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HISTC) R^ 






CAMDEN COUNTY, 



NEAA^ JERSEY. 



By GEO, R. PROWELL. 



Member Historical Societi/ of Penmytvanit 



ILLUSTRATED. 



PHILADELPHIA: 
L. J. RICHARDS & CO. 

1886. 



PREFACE. 



The evident want of a comprehensive history of Camden County and the encouragement given 
by many prominent citizens whose opinions were consulted in regard to that need, induced the pub- 
lishers to undertake the task of preparing this volume. The promises made by the people of the 
county were generously fulfilled. After a year's diligent, faithful and well-directed effort, the book 
has been completed. It is now presented for the consideration and criticism of the intelligent 
reader, believing that it will meet his entire approval. Every effort has been made to prepare a 
work acceptable to its patrons, creditable alike to its author and the publi.shers, and worthy of the 
dignified name of history. 

Great credit is due the Hon. John Clement, of Haddonfield, whose efficient aid and wise 
counsel were of inestimable value during the whole period of the preparation. His interest in local 
history was inspired by his intelligent father, and being a lineal descendant of one of the first settlers 
of West Jersey, he was naturally impelled to continue his investigations. The knowledge which he 
possesses in this field, was acquired after long and diligent research among original records and 
innumerable authorities. 

Among the publishers' corps of writers were Edington P. Fulton, now on the editorial stafl'of the 
Philadelphia Times, Alfred Mathews, Austin N. Hungerford, J. L. Rockey, Edgar O. Wagner, Captain 
Frank H. Coles and Frank J. Richards. Dr. John R.Stevenson, of Haddonfield, prepared the chapter 
on medicine. Rev. F. R. Brace, the chapter on education and Hon. Edward Burrough the history of 
Delaware township. Benjamin M. Braker contributed material for the chapters upon Camden and 
Gloucester cities. Acknowledgements are due Peter L. Voorhees, Esq., for valuable suggestions, S. H. 
Grey, Esq., and Colonel S. C. Harbert, for the use of files of early newspapers, to John W. Wright, 
Colonel Robert B. Hull, Isaac C. Martindale and Howard M. Cooper, Esq., and to the members of the 
press and the clergy of the county. .» 

In concluding these few lines a word concerning the department of illustrations, which supple- 
ments the literary contents of the volume, is not out of place. The illustrations consist largely of por- 
traits of some of those men who have been, or are, prominent residents of the territory to which this 
volume is devoted. These portraits, with the accompanying biographical sketches, form a feature 
which is sometimes the subject of ill-considered criticism, on the ground that they are of persons living. 
Nevertheless, in the judgment of the publishers, and of a great many persons who have given the 
matter careful consideration, the department is one which should neither be omitted nor limited by the 
insertion of the portraits and sketches of those only who are deceased. When it is borne in mind how 
swiftly the stream of life and time sweeps on— how quickly the present glides into the past— there will 
be few to find fault with this department ; and when a score or more of years have elapsed — when the 
generations now marching in the front, and in the closely succeeding ranks, shall have passed away, 
this feature will be invaluable, serving as the best reminder of some of their most conspicuous and 
honored characters, to those who remain. 

G. R. P. 
Philadki.phia, Nov., 1886. 



CONTENTS. 



GENERAL HISTORY. 



CHAPTER I. 
Topography and Botany 1-1 

CHAPTER II. 
The Indians ■1-16 

CHAPTER III. 
Karly Colonial History 17-24 

CHAPTER IV. 

The Friends in West Jersey 24-30 

CHAPTER V. 

Early History of Old Gloucester 30-35 

CHAPTER VI. 

The Frtnch and Indian War 3.5-36 

CHAPTER VII. 

The War of the Revolution 36-77 

CHAPTER VIII. 

The War of 1812-14 77-86 

CHAPTER IX. 

The War with Mexico 86-89 

CHAPTER X. 

The War for the Union 83-17t< 



CHAPTER XI. 

The Erection of Camden County 179-186 

CHAPTER XII. 

avil List 186-196 

CHAPTER XIII. 

The Bench and Bar of Camden County 196-237 

CHAPTER XIV. 

A History of Medicine and Medical Men 237-308 

CHAPTER XV. 
Education 308-319 

CHAPTER XVI. 
The Frees 319-330 

CHAPTER XVII. 

Authors and Scientist 330-339 

CHAPTER XVIII. 

PubUc Internal Improvements 340-359 

CHAPTER XIX. 
Navigation and Ship-Building 360-385 

CHAPTER XX. 

Agriculture 385-395 

CHAPTER XXI. 

Old Grave- Yards 395-400 



CITIES, BOEOUGHS AND TOWNSHIPS. 



CHAPTER I. 
THE CITY or CAMDEN. 
Introduction — Early Settlements and Subsequent Transfers of 
Land on the Site of Camden— Karly Settlements and Trans- 
fers of Land on the Site of South Camden— First Town 
Plan of Camden— Coopers Hill— The Kaighn Estate— Fet- 
tereville— Stockton— Kaighnsville 403-424 

CHAPTER II. 
MUNICIPAL HISTORY. 
Incorporation — Supplements to Charter — New Charter — The 
First City Hall -The New City Hall— Civil List— Water 
Departmuut—Fire Department 426-444 

CHAPTER III. 
EARLY BUSINESS INTERESTS OF CAMDEN. 
Camden in 1815— Camden in 1824 — Assessmentof 1834— Manu- 
facturing Industries and Interesting Facts— Pleasure Gar- 
dens—" Sausage Weaving." 444-4.54 

CHAPTER IV. 
BANKS AND BANKING. 
The First Bank in New Jei-sey- State and National Laws Gov- 
erning the Banking System — The National State Bank of 
Camden- The Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank— The First 
National Bank— The Camden Safe Deposit Company — The 
Camden National Bank 454-467 

CHAPTER V. 
RELIGIOUS HISTORY OP CAMDEN. 

Newton Friends' Meeting— Methodist Churches— Baptist 
Churches— Protestant Episcopal Churchefe- Presbyterian 
Churches— Lutheran Churches— Churches of the United 
Brethren in Christ— Church of the Evangelical Association 

Young Men's Christian Association — Roman Catholic 

Churches 467-497 

CHAPTER VI. 
THE SCHOOLS. 
Early Schools in Camden— The Public-School System— The 
New Era— Progress since 1879 — Newton Debating Society 
— The Worthington Library — Private Schools— West Jer- 
sey Orphanage 497-507 

CHAPTER VII. 
THE MANUFACTUIIING INDUSTRIES. 
Iron Works — Lumber Interests of Camdon— Oil Cloth Manu- 
factories-Woolen and Worsted Mills— Miscellaneous In- 
dustries— Carriage-Making— Shoe and Morocco Factories. 507-538 



CHAPTER VIII. 
MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

The Post-Offlce— Marke^House8— The Bead Family— Insur- 
ance Companies — The Gaslight Company — The Street 
Railway- The Telephone— Building and Building Asso- 
ciations—Drug Interests— Old Military Organizations- 
Cemeteries— The Tornado of 1878— The Cyclone of 1885— 
Hotels 538-558 

CHAPTER IX. 
SECRET AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. 

Free Masonry — The Independent Order of Odd Fellows — 
Knights of Pythias — Improved Order of Red Men — Knights 
of the Golden Eagle— Ancient Order of United Work- 
men — Brotherhood of the Union — Order of United .Ameri- 
can Mechanics — Independent Order of Mechanics — Mis- 
cellaneous Societies 558-581 

CHAPTER X. 
GLOUCESTER CITY. 

Topography — Early History — Fort Nassau— Gloucester as a 
County Seat— County Courts and Public Buildings— The 
Original Town and Some of its Inhabitants — A Deserted 
Village — An Era of Prosperity Arrives — Incorporation and 
City Government— Manufacturing Interests — Religious 
History — Schools— Societies— Gloucester as a Pleasure Be- 
sort— The Fox Hunting Club— Fisheries 582-607 

CHAPTER XI. 

THE BOROUGH OF HADDONFIELD. 

Early History— Francis Collins, John Kay, Timothy Matlack, 
Jacob Clement, Samuel Clement, Thomas Perrywolb, 
Thomas Rodman, Hugh Creighton, William Griscom, 
Benjamin Hartley — Local Incidents of the Revolu- 
tion— Haddonfleld in 1826 and 1835— Friendship Fire 
Company— Old Taverns— The Post-Office — Library Com- 
pany—The Friends- Baptist Church— Methodist Church- 
Episcopal Church— Presbyterian Church— Schools— Busi- 
ness Interests— Societies G08-GS5 

CHAPTER XII. 
THE TOWNSHIP OF HADDON. 
Early History of Old Newton Township — Notes from Town- 
ship Records — Thomas Sharp's Account of the Newton 
Settlement- Old Nowton Friends' Meeting— Schools— 
Camden and Philadelphia Race-Course— CoUingswood— 
Westmount 686-654 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER XIII. 
THE TOWNSHIP OF WATERFORD. 

Topography— The Matlack Family— The CoUius'— Organiza- 
tion— Gleutlale M. E. Church— Gibbsboro'— Lucas Paint 
Works— Church of St. John in the Wilderness- Berlin— 
*' Long-a-Coming" — Business Beginnings — Societies — Li- 
brary— Churches- Berlin Cemetery— Village of Atco — So- 
cieties and Churches— Chesilhurst-Waterford Village — 
Churches — "Shane's Castle," the Woos Brothers and the 
Beginning of Catholicism 

CHAPTER XIV. 
THE TOWNSHIP OF GLOUCESTER. 
Description — Early Settlers — The Tonilinsons, Albertsons, 
Bates, Cathcarts, Heilmans, Howells, Thornes and others 
— Civil Organization — Villages of Kirkwood, Linden- 
wold, Clementon, Watsontown, Brownstown, Davistown, 
Spring Mills, " the lost town of Upton " and Chews Land- 
ing — The Chew Family — Blackwood — The Wards and 
Blackwoods— Old Hotels — Stage Lines — Churches — Socie- 
ties — Education 

CHAPTER XV. 
THE TOWNSHIP OF WINSLOW. 

Character of the Township — Set off from Gloucester — List of 
Officers — Villages of Sicklerville, Williamstown Junction, 
Wilton, Tansboro\ Cedar Brook, Braddock, Bine Anchor, 
Ancora, Elm, Winslow Junction and Winelow — Glass 
Works — Societies — Friends' Meetings and Churches , . . 



CHAPTER XVI. 



THE TOWNSHIP OF CENTRE. 



Surface andSoil— Early Settlers and Descendants— The Huggs, 
Brownings, Hillnians. Hinchmans, Thornes, Glovers and 
Later Comers- Civil History— Village of Snow Hill— Soci- 
eties— Churches — Magnolia — Guinea Town— Mount Eph- 



CHAPTER XVIT. 

THE TOWNSHIP OF DELAWARE. 

Civil Hi story ^AfTaira of the Township during the Civil War 
—List of Officials— Mills-Early Settlers— The Howells, 
Coopers, Champions, Collins, Burrows, EUis, Heritages, 
Kays, Matlacks, Shivers, Stokeses, Davises, Frenches and 
others— Old Houses— Ell ieburg— Bat esvi He 



CHAPTER XVIII. 
THE TOWNSHIP OF STOCKTON. 

Its Separation fromDelaware— Jurisdiction over River Islands 
-Early Settlement— The Coles, Spicers, Woods, Willards, 
Nicholsons, Morgans, Budderows, Fishs, Homers, Brown- 
ings, Starns, Osiers and others— Bethel Methodist Episco- 
pal Church — Old Taverns — Schools — Fisheries — Pavouia 
-Wrightsvilie— Cramer Hill— Dudley— Me rch^n*- " 
Stockton— Delair — Manufacturing Interests ^ 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Albertsou, Chalkley 072 

Albertsoi), Samuel 616 

Andrews, J. E 301 

An Old Stage-Ooach 345 

Anthony, H. B 635 

Autographs, early settlers in Gloucester township 677 

Autographs, early settlers in Stockton township 742 

Autographs, early settlers, Newton township G49 

Autographs of Early Settlers 425 

Autographs of English Noblemen 24 

Baird, David 518 

Bartine, D. H 295 

Beatty,I.C 526 

Boll, Ezra C 393 

Bennett, Volney G 616 

Bergen, C. A 229 

Bergen, M. V 228 

Braddock, Elwood 632 

British stamp 38 

Browning, A. M 158 

Browning, Maurice 528 

Brown, David B 192 

Brown, Davids 590 

Burrough, Edward 194 

Camden Water-Front 403 

Campbell, Geo 557 

Carpenters' Hall 41 

Chew, Sinnickson 322 

Church, Broadway Methodist Episcopal 470 

Church, First Baptist 477 

Church, First Presbyterian 488 

Church, North Baptist 480 

Church of Immaculate Conception 496 

Chureh, Second Presbyterian 491 

Church, St. John's Episcopal 486 

9 

Church, Third Methodist Episcopal 408 

Clement, John 212 

Clement, John, Sr 214 

Coffin, William 698 

Coles, C. B 516 

Coley, Benjamin D 121 

ColUngs, E. Z 394 

Cattell, AlexanderG 763 

Cooper, Beiy "44 

ix 



Cooper, Benjamin W 743 

Cooper Hospital 264 

Cooper, James B GO 

Cooper, John 466 

Cooper, Joseph W 458 

Cooper, Dr. Richard M 455 

Cooper, Richard M 271 

Cooper, W. B 743 

Cooper, William D 218 

Cramer, Alfred 758 

Croft, Howland 524 

Cuthbert, J. OgJen 654 

Davis, Thomas II 136 

Davis, Thomas W 400 

Delaware Indian 5 

Delaware Indian Family 7 

Do Vries, David Pietersen 18 

Dialogue, John H 384 

Douges, John W 293 

Bstaugh House 647 

Evans, Ellwood 737 

Fetters, Kichard 422 

Fitch's First Steamboat 360 

Fitch's Second Steamboat 361 

Fitzgerald, Wilson 579 

Fitzsimmons, P. J 497 

Flint knives 9 

Fort Mercer 50 

Fort Mifflin 48 

Fowler, P. H 593 

Francine, Louis R 156 

Frazee, Andrew B 372 

Fredericks, Henry 514 

Gatzmer, W. H 370 

Gettysburg Monument 145 

Gill, John 456 

Great Central Fair Building 163 

Grey, Philip J 320 

Grey, S. H 226 

Gross, Onan B 290 

Haines, Joseph M 712 

Hall, New City 429 

Hansen, William C 159 

Heath, Kobert P. S 193 



LIST OF TLLUSTKATIONS. 



Hendry, Charles D 2G7 

Heulinge, Israel W 457 

HiUmaD, Samuel S 633 

Hoe of Gray Flint 10 

Horsfall, Charles K 140 

Howell, Joshua B 154 

Hudson, Honry 17 

Hylton, J. Dunbar 747 

Hylton, J. Dunbar, Kesideuco of 748 

Independence Bell 36 

Independence Hall 47 

Indian autographs 16 

Indian Fort 8 

Jones, Franks 437 

Kifferly, Frederick 534 

Kirkbride, Joel P 671 

Knight, E. C 641 

Lippiucott, Joshua 459 

Livermore, Jonas 464 

Lucas, John 658 

Map (boundary) of East and West Jersey 23 

Map of Camden 419 

Map of Camden County 1 

Map of operations on the Delaware 49 

Map, Thos. Sharp, 1700 638 

Martindale, Isaac C 337 

Mead, Wm. T 548 

Michellon, F. F 435 

Middleton, F. P 580 

Middleton, M. F 302 

Morgan, Randal E 185 

Mortar and pestle 8 

Mnd Island, 1777 52 

New County Court-Houso 184 

Old-Time Doctor 238 

Ornamental pottery, flint, etc 10 



Parker, Joel 

Parsons, Stephen 

Piece of steatite 

Pratt, Jesse 

President's chair and desk, upon which the Declaration of In- 
dependence was signed 

Read, Edmund E 

Read, John S : 

Read, Joseph J 

Reeve, Augustus 

Reeve, Benjamin C 

Reeve, Richard H 

Ridge, James M 

Bightmire, William H 

Roe, David, Sr 

Rose, Wilbur F 

Rulon, Elwood 

^exton, William 

Sheets, John A. J 

Shults, John S 

Soldiers in 1812 

Soldiers' Monument 

Stanton, L. N 

Starr, John F 

Stevenson, John R 

Stockham, Charles 

Stocks and pillory 

Taylor, H. Genet 

Taylor, Othniel H ; 

Thompson's Hotel and Fisheries 

Tomlinsou, Ephraim 

Vessel of potterj' 

Voorhets, Peter L 

William Peuu's burial-place 

William Penn's coat of arms 

WileoD, George E 




TLA N T I 



HISTORY 



CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



CHAPTER I. 

TOPOGRAPHY AND BOTANY. 
TOPOGRAPHY. 

Camhen County has a front on the Del- 
aware River often miles, and extends sonth- 
easterly about thirty miles to the line of 
Atlantic County. Timber Creek, from the 
river, bounds it on tiie southwest to the head 
of the south branch of that stream, and by a 
short land line to the head of Four-Mile 
Branch, and down the whole length of that 
stream to Great Egg Harbor River and 
thence down that river to the Atlantic 
County line. On the northeast Pensaukin 
Creek from the river bounds the county to 
the source of the south l)ranch, and by a line 
across the country to near the head of Mullica 
River, or a branch thereof, known as Atco 
Atco, and thence down the stream to where 
Atlantic County makes a corner near Atsion. 

The streams running out of the hills are 
rapid, yet the volume of water has been 
materially diminished by thegradual removal 
of the timber from the upland and swamps. 
The effect of the tides from the Delaware 
River in these streams is felt for ten or 
twelve miles inland, although its flow is 
hindered by mill-dams in many places. The 



land in parts is hilly and rolling, but no part 
is so flat or level but that it can be readily 
drained. The highest point, as appears by 
the gradients of the Camden and Atlantic 
Railroad, is near Berlin, and shows an eleva- 
tion of one hundred and ninety-six feet above 
low tide-water at Camden. There is a 
gradual rise from the river southeasterly un- 
til it reaches the highest point at or near 
Berlin, and all the streams running north- 
westerly to the river find their sources in 
that region. The same features exist on the 
southeasterly slope, and the streams that drain 
their waters into the Atlantic Ocean, originate 
near the same place, thus making the region 
about that town the water-shed for a large 
extent of country. It may therefore be seen 
that the springs of water that come to the 
surface near Berlin find their way to the 
Delaware River by Timber Creek, Coopers 
Creek, Pensaukin Creek and Rancocas 
Creek on the western slope of the county, 
while the sources of Great Egg Harbor River 
and of Mullica River and their tributaries, 
which drain the eastern slope and emj)ty into 
the Atlantic Ocean, may be found near the 
same place. 

Timber Creek is navigable for vessels of 
light draught to Chews Landing, about ten 
miles from its mouth, and Coopers Creek 

1 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY. NEW JERSEY. 



to Coles Landing, about the same distance. 
Pensaukin C-reek is available for the same 
purpose to the dam at the junction of the 
north and south branches of that stream. 
Along both sides of these water-courses are 
extensive tracts of low, marshy laud, upon 
which the tide leaves a fertile alluvion de- 
posit, and which, when banked and drained, 
makes valuable meadow, while towards the 
heads of the streams good water-jiowers have 
been made and u.sed for milling and manu- 
facturing purposes. Black, yellow and 
green marl is found in the belt that crosses 
the county in a northeasterly direction, and 
for building purpo.sesa red sandstone is found 
in many localities, generall)' in thin layers 
near the surface, but occasionally in thick, 
compact bodies. Loam suitable for moulding 
purposes is found in some of the hills along 
the streams and clays for brick-making 
and pottery crop out in various places. 

BOTANY. 

To outline the flora of .so small a section 
of country as is usually embraced within 
county lines would ordinarily furnish but 
little matter of interest, and where an excep- 
tion to this general rule is known it becomes 
not only proper, but very desirable, to have it 
so appear, in order to obtain the most com- 
plete local history that can be prepared. That 
this exception is realized in Camden County 
is made abundantly manifest. 

It is well known that the State of New 
Jersey, with its surface of seven thousand 
five hundred and seventy-six square miles, 
furnisiies greater opportunities for the study 
of a varied flora than almost any other State 
or district of similar size in the whole United 
States. The more elevated or mountainous 
section in the north gives a somewliat sub- 
alpine flora ; the southern counties receive, by 
tlu! wasiiiug of the waves from the shores of 
the Southern States, and by the birds in their 
migratory flights northward, the seeds of 
many strictly .southern plants ; the eastern 



section supports the usual marine flora, and 
the western the usual fresh-water flora, while 
a section of the interior of the more southern 
counties give us what is elsewhere known as 
the " pine barrens of New Jersey," furnish- 
ing a peculiar vegetation, one unlike that of 
any other State of our Union. 

O. R. Willis, in his " Catalogue of Plants 
growing without Cultivation in the State of 
New Jersey," says of these floral features, — 
" The difference of elevation from the south 
towards the north gives a wide range of 
temperature, .so that while in the northern 
boundaries of the State plants are found 
common to New England, the southern and 
coast regions yield the vegetation of Eastern 
Virginia. 

" The whole western border is washed l)y 
the Delaware River, fed by tributaries from 
Pennsylvania and New York, bringing to 
its banks the seeds of a vast territory north 
and west of it. Its eastern shores are washed 
by the Hud.son River and the Atlantic Ocean, 
wafting the seeds of many lands to the allu- 
vial plains which skirt its eastern bounda- 
ries. Its varied soil is another remarkable 
feature of this State : limestone in the north, 
accompanied by iron and peat, marl, alluvial, 
arenaceous and clay deposits; with red shales 
and heav}' loam, impregnated with iron, in 
the middle ; while in the south and east loose 
sands, i)eat and sphagnous bogs and green 
sand deposits alternate with patches of loam, 
in which clay more or less predominates. The 
wonderful variety of soil, the differences of 
elevation and tlie wide range of temperature 
combine to give rise to one of the most varied 
and remarkable floras of the Western Conti- 
nent. The cedar swamps, with which the 
pine regions are besprinkled, are the homes 
ofthemo.st beautiful and remarkable indi- 
viduals of the flora of the temperate zones. 
There the pogonia, the liabenaria, the or- 
chis, the arethusa, the cjilopogon and the 
.sarracenia flourish; while tiie forests of the 
north and middle are adorned with the lir- 



BOTANY. 



iodendron, the magnolia, tiie ilex, the kal- 
inia and the rhododendron." 

Among those who early gave attention to 
botaniciil investigation in this distriet, or who 
i)ecame qnite familiar with its flora, may be 
found the names of Bartram, Collins, Kalm, 
Miehaux, Schweinitz, Barton, Piirsh, Xnttall, 
r)uraud and others, many collections of New 
Jersey plants being scattered through the 
herbaria of Europe as well as of America. 
The conditions they found have, in the lapse 
of many years, been very much changed. 
The marshy ground along the Delaware Riv- 
er just south of Camden, and running back 
into the country for some distance, was a 
noted place to visit in those early botanical 
days, many of the rarer plants of this section 
l)eing found therein, some decidedly of a 
soutiiern range, and which of late years have 
not been met with at all. Near Haddonheld 
is another locality, where recently has been 
collected a species not heretofore known to 
occur north of Virginia. The townships of 
Waterford and Winslow extend into the 
" pine barren " region, above referred to, 
where the rare and beautiful plants which 
characterize its flora may be found. On the 
banks of Little Timber Creek may, in shel- 
tered places, still be found plants of a more 
northern habitat, and this is, perhaps, the onlv 
place south of Trenton where they occur. An 
enumeration of these species would greatly 
interest persons scientifically inclined, and 
there are many such devotees among us, but 
it would be too voluminous to be inserted 
here ; suffice it to say that many of these 
plants, which are to be found described in the 
various text-books of botany, are yet qnite 
local. This section has been so thoroughly 
explored that very few species new to science 
have been detected within the past thirty- 
five yeai-s. 

Of introduced plants, those whose home is 
in other parts of the world, (Jamden County 
has more than a full share, owing to circum- 
stances which are not likelv to affect anv 



other county in the State. Isaac C. ^[artin- 
dale, of Camden, who is probably better ac- 
quainted with the flora of this section of New 
Jersey, and the localities where its rare plants 
may be found, than almost any other person 
now living, and who has of late years given 
special study to the introduction of foreign 
species and the geographical distribution of 
plants, says that the past twenty-five years 
has given a large influx of these. Nearly as 
far back as 18(30 the late Charles F. Parker, 
of Camden, and himself", while botanizing on 
the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware, de- 
tected a number of European plants growing 
on heaps of ballast that had been unloaded 
from vessels, most of which were not enum- 
erated in the text-books of North American 
botany, and as a new field for investigation 
was thus opened, the whole of the Delaware 
River front, both in New Jersey and Penn- 
sylvania, was carefully examined during the 
succeeding years, and the character and hab- 
its of the plants studied, it was found that 
many of the species of European origin were 
evidently from the middle se-ction of the con- 
tinent, anil a close investigation developed 
the fact that large quantities of coal oil were 
being shipped from Philadelphia to the sea- 
j)ort towns of Germany and those along the 
Mediterranean Sea; so large a trade had 
s])rung up in this enterprise within a few 
vears that many sailing-vessels were engaged 
in its transportation. Many cargoes of coal 
oil were thus shipped, and if no freight could 
be obtained for a return, the vessels came 
back in ballast, which was largely unloaded 
in the southern part of the city of Camden, 
where scores of acres of low, mai-shy land 
existed. This ballast material of coui'se con- 
tained many seeds of plants, which in due 
season vegetated, and thus furnished, as it 
were, a new link in Flora's chain on Ameri- 
can soil. Occasional vessel-loads of ballast 
(^ame from other parts of the world — some 
from Africa, Eastern Asia, South America 
and the West Indies. A few California 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



plants have also in this way been brought 
to our doors. 

It is well known that during the War of 
the Rebellion many vessels were engaged in 
carrying supplies to ports on the South At- 
lantic seaboard and to the Gulf States. As 
no return cargo could be obtained, vast quan- 
tities of ballast were used. Much of this in 
time reached here also, and in consequence 
a large number of strictly .southern plants 
were introduced. Partial lists of these have 
from time to time appeared in the scientific 
periodicals of the country, and Mr. Mai'tiu- 
dale, we learn, is at present engaged in the 
preparation of a complete history of this de- 
partment of his favorite study. 

Of the foreign plants thus introduced, 
numbering perhaj)s hundreds of species, many 
never appeared but once, others maintained a 
foothold for a few years and then disap- 
peared, whilst a large number of species have 
been found year after year, showing that 
while an unusual combination of circum- 
stances may have led to their introduction, 
they have nevertheless come to stay, often 
rooting out the native plants and absolutely 
taking possession of the soil, in fair illustra- 
tion of the old story of the survival of the 
fittest in the race for existence. The intro- 
duced element being more vigorous, obtained 
the mastery, and the native was obliged to 
yield possession, an exact repetition of the 
history of the settlement of the country by 
the European nations, where the foreigners 
held posse.ssion and the native American In- 
dian, proving to be tlie weaker vessel, ha.s 
been gradually pushed farther and farther 
inland. 

The greater part of the soil of Camden 
County being easily cultivated, the trees have 
been largely removed ; hence the acreage of 
forest has become very small and little of 
especial character in this line now exists that 
requires mention at our hands. The original 
timber has all been cut off and now but i'ew 
trees of large or unusual size remain. The 



wooded sections of the most eastern town- 
ships have for years furnished very largely 
the supply of charcoal for the Philadelphia 
markets. Immeu.se numbers of hoop-poles 
were also shipped to those engaged in the 
West India sugar and molasses trade. The 
white cedar swamps have also furnished 
thousands of cedar rails annually for ship- 
ment to other sections, but the great demand 
for these articles has nearly exhausted the 
supply and these branches of industry are 
almost destroyed. 



C H A P T E R I I. 



THE INDIAN^ 



Early historians, probably through lack 
of study of the literary remains of the pio- 
neers and settlers of the seventeenth century, 
have very much too liberally overestimated 
the number of Indians in New Jersey at the 
time when the first settlements by the whites 
were made here. In this error they but 
shared the once common belief that the abo- 
rigines of North America three hundred 
years ago were a powerful and numerous 
])eople. Recent investigations have proved 
the inaccuracy of this belief. 

The historian Robert Pond estimated the 
uunil)er of fighting men of eighteen given 
tribes east of the Mississippi River at twenty- 
seven thousand nine hundred, and total num- 
ber of souls one hundred and thirty-nine 
thousand five hundred. An historical ac- 
count printed in Philadelphia of Colonel 
Bouquet's expedition in 17(i.3 against the 
Ohio Indians, asserts that there were then 
fifty-six thousand five hundred and eighty 
fighting men of such tribes as the French 
were in connection with in Canada and the 
We,st. Assuming this number to be one- 
fifth of the population, they would have 
had at that date two hundred and eighty-two 
thousand nine hundred in the territorv now 



THE INDIANS. 



embraced in the United States. According 
to the figures of the Indian Bureau of the 
government, there are now about two hundred 
and seventy-five thousand Indians in the 
United States, or within a few thousands of 
as many as ever roamed over the area now 
embraced within the States and Territories. 
Statistics and careful investigation have thus 
shattered the romance of the extinguishment 
of the Indian race, upon which innumerable 
patlietic tales have been founded. The con- 
ditions of Indian life were in every way op- 
posed to the rapid increase of population. 

All the collateral evidence goes to sustain 
the theory that if Hendrick Hudson could 
have made a census of the Indians in Schey- 
ichbi (their name for the territory almost iden- 
tical with the present State of New Jersey), 
he would not have counted many more than 
two thousand when, in 1609, he and his com- 
panions iu the "Half-Moon " skirted the coast 
of what is now New Jersey. Master Evelin, 
writing in 1690, used this language : " I doe 
account all thelndiansto be eight hundred;" 
and Oldmixon, in 1708, computed that they 
had been reduced to one-fourth that immber. 
Evelyn and Oldmixon were below the mark, 
but they were much nearer it than those 
writers who have spoken of the " teeming 
tiiousands " of red men. Such miscalculations 
are largely traceable to circumstances which, 
in their turn, are a revelation of the physical 
condition of Scheyiehbi when the white man 
was moving to plant his dominant standards 
upon its soil. The State of New Jersey is so 
rich in Indian relics that hasty observers 
came to the conclusion that it must have 
supported a conij)aratively dense Indian po])- 
ulation. " So abundant were the Indian 
villages," says Charles C Abbott, in his 
" Stone Age in New Jersey," " that almost 
every brook tiiat harbors a fish has now 
lying among the pebbles on its bed or in the 
turf upon its banks flinty arrow-points or 
delicate fish-spears." \Mieu it is remem- 
bered that these remains are in a great pro- 



portion those of tribes that came to New 
Jersey iu the seasons for hunting and fishing, 
and had their permanent locations beyond, its 
confines, we understand the great attractions 
of the region for a primitive people, and also 
the source of the errors that have been made 
in enumerating the Indians of New Jersey 
two centuries ago. To them and to the 




strangers who foraged in it from the North 
and West it was a land of plenty and 
tiitness. The streams were well supplied 
with fish, and the forests and the plains with 
game. The recession of the glaciers had left 
a soil that so easily absorbed rain that it 
made quick and prodigal return for the work 
of the red husbandman, who cultivated In- 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



dian corn, pumpkins and beans. The inlets 
of the bay and sea were opulent with oysters 
and clams, and when the Indians had eaten 
of these luscious bivalves their shells were 
useful for conversion into wampum. 

They were of the great Lenni Lenape 
nation, which then occupied the central por- 
tion of what is now the United States, and 
were hemmed in by the Natches, south of 
the Potomac River, and the Iroquois, uortli 
of the southern border of New York. They 
had sacredly preserved that curious tradition 
of an origin in the far West, of a march to 
the eastward, a joint victory with the Iro- 
quois over the Allegivi (Allegheuies) in a 
terrible battle and the final establishment of 
a new home upon the shores of the ocean 
from which the suu rises. The myth has 
long ago been resolved into an incident of 
the suu or fire worship commoti to prehis- 
toric faiths. 

Indian Traditions. — A writer in the 
" History of Philadelphia," published in 1880, 
gives the following interesting, though fanci- 
ful, traditions relating to the origin of our 
Aborigines : 

" As to their origin as members of the human 
family, they liave divers legends. They claim to 
have come out of a cave in the earth, like the 
woodchuck and the chipmunk, to have sprung 
from a snail that was transformed into a human 
being and taught to hunt by a kind of Manitou, 
after which it was received into the lodge of the 
beaver and married the beaver's favorite daughter. 

" In another myth a woman is discovered hover- 
ing in mid-air above the watery waste of chaos. She 
has fallen or has been expelled from heaven, and 
there is no earth to offer her a resting-place. The 
tortoise, however, rose from the depths and j)ut his 
broad shield-like back at lier service, and she de- 
scended u|)on it and made it her abode, for its dome- 
like oval resembled the first emergence of dry land 
from the waters of the deluge. The tortoise slept 
upon the deep, and round the margin of his sjiell 
barnacles gathered, the scum of the sea collected and 
the floating fragments of the shredded sea-weed 
accumijlated until the dry land grew apace, and 
by and by there was all that broad expanse of land 
which now constitutes North America. The 
woman, weary of watching, worn out with sighs for 



her lonesomeness, dropped ofi" into a tranc|uil 
slumber, and in that sleep she dreamed of a spirit 
who came to her from her lost home above the 
skies, and of that dream the fruits were sons and 
daughters, from whom have descended the human 
race. Another legend personifies the Great Spirit 
under the form of a gigantic bird that descended 
upon the face of the waters and brooded there until 
the earth arose. Then the (ireat Spirit, exercising 
a creative power, made the plants and animals 
and, lastly, man, who was formed out of the integu- 
ments of the dog, and endowed with a magic arrow 
that was to be preserved with great care, for it was 
at ouce a blessing and a safeguard. But the man 
carelessly lost the arrow, whereupon the Great 
Spirit soared away upon its bird-like wings and 
was no longer seen, and man had thenceforth to 
hunt and struggle lor his livelihood. 

" Manabohzo, relates the general Algonkin tra- 
dition, created the difl'erent tribes of red men out 
of the carcasses of ditt'erent animals, the beaver, 
the eagle, the wolf, the serpent, the tortoise, etc. 
Manabohzo, Messon, Michaboo or Nanabush is a 
demi-god who works the metamorphoses of nature. 
He is the king of all the beasts; his father was the 
west wind, his mother the moon's great-grand- 
father, and sometimes he appears in the form of a 
wolf or bird, but his usual shape is that of the 
gigantic hare. After Maiuibohzo masquerades in 
the figure of a man of great endowments and 
majestic stature, when he is a magician after the 
order of Prospero; but when he takes the form of 
.some impish elf, then he is more tricky than .\riel 
and more full of hobgoblin devices than Puck. 

" Manabohzo is the restorer of the world, sul)- 
merged by a deluge which the serpent-Manitous 
have created. He climbs a tree, saves himself and 
sends a loon to dive for mud from which he can 
make a new world. The loon fails to reach the 
bottom ; the muskrat, which next attenipis the 
feat, returns lifeless to the surface, but with a little 
sand from which the (4reat Hare is able to re- 
create the world. 

"In other legends the otter and beaver dive in 
vain, but the muskrat succeeds, losing his life in 
the attempt." 

Students of the Aryan legends regarding 
the creation of the world and the Eastern 
mythology (concerning the birth of demi-gods 
by the union of a supernatural man witli a 
female human being, will detect at once the 
kinship of the myths of the Occident with 
those of the (Orient. How far thev aid in 



THE INDIANS. 



cicterniiiiiiio- the (iriij;in of the American In- 
fliiiiis on the Asiatic platean is a (jiiestion 
which ethnologists arc still busily ilisciissino;. 

The Lenxi Lexapk, (Hi Dk.i.awark In- 
dians. — The name Lenni Lenape signifies 
"original people," and came to l)e applied to 
the river upon which they dwelt, until the 
English decided that the name of the river 
should be the Delaware. They 
translated the Indi;m generic title 
into Delaware also. With the Iro- 
<piiiis tiic J^elaware formed the 
Algon(juin division of the abo- 
rigines, and were at its head ; but 
not later than the middle of the 
seventeenth century they surrend- 
ered their primacy at the dictation 
of the Iroquois and accepted the 
humble place of a subordinate 
nation. In this condition they were 
bound to abstain from war and in 
return they were protected from 
invasion. The pacific relations 
which existed between them and 
the Europeans in New Jersey is 
[)artially cx])lainable by their vir 
tual abandonment of the belliger- 
ent attitude which had been their 
normal status. 

Along the Delaware, from the 
mouth of the bay northward on 
the eastern side, were perha])s 
twenty sub-divisions of the Lenui 
Lenape people. The names which 
have been preserved are in some 
instances generic and in others 
merely indicate thelociilities. Isaac 
Mickle, in his " Reminiscences of ( )ld 
Gloucester County," hands down those of the 
iSewapoo.ses, Sicounesses and Naraticons apvn 
Raccoon Creek, the Manteses or Mantas on 
Mantua Creek and the Arniewamexes or 
Arwanies on Timber Creek. These la.st- 
named must have extended their pcssessions 
over the present limits of Camden County. 
There are no reasons to suppose that they 



ditVcrcd in mux' wav from their rieigiil)()rs of 
the Lenape. .Vccording to I'astor (Jam- 
paniiis, in his " History of New Sweden," ' 
thty constructed their lodges '.>y placing a 
bark roof upon poles, and when they desired 
t(i fortify a village they made a palisade of 
l<igs and dug a ditch on the outside. They 
could fashion ruile household utensils of [xil- 




nl.l.AU A I.I. IMUAN I AMII \ . 



tery and they made dishes of bark and cedar 

' "The Indians uf this region had no lowns or fixed 
plnees of habitation ; they mostly wander around from 
one place to another and generally go to those phioes 
where they think they are nio^t likely to find the means 

of support When they travel they carry their mats 

with them wherever they go and fix them on poles, 
under which they dwell. When they want fire they 
strike it out of a piece of dry wood, of which they find 
plenty." 



HTPTORY OF CAMT>EN' OOTTNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



wood and wove baskets of withes. They 
were utter strangers to the uses of metals 
until they learned of them from the Europe- 
ans, but of stones they made arrow-heads and 
spear-heads, a queer sort of a " i2;ifl " for 




V\ 1M>M\ loKr 



catching fish, war-clubs, hatchets, axes, dag- 
gers and pestles and mortars, with which 
they pounded corn into meal or clay into 
paint. The neolithic or new stone 
i m piemen ts and weapons unearthed 
throughout tiiis county belonged 
to the Ijenape Indians, just as the 
paleolithic or older and ruder stone 
tools did to the unknown people 
who preceded them and perished iT 

without leaving any records. 
Their Religious Belief 

and other characteristics. 

The Indians worshipped a Great J 

Spirit under various forms, but 

the dance was their sole religious 

ceremonial. The nature of their 

belief in a Supreme Being has 

never been more clearly illustrated 

than in the following letter wintten 

to a friend about I 7 4G by Conrad 

Wei.ser, well known in the early history of 

Pennsylvania as the great interpreter of the 

Indian language : 

" If by religion peopio mean iin iissent to certain 
creeds or tlie observance of a set of religious du- 
ties, as appointed prayers, singing, preaching, 
baptism or even hcathonisli worsliiji, then it may 



be said the Five Nations (Iroquois Indians) and 
their neighbors have no religion. But if by relig- 
ion we mean an attraction of the soul to God, 
whence proceeds a confidence in and hunger after 
the knowledge of Him, then this people must be 
allowed to have some religion among them, not^ 
withstanding their sometimes savage deportment. 
For we find among them some traits of a confi- 
dence in (rod alone, and sometimes, though but 
seldom, a vocal calling upon Him." 

Weiser then cites the case of an Indian 
who accompanied him upon one of his jour- 
neys, and who, on being rescued from a fall 
over a great precipice, exclaimed, — 

" I thank the great Lord and Governor of this 
world in that He has had mercy upon me and has 
been willing that I should live longer." 

A few days later, when Weiser himself 
was in danger of death, the same Indian ad- 
dressed him thus, — 

" Remember that evil days are better than good 
days, for when we suffer much we do not sin ; sin 
will be driven out of lis by sutt'ering; but good 





MourAi; ANi' rixiLi:. 

days will causi^ lutn to sin, and Ctod cannot extend 
His merry to them; but, coiilrariwise, when it 
goeth evil with us God hath compassion on us." 

Again, when, in 17(50, a immber of Inditiiis 
came from Wyalusing to I'hiladelphia to 
confer with {governor Hamillim on various 
subjects. Chief Papomutn is recorded iiy 



THE INDIANS. 



9 



Conrad \\'eiser to iiavc said to the (iover- 
uor, — 

" [ think on (nnl who made us. I want to be 
instructed in His worship and service ; the great 
(xod observes all that passes in our hearts and 
hears all that we sav to one another." 




FI.IXT KNIFE. 

s>. l.v:! iricln's. 



FLINT KNIFE. 

fi by y'/i inches. 



( )!' coiir.s(^ all these Indians whom he 
( I notes had derived .some religions ideas from 
tlu'ir commniiication with the whites : they 




l'AHri,Y DRlt,I,KI) PIECE OF STF.ATirF. 

had, in fact, superimposed these impressions 
upon the vague aud misty idealism which 
formed the basis of their original devotions. 



If tlie word had liecii invent<'d in Weiser's 
day, he might have entitled them Pantheist*. 
It must he kept steadily in mind, however, 




f'EUEMOXI.\L STONE Ol- 



that Indian sentimentalism concerning the 
supernatural was very apt to yield to entice- 
ments, to plunder, bloodshed and debauchery. 
Vet they became skilled theological contro- 
versialists, if we are to place reliance upon the 
alleged reply of an Indian chief to a Swedish 
missionary who preached upon original sin 
and the necessity for a mediator, at Cones- 
toga, Lancaster County, Pa., in 1710. The 




H.VNI'-.M-VDE AND FINGER- .MAliKEII VESSEL OF 
POTTERY. 

story runs tiiat the missionary was so puzzled 
by the Indian logic that he requested the 
University of Upsal to furnish him with a 
confutation of it. The Indian speech, trans- 
lated from the Latin in which the worthy 
cleric embalmed it, is in part as follows : 

"Since the subject of his (the missionary's) er- 
rand is to persuade us to embrace a new doctrine, 
perhaps it may not be amiss, before we offer him 
the reasons why we cannot comply with his re- 



10 



HISTOKT OF CAMPEN COTTNTT, NEW JERSEY. 



quest, to acquaint him with the grounds and prin- 
ciples of that religion which he would have us 
abandon. Our forefathers were under a strong 
persuasion, as we are, that those who act well in 




BY 51 INCHES. 



this life shall be rewarded in the next, according 
to the degree of their virtue; and on the other 
hand, that those who behave wickedly here will 
undcr<;o such punishments hereafter as are propor- 




HORNBLENDE AX 



POLISHED FLESHER. 



tionate to the crimes they are guilty of. . . . We 
think it evident that our notion concerning future 
rewards and punishments was i-ither revealed im- 




iKOUVKli HAMMER 



mediately from heaven to some of our forefatliers 
and from them descended to us, or that it was im- 



planted in each of us at our creation by the Cre- 
ator of all things. . . . Does he believe that our 
forefathers, men eminent for their piety, constant 
and warm in the pursuit of virtue, hoping thereby 




ORNAMENTAL l>()lll,K\. (.ROOVED HAMMER. 

to meet everlasting happiness, w-ere all damned? 
Does he think that we, who are their zealous im- 
itators in good works, earnestly endeavoring with 
llio crcntost riniimspiction to tre.ad the paths of 




FLESHER WITH HANDLE 



lEIiCED RECORD 
TABLET. 



integrity, are in a state of damnation? . . . The Al- 
mighty, for anything we know, may have commu- 
nicated the knowledge of Himself to a difterent 
race of people in a different manner. Some say 




BIRD AND TORTOISK I'lPE. iU.AClC FLINT KNIFE. 

they have the will of God in writing: be it so; 
their revelation has no advantage above ours since 
both must be equally sufficient to save, otherwise 
the end of the revelation would be frustrated. . . . 
Then say that the Almighty has permitted us to 




FLINT PER- DrcK.S HEAD PIPE. 
FOBATOR. 



FLINT SKIN 
.SCRAPER. 



remain in fatal error through so many ages is to 
represent Him as a tyrant. How is it consistent 



THE INDIANS. 



11 



with His justice to tbroe litV upon a race of mor- 
tals without their consent and then damn them 
eternally without opening the door to their salva- 
tion? . . . Are the Christians more virtuous, or 
rather, are they not more vicious than we ? If so, 
how came it to pass that they are the ohjects of 
God's beneficence, while we are neglected? In a 
word, we find the Christians much more depraved 
in their morals than ourselves, and we judge of 
their doctrines by their conduct." 

Different style.s of paintiiifj; the body aud 
face were adopted for feastiujj and for war, 
and tattooing- with charcoal for perniaueut 
ornament and for inscribing the " totem," or 
representative animal or sign upon the indi- 
vidual. The totems also served to distin- 
guish the tribes : as, for instance, tho.se which 
occupied New Jersey south of the IMuscon- 
etcong Mountains were the Unarais, or tur- 
tle, and the Unalachtgo, or wolf, between 
whose territories there .seems never to have 
been any definite delineations. The men 
were warriors, hunters and fishei's, while the 
women tilled the soil and performed all the 
domestic aud household work. 

William Penn, in a letter to Henry Savell, 
dated Philadelphia, 3()th of Fifth Month, 168;5, 
affirms that " the natives are proper and 
shapely," and that he had " never found 
more naturall sagacity, considering them 
without y" help — I was almost going to .say 
y° spoyle of tradition." But in comparing 
the testimony of all the pioneers who record- 
ed their impressions, the conclusion is evi- 
dent that the primitive Indian was charac- 
terized by the same vices tiiat mark his 
descendants in our time. 

The red inhabitants on the banks of the 
Delaware possessed a willingness to l)e at 
peace with the white man, if the white man 
would permit. In proof of their early pa- 
cific disposition, it is pertinent to introduce 
here the evidence of Thomas Budd, who was 
a party to the conference held at Burlington 
in 1668. The whites were fearing an attack 
by the Indians, because the latter were re- 
ported as l>eing angered at the whites for 



having .sold tlieni matcii-coats infected with 
small-pox. The chiefs were asked to a meet- 
ing with the settlers, and when it took place 
one of them .spoke in behalf of all in the fol- 
lowing lofty strain, as reported by Budd, and 
believed not to have been corrupted by any 
modern improvements upon his text : 

" Our young men may speak such words as we 
do not like nor approve of, and we cannot help 
that, and some of your young men may speak such 
words as you do not like, and you cannot help 
that. We are your brothers, and intend to live 
like brothers with you; we have no mind to have 
war; . . . we are minded to live in peace. If 
we intend at any time to make war, we will let you 
know of it and the reason why we make war with 
you; and if you make us satisfaction for the inju- 
ry done us, for which the war was intended, then 
we will not make war on you ; and if you intend 
at any time to make war on us, we would have you 
let us know of it and the reason, and then if we do 
not make satisfaction for the injury done unto you, 
then you may make war on us, otherwise you ought 
not to do it; you are our brothers, and we are wil- 
ling to live like brothers with you ; we are willing 
to have a broad path for you and us to walk in, 
and if the Indian is asleep in this path, the Eng- 
lishman shall pass by and do him no harm ; and if 
an Englishman is asleep in this path, the Indian 
shall pass him by and say, ' He is an Englishman, 
he is asleep ; let him alone, he loves to sleep.' " 

Budd was so moved by this eloquent and 
amicable demonstration that he added, — 

" Tlie Indians have been very serviceable to us 
by selling us venLson, Indian corn, peas and beans, 
fish and fowl, buck-skins, beaver, otter and other 
skins and furs; the men hunt, fish and fowl, and 
the women plant the corn and carry burthens. 
There are many of them of a good understanding, 
considering their education, and in their publick 
meetings of business they have excellent order, 
one s[)eaking after another, and while one is speak- 
ing all the rest keep silence, and do not so much 
as whisper to one another. . . . The kings sat on 
a form and we on another over against them ; they 
had prepared four belts of wampum (so their cur- 
rent money is called, being black and white beads 
made of a fish shell) to give us as seals of the cov- 
enant they made with us ; one of the kings, by 
consent and appointment of the rest, stood up and 
spoke." 

It is interesting to compare the above with 



12 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUxXTY, NEW JERSEY. 



the instructions issued by the lords proprie- 
tors to Governor Philip Cartei-et, February 
10, 1664,— 

" And lastly, if our Governors and Councellors 
happen to find any Natives in our said Province 
and Tract of Land aforesaid, that then you treat 
them with all Humanity and Kindness and do not 
in anywise grieve or oppress them, but endeavour 
by a Christian carriage to manifest Piety, Justice 
and Charity, and in your conversation with them, 
the Manifestation whereof will prove Beneficial to 
the Planters and likewise Advantageous to the 
Propagation of the Gospel.'" 

It is a matter of no little (lifliculty to sift 
the truth from the voluminous tales of the 
Swedish, Dutcli and English chroniclers who 
were among the first voyagers and settlers. 

It happily remained for the more .sober 
and prosaic clerks who came up the Delaware 
before and during Penn's days to temper 
with a regard for truth the temptation to ex- 
travagant writing. Easily first among these 
was Rev. John Campanius, Swedish chaplain 
of Governor Printz, who resided on Tini- 
cum Island, near the mouth of the Schuyl- 
kill, from 1642 to 1648, and was in his 
leisure hours much of a rover on both sides 
of the Delaware. Writing of what he saw 
of the natives in those six years, he said, — 

" Their way of living was very simple. With 
arrows pointed with sharp stones they killed the 
deer and other creatures. They made axes from 
stones, which they fastened to a stick, to kill the 
trees where they intended to jJant. They culti- 
vated the ground with a sort of hoe made from the 
shoulder-blade of a deer or a tortoise shell, sharp- 
ened with stones and fastened to a stick. They 
made pots of clay, mixed with powdered mussel 
shells burned in fire. By friction they made fire 
from two pieces of hard wood. The trees they 
burnt down and cut into pieces for fire-wood. On 
journeys they carried fire a great way in punk, or 
sponges found growing on the trees. They burned 
down great trees, and shaped them canoes by fire 
and the help of sharp stones. Men and women 
were dressed inskins ; the women made themselves 
under-garments of wild hemp, of which they al.so 
made twine to knit the feathers of turkeys, eagles, 
etc., into blankets. The earth, the woods and the 
rivers were the provision stores of the Indians; for 



they eat all kinds of wild animals and productions 
of the earth, fowls, birds, fishes and fruits, which 
they find within their reach. They shoot deer, 
fowls and birds with the bow and arrow ; they 
take the fishes in the same manner ; when the 
waters are high the fish run up the creeks and re- 
turn at ebb. tide, so that the Indian.s can easily 
shoot them at low water and drag them ashore. 

" They eat generally but twice a day, morning 
and afternoon ; the earth serves them for tables 
and chairs. They sometimes broil their meat and 
their fish; other times they dry them in the sun or 
in the smoke and thus eat them. They make 
bread out of the maize or Indian corn, which they 
prepare in a manner peculiar to themselves : they 
crush the grain between two gre.at stones, or on a 
large piece of wood; they moisten it with water 
and make it into small cakes, which they wrap up 
in corn leaves and thus bake them in the ashes. 
They can fast, when nece.ssity compels them, for 
many days. When traveling or lying in wait for 
their enemies they take with them a kind of bread 
made of Indian corn and tobacco juice to allay 
their hunger and quench their thirst in case they 
have nothing else on hand. The drink before the 
Christians came into this country was nothing 
but water, but now thev are very fond of strong 
liquors.' Both men and women smoke tobacco, 
which grows in their country in great .abundance. 
They have, besides corn, beans and pumpkins, a 
sort of original dogs with short, pointed ears. . . . 
When a Christian goes to visit them in their 
dwellings they immediately spread on the ground 
pieces of cloth and fine mats or skins; then they 
produce the best they have, as bread, deer, elk or 
bear's meat, fresh fish and bear's fat, to serve in 
lieu of butter, which they generally broil upon the 
coals. These attentions must not be despised, but 
must be received with thankfulness, otherwise their 
friendship will be turned to hatred. When an In- 
dian visits his friend, a Christian, he must alw.iys 
uncover his table at the lower end, for the Indian 
will have his liberty ; and he will immediately 
jump upon the table and sit upon it with his legs 
crossed, for they are not accustomed to sit upon 
chairs ; he then asks for whatever he would liketo 
eat of" 

Smith, in liis " History of New Jer.sey," 
gives in more detail and interest than 

' It is believed to be a fact, and a remarkable one too, 
that the North American Indians are, with the excep- 
tion of the Kskimo, the only people on the face of the 
globe who did not make for themselves some intoxicat- 
ing or stimulating liquor. 



THE INDIANS. 



13 



any otlicr writtT, facts relating to the 
>;ocial life of the Indians who dwelt on the 
east bank of the Delaware. The subjoined 
deseriptiou may be accepted as a faithful 
picture of the Armewauie.xes, a local name 
for a small tribe who for a time inhabited the 
locality of the city of Camdeu and gave to 
the supposetl island site of the city tlie name 
of Aquikanasra : 

" It was customary with the Indians of West 
Jersey, when they buried their dead, to put t'araily 
utensils, bows and arrows and sometimes wampum 
into the grave with them. When a person of note 
died far from the place of his own residence they 
would carry his bones to be buried there. They 
wa,shed and [jcrfumed the dead, painted the face 
and followed singly, left the dead in a sitting posi- 
tion and covered the grave pyramidically. They 
were very curious in preserving and repairing the 
graves of their dead and pensively visited them; 
did not love to be asked their judgment twice 
about the same thing. They generally delighted 
in mirth ; were very studious in observing the 
virtues of roots and herbs, by which they usually 
cured themselves of many bodily distempers, both 
by outward and inward applications. They be- 
sides frequently used sweating and the cold bath. 
They had an aversion to beards and would not 
suffer them to grow, but plucked the hair out by 
the roots. . . . Their young women were orig- 
inally very modest and shame-fiiced, and at mar- 
riageable ages distinguished themselves with a 
kind of worked mats or red and blue bags inter- 
spersed with small rows of white and black wam- 
pum, or half-rows of each in one, fastened to 
it and then put round the head down to near the 
middle of the foi'ehead. The Indians would not 
allow the mentioning of the name of a friend after 
death. They sometimes streaked their faces with 
black when in mourning, but when their aflairs 
went well they painted red. They were gre.at ob- 
servers of the weather by the moon, delighted in 
fine clothes, were punctual in their bargains and 
observed this so much in others that it was very 
difficult for a person who had once failed herein to 
get any dealings with them afterward. 

"Their language was high, lofty and sententious. 
Their way of counting was by tens : that is to say, 
two tens, three tens, etc. ; when the ninnber got 
out of their reach they pointed to the stars or the 
hair of their heads. 

" Their government was monarchical and succes- 
sive, and mostly of the mothers' side, to prevent a 



spurious issue. Thrv eomnionly washed tbcir 
children in cold water as soon as born, ainl to make 
their limbs straight, tied them to aboard and bung 
it to their back, when they traveled ; they usually 
walked at nine months old. Their young men mar- 
ried atsi.xteen or seventeen years of age, if by that 
time they had given sufficient jtroof of their man- 
hood by a large return of skins of animals. The girls 
married at thirteen or fourteen, but stayed with 
their mothers to hoe the ground, bear burdens, 
etc., for some years after marriage. The marriagi; 
ceremony was sometimes thus : the relations and 
friends being present, the bridegroom delivered a 
bone to the bride, she an ear of Indian corn to 
him, meaning that he was to provide meat, she 
bread. 

"Some tribes were comraendably careful of their 
aged and decrepit, endeavoring to make the re- 
mains of their lives as comfortable as they could. 
It was pretty generally so, except in desperate de- 
cays ; then, indeed, as in other cases of the like 
kind, they were soiuetimes apt to neglect them. 

" The native Indians were grave, even to sadness, 
upon any common, and more so upon serious, occa- 
sions ; observant of those in company; of a tem- 
per cool and deliberate ; never in haste to speak, 
but waited for a certainty that the person who 
spoke before them had finished all he had to say. 
Their behavior in public councils was strictly de- 
cent and instructive; every one in his turn was 
heard according to rank of years. Liberty in 
its fullest extent was their ruling passion ; to 
this every other consideration was subservient. 
Their children were trained up so as to cherish 
this disposition to the utmost; they were in- 
dulged to a great degree, seldom chastised with 
blows and rarely chided. They dreaded slavery 
more than death. Companies of them frequently 
got together to feast, dance and make merry ; this 
sweetened the toils of hunting ; excepting these 
toils and the little action before described, they 
scarcely knew any." 

TjiEiR GovER^^^rENT. — A rough sort of 
communal system was the basis of Indian 
politics and government. Elach tribe held 
its lauds in oonunon, and all its males took 
part in any council that was to decide ques- 
tions pertaining to the public weal. The a<l- 
ministration of government was a matter far 
from being confided to the chiefs or sachems 
alone. Charles Thomson, secretary of tlie 
Continental Congress, whose fragmentary 
" Es.say upon Indian Affairs" is invaluable, 



14 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 



points out that a nation was composed of a 
number of tribes, families and towns united 
by relationsiiip or friendship, each having a 
particular chief. These components of the 
nation were united under a kind of federal 
government, with laws and customs by which 
they were ruled. Mr. Thomson adds — 

" Their governments, it is true, are very lax, 
except to peace and war, each individual having 
in his own hand the power of revenging injuries, 
and when murder is committed, the next relation 
having power to take revenge by putting to death 
the murderer, unless he can convince the chief's 
and the head men that he had just cause, and by 
their means cau pacify the family by a present 
and thereby put an end to the feud. The matters 
which merely regard a town or family are settled 
by the chiefs and head men of the town ; those 
which regard the tribe, by a meeting of the chiefs 
from the several towns; and those that regard the 
nation, such as the making war or concluding 
peace with the neighboring nations, are determined 
on in a national council, composed of the chiefs 
and head warriors from every tribe. Every tribe 
has a chief or head man, and there is one who pre- 
sides over the nation. In every town they have a 
council-house, where the chief assembles the old 
men and advises what is beat. In every tribe there 
is a place, which is commonly the town in which 
the chief resides, where the head men of the towns 
meet to consult on the business that concerns them ; 
and in every matter there is a grand council, or 
what they call a council fire, where the heads of 
the tribes and the chief warriors convene to de- 
termine on peace or war. In a council of a town 
all the men of the town may attend, the chief opens 
the business, and either gives his opinion of what 
is best, or takes the advice of such of the old men 
as are heads of families or most remarkable for 
prudence or knowledge. None of the young men 
are allowed or presume to speak, but the whole as- 
sembly at the end of every sentence or speech, 
if they approve it, express their approbation by a 
kind of humor noise in unison with the speaker. 
The same order is observed in the meetings or 
councils of the tribes and in the national councils." 

L.\TER History of the Delawares. — 
The declining days of the Lenni Lenape or 
Delaware Indians began with their accej^tance 
of neutrality at the dictation of the Inxjuois, 
as already alluded to. From thence onward 
they decreased in numbers and importance 



until the year 1 742, wlieii, at the instance 
of the Governor of Penusylva?iia, they 
were ordered by the Iroquois sachems to re- 
move westward from their domain in the 
Delaware Valley. How completely they were 
under subjugation to the sturdy braves of 
the Xortli, tlie form in wliich the command 
was issued to them attests. They were, when 
they ventured to remonstrate, told that they 
were women and liad no rights in the land 
except by the consent of their masters, and 
wei'e menaced with extermination if they re- 
sisted. Sadly they obeyed and removed into 
the interior of I'eunsylvania, where they were 
subsequently joined by their kindred, the 
Shawanese, from ^'irginia, and by some frag- 
ments of Maryland and other tril>es. There 
they recovered somewhat of tlieir ancient 
spirit ; they made war upon the whites, and 
after the Revolution they formed a combina- 
with Eastern and Ohio tribes, which forced 
the Iroquois to remove the stigma of neutral- 
ity and womanhood from them. 

This compulsory migration was not so 
thorough, however, but that it failed to in- 
clude some scattered bands south of Trenton, 
in this State. In 1749 Governor Belcher 
wrote that they amounted to no more than 
sixty families; but three years prior (juitc an 
alarm had been created by reports that a 
large number of Indians from the northeast 
had come into New Jersey with a view to 
stirring up tlie natives to bloodshed, or as al- 
lies of white insurgents who had organized 
to resist enforcement of the laws respecting 
land-titles. The panic was short-lived, it 
soon appearing that the errand of the stran- 
gers was to listen to Kev. Braiuerd, the fam- 
ous missionary, who was then preaching in 
Monmouth County. Among these visitors 
was the Delaware chief Teedyuscung, who 
had come down from the Susquehanna 
Valley. 

The Last Indians of New Jersey. — 
In 1755 the Indians who remained on the 
West Jersev side of tlie Delaware manifested 



THE INDIANS. 



15 



much restlessness because of irapositious upon 
tliem and the occupation by whites of lands 
which they had not sold. In 1757 laws were 
passed for their protection, but were of such 
little eifect in restoring order that from May, 
1 757, to June, 1758, twenty-seven murders 
of whites were committed in West Jersey by 
the Minisinks.' In October of the latter year 
(loveruor Hernard, through the intervention 
of Teedynscung, obtained a conference at 
pjaston, Pennsylvania, with the Indians who 
had not sold out their lands. The whole of 
tile remaining titles were then extinguished 
tor the consideration of one thousand pounds, 
except that there was reserved to the Indians 
tiie right to fish in all the rivers and bays 
south of the Raritan, and to hunt on all the 
uniuclosed lands. .V reservation of three 
thousand acres was provided for them at 
Edge Pillock, ]?urlington County, and here 
the sixty individuals, who were all that re- 
mained of the race that once possessed the 
soil, were located, and there they and their 
descendants dwelt until 1802, when they 
joined the Stockbridge tribe at New Stock- 
bridge, New York. Thirty years later a revival 
of the claim that they had not been suffi- 
ciently compensated for their ancient hunting 
and fishing privileges in New Jersey led to 
the mission of Shawuskukhkung, a Christian 
Indian, who had been educated at Princeton 
( 'ollege, and by the whites given the name of 
Bartholomew S. Calvin. He presented a 
memorial to the Legislature, which agreed to 
pay the Indians their full demand of two 
thousand dollars, although it was clear that 
the previous settlement had been intended to 
be final. In a letter to the Legislature on the 
passage of the bill, Calvin wrote, — 

'"The final act of official intercourse between the 
State of New Jersey and the Delaware Indians, 
who once owned nearly the whole of its territory, 
has now been consummated, and in a manner 
which must redound to the honor of this growing 
State, and, in all probability, to the prolongation 

' New Jersey Historical Collections, page Gl. 



of tlie existence of a wasted yet grateful people. 
I'pon this parting occasion I feel it to be an in- 
cumbent duty to bear, the feeble tribute of my 
praise to the high-toned justice which, in this in- 
stance, and, so far as I am acquainted, in all former 
times, has actuated the Councils of this Com- 
monwealth in dealing with the aboriginal inhab- 
itants. 

"Not a drop of our blood have you spilled in 
battle ; not an acre of our land have you taken but 
by our consent. These facts speak for themselves 
and need no comment. They place the character 
of New Jersey in bold relief and bright example to 
those States within whose territorial limits our 
brethren still linger. Nothing but benisons can 
full upon her from the lipsofaLenni I^enape. 
There may be some who would despise an Indian 
benediction ; but when I return to my people and 
make known to them the result of my mission, the 
ear of the (Ireat Sovereign of the universe, which 
is still open to our cry, will be penetrated with the 
invocation of blessings upon the generous sons of 
New .Tersey." 

Wamitai. — Tlic following (piotatiims 
from works i.ssued by the publishers of this 
book iire of special interest : 

" Wampum passed as current money between 
the early whites and Indians. There were two 
kinds of it, the white and purple. They were both 
worked into the form of beads, generally each 
about half an inch long and one-eighth broad, 
with a hole drilled through them so as to be strung 
on leather or hempen strings. The white was 
made out of the great conch or sea-shell, and the 
purple out of the inside of the mussel shell. These 
beads, after being strung, were woven by the wo- 
men into belts, sometimes broader than a person's 
hand and about two feet long. It was these that 
were given and received at their various treaties as 
seals of friendship ; in matters of less importance 
only a single string was given. Two pieces of 
white wampum were considered to equal in value 
one of the purple." — " Hi.itonj of Montc/omn-ij 
Omiifij:' 

" There is enough concurrent testimony to war- 
rant the conclusion that the original purpose of 
wampum was exclusively mnemonic. It was a 
sort of »i«Ho;v'a teclmica, like the knotted cords of 
the ancient Peruvians, and doubtless, if the Indi- 
ans had had intelligence to word it out, a system 
of written language could have been constructed 
of wampum bead figures as exi)ressive as that of a 
single code and more serviceable than the Runic 
arrow-head writing of the Northmen. Wampum 



1(1 



HISTOUr OF CA^rrEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



was given not only as a present and a conrteons 
reminder, but also as a threat and a warning. 
Thus, when, at Lancaster, Pa., in 1747, the chiefs 
of the Five Nations forbade the Lenapes to sell 
any more land and ordered them to remove to the 
interior, they emphasized the command by hand- 
ing them a belt. As money, its use came about in 
this way : It was a memorandum of exchange, of 
business transactions. Pa.ssyuud, of the Munsis, 
agreed to let his daughter marry the son of Se- 
canee, of the Unamis, and to give with her a 
dowry of .so many beaver skins, in return for which 
Secanee's son was to hunt so many days for Passy- 
und. How liind the bargain and prove it? By 
making a mutual note of it in the exchange of 
wampum. That particular belt or string vouched 
for that particular transaction. Menanee, on the 
Allegheny, agrees to sell to Tamanee, on the Del- 
aware, a dozen buflalo robes for forty fathoms of 
duffle, with buttons, thread and red cloth to orna- 
ment. A belt is exchanged to prove the transac- 
tion. But that cannot be completed until the 
goods are exchanged. The next step is easy : to 
put a certain fixed value on each bead, so that 
when Tamanee pays a belt to Menanee for his 
robes, Menanee can at once hand the belt over to 
the trader who has the goods and get from him the 
duffle and the trimmings. Viewed in this light, 
wami)um takes rank as an instrument of a-s various 
and important uses as any ever employed by man. 
It is as if the rosary of the pious Catholic were 
suddenly invested witli the powers of a historical 
monument, a diplomatic memorandum and a busi- 
ness ' stub ' book, a short-hand inscription system 
which is equally understood by tribes of every 
variety of language and dialect, a currency of uni- 
form value and universal circulation in the ex- 
change of a continent, a bank of deposit, a jewelry 
and personal ornament, all in one. There is no 
parallel instance in all the economic history of 
mankind of an article so utterly useless and value- 
less in itself acquiring such a wide and multifari- 
ous range of derivative values and uses."— " //w- 
fiirij (if Phil'idrf/ihiii." 



Indian Autographs. — The following are 
characteristic specimens of Indian autographs, 




EARLY rOLONTAT, FTTSTORY, 



17 



r H A P T E K III. 

EARLY COI.ONIAI, HISTORY. 

The First Navigators — Royal firanis — Settlements of 
the Dutch, the Swedes and the English — New .Ter- 
eey Established — Division of the Province into East 
and West Jersey. 

England, Holland and Sweden each hore 
a part in the discovery and colonization of 
New Jersey, and their claims so overlapped 
each other that bloodshed and diplomatic 
complications marked the progress of events 
from the first attenjpt at settlement within 
the province, in 1623, nntil its final conquest 
l>y the English, in 1(>64. The forty years 
intervening witnessed the coming of people 
representing three different nations, the 
conversion of the proprietorship of mnch of 
the land from the Indians to the whites, the 
founding of towns on either bank of the 
Delaware and the laying of the foundation 
of the civilization and enlightenment that 
now prevails. The English claim to the 
possession of this territory grew out of tiie 
voyages of John and Sebastian Cabot, who, 
acting under commission from Henry VII., 
sailed along the coast from Newfoundland to 
about the latitude of Cape Hatteras in HOT- 
OB. They bore the I'oyal authority to plant 
the banner of England on any undiscovered 
lands, and occupy them in the name of the 
crown, but as they took no steps towards 
planting a colony to establish English du- 
ininion, the way was thus left open for tlie 
conflict of claims to the .sovereignty of the 
territory that subsequently occurred, although 
the English position was sought to be 
affirmed in the New England and Virginia 
patents of King James I. 

The DiTtH. — ^The next claim in the 
order of time was that of the 'Dutch. Uu 
August 2S, 1609, Henry Hudson, an English 
seaman in the service of the Dutch East 
India Company, entered the mouth of Dela- 
ware Bay, but ditl not sail up it because of 
finding shallow water and sand-bars, which 



he thought rendered navigation unsafe. He 
was, therefore, the discoverer of this estuary 
of the ocean, as well as of New York Rav 
and tlic Hudson Eiver, and it was upon his 
achievements that the Dutch very justly 
based their claim to the regions binding upon 
the North (Hudson) River and the Delaware, 
or, as they termed it, the Zuydt (South) River.' 
Hudson's report of his expedition up the 
Delaware was not calculated to cau.se the 
Dutch to turn their commercial eye toward 
this region, and all their enterprise in this 
direction was turned toward Manhattan. 
Captain C^ornelis Hendrick sailed up the bay 
in 1615-16 and encountered some of the 




HENRY HUnSON. 

Minaqua Indians in the neighborhood of 
Christiana, from whom he purchased some 
furs. This was the beginning of the trade 
that was soon to induce the colonization of 
the river-shores. The Dutch States-General 

' The Dutch claim to what is now New Jersey was 
further increased by the voyages of Captain Block and 
Captain Jacobse Mey. When they rendered an account 
of their discoveries, the company by whom they had 
been employed caused a full report of the voyages, 
with a map of the countries that had been explored, to 
be laid before the States-General, with an application 
for the privileges allowed in the late edict of the State 
to all discoverers. Accordingly, on the 1 1th of October, 
1B14, a special grant was made in favor of the ccmipany. 
They were to have the exclusive right to vi.sit the lands 
and navigate the streams described, ".situate in America 
between Sew France and Virginia, the sea-coasts of 
which lie between tlie fortieth and forty-Hfth degrees of 
latitude, and whicli iire now named New Netherland." 



18 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



iu 1621 chartered the West India Company, 
with especial commercial privileges, and in 
1623 this corporation dispatched a ship under 
command of Captain C^jrnelius Jacobse Mey, 
with settlers fully provided with means of 
subsistence, and a large stock of articles for 
traffic with the red men. He landed some 
of his people on the Hudson, and with tlie 
remainder entered the Delaware, and it is 
from him that Cape May takes its name.' 

Mey fixed upon a place for a settlement 
at Hermaoraissing, at the mouth of the 8as- 
sackson, the most northerly branch of the 
Gloucester River, or Timber Creek, " from 
the great quantities of curious timber," says 
Gabriel Thomas, " which they send in great 
floats to Philadelphia." (?) Here he built a 
stockade of logs and named it " Fort Nas- 
sau," iu honor of a town in the circle of the 
Upper Rhine, iu Germany. This was the 
first atten]|it to establish a settlement upon 
the eastern bank of the Delaware and in 
West New Jersey.'' 

A body of men remained at Fort Nassau 
to carry on trade with the natives, but cotem- 
porarv records are almost a blank as to their 
history while there. It is probable that the 
fort was alternately occupied or deserted as 
the demands of trade required. In a legend- 
ary channel the information is couveyed that 
Mey succeeded in opening intercourse with 
the natives and that the communication be- 
tween them was such as to give rise to feel- 
ings of cimfidence and kindness. 

In 1633 De Vries found the Indians in pos- 
session of the post. The Walloons, whom they 
had placed there, had returned to Manhattan, 
(New York), having been taken off by one 
of the vessels which the Dutch annually sent 
around from New York Bay. Van Twiller, 

'Dr. Mulford's " History of New Jersey" makes it 
appear that about the time of Hendrick's voyage to the 
Delaware, Mey made a similar trip from New Amster- 
dam, and then named the Cape. Imt there is no evidenee 
that he landed at any point, and he certainly iiiiide no 
attempt to found a settlement. 

'' See history of Gloucester City. 



then the Governor of the New Netherlands, 
restored the fort and was accused of incur- 
ring extravagant expenses in this reconstruc- 
tion. The Dutch made some use of it for 
trading [)urposes until 1650 or 165L, when 
they concluded that it was too far up the 
river to be of much value and so destroyed 
the stockades and buildings, Vau Twiller 
ordering Commis.sary ArentCorssen to .select 
the site for another structure on the river. 
In 1635 it was attacked by the English, who 
failed to capture it from its vigorous Dutch 
defenders. The Swedes repeatedly denied 
that the Dutch had any fort on the Delaware 
in 1638, but against their assertions can be 




iiA\iii i'n:ii:i!^i\ I'l: \ kies. 



placed the Dutch accounts of expenditure 
for the maintenance of Fort Na.ssau charged 
for that year in the West India Company's 
books. There was certainly enough of a 
garrison in the fort to repiirt at once and pro- 
test against the Swedish settlement at Chris- 
tiana in April, 1638. Four years later the 
garrison consisted of twenty men and the 
fort was continually occu|)icd thenceforwitrd 
until the Dutch destroyed it. 

The exact site of this historic jilace is not 
determinable 'and the original Indian name 
of the spot cannot be given, but among the 
tribes who surrounded it were the Arwames, 
who hunted game and took fish where are 
now the towus and farms of Camden County. 

The claims of tli(> Hollanders upon West 



EARLY COLONIAL HISTOKV. 



19 



New Jei>ey was wt'akt'iu'tl l)ecatise tliey lia<l 
more important business to attend to. The 
I'nr trade of the Delaware had dwindled into 
insignificance in comparison with the splen- 
did spoils of" conquest upon the sea and in 
South America. The AVest India Company 
in two years paid a dividend of" fifty per 
cent, from the capture by its ships, which 
were duly commissioned as men-of-war, of 
Spanish silver-laden galleons. It was the 
era of Dutch supremacy on the ocean ; the 
era also in which the canny and brave Hol- 
landers invaded South America and, after the 
capture of Bahia and Pernambiico, in Bra- 
zil, aspired to the conquest of the whole 
continent. The neglect to cultivate the field 
open to them on the Delaware brought 
al)out very momentous consequences, one of 
which was no less than the entrance of the 
Swedes. William Usselincx, the founder of 
the company, was one of its very few mem- 
bers who did not lose sight of the rich op- 
portunities on the Delaware in the successes 
of Dutch victories elsewhere. He made a 
failure in endeavoring to bring his business 
associates to his way of thinking, and in 
ltj'24 he abandoned them, and, transferring 
his field of endeavor to Stockholm, inspired 
that wise statesman, King Uustavus Adol- 
plius, of Sweden, with the idea of forming a 
Swedish West India Company. 

Yet all the .sagacity did not depart from 
Holland when Usselincx went to visit the 
Swedish King. John De Laet, Killian A'an 
Rensselaer, Samuel Godyn, Samuel Bloni- 
niaert and other rich men^iants of Amster- 
dam had received word from Isaac Do Ra- 
sieres, secretary to Peter Minuet, predecessor 
of Van Twiller as Governor of the New 
Netherlands, that while the Dutch were 
being compelled, through fear of the Indians, 
to concentrate at New Amsterdam (New 
York), there was a chance for a vast land 
speculation on the Zuydt River. They se- 
cured from the States-General a feudal con- 
stitution, which gave them great privileges of 



land acquisition outside of Maiihatlan Island, 
and they f"ormed an agreement l)y which 
Godyn and Blomuiaert became the proprie- 
tors of a tract of land thirty-two miles long 
and two miles deep, "from Cape Hculopen 
to the mouth of a river." They took into 
partnership David i'ietersen De Vries, and 
in 1031 sent Captain Heyes to the Delaware 
in the ship " Walrus." The latter established 
on the Horekill Creek, where the town of 
Lewes now stands, a colony called Swanuen- 
dael (the N'alley of Swans), and constructed 
Fort Oplandt for their protection. Heyes 
placed Gilliss Hossett in command, and 
then, crossing to the Jersey shore, bought 
from ten chiefs there, on behalf of the Godyn 
and Blommaert .syndicate, a block of terri- 
tory extending twelve miles northward along 
the bay from Cape May, and the same dis- 
tance inland. In May, 1632, De Vries was 
ready to set sail fi'om the Texel for the Del- 
aware, when the news was brought him that 
the garrison of Fort Oplandt, some thirty 
men, had been massacred by the Indians. 
Arriving otf SwannendacI in the following 
December, he found it utterly destroyed, and 
the remains of men and cattle mingled with 
the charred fragments of the block-house and 
palisade. He was told that an Indian chief 
had stolen the Dutch coat-of-arms, ei-ected in 
front of the f"ort ; that, to appea.se the whites, 
the Indians had brought them tiie head of 
the robber, and that the tribe, of which he 
was a member, had slaughtered the colonists 
in revenge. De Vries' journal demonstrates 
that he placed no confidence in this story, 
i>ut explained the massacre by attributing to 
the Dutch shocking perfidy and cruelty in 
their dealings with the Indians, and in the 
treatment of their .squaws, that had provoked 
the latter to inflict a fearful punishment.' 
De Vries accepted this melancholy and 

' AcooriUng lo .'\crelius and UiulorUunck, the garri- 
son remaining in Fort Nassau were also massacred by 
the Indians when tliey slaughtered the people at Fort 
Oplandt. 



20 



HISTOr.Y OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NKW JERSEY. 



.sanguinary event as terminating for the time 
being all schemes of colonization on the Del- 
aware, but he did what he could to restore 
confidence by negotiating the first treaty of 
peace ever concluded with the Indians and 
propitiating them with gifts. Trading with 
them for furs as he advanced, he, on January 
10, 163.'5, cast anchor on the bar of Jacques 
Eylandt (Windmill Island), opposite where 
the city of Camden is now built. For much 
of the winter his ship was held in the river 
by the ice, and when released, in March, he 
ran down the coast to Virginia, and then re- 
turning to the Delaware, embarked his com- 
patriots along its shores and turned the prow 
of his vessel homeward. Thus was relin- 
quished the Dutch enterpri.se of colonization 
on this .stream, and Indian possession of it 
remained unbroken until the Swedes came, 
in 1638, except for the occasional occupancy 
of Fort Nassau by trading parties who came 
southward from Manhattan. There remained 
nothing to show for the ambitious eiforts of 
the West India Company except what little 
profit had been made in the trade in furs. 

The Swedes.— Upon the settlement of 
the Swedes at Tinicum, under Governor 
John Printz, a few families cros.sed to the 
east side of the river and made a settlement 
called Elfsburg, now in Elsinboro' towusliip, 
Salem County. Another settlement was 
made on Raccoon Creek, in filouoe.ster Coun- 
ty, where now the village of Swedesboro' 
stands. This settlement became the chief 
post on the east side of the Delaware. It 
grew and prospered, antl its people purchased 
titles to the lands of the proprietors under 
the grant to the Duke of York. A few 
tamiiies of Swedes also settled at the mouth 
of Woodbury Ci'eek, but they remained there 
only a few years. 

In the limits of what is now Camden 
County a few Swedes settled and remained 
for a short time at Fort Eriwomac, after its 
abandonment by the adherents of Sir Ed- 
mund Ployden, and from that time to the 



occupancy of the territory under the grant 
to the Duke of York, March 12, 1664, it 
remained in the possession of the Indians. 
A few Swedes remained in the lower part 
of Gloucester County. 

The English. — The occupancy of West 
Jersey by the Engli.sh was under Sir Edmund 
Ployden, who, June 21, 1634, received a let- 
ter from Charles I., ICing of England, for 
all that territory lying between New Eng- 
land and Maryland. In this, as in most 
early grants, no regard was paid to previous 
claims, and in 1664 it was entirely ignored 
by the King in the grant to the Duke of 
York. 

The government of the territory under 
the grant to Ployden was vested in him, and 
he styled it the province of New Albion. 
Some of his friends, among whom were Cap- 
tain Young, Robert Evelyn and thirteen 
traders, left England soon after the grant 
was obtained,' and sailed for the new territory. 
They came up the Delaware River and landed 
at the mouth of Pensaukin Creek (now 
in Stockton township, Camden County), 
where were living a few families of Indians 
under a chief by the name of Eriwomac. At 
this place a fort was built, which was named 
Fort Eriwomac, where the settlers remained 
four years, expecting that Ployden would 
.send over to them a colony of settlers. In 
the meantime he formed a government in 
England to take po.ssession of the province. 
A colony, in 1636, .sailed up the Delaware 
River about sixty miles, to near what is now 
the town of Salem, and settled there. 

A numljer of " Knights and Gentlemen " 
chose Beauchamp Plantagenet to select a 
site for them to establish a colony in New 
Albion, and they were combined with Ploy- 
den U> raise the energies of the latter's com- 
pany. To excite the greater interest, an 
order of knighthood was instituted, which 
should have for one of its objects the con- 
version of the Indians to Christianity. Their 
title was " The Albion Knights of the Con- 



EAHLY COLONIAL HLSTORY. 



21 



version of tlie Twenty-tliree Kings," tlie 
designation having reference to the nnmLer 
of Indian chiefs supposed to exercise sway 
in the province. But this ambitious project 
came to naught, and PKjyden and Plaiitagenet 
made no second visit to tiie Palatinate, as 
New Albion was officially styled. Their 
operations are by no means clearly recorded, 
but wiiat is positively known of them in- 
vests them with a fascination for students of 
the secrets of history. 

The .settlers at Fort Kriwomac became 
disheartened in waiting for the earl, and 
after four years abandoned the fort and 
settled above and below it,' along the shores 
of the Delaware. 

Evelyn soon returned to England and 
wrote a glow'ing acvount of the country, 
urging the earl to visit the country and 
take with him " three hundred men or more, 
as there is no doubt but that he may doe 
very well and grow rich." Plantagenet 
laid out the territory on the banks of the 
Delaware into manors and named them 
VVatcessit. The manor embracing what is 
now Salem County was chosen and set apart 
for the earl. It was described by Plantag- 
enet as being on " the Manteses plain, which 
Master Evelyn voucheth to be twenty miles 
broad and thirty long, and fifty miles 
washed by two fair navigable rivers, of three 
hundred thousand acres fit to plow and 
sow corn, tobacco, fiax and rice, the four 
staples of Albion." Three miles from 
Wateessit lay the domain of Lady Barl)ara, 
Baroness of Richneek, adjoining Cotton 
River (Alloway's Creek), " so named of six 
iiundred pound of cotton wilde on tree grow- 
ing." The historian of Albion added that 
this property wa.s "of twenty- four miles 
compasse, of wood, huge timber trees, and 
two feet black mould, much desired by the 
Virginians to plant tobacco." The earl 
came to the manor in 1641 and remained 

't-ee history ol Stockton toWDsbip. 



here with him, and they '' marched, lodged 
and cabinned together among the Indians" 
for seven years. When he published his 
book, in 1648, it was with the object of 
furthering a project for the emigration of 
the " viscounts, barons, baronets, knights, 
gentlemen, merchants, adventurers and 
jiianters of the hopeful colony," wlio had 
bound themselves in England to .settle three 
thousand able, trained men in the Palatine's 
domain. But they failed to fulfill their con- 
tracts, perhaps because in the convulsions at 
home that were forerunners of the execution 
of Charles I. and the establishment of the 
Protectorate under Cromwell, enterprises in 
the New World were dwarfed out of sight. 
Nothing more is known of Ployden and New 
Albion, for a new class of contestants was 
about to fill the stage. 

New Jersey Established. — The Duke 
of York, on casting about for court favorites 
high in rank and wealth to whom to assign 
some fra(;tions of the territorial succession 
made him by thecrown, selected Lord Berkeley 
and Sir George Carteret, to whom he convey- 
ed tlie laud specified as follows : 

"This indenture made the three and twentieth 
day of June, in the sixteenth year of the Raigne 
of our Sovereign Lord Charles the Second, by the 
Grace of God of England, Scotland, France and 
Ireland, King, Defender of the faith — Anno 
Domine 16(54. Between his Royal Highness James 
Duke of York and Albany, Earl of Ulster, Lord 
High Admiral of England and Ireland, (Nonstable 
of Dover Castle, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, 
and Governor of Portsmouth of the one part ; 
John Lord Berkeley, Baron of Stratton, and one 
of his Majestie's most honorable Privy Council; 
and Sir George Carteret of Sattrum, in the county 
of Devon, Knight, and one of his Majestie's most 
honorable Privy Council, of the other part, Wit- 
nesseth that said James Duke of York, for and in 
consideration of the sum of ten shillings of lawful 
money of England, to him in hand paid, by these 
presents doth bargain and sell unto the said John 
Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, all that 
tract of land adjacent to New England, and lying 
and being to the westward of Long Island : Bound- 
ed on the east part by the main sea, and part by 
Hudson's River, and hath upon the west Delaware 



22 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTV. NEW JERSEY. 



Bay or River, and exteiideth soutlnvaid to the 
main ocean as far as Cape May, at the mouth of 
the Delaware Bay, and to the northward as far as 
the northernmost branch of said Bay or River 
of Delaware, which is in forty-one degrees and 
forty minutes of latitude, and worketh over tlience 
a straight line to Hudson's River — which said tract 
of land is hereafter to be called by the name or names 
of Nova Ca?sareaor New Jersey." 

The name was given in honor of Sir 
George Carteret, who in 1649 was Governor 
of tiie Isle of Jersey, and had made a most 
gallant defense of it for the Royalists. He 
was treasurer of the navy and vice-chamber- 
lain of the King's household under the 
Restoration. Being detected in peculation, 
he was eventually expelled from the House 
of Commons in 1669. 

The grant to Berkeley and Carteret was a 
conveyance of the powers of government as 
well as of the rights of property, and they 
thus became rulers as well as owners of the 
country. On February lU, 1664, they issued 
the first Constitution of New Jersey, which 
continued in force until the province was di- 
vided, in 1676. It was entitled '• The Con- 
cession and Agreement of the Lords Propri- 
etors of the Province of New Caisarea or New 
Jersey to and w-ith all and every of the ad- 
venturers and all such as shall settle or plant 
there." It provided for a government com- 
posed of a Governor and Council and 
General Assembly. The Governor was ap- 
pointed by the Proprietors and he selected 
six Councillors at least or twelve at most, or 
any even number between six and twelve. 
These constituted the General A.ssembly, with 
the addition of a representative body to l>e 
chosen by the jjeople, as follows : So soon as 
the proprietors' commission should be re- 
ceived in the province, a writ should be is- 
sued by the Governor for the election of 
twelve deputies by such inhabitants as were 
freemen or the chief agents of others. Hut 
so soon as parishes or other divisions of the 
pi*ovin(;e should be made, the inhabitants or 
freeholders of the several divisions should by 



writ meet on each 1st of January and choo.se 
freeholders for each respective division, to be 
deputies or representatives of the same, which 
body of representatives, or a major part of 
them, should, with the Governor and the 
Council, compose the General Assembly. 
Of the general scope of the form of govern- 
ment thus set up. Dr. Mulford, in his " His- 
tory of New Jersey," says, — 

" It embodied many of the principles which be- 
long to the most liberal institutions. It gave 
entire exemption to the people from all taxation, 
except .such as their representatives should as- 
sent to, and as a further security of property, it 
gave to the Assembly the full control over all 
the expenditures of government. Freedom of 
conscience and worship was secured to every one 
who should conduct himself as a peaceable citi- 
zen. The lands of the province were distributed 
to the settlers for a quit-rent of half a penny per 
acre, not to be paid until 1670. Justice was to be 
administered by tribunals erected under popular 
authority, and an additional security against the 
arbitrary exercise of power was given by the con- 
cession of an unlimited privilege of appeal or pe- 
tition. . . . By the increase of numbers in the 
representative branch of the General Assembly 
the popular element would have finally acquired a 
degree of strength that must have given it a con- 
trolling intiuence, but the actual working of the 
plan did not entirely agree with its general the- 
ory." 

iSiinidtaneousiy with signing tlie " Conces- 
sions," the jjroprietors appoiutefl Philip Cart- 
eret, a brother of Sir George, Governor of 
New Jersey, and in August, 1665, he landed 
at a place to which he gave the name of 
Elizabeth, in honor of his sister-in-law, 
Lady Carteret. 'i'his was the first perma- 
nent settlement in the province. He found 
trouble on his hands at the moment of his 
arrival. Colonel Nicholls, who had been 
l)laced in charge of aflairs at New York by 
the Duke of York, had already exerted au- 
thority over New Jersey, which he had 
named Albania, and under his plan of settle- 
ment, parties had ac(|uired from the Indians 
titles to the Elizabethtown tract and the 
Monmouth patent, which later was the fouu- 



EARLY COLONIAL HISTORY 



23 



(lation of Middletuwii iiiul Shrewsburv. He 
entertained exalted notions of what lie might 
accomplish in " Albania '' and argued flu- 
ently with the dnke for the revocation of the 
Berkeley and Carteret grant, and while he was 
compelled to surrender New Jersey, he sowed 
the seeds of ultimate dissension and confu- 
sion, but he could not prevent Phili]i Carteret 




MILES K 
BOI^NPARY MAP OF EAST AXP WEST .lEESEY. 

from taking possession of the new settlement. 
Elizabethtown was made the ca]>ital of the 
colony ; Newark was founded ; flourishing 
hamlets appeare<l on the shores of the bay as 
far south as Sandy Hook. 

From July ^0, 167;5, to February 9, l(i74, 
New Jersey was again in the possession of 
the Dutch, in consequence of the surrender 
of New York to the Dutch fleet. They had 
just put a government in Achter Kol, as 



they named the province, on a working basis 
when the treaty of peace between England 
and Holland restored the country to the 
former. King Charles II. issued a m w 
patent to the Duke of York, covering liic 
same territory as that of Ujljo, and the duke 
executed a new conveyance t<i Sir (icorge 
( 'arteret, Lord Berkeley having, on ]\Iarcii 1 S, 
lfi73, sold the whole of his right and title to 
the ])rovince. But just previous to making 
the deed to Carteret, the duke gave a com- 
mission to Edmund Andros as fiovernor of 
the whole country from " the west side of 
Connecticut Eiver to the east side of I>('la- 
ware Bay;" and tliis duplicity ot' the 




WILLIAM TENN S COAT OF ARMS. 

duke's, the exactions of Andros and the 
sale made by Berkeley gave rise to much 
trouble. Carteret defended his claim against 
Andros, but Berkeley sold his interest in New 
Jer.sey to John Fenwick, to be held in trust 
for Edward Byllynge. 

I^hilip Carteret, in l(i71, resumed the gov- 
ernment of the province. He was opposed 
in every act by Andros, who kept the colony 
in an uproar. Carteret was finally arrested 
and taken to New York for trial. In the 
mean time Byliinge made an assignment of 
his ])roperty to William I'enn, ( iawen Laui-ie 
and Nicholas Lucas, who were ])rominent mem- 
bers of the Society of Friends in England. 



24 



HISTOHY OF PAAIPEX COFNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Penn and his associates applied to 8ir George 
Carteret anrl secured assent for a division of 
New Jersey so tiiatthe interests of the Friends 
and that of Carteret would be separate. The 
line of division was drawn from the south- 
ern point of land on the east side of Little 
Egg Harbor to a point on the Delaware in 
the latitude of forty-one degrees and forty 
minutes. The part east of the line remained 
to Sir George Carteret as sole proprietor and 
was named " East New Jersey." The part 
lying between the line and the Delaware was 
called " West New Jersey " and passed under 
the control of William Peun and his associ- 
ates. 

Governors of NE^^ .Iersev — Chrono- 
logical List. 

GOVER>'«JRS OF EAST JERSEY. 

Philip Carteret 1665 to I118I 

Robert Berkeley 1682 to 168.=) 

Thomas Rudyard, Deputy-Gov 1683 

Gawen Lawrie 1683 

LordNiel Campbell 168.5 

Andrew Hamilton 1692 to 1697 

.leremiah Basse 1698 to 1699 

GOVERNORS OF WEST JERSEY. 

Samuel Jennings, Deputy 16S1 

Thomas Oliver, Governor 1684 to 168.") 

John Skein, Deputy 168.5 to 1687 

William Welsh, Deputy 1686 

Daniel Coxe 1687 

Andrew Hamilton 1692 to 1697 

Jeremiah Basse, Deputy 1697 to 1699 

Andrew Hamilton, Governor 1699 till surrender 
to the Crown in 1702. 

EAST AND WEST JERSEY UNITEP. 

Lord John Cornbury, Gov 1703 to 1708 

John Lovelace (died in office) 1708 

Richard Ingolsby, Lieut.-Gov 1709 to 1710 

Gen. Andrew Hunter 1710 to 1720 

William Burnet 1720 to 1727 

.Tohn Montgomery 1728 to 1731 

Lewis Morris 1731 to 1732 

William Crosby 1732 to 1736 

John Hamilton 17.36 to 1738 

The above were also (4(ivernors of New York at 
the same time. 

SKl'ARATi; Iliu.M MCW VoKK. 

LewisMorris 1738 to 1746 



John Hamilton 1746 to 1747 

.lonathan Belcher 1747 to 1757 

John Reading 1757 to 17.58 

Francis Barnard 17.58 to 1760 

Thomas Boone 1760 to 1761 

Thomas Hardy 1761 to 1763 

William Franklin 1763 to 1766 



REVOLUTIONARY AND STATE liOVERNMEN 

William Livingston 1776 to 

William Patterson 1790 to 

Richard Howell 1792 to 

John Lambert, Vice-Pres. of Council 1802 to 

.loseph Bloomfield ...' 1803 to 

Aaron Ogden 1812 to 

AVilliam S. Pennington 1813 to 

Malilon Dickerson 1815 to 

Isaac H. Williamson 1817 to 

<Tarret D. Wall (declined'! 

Peter D. Vroom 1829 to 

Samuel Southard 1832 to Feb., 

Elias P. Seeley 1833 to 

Peter D. Vroom 1835 to 

Philemon Dickerson 1836 to 

William Pennington 1837 to 

Daniel Haines 1843 to 

I'XDER NEW fONSTITfTION. 

Charles C. Stratton 1845 to 

Daniel Haines 1848 to 

George F. Fort 1851 to 

Rodman M.Price 1854 to 

William A. Newell 18.57 to 

Charles S. Olden 1860 to 

.Joel Parker 1863 to 

Marcus L. Ward 1866 to 

Theodore F. Randolph 1869 to 

Joel Parker 1872 to 

Joseph D. Bedle 1875 to 

Gen. George B. McClellan 1878 to 

George C. Ludlow 1881 to 

Leon Abbett 1884 to 



T. 

1790 
1792 
1801 
1803 
1812 
1813 
1815 
1817 
1829 
1829 
1832 
1833 
1834 
18.36 
1837 
1843 
1844 



184S 
1851 
1854 
1857 
1860 
1863 
1866 
1868 
1872 
1875 
1878 
18S1 
1SS4 
1X87 



CHAPTER TV. 

THE KRIEXP.S IX WEST JER.SEY. 

Nearly all of the people who lived on the 
territory now embraced within the county of 
Camden and of the most part of West Jersey, 
for one hundred yearsafter the first settlement 
was made, were members of the Society of 




n^a- 



(ThF, UlKK (IF YoKK — JaMKS II.) 



-UBTd 



(iSlK (;E<)K<iK CAKTARKT.) 
(SlE John BKKKliLEV, I'UOPR. 





•y^. 



(Sir EiiJUNii Axuros.) 
(Edwafp Byllynce, I'RKrR.) 



LfA^ ■ (c>^^r^^^^^/ 



/ 



(Thomas Codrin(;t()n, Propr.) 



d9W/ 




T 



Gov. P. Carteret. 




(EpWAKfi Hyue, Lord Viscount CoRXBi-RY.) 



(Gov. KOBERT BaRTLAY.) 




(Lord Neill Campbell 




(KOUERT VAlTtiUELLIX, PrOPR.) 



26 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Friends. They were the representative people 
of the western division of the colony and 
for many years controlled the TiSgislativp 
Assembly. Their history in this province, as 
well as in that of Pennsylvania, is franght with 
much interest and instruction. 

The' Society. OF Friends, or Quakers, 
arose in England about the middle of the sev- 
enteenth century, a time of considerable reli- 
gious excitement, when the honest-hearted were 
aroused hy the general prevalence of vice and 
immorality in which the King and court were 
but examples. The term Quaker ()".e., Trembler) 
was first used in 1650, and was given to the 
Friends in derision by Justice Bennet. of 
Derby, because George Fox, the founder of 
the society, bade him and his companions to 
tremble at the word of the Lord. Its ap[>li- 
cation was further induced by the fact that 
some of the early preachers and others trem- 
bled violently when under strong religious 
exercise. They even accepted the name 
Quaker, so far as to style themselves " the 
people called Quakers " in all official docu- 
ments intended for puV)lication to the world 
at large. The early form of marriage cer- 
tificates contained the expression " the people 
of God called Quakers," but in 1734 the 
Yearly Meeting for Pennsylvania and New- 
Jersey agreed " that ye words ' of God ' and 
' called Quakers ' be left out of that form for 
the future." In 1806 the expression was 
changed to the " religious society of Friends." 
Some of their principal characteristics, as 
differing from other professing Christians, 
wa.s in opposition to all wars, oaths and a 
paid ministry, or grace of God, which is. 
given to every man as a guide to salvation. 
Cireorge Fox says, moreover, " When the Lord 
sent me forth into the world, he forbade me 
to put off my hat to any one, high or low, 
and I was required to thee and thou all n^en 
and women, without any respect to rich or 
poor, great or small, and this made tlic sex 
and professions to rage, but the Lord's power 
carried me over all to His glory, and many 



came to be turned to God in a little time, 
for the heavenly day of the Lord sprang 
from on high and broke forth apace." 

For refusing to pay titiies in England, the 
goods of Friends were taken to many times 
the value; for absence from the national 
worship twenty pounds per month was im- 
posed, and when brought before the courts, 
the oath of allegiance was tendered to them 
as a pretext, upon their refusal to disobey the 
injunction " swear not at all," for the impo- 
sition of further penalties. Meetings of the 
Friends were broken up, and in many cases 
they were shamefully abused. The sober, 
upright lives of Friends were a constant re- 
proach, and aroused the hatred of many 
around them. It is probable that fully one- 
half of their sufferings were due to this 
cause, as their persecutors certainly cared lit- 
tle for religion. 

In 1659 a petition was presented to Parlia- 
ment, signed by one hundred and sixty-foi'.r 
Friends, offering their own bodies, person for 
person, to lie in prison instead of such oi' their 
brethren as were under confinement and in 
danger as of theii- lives therefrom. More 
than two hundred and fifty died in prison, 
and while some in England were sentenced to 
banishment, it was only in New England 
that a few were hung and others had their 
ears cut off. 

Their Emigration to America. — Per- 
secutions were continued with more or less 
severity until the accession of William and 
Mary to the throne of England, when an act 
of toleration was pjissed in 1689. Prior to 
this, however, many Friends had sought a 
home for religious liberty in M;issachusetts, 
Long Island and New Jersey, and when 
William Peini established his colony, in 1682, 
it was but natural that a large number 
should have been attracted thitiier. The first 
settlement of Friends in New Jersey was at 
Salem in 1676, and at Burlington in 1678. 

A few of the early settlers within the 
present limits of Camden Comity c*une here 



THE FRIENDS IN WEST JERSEY. 



from Burlington settlement, and from that 
source obtained authority for the organization 
of their religious meetings.' 

The little notice taken of the interests of 
William Penn in New Jersey and of his con- 
nection with the initiatory steps for colonizing 
the territory and establishing a form of gov- 
ernment, is a noticeable feature in the writ- 
ings of his biographers. This may be ac- 
counted for by the willingness of his admir- 
ers to subordinate everything to his success- 
ful efforts ill founding a colony of his own, 
which soon overshadowed the sparse settle- 
ments on the east side of the Delaware River, 
which had been planted by and were under 
the patronage of John Fenwick. It was more 
than seven years before he received the grant 
for Pennsylvania that Penn became interested 
in the effort to establish in America a colony 
where Friends could enjoy with freedom the 
dictates of their conscience. 

' Plans of KrcaxiZation. — The orgauization luul 
subordination of the Meetings of Friends are as follows : 
One or more Meetings for worship constitute one Pre- 
parative Meeting ; one or more Preparative Meetings 
constitute one Monthly Meeting ; several Monthly Meet- 
ings constitute one Quarterly Meeting ; several Quarterly 
meetings constitute one Vearly Meeting, which is an in- 
dependent body; yet the ditl'erent Yearly M«etings 
maintain more or less of corresponilence with each 
other. 

The Preparative Meetings are held monthly, and 
generally in the month prior to the regular Monthly 
Meetings, for the preparation of reports and other busi- 
ness to be presented thereat. The Monthly Meetings 
are the principal executive brancli of the Society for the 
exercise of the discipline over members. Regular and 
voluminous reports of the proceedings are recorded, as 
well as records of births, deaths and marriages. " In- 
dulged " Meetings for staled periods are held by sanc- 
tion of Monthly Meetings; but all Meetings subordinate 
to are established permanently by authority of the 
Quarterly Meetings, and these in turn by the Vearly 
meeting. 

The first Meeting established in what is now Camden 
County was the old Xewlon Meeting. There are at 
present four meetings in the county, — Haddontield 
Meeting, Newton Meeting and Hicksite Friends' Meet- 
ings in Haddontield and in Camden. Sketches of each 
of them are given in the history of the places in which 
they y re situated. 



When Lord Berkeley (on March 18, 1<)7;5), 
as mentioned in the preceding chapter, con- 
veyed to John Fenwick his individual moi- 
ety of New Jersey, for reasons which do not 
appear, the right was questioned by the cretl- 
itors of Edward Byllyuge, a brewer of West- 
minster, Loudon, at that time in.solvent, they 
suspecting that Edward Byllynge h:id paid 
for the grant with money justly due to them. 
After much controversy between John Fen- 
wick, Edward Byllynge and Edward Byl- 
lynge's creditor.s, William Penn was called 
upon to act as arbitrator; who, after careful 
examination and inquiry, decided that John 
Fenwick was entitled to but ten parts, and 
that he (Fenwick) should convey the ninety 
parts of said territory to such persons as 
should be chosen as trustees for the benefit 
of Edward Byllynge's creditors. Thecreditors, 
who were mostly Friends, pres.sed Penn into 
their service as one of the trustees in the sale 
of these lands and in the payment of Byl- 
lynge's debts, the others being Gaweu Lau- 
rie and Nicholas Lucas. On February il, 
167-?, John Fenwick made conveyance of the 
ninety parts to said trustees, reserving ten 
parts whereon was planted his colony. In 
the discharge of the intricate duties which 
his position as trustee imposed upon him, 
Penn's sense of justice and fair dealing was 
often displayed, as were also his foresight and 
business penetration. The records of the 
times prove that while thus engaged he ren- 
dered many valuable services not incident to 
his stewardship, and also helped to frame a 
form of government acceptable to adventur- 
ers, that met the wishes of the owners as 
well. 

During these days the leading and more 
thoughtful members of the Society of Friends 
were casting about them for some " new 
country " where the adherents to their relig- 
ious belief could be at peace, and where their 
persons and estates would be secure from the 
hands of those who, under the color of law, 
excused their shameless pei-secutions. " The 



28 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



plautations in America," as heretofore stated, 
were attracting some attention, and the re- 
ports from there as to climate and soil were 
good. William Penn was at that time a 
prominent and influential member of the So- 
ciety, and being one of the trustees of Byl- 
lynge,New Jersey was naturally lookefl to as 
the spot where their wishes could be real- 
ized, and in its settlement they became inter- 
ested. 

The primary object was to sell the iantl to 
colonists, or the debts of Edward Byllynge 
could never be discharged, and to prompt 
Friends to avail themselves of the opportun- 
ity which now offered, a form of government 
had to be established and promulgated cm- 
bodying the fundamentals sought for, but not 
so much at variance with the home policy as 
to be rejected by tliose in authority. This 
was a delicate task, and yet a necessai v one, 
for this wilderness country had few induce- 
ments to cause people to break up their homes 
and settle here. Pa.ssing over the Concessions 
and Agreements pnblislied by Berkeley and 
Carteret, in 1664, as applied to the whole 
territory of New Jersey, " The Concessions 
and Agreements of the proprietors, freehold- 
ers and inhabitants of the province of West 
New Jersey in America," as made in 1676, 
show the success of William Penn and his 
associates in their first efforts to establish the 
true basis of a representative government by 
placing the fountain of power in the people. 

These " concessions," contained in forty- 
four chapters, are the best evidence of the 
broad views and liberal sentiments of the 
framers whose ol)ject was to secure those who 
came within their operation and control 
against the encroachments and abuses from 
which they were then suffering. No one can 
reiid them without being convinced that men 
of strong minds and decided purpose only, 
could so well j)ut their intentions into words. 

Touching the vital question of ta.xation 
the subject was met in this plain and direct 
manner : 



" They are not to impose, or suffer to be 
imposed, any tax, custom or subsidy, tollage, 
assessment, or any other duty whatsoever, 
upon any color or pretence, how specious 
soever, upon the said province and inhabit- 
ants thereof, without their own cousent first 
had, or other than what shall be imposed by 
the authority and consent of the General As- 
sembly, and that only in manner and for the 
good ends and uses as aforesaid." 

And again, that of " the exercise of their 
consciences in matters of religious worship," 
is neither vague nor ambiguous. 

" That no man, nor number of men upon 
earth, hath power or authority to rule over 
men's con.sciences in religious matters; there- 
fore it is consented, agreed and ordained that 
no person or persons whatsoever within said 
jH'ovinceat any time or times hereafter, shall 
be any ways, upon any pretence whatever 
called in (piestion, or in the least punished 
or hurt, either in person, estate or privilege, 
for the sake of his opinion, judgment, faith 
or worsliip towards God in matters of relig- 
ion, but that all and every such person and 
l)ersons may from time to time and at all 
times freely and fully have and enjoy his and 
their judgments, and the exercise of their 
consciences in matters of religious worship 
throughout all the said province." 

In these "concessions and agreements " al- 
most every detail necessary to the jiroper 
working of a new system was anticipated 
and provided for, and, as was demonstrated, it 
only needed a sufficient number of settlers in 
the colony to warrant its success. 

To say that William Penn had neither 
partnorlotin the production of this docu- 
ment would be to ignore all knowledoe of 
the man, and his subsequent life .of useful- 
ne.ss devoted always to the advancement and 
benefit of his fellow-creatures.' 

' William I'enn afterwards became proprietor of the 
Province of Pennsylvania, and with his further history 
every intelligent reader is familiar. After a life of 
jrreat usefulness, he died on the 30tli day of the Fifth 
Month, 17 IS, in the 74th year of his age. Ilig remains 



THE FRIENDS IN WEST JERSEY. 



29 



Not one of tlie New England States, nor 
New York nor Virginia was qnite equal to 
W^est New Jersey in its love and practice of 
jierfect religious toleration. Under the dom- 
inant ideas of the Friends governing here, 
no man was asked for or about his creed 
when otfering himself as a candidate for 
public office. Never before, anywhere else 
that we know of, was there set to the world 
such an example of absolute and harndess 
toleration. The Puritans did noble things 
for liberty; the Hollanders did nobler; but 
the Friends, as far as their influ- 
ence extended, did noblest. ' 

The authors of this remarkable 
Constitution addressed the Society 
of Friends of England, recom- 
mending the province, and invited 
them to emigrate to it. The in- 
vitation was not in vain, and before 
the end of the year 1(J77 a colony 
of more than four hundred Friends 
found homes in West Jersey, and 
many moi'e during the years im- 
mediately succeeding. When tin' 
shi[>s bearing the Burlington im- 
migrants in the year 1(J78, arrived 
in the Delaware the agent of An- 
dros, at New Castle, reijuired them 
to pay duties at that point, but 
Sir William Jones decided this to 
1)6 illegal, and the claims of the Duke of York 
on West Jersey were then withdrawn and 
the Friends were left in the full enjoyment of 
independence. In November, 1G89, Sauuiel 
Jennings, the Deputy-Governor of West Jer- 
sey, convened the first General Assemldy, 
and the Friends met together to make their 
own laws. They reaffirmed the Concessions, 
declared all races and religions equal, forbade 
imprisonment for debt and the sale of ardent 
spirits to the red men, demanded that lands 
be acquired from the Indians by purchase, 

were interred in the burying-groim J surrounding Jor- 
daus Friends' Metting-Hou.ie in Buckinghamshire, Eng- 
land. 



and permitted that a criminal might be par- 
doned by the person against whom the offense 
was committed. 

William Penn and eleven other Friends pur- 
chased the province of East Jersey in 1G82. 
Robert Barclay, of Scotland, author of a book 
entitled " Barclay's Apology," was appointed 
Governor for life, and the whole of New 
Jersey was then controlled by the Friends. 
During Barclay's administration there was a 
large immigration of S(»tch and Irish Friends, 
who eanie to tliis province to find freedom. 




W I I.I.IA.M I'l.NN 



I.I IM.M. I l..\l 1,, 



The fir.st settlers of these people who pur- 
chased lands in what is now Camden Coun- 
ty, obtained shares in the proprietary right 
of Edward Byllynge's trustees about 1677, 
and a few years later they came to this coun- 
ty and located. The line fixed between 
East and West Jersey, July 1, 1076, pro- 
vided that the territory of the province be 
laid off into ten precincts, which, however, 
were not so laid off until January 14, 1681, 
old style. At that time Daniel Leeds was 
surveyor-general of the Province and was or- 
dered by the commissioners to divide the 
river-front of the Delaware from Assanpink 
to Cape May into ten equal parts, running 



30 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



each tenth "so far back iuto the woods" as 
to give it an area of sixty-four thousand 
acres. This was accomplished, and the third 
and fourth tenths extended from the river 
Crapwell, or Pensauivin Creek, on the north 
to tlie river Berkeley, or Oldmaus Creek, on 
the south ; each of the tenths laid out as above 
mentioned were also divided into tenths, 
and were each called a share of propriety. 
Many of the Society of Friends had fled from 
the persecutions to which they were subjected 
in England to Dublin, Ireland, and their at- 
tention was attracted to the new country by 
the exciting troubles between Edward Byl- 
lynge and John Eenwick, and on the 12tli of 
.\pril, 1677, Robert Turner, Robert Zane, 
Thomas Tliackara, William Bates and Joseph 
Sleight, all of Dublin, with the exception of 
William Bates, who was of. the county of 
Wickloe, Ireland, purchased one whole share 
of propi'iety of the trustees of B>'llynge, 
which included tiie right to locate within the 
limits of \\'est Jersey. The proprietors of 
West Jersey then set aside for this colony of 
Friends the third tenth, which was from tliat 
time called the third or Irish tenth.' In the 
years 1681-82 it was ])rovided that each 
tenth on wliich there were settlements should 
send to the Assembly ten delegates. Tiie 
third or Irish tenth having at this time 
passed to the occupancy of the Dublin col- 
ony, seven of them were chosen to represent 
the district, viz. : William Cooper, Mark 
Newbie, Henry Stacy, Francis Collins, Sam- 
uel Cole, Thomas Howell and \\'illiam 
Bates. The fourth tenth was not represented, 
as few, if any, English people wei'e at that 
time within its limits. This Assembly met 
yearly until 1685, when, by reason of con- 
fusion arising from the attempt of Byllynge 
to assume the government, the Assembly did 
not meet again until November .'5, 1692. 
From tlie first landing of the I)utch, in 

' A furtber accouut of the settlement of this colony 
will be found in the history of Haddon township, in this 
volume. 



1623, to 1682 no permanent settlement of 
the English had been effected within the lim- 
its of what is now Camden County. The 
foregoing has brought us down to the time 
when the inhabitants of the third tenth and 
fourth tenth in the Province of West Jersey 
was represented in the Legislative Council of 
the State, from which time begins the early 
history of old Gloucester County, as given in 
the succeeding pages. 



C H A P T E R V. 

KARl-Y HISTORY OF OI,l> (iLOftESTEK. 

TuK preceding chapter described the royal 
grants and the occupation under them, of the 
Dutch, the Swedes and the English, from 
the grant of 1621 to the settlement of the 
Dublin colony on the third or Irish tenth, 
which comprised the territory now embraced 
in Camden County. Soon after the meeting 
of the Assembly in November, 1685, the 
proprietors, freeholders and inhabitants of 
the third and fourth tenths, who had been 
subjected to many inconveniences for the 
transaction of public business by reason of 
the distance from the county-seat of Burling- 
ton and Salem, met at Arwames (Gloucester 
Point), pursuant to public notice, on the 26th 
of May, 1686, during the administration of 
Governor Samuel Jennings, and, after much 
discussion and mature deliberation, adopted 
a Constitution for the government of the ter- 
ritory lying between Pensauken Creek and 
Oldmans Creek, it being the third and 
fourth tenths, to which tliey gave the name 
Gloucester County ; it thus became the only 
county in West Jersey organized directly 
through the action of its own people. This 
Constitution [irovided for the holding of courts 
at Gloucester and Red Bank, and for the elec- 
tion of county officers. It also prescribed the 
details of legal practice and provided for the 
recordiny-of the marks of hogs and cattle. The 



EARLY HISTORY OF OLD GLOTtCESTER 



31 



erection of Gloiioe.^ter County by the aiitliority 
of the inhaliitants within its bounds was con- 
firmed by the General Assembly of the prov- 
ince in 1694. Its boundaries were not defi- 
nitely defined and it is evident from au act 
of Assembly, passed the same year the erec- 
tion of the county was confirmed, tliat it did 
not extend to the sea-coast, as the act referred 
to provides that the few settlers residing at 
Egg Harbor siiall be under jurisdiction of 
Gloucester County until there shall be a suf- 
ficient number to constitute a county. In 
January, 1709, an act was passed more 
clearly defining the county boundaries, and 
in that act Egg Harbor and its vicinity were 
embraced in Gloucester County. Its bounds 
were given as follows: "Gloucester County 
begins at the mouth of Pensaukin Creek; 
thence up the same to the fork thereof; thence 
along the bounds of Burlington County to 
the sea ; thence along the sea-coast to (ireat 
Egg Harbor River ; thence up said river to 
the fork thereof; thence uj) the southernmost 
and greato'st branch of the same to the head 
thereof; thence in a direct line to the head of 
( )ldmaus Creek ; thence down tiie same to 
the Delaware River to the place of begin- 
ning." In 18.S7 Atlantic County was erected, 
as contemplated in the act of 1694, out of 
the sea-coast townships, and in 1844 the 
townships of Camden, Waterford, Newton, 
Hnion, Delaware, Gloucester and Washing 
ton, then constituting a part of Gloucester 
County, were erected into the new county of 
Camden, which was named after the city de- 
signed to be its county-seat. 

Extracts from Gloucehtei; County 
REOonns. — -The first court for the original 
county of Gloucester was held at Gloucester 
in September, 1686, with Justices Francis 
Collins, Thomas Thackara and John Wood 
on the bench. The sheriff's jury list included 
the names of William Hunt, William Jiates, 
William Alvertson, William Ijovejoy, Henry 
Wood, Jonathan Wood, John Hugg, James 
Atkinson, Thomas Sharp, Thomas Cliaun- 



ders, (leorgc Goldsmith, .lohn Ladde, Daniel 
Reading, John Ithel, John Hethell, Thomas 
Mattliews, WiHiam Dalboe, Anthonv N'eil- 
son, John Matsoii, Tliomas Bull, Jolin Tay- 
l<ir, William Salisbury. Matthew Medcalfe 
and William Cooper. The findings of this 
court are evidence that after the adoption of 
the Arwames ConstitutioTi the people of 
Gloucester ('ounty considered themselves an 
independent government, with the power to 
levy taxes, fix boundaries, etc. The Decem- 
ber court at Gloucester in 1687 presented 
two Burlington officers for conveying accused 
persons out <if its jurisdiction for trial at 
Bnrliugtou, and compelled one of them to 
make apology. This difficulty was caused by 
a dispute concerning county lioundaries. The 
grand jury, at the February Session of the 
court for the same year, ordered the first tax 
to be laid, levying a shilling for every hun- 
dred acres of land, two pence for each head 
of cattle, a tax of two pence on each freeman 
having neither land nor cattle and an addi- 
tional head tax of one shilling on all men not 
possessed of such property. Taxes were 
made payable in money or produce, and an 
increase in double the amount could be dis- 
trained for in case of delinquency. Taxes 
continued to be laid by the grand jnrv till 
1694, when the power was vested bv Pro- 
vincial Assembly in a quorum of the countv 
justices, " with the advice, concurrence and 
assistance" of the grand jury. In 171:1 
this power was vested in the justices and 
chosen freeholders, where it remained until 
the organization of the Board of Freeholders 
of the members from each township, on Feb- 
ruary 13, 1798. From a taxing act passed 
in 1750 it appears that there were then in 
the county fourteen stores and shops, twenty- 
seven mills, five ferries and more than 
twenty-five taverns. 

The first murder trial was a ca.se of infan 
ticide which occurred in 1701, but the court 
record docs not show what penaltv was 
inflicted on the defendant. 



32 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COTTNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



The ease was tried l)y the (iovenior, Lord 
Cornlmry, in person, and on December 19tli 
the following record was made : 

" We, the Grand Jury of the County of Glouces- 
ter, doe order eighteen pence to by twelve bushels 
of charcoal for the prisoner, and two pounds two 
sh'llings to by three match coats for the prisoner's 
use so long as she hath occasion for it, and then 
to be reserved for the County's use. We allow 
seven shillings and sixpence to the clerk for five 
warrants to the collector to gather the above tax. 
We further allow Matthew Metcalfe twelve shil- 
lings and six pence for defraying the Lord Corn- 
tiury's retinue's expenses when he was lately at 
(Gloucester, and six shillings to John Siddons for 
a Coffin for the murthered child, and six shillings 
more we allow him by discount of his old tax in 
1694 for bringing the Justices and Coroner to 
Gloster. Wc allow eight pounds four shillings and 
four pence for defraying the Lord Cornbury's and 
his attendance's cxpciiccs when he was lately at 
Gloucester." 

Among the earliest marriages recorded in 
the connty was that of Samuel Taylor and 
Elizabeth Ward, on January 13, 1687, and 
(ieorge \\'ard and Hannah Waynwright, on 
November 17, 1697. The first birth re- 
corded was that of the child of John and 
Jane Burroughs, of Gloucester River, March 
14, 1687. 

Tiie earliest recorded meeting of justices 
and freeholders was held on the 5t]i day of 
the Second Month, 1715. The justices pres- 
ent were Richard Bull, John Inskeep, 
George Lawrence and John Rambo ; the 
freeholders, John Kaighn, Peter Long, John 
Ladd, Jacob Clement, Joseph Cooper, Jaco- 
bus Collin and John Shivers. They pro- 
vided for the building of a new prison and 
court-house by a tax of eighty pounds, and 
made another levy of fifteen pounds to pay. 
bounties for the destruction of wolves, {lan- 
thcrs and red foxes. The sum of thirty 
pounds was ordered raised in 1716 for the 
same purposes, and in 1717 the board levied 
a tax of ten pounds for completing the 
pri.sou, twenty pounds for wolves, panthers 
and red foxes, and seventy jKiunds foi- Tim- 



ber Creek bridge. Assessors, collectors and 
conunissioners were apj)ointed to carry the 
action of the board into effect. At the 
meeting of November 1, 1721, the sheriff, 
Josiah Kay, was allowed James ]\Iore's 
horse, saddle and brass pi.stol for executing 
the man, who seems to have been convicted 
of highway robbery, and £9 8.s. for 
executing Christiana Boff, the murderer 
of her child. In the minutes of the 
board on May 3, 1750, Samuel Harrison, 
the sheriff, brought in a bill of £17 12s. for 
whipping James McBride and for executing 
John Johnson, John Steward and Ebenezcr 
Caral. On this claim the following entry 
w as made : 

" The Board, taking sd bill into Consideration, al- 
low for ye Kopes and diging ye Graves, 14s. 8 ; & 
for ye rest are of Opinion yt its ye Sheriff's Office 
to see ye Law Executed upon Convicts ; and as 
they kn(nv no Law yt Intitles him to any Pay for 
ye Execution of his Office in Such Case, think, 
therefore, it would be a ill Presedent and not 
warrentable in them to allow said Bill or any of ye 
like kind." 

The court and jury seem always to have 
had a lively sense of their diguity and 
to have been jealous of maintaining it. On 
June 1, 1702, Nathaniel Zane was fined ten 
shillings for his "affront, Abu.se and under- 
vallueing of ye forman of ye Grand Jury;" 
and on December 1st, Jeremiah Bate was fined 
thirty shillings " for several Contcuiptuo.se 
and ReHccting, Abusive Expressions u.sed to- 
wards ye Bench ;" but " upon his humble sub- 
mission to ye Bench and desire of tforgetful- 
ness, ye same is remitted and forgotten." 
An instance of tlie anxiety of the Friends, 
who were the j^i'iucipal settlers of Glouces- 
ter, to purge the community of all question- 
able characters, was the case of Amos Nich- 
olson, who, having come into the town of 
(Jrccuwich, was presented by the grand 
jiuy, June 2, 17U1, as " being a man of ill- 
fame," and required to leave the township or 
give security to indemnify the townshi]) 
airainst his l)econiin<r a dauirerous or trouble- 



EARLY HLSTORY OF OLD GLOUCESTER. 



33 




some neighbor. A vagrant negro, liaving 
been hroiiglit into court September 1, 1701, 
by tlie sheriff, wlicse cliarges amounted to 
i'l Ss , the ntgio \\ i^ oukud to be sold for 
two years to any 
one who wouUl 
piy tlie cliarges, 
his master having 
the j)rivilege of 
itclaiming him 
by making the 
^uiie disburse- 
ment. 
The stocks, the pillory and the whipping- 
jiost were used in Colonial days for the 
punishment of criuiinals on various occasions. 
They were doubtless brought into use under 
the authority of the old 
(iloucester courts. The 
punishment by the pil- 
lory was severe and ex- 
cruciating, the criminal 
being placed in a stand- 
ing position. It was not 
uncommon for men to 
swoon under the pain of 
the pillory or the stocks. 
The system by which 
assisted immigrants per- 
formed service in return 
for the payment of their 
passage-money to this 
country was in full force, a: 
minute of the court's j)roceedings of March 
2, 1701 : 

'■ (tiirtith Morgan makes complaint agst a Ser- 
vant woman of her deserting of his Service ye 1st 
of Instant. The servant appearing and alledging 
that lier passage was paid in Seotland, she eame 
I'rom, and tliat she was not any servant ; npon 
which ye sd Griffith produces an order of Chester 
Court, in Pensilvania, for her service of five years 
to one E. Evan, &c., and his assignment to ye sd 
Griffith. Whereupon ye Bench order that ye sd 
Servant perform her time of Servitude, according 
to ye sd assignment." 

The township and county boundaries were 




appear? 



thi.- 



determined in 17<)1, liichard Matlack, 
Henrv Wood, John Hinchman, Wm. Davis, 
James Whiteall, Joshua Jjord, Francis Bat- 
ten and Jacob Spicer having been appointed 
by the Board of Freeholders, on ALay l.'?th, 
to have the work done. They employed 
as surveyor Samuel Clement to run the 
line, and his completed work was sub- 
mitted to the board at the September meet- 
ing. In 1764 Surveyor Thomas Denny 
ran and marked the lines between Gloucester 
and Salem Counties. He was, himself, a 
member of the commission charged with the 
undertaking, his associates being Francis 
Battin and Geoi'ge Flanigan. In the fol- 
lowing year the arms belonging to the 
county were, by order of the justices and 
freeholders, divided into four e(iual lots and 
delivered to John Hinchman, John Mickle, 
Samuel Harrison, John Hider, Alexander 
Randall, George Flanigan, Michael Fisher 
and John Sparks, who, pursuant to in.struc- 
tions, sold them and turned the proceeds into 
the county treasury. 

Public Building.s. — A jail was built 
at Gloucester in 1689. (See history of Glou- 
cester City). Courts were held in taverns 
and private houses until 1696, when a 
court-house and jail as one building was 
erected, which, with additions and repairs, 
was used until 1786, when it was destroyed 
by fire, and a majority of the Hoard of Free- 
holders voted in favor of erecting new 
structures instead of repairing the old ones, 
aud agreed to petition the General Assend)]y 
for an act to erect new Ijnildings at such a 
place as shall be designated by a majority of 
the people of the county at an election to be 
held for that purpose. 

WoODBt'RY HECOMKS THK CoI'N'IY-SkAT. 

— Notwithstanding that there is no iccorded 
evidence of the matter, it is a generally ac- 
cepted belief that the election was held, that 
the people voted to locate the new building at 
Woodbury, and that this decision transferred 
the countyseat from Gloucester to that town. 



34 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



On August .'5, 178G, James Brown, John 
Jessop and Samuel Hugg were constituted 
"to agree with the workmen and purchase 
materials for the building of the gaol and 
court-house at Woodbury," and a tax of 
j£108 6s. 8c/. was ordered to defray the ex- 
pense. At the meeting of the board, ou Sep- 
tember 29, 1786, the board accepted John 
Bispham's offer of a lot at Woodbury, and 
James Wilkins, John Wilkius and Joseph 
Reeves were appointed a committee to survey 
the lot and receive the deed, for which they 
were authorized to ])ay fifty pounds. When 
the managers' accounts were finally passed, 
on Juue 18, 1790, it was found that the cost 
of the court-house and jail had been more 
than twelve thousand dollars. The interior of 
the house is now very much like what it was 
when first built. The stonecolumns, steps, etc., 
in front were added many years ago, and the 
steeple and belfry have been more than once 
rebuilt. 

Joshua L. Howell, Phineas Lord, John 
Blackwood, John Brick, John E. Hopkins 
and John Thorn were commissioned, on No- 
vember 24, 1797, to buy a lot at Woodbury 
and erect a building for the keeping of the 
records removed from Gloucester. This 
structure has been occupied since 1820 as the 
surrogate's office, while the building then 
erected for the surrogate has been made the 
clei'k's office. 

Woodbury, the seat of justice of Glouces- 
ter County since its removal from the town 
of Gloucester, in 1787, and the place where 
the law was dispensed to the citizens of what 
is Camden County, previous to its erection in 
1844, is located at tiie head of navigation on 
Woodbiiiy Creek, and was ])robably settled 
as early as 1681. liichard Wood took up 
laud a mile iiirther down the creek in tiiat 
year, and some time between then and 16s4 
his brother made a home on the present site 
of the town. The Woods came froni some 
one of the many towns in England named 
Bury, and hence the derivation of the name 



of the new settlement.' In 1688 four hun- 
dred and thirty-two acres of land on Wood- 
bury Creek were surveyed for Jonathan 
Wood. From that date until the War of 
the Revolution the place is destitute of any 
history that has been preserved, but the inci- 
dents of the military movements in 1777 in 
the neighborhood go to show that it must 
then have had a poi)ulation of two hundred 
or more. During the winter of 1777, Loi'd 
Corn wallis had his headquarters in the resi- 
dence now occupied by the family of tlio 
late Amos Campbell, and the doors and cup- 
boards still bear the marks of the British 
bayonets used in forcing them open. In 1815 
the town had grown so as to re(piire four tav- 
erns for the local and traveling trade ; it had 
also seven merchants and three physicians 
and there were seventy-one dwellings. 
Among the leading citizens then were James 
Roe, John C. Smallwood, John M. Watson, 
John Mickle, Robert K. Matlack, Thomas 
Jefferson Cade and Benjamin I'. Howell. 
The oldest dwelling-house now standing is 
the Joseph Franklin residence, which was 
built in the early part of the eighteenth cen- 

' " It seems tlie little colony soon became short of 
provisions and none being nearer than Burlington, the 
male colonists slarted off in canoes for that place to ob- 
tain some. A storm prevented their return as soon as 
expected, — the provisions left for the women were ex- 
hausted, — and the poor creatures, overwhelmed with 
grief, looked fur nothing but starvation in a strange 
land with none of their kindred near to soothe their 
dying momeiiK. Thus they were grouped together at 
the bend of the creek, watching with tearful eyes the 
flowing tide and listening in vain for the sound of the 
returning paddles, when an Indian woman appeared on 
the opposite bank, saw they were in trouble and 
stopped. By their signs she understood their wants 
and then disappeared in the shade of the forest. In 
an hour or two (for she bad gone several miles) she 
returned loaded witli venison and corn bread. These 
she placed on a long piece of bark and, walking a good 
wny to tidcward, set it afloat and gave it a push across. 
It came to where tlio white women were and its contents 
saved their lives ; for their husbands returned not for 
such a length of time that but for her, starvation would 
have been inevitable.'' — New Jersey Historical Collcc- 
tinns. 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 



36 



tiu'v. Woddhiiry was iiicorponiteil as a bor- 
ongli in l<So4 and as a city in 1870. In- 
cluded in the old organizations of citizens 
were the Fox Hunting Clul), established in 
1776 ; the Library Company, instituted in 
1794 ; and the Whirligig Society, which was 
organized in 1809 " with authority to sup- 
press all riots and whirligig all gamblers, 
showmen and such characters as are com- 
monly called Fair Plays." The Friends 
erected a meeting-honse in 1715 or 1716, and 
the Presbyterians had a log church in 1721. 
The Methodist ICpiscopal Society was organ- 
ized in 1S03 and the African Methodist 
Episcopal in 1817. 



CHAPTER XI. 

THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 

ALTHOiKiii New Jersey was at no time 
seriously threatened by the war which Eng- 
land waged with the French and their In- 
dian allies in North America, and whicii 
may be said to have virtually begun in 1749, 
and continued until the utter defeat of the 
French and the treaty of peace in 1763, 
the meagre information which has been 
preserved of her action demonstrates that she 
was in no wise backward to obey the calls 
for troops to serve against the common foe.' 

' Oue of the scanty references to this epoch is con- 
tained in Wickes' '' History of Medicine in New Jersey," 
which says : " We date a positive advance in medicine 
in New Jersey from the French and English War. . . . 
New Jersey raised a complement of 1000 men, tiiiilt 
barracks ai Burlin^on, 'I'renton, New lirunswick, 
Amhoy and Klizabethtown, each for the accommodation 
of oOO men. It maintained this complement for the 
years 1708, '5'.l and 'CO, and in the two succeeding 
years furnished 000, besides men and officers for gar- 
rison duty. These popular measui'es furnished the 
school much needed for training a soldiery to be avail- 
able for the defence of American liberty a decade after- 
ward, and for the training of medical men no less. 
The physicians who were commissioned as surgeons and 
surgeons' mates, being brought into association with 
the British officers, were led to kuow their inferiority, 



The conflicting territorial clainis of England 
arid France on the American continent, the 
long-standing animosity of the two people, 
and the competition between the French and 
English frontiersmen on the upper tribu- 
taries of the Ohio River explain the out- 
break of tJie war. In 1746 New Jersey 
was required to furnish five hundi'ed men 
for service under the English flag, and in 
response six hundred and sixty offered 
themselves for enlistment. Again, in 1755, 
the Assembly resolved to raise and equip a 
battalion of five hundred men, and an excess 
])resented themselves for enlistment. When 
the enemy reached the country west of the 
Delaware, New Jersey received many refugees 
who had been driven out from their homes, 
while her wealthy citizens bore a large part 
of the expense in raising troops to defend the 
western border. It is said tliat one thousand 
were sent from the colony after the surren- 
der of Castle William, on the .southern shore 
of Lake George, and three thousand more 
were put in readiness to march should occa- 
sion require. During 1758, 1759 and 1760 
the colony kept her complement full of oue 
thousand men in the field, and in 1761-62 
six hundred, besides a company of sixty-four 
for garrison duty during the latter year. 
The annual expense of this military estab- 
lishment is represented at forty thousand 
pounds." 

We are not allowed to suppose that any 
considerable proportion of these troops came 
from the Camden vicinage, or even that old 
(rloucester County was largely re|)re.scnted 
in the ranks. A hundred and thirty years 
ago Southern and Western Jersey was too 
Sparsely jjopulated to be of great value as a 

and were stimulated to improve their opportunities of 
practice and of intercourse with their more cultivated 
compeers." 

'' Cushing's " History of Gloucester County." Mul- 
ford's History says: "New Jersey had raised, at 
different periods, near X'300,000, and for a great part 
of the time had maintained a force of 1000 men, be- 
sides particular bodies for special services.'' 



36 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



recruiting ground ; and, moreover, more tlian 
half tlie people were Friends and forbidden 
by their religions principles to engage in 
warfare. In and around Haddonfield linger 
traditions of the departure of a small squad 
or two, to join the forces at the front, but 
the very names of these volunteers have 
perished, and if any of them distinguished 
themselves in the combat against tiie French 
and their savage allies, they have i)assed to 
the roll of unsung heroes. 



CHAPTER VII. 

THK MAR OF THp; REVOIJTTION. 

In the War of the Revolution New Jersey 
bore a conspicuous and honorable part, and 
the county of Gloucester, of which C'anulen 
C^ounty then formed a part, is fertile in his- 
torical associations of that eventful period. 
A faithful effort has been made to portray 
them in the succeeding pages of this chapter 
and weave around them every interest which 
their importance demands, as well as to show 
the relation of the State and county to that 
ever memorable war. Gloucester County 
furnished a large number of soldiers who 
joined the patriot army, participated in nu- 
merous battles and won many brilliant 
achievements. 

Causes OF the WAR.-The colony of New 
Jersey shared with her sister colonies that 
devotion to the crown at the termination of 
the Frencli and Indian War which William 
(iriffith has so lucidly described in his " His- 
torical Notes oi' the Aincrican Colonies and 
Revolution."' 

'This is a rare .and invalimblc book. It was designed 
by the oullior as an introduction to his " Law Kegis- 
ter," hut he died before its completion. It was pub- 
lished by his executors in 18;!(i, and after it was 
printed some controversy arose between the persons 
concerned, in consequence of which the entire edition, 
wiili the exception of six copies, was destroyed. One 
of tliose saved is in the possession of Judge .John ('lem- 



" At the close of the war (of 1756) between Great 
Britain and France, tenuinatetl by the Treaty of 
Paris, in 17G3, the British Colonies of North 
America were attached to the mother-country by 
every tie which could add strength to the con- 
nection; by the sympathies of a common extrac- 
tion and history and the more endearing atfections 
and solicitudes which Howed from domestic affini- 
ties and private interests, encircling and blessing 
all. . . . The recent war, so glorious to both 
in its prosecution and results, so peculiarly Ameri- 
can in its origin and objects, and in which they 
co-operated in so many arduous military enter- 
prises, had inspired mutual respect and a warmth 
of attachment unfelt before ; there was a conti- 




INTlKPKXnr.NCE BELL. 

dence also reposed by the colonies in the all'ec- 
tionate disposition and mighty power of the 
mother-country, unrestrained by any fear or jeal- 
ousy : — George III., then in the third year of his 
reign, by the splendor of the British arms in all 
quarters, the extension and security which war had 
given to his realms and by his vast military and 
naval superiority, with an e.xtent of manufactures 
and commerce unequaled, was universally deemed 
the most powerful monarch at that time in Europe, 
and highly poi)ular in all bis dominions. 

"This flattering scene, however, was soon to be 
changed; those sentiments and interests wliicli, if 

ent, of Haddonfield, by whose kind permission tlie use 
of the work was accorded to the writer. 



THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 



cultivated, might have long (though not always) 
letained the colonies a jiart of the British empire, 
were suddenly extinguislied by the folly and ar- 
rogance of British ministers : men ignorant of 
human nature, and in government, and deaf 
to admonition and experience — fortunate indeed 
for America and mankind I — but aflbrding a 
solemn lesson to every people who repose a blind 
confidence in the talents or virtues of particular 
men, however popular or whatever be their pre- 
tensions. 

" The triumphs of the war and the promised 
blessings of peace and concord were at once for- 
gotten and lost in sordid views to revenue — views 
ecjually hostile to justice and to policy. Not 
satisfied with the monopoly of the whole product 
of American industry and trade, expended for her 
manufactures and articles of consumption, in- 
creasing beyond calculation, silently pouring 
millions into the lap of England, her infatuated 
ministers resolved to force upon the colonies a 
system of internal taxation, limited only by the 
will of a British Parliament, prescribing its 
objects, its extent, continuance and means of 
collection, without the consent or participation of 
millions of British subjects doomed to bear the 
burden and the disgrace. No choice was prottered 
but submission or resistance, and the colonies did 
not hesitate; they resolved that no power on earth 
should wrest from them property and the fruits of 
their toil and industry without their consent. 
This was the origin of the most extraordinary 
revolution on record, and upon this issue did the 
contest turn." 

The colonists claimed that to them, as well 
as to any other subjects of the crown, l>e- 
longed immnnity from all taxation, except 
.such as they might assent to, either directly 
or by the representatives they had ciiosen, 
and the people of West Jersey had stood 
u]K)n this ground in resisting the attempt of 
(lovernor Andros to impose custom duties 
upon the commerce of the Delaware as early 
as 1680. But first the cr<i\vn and then 
Parliament insisted upon the power to tax 
tlie colonies as they plea.sed, and they made 
the cost of the war with France a special 
pretext for enforcing this claim, becau.se, as 
the ministry argued, the war had been of 
American origin, and in its prosecution the 
niother-couutrv had accumulated an enor- 



mous debt t<>r tlie )>r()tecliiin of licr domains 
on this side of the Atlantic. Tlie enact- 
ment of a duty on stamps was curried in 
I'arliament March 22, ITlio, and William 
Coxe was appointed the collector of New 
Jersey. Mas.sachusetts ])ropo,se(l a Congress 
of Commissioners from all the colonies, to 
meet for cousultation in New York on the 
first Tuesday of October. The New Jei-sev 
As.seml)ly received the Massachusetts cii'cnlar 
Juue 20, 17C5. William Franklin,' the 
Governor, was in so much the opposite of his 
patriotic father as to be a firm ally of the 
crown, and he influenced the Hou.se, which 
was on the eve of adjournment, to return a 
hasty and ambiguous answer, which gave 
rise to a sharp correspondence between the 
(iovernor and Hou.se. He contended that 
the House had taken the Massachusetts jiro- 
posal into " deliberate consideration," and 
had " unanimously resolved against connect- 
ing on that occasion." The Hou.se declaivd 
(July 27, 1776) that the Speaker agreed to 
send members to the intended Congress, 
but that he changed his mind upon .some 
advice that was given to him, and that this 
sudden change of opinion displeased manv 

' William Franklin was a natural son of Dr. Ben- 
jaiiiiQ Franklin, and was born about the year 1730. 
His father had but one other son, Francis Folger. who 
died when a little more than four years old. William 
was carefully educated, aided his father in his philo- 
sophical experiments, and through his influence was at 
an early age appointed clerk of the Assembly of I'enn- 
sylvania, and postmaster of Philadelphia. In ITSlJ, 
when he was about twenty years of age, his father was 
appointed the agent for Pennsylvania (and afterwards 
of New Jersey) in Kngland, and the son had leave from 
the Assembly to resign his office of clerk that he might 
accompany him to London. Upon his arrival there 
he entered the Middle Temple to prepare himself for 
practice as a lawyer in Philadelphia, and was iu due 
time called to be a barrister. Afterwards he received 
from the University of 0\ford the honorary degree of 
Mahter of Arts. 

In 17G2, having ingratiated himself with Lord Bute, 
then the principal favorite of the King, through his 
influence, without the solicitation of his father, he was 
appointed Governor of the province of New Jersey, an 
office then much sought for. 



38 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



of'tlie Hoiisp, who, seeing the matter dropped, 
were indiiferent to it. But they said that 
the letter of the House was not such as 
the Governor represented it, and that if tlie 
strong expressions mentioned were used, an 
alteration must have been made, and they 
intimated that Governor Franklin had been 
instrumental in making it. 

The Legislative Assembly considered their 
action, and at a convention called at Am- 
boy by the Speaker they chose Joseph 
Ogden, Hendrick Fisher and Joseph Borden 
delegates to the Congress, which met in New 
York at the appointed time and formulated 
the memorable petitions to the King and 
Parliament that were a warning of the com- 
ing u])rising. When the AssemlJy recon- 
vened in November, it approved the action 
of the Congress, and the House declared that 
a.s the Stamp Act was utterly subversive of 
privileges inherent in and originally secured 
by grants and concessions from the crown of 
Great Britain to the jieople of the colony, they 
considered it a duty to tliemselves, their con- 
stituents and posterity to leave a record of 
their resolves upon the journal. 

Stamp Officer Coxe resigned, declaring 
that he would never act under the law, and 
organizations of the "Sons of Liberty" were 
formed, who bound themselves to march to 
any part of the continent at their own ex- 
pense to support the British Constitution in 
America, by which opposition to the stan)p 
tax was meant. As the use of all but stamp 
paper was forbidden in legal transactions, a 
period of much confusion ensued, during 
which the courts were closed and business 
almost suspended ; but in February, 176(5, a 
meeting of the members of the Jersey bar at 
New Bnniswick resolved to continue their 
practice regardless of the statute; the public 
offices and tiie courts were reopened and tlie 
people resumed the transaction of aft'airs. 
When tiie General Assembly met in June, 
tiie members were officially informed by the 
Governor of the repeal of the obnoxious act. 




BRITISH STAMP. 



nn<l tliey joined in an address to the King 
and Parliament expressing gratitude for the 
abrogation of an "impolitic law." 

Whatever hopes might have been enter- 
tained that this concession meant future just 
dealing with the colonies were doomed to 
disappointment. The repeal of the Stamp 
Act had been accomplislied by an affirma- 
tion of the right of 
Great Britain to bind 
the colonies in all 
eases whatever, and 
thegovcrnment soon 
proceeded to act on 
thatassumption. In- 
creased numbers of 
British soldiers were 
quartered upon the 
people, who were re- 
quired to furnish 
them with fuel, bed- 
ding, candles, small beer, rum, etc. When 
the requisition was laid before the New Jer- 
sey Assembly, in June, 176G, the House 
directed that provision be made according to 
the former laws of the colony, and then in- 
formed the Governor that they looked upon 
tlie act for ([uartering soldiers in Ameri(!a to 
be virtually as nuich an act for laying taxes 
as the Stamp Act. It was followed in 17()7 
by the enactments levying duties on imports 
of glass, paper, paste-board, white and I'cul 
lead, ])aintei's' colors and tea into the colonial 
j)orts, and authorizing the King to appoint 
in America commissioners who .should have 
entire charge of the cu.stoms and the laws 
relating to trade. 

Ma.ssaclui.setts again led the column of 
resistance, and her circular letter was ])re- 
sentetl to the New Jer.sey House April 15, 
1768. The House made a suitable reply 
and also adopted a respectfid address against 
taxation without representation. On Decem- 
ber (i, 1769, it pas.sed resolutions condemn- 
ing tlu! threat of the royal authorities to 
transport to England for trial persons ac- 



THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 



39 



riiscd of crinios in tlie colonii's, and also 
approved tlie resolution of the niercliants to 
cease to import British luerchaiidise until 
the offensive duties were repealed. Tlie 
duties, except that on tea, M'ere repealed in 
1770, Init this by no means satisfied the 
Americans. 

On February 8, 1774, the Assembly of 
New Jersey resolved "that a Committee of 
Correspondence and Incjuiry be appointed to 
obtain the mo.st early and antheutie intelli- 
gence of all acts and resolutions of the Brit- 
ish Parliament, or the proceedings of admin- 
istration, that may have any relation to, or 
may affect the liberties and privileges of His 
Majesty's subjects in the British colonies in 
America, and to keep up and maintain a 
correspondence with our sister colonies, re- 
specting these important considerations ; and 
that they occasionally lay their proceedings 
before the House." The committee named 
in the resolution were James Kinsey, Stephen 
Crane, Hendrick Fisher, Samuel Tucker, 
John Wetherill, Robert Friend I'rice, John 
Ilinchman, John ilehelm and Edward Tay- 
lor. The Gloucester County members were 
Messrs. Price and Hinchman. Governor 
Franklin strove to minimize the significance 
of this action. '' I was in hope.s," he wrote 
to Lord Dartmouth on May 31 st, "that the 
A.ssembly of this Province would not have 
gone into the measure; for though they met 
on the lOtli of Noveml)er, yet they avoided 
taking the matter into consideration, though 
trc(juently urged by some of the members, 
until the 8tli of February, and then I believe 
they would not have gone into it but that 
the As.seml)ly of New York had just before 
resolved to appoint such a committee, and 
they did not choose to appear singular." 

Action of New Jer.sey. — The Governor 
inisrepre.sented the temperof the peopleof New 
Jersey. On the recejition of the news that 
the British Parliament had closed the ])ort of 
Boston to all eonimerce, because of the 
llirowinu; into the harbor of one of the 



cargoes of tea, which the government was 
endeavoring to induce the ])eo]>le to accept 
by rescinding the export duty of I'Id. per 
pound, while retaining the import duty of 
od. j>er pound, " the Colony of New Jersey 
broke out in a simultaneous blaze of indig- 
nation from Sussex to Cape May, and im- 
mediate measures were taken to organize the 
various counties into a cond)ination of the 
friends of liberty which should secure 
prom[)titude and unity of action thniughout 
the province." ' 

The Boston Port Bill was appointed to go 
into operation June 1, 1774, and, in accord- 
ance with the recommendation of Virginia, 
the patriots observed it as a day of mourn- 
ing. On that day the Committee of Corre- 
spondence and Inquiry held at New Bruns- 
wick what was probably their first meeting, 
and, according to the authority of Dr. Mul- 
ford, in his " History of New Jersey," they 
replied to the communication that had been 
received from Massachusetts, expressed their 
.sympathy with the people of Boston and 
condemned in strong terms the course of the 
ministry. A letter written by one of the 
members, under date of the 2d, says, — 

"I returned yesterday from New Brunswick, 
where six of our committee met. We answered tlie 
Boston letters, informing them that we look on 
New Jersey as eventually in the same piedieamont 
with Boston, and that we will do everything which 
may be generally agreed on. We have signed a 
request to the Governor to call the General A.sseni- 
bly to meet at such time as his Excellency may 
think proper before the 1st day of August ne.\t. 
Our committee is well disposed in the cause of 
American freedom." 

Governor Franklin wrote to Lord Dart- 
mouth from Burlington June LStli, — 

" I have likewise had an application made tome 
by some of the members of the Hou.se of Kejue- 
sentatives to call a meeting of the (xeneral .A.ssem- 
bly in August next, with which 1 have not and 
shall not comply, as there is no publick busines.sof 

' Cliarles D- Deshler's ail'li'ess tu the New Brunswick 
IlisLoi-ical Club, Decciiibcr Ui, 187'). 



40 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



the province whicli cuii make such a meeting 
necessary." 

The disaffection of the CTOvernor and his 
refusal to assemble the Legislature made it 
necessary for the jieople to speak out through 
the medium of their town-meetings. These 
were held in nearly all the counties at the 
call of leaders of the culminating revolution- 
ary movement. The purpose was to organize 
and direct the impulse of resistance to 
British encroachments, to acquaint the people 
with the total imperilment of their liberties 
and particularly to select delegates to a 




Thirty Dollars. 

THE Bearer is, en 
titled to recci-ve Thirty 
Sfianljh milled D O L 
LARS, or an ejua 
Sum in Gold or Silver, 
according; to a Refo 
haUonoi CONGRESS 
of the 14th "January^ 
1779- 

20 Dollars. 



(•(.IXTINENTAL I'l'llUKNCY. 

general congress of deputies from the .several 
colouics, which the A'irginia House of Bur- 
gesses had pn)po.sed should be held to form a 
])i;ui of union and devise measures for tiie 
puliiic welfare. 

In June, 1774, William Peartree Smith, 
ciiairman of the New Jersey Committee of 
Coi'respondence and In(]uiry, conducted a 
correspondence with tiie Mas.saeluisetts ('om- 
mittee, in which lie tendered material aid for 
the people impoverished by tlu; closing of 
Boston to comuKii'ce, and inquired whether it 
had better take the shape of clothing, provi- 
sions or cash. The Massachusetts men re- 
plied thai cash would be most acccphiblc. 



Dr. Fithian, in a communication in the 
^\'oodbury Constitution, says, — 

" In the County of Gloucester committees were 
ajipointed in each of the townships to receive 
donations ' for the relief of our sutfering brethren 
of Boston,' and a general treasurer (Joseph Ellis) 
was appointed, who was authorized to procure a 
place to store the provisions that should be 
furnished, and the sum of £534 in money was at 
one time ordered to be paid on account of subscrip- 
tions."' 

The first of these meetings for the purpo.se 
of electing delegates to meet in a General Con- 
gress was held on June 6, 1774, at Lower 
Freehold, Monmouth County, and 
the next at Newark, on the 11th. 
The latter meeting issued a circu- 
lar calling attention to the opjires- 
sive measures of Parliament, and 
set forth that as the neighboring 
colonies were prepared for a Con- 
gress, and as the New Jersey As- 
sembly was not likely to be in 
■session in time to answer the end 
proposed, it was jiroper and im- 
portant that meetings should be 
held in the counties to appoint 
committees that would, in con- 
junction, act in unison with the 
sister colonies. 

The County Committees thus 
chosen met at New Brunswick 
on the twenty-first of July, with .seventy- 
two delegates in attendance, and organized by 
the election of Stephen Crane as chairman and 
Jonathan D. Sargent as clerk.' Kesolutions 
were passed declaring that the proceedings of 

' "Thereajipearstobe nowhere any record of anieeliug 
held in dlouccster County to appoint delegates to the 
New Brun.swick convention. Vet the county was rep- 
resented in that body by Hobert Friend Price, if by no 
other delegate or delegates, and the tenable theory is 
that he at least was elected at some meeting of the cit- 
izens of the county, of which no mention is made in 
contemporary annals. Price's name occurs on jiago 103 
of (iriffith's " Notes on the American Colonies," as a 
member of the Committee that signed the credentials 
of the delegates to the Oeneral Congress. 



THE WAR OF THK RKVOLUTIOX, 



41 



I'arliauH'iii wiili res|)ect to IMassarluisetts, 
•' s(j violent ill themselves and so trnly alanu- 
iiiH' to the other colonies (many of which arc 
e([iially exposed to ministerial vengeance), 
render it the indispensable duty of all 
heartily to unite in the most proper measures 
to procure redress for their oppressed coun- 
trymea, now suffering in the cominon cause ; 
and for the re-establishment of 
tiie constitutional rights of 
America upon a solid founda- 
tion." James Kiusey, William 
Livingston, John De Hart, Ste- 
}>hen Crane and Richard Smith 
were chosen to represent New 
Jersey in the Congress which 
met at Carpenters' Hall on 
Sept. 5, 1774. They joined 
heartily iu its general declara- 
tion of rights and its recom- 
mendations for aid to the dis- 
tressed people of Boston. Their 
doings were approved by the 
General Assembly of the colony 
in January, 1775,' in the flice 
(jf the condemnatory message of 
Governor Franklin, who in- 
sidiously strove to pnavoke the 
jealousy of the Assembly by the 
argument that the New Briins- 
wick convention had, by ap- 
pointing the delegates to the 
Colonial Congress, usurped the 
powers which belonged to the 
Assembly alone. The Assera- 
i)ly answered by re-ap[)ointing 
these very delegates, but they ( 

followed the recommendations 
of the Governor to present the (Town with still 
another remonstrance against its impositions 
upon the colonists. Franklin saw that the 
(lay of reconciliation was past. He said in a 
supplementary message, — 

'"Such members as were Friends excepting only to 
such ])arl9 aa seemed to wear an appearance or might 
have a tendency to force, as iucousisteut with their re- 
lijliiius principles." — don/on n" llislnrii nj A'nr Jrrsri/." 



"It is now ill vain to arj;ne, as you have, with 
the most uncommon and tmnccessary prcc'ipita- 
tion, give in your entire assent to that dostruitive 
mode of proceeding I so earnestly wariuKl you 
against. Whether after .such a rcsohuion the pe- 
tition you mention can be exi)ected to produce 
any good efiect, or whether you have consulted the 
true interests of the people, I leave others to de- 
termine." 




ARPEN'TERS' HALL, I'lIlLADKLI'HIA. 

During the winter of 1774-7-") Parlia- 
ment, in obedience to the crown and the ;ul- 
luinistration of Lord North, and dcs|>it(' the 
warnings of Chatham and Burke, went on 
with a stubborn resolution to crush the col- 
onies. Boston wa.s the objective-point of 
their repressive programme, :uid tiie btittle 
of Lexington occurred on April l!l, 1775. 



42 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



()u May 2d the New Jersey Committee of 
Correspondence met at New Brunswick, hav- 
ing been informed that " tlie embattled fann- 
ers " had fired the sliot that was lieard 
around the world. There were present Hen- 
drick Fisher, Samuel Tucker, Joseph Bor- 
den, Joseph Jliggs, Isaac Pearson, John 
Chetwood, Lewis Ogden, Isaac Ogdeu, Abra- 
ham Hunt and Elias Boudinot. They in- 
structed the chairman 

"To immediately call a Provincial Congress to 
meet at Trenton the 23d day of this instant, to 
consider and determine sucli matters as may then 
and there come before them ; and theseveral conn- 
ties are hereby desired to nominate and ajipoint 
their respective deputies for the same as speedily 
as may be, with full and ample powers for such 
]iurposes as may be thought necessary for the i)e- 
culiar exigencies of this province." 

Gloucester County was j)ronipt in its I'e- 
sponse to this notice. The proceedings were 
as subjoined in Dr. Fithian's notes, — 

"At a meeting of a majority of the Committee 
of Correspondence for the County of Gloucester, 
on the 5th day of May, 1775, — present, Samuel 
Harrison, chairman ; John Hinchman, John 
Cooper, John Sparks, Joseph Ellis, Joseph Low, 
Isaac Mickle, Joseph Hugg. 

"In consequence of intelligence received I'rom 
the Committee of Corrcsjiondence from New 
Brunswick, and at their request, the committee 
above named have taken the same into considera- 
ation, and do unanimously agree and think it our 
indispensable duty in this alarming crisis forth- 
with to request a meeting of the inhabitants of 
the county for the purpose of choosing members 
to meet at the Provincial Congress at Trenton on 
the 23d day of this instant, May. 

" Ordered that the clerk get a number of no- 
tices immediately printed and disperse them 
throughout the country — that a person be sent 
express to Egg Harbour with part thereof and 
alarm the inhabitants of the consequence thereof 
and the necessity of a meeting. 

" By order of Committee. 

" Joseph Huci(i, Com. Clerk." 



" In Committee, ordered that every member of 
this Committee meet at the house of William 
Hugg, on the 18th inst., by 10 o'clock, A. m., and 
that notice issue for this purpose, to which time 
this Committee is adjourned. 

" By order of Committee, 

" Joseph Hf(;G, Clerk. 



" Committee met pursuant to adjournment, on 
the lOth inst., at the house of William Hugg — 
present, Samuel Harri.son, John Cooper, Joseph 
Ellis, .lohn Sparks, Isaac Mickle, Doc. Vanleer, 
.loseph Cooper, Peter Chccsenian, .luseph Hugg. 



"At a meeting of a very respectable number of 
the inhabitant-s of this county, on the ISth day of 
Jlay , 1775, pursuant to a notice from the Committee 
of Correspondence for that purpose. 

" At said meeting the inluibitants taking into 
consideration the intelligence communicated from 
the Committee of Correspondence of New Bruns- 
wick, do unanimously 

" Re-folve, That it is highly necessary that there 
.should be a Provincial Congress held at the time 
and i)lace apjiointed by the said Committee, and do 
unanimously 

" Rewire and agree that seven persons be chosen 
for said service to represent this county. 

" And accordingly Robert Friend Price, John 
Hinchman, Elijah Clark, Esqs., and Messrs. .lohn 
Cooper, Joseph Ellis, John Sparks and Joseph 
Hugg were unanimously chosen to continue for 
twelve months, and anj' three or more attending 
said meeting to be a sufticient representation. 

" Ordered, That the members attending from 
this county do use their endeavors, when met in 
Congress, to confirm and reappoint the delegates 
appointed by the General Assembly of this Prov- 
ince. 

" Ordered, That the instructions drawn by Mr. 
Cooper for said Provincial Congress be taken by 
the members of this county to said Congress lor 
their own guide — but not to be publi-shed. 

" On the question being jmt, whether the Cuni- 
mittee of Observation be authorized to carry into 
execution the resolves of the Provincial Congress, 
and to perform such services as the emergency of 
the case nuiy require, it was resolved iieiii con. 

" By order of the county, 

" Jo.s. HlHiO, 

" Clerk" 

The.se Committees of Observation and In- 
spection were fornu'd in each county of tlic 
colony, 'i'hcii' title specifics liic duties witli 
wiiicii tliey were charged. 

The First I'.ROviNciALCoM(iREss()F New 
JiuisKV. — The I'rovineial Congress assem- 
bled at Treiiloii on May 2.'kl, 1775, the dele- 
gates in attendance from (iloiicester County 



TIIK WAR OP THE REVOLUTION. 



43 



heiiio- Jdlui ( 'oopor, Elijnli Clark and .loliii 
Sparks, llesolutions were ])assed that one 
or more companies of militia be raised in oaeh 
townsliip or corporation, tiiat all men between 
the ages of sixteen and fifty be enrolled by 
the committee, and that the officers of the 
re(|iiisite number of companies combine them 
into regiments. To meet the expense, ten 
thousand pounds of paper or " Proclamation " 
money was ordered to be raised, of which the 
proportion of Gloucester County was £7(33 
8s. 2d. This Congress sat eleven days, and 
was reconvened at Trenton on iVugust 5th, 
in consequence of the battle of Bunker Hill 
and Washington's siege of the British forces 
in Boston. To this meeting there came, as 
the representatives of Gloucester, John 
Sparks, Joseph Hugg, Joseph Ellis and 
Elijah Clark. It was resolved to raise and 
organize a number of troops equal to about 
twenty-six regiments and to enforce the col- 
lection of ten thousand pounds tax ordered at 
the May session, it appearing that many 
obstacles had been encountered in the col- 
lection, and that in a great number of in- 
stances payment had been avoided or refused. 
For this military levy Gloucester County 
was required to furnish three battalions, and 
she was j)laced third among the counties in 
precedency of rank, in which Essex was first 
and Salem second. Besides providing for 
this organization an armament, this Congress 
resolved to enroll four thousand minute-men, 
" who shall hold themselves in constant 
readiness, on the shortest notice, to march to 
any place where their assistance may be re- 
quired for the defence of this or any neigh- 
boring colony." Gloucester's proportion of 
this force was four comj)anies of sixty-four 
men each. The August session lasted until 
thelTth, and before adjourning the Congress 
appointed as a Committee of Safety, — Hend- 
rick Fisher, Samuel Tucker, Isaac Pearson, 
John De Hart, Jonathan D. Sergeant, A zariah 
Dunham, Peter Schenck, Enos Kelsey, Joseph 
Borden, Frederick Frelinghuyscni and John 



Schucman. When this Congress was not in 
session this committee wielded extraordinary 
and almost unlimited jiower as the executive 
branch of the government. 

The Second PuoviNciAr, Coxoress of 
New Jersey. — At its August session the 
Provincial Congress had provided for a new 
election of deputies from the counties, and 
under this provision (iloucester County chose 
John Cooper, Joseph Ellis, Thomas Clark, 
Elijah Clark and Richard Somei's, who, with 
forty-five other delegates, formed the Second 
Provincial Congress, which convened in its 
first session, at Trenton, October 3, 1775. 
Further legislation was enacted for the col- 
lection of the ten thousand pounds tax by 
distraint and sale of the property of de- 
linquents, and for the enrollment in the 
militia of all able-bodied male inhabitants of 
the jirovince, between the ages of sixteen and 
fifty years (except those whose religious prin- 
ciples forbade them to bear arms), their 
muster, equipment and instruction in military 
tactics under the command of proper officers. 
This law was singular in requiring that each 
enriJled man should provide himself with a 
musket, a sword, a tomahawk, a cartridge- 
box and knapsack. The raising of troops 
and the finding of funds wherewith to fit 
them out taxed the ingenuity of the Congress 
during this and the succeeding session of 
Fei)ruary, 1776, and on the 20th of that 
month a bill was passed for printing <£"j(),- 
000 5.S-. of fiat money, which it was ordered 
should pass current until December 21 , 1 7ill .' 
For redemption of this issue, a sinking fund 
of £10,000 In. annually from 1787 to 175)1 
was provided, and an allotment of payments 
was made among the counties. Gloucester 
was assessed tor £7(i3 2s. M. each year for 
the five years. 

The fifty thousand jiounds was divided in- 
to e(|ual ]iarts to be expended by commis- 
sioners for the Eastern Division and the 

'This money was renlcnned at Is. fid to the dollar. 



44 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEIY 



Western Divi.sion "for the use of the colony." 
William Tucker, Abraham Hunt, Joseph 
Ellis and Alexander Chambers were made 
commissioners tor the Western Division. 
The commissioners were directed to purchase 
three thousand stand of arms, ten tons of 
gunpowder, twenty tons of lead, one thousand 
cartouch-boxes, medicine-chests and chirur- 
gical instruments, four thousand tents, two 
thousand blankets, a train of artillery to 
consist of twelve pieces, and axes, spades and 
other entrenching tools. They were also in- 
structed to furnish the troops with one 
month's subsistence, at one shilling per day 
per man, or provisions to that amount if 
necessary, provided that the expense did not 
exceed one thousand four hundred pounds in 
value ; and one month's pay for tiie troops 
when called into actual service, provided that 
the Continental Congress did not make pro- 
vision for the same, and j^i'ovided that the 
pay of such troops did not exceed four thou- 
sand pounds in value. The recruitment of 
the two battalions which Congress at its pre- 
vious session had ordered to be raised had 
proceeded successfully and with rapidity. 
Lord Stirling had been commissioned colonel 
of the command raised in East Jersey, and 
William Maxwell colonel of the West Jersey 
battalion, which was ordered to the vicinity 
of the Hudson River and mustered into the 
Continental service in December, 1775. 

The Third Congress of Delegates. — 
In the meantime the old Colonial Legislature 
of New Jersey had been holding intermit- 
tent sessions and receiving protests from 
Governor Franklin against the doings of the 
Provincial Congress, which had, in tiict, 
superseded it. He had prorogued it from 
December (J, 1775, to June ."5, 1776, but the 
December meeting was its last. When tlu' 
new or Third Provincial Congress met, in 
June, 1776, it declared that Franklin had 
" discovered himself to be an enemy to the 
liberties of this country, and that measures 
ought to 1)C immediately taken for securing 



his person, and that from henceforth all pay- 
nienls of money to him, on account of salary 
or otherwise, should cease." Pursuant to 
these resolutions, and in compliance with the 
directions of the Continental Congress, 
Franklin was arrested and sent to Connecti- 
cut, where he remained a prisoner until the 
end of the war, when he sailed for England. 
He resided in that country until his death, 
enjoying a pension from the Engli>li govern- 
ment. 

The Congress which met in June had 
been elected in pursuance of the resolution 
adopted l>y its predecessor on March 2, 1776, 
"that there be a new choice of deputies to 
serve in Provincial Congress for every 
county of this colony on the fourth Monday 
in May, yearly and every year." Thus was 
established regular annual elections of depu- 
ties instead of the special elections called, as 
they had previously been, at the pleasure of 
Congress. Gloucester County elected as 
delegates John Sparks, John Cooper, P^lijah 
Clark, Joseph Hugg and Joseph Ellis. The 
Congress convened on June 11, 1776, at 
Burlington, with sixty-five members, five 
from each of the thirteen counties. On June 
28th there was submitted "a petition fi'om the 
officers of the militia of Gloucester, appointed 
to raise men for the Continental service to 
reinforce the troops now in New York, set- 
ting forth that fifteen shillings a week is not 
sufficient to defray their expenses in enlist- 
ing said men, and requesting that this Con- 
gress would make such further allowance as 
may be reasonable and necessary.'" 

Adoi'tion of the Fir'^t State Cox- 
STiTUTiox. — The Continental Congress, on 
May 10th, recommended to the Assemblies 
aud conventions of the colonies to adopt such 
governments as should, in the opinion of the 
representatives of the people, best conduce to 
the happiness and safety of their constituents 
in particular aud jVmerica in general. The 
preamble declared that every kind of govern- 
ment under the (-rown should be suppressed. 



THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTIOX. 



45 



On the "iltli tlic New Jersey Congress ap- 
pointi'd Messrs. (ii-eeii, Cooper, Sergeant, 
Elmer, Ogden, Hnglies, Covenlioven, 
Synuiies, Condict and Dick to prepare a 
draught of a Constitution, which was reported 
on the 26tii and adopted on July 2d, two 
days before the Declaration of Independence 
l»y the Continental Congress. In the pre- 
amble to that document it was declared 

" Th;U all ;iuthority claimed by the King of 
Great Britain over the colonies was by eonipaet 
derived from the people and held of them for 
the common interests of the whole society ; 

"That allegiance and protection are in the 
nature of things reciprocal ties, each ecjually de- 
pending on the other and liable to be dissolved 
by the other being refused or withdrawn ; 

"That the King of Great Britain has refused 
protection to the good people of these colonies by 
assenting to sundry acts of Parliament, has made 
war upon them for no other cause than asserting 
their just rights; hence all civil authority under 
him is necessarily at an end, and a dissolution of 
government has taken place. And also the more 
effectually to unite the people and to enable them 
to exert their whole force in their own necessary 
defense; and as the honorable, the Continental 
Congress, the supreme council of the American 
Colonies, has advised us to adopt such government 
as will best conduce to our happiness and safety, 
and the well-being of America generally ; 

" We, the representatives of the colony of New 
Jersey, having been elected by all the counties in 
the freest manner, and in Congress assembled, 
have, after mature deliberation, agreed upon a 
set of charter rights and tlie form of a Consti- 
tution." 

Tiiis Constitution fell somewhat short of a 
full assertion of independence, and contained 
a clause providing that if a reconciliation 
should take place between Great Britain and 
her colonies, the instrument should become 
null and void. Gordon, in his " History of 
New Jersey," attributes the introduction of 
this clause to the influence of Samuel Tucker, 
j>resident of the Congress. He says, " The 
doors of retreat were kejtt open by the fears 
of the President, who, a few months af'tci', 
claimed the clonuMU'v of tiic enemy, witii 
whom this clause trave him an interest." 



By this instrument (lie government was 
vested in a Governor, JiCgislutive Council and 
General Assembly. The Council and Assem- 
bly were to be chosen yearly by the people, 
and they were in joint convention to annu- 
ally elect the Governor. On July 17th the 
New Jersey Congress ratified the Declaration 
of Independence pronnilgated at Philadel- 
phia, and on the next day it changed its own 
name to that of " The Convention of the State 
of New Jersey." An election for a Legisla- 
tive Council and an Assembly was held on 
the second Tuesday of August, 1 770, and the 
members convened at I'rincetou on August 
27th. In the Council, Gloucester was rep- 
resented by John Cooper, and in the House 
by Richard Somers and Robert F. Price. 
William Livingston was elected the first Gov- 
ernor under the new Constitution. The Leg- 
islature succeeded to the powers and functions 
of the Provincial Congress and the Conven- 
tion of the State of New Jersey, and contin- 
ued to exercise those powers and functions as 
a permanent body. 

New Jersey AS THE Seat of War. — 
The movement of the British array, under 
command of General Howe, from Boston, by 
way of Halifax, to the vicinity of New York, 
the route of Washington's forces at the battle 
of Long Island, August 27, 1776, the evac- 
uation of New York by the Americans and 
the capture of Fort Washington, ou the Hud- 
son, by the British on November 15th — these 
were the events which led to Washington's 
retreat into New Jersey. With his dimin- 
ished columns he fell back to New Bruns- 
wick, where he hoped to make a stand ; but 
the terms of the New Jersey and Maryland 
Brigades and the Pennsylvania Flying Camp 
were about expiring, and neither arguments 
nor threats could prevent the men from dis- 
banding and returning to their homes. The 
remnant of the army, with Lord Coi-nwallis 
liaras.sing its rear, arrived at Princeton on 
December 1st, and thence ])assed on to Tren- 
ton, where it crossed the Delaware into Pcnu- 



46 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



svlvania on tlie Stii. Ueiiifoi'cwl \i\ 8iilliv;ui 
and Gates, Washington recmssed tlu' Dela- 
ware on Cliristmas night and effected the 
surprise and defeat of Colonel Rahl's Jles- 
sian contingent of the Britisli forces. 

Although after the Trenton victory the 
American commander retired to his strong 
position on tiie Delaware shore, he had by no 
means relin<juished his ambition to repossess 
Western New Jersey, and at once began jirep- 
arations for a second expedition. He again 
marched to Trenton on December 30th. Gen- 
eral Maxwell, who on the retreat through the 
State had been left at Morristown witli his 
brigade, including the Gloucester troops, was 
ordered to advance through New Brunswick, 
as if threatening: an attack, and harass all 




president's chair and rui. dlsk icdn \\hi('h 

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 
WAS SIGNED. 

the contiguous posts of the enemy as much as 
po.ssible. On the night of January 2, 1777, 
Washington, after the skirmish on Assanpink 
Creek, swung round the British flank to the 
rear, reached Princeton at earl}' dawu of the 
3rd, defeated and dispersed Colonel I\Iaw- 
hood's force of three regiments, and was safe 
among the hills of the Upper Raritan while 
Coruwallis was lumbering along in an inef- 
fectual pursuit. He had to mourn the lo.ss of 
the gallant General Mercer, who fell in the 
first assault at Princeton, and whose body 
bore the marks of sixteen British bayonet 
wounds. 

Washington's brilliant achievements were 



nee<led to revive the jwtriotic spirit of New 
Jersey, which previously had been fast suc- 
cumbing to the advance of the foe. Howe 
had offered pardon and protection to all who 
would abandon the national cause and renew 
their allegiance to the King. Until Washing- 
ton rolled back the tide of disaster, more 
than two hundred people within the State 
were daily abjuring their loyalty to the 
American government. "The two Jersey 
I'cgiments," M'rites CJordon, " which had 
l)een forwarded by General Gates under 
General St. Clair, went off to a man the 
moment they entered their own State." The 
I^egislature had moved from Princeton to 
Burlington, and thence to Pittstown and 
Haddonfield, where it dissolved on December 
2, 1776. Samuel Tucker, chairman of the 
Committee of Safety, treasurer and judge of 
the Supreme Court, vacated his offices and 
swore fealty to the crown. The whole num- 
l)er of the people of New Jersey who took 
advantage of Howe's proclamation is stated 
at two thousand seven hundred and three. 
But the victories of Trenton and Princeton 
lightened up the gloomy horizon ; citizens 
found that Howe's protections did not save 
them from the depredations of the Hessian 
soldiery, who overran the State and spared 
neith(U'age nor sex from outrage and ])lunder ; 
what the earnest recommendations of Con- 
gress, the zealous exertions of Governor Liv- 
ingston and the ardent supplications of 
Washington could not effect, was produced 
l)V the rapine and devastiitions of the Royal 
forces. The whole coiuitry became instantly 
hostile to the invaders, and sufferers of all 
parties rose as one man to avenge their per- 
sonal injuries. With his quick insight, 
Washington i)ereeived that this was the 
moment for the recovery of New Jersey. 
From his headquarters at Morristown lie 
issued, on January 25, 1777, a proclamation 
giving all j)ers()ns who had accepted ]}ritish 
protection thirty days in which to re])air to 
the nearest headquarters of the Continental 



TIIK WAR OF THE RKVOLUTIOX. 



47 



service, and llieii to siirri'iidcr tlieir papers 
and receive full pardon for their i)Mst olleiises. 
'J'lie aiteruative offered them was to retire 
with their families within the Britisli lines 
or be regarded a.s adherents of the King of 
(ireat Britain and enemies of their eountrv. 
The result was most satisfaetory. Hundreds 
of timid inhal)itants renewed their allegian('e 
to America, the most dangerous Tories were 
driven out and the army was largely in- 
creased by volunteers and by the return of 
many of its veterans who had deserted dur- 
ing the dark day? of the previous November 
and r)ecember. 

The American army moved to 
the neighborhood of Bound Brook 
on May 28, 1777, and on June 
1 Jth the British retreated towards 
Amboy, but hurried back from 
thence with the expectation of :i' 
tacking Washington at Quibbl. 
town (Newmarket), where he ha<l 
taken up his position. At Wo( " 1 
bridge, on June 20th, Lord Corn 
wallis drove back Morgan's Iv.in 
gers and Stirling's troops, In 
tliev held them in cheek long 
enough to permit Washington to 
retire to his stronghold near Bound 
Brook, he being too weak to 
undertake battle in the open field. The 
ISiitish returned to Amboy, \vhere they 
crossed to Staten Island ; and during the 
remainder of the war New Jei'sey was not 
again so completely overrun with marauders 
and British troops, although many parties 
entei'ed it for pillage from hostile camps in 
adjoining States. Washington crossed the 
Delaware to Philadel[)hia ; Howe took his 
army around by water from New York to 
l'iiiladel|)hia by way of the Chesapeake anil 
the Klk Kiver; and by defeating Washing- 
ton at the Brandy wine, on September lltli, 
and at ( iermantown, on October 24th, he se- 
cured po-sessioii of l*hiladelj)liia forthewinter 
that the |iatrints .-pent at N'alley Foi-ge. 



In September, 1777, Continental C'ongress 
moved from Phiiadel]ihia to the town of 
York, I'a., where for the nine succeeding 
months, until June of 177.S, that historic 
band of patriots held their deliberations, 
when, upon the retreat of the British across 
New Jersey, they returned to I'hiladelphia. 

The Battle ok Red Bank. — The first 
engagements of the Revolution fought upon 
the soil of Gloucester County w-ere the bat- 
tle of Red Bank, October 22, 1777, and the 
skirmish at Billingsport, which jtreceded it 
bv a few days. For the protection of the 
l)claware, the Americans had liuilt Fort 




iNDEPE.NDE.xei: UALL, iiui-Aiij:i-riiiA, IN !,,(;. 



Mifflin, a strong redoubt, with i|uite exten- 
sive outworks, on the marshy island on tiie 
Pennsylvania side, just below the mouth of 
the Schuylkill. Foi-t Mercer, an ci|nally 
good work, was ])laced on high gi-oinid at 
Red Bank, on the New Jersey shore, and in 
the river channels, under <over of the fiic of 
the batteries, were sind< ranges of strong 
frames with ii-on-pointed wooden spikc^s, 
which were calculated to be impassable to 
vessels. At Billingsport, tiiree miles Ix'iow, 
on the New Jersey side, a tiiird fort was erect- 
ed, and the channel between it and Uillings' 
Island was again closed by r/ifraiix-df-fr/Kr. 
'i'o clear the wav for his licet and liir the 
entrance of supplies into I'hiiadelphia, it wa.> 



48 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



necessary for Howe to open the river, and he 
accordingly ordered Captain Hammond, with 
the frigate " Roebuck " and several other 
vessels, around from the Chesapeake. Ar- 
riving in the stream below Billingsport, 
Hammond reconnoitered and came to the 
conclusion that he might force a passage 
through the obstructions if a land force 
would engage the fort. The scheme seemed 
feasible to Howe, and he detailed to execute 
it, two regiments of infantry, nnder Colonel 
Stirling. Crossing the river from Chester, 
Stirling fell furiously upon the inferior gar- 
rison of the fort, which was not fiuished, 
who spiked their cannon, set fire to their 
barracks and fled in disuiay. The English 




FORT Mirri.IN 

■inui-rn-ilimbt, li h h i lnj^h li\ 



l.ilill. 1..V M.MitivMor, witli indeliUtlon^ uhcii Hit wilillei-sl..iilL 1 lli.'ir 
kettloB (this Willi was piorceJ Willi louii-hoU s tm luinketij) , c i: c c 
hlock-limise, Imilt iif wood, with loop-lioks mv\ mounting four 
l.iwi'Snf i5iiinnn cildl, two on the lonoi pUtfonn , d rf ti b H uu:ks ; 
'' . .■ Htiitkuili-a ; /// trosil i& Loup , g g luMi-es On the south siile 
were two-story pieces of battery, mounting three ciinuon. 

(■(iin|)lctcd the d('in(i]i(i<iii of the works, while 
(';i|itain ilaiiiiiKiiul made a passage through 
tlic (ilistriictioiis wide eiiuugli to permit the 
s(|u;uli'iiii of six iiicii-of-war to sail tiirough 
and up to H.tg Island, where tliey anchored. 
Lossing's " Fieid-Bt)ok of the Revolu- 
tion," .say.s, — 

" Howe iiowdetunuiiicd Lo make a general sweep 
i)f' all the Ainerieati works on the Delaware, and 
lircparatory therulu he called in his oiitpo.sts, and 



concentrated his whole army near to and within 
Philadelphia. Two Rhode Island regiments, be- 
longing to General Varnum's brigade, under Col- 
onel Christopher Greene, garrisoned the fort at 
Red Bank, and about the same number of the 
Maryland Line, under Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel 
Smith, occupied Fort MitHin. The American 
fleet, consisting chiefly of galleys and floating 
batteries, was commanded by Commodore Hazel- 
wood. It was quite as important to the Ameri- 
cans to maintain these forts and defend the river 
obstructions as it was to the British to destroy 
them. It was, therefore, determined to liold them 
to the last extremity, for it was evident that such 
continued possession would force Howe to evacu- 
ate Philadelphia." 

Washington's letter of instructions to Col- 
onel Greene, dated (Mober 7, 1777, displays 
his solicitude that Fort Mei'cer should be 
held. He wrote, — 

" I have directed General Varnum to send your 
regiment and thatof Colonel Angell to Red Bank by 
a route which has been marked out to him. The 
commaudofthatdctachment will, of course, devolve 
upon you, with which you will proceed with all ex- 
pedition and throw yourself into that place. When 
you arrive there you will immediately communicate 
to Cidonel Smith, commander of ihegarrison at Fort 
^litfliu, and Commodore Hazehvood, commander 
of the fleet in the river. You are to co-o[i#rate 
with them in every measure necessary for the 
defense of the obstructions in the river, and to 
counteract every attempt the enemy may make for 
their removal. You will find a very good ibrtitiea- 
tion at Red Bank; but if anything should he 
requisite to render it stronger, or ])roportioii it to 
ihesizeofyourgarrison, you will havcit done. The 
cannon you will stand in need of, as much as can be 
spared, will be furnished from the galleys at Fort 
Mifflin, from whence you will also derive supplies 
of military stores. I have sent Captain Duplessis, 
with some ollicurs and men, to take the innnediate 
direction of the artillery for your garrison. He is 
also to superintend any works that may be neces- 
sary. If there be any deficiency of the men for 
the artillery, the security of the garrison will 
require you to assist them in the few additional 
ones from your detachment. You should not lose 
a moment's time in getting to the place of your 
(Kstiiuitioii and making every preparation for it.-> 
defense. Any delay might give the enemy an 
opporliniity of getting there before you, which 
could not fail of beiiiir mo.'it fatal in its conse- 



THE WAR OF THE REYOLrTTON. 



49 



f|uences. Ft' in the progress of your marcli yon 
should fall in with any detachment of the enemy, 
bending towards the same object and likely t(i 
gain it before you, and from intelligence sho\ild 
have reason to think yourself equal to the task, 
you will by all means attack them and endeavor by 
that means to disappoint their design. 

" I have written to General Newcomb, of the 
.Jersey militia, to give you all the aid in his jiower, 
for which yon will accordingly apply, when neces- 
sary. Upon the whole, sir, you will be pleased to 
remember that the post with which you are now 
intrusted is of the utmost importance to America 
and demands every exertion of which you are 
capable for its security and defense. The whole 
ilefense of the Delaware absolutely depends upon 
it ; consequently all the enemy's hope of keeping 
Philadelphia and finally succeeding in the object 
of the present campaign." 



was an elder among Friends, yet the url)anity an<l 
politeness of the German soldier so won upon him 
that he was kindly remembered ever after. The 
inhabitants, however, suffered much from the dep- 
redations of the common soldiers, who wantonly 
destroyed their property and endangered their 
lives. The presence of an officer in a house was a 
protection against them, and every family sought 
out rme, with the promise of good entertainment 
without cost, that it might be saved from destruc- 
tion. These troops regarded the American people 
as semi-barbarous, and that to destroy their prop- 
erty was nothing more than they deserved. . . . 
The sad defeat that attended theui, and the death 
of their commanding officer, completely demoral- 
ized them and they returned in detached bodies, 
begging shelter and food of those they had so illy 
treated. The transportation of the wounded 
can.sed much trouble, ami as a detachment ap- 




Howe entrusted the capture of Fort Mer- 
cer to ( 'ount Donop, a Hessian officer in tlie 
British service, and gave him four battalions, 
comprising twenty-five hundred H&ssian vet- 
erans. They crossed the Delaware at C'oop- 
ers Ferry on October 21st, and inarched that 
evening to Haddonfield. 

Judge Clement says, in his '' Revolution- 
ary Reminiscences of Camden County," — 

" The last encampment of the Hessian troops 
under Count Donop, before the battle of Red Bank, 
was in Haddonfield. It was across the street, near 
the residence of John Gill (where now stands the 
residence of the late .John Gill, Esq.), extending 
some distance into the fields. In this house Do- 
nop had his head(|Uarters, and although tin- owner 



proached Haddonfield a farmer living near the 
road was, with his horse and cart, pressed into the 
service to carry some that were unable to walk 
further. The appearance of armed men so terri- 
fied the farmer that he neglected to fasten down 
the front part of his vehicle, and when rising a 
hill near the village, the weight of the men was 
thrown on the back of the cart, and all were pitched 
headlong into the road. The swearing of the sol- 
diers in German, and the protestations of the farmer 
in English, made things no belter ; but after many 
threats the vehicle was properly secured and the 
journey completed, much, no doubt, to the comfort 
of all concerned. Becoming better acquainted 
with the people, and finding the country nuich in 
need of settlers, many (Hessians) deserted and re- 
mained, afterwards becoming thrifty people and 
good citizens." 

Before daylight on the morning of the 
22d the Hessians left Haddonfield, but as 
the .\ni<'rican pickets had destroyed the 



50 



HIBTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



lower bridge over Tiral)er C'reek, they were 
obliged to cross four miles above, at the pres- 
ent Clement's bridge, and, because of this de- 
lay, were not in front of Fort Mercer until 
near noon.' Donop halted his command on 
the edge of the woods to the north of the 
fort and sent forward an officer with a flag 
and a drummer, who summoned the garrison 
to surrender. " The King of England," he 
proclaimed, " orders his rebellious subjects 
to lay down their arms, and they are warned, 
that if they stand the battle, no quarters 
whatever will be given." This threat of the 
massacre of vounded and prisoners did not 
daunt the Americans, Colonel (Jreene reply- 
ing: " We ask no quarters, nor will we give 
any." On the receipt of this defiant answer, 
they hastily threw up an earthwork within 
half cannon-shot of Fort Mercer, and at a 
quarter before five o'clock advanced a battal- 
ion on the north front under cover of a brisk 
artillery fire. Reaching the first entrench- 
ment, which they found abandoned, but not 

' The Marquis de Chastellux, the author of " Travels 
in North America,'' visited Fort Mercer in company 
with General Lafayette and M. du Plessis Mauduit, the 
Duplessis mentioned in Washington's letter to Colonel 
Greene, who was a highly capable French engineer and 
artillerist. Chastellux wrote : " The bank of the Dela- 
ware at this place is steep ; but even this steepness al- 
lowed the enemy to approach the fort under cover and 
without being exposed to the fire of the batterie.^. To 
remedy this inconvenience, several galleys, armed with 
cannon and destined to defend the clieeaux-de-frise, 
were posted the whole length of the escarpment and 
took it in reverse. The Americans, little practiced in 
the art of fortifications, and always disposed to take 
works beyond their strength, had made those at Red 
Bank too extensive. When M. du Mauduit obtained 
permission to be sent thither by Colonel Greene, he im- 
mediately set about reducing the fortifications by inter- 
secting them from east to west, which transformed them 
into a large redoubt nearly of a pentagonal form. A 
good earthen rampart raised (o the height of the cor- 
don, a /o,'(.spand an abatis in front of the fosse consti- 
tuted the whole strength of this post, in which were 
placed three hundred men and fourteen pieces of can- 
non." The authors of the "New .Jersey Historical Col- 
lections" assert that a great portion of the garrison 
were negroes and mulattoes and all were in a ragged, 
destitute condition. 



destroyed, they imagined that they had driven 
the Americans away, and, waving their hats 
and with shouts of victory, rushed toward 
the redoubt, led by the officer and drummer 




FORT MERCER. 



70BT 



«ERCER, AT 1 



BANK. NKV 



References. 
L 'Knd of the tort at which the HeeaialiB entered, 
i. Small ditch, cross embankment and location of the mas^ked bat- 
tery. 
'. Remains of the liickory-tree used during the battle a« a flag staft. 
). Ruins of a brick wall in the middle of the artificial bank.— Rate- 

:. Count Donop'* grave. 
^ Louis Whitall's house, 
i. Monument, erected in 182'.t. 
\. Pieasure-houee. 

, Marks of the trenches in which the slain were deposited. 
V. Road the Hessians marched to the attack. — Reeve's old road. 
,. Tenant House, 
il. Road to Woodbury, 
s". Direclionof Fort Milllin. 
). Farm Road. 
NoTK. — The works represented extend al>i)ul il.''0 yarrls in ii right 



who had previously communicated with 
Greene under the flag of truce. According 
t(} the account given by the Marquis de 



THE WAR OF THK REVOLUTIOX. 



51 



C'liastellux, who received it from ]V[. du Pies- 
sis Maudtiit, " they had ah'eady reached the 
abatis and were endeavoring to tear up or 
cut away the branches wiien they were over- 
whelmed with a shower of musket-shot, 
which took them in front and flank ; for, as 
chance would have it, a part of the courtine 
of the old entrenchment, which had not been 
destroyed, formed a projection at this very 
part of the intersection." M. du Mauduit 
had contrived to form it into a sort of ca- 
poniere (or trench with loop-holes), into which 
he threw some men, who flanked the enemy's 
left and fired on them at close shot. Officers 
were seen every moment rallying their men, 
marching back to the abatis and falling 
amidst the branches they were endeavoring 
to cut. Colonel Donop was particularly dis- 
tinguished by the marks of the order he 
wore, by his handsome figure and by his 
courage. He was also seen to fall like the 
rest. The Hessians, repulsed by the fire of 
the redoubt, attempted to secure themselves 
by attacking on the side of the escarpment, 
but the fire from the galleys sent them back 
with a great loss of men. At length they 
relinquished the attack and regained the 
woods in disorder. 

" While this was passiug on the north side, an- 
other column made an attack on the south, and 
more fortunate than the other, passed the abattis, 
traversed the fosse and mounted the berm, but 
they were stopped by the fraue.s, and M. du Mau- 
duit running to this post as soon as he saw tiie 
tirst assailants give way, the others were obliged 
to follow their example. They still did not dare, 
however, to stir out of the fort, fearing a surprise, 
but M. du Mauduit, wishing to replace some pali- 
sades that had been torn up, he sallied out with a 
few men and was surprised to find about twenty 
Hessians standing on the berm and stuck up 
against the shelf of the parapet. These soldiers, 
who had been bold enough to advance thus far — 
sensible that there was more risk in returning 
and not thinking proper to expose themselves — 
were taken and brought into the fort. M. du 
Mauduit . . . again sallied out with a detach- 
ment, and It was then that he beheld the deplora- 
ble spectacle of the dead and dying heaped oue 



upon another. A voice arose from these carcases 
and said in English : ' Whoever you are, draw me 
hence.' It was the voice of (colonel Donop. M. 
du Mauduit made the soldiers lift him U|) and 
carry him into the fort, where he was soon known. 
He had his hiji broken, but whether they did not 
consider his wound a-s mortal, or that they were 
heated by the battle and still irritated at the men- 
aces thrown out against them a few hours before, 
the Americans could not help saying aloud, ' Well, 
is it determined to give no quarter?' ' I am in 
your hands,' replied the colonel. ' Vou may re- 
venge yourselves.' M. du Mauduit had no diffi- 
culty in imposing silence and employed himself 
only in taking care of the wounded officer. The 
latter, perceiving he spoke bad English, said to 
him : ' You appear to me a foreigner, sir ; who are 
you?' ' A French officer,' replied the other. 'Je 
suis content,' said Donop, making use of our lan- 
guage, ' Je meurs entre les mains de I'honneur 
meme ' (I am content ; I die in the hands of 
honor itself)" 

Donop was first taken to the Wliitall' res- 
idence, just below the fort, and afterwards to 
the home of the Lowes, south of Woodbury 
Creek, where he died three days after the 
battle, saying to M. du Mauduit in his last 
moments : " It is finishing a noble career 
early ; but 1 die the victiiu of my ambition 
and the avarice of my sovereign." To Col- 
onel Clymer he said : " See in me the vanity 
of all human pride ! I have shone in all the 
courts of Europe, and uow 1 am dying here 

' Mickle iintl Lossing insist on the trutb of the aiieu- 
ilote concerning Mrs. .Ann Whitall. It runs that when 
the battle begun she was spinning in an upper room of 
the house. She had refused to leave it. Presently a 
shot from one of the British vessels crashed through 
the wall and lodged in a partition near where she was 
sitting, whereupon she carefully removed her wheel to 
the cellar and continued at her work until the wounded 
were brought to the house and she was called upon lu 
attend thenj. The Whitalls were Friends and their 
peace doctrines were incomprehensible to Du Mauduit. 
He thought jMr. Whitall was a Tory and therefore or- 
dered his barn torn down and his oi'chard destroyed. 
The old house stands a short distance south from the fort 
and close to the river-bank. It is a brick structure, 
and is now one hundred and thirty-eight years old, as 
appears from the dale of its erection cut in the north 
end, where the characters "J. A. W." (.lames and 
Anna Whitall) may still be seen. 



52 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



on tlie banks of the Delaware in the house 
of an obscure Quaker." 

The loss of the Americans was fourteen 
killed, twenty-seven woundcil and a captain 
taken prisoner while reconnoitering. Some 
of these casualties were due to the burstinu; 
of a cannon in the fort. The Hessians lost 
Lieutenant-Colonel Mingrode, three captains, 
four lieutenants and near seventy privates 
killed, and Count Donop, his brigade-major, 
a captain, lieutenant and upwards of seventy 
non-commissioned officers and privates wound- 
ed and made prisoners. The Hessians' slain 
were buried in the fosse south of the fort. 
Count Donop was interred near the spot 
where he fell and a stone placed over him witii 



(then ill the British service), at Red Bank, on tlie 
22d Octo., 1777. Among the wounded was found 
their commander, Count Donop, who died of his 
wounds and whose body lies interred near tlie spot 
where he fell." 

This is the inscription on the we.st side, — • 

" A number of the New Jersey and Pennsylva- 
nia Volunteers, being desirous to perpetuate the 
memory of the distinguished officers and soldiere 
who fought and bled in the glorious struggle for 
American Independence, have erected this monu- 
ment on the 22d day of Octo., a.d. 1829." 

After their overwiielmiug repulse the Hes- 
sians retreated hastily towards Coopers Fer- 
ry. The main body went by way of Clem- 
ent's Bridge, .some by way of Blackwood- 
towii, and .some by Chews Lauding, near 




MTD ISL.iND, 17 



the iu.scription, ''Here lies liuricd ( 'ount 
Donop." 

Greene's defense of the fort was highly ap- 
plauded and Congress ordered the Board of 
War to present him with a handsome sword, 
which was sent to his family after the War, 
he having been murdered b)- Tory dragoons 
under Colonel Delaucy at hi.s quarters near 
Crotou River, Westchester County, N. Y. 
( )n the anniversary of the battle of Red 
Bank in 1829 a marble monument, which 
had been erected by the contributions of New 
Jersey and Pennsylvania Volunteers, was 
unveiled within the northern line of the out- 
works of the fort and within a few feet oi' 
the margin of the Delaware. On it.^ soutli 
side was inscribed, — 

"This mouunient was erected on the 22d Octo.. 
1829, to transmit to Posterity a grateful remem- 
brance of llie Patriotism and gallantry of Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel Christopher Greene, who, with 401) 
men, conquered the Hessian army of 20U0 troops 



where, it is slated on tlie aiilliority of Miekle, 
they were met by a company of farmere' 
boys and held at bay for some time. This 
detachment had with them a brass cannon, . 
which they are supposed to have thrown into /I 
Timber C)reek at Clement's Bridge. ^y 

Judge Clement has recently made the fol- 
lowing addition to his reminiscences : 

"Martin Cox, a blacksmith, who plied his call- 
ing at Chews l^anding, was an euthusiastic Whig, 
and repaired the various arms used by the soldiers. 
The day of the battle of Red Bank he started for 
the fort to return a number of muskets to the 
troops of that place, but finding that he could 
not reach there by reason of the advance guard of 
the Hessians, he buried them near by. He did 
not return al'ler the battle, and they were left in 
the ground where he had placed them for many 
years, and a tradition in his family explains the 
cause of their being there when found." 

l''rom a brief mention made by Miekle, it 
appears that in their march on Fort Mercer 
the Hessians were guided by some country- 



THE WAK OF THE REVOLrTlON'. 



53 



men, who were afterwards Icart'iilly imnisliwl 
tor tlieir treaeliery to America. He writes, — 

" Donop pressed several peisons whom he found 
along the route into his service as pilots, amiinj; 
whom was a negro belonging to the Cooper family, 
called Old Mitch, who was at work by the Cooper's 
Creek bridge. A negro named Dick, belonging to 
the gallant Colonel Ellis, and an infamous white 
scoundrel named Mcllvaine, volunteered their 
services as guides. At the bar of the Haddonfield 
tavern these loyal fellows were very loud in their 
abuse of the American cause; but their insolence, 
as we shall see, was soon repaid. . . . Dick and 
Mcllvaine, the guides, having been taken prison- 
ers by the Americans, were immediately hung 
within the fort for divers outrages which they had 
committed. Old Mitch, the other pilot, lived until 
recently (1845) to tell to groups of admiring Cam- 
den boys how terribly he was scared in this mem- 
orable fight. Resolved not to bear arms against 
his country, and being afraid to run away, he got 
behind a hay-rick when the battle began, and lay 
there flat on the ground until it was over." 

Mickle is a usually reliable chronicler, but 
there is no record to substantiate his state- 
ment as to the execution of Dick and Mc- 
llvaine. 

FoRT^! Mercei! .\nii Mifflin Ah.\.\- 
1K)NED. — Waiting uear Hog Island for the 
signal-gun of Donop's attack were the Brit- 
ish sixty-four-gun ship, the " Augusta," the 
" Roebuck " and two other frigates, the .sloop 
" Merlin " and a galley. When that gun w^as 
tired they stood up the river with the inten- 
tion of cannonading the American positions, 
l)Ut were held back by the stubborn fire of 
Hazlewood's little squadron. The next morn- 
ing the battle was renewed, the British and 
American fieets and Forts Mifflin and Mer- 
cer all taking part. The British commander 
aimed to woi'k his floating batteries into the 
channel between Mud (Fort) Island and the 
Pennsylvania shore, in order to shell Mifflin 
from its rear, but each effort was thwarted by 
the vigilance and the effective great gun ser- 
vice of the patriots. By noon the enemy found 
that it was impo.ssible to force tlie passage of 
(he river by direct assault, and made prejtara- 
tions to retire. A hot sliot had jjierccd the 



" Augusta " and set lier on lire. Becoming un- 
manageable, siie drifted towards the Xew 
Jersey sliore and went hard and fast aground, 
lier siiip's company escaping to the other ves- 
sels. When tlie flames reached her magazine 
she blew up. The " ]\Ierlin " met with preciselv 
the same fate, and at three o'clock l)lew uj) 
near the mouth of Mud Creek. The " Roe- 
btiek " and her remaining consorts then gave 
up the fight and left the Americans tiie pres- 
ent masters of the Delaware. 

But becau.se the river was the only avenue 
through whicli Howe could be certain of re- 
ceiving supplies in Philadelphia, he again .set 
to work to open it for his ships. By Novem- 
ber 1st he had erected on Province Island, 
a low mud bank between Fort Mifflin and 
the Pennsylvania shore, five batteries of 
heavy guns. On this side Fort Mifflin had 
only a wet ditch without ravelin or abatis, 
and a weak block-house at each of the angles. 
Tlie British ahso brought to bear upon the 
fort four sixty-four-gun ships and two forty- 
gun ships, besides a floating battery of 
twenty- two twenty-four pounders, which was 
moved within forty vards of an angle of the 
fort. Lossiug gives the following narrative 
of the Irombardment that followed : 

"On the 10th of November the enemy opened 
their batteries on land and water, and for six con- 
secutive days poured a storm of liombs and round 
shot upon the devoted fortification. .With con- 
summate skill and courage, Lieutenant-Colonel 
Smith directed the responses from the ordnance of 
the fort. The artillery, drawn chiefly from Colonel 
liamb's regiment, were commanded by Lieutenant 
Treat, who was killed on the first day of the siege 
by the bursting of a bomb. On that day the bar- 
r.acks alone suffered, hut on the morning of the 
1 1 th the direction of the enemy's fire was changed ; 
a dozen of the strong palisades were demolished 
and a cannon in an embrasure was disabled. The 
firing did not cease until midnight and many of the 
garrison were killed or wounded. Colonel Smith, 
the conunander, had a narrow escape. He had just 
gone into the barracks to write a letter to tJeneral 
N'arnum when a ball passed through the chimney. 
He was struck by the scattered bricks ami for a 
lime lav senseless. He was taken across to Red 



54 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Bank, and the coniiiiaud devolved upon Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel Russell, of the Connecticut Line. 
That officer \va.s disabled by fatigue and ill health, 
and Major Thayer, of the Rhode Island Line, 
volunteered to take his place. Major Henry, who 
sent daily reports to Washington of the progress of 
the siege, was also wounded on the 11th, but he 
continued with the garrison. On the 12th a two- 
gun battery of the Americans was destroyed, the 
northwest block-house and laboratory were blown 
up, and the garrison were obliged to seek shelter 
within the fort. At sunrise on the 13th thirty 
armed boats made their appearance, and during 
that night the heavy floating battery was brought 
to bear on the fort. It opened with terrible effect 
on the morning of the 14th, yet that little garrison 
of 300 men managed to silence it before noon. 

"Hitherto the enemy did not know the real 
weakness of the garrison ; on that day a deserter in 
a boat carried information of that fact to the 
British, who were seriously thinking of abandon- 
ing the siege, for they had suffered much. Hope 
was revived and preparations were made for a 
general and more vigorous assault. At daylight 
on the 15th the 'Iris' and ' Somerset,' men-of-war, 
passed up the east channel to attack the fort in 
front. Several frigates were brought to bear on 
Fort Mercer, and the ' Vigilant,' an East Indiaman 
of twenty twenty-four pounders, and a hulk with 
three twenty-four pounders made their way 
through a narrow channel on the western side and 
gained a position to act in concert with the bat- 
teries on Province Island in enfilading the Ameri- 
can works. At ten o'clock, while all was silent, a 
signal bugle sent forth its summons to action, and 
instantly the land batteries and the shipping 
poured forth a terrible storm of missiles upon Fort 
Mifflin. The little garrison sustained the shock 
with astonishing intrepidity, and far into the gloom 
of the evening an incessant cannonade was kept 
up. Within an hour the only two cannons in the 
fort that had not been dismounted shared the fate 
of the others. Every man who appeared on the 
platform wa.s killed by the musketeers in the tops 
of the ships, whose yards almost hung over the 
American battery. Long before night not a pali- 
sade was left; the embrasures were ruined; the 
whole parapet leveled; the blockhouses were 
already destroyed. Early in the evening Major 
Thayer sent all the remnant of the garrison to Red 
Bank, excepting forty men, with whom he re- 
mained. Among these was the brave Captain 
(afterwards Commodore) Talbot, of the Rliode 
Island Line, who was wounded in the hip, having 
fought for hours with his wrist shattered bv a mus- 



ket-ball. At midnight, every defence and every 
shelter being swept away, Thayer and his men set 
fire to the remains of the barracks, evacuated the 
fort and escaped in safety to Red Bank. Altogether, 
it was one of the most gallant and obstinate de- 
fences made during the war. In the course of the 
last day more than a thousand discharges of can- 
non, from twelve to thirty-two pounders, were 
made against the works on Mud Island. Nearly 
250 men of the garrison were killed and wounded. 
The loss of the British was great ; the number was 
not certainly known." 

Wasliiugton, .shut up in liLs caiup al 
Whitemarsh, could not send a man to the 
defen.se of Fort Mifflin, but he was now able 
to detacli Huntington's brigade to join that 
of Varnuni in New Jersey, and ordered 
General Greene with his division to oppose 
Cornwallis, who had crossed the Delaware 
from Chester to Billingsport, on November 
I8th, to attack Fort Mercer. Greene cro.s.sed 
at Burlington and marched toward Red 
Bank, but as he was disappointed in his 
e.xpectation of being joined by Glover's bri- 
gade, and believing Cornwallis to be much 
superior to himself in numbers, he gave up 
the notion of a battle and marched off 
toward Haddonfield. Colonel Greene, thus 
abandoned to his fate, evacuated Fort Mercer 
on November 20th, leaving his artillery, 
ammunition and some stores for Cornwallis, 
who dismantled the fort and demolished the 
works. The latter received reinforcements 
until he had fully five thou.sand men, with 
whom he took position at Gloucester Point. 
Morgan's rifle corps joined General Greene, 
but the Americans were not strong enough 
to venture a regular attack on the enemy. 
The American fleet, no longer supported by 
the forts, sought other places of safety. On 
the night of November 2Ist the galleys, one 
brig and two sloops in the darkness stole 
cautiously along the Jersey shore past the 
Briti.sh guns and arrived at Burlington in 
safety. Seventeen other craft wore aban- 
doned by their crews and burned to the 
water's edge at Gloucester. The enemy were 
in unvexed ijossessitjn uf the Delaware from 



THE WAE OF THF- BEVOLTTTTON. 



55 



Pliihulelphia to the owan. In 1872 the 
United States governmeut purchased a hun- 
dred acres of the river front at Red Baid<, 
and since then the vestiges of the enibank- 
uients and trenches of Fort Mercer have 
been preserved. 

Skirmishes Around Glouckster. — 
Both General Greene and Lord Cornwailis 
retired from tlie Gloucester vicinage early in 
the winter, but before they did so some very 
interesting incidents occurred there and 
about Haddonfield, which are graphically 
described by Isaac Mickle and Judge 
< "lenient. 

On the evening of November 25, 1777, 
General Lafayette, notwithstanding that he 
was suffering from an unclosed wound, came 
out from Greene's camp at Haddonfield with 
the intention of reconnoitering Cornwailis. 
His zeal carried him close up to the British 
lines, upon the sandy peninsula south of the 
outlet of Timber Creek, and he was pursued 
by a squad of dragoons. He reported the 
encounter to Washington in the subjoined 
language : 

"After having spent the most pari of the day in 
iiiakiug myself well acquainted with the certainty 
of the enemy's motions, I came pretty late into 
the Gloucester road between the two creeks. I 
had ten light horse, almost one hundred and fifty 
riHeraen and two pickets of militia. Colonel 
Armand, Colonel Launioy and Chevaliers Du- 
plessis and Gimat were the Frenchmen with me. 
A scout of men under Duplessis went to ascertain 
how near to Gloucester were the enemy's first 
pickets, and they found at the distance of two 
and a half miles from that place a strong post of 
three hundred and fifty Hessiaus with field-pieces, 
and they engaged immediately. .\s my little 
reconnoitering party were all in tine spirits, I 
supported them. We pushed the Hessians more 
than half a mile from the place where their main 
l)ody had been, and we made them run very fast. 
British reinforcements came twice to them, but 
very far from recovering their ground, they always 
retreated. The darkness of the niglit ])reveiited 
us from pursuing our advantage. After standing 
on the ground we had gained I ordered them to 
return very sli>wly to Haddonfield. I take great 
pleasure in JettiMg yon know that tin- rondurt of 



our soldiers was above all praise. I never .saw 
men so merry, so spirited and so desirous to go on 
to the enemy, wh.atever force they might have, a,< 
that small party in this little fight." 

Tt was on this occasion that Morgan's 
Rangers drew from Lafayette the notable 
compliment: "I found them even above 
their reputation." They were commanded 
by Lieutenant-Colonel Butler. The Ameri- 
cans had onl}' one man killed and .six 
wounded, while the British lost about sixty 
in killed, wounded and prisoners. 

In the latter part of February, I77H, 
General Anthony Wayne came into Lower 
Jersey to gather cattle and hor.ses for the 
American army, and Howe dispatched 
Colonel Stirling with two battalions to 
im]>ede him. 

Major Simcoe, with the Queen's Rang- 
ers, a very efficient corps of Tories re- 
cruited in New York and Connecticut, 
occupied Haddonfield, while Slirling re- 
mained near Coopers Ferry with a reserve. 
Simcoe occupied the main street with his 
troojis, and .sent detachments to destroy 
some barrels of tar near 'limber C!reek and 
.seize a lot of rum on the Egg Harbor road 
east of the village. " Mad Anthony " quickly 
whirled his little command down toward 
the river from Mount Holly, and, in obedi- 
ence to Stirling's orders, Simcoe quitted 
Haddonfield by niglit in a storm of sleet 
and rain, and rejoined the reserve at (hoopers 
Ferry, with Wayne only a few miles distant. 
Mickle says, — 

"The ne.xt day (March 1st) a sliarp ' skirmish 
ensued between the Spicer's Ferry Bridge over 
Coopers Creek and the place where the Camden 
.\cademy now stands. Fifty British, picked out 
from the F^rty-secoud and the Rangers, having 
been sent three or four miles up the direct road to 
Haddonfield, for some remaining forage, were met 
by Wayne's cavalry and forced to retreat to the 
ferry. The Americans followed uj) to the verv 
cordon of the enemy. The British were drawn 
up in the following order : the Forty-second upon 
the right. Colonel Markham in the centre and the 
(iuei'u's Rangers upon the left, with their left flank 



56 



HISTORY OF rAATPRX COUNTY, NEW JERSEJ. 



resting upun r.ooi)ers Creek. Captain Kerr anrl 
Lieutenant Wickham were in the meanwliile em- 
Vjarking with their men to Philadelphia, and as the 
Americans seemed disposed only to reconnoitre, 
Colonel Markham's detachment and the horses also 
started across the river. Just then a barn within 
the cordon was fired, and the Americans, taking 
this as evidence that only a few stragglers were 
left upon the eastern shore, advanced and drove in 
the pickets. The Forty-second moved forward in 
line and the Rangers in column by companies, the 
sailors drawing some three-pound cannon. A few 
Americans appearing upon the Waterford side of 
Coopers Creek, Captain Armstrong, with a com- 
pany of Otrenadiers, was ordered to line a dyke on 
this side to watch them. 

" Upon the right, in the neighborhood ol' the 
Academy and the Hicksite Meeting-house, a heavy 
fire was kept up by the Forty-second upon the 
main body of the Americans, who were in the 
woods along the Haddonfield road. The Rangers 
on the left, toward the creek, only had to oppose 
a few scattered cavalry, who were reconnoitering. 
As Simcoe advanced rapidly to gain an eminence 
in front, which he conceived to be a strong and 
advantageous position,' the cavalry retired to the 
woods, except on officer, who reined back his horse 
and facing the Rangers as they dashed on, slowly 
waved his sword for his attendants to retreat. The 
English Light Infantry came within fifty yards of 
him, when one of them called out ' you are a brave 
fellow, but you must go away ? ' The undaunted 
officer paying no attention to the warning, one 
McGill, afterwards a quartermaster, was ordered to 
fire at him. He did so and wounded the horse, 
but the rider was unscathed and soon joined his 
comrades in the woods a little way otl." 

Tliis brave officer was ('ount Pulaski, wlio 
liad fommand of the cavalry. lu this skir- 
mish several ol" Simcoe's Rangers were 
wounded and Sergeant Moi'herson, of tiie 
Grenadiers, was killed. A cannonading was 
kept up from the eminence whidi Simcoe had 
occupied upon some of the Americans, wlio 
were removing the plank from C^ooper's 
Bridge, but it proved harmless. So persistent 
were the efforts of the Americans to drive 
their enemies away from ahoul Coopers 
Ferrv, that a .scries of cnlrcncliments was 

•About the crcssing oltlie I'aiiulon iiud Atliiutic iiml 
Camden ami Aniboy HailroiKls, formerly Dogwooiltowii. 



thrown u|), extending from the creek we.st- 
erly toward the river, and the timber there- 
abouts was so cut as to ol)struct the move- 
ments of troops coming from the interior. 
The position was also protec-ted by the can- 
non of vessels lying in the river, and tiius 
the British were saved from the abandon- 
ment of the place. 

While Wayne was posted in Haddonfield 
some of his men made a reconnoissance of the 
British at Gloucester, and were discovered and 
pursued by a superior force. A running 
fight ensued, which la.sted nearly from 
Gloucester Point to tlie American lines, but 
the British suffered much the greater loss. 
The most prominent man in this action on 
the American side was Colonel El^lis, of the 
Gloucester militia. Soon afterward the 
whole British force at Gloucester moved on 
Wayne at Haddonfield by night, but found 
only his empty quarters. 

On this occasion occurred the daring ex- 
ploit of Miles Sage, a vidette in Ellis' regi- 
ment, who, with a comrade named Ch^w, 
as stated by Judge Clement : 

" Detected the enemy's movements and rode in 
great haste to inform Colonel Ellis. Chew taking 
a shorter route and swimming his horse across 
Newton Creek, was the first to reach Haddonfield, 
and Ellis' regiment marched out just as the British 
marched in. The colonel was so corpulent that 
he fell behind his men, and but for the darkness of 
the night would have been taken prisoner. 

"The intelligence brought by Chew created 
great consternation in the town, and every precau- 
tion was taken to mislead the enemy by putting 
out the lights in the dwellings and the families 
retiring to bed. A colored servant in the family 
of Mrs. Abigail Blackwood, widow of Samuel 
Blackwood, then living in Tanner Street, 
was sent with the children to their room and 
strictly enjoined to extinguish the candle, '^n 
gratify her curiosity, however, she placed it on the 
window ledge, which attracted the attention of the 
soldiers, who at once surrounded the house. John 
Blackwood, n -son of the widow, then a lad, was 
captured, taken into the street and made to tell 
what he knew of Colonel Ellis and his regiment. 
While attempting, by the liglit of a few torches 
and surrounded by the excited soldiers, to show 



THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 



57 



the direction nf tlie lotreating lroO|>s, Miles Sage 
rode up and asked llie buy very much the same 
((uestion he was endeavoring to answer the others. 
His reply was that they liad koic 'some one 
way and some another.' At this moment Sage 
discovered that he was in the midst of British 
soldiers, who at the same time noticed that he 
was an American. 

"Sage at once put .spurs to his horse, rode 
hastily into the main street and towards the 
northerly part of the village. He was fired upon 
as he vanished in the darkness, but escaped until 
he reached the upi)er hotel, where his horse was 
wounded and he fell to the ground. Before Sage 
could disengage himself from the saddle he was 
attacked by the guard, stabbed in various places 
about his body, and left for dead in the street. By 
order of a Scotch officer he was carried into a 
small building on the north side of the street near 
the present Temperance House, where he was 
attended by a surgeon of the army." 

On examination it was found that lie iiad 
tiiirteen bayonet wounds, and he was put in 
the care of some women, one of whom became 
tlie mother of (xovernor Stratton. Being 
besougiit to prepare for death, he exclaimed : 
" Why, Martha, I mean to give the enemy 
tiiirteen rounds yet." He lived to tell iiis 
grandchildren of his perilous adventure. 

Siracoe had a narrow escape while halted 
at Haddonfield with his battalion. Says the 
same authority above given, — 

" On one occasion, while resting his horse near 
the brow of the hill, opjwsite the present residence 
of William Mann, Major Simcoe heard the whist- 
ling of a rifle ball near him and saw two persons 
on the opposite hill. He ordered Lieutenant 
Whitlock to take a few drigoons and capture 
them. These persons proved to be John Kain 
(brother of Joseph Hinchman's wife) and Benja- 
min Butler, two young men who secured the loan 
of a rifle of Joseph Collins (then living on the 
farm now owned by Logan Paul) for the purpose 
of hunting. They had proceeded along the roa<l 
as far as where Jacob Dodd now lives, I'rom which 
point Simcoe was plainly in view, and could not 
resist the temptation of shooting at a British 
oHicer. After this exploit they thought best to 
return to the house, when Diana Collins, a daugh- 
ter of Josei)h, discovered the dragoons in pursuit 
and shouted to the young men to escajjc. Kain 
turned down the creek into the swamp and evaded 
8 



the soldiers, while Butler ran up llu' hill and 
secreted himself in the bushes, and but for his 
curiosity in watching the men and horses ;is they 
passed would also have escai)cd. He, however, 
left his hiding-place, went back into the road, was 
discovered, and after a hot chase cai)tured. He 
wiis taken to Philadelphia, thence to the jirison- 
ships at New York, and kept for a long time. Al- 
though not the guilty one, as Kain handled the 
gun, he suflered a terrible punishment, from the 
eflects of which his health was never Inlly restored. 
He did not return for about three years, and when 
he visited the spot where he had secreted himself, 
found his hat that had been lost in (he scuttle at 
the time." 

The first liritish encampment at (,'o()j)ers 
Point was made by ( leneral A bercr<jrnbie, 
who had his headquarters in the house that 
was afterwards bought by Joseph W. Cooper. 
The quarters of the Foi-ty-third Jlegimcnt, 
Colonel Shaw, and several Highland and 
Hessiau regiments were at the old Middle 
Ferry House, sometimes called English's. 
Mickle says, — • 

" The British lines reached from the Point down 
the Delaware nearly to Market Street, Camden, 
thence up to the site of the present academy at the 
corner of Sixth and Market Streets, and thence 
about northeast across to Coopers Creek. The re- 
mains of their redoubts were visible until a few 
years ago." 

The same authority says, — 

Li March, 1778, soon after the retreat of Simcoe 
from Haddonfield, Pulaski, with a considerable 
body of Continental troopers, came close under 
the British lines to reconnoitre. The enemy, 
anticipating his approach, placed an ambush upon 
both sides of the road leading from the bridge to 
the Middle Ferry, in the neighborhood of the 
present Friends' meeting-house, under the com- 
mand of Colonel Shaw. As Pulaski approached, 
a good way in advance of his men, a stanch 
Whig, William West, mounted a log and waved 
his hat as a signal of retreat. Pulaski took the 
hint, hastily wheeled his men aud saved them 
from slaughter. About the same time a hot fight 
took place at Coopers Creek Bridge, where the 
Englishmen surprised a party of militia. Several 
of the latter were killed and the rest captured. 
Most of the Gloucester fighting men eidistcd early 
in the war and were marched to Fort Washington, 
where they were taken and confined on board of 



58 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



the British prison-ship ' Jersey,' through the horrors 
of which but few ever lived to return home. Most 
of the minute-men, therefore, who annoyed the 
British in the neighborhood of Philadelphia were 
very young. They fought bravely and sold their 
lives whenever they were overpowered as dearly 
as possible. 

" Among the American Rangers who distin- 
guished themselves in forays in the west end of 
Newton, none were more eminent than John Stokes 
and Kinsey, or, as he was generally called, Taph 
Bennett. Stokes was a man of unconquerable 
energy, and some of his feats equal anything ever 
told of Jasper or MacDonald. He was continually 
hanging upon the lines of ihe enemy, and was in 
hourly danger of his life. His courage and activ- 
ity, however, could relieve him from any dilemma. 
He lived through the war to tell of his hair- 
breadth escapes at many a social party. Taph was 
a kindred spirit. Like Stokes, he had pricked 
many an Englishman who dreamed not of a rebel 
being within ten leagues ; and it is said he gen- 
erally cut off his foeman's thumb to prove his 
prowess to his comrades." 

Local Incidents of the War. — The 
Tories and Hessians burned the iiouses of 
many staunch patriots in old Gloucester, 
among them the mansion of the Huggs, near 
Timber Creek bridge, and that of the Harri- 
sons, close to the Point. The Hugg family 
were punished in this fashiou for having 
given two officers and several privates to the 
patriot armies. The women were as cour- 
ageous as the men. Mrs. Hugg, the mother 
of Colonel Joseph Hugg, met the intruders 
who were foraging in her poultry-yard. " Do 
you," she stormed at them, " call yourselves 
soldiers and come thus to rob undefended 
premises ? I have .sons who are in Wash- 
ington's army. They are gentlemen and not 
such puppies as you." Within a few days 
her house and out-buildings were burned to 
the ground. 

Most of the houses along Coopers Creek 
were sacked by the enemy, uidess their occu- 
pants were Tories. A young British officer 
made a recpiisition at the dwelling of the 
Champions for their best horse. He got an 
imbroken colt, which threw him into a pond, 
and in revenge he had his men plunder the 



house. An old gentleman named Ellis bur- 
ied his specie near his house at night by the 
light of a lantern to save it from the maraud- 
ers. The light betrayed him to the spies 
lurking about, and when he next visited the 
spot his treasure was gone. 

In the Haddonfield budget of legend and 
history are many narratives that serve to 
illustrate the Revolutionary epoch. A Scotch 
regiment which was encamped about the cen- 
tre of the town in the winter of 1777-78 
made many friends by soldierly conduct. The 
boys of the village soon ingratiated them- 
selves into the good graces of the men and 
exchanged some game for powder. They 
were subjects of much curiosity because of 
wearing the full Highland uniform. 

Robert Blaekwell, D.D., an Episcopal 
clergyman, who became a chaplain in the 
American army at the opening of the strug- 
gle and remained until the end, was a resi- 
dent of Haddonfield ; his house stood on 
the east side of Main Street and opposite 
Tanner Street. 

Mrs. Annie Howell, the daughter of Mrs. 
Abigail Blackwood and widow of Colonel 
Joshua L. Howell, of Fancy Hill, Gloucester 
County, was a child in Haddonfield during 
the war and retained vivid recollections of 
Lafayette and Pulaski. The former took 
frequent notice of her, and she never forgot 
him as an affable, courtly French gentleman. 
The jewelry he wore M'as her special admira- 
tion, and when in her old age she spoke of 
him she never omitted to mention this fea- 
ture of his dress. She would describe Pu- 
laski in his dragoon uniform, wearing a 
tightly-fitting green jacket and buckskin 
breeches, mounted on a superb charger and 
displaying his wonderful horsenumship tn 
the admiring soldiers. 

EVACU.^TI0N OF i'lllI.ADKLI'ltlA AND 

Retreat of the British. — All the sur- 
rounding country was overrun in June, 1778, 
when the British evacuated Phiiadelj)hia, 
crossed the Delaware at' Gloucester and 



THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 



59 



inai-phed to New York. Tlicy were four 
days and nights passing through Haddon- 
field, bv reason of the munitions of war and 
plunder witii which they were loaded down. 
Their wagon-trains seemed to stretch out in- 
terminaljly. Bakeries, laundries, hospitals 
and smith-shops were on wheels, as well as 
l^oats, bridges, magazines and uiedicine-chests. 
With occasional field work, the troops had 
lounged the winter through in Philadelphia ; 
they had stolen everything they could carry 
on leaving there and along the line of march, 
and were consequently weighted with lug- 
gage. Judge Clement has preserved the me- 
mories of the sufferings of the New Jersey 
people caused by them. They brought with 
them a host of camp followers, debased wo- 
men, who would enter private houses, carry off 
such things as they might select, and if inter- 
fered with, would insult the owners by 
wicked conduct and obscene language. They 
were outside of military control, and the offi- 
cers would not interfere with them. To save 
what they might, the residents drove their 
cattle to secret places, buried valuables and 
household adornments in the ground and hid 
their provisions. The lax discipline of the 
British, however, was an eventual advantage 
to the Americans, for it contributed to the 
victory which Washington gained over tiiem 
at ^lonmouth on June "i.Sth. 

The Haddonfield farmers formed a league 
for the protection of their horses and cattle. 
In a low, swampy piece of timber land, about 
two miles east of the village, and familiarly 
known as " Charleston," now part of the 
farm of George C. Kay, Esq., several acres 
were surrounded with a strong, high fence, 
and there the stock was secluded whenever 
in danger. Once the league's secret was be- 
trayed by Jacob Wine, a man in their em- 
ploy, and the British seized every animal 
within the stockade, but in being removed 
the horses were stampeded and fled into the 
forests near Ellisburg, whence the owners 
subsequently rescued them. 



Some of Old Gloiickstku County's 
Heroes. — The most prominent military 
characters of the county of Gloucester at the 
commencement of the War of the Revolu- 
tion, were Colonels Joseph Ellis, Josiali 
Ilillman, Joseph Hugg and Robert Brown, 
Major William Ellis, Captains Samuel Hugg, 
John Stokes and John Davis. 

Colonel Ellis had commanded a company 
in Canada in the French and Indian War, 
but on the opening of the i.ssue between the 
mother-country and the colonies he resigned 
the commission he held of the King and was 
made a colonel in the Gloucester militia. 
He was in the battle of Monmouth and sev- 
eral other engagements, in all of which he 
fought bravely. 

Colonel Hillman was esteemed a gooil offi- 
cer and saw much hard .service. 

Colonel Hugg was appointed commissary 
of purchase for West Jersey at an early 
stage of the war, and in that capacity did 
much for the cause. He was in the battles 
of Germantown, Shorthills and Monmouth ; 
and when the British crossed from Philadel- 
phia to New York he was detailed to drive 
away the .stock along their line of march, in 
performing which duty he had many narrow 
escapes from the enemy's light hor.se. 

Colonel Brown lived at Swedesboro', and 
his regiment was chiefly employed in pre- 
venting the enemy from landing from their 
ships and restraining the excursions of the 
refugees from Billingsport. 

Major Ellis was taken prisoner early in 
the war, and kept for a long time upon Long 
Island. 

Captain Samuel Hugg and Frederick Fre- 
liughuysen were appointed by an act of the 
Legislature to command the first two com- 
panies of artillery raised in New Jersey — 
Captain Hugg in the Western and Captain 
Frelinghuy.sen in the I];istcrn Division. The 
former soon raised his company, and in it 
were a number of young men of fortune and 
the first families in the State, the Westcoats, 



60 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Elmers, Seeleys and others, men who after- 
wards occupied distinguislied posts in the 
local and national governments. This com- 
pany was at the battles of Trenton and 
Princeton. When the " Roebuck," (44) was 
engaged in protecting the operations against 
the chevaux-de-frise at Billingsport, Captain 
Hugg's artillerists threw up a small breast- 
work on the Jersey shore and fought here 
during a whole daj' ; but unfortunately their 
first sergeant, William Ellis, was killed by 
a cannon-ball, which took oif both his legs 
above the knees. This Ellis was an English- 
man and had been for several years a recruit- 
ing officer for the British service in Phila- 
delphia. He joined the American cause 
early — like his namesake, was a very brave 
man — and died much regrettetl by his com- 
j)anions-in-arms. 

Captain Stokes commanded a company of 
mere boys, made up from some of the best 
families in Gloucester County. These fellows 
were at the battle of Monmouth, but Colonel 
Hillman sent them to the rear to guard the 
baggage. Stokes was often heard to say 
afterward that he " never saw so mad a set 
of youngsters" as these were on being as- 
signed to so safe a post. They cried with 
rage at being stationed there after having 
marched so far to see what fighting was. 

Among those who enlisted in the service 
from the Haddonfield region were John 
Stafford, James B. Cooper and John Mapes. 
Because of Stafford's stalwart figure and 
erect military l)earing, he was selected as one 
of Wasliington's body-guard, but at the 
battl(! of (iermantowu was so badly woinided 
by a shot in the thigh that he was retired 
from active service. Cooper and Mapes 
fought in Harry Lee's Ijight Dragoons, and, 
after the war, the former commanded several 
merchant-ships sailing out of Philadelphia. 
When hostilities with (Jreat Britain began, 
in 1812, he accepted a commission in the 
United States navy, and i"ose to the rank of 
post-caj)lain. " Mapes," we are told by 



Judge Clement, " settled a few miles from 
the place and took much pleasure in con- 
versing about the ' Old War,' as he called it. 
He was a genial, pleasant man ; woi'e a 
broad-brimmed hat, with his long clay pipe 
twisted in the band, never passing an oppor- 
tunity for using it. His familiar salutation 
of ' My darling fellow,' whenever he met a 
friend, is still remembered by the people, 
whether it was at a public gathering or by 
his own fireside. Not having much of this 
world's goods, and living to a ripe old age, 
the pension allotted him by Congress was 
the means of making him comfortable in his 
latter days." 

Captain James B. Cooper was the only 
child of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Hopwell) 
Cooper, and was born at Coopers Point, Cam- 
den. Although of Quaker ancestors and edu- 
cated in the faith and belief of that Society, yet 
in his youth being frequently the observant 
of military excitement, he early in life 
coveted the desire to become a soldier. 
The home of his parents was for a time the 
rendezvous of either American or British 
troops, and as a boy he became familiar with 
many stirring events of that period. His 
father's commands nor his mother's persua- 
sions and tender solicitude, would not deter 
him from joiningthe parti.--an corps of Colonel 
Henry Lee, of the American Army and al- 
though underage, he managed togettheconsent 
of the commander to follow his forttnies during 
the stoi-my times of that eventful war. With 
others of the neighborhood about, he was 
mounted and .soon became expert in the diffi- 
cult drill of a cavalryman and a favorite 
with his companions. He saw much active 
service, was at the capture of Stony Point 
and Paulus Hook, in New York, was at the 
battle of Guilford Court-House and Entaw 
Spring.s, in South Carolina, assisted in the 
stt)rming of Forts Watson, Mott and Granby, 
in the last-named State, and was present at 
the engagements before Galpin and Augusta, 
in Geory-ia. He was selec^ted bv Colonel Lee 




J V 




THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 



61 



as the bearer of dispatches to theooiumaiKler- 
in-chief, and was entrusted with a flag of 
truce to theBritisli military authorities, which, 
under the circumstances, was a delicate and 
important duty. Many incidents of that 
event, as related by himself, and to which he 
was an eye-witness, are now forgotten. He 
lived long enougli, however, after the war to 
see his country prosperous and her institu- 
tions command the respect of the nations of 
the world. 

After the close of the war he adopted a 
sea-faring life, and soon rose to the command 
of some of the best ships that sailed out of 
Philadelphia. Upon the opening of the War 
of 1812, he accepted the position of .sailing- 
master in the navy, but was promoted to the 
rank of lieutenant for valuable services. At 
one time he had charge of the gun-boats on 
the New Jersey coast, placed there to prevent 
the depredations of the English cruisers. This 
was a dangerous position, for his vessels, 
although good sailors, were deficient in 
the weight of their guns. He had a wary 
and bold enemy to contend with, which 
required all his ingenuity to avoid, yet keep 
watch of their movements .so as to inform 
his superiors in command of a larger craft. 

He saw some service after this war, and in 
1834 took charge of the Naval A.syluni at 
Philadelphia, where he i-emained several 
years. After that duty he returned to Ilad- 
donfield, and there lived in the enjoyment of 
a ripe old age, surrounded by his family ami 
many friends. During this time he was 
advanced to the rank of post-captain as a 
compliment for his service through two wars 
of the nation. He died February 5, ] 854, 
in the ninety-third year of his age, and his 
remains lie in the Friends' grave-yard at 
Haddonfield, without any monument to show 
his last resting-place. 

Chews Landing, at the head of naviga- 
tion on Timber Creek, got its name from the 
family of a steadfast patriot, Aaron Chew, 
who, while enjoying a furlough from the 



army, was chased into the old tavern on the 
hill by British cavalry. They tired several 
volleys into the building, where the bullet- 
holes may yet be seen, and Chew was made 
prisoner as he fled. Confined in a prison- 
ship in New York, he was one of the many 
Gloucester men who endured extreme torture 
in those filthy, dark and crowded hulks. 

Attempt to Steal the Records of 
Continental Congre.s.s. — James Moody's 
attempt to steal the records of the Continen- 
tal Congress is an episode of the war which 
culminated at Camden. He was a Tory 
and a lieutenant in Skinner's brigade of the 
British army, and had made him.self famous 
for his daring and his intense hatred of the 
patriots long before he undertook the adven- 
ture which proved so signal a failure. One Ad- 
dison, an Englishman by birth, but who 
had become a thorough American in feeling, 
was employed, in a clerical capacity, by 
Charles Thomson, .secretary of the Conti- 
nental Congress. Having been captured by 
the British and imprisoned in New York, 
he proposed to Major Beckwith, aide-de- 
camp to the Hessian general Knyphausen, 
that if he was released or exchanged, he 
would steal the .secret docunuents of Congress 
and place them in the custody of the agent 
whom Knyphausen might designate. Beck- 
with fell into the trap set by the cunning 
iMiglishman, and enlisted Moody, who had 
on several occasions captured the dispatches 
of Washington and other .American com- 
manders, and was entirely familiar with the 
country. Moody was equally hoodwinked, 
and leagued with himself his brother and an- 
other Tory named Marr. Addison was .set 
fr(>e and left New York for Philadelphia. 
Moody and his aids followed him, and, on 
November 7, 1781, they met Moody on the 
Camden side of the Delaware. What fol- 
lowed is told by the Tory himself in a little 
pamphlet which he wrote. When old and 
poor he sought refuge in Jllngland and be- 
sousilit the British tfovernment for assistance: 



62 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



" Lieutenant Moody kept a little back, at such a 
distance as not to have his person distinguished, 
yet so as to be within hearing of the conversation 
that passed. His brother and Marr, on going up 
to Addison, found him apparently full of confi- 
dence and in high spirits, and everything seemed 
to promise success. He told them that their plot 
was perfectly ripe for execution, that he had se- 
cured the means of admission into the most pri- 
vate recesses of the State-House, so that he should 
be able the next evening to deliver to them the 
papers they were in quest of. . . . Soon after 
they crossed the river to Philadelphia, and it is 
probable that on the passage Addison was for the 
first time informed that their friend was Lieutenant 
Moody. Whether it was this discovery that put 
it first into his head, or whether he had all along 
intended it and had already taken the necessary 
previous steps, the lieutenant cannot certainly say, 
but he assures himself that every generous-minded 
man will be shocked when he reads that this per- 
fidious wretch had either sold or was about to sell 
them to the Congress. 

" As the precise time in which they should be 
able to execute their plan could not be astertained, 
it was agreed that Lieutenant Moody should re- 
main at the ferry-house opposite to Philadelphia 
till they returned. On going into the house, he 
told the mistress of it by a convenient equivoca- 
tion that he was an officer of the Jersey brigade, 
as he really was, though of that Jersey brigade 
which was in the King's service. The woman un- 
derstood him as speaking of a rebel corps, which 
was also called the Jersey brigade. To avoid 
notice, he pretended to be indisposed, and going 
up-stairs, he threw himself upon a bed and here 
continued to keep his room, but always awake and 
always on the watch. Next morning about eleven 
o'clock he saw a man walk hastily up to the house 
and overheard him telling some {>erson at the 
door that ' there was the devil to pay in Philadel- 
phia, that there had been a plot to break into the 
State-House, but that one of the party had be- 
trayed the others, that two were already taken, and 
that a party of soldiers had just crossed the river 
with him to seize their leader, who was said to be 
hereabouts.' The lieutenant felt himself to be 
too nearly interested in this intelligence any longer 
to keep up the appearance of a sick man, and seiz- 
ing his pistols, he instantly ran down-stairs and 
made his escape. 



" He had not got a hundred yards from the 
house when he saw the soldiers enter it. A small 
piece of woods lay before him, in which he hoped, 
at least, to be out of sight, and he had sprung the 
fence in order to enter it. But it was already 
lined by a party of horse with a view of cutting 
off his retreat. Thus surrounded, all hopes of flight 
were in vain, and to seek for a hiding-place in a 
clear, open field seemed equally useless. With 
hardly a hope of escaping so much as a moment 
longer undiscovered, he threw himself flat on his 
face in a ditch, which yet seemed of all places the 
least calculated for concealment, for it was without 
weeds or shrubs and so shallow that a quail might 
be seen in it; . . . yet, as Providence ordered it, the 
improbability of the place proved the means of 
his security. He had lain there but a few minutes, 
when six of his pursuers passed within ten feet of 
hinf and very diligently examined a thickety part 
of the ditch that was but a few paces from him. 
With his pistols cocked, he kept his eye constantly 
upon them, determining that as soon as he saw 
himself to be discovered by any of them, he would 
instantly spring up and sell his life as dearly as 
might be, and, refusing to be taken alive, provoke, 
and if pos.sib!e, force them to kill him. Once or 
twice he thought he saw one of the soldiers look 
at him, and he was on the point of shooting the 
man. . . From the ditch they went all around the ad- 
jacent field, and, as Lieutenant Moody sometimes a 
little raised up his head, he saw them frequently 
running their bayonets into some tall stacks of 
Indian corn fodder. This suggested to him an 
idea that if he could escape till night, a place they 
had already explored would be the securest place 
for him. When night came he got into one of 
those stacks. The wind was high, which prevented 
the rustling of the leaves of the fodder as he en- 
tered from being heard by the people who were 
passing close by him into the country in quest of 
him. His position in this retreat was very uncom- 
fortable, for he could neither sit nor lie down. In 
this erect posture, however, he remained two 
nights and two days without a morsel of food, for 
there was no corn on the stalks, and, which was in- 
finitely more intolerable, without drink. We must 
not relate, for reasons which may be easily imag- 
ined, what became of him immediately after his 
coming out of this uneasy prison, but we will ven- 
ture to inform the readers that on the fifth night 
after his elopement from the ferry-house he 



THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 



6;^ 



searched the banks of the Delaware until he had 
the good fortune to meet with a small boat. Into 
this he jumped and rowed a considerable way up 
the river. In due time he left his boat, and, re- 
lying on the aid of Loyalists, after many circui- 
tous marches, all in the night, and through path- 
less courses, in about five days he once more ar- 
rived at New York." 

Local Patriotism. — The leading fami- 
lies in the Gloucester ueighborhood are de- 
scribed by Judge Clement as being strongly 
imbued with the sjiirit of liberty, and no op- 
portunity was passed for giving information 
that would asssist the Continental cause. 

"To insure protection the enemy's pickets were 
kept on and along the King's road, which crossed 
Little Timber Creek at the Two Tuns tav- 
ern, kept by an old lady known as Aunty High 
Cap. The road extending southerly, passed close 
in front of the Browning homestead and over Big 
Timber Creek, where the old bridge formerly stood. 
Going southerly from the old tavern, it went near 
the former residence of Jonathan Atkinson and 
through Mount Ephraim toward Haddonfield. The 
section of country lying between this old road and 
the river was the scene of many encounters, num- 
berless reconuoissances and much strategy, and 
traditions are still remembered touching their pur- 
pose and success, while others are lost sight of and 
forgotten. All these grew out of the increasing 
vigilance of the people toward their common en- 
emy. Aunty High Cap's was the hostelry where 
the British officers most did congregate, where 
military rank and discipline were laid aside, and 
where the feast of reason and flow of soul was most 
enjoyed." 

At one of these revels an officer was killed 
by a rifle-shot fired by a man standing on the 
porch of the Atkinson residence, at least a 
mile distant, and many of the English believed 
that it was not accidental, but rather an un- 
welcome evidence of the expertness of New 
Jersey marksmen. 

The ocem side of Old Gloucester, that 
which is now comprised in Atlantic County, 
was the locality of some memorable Revolu- 
tionary incidents. Smugglers, who.se object it 



was to run goods, espeoially groceries and 
liquors, through the British lines and into 
Philadelphia, abounded along the coast, and 
undertook many intrepid operations. In 
light-draft vessels they stole up Mullica 
River to the forks of Egg Harbor, where the 
contraband stuff was placed upon wagons and 
hauled across the country, passing through 
Haddonfield on the way to a profitable mar- 
ket in the city. Almost every swamp along 
the route had its secu-et places of deposit, and 
the loyalty of the people to the American 
cause had much to do witii making this kind 
i)f trade successful. 

Egg Harbor was a station on the route of 
the refugees who were passing north and 
south during the war or following the move- 
ments of the British forces, with whom alone 
they were safe from their indignant country- 
men. They had innumerable encounters with 
the hardy sailors and fishermen along the 
shore, who were zealous Americans and ever 
ready to display their abomination of the ad- 
herents of royalty. The New Jersey State 
Gazette, which was published at Trenton, 
contains in its files the following record of 
events of that period on the Gloucester sea- 
front : 

"March 31, 1779. — In the late snow-storm the 
transport ship 'Mermaid,' of Whitehaven, England, 
with troops from Halifax bound to New York, was 
driven on shore and bilged at Egg Harbor. After 
being in this miserable situation from five o'clock 
on Monday morning until noon on Tuesday, a boat 
came oflT to their relief and saved only forty-two 
souls out of one hundred and eighty-seven." 

"August 25, 1779. — By a sailor from Egg Har- 
bor we are informed that on Wednesday last the 
schooner ' Mars,' Captain Taylor, fell in with a ves- 
sel mounting fourteen guns, which he boarded and 
took. She proved to be a British packet from 
Falmouth, England, to New York. Captain Tay- 
lor took the mail and prisoners, forty-five in num- 
ber; but on Saturday last fell in with a fleet of 
twenty-three sail, under convoy of a large ship and 
frigate, when the latter gave chase to the frigate 



64 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



and retook her. Captain Taylor got safe into Egg 
Harbor." 

"Septe!iiber 11, 1782.— Last week Captain Doug- 
lass, with some of the militia of Gloucester Coun- 
ty, attacked a refugee boat at Egg Harbor, with 
eighteen refugees on board, of whom fourteen were 
shot or drowned ; the rest made their escape." 

" December 18, 1782. — Captain Jackson, of the 
'Greyhound,' on the evening of Sunday, last week, 
with much address within the Hook the schooner 
' Dolphin ' and sloop ' Diamond,' bound from New 
York to Halifax, and brought them both into Egg 
Harbor. These vessels were both condemned to 
the claimants, and the amount of sales amounted 
to £10,500." 

Thus privateering, fighting, smuggling and 
saving the lives of the shipwrecked enemy 
combined to furnish exciting employment 
and perilous adventure to the dwellers by the 
seaboard. In 1781-82 they were pestered 
with parties of Cornwallis' troops, who had 
escaped from the Virginia cantonment in 
which they were confined after his surrender 
at Yorktown, and were making their way to 
New York. Captain John Davis was posted 
with a company at Egg Harbor to look out 
for the fugitives, and got wind of a party of 
twenty-one, who were concealed iu the woods 
and waiting for a vessel to take them off. 
He ambushed nineteen men near where they 
were to embark, and when they appeared on 
the shore, he killed or recaptured every one 
of them after a hand-to-hand fight. 

Mickle obtained from some of the survi- 
vors of the war another incident of Davis' 
expedition, which he thus relates, — 

"On one occasion hi.s (Davis') lieutenant, Ben- 
jamin Bates, with Richard Powell, a [irivate, called 
at a house where Davis had been informed that 
two refugee officers were lodging. Bates got to 
the house before any of the family had risen, ex- 
cept two girls, who were making a fire in the 
kitchen. He inquired if there were any persons 
in the house beside the family, and was answered, 
' None except two men from up in the country.' 
He bade the girls show him where they were, which 
they did. In passing through a room separating 
the kitchen from the bed-room, he saw two pistols 



lying on a table. Knocking at the door, he was 
refused admittance, but finding him determined to 
enter, the two refugees finally let him in. They 
refused to tell their names, but were afterwards 
found to be William Giberson and Henry Lane, 
refugee lieutenants, the former a notorious rascal 
who had committed many outrages and killed one 
or two Americans in cold blood. On their way to 
the quarters of Davis' company, Giberson called 
Bates' attention to something he pretended to see 
at a distance, and while Bates was looking in that 
direction Giberson started in another, and, being 
a very fast runner, although Bates fired his musket 
at him, he managed to escape. 

" Davis, on being informed of what had hap- 
pened, told Bates to try again the next night. 
Accordingly the next night he went to the same 
house. While in the act of opening the door he 
heard the click of a musket-cock behind a large 
tree within a few feet of him. He dropped on his 
knees, and the ball cut the rim of his hat. Giber- 
son started to run, but before he had got many 
rods Bates gave him a load of buck-shot, which 
broke his leg. He was well guarded until he could 
be removed, with Lane, to Burlington gaol, from 
which, however, he soon made his escape and went 
to New York." 

The same writer, who is borne out by the 
Historical Collections in this matter, states 
that Elijah Clark and Richard Westcott 
built, at their own expen.se, a small fort at 
the Fox Burrows, on Chestnut Neck, " near 
the port of Little Egg Harbor," and bought 
for it a number of cannon for the defense of 
the port. While the Revolutionary Legisla- 
ture was in session at Haddonfield, in Sep- 
tember, 1777, the two branches pas.sed a 
resolution for paying Chirk and Westcott 
four hundred and thirty pounds for this 
fort, wliicii at one time was dcl'ended by 
fifteen hundred of the shore men, who evac- 
uateil it upon the enemy ascending the river 
in great force in barges. 

After the retreat of the British to New 
York, as a residt of the battle of Monmouth, 
Gloucester County was free from the pres- 
ence of the enemy during the remainder of 
the war, except iis it was traversed by the 



THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 



65 



refugees ami e,<f'a[)ing prisoners first spoken 
of. Her ardent patriots welcomed witli 
extreme joy the alliance concluded with 
Fi-ance on February 6, 1778, which stimu- 
lated recruiting for the depleted ranks of the 
regiments of the Line. They maintained un- 
broken their good reputation except when, in 
tlie middle of . January, 1781, a portion of the 
i)rigade, then stationed at Ponipton, revolted 
and marched to Chatham, in Middlesex 
County. They were suffering from the 
extremity of want. They had enlisted for 
the term of three years or during the war. 
The officers contended that the meaning of 
the argument was that they shoidd serve 
until the war closed ; the men claimed that 
they could not be held after the three years 
had elapsed. Washington immediately dis- 
patched General Robert Howe with five 
hundred . regidars to march against the 
mutineers and subdue them by force. They 
were taken by sur[)rise and yielded at onir. 
'i'welve of the principal offenders were com- 
|)eiled to select two of the ringleaders, who 
were promptly executed and order was com- 
pletely restored. 

The Council of Safety at Haodox- 
FiEi-D. — Messrs. Barber and Howe, in pre- 
paring the New Jersey " Historical Collec- 
tions " in 1 843, vouched for the truth of the 
allegation that the Continental Congress 
" sat for several weeks in Haddonfiehl dur- 
ing the war, in the house built by Matthias 
Aspden, and boarded about among the in- 
habitants." This is one of the legends of 
the town, and these authors seem to have 
accepted it without seeking for verification. 
Mickle, two years later, was more careful, 
and, as a result of his inquiry, intimates that 
Barber and Howe confounded the Provincial 
Congress of New tlersey with the Continen- 
tal Congress. The minutes of the latter do 
not show any session at Haddonfield, al- 
though some State papers of 1778 are dated 
at the town. Captain James B. Cooper, a 
contemporary witness, who was not likely to 
'J 



be ignorant of aTiy incident of the Kcvohi- 
tion occurring in that neighborhood, was 
exceedingly skeptical regarding the assi'rtion 
so confidently made by the writers of the 
" Collections," l)ut had a perfect recollection 
of tlie brief session of the Provincial Congress 
at Haddonfield. 

A body, however, which did sit at Had- 
donfield, and there [lerformed some of its 
functions of the first importance in strength- 
ening the hands of the patriot government in 
New Jersey, was the Council of Safety of 
1777. It met in the old tavern-house now 
occu[)ieil by George W. Stillwell, as a tem- 
perance hotel, convening for its first session 
on Man'h IStli. The members, who were 
appointed by the Legislature, were .John 
Cleves Symmes, William Patterson, Na- 
thaniel Scudder, Theophilus Elmer, Silas 
Condict, John Hart, John Mehelm, Samuel 
Dick, John Combe, Calel) Camp, Edmund 
^\'etherby and John Manning. These men 
\\\'re selected carefully for the discharge of 
the arduous and delicate duties imposed upon 
them. Entrusted specially with power to 
arrest, try and punish persons suspected of 
Toryism, their authoritj' was almost without 
limit. The Council was tlu' ri'|)resentative 
of the Ijegislature during the recesses of the 
latter, and it was clothed also with judicial, 
executive and (piasi-military functions. More- 
over, it could appropriate such sums of money 
from the State treasury as wei-e ni'e<led to 
carry on its operations, and could also make 
appointments of officers in the military con- 
tingent of the State and issue commissions to 
its appointees. A strong detail of Arnold's 
men attended all its movements, and it was 
entitled to call out the militia to enforce its 
decrees. While it sat at Haddonfield it 
kept two guard-houses' well filled with it.s 
prisoners, and every patriot was in some 

' One still stamls opposite to the place of tiieir ilelili- 
erations, now occupied by Zebedee Tompkins, and I he 
other was recently owned and occupied by Br. I. W. 

Ileulings. — CZf'»f«('.? Rrvohitio-nary Reminiscences. 



66 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



manner an amateur detective, who reported 
to the Council his neighbors supposed to 
entertain hostility to the cause of indepen- 
dence. 

Wielding such formidable weapons, the 
Council was the terror of the American 
friends of England. Governor Livingston 
sat at its deliberations and usually presided. 
There was the single appeal from the deci- 
sions of a majority of the Councillors that an 
accused person could enter bail and carry his 
case to court ; but if he refused to give 
security or take the oath of loyalty, he was 
peremptorily imprisoned and held at their 
pleasure. At their first meeting they disposed 
of the cases of fourteen alleged Tories ; and it 
was not uncommon for them to try from twenty 
to thirty in a day. They sat at Haddonfield 
on March 18th and 19th, then adjourning to 
Bordentown, and the sutijoined extracts from 
the minutes of the 19th are a fair sample of 
their work and also their manner of execut- 
ing it : 

" The Board entered upon tlie examination of 
the prisoners sent to Haddonfield some time since 
by General Putnam. Abraham Briton, Jonathan 
Forman and Robert Barns, having been examined, 
took and subscribed the oaths of abjuration and 
allegiance, as by law a]>iiointed, and were dis- 
charged. 

"Anthony Woodward, son ol William, having 
been examined, being one of the people called 
Quakers, took affirmations to the effect of the 
oaths above mentioned, and entered into recog- 
nizance with David Hurley, his surety, in £300 
each, before Mr. Justice Symraes, for liis appear- 
ance at the next Court of Oyer and Terminer, to 
be field in the County of Monmouth, and in the 
meantime to be of good behavior, and was there- 
upon dismissed. Moses Ivins, being examined, 
acknowledged that he had given bond to tlie late 
convention in £500 conditional for his good be- 
havior towards the State, and having entered into 
recognizance with Abraliam Britt)n, his surety, in 
E300 each to appear, etc., as in the case of .\n- 
thony Woodward, was dismissed. 

" Ordered, That the prisoners lately ordered to 
be brought from Frederick Town in Maryland and 
lodged in the gaol of the C'onnty of Raleni, be con- 



ducted under guard to Bordentown, so as to be 
there by Wednesday next, or as soon thereafter as 
may be convenient ; and that Col. Dick be desired 
to detach so many of the militia of his battalion 
as may be necessary to carry this order into exe- 
cution. 

"An account of Capt. Elisha Walton for sub- 
sisting a guard and six prisoners belonging to 
Pennsylvania at and from Haddonfield to Phila- 
delphia on the ISth and li>th instants, amounting 
to £4 7.«. fid., was laid before the Board. Ordered 
that the same be paid.'" 

The Council opened its .second .session at 
Haddonfield on May 10, 1777, and from 
thence until Jiuie 9th met there nearly every 
day, and such was the press of labor u])on it 
that if frequently held two and .sometimes 
three meetings daily. Its time was largely 
taken up with the proceedings against John 
Henchman, the owner of a very large and 
valuable estate in the township, and the 
descendant of the settler of the same name a 
century previous. Henchman came under 
suspicion as a Loyalist, and among the wif- 
nes.ses against him in the preliminary pro- 
ceedings were Capt. Samuel Hugg, Joseph 
Hugg, Samuel Harrison, Capt. William 
Harrison, William Noitou and John Estaugh 
Hopkins. The grounds of the charges ap- 
pear in the record of Capt. Hugg's testi- 
mony, in which it is stated that he "can give 
some account of the ,s-\id Hencliman's pro- 
ducing his former commission under the 
crown to some British officers at the Black 
Horse as a pass and of his inviting .some 
British offic»'rs to his sister's house at Mount 
Holly." 

The minutes of . I line oth eontiuiie the 
ca.sc thus : 

" .lohn llenehnian, I'^s.i., appear^ liefore the 
l{oard pursuant to citation, and the charges against 
him being read, he was permitted to offer any- 
thing m his power by way of palliation, and after 
being heard wiis ordered to witlidraw. 

" The Council taking Mr. Henchman's case into 
their consideration, and being of the opinion that 
the cliarges against liim did not fully indicate a 
malicious intention, but that the said charges did 



THK WAK OF 'nil.; KKVOIJJTION. 



ti7 



lix liim uuder a strong suspit-ioii of disalli'ctiou to 
I 111' United States. 

" Agreed, therefore, tliat Mr. Hendiman be again 
called into Conncil, and that the oath.s of abjura- 
tion and allegiance be tendered to him according 
to law. 

'■ >[r. Henchman appeared accordingly, and the 
.said oaths were tendered him in Council, which he 
refused to take and subscribe, but was willing to be 
bound with surety for his appearance at the next 
Court of General Quarter Sessions ; and the said 
John Henchman did accordingly enter into recog- 
nizance with Jacob Clement in the sum of £300 
each, before the Governor and Council of Safety 
for his appearance at the next Court of General 
Quarter Sessions of tlie peace of the County of 
Gloucester, there to answer to such charges as shall 
be exhibited against him on behalf of the State ; 
and, in the meantime, be of the peace and of the 
good behavior, and was thereupon dismissed." 

Several other citizeii.s of (xloiieester were 
uiiiler examiuatioii by the Council at thi.s 
time. George Rapalje wa.s eonimitted on May 
'21st, to jail, — 

"For advisedly and willingly by speech, writing, 
open deed and act, maintaining and defending the 
authority, jurisdiction and power of the King of 
Great Britain as heretofore claimed within this 
State." 

( )n May ."Ust, Richard Snowdou retused to 
take the oath of allegiance or to give bail for 
court aud wa.s placed in the sheriff's custody. 
Hownumeroiis were tiie offencesof which men 
might be accused was instanced in the case 
of Thomas Woodward, a Friend, .son of 
Anthony, for whom a warrant of arrest was 
issued, ciiarging him " with maliciously and 
advisedly saying and doing things encourag- 
ing disaffection, and with maliciously and 
advi.scdly spreading such false rumors con- 
cerning the American forces and the forces 
of the enemy as tend to alienate the affec- 
tions of the people from the government aud 
to terrify and discourage the good subjects of 
this State, and to dispose tliem to favour the 
pretensions of the enemies of this State." 

After a short sitting at Morristown the 
Council returned to Haddonfield on Septem- 
ber r2th. Changes had been made iu the 



pt'rmtuui, tlic members then being Silas 
Condict, Win. Patterson, NatJKiniel Scudder, 
Thomas Elmer, John Hart, Benjamin Man- 
ning, Peter Tallmann, Joiui Mehelm, Caleb 
( "amp, Jacob Drake, Jonathan Bowen, John 
Combs, John Buck, \Vm. Peartree Smith, 
Fred'k Frelingluiysen and Edward Plem- 
ing. Little oi" importance was accomplished 
at this session, (iloucester County having 
been restored t(j comparative quiet, and the 
most of the guard was sunt tct Burlington, 
where the jail was over(;rowded with Tory 
suspects. Thomas Hootoii, of Gloucester, 
was arrestetl, but released upon swearing to 
his loyalty, and John Carty was sent into the 
enemy's lines, this being one of the methods 
of getting rid of disaffected persons whom it 
was not deemed politic to imprison. A sample 
order of the kind was that issued regarding 
Richard Wain, who was a land-holder in 
Gloucester County, — 

" October 7th. — Rioliard Wain (one of the peo- 
jde called Quakers) being concerned before the 
Board, and affirmations to the effect of the Oaths 
of Abjuration and allegiance, being tendered to 
him pursuant to law, he refused to take them, but 
being willing to go with his family into the ene- 
my's lines, and he appearing to the Board too dan- 
gerous to remain iu the State, the Council agreed 
that the said Richard Wain have leave to go witli 
his family into tlie enemy's lines on Staten Island 
in five days from the date hereof" 

The exchange of [)risoners was another mat- 
ter within the jurisdiction of the Council, aud 
early in its proceedings it made the rule of 
giving a soldier for a soldier, a civilian for a 
civilian. Through this system numerous 
Tories were handed over to the Britisli, 
while valuable patriots whom the enemy had 
incarcerated were reclaimed \(> the national 
service. A reserve of prisoners was occa- 
sionally held with a view to such a transfer, 
and there are quite a number of cases like 
that of Joseph King, who, being "too dan- 
gerous a person to be suffered to beat large," 
was ordered " taken and kept in safe custody 
in order to be exchanged." 



68 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Quittiuo; Hadilonfiekl ou September 2Gth, 
the Council fled to Princeton and then to 
Pittstowu, to be safely out of the way of 
British raiders. While at the latter place, 
on October 18th, it appointed commissioners 
to raise recruits and apprehend deserters, 
those for Gloucester County being Joseph 
Estell, William Price, Colonel Josiah Hil- 
man and James Tallman, who were com- 
manded to rendezvous at A\'oodbury. The 
following minute appears of December Pith : 

" Application was made to the Board for the 
payment of money due to the militia in the county 
of Gloucester, under the command of Colonel 
Ellis. 

" Agreed that Colonel Ellis be informed by letter 
that the Legislature have directed the delegates 
to obtain from Congress the sum of £120,000 for 
discharging the debt due to the militia of this 
State, and that the proportion of $16,000, when 
obtained, will be paid into the hands of Thomas 
Carpenter for the payment of the militia of 
Glouc'ester and Salem." 

The Hessian marauders were scouring 
Southern New Jersey for better food than 
King George's rations, and Colonel Ellis, 
commandant of the Gloucester militia, was 
authorized to remove any cattle, sheep and 
hogs (excepting milch cows) from any places 
where he thought them in danger of falling 
into the enemy's hands to places of greater 
security, and upon tlie owners refusing to do 
so, after first giving notice to the owners, who 
may take care of tliem at their expense. 
This measure not proving extreme enough, 
Colonel Ellis was directed to remove all the 
horned cattle, sheep, hogs and all cows 
wiiicli do not give milk from the vicinity of 
the Jersey shore, in the counties of Burling- 
ton, Gloucester and Salem, that may be 
within the reach of the enemy's foraging 
parties, except such as might be really neces- 
sary for the inhabitants (the owners refusing 
to do it on notice given to them for that 
purpose), and that the general (Washington) 
be informed that the powers lodged in the 
Council of Safety are inadecjuate to the 



requisition of having the forage removed, 
and that it be recommended to him to exer- 
cise his own authority in having it effected. 
This stripping of the country of provender in 
order that the enemy might not obtain it 
speaks eloquently of the .straits to which this 
section of the State was reduced. 

These stern Councillors were obliged to be 
no respectors of the sex. The wives and 
daughters of Tories were as inimical to the 
republic as their husbands and fathers, and 
when the men had gone into the British 
service the women left behind frequently be- 
came adroit and successful spies upon the 
movements of the patriots. Hence the 
Council applied to them the extreme rigors 
of the treason law and either sent them 
after their male protectors into the British 
lines, locked them up in jail or held them in 
heavy bonds for their good behavior. Tho.se 
to be sent into the enemy's camp were usually 
assembled at Elizabeth, from whence it was 
an easy task to transfer them under a flag of 
truce to the headquarters on Staten Island. 
While sitting at Trenton, on March 27, 
1778, the Council had to deal with a .squad 
of suspects who had been brought in from 
Gloucester County, and passed the following 
orders regarding them ; 

" That William and Thomas .Tones be committed 
to gaol for trial. 

" That Jacob Shoulder, Jacob Mouse, Isaac 
Zane and Samuel Hewling have five days to de- 
termine whether they will enlist into the Conti- 
nental service during the war or be committed for 
their trial for going into the enemy's lines and 
returning into this State contrary to law. 

" That Jacob Jones, Gunrod Shoemaker, Wil- 
liam Davenport, Thomas Smith and a negro man 
belonging to John Cox be discharged, the former 
four on taking the oath to government prescribed 
by law. 

" And that Daniel Murray and Blakey Hurltey, 
suspected of being spies from the enemy, and also 
for endeavoring to pass counterfeit money found 
upon them, be sent to headquartei's." 

On June otli, John Kirby, Benjamin 
Allen, Urich W est and Jesse Sirrau, all of 



THK WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 



69 



(iloucester Couuty, were exumiued " for joiu- 
iiig tlie enemy," but there were also lield in 
reserve against them accusations of" mis- 
prision of treason and of counterfeiting tlie 
State currency, which later was a very com- 
mon offence until the bills of credit which 
<lid duty as a circulating medium became so 
depreciated in value tliat the labors of tiic 
counterfeiter were profitless. On August 4th, 
the Council being then at Morristown, it com- 
mitted to the Gloucester (Jounty jail Isaac 
Lloyd, Samuel Lippiucott, Joseph Myers, 
Lawrence Cox, David Carter, Jacob Justine, 
A\'iiliam Kennack and Jesse Sirran, who 
were believed to have given aid and comfort 
to the enemy. 

The final records of the Council are dated 
at Princeton, October 8, 1778. Its member- 
ship had then been increased to twenty. Mr. 
Frelinghuysen and Mr. Combs had retired, 
and Messrs. Cooper, Imlay, Linn, Craue, 
Fennemore, Cook and Keasby had been 
l)rought in. The last proceedings having 
connection with Gloucester County affairs 
were the passage of a resolution for the re- 
payment to Councillor Camp of fourteen 
pounds, "by him advanced to Isaac Coxe, ser- 
geant of the guard at Haddonfield, in ]xut 
pay for the said guard." 

The ^YEST Jersey Co.viiMANDs. — Men- 
tion has already been made of the formation 
of the battalions commanded by Lord Stir- 
ling and Colonel Maxwell. These were the 
first organizations of the " Jersey Line." 
Tlie privates were enlisted for one year, at 
five dollars per month, and were allowed, in 
place of bounty, "a felt hat, a pair of yarn 
stockings and a pair of shoes," but were to 
furnish their own arms. On January 8, 
1776, the West Jersey (Maxwell's) battalion 
was ordered to report to General Schuyler, at 
Albany. Authority for the formation of a 
third battalion, of which I^lias Dayton was 
made colonel, was given by Congress Janu- 
ary 10, 1776. All these commands were 
reorganized under the act of the Continental 



C'ongress of September 16, 1776. It pi"o- 
vided for the enlistment of eighty-eight bat- 
talions to serve during the war, and of these 
the " New Jersey Line " consisted of four. 
Twenty dollars was ofiered as a bounty to 
each non-commissioned officer and private, 
and bouut_y lands at the close of the war to 
each officer and man, or to his heirs in case 
of his death, as follows : Five hundred acres 
to each colonel, four hundred and fifty acres 
to each lieutenant-colonel, four hundred to 
each major, three hundred to each captain, 
two hundred to each lieutenant, one hundred 
and fifty to each ensign, and to each private 
and non-commissioned officer one hundred. 
The men in the ranks were to be furnished 
with an outfit annually, that for the first 
year to be two linen hunting-shirts, two pair 
of overalls, a leathern or woolen waistcoat 
with sleeves, one pair of breeches, a hat or 
leathern cap, two shirts, two pair of hose and 
two pair of shoes. They could commute 
these things into money at a valuation 
of twenty dollars, if they chose t(» equip 
themselves. 

The reorganization and re-enlistment of 
the First Battalion, Colonel Silas Newcomb, 
was completed in December, 1776 ; the Sec- 
ond, Colonel Israel Shreve (of Gloucester), 
Fel)ruary, 1777 ; the P'ourth, Colonel Eph- 
raim Martin, during tlie same month ; and 
the Third, Colonel Elias Dayton, in April 
of that year. Colonel Maxwell was j)romoted 
to brigadier-general in October, 1776, and 
assigned to the command of these battalions, 
which, as " Maxwell's Brigade," won laurels 
on many a bloody field. In the May follow- 
ing they were placed in (General Stephens' 
division and encamped at Elizabethtown, 
Bound Brook and Spanktown (Rahway). 
Stephens, in the summer of 1777, marched 
through Pennsylvania and Delaware, and a 
small portion of the " New Jersey Line " 
opened the battle of Brandywine on the 
morning of September 11th. They contin- 
ued actively engaged through the fight and 



70 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



afterwards skirmished with the enemy before 
i-eaching their faiup at Germantowu, where, 
in the battle of October 4th, they formed the 
left wing and reserve of Washington's army. 
They were conspicuous for their gallantry in 
this action, and Newcomb's battalion was an 
especially heavy loser of officers and men. 

The Jersey men passed the winter of 1777- 
78 with the remainder of the ai tny in gloom 
and suffering at A'alley Forge. When the 
British evacuated Philadelphia, in June, 
1778, Maxwell's brigade constituted the 
maiu portion of the column placed under 
the command of Lafayette to hang ujion 
General Clinton's flanks and rear, with the 
object of striking him a blow whenever the 
opportunity permitted. They were highly 
successful in making the enemv suifer 
severely on the march through Jersey. On 
June 28th the Line, as well as the militia, 
which was under the command of Major- 
Geueral Philemon Dickinson, took part in 
the battle of Monmouth. Most of the win- 
ter of 1778-79 was spent by the brigade at 
Elizabethtown, but a detachment of Shreve's 
Gloucester troops was encamped at Newark. 
In May, 1779, the whole Ijrigade took part 
in General Sullivan's expedition, which 
marched up the Suscjuehanna Valley and in- 
flicted punishment on the Seneca Indians^ 
returning to New Jei'sey in October. 

Another reorganization was carried into 
eti:ect in compliance with the acts of Congress 
of May 27, 1778, and March 9, 1779. The 
battalions of the Line, reduced in numbers 
by losses in battle and the other calamities 
of war, were consolidated into three, and a 
bounty of two hundred dollars each was 
offered for three liundred and sixty-flve vol- 
unteers. Sixteen hundi'ed and twenty more 
were called for on February 9, 1780, the in- 
ducemeut to enlist was increased to one 
thousand ilollars, and recruiting officers, or 
" Muster Masters," were appointed, Colonel 
Joseph Ellis filling the office in Gloucestei- 
County. In Juue^ 1781, another draft was 



made, and .bdin Davis undertook to fill 
Gloucester's (juota of fifty-one men. The 
bounty paid under this requisition was twelve 
pounds in gold or silver to each man, and 
the three colonels— Matthias Ogden, Isaac 
Shreve and Elias Dayton — succeeiled in filling 
out their regiments to six companies each. 
Maxwell continued in command of the 
brigade until his i-esignation, in July, 1780, 
when he was succeeded by the senior colonel, 
Dayton, who served until the close of the 
war. In September, 1781, the three regi- 
ments were ordered to A^irginia, where they 
participated in the Yorktown campaign and 
were present at the surrender of Lord Coru- 
wallis. The news of the cessation of hostili- 
ties was announced in the camp of the 
brigade April 19, 1783, and the Jersey Line 
was mustered out on the succeeding 3d of 
November. 

Sta'J'E Tr(jops.— Besides tlie troops who 
served continuously in the regular army. 
New Jersey iuid occasion at \'arious times 
during the war to call out volunteers from 
the militia for protection against the incur- 
sions of the British and the raids of Royalists 
and Indians. These commands were held 
subject to duty in this and adjoining States, 
and were known as " New Jersey I^evies," 
" Five Months' Levies," or more generally 
as " State Troops." The artillery companies 
of Frelinghuysen and Hugg, already alluded 
to, the earliest of these organizations, were 
created under the act of the Provincial Con- 
gress of February 13, 177(j. November 27, 
1776, the first act was passed for the organi- 
zation of the infantry branch of the State 
troops, and four battalions of eight com- 
panies each were raised by voluntary enlist- 
ment. One battalion was recruited in the 
counties of Gloucester, Salem and Cumber- 
land, three companies coming from the former 
county. Of this battalion, David Potter 
was apiHiintcd colonel, Whitton Cripps 
lieutenant-colonel, and Anthony Sharp major. 
Capt. Simon Lucas commanded another 



THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 



71 



Gloucester compauy, which vvat< formed 
under tlie call of December '29, 1781, for 
four hundred and twenty-two men to serve 
until December lo, 1782. Calls were also 
made on June 7 and 14, 1780, for four 
iiundred and twenty men to serve until 
January 1, 1782. 

Militia. — The militia were the first 
troops organized in New Jersey in the Revo- 
lution, the Provincial Congress, on June 3, 
I 775, providing "a plan for regulating the 
militia of the colony," because of " the I'ruel 
and arbitrary measures adopted and pur- 
sued by the British Parliament and present 
ministry for the purpose ol' subjugating the 
American colonies to the most abject servi- 
tude." By the elaboration of this plan in 
August, Gloucester was required to raise 
three battalions. On June 3, 1776^ the 
Continental Congress called for thirteen 
thousand eight hundred militia to reinforce 
the army at New York. The quota fur 
\ew Jersey was three thousand three hun- 
dred, of which Gloucester furnished two 
companies. On July 16th Congress re- 
quested the convention of New Jersey to 
supply with militia the places of tw(i thou- 
sand of Washington's troops tliat had been 
ordered into New Jersey to form the Flying 
Camp. Of the thirty companies of sixty-four 
men each sent under this call, Gloucester 
juovided tliree, which, with one from Cum- 
berland and three from liurlington, were 
combined in a battalion under Colonel Charles 
Head, Tjieutenant-Colonel Josiah Killman, 
^lajor William Ellis and Surgeon Bodo 
Otto, Jr. August 11, I77i;, liie militia was 
divided into brigades, one to bo detached for 
immediate service and relieved by the other 
at the expiration of thirty days. On tliis 
bifiis of monthly classes, in active service 
alternate months, these troops were held 
during the war. On January 8, 1781 , the 
organization was enlarged to three brigades. 
" The good .service performed by the militia 
of New Jersey is fully recorded in history. 



At the fights at Oi'hiliinV F.ridge, Hancock's 
i'lridge. Three Rivers, ( 'onniicticut I'^arms 
and \'an Neste's IVfills they bore an active 
|iart; while at the battles of Long Island, 
Trenton, Assanpiiik, I'rincetou, (lermantown, 
Springfield and ^NIouTnouth they performed 
efficient services in supporting the Continen- 
tal Line." ' 

The subjoined list e\Iiil)its the field and 
staff officers of the niiiilia of Old Gloucester 
C\iuiity. 

Tiie following is a li.st of those from 
(ilciucester County who served either in the 
Continental army, State troops oi- militia 
during the Revolutionary War :" 
Byli/dilier-Genffal. 
.loseph Ellis. 
( 'rilotuli'. 
Rodo Ottn. Israel Slireve. 

Richard Somers. 
lAruteiiant-(hl<>neh. 
Robert Brown. Samuel Shreve. 

Klijah Clark. Samuel Tonkin. 

J/«/./,-.v. 

William Ellis. (icorge Payne. 

Samuel Hannigau. Jeremiah Smith. 

Rich'd Westcott. 

/\i.i//iiiisfer.i. 

Thomas ('ari)enter. .lohn lyittlc. 

Surgeon . 

Thomas Heudry. 

.luiin Baker. .I.ames Holmes. 

■Andrew Barnes. .John Inskip. 

.lacob Browning. Simon Lucas. 
Richard Cheesem.an. Archibald M.affit. 

.loseph Covenovcr. William Matht. 

•Tohn Cozens. .lohn Patten. 

John Davis. David Paul. 

Douglas. George Pierce. 

.loseph Elwell. William Price. 

Siiwtel Elwell. I teorge Purvis, 

.loseph Estell. Christopher Rajie. 

Eelix Fisher. Henry Shute. 

.Tohn Hampton. William Smith. 
William Harrison. — . Robert Snell. 

Richard Higher. Samuel Sncll. 

' "Officers and Men of New Jersey in the Hevolii- 
tionary War," by General W. S. Stryker. 

-Oumpiled from Strylier's Official Register. 



72 



HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



James Somers. 
John Someis. 
Zephania Steelman. 
John Stokes. 
Richard Stonebanks. 



James ToUnian. 
Joseph Thorne. 
William Watson. 
David Weatherby. 
John Wood. 



Lieufenanfs. 
David Baker. Joseph McCullough. 

John Carter. John Parsons. 

John Chatham. Ward Pierce. 

Enoch Leeds. Benjamin Weatherly. 

First Lieutenants. 
Joseph Ingersoll. Alexander Mitchell. 

Edward Ireland. Nehemiah Morse. 

Jeremiah Leeds. Samuel S|)ringer. 

Samuel Matlack. Arthur Westcott. 



Srrond I.ieiitinant. 



Aaron Chew. 
Peter Covenhoven 
Jacob Endicott. 
William Finch. 
John Lucas. 



John Adams. 
Joseph Avis. 
Elijah Barret. 
Japhet Clark. 
John Dilkes. 
Ebenezer Extell, 
Daniel Frazer. 



Samuel McFarland. 
Abraham Parsons. 
Jeremiah Risley. 
Henry Rowe. 
John Scull. 
Elijah Townsend. 

Ensigns. 

Daniel Hooper. 
Benjamin Inskeep. 
Cornelius McCollum. 
Joseph Morrell. 
Nathaniel Sipple. 
David Stillwell. 
John Tilton. 



Serf/eant.'t. 
Abraham Benuet. John Reed. 

William Campbell. Richard Sayers. 

Patrick McCollum. Jacob Spencer. 

James Tomblin. 

CorjjuraL 
Leonard Fisler. 

Wagoner. 
Philip Dare. 

Privates. 

Jeptha Abbot. . Jesse Adams. 

.Tohn Abel. Jonas Adams 

Daniel Ackley. Jonathan Adams. 

Hezekiah Ackley. Richard Adams. 

James Ackley. Thomas Adams. 

John Ackley. William Adams. 

Silas Ackley. Abram Aim. 

James Adair. .\brahani Albertson. 

Andrew Adams. Albert Alberson. 

David Adams. Isaac Albertson. 

Elijah Adams. Jacob Albertson, Jr. 

Jeremiah Adams. Jacob Albertson, Sr. 



George Allen. 
Joseph Allen. 
William Allen. 
Thomas Alleor. 
Jacob AUset. 
Henry Anderson. 
Isaac Armstrong. 
Gibson Ashcroft. 
.lames Ashcroft. 
Jacob Assit. 
Conuter Athert(}n. 
Abijah Ayers. 
James Ayers. 
Moses Ayers. 
John Baley. 
Jonathan Baley. 
Joseph Baley. 
Benjamin Balken. 
Jonathan Barton. 
William Bates. 
Thomas Beavin. 
Jonathan Beesley. 
James Belange. 
Nicholas Belange. 
Samuel Belange. 
Robert Bell. 
William Bell. 
Jonathan Benly. 
Alexander Bennct. 
John Bennet. 
Jonathan Bennet. 
John Berry. 
Patrick Brady. 
George Bright. 
Asa Brown. 
Matthew Brown. 
(ieorge Browne. 
Thomas Bryant. 
Elijah Buck. 
Josiah Budd. 
John Budey. 
James Bulangey. 
Jo.shua Bulangey. 
Robin Bunton. 
Benjamin Bachon. 
Abel Bacon. 
Frederick Baker. 
James Baley. 
Haned Bardin 
Richard Barker. 
Benjamin Bispham. 
Andrew Blackman. 
David Blackman. 
John Blackman. 
Nehemiah Blackman. 



.Tames Bleakman. 
James Boggs. 
William Boice. 
Jonathan Borton. 
Edward Bowen. 
Josiah Bowen. 
David Bowyer. 
John Bradford. 
David Brower. 
John Bryant. 
Joseph Burch. 
Elijah Burk. 
Moses Burnet. 
Samuel Burton. 
William Bushing. 
Moses Butterworth. 
Aaron F. Cade. 
John Cain. 
Samuel Cain. 
Ezekiel Camp. 
James Camp. 
David Campbell. 
AVilliam Campbell. 
William Campen. 
John Cann. 
George Caranna. 
Jacob Carpenter. 
( ieorge Carter. 
James Caruthers. 
John Casey. 
Benjamin Casker. 
Tobias Casperson. 
William Cattell. 
George Cavener. 
Thomas Chamberlain. 
John Chattan. 
Thomas Cheesman. 
John Chester. 
Robert Chew. 
Adrial Clark. 
David Clark. 
John Clark. 
Joseph Clark. 
Parker Clark. 
Richard Clemens. 
David Clement. 
William Clifton. 
Jacob Clough. 
John Cobb. 
Thomas Cobb. 
William Cobb. 
Joseph Conklin. 
Bryant Conelly. 
David Conover. 
Jesse Conover. 



THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 



73 



Patterson Cook. 
Silas Cook. 
William Cordry. 
Abel CorsoQ. 
Simon Coshier. 
Benjamin Cosier. 
Simon Cosier. 
James Coults. 
Isaac Course. 
William Course. 
Joseph Covenhoven. 
Andrew Cos. 
Jacob Cox. 
John Cozens. 
Samuel Crager. 
Levi Crandell. 
William Cranmore. 
Cornelius Cullom. 
John Camp. 
Joseph Camp, Sr. 
Joseph Camp, Jr. 
Archibald Campbell. 
Simeon Casker. 
Daniel Cham|)ion. 
John Champion. 
Thomas Champion. 
Benjamin Clark. 
Reuben Clark. 
Thomas Clark. 
George Clifton. 
Micajah Conover. 
Peter Conover. 
Peter B. Conover. 
.Fohn Cook. 
John Corson. 
John Coshier. 
Isaac Covenhoven. 
John Covenhoven. 
Cain Dair. 
John Dair. 
Samuel Dallas. 
John Danelson. 
Kidd Daniels. 
Joel Daven. 
Andrew Davis. 
Cain Davis. 
Curtis Davis. 
Charles Day. 
Samuel Day. 
Thomas Day. 
Klias Deal.' 
.lames Deal. 
Samuel Deal, 
.lames Deckley. 
Edward Deifel. 
10 



John Delfer. 
Samuel Denick. 
Samuel Denick, .Ir. 
Gideon Denny. 
Jonas Denny. 
Thomas Denny. 
Andrew Derrickson. 
John Dickinson. 
Samuel Dilkes. 
Frampton Dill. 
John Dolbier. 
Samuel Dollis. 
John Doram. 
Silas Dorcar. 
Abner Doughty, 
Absalom Doughty. 
.Tonathan Doughty. 
Josiah Doughty. 
.Tohn Drummond. 
Edward Duftcl. 
Samuel Dulaney. 
Thomas Dunaway. 
William Daniels. 
Earl Davis. 
Richard Davis. 
John Deal. 
David Dennis. 
Matthew Dennis. 
William Dickin.son. 
Jesse Dormant. 
Edward Dougherty. 
Abel Doughty. 
Abige Doughty. 
Thomas Doughty. 
Edward Do wan. 
.Tohn Dower. 
Benjamin DrunuiHind. 
James Dunlap. 
Joseph East.all. 
John Edwards. 
Joseph Edwards. 
William Elbridge. 
Jeremiah Elway. 
Joseph English. 
Joseph Ervin. 
J(din Evans. 
Abner Ewing. 
Abraham ICwing. 
Mis. English. 
Thomas English. 
Daniel Falker. 
John Farrell. 
Abraham Farrow. 
John Farrow. 
Mark Farrow. 



George Feathers. 
Peter Fell. 
William Fell. 
Abraham Fenimore. 
Daniel Fenimore. 
Xathan Ferlew. 
James Ferril. 
,Tacob Fetter. 
Thomas Field, 
■lacob Fisher. 
Jacob Fisler. 
George Fithian. 
William Fithian. 
William Fletcher. 
Uriah Forbes. 
William Ford. 
William Fort. 
George Fowler. 
Isaac Fowler. 
Andrew Frambis. 
John Franklin. 
Daniel Frazier. 
Samuel French. 
Daniel Furman. 
William Furman. 
John Fisler. 
Nicholas Frambis. 
William Fry. 
Ebenezer Grinton. 
Calvin Gamble. 
Edward Gandy. 
Elias Gandy. 
John (Tandy. 
James Gant. 
Robert Garret. 
(Cornelius Garri.son. 
Elijah Garrison. 
Reuben Garrison. 
Samuel Garwood. 
Rossel Gee. 
William Gentry. 
James Gibeson. 
Job Gibeson. 
John (ribeson. 
Daniel Giflen. 
James Gillingham. 
Reese Given, Sr. 
Reese Given, Jr. 
William Given. 
Richard Graham. 
William Graham. 
Joshua Greaves, 
.lames Gromley. 
Benjamin Guild. 
Jacob Garratson. 



.lereraiah Garratson. 
Joseph Garratson. 
Lemuel Garratson. 
Benjamin Gifford. 
James (xitFord. 
John Giftbrd. 
Timothy Gifford. 
John Gotr. 
Francis Gonuel. 
James Gormley. 
William Hackett. 
Joseph Haines. 
William Hainey. 
.Tames Hamilton. 
.Tohn Hamilton, 
.Tohn Hancock. 
Abram Harcourt. 
Abel Harker. 
David Harker. 
Nathaniel Harker. 
Mose.s Harris. 
Reulien Harris. 
William Harris. , 
(xeorge Hawkins. 
David Hays. 
Peter Hedd. 
David Heind. 
Leonard Helel. 
Hance Helmes. 
.Tohn Helmes. 
Robert Hem[)hill. 
.Tacob Henns. 
George Henry. 
Michael Hess. 
John He.ssler. 
William Hewes. 
Benjamin Hewett. 
Caleb Hewett. 
Moses Hewett. 
Samuel Hewett. 
Thomas Hewett. 
William Hewett. 
Isaac Hickman, 
.lames Hickman. 
Edward Higbey. 
Isaac Higbey. 
Richard Higbey. 
Uriah Hill. 
Daniel Hillman. 
S.'imuel Hillman. 
Samuel A. Hillman. 
Jlichael Hiss. 
John Hitman. 
Benjamin HnfI'man. 
Jacob Hollinan. 



74 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Thomas Hollingsworth. 
Andrew Homan. 
Daniel Homan. 
John Hukey. 
John Hulings. 
Thomas Humphrey. 
David Hund. 
Lewis Hund. 
John Hurley. 
Abraham Hutchinson. 
Ezekiel Hutchinson. 
Peter Hutsinger. 
Thomas Hickman. 
Absalom Higliey. 
John Hillnian. 
Seth Hillman. 
David Homan. 
John Hugg. 
Andrew Hurst. 
Jacob Idle. 
George Ihnetler. 
Daniel Ingalson. 
Isaac Ingalson. 
Benjamin Ingersoll. 
Ebenezer Ingersoll. 
John Ingersoll. 
Josei)h Ingersoll, .Tr. 
Amos Irelan. 
Thomas Irelan. 
Thomas Ireland. 
John Ireland. 
Thomas Ireland. 
David Irelan. 
Edmond Irelan. 
George Irelan. 
Japhet Irelan. 
Jonathan Irelan. 
Joseph Irelan. 
Reuben Irelan. 
James Jeffries. 
John Jeffries. 
Jonathan Jerry. 
Samuel Jess. 
Isaac Johnson. 
Joseph Johnson. 
Lawrence Johnson. 
Lewis .lohnson 
Nathaniel Johnson. 
Richard Johnson. 
Isaac Johnston. 
Abraham Jones. 
Alirani Jones. 
Daniel .loncs. 
Hugh Jones. 
Jonas Jones. 



Lawrence Jones. 
Samuel Jones. 
Michael Johnson. 
William Johnston. 
Isaac Jones. 
John Kaighn. 
Reuben Keen. 
Thomas Kehela. 
David Keilson. 
Patrick Kelly. 
Uriah Kelly. 
William Kelly. 
James Kendle. 
John Kerrey. 
John Kesler. 
Daniel Kidd. 
Peter Kidd. 
John Killey. 
.loseph Kindle. 
Andrew King. 
Cornelius Lacy. 
John Lafferty. 
Andrew Lake. 
Joseph Lake. 
Nathan Lake. 
William Lake. 
.Tames Land. 
Nathan Leah. 
Nathaniel Leake. 
William Leake. 
Godfrey Leaman. 
David Lee. 
Joseph Lee. 
Walter Lee. 
Daniel Leeds. 
Felix Leeds. 
.Tames Leeds. 
William Leeds. 
Azariah Leonard. 
Francis Lewis. 
Jeremiah Lewis. 
John Linwood. 
Daniel Lippencott. 
John Lippencott. 
John Little. 
John Little, Sr. 
John Little, Jr. 
Cornelius Locy. 
John Lodge. 
Ansey Long. 
Moses Long. 
Silas Long. 
Asa Lonl. 
John Lord. 
Jonathan Lord. 



Richard Lown. 
Israel Luck. 
Daniel Lake. 
Mack Lamor. 
George I^and. 
Nehemiah I>eeds. 
Thomas Leeds. 
.John Lock. 
.Jonathan Lock. 
Abram I>oper. 
Abram Manary. 
David Mancy. 
Benjamin Mauley. 
Edmund Mapes. 
Andrew Mason. 
David Mason. 
Benjamin Massey. 
Joseph Masters. 
David Mattacks. 
Jesse Mattacks. 
Michael McCleary. 
John McCoUum. 
Abraham McCullock. 
.Tames McFadden. 
John McFadden. 
Samuel McFarland. 
Daniel McGee. 
George McGonigal. 
Charles McHenry. 
William McKay. 
William Mclvimmy. 
Hector McNeil. 
George Meare. 
Charles Meyers. 
Benjamin Miller. 
Samuel Miller. 
Stephen Miller. 
Samuel Mintear. 
George ]\Iires. 
John Mitchell. 
Andrew Moore. 
Daniel Moore. 
Thomas Morris. 
Jonas Morse. 
Nichola.s Morse. 
George IMoses. 
Sharon Moslander. 
Ezekiel MuUord. 
Furman Multord. 
Jonathan JIulford. 
Samuel Mulford. 
DaveMuney (Murrey). 
John Munnion. 
William Murjihy. 
John Musbrook. 



George Marical. 
Joseph Marshall. 
William Marshall. 
Andrew Mart. 
John McClaisuer. 
Adam McConnell. 
Joshua Morse. 
John Mullaky. 
Thomas Neaves. 
Davis Nelson, 
(rabriel Nelson. 
James Nelson. 
.Joseph Nelson. 
Nehemiah Nelson. 
Richard Newgen. 
.T(din Newman. 
Reuben Newman. 
Silas Newton. 
Cornelius Nichols. 
Thomas Nich(ds. 
Wilson Nickles. 
John Nickleson. 
David Nielson. 
Davis Nielson. 
Gabriel Nielson. 
Benjamin Nile. 
Renjamiii Norcross. 
James Norcross. 
Joseph Norcross. 
Caleb Norton. 
Jonathan Norton. 
Thomas Nukler. 
Wilson Nuckless. 
Jacob Nichols. 
James Norton. 
John Orr (or Ord). 
Daniel Osborn. 
David Padgett. 
Thomas Padgett. 
Joseph Parker, Sr. 
Samuel Parker, Sr. 
Daniel Parkes. 
•losejih Parkes. 
Noah Parkes. 
Paul Parkes. 
.lohn Patterson (1st), 
.lohn Patterson (2d). 
Jos.'ph Paul. 
Robert Pawpe. 
Samuel Peckin. 
Stephen Peirson. 
.lames Penton. 
.loaeph Penyard. 
Samuel Penyard. 
Samuel Perkins. 



THE WAR OF THK HKVOLdTlON. 



75 



Daniel Perry. 
John Perry. 
Joseph Perry. 
Mo-ses Perry. 
Philip Peters. 
Abram Peterson. 
David Peterson. 
Jacob Peterson. 
Samuel Peterson. 
Th(jnuis Peterson. 
Joseph Pett. 
George Pierce. 
Joseph Piatt. 
Samuel Piatt. 
Thomas Poarch. 
Lawrence Pouleson. 
John Powell. 
Richard Powell. 
Jacob Price. 
Levi Price. 
Thompson Price. 
William Pridmore. 
William Prigmore. 
Joseph Parker, Jr. 
Samuel Parker, Jr. 
John Parry. 
Israel Parshall. 
l)avid Pierson. 
Ward Pierce. 
Richard Price. 
Thomas Price. 
William Quicksel. 
John Rain. 
Junathiiu Reed. 
William Reed. 
John Reeves. 
Joshua Reeves. 
Thomas Reeves. 
Thomas Rennard. 
Samuel Reynolds. 
Michael Riie. 
Joseph Rich. 
Richard Richerson. 
Richard Richman. 
Daniel Richmond. 
Jacob Riley. 
Patrick Riley. 
Ann Risley. 
David Risley. 
Joseph Risley. 
John Robbins. 
James Roberts. 
Joseph Roberts. 
George Robertson. 
Caleb Robeson. 



Jeremiah Robeson. 
Joseph Robeson. 
Thomas Robeson, 
.fcremiah Robinson. 
William Rockliill. 
Andrew Ross. 
Stephen Ross. 
Enoch Rudnown. 
Enoch Rudrow. 
Obadiah Reed. 
Morris Risley. 
Nathaniel Risley. 
Samuel Risley. 
Thomas Risley. 
Isaac Robertson. 
John Rossell. 
John Salmon. 
Johu Salsbury. 
Joseph Sawings. 
David Sayers. 
Thomas Scott. 
Abel Scull. 
David Scull. 
Joseph Scull. 
Peter Scull. 
David Sealey. 
Jacob Seddons. 
Benjamin Seeds. 
John Seeley. 
David Seers. 
William Seller. 
John Selvy. 
William Senker. 
John Shane. 
Henry Sharj). 
Reuben Shaw. 
Richard Shaw. 
David Sheeti; 
Lawrence Slu'pherd. 
Nathaniel Shepherd. 
Owen Shepherd. 
Frederick Sliinfclt. 
Edward Shroppear. 
John Shuley. 
Samuel Shule. 
Henry Sight, 
John Sill. 
John Silvey. 
(leorge Simpkins. 
James Simpkins. — 
Jesse Siner. 
William Sinker. 
David Skeotr. 
Johu Slawter. 
Philip Slide. 



James Smallwood. 
John Smallwood. 
Elias Smith. 
Elijah Smith, .Ir. 
Felix Smith. 
Henry Smith. 
Isaac Smith. 
James Smith. 
Jesse Smith. 
John Smith. 
Joseph Smith. 
Joshua Smith. 
Micha Smith. 
Nathan Smith. 
Noah Smith. 
Thomas Smith. 
William Smith (1st). 
William Smith (2d). 
Zenos Smith. 
Daniel Snellbaker. 
Philip Snellbaker. 
George Snelbacker. 
David Snell. 
Robert Snelly. 
Joseph Soey. 
Nicholas Soey. 
Samuel Soey. 
David Sommers. 
Enoch Sommers. 
Isaac Sommers. 
John Somers. 
Richard Sommers. 
Thomas Sommers. 
Joseph Sparks. 
Robert Sparks. 
Thomas Springer. 
Jeremiah Springer. 
John Sprong. 
John Starkey. 
John Spire. 
Richard Stedman. 
Andrew Steelman. 
Daniel Steelman. 
David Steelman. 
Kbenezer Steelman. 
Frederick Steelman. 
George Steelman, 
James Steelman, Sr. 
James Steelman. 
John Steelman. 
Jonas Steelman. 
Jonathan Steelman, Jr. 
Jonathan Steelman, Sr. 
Richard Steelman. 
David Stephens. 



Ezekiel Steward. 
.rosc]ili Steward. 
Alexander Stewart. 
Joel Stewart. 
Jcdin Stewart, Sr. 
.Tohii Stewart, .Ir. 
Stephen Stewart. 
Ebenezer Stebbins. 
David Stilwell. 
Samuel Stoddard. 
Thomas Stonebauk. 
.loel Stord. 
Thomas Stothem. 
Samuel Strickland. 
John Strumble. 
Gideon Stull. 
.lames Summers. 
John Stut}nan. 
Abraham Swaim, 
Judeth Swain. 
Jesse Swan. 
Isaac Swandler. 
Valentine Sweeny. 
Timothy Swiney. 
Valentine Swing. 
Isaac Taylor. 
Robert Taylor. 
William Tenneut. 
Isaac Terrepin. 
Uriah Terrepin. 
Jonathan Terry. 
James Thomas. 
John Thackry. 
John Thomas. 
Richard Thomas. 
William Thomson. 
Oliver Thorp. 
John Tice. 
Daniel Tilton. 
Peter Till, 
.losepli Tillon. 
Jacob Timberman. 
Elijah Toinlin. 
Jacob Tomlin. 
Jonathan Tomlin. 
William Tomlin. 
Lewis Ton.son. 
Redack Tourain. 
.lohn Towne. 
.lames Townsend. 
Daniel Townsend. 
John Townsend. 
Reddick Townsend. 
Daniel Trumey. 
John Vanncmon. 



76 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



David Vernon. 
George Waggoner. 
John Walker. 
George Wall. 
John Wallace. 
John Wallis. 
Benjamin Weatherby. 
David Weatherliy. 
(ieorge Weatlierby. 
John Weeks. 
Zephaniah Weeks. 
Seth Weldon. 
Thomas Weldron. 
Jacob Wence. 
Peter Wells. 
Israel West. 
Uriah West. 
Porter Wheatou. 
Robert Wheaton. 
Silas Wheaton. 
Uriah Wheaton. 
Samuel Whitacre. 



Jennings White. 
John White. 
John Whitlock. 
John Wild. 
Daniel Wiles. 
James Wiley. 
David Williams. 
Edward Williams. 
George Williams. 
William Williams. 
John Williams. 
David Williamson. 
John Wilsey. 
Elijah Wilson. 
William Wilson. 
Samuel Woodrutt'. 
John Woolson. 
Samuel Worrick. 
John Wright. 
Hance Young. 
Uriah Young. 
Jacob Zimmerman. 



Lieutenant Eichard Somers at Trip- 
oli. — In the war in which the United 
States engaged next after achieving their 
independence, that against the Barbary State.s 
on tiie African coast of the Mediterranean 
Sea, to punish and .suppress their piracy, 
Lieutenant Richard Somers wtin a fame 
whicli will last as long as the memory of 
gallant deeds endures. He was the son of 
Colonel Richard Somers, of the army of" the 
Revolution, was horn in Egg Harbor, and 
became an officer in the American army in 
1796. In the squadron which Commodore 
Preble took to fight the Moors in 1803 he 
commanded the schooner " Nautilus." ^\'hen 
the enemy ciipturcd the " Philadelphia," in 
1804, Somers conceived the project of send- 
ing into the inner harbor of Tripoli the little 
gunboat or ketch " Inlrepid " as a fire-ship 
and infernal machine. She was loaded and 
her decks covered with powder, boud)s, 
grape-shot, rockets and various missiles, the 
expectation being to so explode her amidst 
the Moorish ficet and close to the fortifica- 
tions that she might inflict the greatest 
damage on both, po.s.sibly destroy the " Phila- 
delphia," and cause the release of her crew 



and other Americans slowly perishing in 
the prisons of Tripoli. Somers volunteered 
for the command of this desperate expedi- 
tion, and had with him four other volunteers 
from the crew of the " Nautilus." 

Fenimoi-e Cooper has tersely told the narra- 
tive of that fateful night of Septeniljer 4, 
1804,— 

"Once assured of the temper of his companions, 
Somers took leave of his officers, the boat's crew 
doing the same, shaking hands and expressing 
their feelings as if they felt assured of their fate in 
advance. Each of the four men made his will 
verbally, disposing of his eft'ects among his ship- 
mates like those about to die. Several of Somers' 
friends visited him on board the Intrepid be- 
fore she got under way. Somers was grave and 
entirely without any affectation of levity orindifl'er- 
ence, but he maintained his usual quiet and tran- 
quil manner. After some conversation he took a 
ring fi-om his finger, and breaking it into three 
pieces, gave each of his companions ' one, while 
he retained the third himself. 

" Two boats accompanied the Inti'epid to 
bring ort' the party just after setting fire to the 
train. About nine o'clock in the evening Lieu- 
tenant Reed was the last to leave the Intrepid 
for his own vessel. When he went over her side 
all communication between the gallant spirits she 
contained and the rest of the world ceased. The 
ketch was seen to proceed cautiously into the 
bay, but was soon obscured by the haze on the 
water. At ten o'clock the enemy's batteries were 
slowly firing upon her. At this moment Captain 
Stewart and Lieutenant Carroll were standing in 
the gangway of the Siren, one of the American 
fleet, looking intently toward the place where the 
ketch was known to be, when the latter exclaimed, 
' Look ! see the light I ' At that instant a light 
was seen passing and waving, as if a lantern were 
carried by some person along a vessel's deck. 
Then it sunk from view. Half a minute may 
have elapsed, when the whole firmament was 
lighted by a fiery glow, a burning mast with its 
sails was seen in the air, the whole harbor was 
momentarily illuminated, the awful explosion 
came and a darkness like that of doom succeeded. 
The whole was over in less than a minute, the 
(lame, the quaking of towers, the reeling of ships, 
and even the bursting of shells, of which most fell 
in tlie water, though some lodged on the rocks. 

'Stewart and Decatur, who were bidding him farewell. 



TIIK WAR OF 1S12-14 



The tiring ceased, and lioiii (hat iiistaiil Tiipiili 
passed the night in a stillness as piofoiMid as that 
in whicli the vietims of this explnsinn have lain 
from that fatal hour to this." 

Whetlier Somer.-^ I)ur])Osely l>le\v ii|) the 
'' Intrepid " to preveut capture, wlii'tlier the 
explosion was at-cideutal, or wlietiier it was 
a hot shot from a Moorisli gun is a ([uestioii 
that will never be answered, for he and his 
four devoted shipmates perished in tlie 
disaster. 



C H A P T E R AM T T . 

THF. WAR (IK ]<Sr_'-1 1. 

The prosperity of the United States after 
the achievement of their independence was 
interrupted by the war between England 
and France, during the career of Napoleon 
Bonaparte. Those nations declared each 
other's ports to be in a state of blockade, 
which closed them against American com- 
merce. The British government demanded 
the " right of search," to take from American 
vessels, sailors, claimed to be of English birth, 
and impress them into the English service. 
The Atuerican people demanded " free trade 
and sailors' rights," and the outrages perpe- 
trated were so great that America insisted 
upon a surrender of the British claim of 
search. The government of the United 
States refused to negotiate on the subject, and 
an embargo was laid upon all ships in Amer- 
ican ports. 

In all, three thousand American sailors, 
who were, or were claimed to be, of British 
liirth, were impressed into the British navy; 
and many hundreds of Irish emigrants on 
their way to the United States were taken 
from their ships, upon which they were sail- 
ing on the high seas, and compelled to serve 
on British decks as marines. 

The crowning act was committed on June 
'22, 1807, when the British frigate " Leopard," 
without warning, fired into the American 



man-of-war " Che.sai)eake," disabled iier and 
took from among her crew four men, on the 
charge that they were <leserlers from a Brit- 
ish ship. Congi-e.ss ])assed the Embargo and 
Xon-Intercourse Acts, wiiich were retaliatory 
measures designed to stop commerce between 
the United States and Great Britain. 'IMie 
Democrats, who favored a declaration of war, 
elected Madison President, for whom New- 
Jersey gave her electoral vote. The consj)ir- 
acy of Governor Craig, of Gaiuula, and the 
British ministry to induce thelS'ew England 
States to secede from the Union, by aggra- 
vating the discontent which they, the great 
ship-owning and couimercial section of the 
nation, felt because of the prostration of tiiat 
interest, was revealed by John Henry, and 
on June 4, 1812, war was declared by Con- 
gress. 

The prevailing sentiment in New Jersey 
favored peace if it could be had with honor, 
but it did not flinch from the crisis that Eng- 
land precipitated. On January 9th, five 
months before the declaration of war, Sam- 
uel Pennington, of Essex County, introduced 
in the House of Assembly a |)reamble and 
resolutions, reciting the gi-ievances of the 
country, and adding, — 

"That in ease the government of the United 
States shall eventually determine to resist by 
force the lawless aggressions eommitted by the 
British nation on the persons and property of our 
citizens, this Legislature, in behalf of themselves 
and the citizens of New Jersey, whose representa- 
tives they are, pledge themselves to the nation to 
render to the general government all the aid, as- 
sistance and support in their power, and will, with 
all readiness, perform all the duties required of 
them in the prosecution of a war undertaken for 
the common defence and general welfare." 

On Novetnber 16th an order calling out 
the militia was i.ssued, and among those who 
tendered the services of their companies was 
Captain Pi.ssant, of Woodbury. No other 
organization is reported at that time as com- 
ing from Gloucester County, but it seems 
that manv Gloucester men were enrolled in 



78 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



companies formed at Salem, and that they 
were commanded hy Captains Tuft, William 
Ray, Freas and Garrison. 

Altogether New Jersey had about four 
thousand men under arms during this war. 
They were in service generally three months; 
five hundred at Fort Richmond, on Staten 
Island ; other detachments at Paulus Hook 
and Mai'cus Hook, and still others along the 
Delaware River. The State was not the 
theatre of any military operations, but pre- 
cautionary measures were taken in case the 
British should attempt an invasion by way 
of the Delaware, which was frequently 
threatened by the presence of her fleets 
along the coast. In 1814 a brigade of 
militia, under command of General Eben- 
ezer Elmer, was stationed at Billingsport, 
from whence it observed the movements of a 
small British schooner, which occasionally 
came into the river. Forty or tifty of these 
landsmen chartered another schooner, and, 
putting themselves under the direction of a 
dragoon officer, who had been a sailor, they 
put off to attack the foe. Unluckily, the 
water was so rough that all hands, except the 
captain and a few others, were driven below 
by sea-sickness ; but even thus disabled, he 
gave chase to the British vessel, which 
crowded on canvas and put out to sea, 
though she could easily have captured her 
pursuer. 

In the latter part of 1813, as several small 
coasters were sailing around Cape May from 
the Delaware River, bound for Kgg Harbor, 
they came in contact with a British armed 
schooner lying off the Cape. She chased 
and captured the sloop " New Jersey," from 
Mays Landing, which was manned by the 
master, Captain Burton, and two hands. 
Having placed on board as prize-master a 
young midshipman, with three men (two 
p]nglishmen and an Irishman), she ordered 
the sloop to follow her, and made chase for 
the other vessels. As they neared Egg Har- 
bor, the apj)roach of night compelled her to 



desist from the chase, and she then put about 
for tlie Cape. The sloop followed, but made 
little headway, the midshipman in command 
being an indifferent seaman, and he finally 
ordered Burton to take the helm and head 
for Cape May. Burton designedly held the 
sloop off and on during the night, so that 
when morning dawned they were off the 
mouth of Great Egg Harbor. Burton pro- 
fessed ignorance of his whereabouts, and the 
puzzled British middy sent one man aloft as 
a look-out, while he went below with another 
to study the charts, leaving one of the prize- 
crew on deck with the Americans. The lat- 
ter made this man prisoner, secured the look- 
out as he came down from the masthead, 
locked the midshipman and his companion 
in the cabin, and thus recaptured their vessel, 
which they sailed to Somers Point, where 
they turned their captives over to an Ameri- 
can officer. The midshipman was exchanged, 
the two Englishmen went to work in the 
neighborhood and the Irishman enlisted in 
the United States uavy. 

The heroic CVptain James Lawrence, so 
greatly distinguished in this war, though 
born in Burlington, obtained much of his 
education at the academy in \Voodbury, where 
he studied navigation with Samuel Webster.' 
For two years he read law with his brother 
John, who was a leading practitioner at the 
Gloucester bar, but left his office in 1798 to 
accept a midshipman's commission in the 
navv. Mickle, in his " Reminiscences of Old 
(iloucester," relates that he was told by a 
friend who met Lawrence at English's Ferry, 
in Camden, at the opening of the war, that 
the latter remarked with much warmth, in 
alluding to the attack of the " Leopard " upon 
the" Chesapeake : " "I shall never sleep sound 
until that stain is washed from the ' Chesa- 
peake's ' decks." Perhaps he had this deed 
of vengeance in mind when he was promoted 

■ Commodore Stephen Decatur was also a pupil at 
this school, and during his academic terms in Wood- 
bury resided with the West family, at the Buck Tavern. 



THE WAR OF 1812-14. 



79 



to the command of the " (Chesapeake,'" and, on 
June 1, 1813, accepted the challenge of Cap- 
tain Broke, of the Briti.^li frigate " Shannon," 
to the combat off the Massachusetts coast, 
(xoing into action with an unprepared shij> 
and a raw crew, he suffered a terrible defeat 
and lost his own life. As they bore him 
down the hatchway, bleeding to death, he 
gave, in feeble voice, his last heroic order- — 
ever afterward the motto of the American 
mau-o'-war's man — " Don'tgive up the ship." 
On the previous 24th of February, while 
commanding the " Hornet," he had captureil 
the British sloop-of-war " T'ejicock " on the 
South American coast, and had won the plau- 
dits of the nation. 

New Jersey Militia. — The army oi" 
the United States previous to 1808 num- 
bered only three thousand men, but the same 
year the force was increased to six thousand. 
In January, 1812, Congress had directed a 
force of twenty-five thousand to be raised, so 
that the entire number authorized by law 
now exceeded thirty-five thousand, including 
the officers, and consisted of twenty-five reg- 
iments of infantry, three of artillery, two of 
light artillery, two of dragoons and two rifle 
regiments. In addition to this, the President 
was authorized to accept the services of any 
number of volunteers not exceeding fifty 
thousand, who were to be armed and equipped 
by the United States ; and a similar author- 
ity was given to him to call upon the Uover- 
nors of States for detachments of militia, the 
whole of which was not to exceed one hun- 
dred thousand. 

Aaron Ogden, Governor of New Jersey, 
issued his proclamation calling fi)r volunteers 
to garrison fortifications and for coast defense. 
In answer to this call, Gloucester County 
responded with eleven full companies of 
troops, of which one was independent, eight 
were attached to Brigadier-General Ebenezer 
Elmer's brigade of detailed militia and were 
a.ssigned to Colonel Joshua Howell's ix'gi- 
ment. They were .stationed at Billingsport, 



Cape May and Fort Elizabeth. Fwo lull 
companies — one of infantry and the other of 
artillery — were a.ssigned to the defen.se of the 
sea-coast from New York Harl)<)r to ( 'ape Mav, 
and as occasion demanded, were d('tache<l to 
protect any and all points along the sea-coast. 




UXIl'ORMKll SOI.niEKS IN ISll'. 

The territory embraced in Atlantic and 
Cape May Counties, since taken from Glou- 
cester, sent out its cjuota of volunteers who took 
a prominent part in inland and coast protec- 
tion, and asall the troops iicrein appended were 
accredited to ( TJoucester County, it is impossible 
to collect and assign the troops to the .several 
counties, as upon the original rolls, now in 
the office of the adjutant-general in Trenton 
(and from which these list.s were copied"), each 
and all the companies are mentioned only as 
from Gloucester County. 

The first full compaiiy to offer its servi<es 
to (Governor Ogden was that of Captain .Inhn 
Cade. 

The name of Captain John Cade is yet 
well remembered by many citizens of Glou- 
cester, Camden and Atlantic Counties ; for 



80 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



maiiv years he was court-crier and jail-keeper 
at Woodbury and took a prominent part in 
the military organizations of the county. 
His son, Thomas Jefferson C'ade, "the 
drummer-boy of Billingsport," was attached 
to his company and at this date, 1886, is an 
honored official in the clerk's office in Wood- 
bury. 

An Independent Co>rPANY of New 
Jersey Militia. — Cajitain John Cade was 
placed on duty at Billingsport and assigned 
to Major William Potter's detachment. This 
company was enrolled July 14, 1813, and 
discharged Septeml)er •'!(), 1813. The fol- 
lowing is its rank and file : 
Captain. 

John Cade. 

Lieutenantit. 
Zephaiii.ih Steelinau. Joseph Bright. 

Sergediit^. 
William Th(imi)snn. Jacob Featherer. 

John M. Gibson. David Ewings. 

Thomas Fulton. 

Corpordh. 
Samuel Avis. George Floyd. 

James Milsom. Samuel J^eapcutl. 

Driiiiinicr. 
Thomas .lefferson Cade. 
Fifer. 
William Allen. 
Privates. 
James Andrews. William Helap. 

Ware Askill. Jai-ob Dilks. 

Nathaniel Ashmore. .Tose|>h Doty. 

Jacob Adams. HcTiry Daniels. 

John Alloway. James Dublc. 

Joseph Atkinson. Jonathan Dougherty. 

Zedekiah Barber. David Evan.s. 

Abraham Bacon. John Epley. 

George Burket. Nidiolas Elberson. 

Joseph Bozortli, Jaiob Fo.x. 

Luke Braning. John Firinemore. 

George Bosier. William Finncmore. 

Thomas Busier. Samuel Fagan. 

Henry Crowell. Annias Gant. 

-Isaac Crawford. .loseph Grolf. 

William Cahala. William Grant. 

James Crawford. Solomon Gaskcl. 

Henry Craven. Scth Homaii. 

James Cunningham. John Hoshin. 
Joseph Cairl. ^\■iHiam Holmes, Jr. 



Abraham Hewlings. 
Daniel Holland. 
Joseph Hilyard. 
Amos Ireland. 
Hezekiah Ireland. 
William Jacobs. 



James McNenney. 
Robert Nelson. 
Joseph Powell. 
Joseph Paneoast. 
Christopher Slim. 
David Stibbins. 



William Leonard, Jr. George Simkins. 

David Lock. Joseph Shute. 

Benjamin Lord. Samuel Saxton. 

Abijah Learning. Samuel Simson. 

Methusala Lupton. William Simson. 

William Milson. James A. Tice. 

James Milson, Jr. William Tice. 

Thomas Milson. Ephraim Taylor. 

Eber Ml Ilvain. Benjamin Taylor, 

.lohn Jtiller. David Thomas, 

.lames JIallet Jacob Thompkins. 

John Morris. James Vennel. 

Cyrus Middleton. Nicholas Vansant. 

Eli Jhither. Venable Wallace. 

Charles McGee. Aaron Wonderlin. 

Total : Three commis.sioned officers, ninety- 
one enlisted men. 

Captain John K. Scull's Company 

was organized April 14, 1S14. The officers 

were commissioned May 6, 1S14 ; was called 

a volunteer company of the First Battalion, 

First Regiment, (Jloucester Brigade. The 

troops were enrolled May 25, 1814, and were 

discharged February 12, 1815. The fblk)W- 

ing is the rank and file of thiscom[)any : 

( 'iiplaiii. 

John R. Scull. 

First fAentennnt. 

Ijawrence Scull. 

Second Lieuteniint. 

Levi Holbcrt. 

Third l.it'uteiiant 

Job Frambes. 

En-ngn. 

Samuel Risley. 

First Sergeant. 

David Frambes. 

Strge<inte. 

Zacliariah Dole. Samuel Lake. 

Israel Scull. Richard I. Somcrs. 

(hrpont/.'<. 
.Idliii I'iuc. Isaac Robinson. 

Thomas Reeves. 

Drummer. 

Robert Risley. 

Fifir. 

James >r. Gilford. 



THE WAR OF 1«12-14. 



81 



James Adams. 
Jeremiah Adams, 
.lonas Adams. 
Solomon Adams. 
Jacob Albertsoii. 
John Barber. 
David E. Bartlett. 
John Beaston. 
Andrew Blackman. 
Andrew B. Blacknii 
Thomas Blackman. 
Derestius Booy. 
Joseph H. Booy. 
James Burton. 
Jesse Chamberlain. 
Jesse Chambers. 
Enoch Champion. 
John Champion. 
Joel Clayton. 
John Clayton. 
Absalom Cordery. 
Samuel Delancy. 
James Doughty. 
Enoch Doughty. 
John Doughty. 
Daniel Edward.s. 
Daniel English. 
Hosea English. 
Aaron Frambes. 
Andrew Frambes. 
Stephen Gauslin. 
Andrew Godfrey. 
Andrew Hickman. 
Ebenezer Holbert. 
Clement Ireland. 
David Ireland. 
Elijah Ireland. 
Job Ireland. 
Thomas Ireland. 
Andrew Jeffers. 
Daniel Jefters. 
Evin Jefters. 
Nicholas Jefters. 
John Jefters. 
William Jeffers. 
Enoch Laird. 
David Lee. 
Jesse Marshall. 
Daniel Mart. 
John Mart. 
Richard Morri.'*. 



Privates. 

David Price. 
John Price, Sr. 
John Price, Jr. 
John Riggins. 
Jeremiah Risley, Sr. 
.leremiah Risley, Jr. 
Nathaniel Risley. 
Peter Risley. 
Richard Risley. 
n. .Tohu Robarts. 
John Robinson. 
Andrew Scull. 
David Scull. 
John S. Scull. 
Joseph Scull. 
Richard Scull. 
Damon Somers. 
Edmund Somers. 
Isaac Somers. 
James Somers. 
John J. Somers. 
John S. Somers. 
Joseph Somers. 
Mark Somers. 
Nicholas Somers. 
Samuel Somers. 
Thomas Somers. 
Abel Smith. 
Enoch Smith. 
Isaac Smith. 
Jacob Smith. 
Jesse Smith. 
Zopbar Smith. 
David Steelman. 
Elijah Steelman. 
Francis Steelman. 
Frederick Steelman. 
James Steelman. 
Jesse Steelman. 
Peter C. Steelman. 
Reed Steelman. 
Samuel Steelman. 
Daniel Tilton. 
.fames Townsend. 
.Taphet Townsend. 
.loel Vansant. 
Joseph Wilkins. 
Martin Wilsey. 
.Tohn Winner. 
.Joseph Winner. 



Captain Robert Smith's Artillery 
Company was enrolled May 1, 1814, and wa.'* 
attached to the Second Battalion, Third Reg- 
iment, Gloucester Brigade, and discharged 
February 19, 1815. The following was the 
raidc and file : 

(hptaiii. 

Robert Smith. 

First Lieutenant. 

Joseph Endicott. 

Second Lieutenant. 

John Endicott. 

First Sergeant. 

William Endicott. 



Levi SmallwdOf 
Joseph Kindle. 



Daniel Kindle, Sr 
Joseph Shores. 



Ser<jeant,<. 

Nehemiah Mor.se. 

.Tames Smith. 
Curiiorals. 

Malcolm McCoUum. 

Samuel McCoUum. 



Joseph .Tohnson. 



Total : Five commissioned officers, one 
huTidrcd and twelve enlisted men. 
11 



Evy Adams. 
John Adams. 
Thomas Adams. 
Joab Bates. 
Joseph Bell. 
William Bennett. 
James Blackman. 
John Bowen. 
Joseph Bowen. 
John Brewer. 
Joshua Burnet. 
George Clifton. 
Absalom Conover. 
Adam Conover. 
Eliakim Conover. 
James Conover. 
Job Conover. 
John Conover. 
Josiah Conover. 
Micajah Conover. 
Peter Conover. 
Somers Conover. 
William Conover. 
Daniel Cordery. 
Edmund Cordery. 
Sanuiel Delap. 
Abner Doughty. 



Drummers- 

Reuben Mathis. 

Fifer. 
fyeed Risley. 

rrinate.'!. 

John Doughty. 
Nathaniel Doughty. 
Thomas Doughty. 
Benjamin Endicott. 
Jacob Endicott. 
Nicholas Endicott. 
Joseph Garwood. 
James Giberson. 
Jesse Giberson. 
John Giberson. 
Huston Grapevine. 
Aaron Hewitt. 
Absalom Higbee. 
Edward Higbee. 
Enoch Higbee. 
Daniel Homan. 
Eli Homan. 
David Homan. 
Mahlon Homan. 
Isaac Horn. 
Daniel Ireland. 
Vincent Ireland. 
William Johnson. 
Daniel Kindle, Jr. 
Thomas Kindle 
Cornelius Leed.s. 
.Tosse Leeds. 



82 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEWJERSEY. 



Reuben Leeds. 
Beaiah Mathis. 
Daniel McCollum. 
Jesse McCollum. 
John McCollum. 
Samuel McCollum. 
Joab Morse 
Joshua Morse. 
Thomas S- Murphy. 
Daniel Newberry. 
Solomon Newberry. 
Jesse Parker. 
Eli Risley. 
John Risley. 
Daniel Scull. 
Gideon Scull. 
James Scull. 
Paul Scull. 

Gideon 



David Shores. 
Samuel Smallwood. 
Isaac Smith. 
Jonathan Smith. 
Noah Smith. 
Joseph Somers. 
Richard Somers. 
William Somers. 
Benjamin Sooy. 
Nicholas Sooy. 
Samuel Sooy. 
Reed Steelman. 
Eli Strickland. 
John Strickland. 
Samuel Strickland. 
Aaron Thomas. 
John Turner. 
Vincent Weeks. 
Wilklon. 



Total : Three officers, one hundred and four 
enlisted men. 

General Elmer's Brigade. — The fol- 
lowing is the roster of the field and staff of 
Lieutenant-Colonel Howell's regiment, to 
which the following-mentioned companies 
were assigned. The roster of each of the 
eight companies of Elmer's brigade are ap- 
pended. They were copied from the original 
rolls in theoffice of Adjutant-General Stryker, 

at Trenton : 

Lieutenant- ( 'oloni:!. 
Joshua L. Howell, Sept. 7, '14, disch. Dec. 22, '14. 

Majors. 
Mahlon Davis, Sept. 7, '14, died Nov. 17, '14. 
Samuel Seagraves, Sept. 26, '14, disch. Jan. 6, 'If). 

Lieutenant and Adjutant. 
Josiah Matlack, Sept. 23, '14, disch. Dec. 22, '14. 

Lieutenants and Quartermasters. 
Thomas R. Denny, Sept. 21,'14, disch. Sept. 29,'14. 
Thomas Bradway, Sept. 30,'14, disch. Dec. 22, '14. 

Pay-Master. 
John Clement, Sept. 31, '14, disch. .Ian. (i, '13. 

Surgeon. 
Jeremiah J. Foster, Sept. 26, '14, disch. .Ian. 6,'15. 

Surgeon's Mates. 
Moses Bateman, Jr., Sept. 25, '14, died Nov. 7, '14. 
Edmond Sheppard, Nov. 8, '14, disch. Jan. 6, '15. 

Wagon Master. 
James Miller, Nov. 27, '14, disch. Jan. 7, '15. 



NOX-COMMI.SSIONED STAFF. 

Sergeant- Maj or . 

Evan C. Clement, Sept. 23, '14, disch. Dec. 22, '14. 

Quartermaster-Sergeant . 
Benjamin Nichols, Sept. 26, '14, disch. Jan. 6, '15. 

Drum-Major. 
Joseph Purfil, Jr., Sept. 26, '14, disch. Dec. 22,'14. 

Fife-Major. 
Clement R. Cory, Sept. 26, '14, disch. Dec. 22, '14. 

Total, fifteen. 

Captain Thomas Wescoat's Co.mpany 
was enrolled September 21, 1814, discharged 
January 4, IS15, was stationed at Billings- 
port. The following was the rank and file 
of the company : 

Captain. 

Thomas Wescoat. 

Lieutenant. 

Arthur Wescoat. 

Ensign. 
Solomon Adams. 
Sergeants. 
John Johnson. James Wiltse. 

James Smith. John Hosking. 

Corporals. 
Simon Morgan. Edward Dans. 

Samuel Pettitt. Daniel Veal. 

Privates. 

Robert Leeds. 



George Adams. 
Noah Adams. 
Robert Ashcraft. 
Elijah Barett. 
Richard Barrett. 
Edward Beebe. 
Joseph Beebe. 
William Bennet. 
Daniel Berry. 
David Campbell. 
Nathaniel Carver. 
William Clark. 
Edmund Cordeary. 
.lacob Cox. 
Michael Garvette. 
Daniel Giberson. 
John Hickman. 
Major Higbee. 
Edward Hooper, 
.lames Hughes. 
George Irelon. 
John Johnson, Jr. 
.Tames Jones. 



Charles Lord. 
John Murphy. 
John Peterson. 
Jesse Platte. 
George Poyier. 
Samuel Read. 
Daniel Rose. 
Daniel Smith. 
John I. Smith. 
John Smith. 
Steelman Smith. 
Elijah Steelman. 
Isaac Steelman. 
John Stewart. 
David Stibbins. 
Eli Strickliii. 
.■Abraham Toilor. 
John Turner. 
Daniel Vanneman. 
David Veal. 
James Wiley. 
Booze Wilkins. 



THE WAR OF 1812-14. 



83 



Total: Three commissioned officers, fifty- 
five enlisted men. 

Captain Richard W. Cheeseman's 

Company of detailed militia was stationed 

at Billingsport. It was enrolled September 

22, 1814, and di.scharged December 1(5, 1814. 

The following was the rank and file : 

Captaitu 

Richard W. Cheeseinan. 

LieuUnant. 

Jamea Bakley. 

Ensign. 
Jacob Conrow. 

Sergeants. 
John Wolohou. John Armitage. 

Samuel Hewitt. Christopher Sickler. 

Curporals. 
Johu Watsou, Jr. Jacob Cramer. 

Thomas Fulton. Henry Zulker. 

Dru7nmer. 
Isaiah Dill. 

Fifer. 
William Killium. 



Prirates. 
Nehemiah Beebe. 
Elijah Brilton. 
Joseph Brittou. 
Arthur H. Brown. 
Thomas Brown. 
Wesley Brown. 
Isaac Bryan. 
Job Burloe. 
John Cheeseman. 
Richard G. Cheeseman, 
Samuel Cheeseman. 
Joseph Dilks. 
M'duke Dukemeuier. 
Peter Dunn. 
James English. 
Samuel Farrow. 
Benjamin Filar. 
David Fisher. 
William Ford. 
Osman Garrison, 
Hudson Grajjewine. 
William Grapewine. 
Daniel Hagerty. 
William Hewet. 
Joseph W. Hillman. 
John Jones. 
Jonathan Kendall. 



William Leslie. 
Cromwell Lewis. 
David Matlack. 
Josiah Mickel. 
Joseph Morgan. 
Randall Morgan. 
Joshua Owen. 
Enos Parker. 
Cornelius Peas. 
Josiah Peas. 
Anthony Pettit. 
Jonathan Pine. 
William Randall. 
John Robertson. 
William Rowand. 
Samuel Rudrow. 
Samuel Slim. 
David Tice. 
James A. Tice. 
John Wallins. 
James Warrick. 
Joseph Watkins. 
John Webber. 
Joseph Wiley. 
Thomas Williams. 
John Zulkes. 



Total : Three commissioned officers and 
sixty-three enlisted men. 

Captain Jesse C. Chew's Company was 
stationed at Billingsport. It was enrolled Sep- 
tember 23, 1814, and disciiarged December 
20, 1814. Tile following was the rank and 
file: 

Captain. 
Jesse C. Chew. 

Lieutenant. 
John Smith. 

Scrgeantn. 
John Nelson. William Thompson. 

Charles Brooklield. Sparks Mcllvain. 

Corporals. 
Isaac Paul. Samuel White. 

Joseph Mullen. George Sherwin. 

Drummer. 
James Crawford. 



Prir 
Abel Ashead. 
Samuel Baxter. 
Elijah Blake. 
David Bowers. 
Israel Brown. 
Thomas Burrough. 
John Carpenter. 
Jeremiah Carter. 
Samuel Carrtar. 
Kendall Cole. 
John Connelly, Jr. 
William Connelly. 
James Corneal. 
Charles Cozens. 
Barnes Crawford. 
Jacob Dilks. 
Samuel Dilks. 
Samuel Dilks, Jr. 
Jonathan Fowler. 
Franklin B. Frost. 
James Gant. 
Joel Heritage. 



Isaac Hews. 
David Hurst. 
Isaac Jackson. 
Matthias Kay. 
John Mcllvain. 
Daniel McFee. 
Samuel Mitten. 
Reuben Mullen. 
Henry Myers. 
James Park. 
Ward Park. 
William Peterson. 
John Piles. 
Robert Pike. 
Isaac Price. 
James Seeds. 
John Sharp. 
William Sharp. 
George Simpkins. 
Joseph Thomson. 
Edward Thornton. 
John Whh. 



Total : Two commissioned officers and fifty- 
three enlisted men. 

C.\PTAiN Robert L. Armstrong's Com- 
pany wiis enrolled September 26, 1814, and 
discharged December 22, 1814. It was 
stationed at Billingsport and afterwards at 
Cape May. The following was the rank and 
tile: 



m 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, HiEW JERSEY. 



Robert L. Armstrong. 

First Lieutenant. 
Samuel L. Howell. 

Second Lieutenant. 
Randall Sparks. 

Ensign. 
Henry Roe, Jr. 

Sergeants. 
William Hugg. John Learmouth. 

Jacob Madera. Matthias Barton. 

Corporals, 
Nathan Thomson. John Mickle. 

Benjamin Darlington. John D. Watson. 

Privates. 

Edward Andrews. Charles Kinsenger. 

Thomas Ashbrook. John Matlack. 

Thomas Ayres. James G. Moysten. 

Benjamin Bartlett. Somers Owen. 

William Batt. Charles Page. 

Charles D. Branson. David Pierce. 

Gideon Burroughs. .\masa Pew. 

John Burroiighs. Tliomas Pawlings. 

Jonas Cattell. Joseph Richards. 

Robert Chatham. Thomas Richards. 

Samuel Cheeseman. John Roberts. 

Samuel E. CU^menl. Robert Roe. 

Job Coles. William Roe. 

Samuel Coles. William H. Ross. 

Edward Co.x. William Rutor. 

James Cox. William Scott. 

Charles Crump. Jacob Sears. 

Henr}' Davis. Benjamin Shreeve. 

James Dorman. Simon Sparks. 

John Dunaway. Joseph Stirling. 

Independence Ellis. Samuel C. Thackrav. 

Jacob Ellis. Cornelius Tice. 

Jacob Fifer. Joseph Townsend. 

John M. Gibson. Daniel Vannemaii. 

Isaac Hevvett. James Ward. 

Jacob S. Howell. Davis Watson. 

Joseph Hugg. Samuel W. Whitecar. 

Simeon James. Aaron Wilkins. 

Jonathan Kenuey. Charles Wilkins. 

Total : four coramissioued officers, sixtv- 
six enli.sted men. 

Captai.x Jonathan Lippincott'.s Co.\i- 
PANY was enrolled September 26, 1814, and 
discharged Decemlier 16, 1814 ; .stationed at 
Billingsport. Tlie following was the rank 
and lile : 



Captain. 

Jonathan Lippiucott. 

Lieutenant. 

William Madara. 

Ensign. 

Stephen S. Vauzant. 

Sergeants. 

Samuel Hendrickson. Charles Wood. 

Daniel Key. Samuel Lock. 

Corporals. 
David Burk. Jacob Mayers. 

John Madara. Abraham Gaskill. 

Druimner. 
John Holmes. 

Fi/'er. 
Thomas Riley. 
Privates. 
John Archer. Abner Luallen. 

.lohn Barber. Job B. Monroe, 

.lohn Burch. ' William Nugent. 

Jacob Carn. John Powell. 

James Clark. James Price. 

Maskill Clark. Jacob Price. 

Walter W. Day. John Pullen. 

Jonathan Dilks. James Reynolds. 

Jonathan Eldridge. William P. Reynolds. 

John Fisher. Henry Rulon. 

Samuel Garrison. William Russell. 

Abraham Clause. Charles Schweily. 

William Griscom. .loseph Sims. 

Joseph Grott". Philip Snailbacker. 

Richman P. Gurnal. Frederick Steel. 

Thomas Hand. John Stow. 

George Heisler. Gabriel Strong. 

Ezra Hendrickson. Isaac Thomson. 

Peter Homan. Thomas Vaughn. 

.\ndrew Jenkins. William Walker. 

Joseph Keen. Christopher Whitacar. 

Samuel Keen. Elijah Wood. 

Ezekiel Lock. Christian Yenser. 

Isaac Lloyd. John E. Y'ounker. 

Total : Three commissioned officers, fifty- 
eight enlisted men. 

Artillery CojrpANY commanded by 

Captain Enoch Gabb. It was stationed at 

Billingsport ; enrolled September 26,1814, 

and discharged December 22, 1814. The 

following was the rank and file : 

Captain. 

Enoch Gabb. 

Second Lieutenant. 

Stephen Miller. 



THE WAR OF 1812-14. 



85 



James Harker. 



Henry Kigir. 



Strytants. 

Ebeuezer Turner. 
( 'orporah. 

Ezekiel Weeks. 

Druiiimer. 

William Shillings. 

Kfer. 

Robert Davis. 



Primfes. 

James Reeves. 
Anthony Riley. 
William Shoulders. 
George Shute. 
Zephaniah Weeks. 
Moses Wilson. 
Gideon Ziern. 



Thomas Bates. 
John Dgrrieksou. 
Benjamin Hewlings. 
Aaron Hews. 
John Johnson. 
Noah Kates. 
James Miller, Jr. 
John Pricket. 

Total: Two coiiiinissioued officers, tweiity- 
oue enlisted meu. 

CaPT.MX PeTEK 8<)I DKIl's Co.MPAXY of 

detailed militia was statioued at Billiugs- 
port. It was eurolled September 27, 1814, 
and discharged December 21, 1814. The 
tollowiug was its rank and file : 

Capfain. 
Peter Souder. 
Z/ieutenant. 
Joseph Lippincott. 
Ensign. 
William Allen. 
Sergeants- 
Thomas Peterson. Erasmus Morton. 
Dodo Peterson. Philip Curiden. 

Corpoi-als. 

Andrew Cole. Elwen Cliffin. 

Lawrence Lippincott. John Sparks. 

Drummer. 

Benjamin Lippincott. 

Fl/er. 

Henry Webber. 

Frirates. 



Daniel Adams. 
Jonathan Ale. 
Josiah Ale. 
Samuel Beaver. 
Moses Bidel. 
James Boon. 
Daniel Carter. 
Oliver Combs. 
George Coombs. 
Joseph Curriden. 



William Curriden. 
James Demaris. 
Linnick Dilmore. 
William Dilworth. 
Lemuel Dougherty. 
David Dubois. 
John Dutley. 
Samuel Dunlap. 
William Dunn 
Jacob Ebright. 



David Evvens. Samuel Pickcn. 

Charles Fithian. Jolin Plummer. 

Lewis Fransway. John Reeves. 

John Glauden. William Sair. 

Peter Harris. Joseph Sanders. 

Francis Holetoir .Joseph Sapp. 

John Holeton. John Scott (1). 

William Holeton. John Scott (2). 

Joseph Humphreys. Silas Scare. 

John Hunter. Benjamin Smith 

Charles Lath Henry Sparks. 

Andrew Louback. Josiah Sparks 

Elijah Loyd. Thomas Sparks 

Samuel Lumley. John Spears. 

Samuel Mains. Lewis Stombs. 

Hill Mecuni. William Straughu 

William Moore John Stump. 

Jacob Nelson. Clark Tracy. 

Aaron Padget Charles Walleu 

Erick Peterson. Nathan Welsh. 

Peter Peterson. Samuel Wheaton 

Jacob Whitesele. Jonathan White. 

Thomas Woodnot Henry Zane. 

Total : Three commissioned officers, .seveu- 
ty-seven enlisted meu. 

Capt.\ix Willia.m Newton's Company 
of" detailed militia was stationed at Billings- 
port. It was eurolled September 29, 1814, 
and discharged December 22, 1814. The 
following was its rank and file. 
Captain. 
William Newton. 
Lieutenant. 
John Porter. 
Ensign. 
Michael Stow. 
iSergeants. 
Amos A. Middleton. Isaac Vansciver. 
Isaac Jones. (ieorge Hoft'man. 

Cor/jorals. 
John Henderson. Davis Nichols. 

Isaiah M. Hannold. 



Pr! 
Benjamin Anderson. 
William Burns 
John Brannon. 
George L. Browning. 
Jacob Coleman. 
Daniel Coles. 
Henry Earick. 
John Fisher. 
James Flick. 



•ates. 

John Garrow 
Joseph Garwood 
Samuel Hannold. 
Jacob Lock. 
Abraham Mack 
Isaac Middleton. 
Matthew Miller. 
Joel Read 
George Roe 



86 



HISTORV OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Isaac Sage. 
Armstrong Sapp. 
John H. Smallwood. 
Enoch Smith. 
Samuel Smith. 



Benjamin Stow. 
John Sutor. 
William Sutor. 
Peter Toy. 
James Vennel, 



Total : Three commissioned officers, tiiir- 
tv-five enlisted men.' 



CHAPTER IX. 

THE WAR WITH MEXU'O. 

During the administration of President 
Polk (1845-49) the war with Mexico oc- 
curred, in consequence of the adoption by 
Congress of Senator Benton's bill for the 
annexation of Texas, which had declared its 
independence of Mexico in 1833, and ob- 
tained its freedom as the result of the battle 
of San Jacinto April 21, 1836, when the 
Texans, under (ieneral Sam Houston, defeated 
Santa Anna's Mexican army. The population 
of Texas was largely made up of emigrants 
from the United States, and almost as soon 
as they had organized a government by 
electing Houston as President, tiiey asked for 
admission to the United States. They had to 
wait nine years, however, the sinister remon- 
strances and threats of Mexico, which still 
cherished hopes of regaining her lost territory, 
deterring Congress from acceding to the ap- 
plication. But the Americans crowded so 
rapidly into the new republic that there 
could be no question but that its future was 
destined to be united with that from which 
it had drawn its people and its institutions, 
and notwith.standing that the Senate in 1844 

1 Trenton, New .Jersey,] 
Sept. 20, 1880. / 

" I certify that the above list of soldiers detailed 
from tlie Gloucester County Mililia for service in the 
Wur of 1812. and of soldiers who were enrolled in the 
New Jersey Battalion for the Mexican War, is correct 
from the records of this office. 

" WiLHA.M S. Strykek, 
"Adjutant-General of New Jersey." 



rejected the annexation treaty negotiated by 
President Tyler, a year later it and the Hou.se 
of Representatives were ready to favorably 
answer the petition of Texas. 

Mexico officially announced that she re- 
garded this as an act of war, and by taking 
up arms sacrificed forever her claim upon 
Texas, and was eventually compelled to con- 
firm the conquests of Colonel Philip Kearny 
and Colonel John C. Fremont in New Mexico 
and Upper California by the session of those 
regions to the United States. 

The Wiiigs had opposed and the Demo- 
crats had favored the annexation of Texas; 
New Jersey had voted for Henry Clay and 
against I'oik for President in 1844 ; and in 
the existing situation of atfairs the Whig 
majoi-ity regarded with misgivings a war 
whicli they feared would result in the ex- 
tension of slavery in the Southwest. Yet the 
quota of troops, which the national govern- 
ment required the State to furnish, was filled 
without difficulty, and was forwarded to Mexi- 
co in time to join in General Taylor's victories 
in 1846 and 1847, at Palo Alto, Resaca de 
la Palma, Monterey, Saltillo and Bueua 
Vista. Then they joined the army under 
Scott, to the triumphs at Vera Cruz, Cerro 
Gordo, Perote, Contreras, San Antonio, 
^lolino del Rey, Cherubusco, Chapultepec 
and the City of Mexico. Between May 8, 1846, 
the date of the battle of Palo Alto, and Sep- 
tember 7, 1847, when the entry into the City 
of Mexico was made, the American armies, 
never counting as high as eight thousand 
elFective men, had in twenty engagements 
never failed to defeat the enemy, who were 
invariably twice or thrice their strength in 
numbers, had stormed fortifications supj)osed 
to be imj)regnabie and utterly vanquished a 
foe who at the outset of the war had affected 
to despise " Los Gringos." 

The Jersey commands participating in these 
marvelous campaigns were all, with one ex- 
ception, mustered at Trenton into the regular 
army ; and, therefore, no record was kept of 



THE WAR WITH MEXTCO. 



87 



the place of their organization, or of the resi- 
dence of individual recruits. The rosters 
presented in the office of the adjutant-general 
at Trenton merely show names and assign- 
ments to companies or regiments, rendering 
it impossible to fix through the rolls the 
towns and counties that supplied any one 
body of troops. Circumstances, however, 
indicate that most of the men who went from 
Camden County were mustered into the 
Tenth Regiment United States Infantry. 

In addition to the corajjanies thus received 
into the service by the War Department, a 
call was made on Governor Charles C. Strat- 
ton, of New Jersey, on May 2.3, 1846, for a 
regiment of volunteer infantry, and in re- 
sponse to his proclamation a number of com- 
panies were offered from Newark, Trenton, 
Burlington and Flemington. Brigadier-Gene- 
ral Goodwin is stated in Raum's history to 
have offered the Passaic brigade, and on May 
29, 1846, Captain Samuel Colt tendered a 
battalion. 

Camden County Soldiers. — The fol- 
lowing is a complete record, so far as could be 
ascertained, of troops from Camden County 
who served in the j\Iexican War. They are 
accredited to Camden County on the original 
muster-out roll of the company, on file in 
the office of the adjutant-general in Trenton. 
They were mustered into the battalion at 
Fort Hamilton, New York Harbor : 

Company A, New Jersey Battalion, was 
mustered in September 1, 1847, and mus- 
tered out August 5, 1 848. 
( 'iiji/aiti. 
Henry A. Naglee. 
Second Lieutenant. 
Isaac W. Mickle. 
Seryeaiitx. 
David D. Nichols. .Joliu M. Miikle. 

Corjioral. 
^Tohn Ppear. 

ftrummer. 
William H- Benckert. 



PTirnfe.s. 

Charles S. Bates. .lolin W. Luniley. 

Charles Bessonett. Samuel Lumley. 

Franci.s S. Bosler. .lolui jAIcNiilty. 

John B. Berger. .loseph M. Myer.s. 

James Canning. Charles Orhley. 

Samuel Cleary. (icorgeP. Pettit. 

Daniel Carter. Charles H. Potts. 

Peter Cunningham. William W. Reilly. 

Thomas Deizley. Charles F. Rodgers. 

Jame.s Falan. Frederick Rothweilcr. 

Lawrence Garcy. William Shery. 

Thomas Gaynor. Thomas Shimus. 

Barnet Hansel. Aaron D. Smalhvuod. 

William S. Heaton. Charles V. Smith. 

William Hera. Alexander Steward. 

Henry W. Howard. Edward Tice. 

Ireland. Henry Williams. 

Israel Learner. .Tohn Winters. 

Total: Twocommissioned officers and fortv 
enlisted men. The following served in the 
Mexican War in Penn.sylvania companies 
and in the navy, but were not accredit('d to 
Camden County. They entered the Uin'ted 
States service from Camden County, — 

Capfains. 

James McCraken. William Newton. 

IJtuti-nant. 

James B. Sutherland. 

Boatswain's Mate. 

Ziba Sears. 

Sergeant. 

Aquilla Haines. 

Corporal. 

Isaac Toy. 

Gunner's Mate. 

Ezra Lukens. 

The battalion of New Jersey infantry to 
which the Camden County company was 
assigned went out from West Jersey. There 
were many who entered the marine service, the 
naval service, the regular army, and others 
again, who were transferred to the store-ship 
" Fredonia," the bomb brigs, " Vesuvius " 
and " Heckla," as also the war steamers 
" Spitfire " and " Iri.s," and the sloop-of-war 
" Falcon." There were thirteen men from 
Camden and Gloucester Counties on the 
frigate " Cumberland," under Coinniodore 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



ConiKT, and who were landed l)elow the city 
of Vera Cruz on the morning of the 9th of 
March, 1847. They assisted in landing shot 
and shell, planting batteries and preparing 
to attack the celebrated castle San Juan de 
Ulloa. General Scott summoned the city 
to surrender on the 22d, but receiving a 
negative answer, the heavy mortars opened 
fire, which was continued until the 27th, 
when General Landero, commandant of the 
city, commenced negotiations for their sur- 
render. Tn the mean time the little " Spit- 
fire," a steamer not larger than one of the 
small ferry-boats on the Delaware, put out 
on the guards two men at heaving the lead 
to find a passage over the coral reef. Oae 
of these was a Jerseyman from Camden 
County, Boatswain's Mate Ziba Sears, who 
had distinguished himself in the determined 
effort, to discover a channel or thoroughfare 
over this reef, which extends for three 
miles around and beyond the castle and 
early ou the 27th did succeed in find- 
ing a crossing-place. At once the " Spit- 
fire " advanced boldly up under the walls of 
the San Juan, tlie guns of which were 
mounted en barbette and could not be de- 
pressed sufficiently to do any material dam- 
age to the steamer. The " Spitfire " ran 
right under the guns of the ca.stle, and tossed 
red-hot shot into it and set the buildings on 
fire and compelled' the surrender of the 
castle. When Vera Cruz and the 'castle 
surrendered, the detachment of Major John 
Reynolds, to which the Camden Company was 
attached, at once (captured Alvarado and 
Hocatalpam, ninety miles below Vera Cruz. 
Major Reynolds was enthusia.stic in his 
praises of the soldierly bearing of the Jersey 
troops. James M. Sutherland, of Wood- 
iiury, a first lieutenant in this detachment, 
was the first to mount the scaling ladders at 
Chapultepec and planted the Stars and Stripes 
upon the walls of the city. On the 19th of 
April, 1847, these same troops attacked and 
took possession of Peroteand throughout the 



entire war took an active part. On the 8th 
of May, 1848, peace was declared between 
the United States and Mexico, and at this 
time the great insurrection was in progress 
in the penin.sula of Yucatan, and the cities on 
the Gulf coast were in danger and applied 
to the United States for protection. Our 
government nobly responded and called for 
volunteers from among those who were prepar- 
ing to return home after a grand and glorious 
conquest. Some of the naval s(|uadroii and 
marines and five hundred of the troops, 
among whom were some of the Camden 
company, were at once forwarded to Laguna, 
Sisal and Catupeche. The flint-lock mus- 
kets and ammunition were turned over to 
the authorities of the cities, the insui'gents 
were routed, and in November, 1848, six 
tnonths after the term of service of these 
troops in the Mexican War had expired, 
they returned home via Norfolk, being dis- 
charged from the different vessels of the 
squadron. 

Captain C. N. Pelouze, of 604 St)uth 
Fifth Street, Camden, is one of the survivors 
of the Mexican War. Elisha N. Luckett 
was a second lieutenant in the Second 
Pennsylvania Regiment in the Mexican War. 
He now resides in Camden. Joseph Camp, 
residing three miles .south of Camden, is also 
a survivor of the Mexican War. 

C.VPTAIN Frank H. Coles, who.se .ser- 
vices in the preparation of the military 
chapters and other parts in this work were 
of great value, entered the marine service in 
the Mexican War in 1847, assigned to the 
frigate " Cumi)erland " mentioned above, 
and afterward to the United States .steamer 
" Iris," participated in the capture of Vera 
Cruz, Alvarado and Hocatalpam, and was 
one of the volunteers to Yucatan. 

Captain Coles was born at Woodbury, Sep- 
tember 28, 1827, and is of Swedish descent, 
his great-grandfathei'. Job Coles, having emi- 
grated from Sweden nearly two centuries 
ago. His father, Samuel Coles, was an ensign 



THE WAR FOE THE UNION. 



89 



ill the War of 1812. At the outbreak of the 
Civil War, Captain Coles, between the 12th 
and 16th of April, 1861, materially assisted 
in raising the first company that went out 
from Gloucester County, of which he became 
fii-st lieutenant. He afterwards entered the 
three years' service as first sergeant in Third 
Regiment of General Kearny's brigade ; 
was promoted to second lieutenant of Com- 
pany G May 29, 1862 ; promoted to first 
lieutenant March 24, 1863. After being 
woinided on June 27, 186.3, at Gaines' Mills, 
he was transferred, December 18, 1863, to 
the Veteran Reserve Corps as captain, com- 
manding Fifty-first and Fifty-second Com- 
panies, Second Battalion, Veteran Reserve 
Corps. He remained in the service until 
June 29, 1865. 

Captain Coles was married, in December, 
1849, to Anna Elizabeth Harker, daughter 
of Joseph Harker, of Swedesboro' and eldest 
sister of Brigadier-Cteneral Charles (i. 
Harker, a graduate of West Point Military 
Academy, who was killed at Kennesaw 
Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864, at the 
age of twenty-seven years. 

C'aptaix William SxiLLiNCis, now 
residing in Gloucester City, was born in 
1814, sou of Jacob Stillings, a soldier of the 
Revolution. He was a soldier in the Seminole 
War in Florida, the ^Mexican War and the 
War for the Union. In 1838 he enlisted in 
the regular army and served in Florida 
under General Zachaiy Taylor. He was 
under General Scott when the Cherokee 
Indians were removed west of the Mississi|)pi 
to Indian Territory. In 184(), with his 
command, he was sent to Mexico, placed 
under General Scott, and participated in the 
memorable battles on the triumphant march 
to the City of Mexico. In 1854 he retired 
from the army and returned to Gloucester. 
In 1861 he was mustered into the service 
as a first lieutenant of Company K, Fourth 
Regiment New Jersey Volunteers, and at 
the exj)ii-ation of his term ol' tiirce months 



became a first lieutenant in the throe years' 
service. He was in the battles of West 
Point and Fair Oaks and at Gaines' Mills 
was captured by the enemy, placed in Libb} 
Prison forty-six days and then paroled. He 
joined his command, was promoted to cap- 
tain, took part in the second battle of Bull 
Run and the battles of South Mountain and 
Antietam. After recovering from a wound 
received in battle he entered the navy as 
engineer and continued in that service until 
1867. 



CHAPTER X. 

THE WAR FOR THE UXIOS. 

If a definite date is sought tor the begin- 
ning of the slavery agitation out of which 
proceeded the War for the Union, it may 
be placed in the year 182(1, when Mis- 
souri was admitted into the Union — not but 
that the question had previously shown itself 
to be a disturbing and threatening element, 
but because at that time there was presented 
for solution, the momentous problem whether 
the vast territory which had been acquired 
by the Louisiana purchase should be thrown 
open to the slave power of the South. The 
people of the free States — or at least an 
overwhelming majority of them — were de- 
termined that this more than imperial domain 
should not be used for the extension of sla- 
very, while those in favor of it were equally 
i-esolute in the maintenance of their theory 
that the slave-holder should be at liberty to 
locate in any of the newly-formed Territories 
with their human chattels, and, if they pos- 
sessed the voting majority, to establish sla- 
very by the Constitution of any State created 
from the Territories. It is not required that 
we should here refer to the several compro- 
mise measures passed by Congress defining 
lines stretching from the Mississippi River to 
the Pacific Ocean, the soil north of which 



90 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



should be forbidden to the slave-master and 
that south of it preserved to him forever. 
All such efforts to accomplish the impossible 
task of reconciling under one government 
two widely repellent industrial, political and 
social systems proved failures before they 
were wiped out by the decision of the Su- 
preme Court in the Dred Scott case. 

Interwoven with this phase of the irre- 
pressible conflict was the doctrine of States' 
rights upheld by the Southern leaders and 
insisted upon as the most efficacious of the 
instruments for the extension and perpetuity 
of slavery. It had been discussed with ex- 
treme vigor in the convention which framed 
the Constitution of the nation, and even the 
victory therein of the Federali-sts over the 
opposition had not laid it to rest or prevented 
it from becoming a crucial i.ssue in subse- 
quent politics. It had been the justifica- 
tion for South Carolina in 1832, when, under 
the guidance of John C. Calhoun, that State 
endeavored to nullify the tariff legislation of 
Congress, and from it tlie Southern states- 
men derived the alleged right of secession, in 
consequence of the election of Abraham 
Lincoln to the chief magistracy as the can- 
didate of a party which declared opposition 
to the extension of slavery to be its rea.son 
for existence. 

The opening of the War for the Union 
found New Jersey illy prepared to play her 
part on the field of battle. Devoted to the 
Constitution which the Legislature had nnan- 
imously ratified in December, 1787, this 
State was ready to exert her influent* to 
peacefully adjudicate the questions pregnant 
with national disruption. New Jersey had 
given four of her electoral votes to j\.braham 
Lincoln and a coalition of the Democratic 
factions had cast the other three for Stephen 
A. Douglas. On January 29, 1861, the 
Legislature passed resolutions indorsing Sen- 
ator Crittenden's compromise plan, or any 
other constitutional method that might i)er- 
mancntly settle the question of slavery. The 



conservative temper of that body decided 
" that the government of the United States 
is a national government, and the union it 
was designed to perfect is not a mere com- 
])act or league ; that the Constitution was 
adojited in a .spirit of mutual compromise 
and concession by the people of the United 
States and can only be preserved by the 
constant recognition of that spirit." The 
Personal Liberty statutes which some of 
the States had adopted as an offset to the 
F\]gitive Slave Law, were aimed at in a 
re.solution urging States " that have obnox- 
ious laws in force which interfere with the 
constitutional rights of the citizens of other 
States, either in regard to their persons or 
property, to repeal the same." Another res- 
olution propo.sed the calling of a convention 
of all the States to suggest amendments to 
the National Constitution that would avert 
disunion ; and finally, Charles S. Olden, 
Peter D. Vroom, Robert F. Stockton, Ben- 
jamin Williamson, Frederick T. Freling- 
huysen, Rodman M. Price, William C. Alex- 
ander and Thomas J. Stryker were appointed 
a committee to confer with Congress and 
similar delegates from other common- 
wealths upon enforcing the plan outlined in 
these resolutions. They took part in the 
Peace Conference held at Washington, Feb- 
ruary 4, 18(J1, at which twenty-one States 
were represented and which submitted sev- 
eral constitutional amendments to Congress, 
but their well-meant efforts were of no avail, 
for Congress gave little heed to their recom- 
mendations, and on the same day the Confed- 
erate government was organized at Mont- 
gomery, Alabama. 

President Lincoln's proclamation calling 
out seventy-five thousand troops for the three 
months' service was issued April ISth, two 
days after the fall of Fort Sumter. New 
Jersey had no militai-y establishment com- 
))etent to furnish at a moment's notice the 
four regiments of seviMi hundred and eighty 
men each, the cpiota a.'^signcd to her. 



THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 



91 



lu the language of John Y. Foster, author 
of " New Jersey aud the Rebellion," hor 
militia system " was one of shreds and 
pat<>hes, without organic unity, and almost 
entirely worthless as a means of defence, or 
even as a nucleus for a more perfect organi- 
zation.'" But she had in Governor Charles 
S. Olden an executive whose quickness of 
thought and action went far to make up for 
these deficiencies. He received the requisi- 
tion from the national government on April 
17th, and instantly issued a proclamation 
directing all imlividuals or organizations 
willing to volunteer to report themselves 
within twenty days, various banks tlirough- 
out the State having already placed at his 
disposal four hundred and fiftj^-one thou.sand 
dollars to provide for the equipment and 
arming of the troops. At the same time 
orders were issued to the four generals of 
divisions to detail each one regiment of ten 
companies, aud at once proceed to the organi- 
zation of the reserve militia. Under the 
orders volunteers were to be accepted for 
three months' service ; but if a sufficient num- 
ber of these did not enlist, the deficiency was 
to be made up by a draft from the militia. 
Ardent loyalists, however, came forward in 
such numbers that within a few days over one 
hundred companies, equal to ten thousand 
men, had offered to go to the front. The 
Camden correspondent of the Philadelphia 
Pxiblle Ledger states that on the evening 
of April loth the Stockton Cadets, a Cam- 
den militia^company, held a meeting at their 
armory and passed resolutions expressing 
their loyalty and declaring it to be the duty 
of all connected with the militia to enroll 
tlieraselves for the defence of the Stars and 
Stripes, whereupon all present, twenty-three 
in number, enlisted. Arrangements were 
made for having the armory open nightly for 
the enlistment of recruits between the ages of 
eighteen and twenty-one yeare, with a view 
of tendering the services of the command to 
the government. 



The First War Mi:ETiN(i in C.\mdkx. 
—On the KJth of April, 18(J1, three days 
after the Confederates fired upon Fort Sum- 
ter, at the entrance of Charleston Harbor, a 
large number of loyal and patriotic citizens 
of Camden City and County issued the fol- 
lowing vigorous and spirited response to the 
President's proclamation : 
" To the Preudcnf of the United Staten : 

"The unparalleled events of the last week have 
revealed to the citizens of the United States, be- 
yond iiueation or the possibility of a doubt, that 
[>eaceful reconciliation upon the form of our Con- 
stitution is repelled and scorned, and secession 
means, in the hearts of its supportei-s, both Trea- 
son and war against our Country and Nation. 

" We, therefore, the undersigned Loyal Citizens 
of the United States, and inhabitants of the city of 
Camden, in the State of New Jersey, responding 
to the proclamation of the President of the United 
States, hereby declare our unalterable determina- 
tion to sustain the government in its efforts to 
maintain the honor, the integrity aud the exist- 
ence of our National Union and the perpetuity of 
the popular Government, and to redress the 
wrongs already long enough endured; no differences 
of political opinion; no badge of diversity upon 
points of party distinction, shall restrain or with- 
hold us in the devotion of all we have or can com- 
mand to the vindication of the Constitution, the 
maintenance of the laws and the defence of the 
Flag of our Country. 

" I. S. Mulford. Samuel S.E.Coperthwait. 

E. R. .Johnson. James M. Scovel. 

Louis L. Scovel. S. C. Harbert. 

B. M. Braker. John S. Read. 

Joseph C.Nichols. D. H. Erdman. 

Elwood C. Fortiner. Adam Angel. 

Joseph Vautier. George W. Vanhorn. 

Edmund Brewer. Charles S. Garrett. 

Uriah Norcross. Thomas M. Barracliff. 

Isaac L. Lowe. W. H. Saunders. 

Henry B. Goodwin. Jacob Harman, Jr. 

Richard W. Test. Charles K. Horsfall. 

James M. Cassady. Timothy Middleton. 

John Duprey. William W. Sloan. 

Jesse Pratt. Charles Cloud. 

Hamilton Johnston. A. W . Tcsl. 

Charles P. Dickinson. C. A. S. Oriesback. 
Richard H. Lee. Henry Scliock. 

C.G. Zimmerman. Walter Patton. 

Thomas M. K. J-ee, Jr. Azael Roberts. 
Charles J. Sanders. Thomas Jeft'ries. 



92 



HISTORY OF CAMDKN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



C. Gilbert Hannah. 
John T. F. Peak. 
Samuel C. Cooper. 
J. C. De Lajour. 
Edward T. Andrews. 
Conclin Mayhey. 
William Reynolds. 
Simon Rammel. 
H. H. Gold.smith. 
John Horsfall. 
Thomas H. Dudley. 
Robert Folwell. 
Edw. H. Saunders. 
James C. Morgan. 
David H. Sheppard. 
Richard Fetters. 
Charles C. Reeves. 
S. H. Grey. 
N. B. Stokes. 
S. C. Wright. 
Joseph Dlinston. 
David Creary. 
John R. Barber. 
James H. Denny. 
William R. Maxwell. 
Robert Wible. 
Hamilton William. 
George W. Jackson. 
Joseph Maurer. 
Joseph D. Brown. 
William S. Scull. 
Daniel Witham. 
Isaac Shreeve. 
Adam Hare. 
George Wardell. 
Joseph Coffman. 
George W. Conrow. 



Joshua Howell. 
Martin Grey. 
S. L. Wayne. 
Abner Sparks. 
Van T. Shivers. 
Westcott Campbell. 
William J. Taylor. 
Isaiah Norcross. 
Alden C. Scovel. 
Philip J. Gray. 
George W. Gilbert. 
Charles D. Hineline. 
Thomas H. Davis. 
Charles De Haven. 
Thomas Ackley. 
John Gill. 
James B. Dayton. 
James M. Stevens. 
Joseph French. 
George Campbell. 
A. A. Merry. 
E. Wells. 
William D. Clark. 
William B. Hatch. 
E. C. Jackson. 
A. B. Martin. 
Richard O. Robertson. 
Timothy C. Moore. 
George W. Stanley. 
Robert Schali. 
Reynell Coates. 
Aaron Hewit. 
Henry Shuster. 
William Hartsgrove. 
William B. French. 
W. A. Winchester. 
John M. Natty." 



In response to a call, on the 18tli of 
April an enthusiastic meeting was held in 
the county court-house, which was formed 
of a large collection of prominent citizens. 
The court-room was decorated with flags 
and mottoes. John W. Mickle was chosen 
president and Samuel C. Harbert and 
Thomas G. Rowand secretaries. The presi- 
dent addre.ssod tlie meeting first and Rev. 
Mr. Monroe offered a prayer. Hon. Thomas 
P. Carpenter, Thomas B. Atkinson (mayor) 
and Joseph Painter were appointed a com- 
mittee on resolutions. Judge Philip J. Grey 
addressed the uK^eting, after which the com- 
mittee adopted a long series of patriotic res- 



olutions. The A¥ashington Grays, Stockton 
Cadets and the Zouaves marched into the 
room and were received with cheers, Samuel 
Hufty read a resolution which was signed by 
many persons, who immediately formed the 
Home Brigade. David M. Chambers, Cap- 
tain Stafford, Benjamin M. Braker, John H. 
Jones and ¥^. A. Acton each addressed the 
meeting. James M. Scovel was then called 
upon and responded in eloquent terms and 
with patriotic energy. S. H. Grey offered a 
resolution, wliich was adopted, that the City 
Council and the Freeholders of the county be 
requested to apjn'opriate money for the e([ui])- 
ment of persons who may volunteer in de- 
fense of the country, and S. H. Grey, James 
M. Cassady and Joseph Painter were ap- 
jioiuted a committee to look after the interests 
of the resolution. The meeting continued in 
sassion until eleven p.m. 

On the 22d of April Samuel H. Grey 
made an address before the Board of Free- 
holders in a patriotic appeal, soliciting the 
board to make appropriations for the relief 
of families of volunteer .soldiers. John S. 
Read offered a resolution favoring the ap- 
propriation of five thousand dollars, whicli 
was unanimously adopted. On the evening 
of the 25th the City Council voted four 
hundred dollars for the saiue purpose. On 
the same evening the First Methodist Epis- 
copal Church of Camden collected one hun- 
dred and fifty dollars and purchased five 
hundred Bibles for the volunteer soldiers of 
Camden County. , 

The State Bank of Camden loaned twenty- 
five thousand dollars and the Farmers and 
Mechanics Bank ten thousand dollars to the 
Governor of New Jersey to aid in the prose- 
cution of the war. In July, 1861, the 
County Bible Society sent large in.stallments 
of Bibles to the Caniden County soldiers at 
Trenton. 

On April Itith the Washington Grays, of 
Camden, held a meeting and resolved to open 
the armory for recruits. By Saturday, April 



THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 



93 



20th, those two oompaiiies, the Caimleu 
Zouaves and the Union Guards were reported 
ready tor service and the Camden liiglit Ar- 
tillery organizing. On the 25th the same 
correspondent wrote that the following com- 
panies had taken their departure from Cam- 
den for Trenton : 

Washington Grays, Captain E. Price Hunt. 
Canideu Light Artillery, Captain I. W. Mirkle. 
Stockton Cadets, Captain E. G. Jackson. 
Camden Zouaves, Captain John R. Cunningham. 

And the following fi-om Gloucester City : 

Union Guards, Captain Joseph B. Stratiord. 
Anderson Guards, Captain John P. Van Leer. 

It was the boast of the Gloucester people 
that Union township, which had but four 
hundred voters, sent at this time one hundred 
and ninety-eight good men to do duty for the 
cause. 

Foster's history asserts that on April 18th, 
Captain John R. Cunningham tendered the 
Camden Zouaves, a well-drilled and uni- 
formed comj)auy, to the Governor." This or- 
ganization had been formed under the militia 
law in the preceding year, when the tour of 
the principal cities made by Ellsworth's 
Chicago Zouaves inspired thousands of young 
men to join companies patterned upon that 
famous model. It was mustered into the 
Fourth Regiment, on April 25th, as Company 
G, under command of Captain Cunningham, 
First Lieutenant Louis M. Morris and En- 
sign Joseph L. De La Cour. 

The other five companies from Camden 
County were placed in the same regiment. 
Captain Hunt's company became Company 

' This was the first official tender of a company made 
in tlie State. Foster says that the first regimental otter 
was made on the same day, when Lieutenant-Colonel V. 
R. Matthews, commanding the First Regiment, Hunter- 
don Brigade, wrote to the Governor proffering their ser- 
vices. The fir.st individual offer, according to Governor 
Olden's records, was that of General Joseph W. Revere, 
of the Morris Brigade, who, in January, 1861, tendered 
his services in any capacity in which they might be re- 
quired. This offer was renewed and accepted on April 
17th. 



F ; Captain Van Leer's, Company II ; Cap- 
tain Jackson's, Company V ; Captain Straf- 
ford's, Company D ; and Captain Mickle's, 
Company E. The two first were mustered 
on April 25th and the three last on April 
27th. 

Among the individual offers was that of 
William B. Hatch, of Camden, who had 
served in 185!) and 18()0 in the cavalry of 
the Russian army ; he was commissioned as 
adjutant of the Fourth Regiment in the 
ninety days' service, and subsequently made 
major of the Fourtli (three years') Regiment. 
Mrs. Hettie K. Painter, of Camden, volun- 
teered as a nurse, and became known to 
thousands of sick and wounded men for her 
gentle and efficient ministrations in the hos- 
pitals of the Army of the Potomac. 

On the last day of April the quota of the 
State was complete, and it was mustered at 
Trenton as a brigade of four regiments, 
under command of General Theodore Run- 
yon, the present chancellor of New Jersey. 
The next day the Governor sent a special 
messenger to General B. F. Butler, com- 
manding at Annapolis, Md., requesting him 
to prepare to receive the brigade, which was 
to be .sent through the canal route in con.se- 
quence of the destruction of the railroad 
bridges near Baltituore by the Secessionists of 
Marvland. The men were embarked at 
Trenton on May 3d, on a fleet of fourteen 
propellers, and proceeded down the Delaware 
River and through the Delaware and C^hesa- 
peake Canal to Annapolis, which they 
reached on the night of the 4th." General 

^They left Trenton without a round of ammunition. 
Captain Charles P. Snntli was sent to New York that 
day to procure it, but was unsuccessful, until a Mr. 
Blunt, a dealer on Broadway, agreed to let him have a 
certain quantity of cartridges and percussion caps on 
his personal security. He reached Jersey City with a 
dray-load, notwithstanding the New York authorities 
had prohibited any ammunition from being taken from 
the city. There he had a controversy with the railroad 
officials, who refused to take such freight on a passen- 
ger train, but compromised by allowing it to be packed 
in an iron crate, which was towed a long way astern of 



94 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Butler ordered its advance to Washington, 
and on the otli the First Regiment, witli six 
companies of tlie Second and nine companies 
of the Third, started forward in two trains 
of cars. The first of these trains reached 
Wasliington about midnight, and the second 
at eight o'clock the following morning. The 
same evening the Fourth Regiment and the 
remaining company of the Third arrived at 
the capital. The four companies of the >Sec- 
ond left at Annapolis, were detailed to guai'd 
the telegraph and railroad between ^Vnnaj>o- 
lis Junction, and were left without tents and 
almost without a commissariat for a mouth. 

(_)n May Oth the arrival of the brigade 
was reported to General Scott, and no camps 
being provided, the troops went into such 
qnarters as were available in Wasliington. 
" On all sides," says Foster, " their arrival 
was hailed witii jileasure. Men felt that now 
the capital was safe. These three thousand 
Jei'seymen, thoroughly armed and equij)ped, 
as no regiments previously arrived, had been, 
could be relied upon to repel all assaults. 
New Jersey never stood higher in the estima- 
tion of the loyal people of the country than 
at that juncture, ^^•hen she sent to the na- 
tion's defense the first full brigade of troops 
that reached the field." On May 7th the 
command marched past the White House, 
where it was reviewed by President Lincoln 
and (leneral Scott. On the 9th the Fourth 
Regiment moved out to Camp Monmouth, on 
Meridian Hill, where it was soon joined by 
the other regiments, and on the I'lth the 
camp was visited by the President and Se(!- 
retaries Chase and Seward, Mr. Lincoln com- 
plimenting the troops on their .soldierly ap- 
pearance. They remained at ('am[) Mon- 
mouth, ])erfecting their drill and discipline, 

the train. At 10.30 that night Captain Smith reache'i 
(Jamden, where a tug was in waiting for him. The 
flotilla with the brigade was intercepted as it was pass- 
ing the city ; lie transferred the crate to the various ves- 
sels, and its lontents were served out to the men as they 
went on down the Delaware. 



until the 23d, when the Second, Third and 
Fourth Regiments (the First following the 
next day) crossed the Potomac into Virginia, 
and on the Wa,shingtonand Alexandria road, 
at a most important strategic point, con- 
structed and mounted with heavy guns a 
strong defensive work, which, in honor of 
their brigadier, they named Fort Runyou. It 
was the first regular fortification built by the 
national troops. The brigade remained in 
this vicinity until July IGth, when it was 
moved forward a few miles, and placed in 
the First Reserve Division, to which had also 
l)een assigned the First, Second and Third 
New Jersey (threeyear.s')Regiments,whit'ii had 
reached the field a few days previous to the 
movement. The First (three months') Regi- 
ment was ordered to a point on the Orange 
and Alexandria Railroad, three miles beyond 
Springfield, to guard the track repairs. On 
the same day four hundred and twenty-five 
men of the Third Regiment were detailed to 
e-scort a provision train, and a portion of the 
Fourth was charged with guarding another 
.section of the railroad. One company of the 
latter regiment was then guarding the Long- 
Bridge, and still another was on duty at Ar- 
lington Mills, while the remainder was or- 
dered to Alexandria with the Second (three 
montlis') Regiment. Colonel Taylor, com- 
manding the Third (three years') Regiment, 
was at the same time instructed to march to 
a point on the Orange and Alexandria Rail- 
road, and during the night • following, the 
First and Second (three years') Regiments 
were moved forward to A'^ienna. On the 
17th orders were issued to all the regiments 
in the command to provide them-selves with 
two days' cooked rations, and on the 18th, 
(leneral Rnnyon as.sumed command of all 
the troops not on the march to the front. 

These dispositions were in view of the bat- 
tle of Bull Run, which was fought and lost 
by the Union army on July 21st. The near- 
est that any of the Jersey troops came to par- 
tici]>ation in it, was that the First and Second 



THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 



95 



(three years') Regiments and the First (three 
months') Regiment were marched toward 
Centrevillc during the day, and that the two 
first-named reached the town in season to ar- 
rest with fixed bayonets the rush of thou- 
sands of panic-strici\en fugitives toward 
Washington, and rally them into something 
like order. They performed this duty most 
tMithfully and the value of their services was 
fully recognized by General JNIcDowell. 

On July 24th the Third and Fourth Reg- 
iments, their term of enlistment having ex- 
pired, were ordered to report to General 
Mansfield to be mustered out. The First 
and Second received the same orders on the 
following day ; and after being formally dis- 
charged the brigade returned home to New 
Jersey, where it was accorded an enthusiastic 
reception. A majority of the men re-enlisted 
in the long-term regiments and were back in 
the field before they had time to forget a 
movement of the manual of arms. 

It has been estimated that in the early 
months of the war fully five thousand citizens 
of New Jersey enlisted in New York, I'hila- 
delphia and elsewhere in the regiments of 
other States. They were bent upon entering 
the army, and as the three months' quota of 
New Jersey was already filled, they sought 
service outside. Whole companies were thus 
transferred to neighboring States and their 
identity as Jersey commands thus lost. They 
("umot now be traced, but it may be mentioned 
that the renowned Flxcelsior I^rigade of New 
York embraced many Jersey soldiers in its 
ranks. An unknown number of CamdcMi 
County men crossed the river, and in Phila- 
delphia enrolled themselves in commands of 
the Keystone State. 

The following is the official roster of the 
six com])anies of the P^ourth Regiment of 
three months' troops raised in C'amden 
County : 

COMPANY c. 

Captain. 

Edmund G. .laokson. 



Firxt. JJeu/enanl. 
William R. Maxwell. 

Ensign. 

William H. Hemsing. 

First Sergeant. 

Retijamin C!oiinelly. 

Serijeaiifx. 

Rudolph Tenner. John W. Moore. 

David D. Helm. 

Corporals. 
William Rogers. Samuel RatclitT. 

George W. Jaek.non. William D. Miller. 

Fifer. 
George Jauss. 

Drummer. 
Charles Hoy. 

Privates. 

James Albright. Edward A. .lohnston. 

Robert H. Ames. John Lezenby. 

.loseph Bazarth. William Loel. 

Anthony Bernard. Alfred Martin. 

James G. Boileau. Frank McCamnidii. 

Cornelius Brown. William Morris. 

.John Brown. Francis Mount. 

Charles B. Capewell. Davis H. Nichols. 

Thomas Carr. George S. Patterson. 

William H. Carson. John P. Price- 

.lesse C. Chew. Richard J. Robertson. 

William H. H. Clark. Charles H. Rogers. 

John Clevenger. William H. Schwaab. 

William P. Cojieland. August Scior. 

Collin Coutts. Richard Smith. 

Dilwyn Cowperthwaite. Charles Spooner. 

John O. Crowell. Savillion A. Steiumetz. 

Charles Davis. Andrew H. Stilwell. 

Elijah T. Davis. Stacy Stockton. 

Clayton Edwards. John Sweesley. 

William A. Fish. Edward Thornton. 

Henry Frost. James H. Townsend. 

Jacob Gerhart. Tlieodore Vansciver. 

Charles G. P. Goforth. Andrew J. Wallace, 

.lohn R. Grubb. Joshua Walleus. 

.fosiah Harley. John W. Wetherby. 

William H. Helams. Joseph M. White. 

Thomas Henderson. Thomas White. 

Walter Hill. Thomas Whittaker. 

William S. Hiueline. Charles Wilson. 

.■Vlt'red Horner. Isaac F. Wright. 

WillardHowe. George W. Wood. 

CO.MPANV D. 

Captain. 
Joseph B. Strafibrd. 



96 



HISTORY OF CAMPEN COUNTY, NEW .TERSEi^ 



First Lieutenant. 

John Cavanaugh. 

J-Mugn. 

P'erdinand MeWilliams. 

Fird Sergeant, 

Patrick Reiley. 
Sergennti'. 
Arnold S. Shailer. Edward Corcoran. 

James Oonley. Peter Rancom. 

Corparals. 
Michael Dunn. Peter Megary. 

Joseph S, Strafford. Franklin Lightcap. 

Drummer. 

John O'Brien. 
Privdtes. 
William H. Ackerson. (leorge H. Manson. 
William Bisbing. Peter McAdams. 

Suffaray J. Blanc. James McCaffrey. 

Nicholas Brady. James McCann. 

Theodore Brick. James McCormick. 

Alexander Bryson. James McGrovy. 

John Burns. Michael McGrovy. 

James Byers. Alexander McHenry. 

Patrick Byers. James McManus. 

Michael E. Callahan. Owen Mullen. 
William A. Coles. Edward Noble. 

William J. Coles. . William Norton. 

Henry Conlen. John ( )'Neil. 

Henry Conerty. James O'Reiley. 

Michael Corcoran. Francis C. Orens. 

(ieorge W. Crammer. John Pei)per. 
Thomas Dugan. Aaron Peterson. 

Thomas Eagen. Robert Ciuigley. 

Patrick Early. Robert Redfield. 

James Finnegan. James Rowbottom. 

James Flynn. Aaron Stone. 

Charles Gannon. Ambrose Strong. 

.Fohn Gannon. Arthur Toole. 

Hugh H. Gorman. Peter Toole. 

Thomas Goodman. Peter Warburton. 

James Jobes. Josiah L. Ward. 

William Kaine. Patrick Waters. 

Thomas Keegan. James White. 

Daniel Kinney. .lohn J. White. 

Stephen A. Lane. Peter White. 

(xeorge Leeming. George Whitehead. 

John Lynch. William H. Wyant. 

WMlliam Lynch. Samuel Wynn. 

COMPANY !•;. 

Captain. 

I.saac W. Mickle. 

First Lieutenant, 

Philip M. Armington. 



Ensign. 

Timothy C. Moore. 

First Sergeant. 

John M. Collins. 

Sergeants. 

Benjamin D. Coole)'. Henry Carels. 

Samuel B. Jobes. 

f'or/iorals. 
.lohn E. Droham. John Sing. 

Robert M. Wible. Edward J. Cassady. 

Fifer, 
Emanuel Joseff. 

Drummer. 
Philip Josefi; 

I'rivates, 

George B. Anderson. Joseph E. Jones, 

George W. Armstrong. Robert Kell. 

Hugh Beaty. Jacob F. Kihule. 

James Beaty. James McComb. 

Thomas H. Bishop. Abraham Morely. 

Charles P. Bowyer. John H. Morris. 

Joseph D. Brown. .lames Morrissey. 

Joseph T. Burdsall. .loseph D. Parker. 

Henry Carse. Samuel Peers. 

Richard Church. Thomas Pickering, 

.lohn Cole. Benjamin A. Pine. 

Patrick Cunningham. Isaac J. Pine. 

Lewis W. Drummond. John Pinkerton. 

Lemuel Edwards. John A. Quigley. 

William Fennimore. John R. Rich. 

Joseph W. Fernandez. Oliver H. Ritchson. 

Charles Fish. Albion V. Salisbury. 

Charles Fisher. Benjamin Sands. 

Howard Fisler. Jeremiah Saunders. 

Charles Fox. Charles C. Sharp. 

John W. Garwood. Joseph D. Smith. 

Christian A. Gross. Edward H. Stackhouse. 

Charles Hahn. Joseph Strock. 

William B. Haines. William H. Thompson. 

David D. Hamell. .lohn Thornton. 

John W. Hart. Mordecai Tyler. 

William Hclmiitb. William B. Warlord. 

.John Hill. Joseph M. Webb. 

Count De(i. Hogan. l>evi A. Westcott. 

George W. Jobes. Benjamin Wilson. 

John L. Johnson. Brazier Wiltsey. 

yVlexandcr Johnson. William Wiltscv. 



Captain, 
Edward Price Hunt. 

First Lieutenant. 
Richard H. Lee.' 



THE WAR FOR THE TTNTON. 



97 



Ensign. 

Theodore A. Zimmerman. 

First Hwgeaiit. 

Theodore W. Field. 

SergtanU. 

Charles J. Field. Chas. G. Zimmerman. 

.Toseph C. Lee. 

('orporah. 

Cha.s. F. Miller, Jr. Charles F. Dickenson. 

Chas. J. T. Saunders. (leo. A. 8. Drisback. 

Fijtr. 

Michael Hartzell. 

Brummer. 
•Toseph Rodgers. 
Pri-oales. 
.James V. Anderson. Joseph Immon. 

Joseph G. Betts. William T. Jaooby. 

William Bosworth. William L. Kaighn. 

.John P. Bronf'ord. Joseph Kelly. 

Henry Bruist. George W. King. 

William N. Biizby. Thomas M. K. Lee, Jr. 

Edmond Carels. William C. Lee. 

Thomas E. D. Carter. Steven.son Leslie. 
John M. Chillman. .Jacob S. Levan. 

Bartholomew Clarke. Edward Livermore. 
Isaac Clark. Thomas A. Locke. 

R. Graham Clark. John E. Loeb. 

Jacob W. Clements. William T. Long. 

John Clements. Edward Mackey. 

Charles Clendenning. James McClernon. 
Oliver K. Collins. Timothy L. Middleton. 

Robert T. Cox. William Morton. 

Burton Davis. .John Naphy. 

Ethelbert Davis. John T. Ogdeu. 

.John P. Ducas. Benjamin W. Perkins. 

Samuel H. Elders. Samuel M. Price. 

Joseph H. Ewiug. Henry Rauser. 

William H. Eyies. George M. Rodgers. 

Joseph B. Garwood. Albert Smith. 

Josiah B. Gibersoii. Henry Smith. 

Charles Gilliert. .John T. Smith. 

Harvey B. Goodwin. Charles C. Stezer. 
Joseph E. Gregory. .Austin E. Vanarsdale. 

Richard C. Haines. .lohn Wescoat. 

John M. Henderson. Henry Williams. 
Leander Houghtaling. Samuel Williams. 
Charles E. Hugg. Thomas P. Williams 

Jose|)h 8. Hugg. 

COMPANY <;. 

(Japtam. 

John R. Cunningham. 

First Lieutenant. 

Lewis IVr. Mnrri>. 



Ensign. 

Joseph L. De La Cour. 

First Sergeant. 

William w'. Mines. 

Sergeants. 

John K. Brown. George Holl. 

Henry Daniels, .Ir. 

(joriiorals. 
Henry F. Surault. William Pell, Jr. 

James M. Lane. Isaac Wood. 

Fifer. 
William Howard. 

Drummer. 
William Brassell. 
rrlimtes. 
A. George M. Ashley. Charles H. Jewell. 
George Baxter. Edward Johnson. 

.John Beideman. William H. Kaighn. 

George Bloomfield. Benjamin F. King. 

Albert M. Buck. Barton Lane. 

Charles P. Bundick. .John G. Lewallen. 
James Burkett. (Jhurles Lownsbury. 

Lewis Buzine. .James Massey. 

George Cairoli. John McKinley. 

Benjamin Cavanaugh. Edward H. Mead. 
William Cox. Edwin Mitchell. 

Alpheus Davis. Howard Moore. 

David Davis. Lorenzo F. Park. 

Samuel H. Davis. John Quick. 

Edward F. Dufty. John T. Redi'ern. 

Frank B. Fox. James B. Scott. 

Alexander T. Francisco. Edward Sewell. 
Charles B. Eraser. William Shurdon. 

Henry Gallagher. Lewis Smith. 

Samuel W. Gahan. George W. Sonder. 

Samuel Gilbert. John, Sourren. 

( 'harles E. Githen.s. James Staueley. 

William Gleason. Francis A. Street. 

William H. Griffin. William F. Tarr. 

.Fames Hartley. James Thompson. 

Charles Helmuth. Edward Van Stavoren. 

Samuel Hickman. Isaac Waar. 

John Hildebrandt. George L. White. 

Isaac N. Hoey. John Wilson. 

.Foseph Hofflinger. Richard Wilson. 

Abednego Howeth. Theodore F. WiLson. 

William Inman. RichnrdT. Wood. 

CO.MI'ANV u. 

Cplui,,. 
John P. V:mi Limt. 

Mv-.v/ Lu'Mlnia.id. 
George I'^. Wilson. 



98 



HISTORY OF f'AMT>EX OOT'NTY, XRW JERSEY. 



Ensign. 

John Willian. 

Fi.rat Sfrgeanl. 

James A. Duddy. 

Si'r(je<intK. 

Joseph K. GiddinjrH. Joseph B. Davis. 

Joseph P. Busha. 

( hrpnrah. 

Joseph Morton. .Vden W. Powell. 

Daniel W. Giddings. Thomas B. Jordan 

Fifer. 

Robert Berryman. 

Drummer. 

John P. Booth. 



Henry Astley. 
Eli Bailey. 
Jesse F. Bailey. 
Thomas Bates, Jr. 
John Berryman. 
Henry Blaek. 
James P. Britton. 
John Brown. 
William Burroughs. 
Thomas Calvert. 
Joseph Cheeseman. 
James M. Cramer. 
Eli Crammer. 
William Dennington 
John Dill. 
John Dimon. 
Edward Ellis. 
•Joseph S! Garretson. 
■foseph Garwood. 
John Groves. 
William Groves. 
Andrew Marker. 
Henry Harley. 
Alexander Harvey, 
.lohn Herron. 
Benjamin W.Hill. 
George II. Holmes. 
Michael Hoover. 
Edgar Hudson. 
Charles Hulings. 
Charles Jess. 
John C. King. 



Privatp^. 

Charles E. Lancaster. 
William Lanagan. 
Matthew Larney. 
John Loynd. 
Abram Martin. 
John E. Maxwell. 
Louis Matkensy. 
William M. Metz. 
William Moss. 
John O'Mara. 
Samuel Ogden. 
John Osborn. 
Franklin Pike. 
Nathan Rambo. 
Henry Rem enter. 
Edgar Roby. 
William Robust. 
Thomas D. Ross. 
John Smith. 
William D. Smith. 
Robert Spink. 
Thomas B. Thompson. 
James G. Tomlinson. 
James Totten. 
Augustus Van Fossen. 
Joel Whitehead. 
William Williamson. 
Josepli Wollard. 
Frederick Young. 
I'eter V. Brow n. 
Steward M. Hawkins. 
William J. Stone. 



First Buic.m)!-: Tiikkf. Yk.xrs' Titooi'.^ 
— President Ijincoln and his luivi.stM^ did 
not long entertain the notion, .so pn^valeiit 
up to, and even after the firing upon Sumter, 
tiiat the war would be ended and the Sduthern 



Confederaey .sulxlued before the summer was 
well advaneed. April had not indeed run 
out its course before the President was made, 
by the logic of events, to comprehend that a 
long and desperate civil conflict must be 
prepared for and that it would require a tre- 
mendous draft upon the men and money of 
the nation tosave it from total wreck. The 
day for temporizing and half-way military 
measures had flown by, aud on May 3, 18fil, 
the President called for thirty-nine regiments 
of infantry and one of cavalry to serve for 
three years or diiriug the war. Although the 
number of men thus summoned was so small 
in comparison with the hosts of later years, 
the length of the term of enlistment is evi- 
dence that the government at last appreciated 
the magnitude of its task. Governor Olden 
did not receive the requisition upon New 
Jersey, which was for three regiments of 
infantry, until the 17th. More than enough 
companies were organized and awaiting the 
mustering officer, and the (lovernor, in an- 
nouncing this fact to the War Department, 
added that '' If the oc-casion required their 
services, this State would willingly furnish 
twice as many regiments to serve during the 
war." 

From these companies were formed the 
First, Second and Third Kegiments of the 
three years' service. They were furnished 
with camp and garri.son ecpiipage by the 
State, but were armed by the United States. 
Company E, Captain Charles N. Pelouzc, of 
the First Regiment, Colonel William R. 
Montgomery, and Company B, Captain 
Heiuy C. (iil)st)n, of the Tiiird, ( 'olonci 
(Jeorge W. McLean, were Camden County 
volunteers. The three regiment.s left Trenton 
on June 28th, and reported to General Scott 
at Wa.shington on the following day. Tiieir 
movements up to and on the day of the Iwt- 
tie of Bull llun have been recorded in llic 
history of the three months' men. .Vftcr 
that engagement the First and Second went 
into camp near .Alexandria, and thither tiie 



TIIK WAU FOR TIIK TI.XION. 



Tliird was ()r<l<'r(Ml fVcmi Fairfax, where it 
had been posted duriiio- the battle. 

On July 24tli ({ovenior Olden was not i lied 
that the j>()veriiment would accept five aildi- 
tioiial regiments, " to be taken, as far as con- 
venient, from the three months' men and 
otficers just discharged ; and to be organized, 
e((uipped and sent forward as fast as single 
regiments are ready, on the same terms as 
were those already in service." The Fourth 
Regimcnit, Colonel James H. Simpson, with 
which William R. Hatch, of Camden, went 
<iut as major and was j)roinoted to colonel, 
was mustered un August 20th, and, with 
( 'aptain M'illiam Hexamer's battery, was 
t()rwarded t(i the fronton the 21st. It com- 
prised in part t()ur full companies rai.sed in 
Camden County as follows : A, Captain 
Charles Meves ; F, Captain Napoleon B. 
Aaron.son ; G, Captain Henry M. Jewett ; 
and H, Captain JoJin Reynolds. The regi- 
ment camped with the First, Second and 
Third near Ale.^andria, aud the four were 
early in August combined as the Fir.st New 
.Jersey Krigade and placed under the com- 
mand of that illustrious and dauutle.ss soldier, 
(General Philip Kearny, who had alreadv 
distinguished himself as a fighter in Mexico, 
Algeria and Italy, and against the Indians 
on the frontier, and who.se death at the battle 
of Cliantilly, August 30, 18G2, was to deprive 
the army of a commander in whom military 
skill and personal courage (V)mbined to form 
the ideal brigadier. In recalling the grand 
reputation which this brigade achieved under 
Kearny and other chiefs, it is a most propei- 
cause for local pride that Camden ( 'ounty 
contributed to its ranks six full companies 
that shared in its perils, its victories and its 
honors. They were among the men who 
had so endeared themselves to his lion heart, 
that when he was offered the command of 
Sumner's division he refused to acce]>t it 
because he would not be permitted to take 
his Jersey regiments with him. 

The Third Regiment received its baptism 



of lire in an ambuscade in which il tell at 
Cloud's Mills on August 29th, and on Sep- 
tember 29th, Kearny had tlu' whole brigade 
out for a reconnoi.s.sance of the enemy's lines at 
Mason's Hill. On October 14th a detach- 
ment of the First emi)tied several saddles of 
a Confederate cavalry force which it encoun- 
tered, and lost three oi' four killed. After 
spending the winter inactively the brigade, 
wliich was attached to General William H. 
Franklin's division, was, on March 7, 1X02, 
pushed towards Manassas, the First Regi- 
ment, which had been the last to leave C(;n- 
treville on the retreat of Julv 21, lS(j|, 
having the honor of being the first to occupy 
the place on the second advant-e. 

On the 10th the brigade colors were 
unfurled over the abandoned Confederate 
works at Manassas, eight liompanies of the 
Third leading the advance. On iVIeClellan's 
preparations to transfer the army to the 
\^irginia Peninsula the Jer.sey regiments, 
which had been placed in the P^irst Division 
of the First Army Corps, moved to Catlett's 
Station, where they remained from April 7th 
to the 1 1th, w'hen they retraced their steps 
to Alexandria and embarked for York Point, 
York River, on the 17th. May 5th they 
advanced to ^\'est Point under command of 
Colonel Taylor, Kearny having been pro- 
moted to the command of the division, aud 
on the night of that day the First Regiment 
captured at a charge and held a position 
which two New York regiments had ])rove(l 
unabh' to maintain. Its gallantry was testi- 
fied to by a correspondent of the Neir York 
Timcn, who wrote that " The line was as firm 
as a division in a columu at review. Colonel 
McAllister, when the enemy broke, bravely 
pursued them some distance. This firm and 
determined movement decided the ri'snlt, 
and the rebels made good their n^treat." 

These minor plays on the great chess-l)oard 
of the campaign had fitted Taylor aud liis 
men for the first of the important battles in 
which thev were destined to enter. On June 



100 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NE^Y .lERSEY. 



27th they left camp on the south side of tlie 
Chickaliominy liiver, and crossing that dark 
and sluggisii stream at Woodbury's bridge, 
plunged into the thick of the fight at Gaines' 
Mills, where Fitz-Johu Porter's aud Mc- 
Call's lines were giving way under the 
impact of the enemy's pressure. (Swinging 
full into the face of the Confederate musketry 
and artillery fire, the brigade fought the 
rebels at a distance of four hundred yards 
and was badly hurt, until Taylor ordered a 
charge that drove them out of the woods iuto 
an open field, where he met their reserves 
au(] was compelled to fall back. The Fourth 
Regiment, four companies of which were 
Camden men, was sent into the woods by 
order of one of McClellan's aids, and there 
sustained the brunt of a fight at close quarters. 
Five hundred of its number were taken 
prisoners. Colonel Simpson was one of the 
unfortunates, and in letters dated from prison 
in Richmond he thus described the action 
and sequel, — 

"The regiment was posted in the wood to sustain 
the centre in the battle near Gaines' Mill, and 
nobly did it hold its ground until about an hour 
after the right and left wings of the army had 
fallen back. Mine and the Eleventh Connecticut 
were the last to leave the front, and only did so 
when we foiuid that the rest of the army had 
given way and we were literally surrounded by 
the infantry and batteries of the Confederate 
forces. Being in the woods, and trusting to our su- 
perior officers to inform us when to retreat, and 
not being able to see, on account of the woods, 
what was going on towards our right and left, 
we continued fighting an hour, probably, after 
every other regiment had left the ground. The 
consequence was inevitable. We were surrounded 
by ten times our number, and though we could 
have fought until every man of us was slain, yet 
humanity, and, as I think, wisdom, dictated that 
we should at last yield." 

In a snb.sequent letter to his wile. Colonel 
Simpson stated that fifty-three enli.sted men 
were killed and one hundred and twentv-oiie 
wounded, out of the si.x hundred whom lie 
took into action. Captain Meves, of Com- 
pany A, was killed, and Lieutenant Charles 



Meyer, of the .same company, wounded. The 
brigade had gone into the fight with twenty- 
eight hundred in its ranks, and but nine 
hundred and sixty-five answered to their 
names when the roll was called in camp at 
midnight. The First Regiment lost twenty- 
one killed, including Major David Hatfield; 
seventy-eight wounded and sixty missing' 
The Third had thirty-four killed, one hun- 
dred and thirty-six wounded and thirty-five 
missing. Lieutenant-Colonel McAllister, in 
his report of the participation of the former 
command in the battle, spoke of Captain 
Pelouze, of the Camden company, as one of 
whom " too much cannot be .said in prai.se." 

During the night after the battle the shat- 
tered brigade recrossed to the right bank of 
the Chickahominy, and at midnight of the 
■J8th took up the line of retreat b}' way of 
Savage Station and White Oak Swamp to 
James River. A sharp fight occui'red at 
White Oak Creek, where the Jerseymen oc- 
cupied a position of peril between the oppos- 
ing lines, and were lucky to escape damage 
by hugging the ground as the shells fiew over 
them. They passed Malvern Hill on July 1st 
without being called into the battle then rag- 
ing, and reached Harrison's Landing, on the 
James River, on the morning of the 2d. 

On August 24th the brigade landed at Al- 
exandria, McClellau having abandoned the 
Peninsula and transferred his array by water 
to the Potomac. Three days afterward it was 
pushed forward to Bull Run Bridge and the 
old battle-field. The First Regiment had 
three hundred men fit for duty ; the Second, 
two hundred and fifty; the Third, throe iiun- 
dred aud seventy-five ; and the Fourth, sev- 
enty-five. On this day, the 27th, the open- 
ing of Pope's battle of Bull Run, it fought 
for several hours a nuich superior force of 
Stonewall Jackson's corps, losing nine killed 
and three hundred and ten wounded, missing 
and pr'isoners. Colonel Taylor was severely 
wounded, and died on September 1st. Com- 
pelled to relinquish the field, the brigade re- 



THK WAK FOi; TIIK IXION. 



101 



tired to Cloiid's Mills, hut in a week was on 
the mareh again witli McCMellan's pursuit of 
Lee into^Iaiyland, Colonel A. T. A. Torhert 
iiaving succeeded Taylor in command. < )n 
September 14tli it won the battle of C'ranip- 
tou's Gap by a splendid charge up the side 
of a steep acclivity, capturing enough Spring- 
field rifles to arm the Fourth Regiment, 
which had been equipped with smooth bores. 
This regiment, which had lost its colors at 
(Jaines" Mill, captured two stands of rebel 
colors at ("rampton's Gap. At the battle of 
Antietam, on the 11th, it relieved Sumner's 
corps at midnight and was not actually en- 
gaged, although it was for six hours exposed 
to a hot artillery fire. At Fredericksburg, 
December 13th and 14th, it saw hard fight- 
ing on the left of the line, and Colonel Wil- 
liam B. Hatch was fatally wounded in lead- 
ing the Fourth Regiment to an assault. Pre- 
vious to this the Fifteenth and Twenty- 
fourth Regiments had been added to the 
brigade and it had been placed in the Sixth 
Corps. At Chancellorsville, cm May •"., l.Sli.'!, 
it was for two hours and a half engaged with 
Longstreet's veterans near Salem Church, 
and the casualties footed up five hundred and 
eleven men killed, wounded and missing. 

In the battle of Gettysburg it embraced 
the First, Second, Third and Fifteenth Regi- 
ments and Hexamer's battery, the Fourth 
Regiment lieing on provost duty at Wash- 
ington. It was on the picket line during the 
decisive fighting of July od, and on the .")th 
joined in the pursuit of Lee. 

While (irant was marshaliug the army 
for the grand advance, the Tenth New Jersev 
Regiment was assigned to the brigade. C'om- 
pany A, Captain Isaac W. Mickle ; Company 
E, Captain George W. Scott; Company II, 
Captain John R. C/unuingham, and Company 
I, Captain John Coates, were recruited in 
( 'amden. The brigade had three days of 
tightiug in the Wilderness during the first 
week of May, 1804, and ou the 10th took 
part in the celebrated charge on the Confed- 



erate works near S[)oftsylvania, in which a 
thousand prisoners and several guns were 
ca]iturcd. On the 12th it was in the furious 
assault of that day and the subsecjuent struggle 
over the rebel entrenchments, " the intense 
fury, lieroism and horror of which," Edward 
A. Pollard wrote, " it is imjwssible to de- 
scribe." This was the awful and stubborn 
contest in " the bloody angle," and no com- 
mand suffered a heavier loss than did the 
live Jersey regiments. They were driven 
from and retook the Gait House on the 14th, 
and until the 18th were participants in 
skirmishes along the North Anna and Tolo- 
potomy Rivers. At Cold Harbor, June 1st 
to 3d, they were constantly under fire. The 
terms of service of the First and Third 
Regiments had expired on May 2.^d, l)nt 
tliey remained at the front to take part in the 
battle of Cold Harljor. They reached Tren- 
ton on June 7th, and were mustered out ou 
June 23d. Of the two thousand and sixty- 
eight officers and enlisted men who had left 
the State capital on June 28, 1861, only three 
hundred and forty returned for muster out, 
of whom one hundred aud thirty-nine be- 
liinged to the First and two hundred and one 
to the Third Regiment. The Fourth, with 
the exception of the men who had re-enlisted, 
returned from the front August 19, 1864, 
and was mustered out on the next day ; it 
came back with four hundred and twenty- 
four privates and officers, while it had taken 
one thousand and thirty-four to the field three 
years before. The re-enlisted men of the 
First and Third, which ceased to exist as or- 
ganizations, were at first transferred to the 
Fourth and Fifteenth, but were subsequently 
consolidated into the First, Second and 
Third Battalions, and, with the Fourth, 
Tenth and Fifteenth Regiments from that 
time until February, I860, constituted the 
First Brigade. The Fourth tiuis kept u|) its 
organization through its re-enlisted men, and 
thus has an unbroken history until the termi- 
nation of the war. 



102 



HTSTOI'.Y OF ('AMI»KN COUNTV. NKW .IRRSKY. 



In July, 1X04, the brigade wa.s sent witli 
tlie Sixth Corps to check Pearly in the Shen- 
andoaii Valley, and on August 17th delayed 
his advance for six lioursat Winchester. On 
September 1 !ttli it was in the direct assault 
upon tiie rel)el front at (^pequaii, and was 
gallantly instrumental in sending the enemy 
" whirling up the valley." On the 22d, at 
Fisher's Hill, it repeated its achievement, 
and at the battle of Cedar Creek, on Octol)er 
19th, it formed on the left of the line and 
fought steadily to maintain its ground, but 
was finally overwhelmed and forced to retire. 
When Sheridan, however, arrived upon tlie 
scene and turned defeat into victory it re- 
formed and did its duty in the charge that 
repulsed Early and ended the war in the 
valley. On December 1st it rejoined the Army 
of the Potomac; April 2, 1865, it helped 
to take the Confederate entrenchments on the 
Boydton Plank-Road, in front of Peters! )urg, 
and it was close to Appomattox when Lee's 
surrender was made. Thence it was ordered 
to Danville, Va., and not until May 24th 
did it march through Richmond on its way 
northward. On June 2d it fncami)ed five 
miles from Washington, where the regiments 
were mustered out. At Trenton they were 
dissolved, and this scarred and storied com- 
mand ceased to exist. 

The following i.s the roster of the original 
companies raised in Camden County tiial 
were assigned to the l)rigade: 

CDMI'ANV K, FIKST KKlJIMKXI' NKW .IKHSKV VOL- 
UNTEERS. 
rriiis oomiKiDj wua iimstcred in May 23, ISOl, unil ii»islfi-i-U uiil 
Willi regiment, unless otherwise staterl.] 

C'liiii-les JS. Pelouze, res. Nov. 8, '02. 

Kiiiiuis B. Holt, Nov. ti, '61, res. Nov. 27, 'H2. 

First Lieuterwnts. 
James J5. Shields. 

A. Stewart Taylor, Nov. tl, '01, res. iNov. ;27, '02. 
11. M. GilliiiHii, Nov. 27, '62, vice Taylor, res. 

Second Lieutenants. 
.N.W.Siiiill), Dec. 10, '02, pro. 1st lieut. Co. A, Feb. 

Joseph Fergusou, Feb. la, '63, par. pris- 



I'trxt Sergrantf. 
E. K. RaiiLsey, pro. 2d lieut. Co. (!, Feb. 13, '(i3. 
W. E. Vanderslice, Mar. 1, '63, dis. June 29, 05. 
Edward A. Herman, dis. Oct. 21, '62. 

Ser(jnants. 
Peter A. Grum, Dec. 8, '62. 
Samuel W. Lesenby. 
William H. Good. " 
William H. Gilbert, dis. Sept. 12, '62. 
Benjamin H. Roby, dis. May 15, '65. 

Corjiortds. 
August Mulhan, dis. June 29, '65. 
John W. Fisher. 
Oscar Greslius, May 21, '61. 
Conrad Mace, dis. June 23, '65. 
John C. Zanders, died July 0, '02, of wounds. 
Jacob Ristine, killed June 27, '62. 
Wm. McCombe, killed Aug. 17, '64. 
Frederick C. Schwarze, killed June 27, '62. 
Henry Bechtel, killed May 3, '63. 
Henry K. Patton, died June 5, '64, of wounds. 
Daniel Logan, killed April 2, '(55. 
Edward Stehr, dis. Nov. 6, '62. 
Augustus B. Conrad, musician, dis. June 29, '65. 
John W. Wilson, musician. 
James H. Pimlotte, wagoner. 

F'rii-ate.i. 
George Adams, killed May 5, '64. 
Charles Alfred. 
David Anderson. 
William R. Anderson. 
Charles T. Anthony. 
Joseph Ailt, dis. Oct. 7, '62. 
Stewait H. Allshouse. dis. to joiu regular army. 
John Brown, killed Sept. 14, '62. 
Fk. M. Brown, Sept. 4, '62, must, out June 22, 65. 
■Jacob Krunsholly, dis. Jan. 27, "63. 
John Bruden, dis. Feb. 6, '63. 
Benjamin Budil, killed June 27, '02. 
James H. Carney. 

Fred. Cappell, must, out Oct. 17, '65. 
Joseph Cortledge, Nov. 26, '63; dis July 22, '65. 
Samuel Cline, dis. Nov. 4, '02. 
Albert Clingmau, killed June 27, '62. 
Joseph Coners,Sept. 15, '62. 
William Cook, killed August 27, '62. 
Thomas Dalton, dis. Nov. 1, '62. 
Christopher Dice, dis. June 23, '64. 
Joseph E. Dilks, killed Sep. 14. '62. 
Jacob Dillshaver, Sep. 19, '62, dis. Jan. in. '03. 
Daniel Driggils, killed May 0, 'M. 
Joseph 11. Dutton, dis. Dec. 9, '03, 
John Fitzgerald, dis. Oct. 3, '62. 
Joseph W. Foster. 



THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 



lOS 



James Gilespy, killed .Fune 27. '«"J. 

Wm. Gratz, ciis. Oct. 12, 't;i. 

Joseph Groskinsky, died of wounds. 

Wm. L. Hartman. 

Chas. Hexamer, Sept. 30, "fil, must, out Oct. 4,"64. 

John Hill, May 23, 'Ol, dis. April 3, '65. 

Jacob Hill, dis. Mav 23. '64. 

Martin Hoefle. 

James Hook. 

Ralph Hopwood 

Daniel N. Hyder, dis. Dec. 23, '63. 

Conrad Hoover, Jan. 2r>, '64. 

George W. Hoquet, dis. Oct. 28, '62, wounds. 

Wm. Irion, must, out .\n)r. 10, '6.i. 

Thomas Jacobs. 

Andrew .T. Jorden. 

Andrew J. Joline. trans, to Co. E, 4th Reg. 

.Tohn H. Kelly, must, out June 29, '65. 

Chas. Leonhardt. Feb. 25, '64, dis. March 24, '64. 

Chas. Long. must, out June 20, '65. 

Edward Lunny, dis. March 23, '62. 

Alfred A. Maulin, died Feb. 23, '63. 

John Mertz, Jan. 26, '64. 

Seth S. Mead. 

John McDonald, dis Sept. 12, '01. 

Edward McDowell, dis. July 26, '62. 

Charles McLaughlin, dis. Jan. 16, '63, of wounds. 

.Alexander McGaukey, killed June 27, '62. 

P. McLaughlin, Aug, 27,'62, tr. to V.R.C. Sept.l ,'63, 

Edwin Miles, died Nov. 26, '62. 

Samuel Miller. 

Charles Munzing, Feb. S, 'H2, died Dec, 20, '03, 

(.'harles Murray, 

William Neville, 

Patrick Nolao, killed June 27, '62. 
Charles P. Norton, died of wounds. 

Alexander Oldham, killed June 27, '62. 

Michael O'Regan, died May 16, '62. 

Gutthelf Osterday, must, out Aug. 2, '65. 

Simon Peter, must, out Aug. 2, '65. 

W. Pos.ser, Aug. 28,'62, tr. to U. S. N. Apr. |.s,'04. 

.Facob H. Plume, dis. May 12, '63. 

John H. Redtield, dis. July 0, '05, of woiiiids, 

Edward C. Reed, dis. Feb. 2t;, '03, of wounds, 

Thomas Russell. 

Adam Schiela, must, out June 2!), '05. 

August Schwarze, killed June 27, '02. 

.lohn Skyrni. 

George Sproud. 

.lohn C, Stow, dis. May 23, 'i;4. 

(Charles Sparks, killed May 0, '04. 

William H. Swope. 

Peter Sweeny, dis. Aug. 16, '03. 

Jacob Tehr, dis. July 25, '05. 

Nathaniel M. Wolf, dis. Oct. 3, '02. 



Christopher Weedmiui, must, onl .Inne 2'.\ '05. 

.lacob S. Wheeler, 

William H, Wheaten. 

Emerick Whitman, 

(jharles Yeager, killed June 27, '02, 

George W, Young, dis. Fob, 24, '63. 

Nicholas Yeager. 

rOMPANY B, THIRD liEl.lMF.NT NF.W .IKKSKY VOI,- 

rNTEEKS (tHKKF. YE.-MfS). 

IThi^.-.inipany »as must.Toil iu Mn.v '.i, IM.l, uii.l iuii«tvi".l ..nl 

,I.itic 2.i, lKi;t,milPw..th.Twiw st,it.-.l|, 

Henry C, Gibson, res, .\ug, 21, 1X02, 

Richard D, Cook, Sept, 20, '02 ; res, Feb. 10, '63. 

.lohn Frantz, Feb. 17, 1803. 

Firaf fAiiilnuuil^. 
David Vickers, Jr., pro. tocapt.Co. \ May 31, 01. 
Franklin L. Knight, May 20i, '01 ; pro. lieut.-col. 

24th N. J. Regt. Sept. 12, 1802. 
Wm. N. Evans, Dec. 1.'^,'01: died of wds, July 14,'02. 
David Fairly, July 1 , '02 ; pro, to adjt, July 14, '02, 
Griffith W, Carr, Sept, 13. 1802; pro, to cajit, ( V., 

K, 28d Regt., April 18, 1863. 
Abraham M. Salmon, Oct. 15, 1863. 

Second Lieutenants. 
Baldwin Hufty, Jan. 6, 1862; pro. 1st lieut. Co. E 

Aug, 13, 1862, 
Oscar Westlake, Aug, 13, '62 ; pro, 1st lieut, Co, 1) 

Dec. 10, '02. 
James Dalzell, Dec. 10. '02, pro. from sergt. Co. D. 

Fii-K/ Senjeanlx. 
Howard S. Vandegrift, killed May 3, '63. 
Mathias Lambson, pro. 2d lieut. Co. E July 16, '62. 
John S, Clark. 

Sf.riie.antx. 
Hamilton Johnson. 

Geo. T. Westcott, pro. 2d lient. Co. COct. 16, '62. 
Nathan C. Jones. 

Fred. Mervine, killed in action May 8, 1.S04. 
Rich. A. Curtis, pro. 2d lieut. Co. C .luly 3, 1802. 
William Page, disch. Oct. 27, 1802. 
William H. Suiith. 
Wm. B.Philips, disch. Nov. 5, 1802. 
( 'has. A. McClung, pro. sergt.-maj. Sept. 5, 1862. 
Samuel B. Pine, traus. to V. R. C- 

(\,ri,<irals. 
Fred. W. Sowby. 
William J. Mills. 
Thomas W. Clark. 

Edwin Phillips, disch. Sept. 18, 1862. 
John M. Lewis, disch. Oct. 17, 1802. 
Arthur H. Merry, killed iu action June 27, I Wi2. 
Wni. Ross, died of wds. May 14, 1803. 
John K. Frankish, killed in action May '.I, 1804. 



104 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Wm. B. Smith, killed in action May 12, 1864. 
Wm. Marsh, musician, disch. Jlay 17, \><(i^. 
.Tona. Demaris, musician, disch. March SO. \siv>. 
Wm. A. Shinn, wagoner. 
James Ro.ss, wagoner. 

Prii'atfs. 
Adam Adams, killed in action June 27, 1S62. 
John Blair, trans, to V. R. C. 
Armand Bressillon. 
Charles Bressillon, disch. Oct. 4, 1862. 
Samuel Broadhurst, disch. June 29, 1865. 
Geo. S. Bromley. 
Newton M. Brooks. 

Edward Browning, died of wounds May 12, '64. 
Patrick Burns, disch. June 6, '65. 
John L. Campbell, Nov. 21, '62; dis. July 13, Tv'i. 
Theodore Casper, disch. Nov. 11, '61. 
Mordecai Clossen, disch. Jan. 31, '63. 
John W. Coates. 
John Conway. 

Francis W. Coull, disch. (disability) Dec. 3, '62. 
Allen Coull, killed in action June 27, '62. 
Titus Crawshaw, disch. Nov. 19, '62. 
Henry De Ford, disch. Dec. 20, '62. 
Edward Y. Diament, disch. Dec. 8, 1862. 
James Dillon, disch- June 29, 1865. 
Henry Edwards, must, in Dec. 17, 1862. 
Jehu Evaus, Jr., pro. 1st lieut. Co. A, 4th Regt. 
Charles F. Fackler, disch. May 20, 1862. 
Thomas D. Farris, disch. March 19, '63. 
August Fisher, must, out June 29, 1865. 
Peter J. Fox, killed in action May 12, 1864. 
Wm. Gibson, disch. Aug. 16, '65. 
H. H. Goldsmith, pro. to 2d lieut. Co. A, 23d Regt. 
Thompson Gordon. 
Henry Gorman. 

John Hamberger, Jan. 7, '62 ; disch. Jan. 21, '65. 
Mahlon Harden, 
.fohn T. Harrison. 
John Harkinson. 

Wm. T. Harvey, disch. March 29, '62. 
James Henry. 
Brockington IloUis. 

James Hollingsworth, died of wds. Oct. 30, '62. 
Lewis C. Hong, killed in action .(une 1, '64. 
Joseph C. Johnston, disch. Nov, 8, '62. 
.Toseph King, disch. tJct. 6. '62. 
(ieorge W. Loughlin, disch. May 13, '63. 
John G. LewalliM,Sept. 11, '61 ; disch. Feb. 11. '63. 
Ehvood l>()ck, died of wds. June 28, '()2. 
Martin Lokcman, Oct. 10, '62; disch. July 10, '6.'). 
Nathaniel P. Long, must, in Oct. 18, '62. 
Albert Lukens, disch. June 16, '64. 
J. Harrison Lupton, disch. Sept. 16, '62. 
Alfred Marshland, disch. April 11, '63. 



Samuel Martin, disch. April 19, '63. 

.lohn D. McCoy, Jan. 10, '62; died July 21, '62. 

.lohn McLees, died of wds. June 30, '62. 

Martin McNully, killed in action May 3, '63. 

John D. McWey, disch. Sept. 3, "65. 

Theodore W. Merrihew. 

Archibald Neimo. 

John M. Phillips. 

Thomas L. Phillips, disch. Sept. 24, '62. 

George G. Ricker, Jan. 6, '62 ; disch. June 28, '65. 

Charles Robinson, disch. .June 29, '65. 

Franklin Robinson, died Nov. 24, '63. 

Nathaniel P. Senz, must, in Oct. 18, '62. 

Philip Shank. 

Peter Sherris, Sept. 16, '61 ; disch. Aug. 13, '62. 

Benj. F. Shinn, trans, to Co. G. 

Geo. Shade, must, in Dec. 5, '62. 

Grisby H. Snow. 

John W. Slocum, disch. Feb. 23, '63. 

Charles H. Smith, disch. July 28, '62. 

Cooper Smith, disch. Dec. 2, '62. 

John Spence. 

Thomas C. Surran. 

Albert Talmadge. 

.Tos. R. Taylor, Jan. 10, '62; disch. June 29. '65. 

J. Fred. Taylor, disch. April 10, '62. 

Stephen Tomkinson, killed in action Dec. 4, '61. 

Armand Trimble, disch. May 20, '62. 

Edward Trussell, disch. Feb. 1 1, '63. 

Alex. J. Walker, died of wds. May 12, '63. 

Erasmus R. Webb, disch. July 7, '64. 

S. Williams, Sept. 12, '61; trans, to Co. B, 15th Rgl. 

Wallace Williams, trans to U. S. Navy. 

Jacob Wise, must, out June 23, '64. 

Thomas Westtiill, disch. Sept. 13, '61. 

Robt. F. Wood, disch. Sept. 15, '62. 

Charles H. Wright, must, in Jan. 21, '62. 

Wm. T. G. Young, disch. May 31, '64. 

COMPANY A, KOHRTH REOIMENT NEW .lERSEY 
VOLUNTEEES. 

[Thiti .■..iiipiiny was iiiUBtPieil in August, 0. 18G1, and nniBt.Tcd out 
«'itli n-jiinii-nt unless otherwise statpd.] 

Cltpi'lillH. 

Charles Meves, killed in action June 27, '62. 
Charles Meyer, Aug. 30, '62, vice Meves, killed. 
Josiah Shaw, Aug. 9, '63. 

Klias Wright, Dec. 13, '62 ; pro. to niaj. 1'. S. ( '. 
.Tcibn \L Crammer. Nov. 2f>, 'ii4. 

FIrM JJeHtciianfs. 
J. Kvans, Jr.,Aug. 30, '62; pro. toadjt. Nov. 26. ■<;2. 
Cha.s. H. Hatch, Nov. 26, '62 ; res. ^iar. 29, '64. 
Frank Iv Mailey. April 24, 'M. 
Lcaiidcr Brevier, Feb. 2, '65; pr... lu adj. .1 iiiir 4. 'iy> 
Peter lianning, .hinc 4, 'iW). 



THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 



105 



Sfconil Lirutennnfs. 
Charles Lisenbarth, res. Sept. 13, '61. 
Fritz W. Schroeder, Sept. 21, '61 ;clis. Oct. 11, '62. 
Eclwd. M. Anderson, Nov. -i, '62 ; pro. 1st It. Co. K, 

Nov. 12, '63. 
Griffin P. Lillis, Jan. 31, 6.5 ; pro. 1st lieut. Co. H. 

.Tune 4, '65. 

First Sf'ri/ean/. 
Samuel R. Keeler, Aug. 17, '61. 
Srrr/t'anfa. 
.Joseph Brady. 
George Wilson, Dec. 8, '64. 
Erail Jaerin, Jan. 3, '65. 
Frederick Wool, disch. Mar. 1 2, '63. 
Theodore Krugg, disch. Aug. 8, '62, of wounds. 
Chas. Helmouth, disch. May 3, '64, of wounds. 
John Greipp. 
.John Mergenthaler. 
Theodore Schreiber, trans, to V. R. C. 

Corporals. 
.Joseph Lippe, disch. Feb. 16, '62. 
Louis Deike, Aug. 22, '61 ; disch. April 24, '63. 
Edward Dike, disch. Sept. 16, '61. 
Gottfried Whitman. 
Thomas Desmond, Aug. 13, '61. 
.John O'Neil, Jan. 11, '65 ; killed in ac. Ap. 2, "65. 
John Miller, disch. May 31, '64, of wounds. 
Joseph Schlatter, killed in action May 6, '64. 
Jean G. Veltier, disch. Aiig. 14, '62- 
George Schuh, disch. Fel). 16, '63. 
Adam Rickerts. 
.John Lynch, Dec. 15, '64. 
.John H. Reardon, Jan. 12, '65. 
Jos. Harding, Feb. 16, '64 ; disch. July S, '65. 
Jos. Hodgeson, Sept. 29, '64; disch. May 17, '65. 
Saml. Hill, musician, Aug. 12, '63. 
Robt. Clow, mus., Sept. 15, '62 ; disch. May 17, 65. 
Charles I>yons, wagoner, .\ug. 13, '61. 

Prirales. 
Christian Adelar, died July 8, '62, in Andsonville. 
Andw. Anderson, Mar. 3, '65 ; disch. July 9, '65. 
John Adshead, disch. July 7, '65. 
David Batthalia, Dec. 30, '64; disch. July !», '65. 
Frederick Bauer, disch. .July 18, '65. 
Otto Bender, Aug. 22, '61 ; killed in ac. .June 27, '62. 
Lewis Binder, disch. Oct. .30, '62 
John Britton, Jan. 11, '65. 
George Brombacher, disch. Feb. 18, '63. 
John Brown (1), Dec. 30, '64 ; disch. July 9, '65. 
John Brown (2), Jan. 18, '65 ; disch. July '.\ '65. 
.James Brown, Jan. 16, '65. 
Wm. Brown, Dec. 7, '64; died Feb. i), '65. 
Christian Burger, disch. June 6, '()2. 
John Burghart, killed in action June 27, '62. 
14 



John'Barr, Jan. 12, '65. 

Michael Cavanagh, .Jan. 5, '65. 

Jame.^ Chester, Jan. 5, '65. 

George Clark, Mar. 30, '65. 

John Clark, Jan. 17, '65 ; disch. \\>n\ 28, '65. 

Albert Clement, disch. Dec. 25, '62. 

Robt. Corson, Jan. 5, '64 ; disch. .July [\ '6">. 

Alfred Conklin, Sept. 2, '62 ; disch. .-Vug. 25, '(i4. 

Geo. Cowpe, Sept. 30, '64; disch. May 17, '6.">. 

Peter Cox, died Jan. 1, '65. 

.John Deihl, Jan^ 25, '64; killed in ac June 3, 'ii4. 

Christian DiehT. 

John Dickinson, Jan. 12, '65 

John Diehl, disch Mar. 3, '62. 

Henry Dietrich, March 25, '65; disch. .July S', '65. 

Martin Effinger, died .\pril 12, '62. 

John EIrah, Aug. 27. '62 ; died Jan. 3, '65. 

Andw. Faudre. April 8, '65; disch. .luly Ki, '(;.">. 

Francis Fecht, disch. March 3], '62. 

Frederick Killian. 

Charles Fessman. 

Heinrich Finger, disch. Aug. 19, '64. 

Frederick Fisher, Dec. 28, '64 ; disch. July 9, '65. 

Jacob Fleck, disch. Dec. 24, '62. 

Christian Floel. March .30, '65 ; disch. May 3, '65. 

Jacob Fox, August 22, '61 ; disch. Jan. 20, '63. 

.Jacob Gallatin, disch. Jan. 4, '62. 

Henry Gollman, April 7, '63; disch. April 14, '63. 

.John Gundling, disch. Dec. 3, '62. 

Fjudwig Gundling, died Nov. 15, '63. 

.Jolm Haines, Jan. 4, '65. 

Gilmore Hall, Jan. 4, '65; disch. July 9, '65. 

Charles Hambrecht, died Nov. 8, '62, of wounds. 

John Hart, Jan. 10, '65. 

George Hays, Jan. 11, '65; disch. July 9, 'i\i). 

Ernest Hassenbein, Dec. 12, '64. 

Valentine Henricus, killed in action May 12, '64. 

George Hetchner, killed in action May 6, '64. 

Emanuel Herbert. 

Charles Heitman, disch. March 3, '62. 

James Hines, Dec. 29, '64; disch. July 9, '65. 

Jacob Hirsch. 

Geo. Holzmann, Aug. 22, '61 ; disch. Dec. 19, '62. 

Andw. J. Hopkins, July 8, '64 ; disch. July 9, '65. 

Jacob Hucke. 

Patk. Hurley, Sept. 28, '64; disch. May 17, 'tM. 

Thomas Jackson, Dec. 19, '62. 

John Jack, Oct. 7, '64; trans, to Company 1). 

Charles Jacobson, Dec. 9, '64; disch. July 9, '65. 

John Kane, Jan. 12, '65; disch. July 9, '65. 

Philip Keifer, Aug. 22, '61 ; disch. Aug. 20, '64. 

James Kelly, Jan. 10, '65; trans, to Company I. 

Christopher Kiefer, disch. Aug. 15, '61. 

John F. Killmer, Dec. 20, '64; disch. July 9, '65. 

Herman Kisshauer, Jan. 7, '65; disch. June, '65. 



106 



HISTORY OF CAMBEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Edward Krause, disch. June Iti, 'Bo. 

Christian Krause, di.sch. March 21, '63. 

Rudolph Klctfer, disch. Aug. 15, '62. 

Wendle Kunlz, disch. Sept. 26, '62. 

John Lawson, Jan. 6, '65 ; disch. July 9, '66. 

John Lenk. 

Francis Leonard, January 16, '6.5. 

John Louis, killed in action June 27, '62. 

Charles Lutz, disch. Sept. 26, '62. 

John McCarty, Jan. 10, '65; disch. July 9, '65. 

Lawrence McDonald, Jan. 11, '65-. ■ 

Thos. McMahon, Auit. 29, '61 ; disch. .Ian. 30, '6.3. 

George Met/.. 

Ceorge Millar, disch. May 14, '63. 

Fred'k Mondinger, March 25, '65; di.sch. July 9, '65. 

Wm. W. Morse, March 24, '65; disch. July 9, '65. 

Gustavus Moses, March 25, '65. 

Michael Murphy, Jan. 13, '65; disch. July 9, '65. 

Leopold Myers, Dec. 9, '64; trans, to Battery A. 

Leonard Nargaug. 

John Nelson, Dec. 7, '64. 

Wm. F. Neshit, Jan. 11, '65 ; trans, to West'n A'y- 

John G. Nutt, Jan. 4, '65 ; disch. June 12, '65. 

Wm. J. Tarkhill, Aug. 10, '64 ; disch. June 22, '65. 

Charles Randolph, March 24, '65. 

Allen Rathtbrd, Jan. 6, '65. 

Henry Reinhardt, disch. Sejit. 13, '62. 

Ludwig Reinhardt, disch. Sept. 13, '62. 

Michael Rielly, Aug. 17, '(!4, disch. June 22, '65. 

Charles Riley, Aug. 17, '64; trans. toV. R. C. 

.Facob Rhode, killed in action June 27, '62. 

Albert Ross, Jan. 12, '65 ; disch. July 9, '65. 

John Ryan, Feb. 13, '64 ; disch. July 9, '65. 

.lames Rice, Jan. 5, '65. 

William Riley, Jan. 10, '65. 

.lames Rogers, Dec. 7, '64. 

Conrad Rosch, disch. April 23, '63. 

George Roth, disch. .Fan. 3, '63. 

Johaii Roth, disch. Jan. 3, '63. 

.lohn Schack. 

George Schick. 

Joseph Scherm. 

John Schmidt. 

David W. Schneider, .Ian. 22, '62. 

George Schneider, Jan. 10, '65. 

.Joseph Schneider. 

.John P. Schuster, Jan. 22, '64. 

Frederick Schneider, Dec. 13, '64, dis. .Inly 9, '65. 

Joseph Schaler, Mar. 30, '64. 

Sebastian Schauh, dis. Mar. 21, 'i)3. 

William Schneider, dis. Mar. 10, '62. 

Michael Srhiiepp, dis. April 30, '62. 

Conrad Seibolt, dis. Nov. 3, '62. 

Joseph Shaw, Oct. 3, '64, dis. July 9, '(>5. 

Henry Sherbrook, Jan. 6, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 



Solomon Smallwood, Jan. 6, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 

James Smith, Aug. 11, '63, dis. May 3, '65. 

John Smith, .Ian. 16, '65. 

Sebastian Smith, Jan. 2, '64. 

William Smith, .Ian. 13, '65. 

William Souville, Jan. 16, '65. 

William B. Smith, Jan. 10, '65, trans, to Co. G. 

Henry Strick, dis. Jan. 14, '62. 

William Sweuson, Jan. 5, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 

William Spitz, dis. April 29. '62. 

.Tohn.son Stockton, dis. Aug. 15, '61. 

George Treide, dis. Dec. 25, '62. 

William Tyler, Jan. 11, '65. 

Christopher Ulrich, died Oct. 29, '62. 

Jacob Vanvaler, Aug. 5, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 

Charles Wagner, Jan. 12, '65, dis. May 3, '65. 

August Weinknecht, dis. Oct. 29, '62. 

Jesse Wheeler, dis. Aug. 23, '64. 

Charles H. White, Feb. 6, '62, dis. Nov. 2, '62. 

Peter Williams, Dec. 7, '64, killed April 2, '65. 

Christopher Williams, Jan. 12, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 

John White, July 7, '64, died April 22, '65, of wds. 

Charles Woerner, dis. Jan. 10, '63. 

John Watson, Jan. 5, '65. 

F/dward Waugh, .Jan. 10, '65. 

Andrew Wesler. 

Christopher Wester. 

James Wilson (1), .\ug. U, '63. 

James Wilson (2), Dec. 13, '64. 

.lames Wilson (3),. Tan. 16, '65. 

Samuel Wilson, Jan. 6, '65. 

John F. Wilson, Dec. 12, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 

Herman Woerner, Mar. 25, '65, dis. .July 9, '65. 

John Wcdfe, Dec. 10, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 

John Woerner, died at Andersonvillc .\ug. 9, '64. 

.'Vnthony Wolf, died Aug. I, '62. 

John Wolfe, Dec. 10, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 

Charles Wood, Dec. 12, '64, dis. July 9, 'I15. 

<<)MP.\NY F, FOURTKKNTH REUIMENT NKW .IKRSF.Y 
VOLITNTEEKS. 

[TliiF (■.iriiiiiiuj- was mustered in August 1.1, Im'il, and iiiuMli'ivil oul 
August 17, lsr,4, iinless iithorwisu statod.j 

Captains. 
N. R. Aaronson, Aug. 17, '61, res. Sept. 23. '62. 
Samuel M. Gaul, Oct. 13, '62, iv'cf .Varonson, res. 
•Joseph S. Heston, .Juno 4, 'Ij^f, vice Gaul. must. out. 

Firaf. lyieuttnants. 
T.M. Fetter, Aug. 17,'61,p. capt. Co. K l)ec.2l,'61. 
J. M. Pearson, Dec. 21, '61, p. capt. Co. K .Ian. S,'6:!. 
H. W. .lackson, Jan. 8, '63, p. brt. lieut.-col. Mar. 

13, '(;5. 

Srcdud JAeiileiHiiits. 
V. G. Aaron.soM, Aug. 17, '(!1, res. Sciit. 26, '62. 
W. McElhaney, May 16, '63, pro. adjt. July 7, '63. 
D. R. F"orgus, Jan. 31, '65, resigned June 14, '65. 



TIfK WAli FOR THE UNION. 



107 



Frank E. Mailey, pro. 1st lieut. Co. A, Apl. -M, 'i)4. 

John Diuioud, killed in action .Tnni' 27, "(i2. 

David D. Hamell. 

Jacob V. Nesson, niiist. out July ;», '(i.'>. 

.Vshlcy H. Lui'Ms, jm-o. c|. m.-scrgt. May I, 't;."i 

SiryediilK. 
Samuel J. Fenner. 

James C. Sloane, pro. i,. in.-sergt. (Jt-t. -'o, '(!!. 
Tlmmas W. Mooiiey, pro. sgt. -major Nov. 4, 'til . 
.lames Houghtaling, must, out July 12, 'B.'), 
Josejili B. Holmes, must, out July i>, '(i;">. 
William ('oote, pro. sgt. -major May I, 'liri. 
(ieorge I. (Jesmeyer, ilis. Feb. 28, '().■>. 
Charles H. Jewell, died Nov. 27,'t!4, of wounds. 
Benjamin Linton, killed in action May 12, '(i4. 

CoipornU. 
Horatio S. Howell, pro. q. m.-sergt. Sept. 6, 'GIv 
John W. Me.ssick, Aug. 2(i, '(>4, dis. .lune 25, '(i">. 
.lohn Elbertson,dis. July 22, 'M. 
Lorenzo Jess, dis. July 9, 'i\b. 
Samuel P. Budd, Jan. 19, '()4. dis. July 9,'t5r.. 
John McLiester, Dec. l;i,'<;4, dis. July 9, "ti.".. 
James H. Brown, Dec. 24, '04, dis. July 9, '<>">. 
Francis V. Souders, dis. July 9, '05. 
John R. McCowau, dis. Nov. 6, '62. 
Valentine W. Brown, dis. Dec. 3, '(52. 
Richard F. Stoue, dis. Oct. 3, '62. 
Miles Bakely, trans, to U. S. Navy. 
Francis Soper, mus'n, Aug. 20, '61, dis. Sept. 8, 64. 
James Dean, musiciau, Sept. 3, '63, dis. July 9, 'O.'). 
James H. Carter, musician, dis. Aug. 15, '63. 
John Camp, wagoner, Feb. 12, '64, di.s. July 9, '65. 
Walter B. Ay res, wagoner, dis. Sept. 19, '62. 

I'livales. 
Jonal'n Abbott, dis. Jan. 30, 'm, of wds. rec. in act. 
William W. Adler, Mar. 28, '65, dis. July 9, 65. 
Henry Adler, died July 26, '62. 
Charles R. .Archer. 

Henry Ashback, Dec. 27, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 
Joseph Bates, died Mar. 10, '62. 
William Bailey, Dec. 14, '62, dis. July 9, '65. 
Steward D. Bakeley, dis. .Tuly 25, '65. 
Charles Bakeley, dis. Oct. 20, '61, wds. rec. in act. 
Joseph Bakeley, died Dec. 1, '63. 
Michael Baiinon, July 13, '64, dis. .fuly 9, 'il5. 
Joseph A. Beckett, dis. Nov. 29. 'ti2. 
Samuel Bentlcy, Jan. 13, 'i'lb. 
Abel Biddle. 

Edward Bohn, Dec. 2(1, '64, dis. .luly 9, '65. 
Edwin Boles, March 15. 't;4. 
Jos. E. Boustead. 

Alfred R. Bourdeu, Jan. 19, '64, dis. June 10, '65. 
Chas. Bowman, Jan. 6, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 



.lohn Boyle, Dec. 21, '64, tr. to t!o. I, KHh Itcgt. 

I'cter Borne, March 25, '65. 

Wni. H. Briggs, dis. Aug. 26, '64. 

James Brewster, dis. March 20, '1)3. 

John P. Brown, dis. Aug. 19, '64. 

Henry W. Brown, dis. ()<>t. 8, '62. 

Daniel Brown, Jan. 13, '65. 

.lohn P. Brown, Aug. 19, '64. 

.las. Britton, Jan. 18, '65. 

Patrick ( ). Bryan, March 2.S, \\r<, dis. .Inly 9, '65. 

(Jco. B. lUidd.died.luly 7, '62, ofwounds inaction. 

.lohn H. Burdick, Dec. 21, '64. 

^V'm. Butcher, Feb. 5, '64. 

Bernard Calhoun, Dec. 13, '64. 

Thomas Casey, Jan. IS, '65. 

.\liraham E. Casto, dis. Oct. 7, '62. 

(Jeorge W. Chew, killed .lune 27, 'ii2. 

Jacob W. Clement, Jan. 21, '64, killc<l .May 12, '64. 

John W. Cotner. 

Charles C. Craner, dis. Jan- 17. 'ti3. 

(Jeorge Crispin, Dec. 19, '64. 

James Daley, Jan. 13, '65. 

William Davis, Dec. 15, '64. 

Joseph Debler, Jan. 14, '65, di.s. .Inly 9, '65. 

.loseph C. Dorell, killed .hinc 27, '62. 

John De (jarnie. 

John Dimond, .fan. 16, '{>.^>. 

John Doyle, Jan. 16, '(;5, dis. .Inly 28, 65. 

Pafk Dunn, June 5, '61, died Sept. 20, '64, ofwds. 

Wm. G. Eldridge, died July 4, '62. 

F'ranklin Est!ack,dis. Sept. 13, '64. 

Charles P. Fish, dis July 9, '65. 

Charles B. Fithian, Dec. 15, '64. 

Harrison Flanigan. 

James Galbraith, dis. Nov. •'<, '62. 

James Gardner, Jan. 10, '65. 

Henry Glock, Jan. 9, '65, dis. .June 26, 'ti5. 

James Goodwin. Jan. 10, '65. 

Charles Gouger, killed in action June 27, '62. 

John Grace, May 25, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 

John R. Grubb, dis. Aug. 19. '64. 

David Gripton, Jan. 13, '64. 

David Harris, Dec. 15, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 

Joseph Hand, dis. Oct. 7, '62. 

John N. Hazard, Feb. 10, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 

Henry F\ Hensmau, died May 31, '62. 

John Hicks, Jan. 9, '65, dis. July ".), '65. 

Wm. H. Hilman, dis. Oct. 7,'(il. 

Charles Hillman, July 6, '64. 

Samuel Hotl'man, Dec. 13, '64. 

Francis Horner, Feb. 12, '62. 

John E. Holeton,died July 1, '62. 

John Hutwell, Jan. 10, '65. 

Lewis Jackson, Dec. 17, '64. 

Thomas Jacksou, Jau. 16, '65, dis. June 15, '65. 



108 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 



Bowers Jess. 

Joseph Johnson, Jan. 18, '(55, dis. July 9, '65. 

Henry L. Johnson, April 9, '64, dis. May 28, '64. 

Henry Kessler, Ang. 19, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 

Joshua Killingl)a('k, dis. Sept. 14, '64. 

William B. King, dis. May 20, '02, 

John King, Dec. 20, '64. 

John King, Jan. 1.3, '65. 

John Klaus, Jan. 14, 'Ofi. 

Richard Lahey, Feb. 13, '64,kld. in act. May 6, '64. 

Jacob D. Lawrence. 

John W. Lane, Jan. 13, '65. 

John W. Leonard, Jan. 13, '65. 

James Lewis, Jan. 13, '65. 

George W. Lewis. 

John Logan, dis. ( >ct. 6, '62. 

Wm. Louderback, dis. Feb. 12, '63. 

Emmett McLaughlin, Aug. 29, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 

Patrick McLaughlin, Feb. 7, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 

Thomas McLaughlin, dis. Feb. 12, '63. 

James McBride, Jan. 18, '65, 

Wm. McCabe, Jan. 10, '65. 

John McPherson, Jan. 16, '65. 

John Miller, Jan. 4, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 

Neal Munroe, March 27, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 

Charles Muhler, Jan. 16, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 

Wm. T. Mead, dis. Dec. 19, '62. 

Jacob S. Minks, Feb. 6, '64, dis. Aug. 16, '65. - 

Edward Mosely, dis. Feb. 12, '63. 

Frederick Mumberger, Jan. 16, '65. 

Owen Mullen, Jan. 16, '65. 

Richard Murphy, Jan. 12, '65, dis. July 28, '65. 

George Mix, Jan. 5, '64, died Sept. 8, '64. 

Francis Nugent, Jan. 11, '65. 

Henry O'Biien. 

Michael O'Brien, Dec. 19, '64. 

Burton K. Price, Jan. 13, '63, 

Thomas P. Potts. 

Hugh Quigley, Jan. 14, '65. 

Owen O. Ratigan, Jan. 10, '65, dis. Aug. 24, '^o. 

Patrick Rine, Jan. 10, '65, 

Thomas Ryan, March 24, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 

Frank 0. Roberts, Jan. 18, '65. 

Thomas D. Sawn. 

James Schwernaii, dis. .July 9, '65. 

John Schitenhelm, Dec. ]2, '64, dis. June 26, '65. 

George W. Scott, dis. Dec. 13, '63. 

John Shepjjard, Dec. 20, '64, dis. July 12, '65. 

Washington Shecltz. 

David Sleven, May 20, '62. 

James Shaw, Dec. 20, '64. 

John Sheppard, Jan. 11, '65. 

Clement Schy, killed .)une 27, '62. 

Patrick Smith, Jan. 12, '65. 

John Smith, Jan. 10, '65. 



Wm. Smith, Jan. 10, 'ih'>, dis. July (>, '65. 

Eleazer Stark. 

Thomas S. Stevens. 

William Stephens, Sept. 24, '64, dis. July 9,65. 

John S. Sturges, dis. June 14, '65, 

Jacob Sturges, wounded, died Oct. 19, '64. 

Charles L. Test, dis. Jan. 24, '63. 

John C. Tibbies. 

Joseph E. Ware, killed Sept. 14, '62. 

John Weathers, Jan. 16, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 

Sylvester Weaver, Jan. 13, '65. 

Edward Welch, Jan. 13, '65. 

William F. Wilke, dis. Jan. 24, '63. 

John Wilson, Jan. 9, '65. 

Thomas Williams, Jan. 16, '65. 

John T. Williams, March 24, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 

John Wright, Jan. 18, '65. 

Wm. Wright, Jan. 18, '65. 

Richard Yapp, dis. July 14, '62. 

COMPANY U, FOURTH REGIMENT SEW .JERSEY 
VOLUNTEERS. 

[This company waa mustered in August 17, 18til, aud mustered out 
July 9, 1865, unless otherwise stated, | 

Oajjtains. 
Henry M. Jewett, disch. Apr. 15, '63, woumleil. 
M. Lambson, May 16, '63, disch. Oct. 19,'64, wd. 
Wm. McElhaney,Nov. 26,'64, bvt. It. -col. Apr. 2,'65. 

First Lieutenants. 
Samuel M. Gaul, pro. capt. Co. F Oct. 13, '62. 
J. S. Heston, May 16, '63, pro. capt. Co. F June 4, '65, 

Second Lieutenants. 
Elias Wright, pro. Istlieut. Co. D Jan. 3, '62. 
Edgar Whitaker, Jan. 3, '62, resig. July 25, '62. 
J. E. Bradford, Sept. 6,'62, pro. 1st It. Co. H May 16, 

'63. 
Caleb M. Wright, May 16, '63, pro, capt. Co. C 

Oct. 5, '64. 
P. Lanning, Jan. 31, '65, pro. 1st It, Co, A.lune 4,'65. 

First Sergeants. 
Samuel E. Taylor, pro. to 2d It. Co. E Jan. 8, '63. 
John E. Doughty, nro. sergt.-major Jan, 1, '65. 
Wm. E. Cavalier, Nov. 12, '61. 
I. J. Pine, Aug. 28, '61, killed in action June 27, '62. 

Sergeants. 
Samuel B. Fisher. 
A. D. Nichols, Nov, I2,'61, pro. 1st It, Co. B Feb,13, 

'65. 
Jos. R. Westcott. 

Jos. H. Martin, pro. com.-sergt. Aug. 27, '61. 
Samuel H. Cavaljer, pro. 2d It. Co. C Feb. 13, '65. 
Jno. M. Crammer, pro, 1st U. Co. A Oct. 5, '64. 
Alfred Webb. 
Dilwyn V. Purington, Aug. 23,'61, i>ro, qr, m,-sgt. 

Aug, 26, '62. 



THE WAR FOR TIIK r.VrON. 



109 



Leauder Houghtaliiig, discli. .luiu- (>, tiA. 

J. M.Cavalier,Aug. 28, '61 , killed in act'ii June L'7,'iJ2. 

Corporals. 
S. B. Carter, Aug. 28, '(U, died May 1 7,'('>4, uf wds. 
George W. Thompson, killed in action Dec. 13,'t(2. 
Phineas Atkinson, disch'. May 10, '02. 
Richard R. Robins, disch. Aug. 21, '(52. 
James Snow, Nov. 12, '61, disch. Nov, 2y, '62. 
James H. Nugent. 
W^alter W. Woodward. 
John S. Nichols, Nov. 12, '61. 
Wm. H. Crowley. 
Lewis Bender. 

W. A. Burnett, Feb. 1, '64, disch. June 6, '65. 
Chas. R. Brown, Oct. 18, '61, must, out Oct. l.S,'6-l. 
W. F. (laul, mn.sician. 
Lewis Watson, musician. 
Gilbert Bird, wagoner. 

I'rivateii. 
David W. Adams, Aug. 28, '61. 
Joseph Adams, disch. May 10, '62. 
James Allen, Jan. 11, '65. 
Wm. W. Anderson, disch. May 17, '62. 
Louis Arnold, Jan. IS, '65. 
John K. Amit, died Jan. 28, '62. 
Wm. Applegate, died Jan. 10, '63. 
John H. Austin. 
Charles Bampton, Dec. 6, '64. 
Stephen Bailey, disch. Oct. 16, '62 
Thomas Bennett. 
Thomas Bird. 

ElishaB. Bird, disch. Dec 20, '68. 
John Boggs. 

Adam Brown, Jan. 18, '65, disch. June 21, '65. 
James Brown, Jan. 13, '65. 
James H. Bunting, disch. Feb. 7, '63. 
John Burke, Dec. 14, '64. 
Michael Cain, Jan. 11, '65. 
John \V. Camp. 

John C. Cavalier, trans, to V . H. N. April 6, '64. 
Chas. B. Carter, Aug. 23, '61, disch. Nov. 10, '62. 
Lafayette Carter, Dec. 7, '62, disch. May 10, '64. 
Ernest Cavalier, Dec. 7, '64, disch. Mar. 6, '65. 
Wm. A. Channells, must, out July 9, '65. 
Lyonel G. Clifford, Aug. 23, '61, died Mar. 15, '62. 
James Connor, Dec. 13, '64. 
Isaac Cooke, Dec 7, '64. 

Napoleon Cote, Dec. 12, '(>4, disch. .Iul,\ 12, Wi't. 
Joseph Connelly, disch. Oct. 17, '62. 
C. Cramer, Feb. 26, '64, died Dec. 12, '64, of wnds. 
Thomas Cummings, Dec. 6, '64. 
John Davis, Jan. 11, '65. 
Charles Davis, Jan. 18, '65. 
Jasper N. Dick, disch. June 10, '68. 



John Dippic, May 25, '64. 

Benj. B. Doughty, Aug. 28, '61, died .lune 6, '62. 

George lOd wards, Aug. 20, '61. 

Thomas Erwin, Jan. 10, '65. 

Richard Fehan, Dec. (i, '64. 

.lohn Fisk, Jan. 13, '65. 

Henry Fletcher, Jan. 9, '65. 

Joseph Ford. 

Wm. Ford, Feb. 10, 't;4. 

J. W. Ford, Nov. 26, '61, killed in act'n June 27,'62. 

-Samuel C. Ford, killed in action Sept. 14, '62. 

Augustus Fraley, May 25, '(i4. 

James (jalbreth, Jan. 18, '68. 

Aaron Gardner. 

Abraham Garrabrant, Oct. 15, '64. 

John F. Gaul, Oct. 17, '61, died June 29, '62, 

Daniel Gibson, Jan. 13, '65. 

Charles Gilroy, Jan. 10. '65. 

Daniel Glass, Dec. 8, '64. 

William Green, Jan. 11, '65. 

Isaac Giti'ord, dis. July 11, '62. 

John P. Grant, dis. Oct. 15, '62. 

William GoH; Nov. 18, '61 ; dis. Aug. 16, '64. 

Wm. A. Goff, Nov. 29, '61 ; died May 1 1 , '64, of wds. 

Wait Gober, Aug. 17, '61 ; killed in act. May 12,'64. 

Thomas Haggerty, Dec. 8, '64. 

John F. Haines, died June 19, '62. 

James Hale, Jan. 11, '65. 

Henry C. Hamilton, Feb. 6, '65- 

John Hamilton, Jan. 11, '65. 

J(din Hampton, Jan. 11, "65. 

Lewis Hart, Jan. 6, '65. 

George W. Harris, Dec. 8, '6)4 ; dis. July 18, '65. 

Chas. H. Hatch,Oct.24,'61 ; pr.sgt.-maj. Oct. 28, '61. 

Thomas Hayes, Jan. 16, '05 ; dis. June 6, '65. 

Daniel Higgins, Dec. 10, '64. 

Elmer Johnson, dis. Aug. 14, '62. 

Elisha Johnston, Aug. 23, '61 ; dis. Aug. 27, '62. 

M.W. Johnson, Aug. 10, '61; kid. in act. June 27,'62. 

Thomas .lones, Dec. 8, '64. 

William P. Kears, Aug. 26, '01. 

William Kelly, Jan. 16, '65. 

Joseph Kendall, Aug. 23, '61. 

John King, Mar. 29, '65; must, out ,luly 9, '65. 

Anthony Larricks, Feb. 27, '64. 

Peter Larricks, killed in action May 6, '64. 

Charles W. Leek, died Aug. 8, '62. 

.(oseph Leach, Aug. 23, '61 ; dis. Nov. 14, '62. 

George Lee, Dec, 10, '04. 

JohnT. Lewis, Aug. 15, '61; dis. Aug. 20, '64. 

Joseph Logan, Jan. 12, '65. 

Robert Love, died Sept. 5, '62. 

James Long, Jan. 13, '65. 

John O. Matthews, must, out Oct. 20, '64. 

Thomas Mahoney, Dec. 6, '64. 



110 



HTSTOliY OF CAMDEN rOT'NTY, NEW .JERSEY 



Daniel Mason, (lied March 17, 'i>2. 

Isaac R. Matliias, died Oct. 8, 'li2. 

James McCabe, Dee. 10, '(;4. 

Saml. W. McCollum, Aug. 28, '(51 ; died May 6, '62. 

(Camilla Meyer, Sept. 24, 'f!4 ; discli. June 22, '65. 

Alfred H. Miller. 

.Tohn E. Miller, Jan. IS, '6."). 

Thomas Miller, Nov. 12, '61 ; disch. Mar. 4, "tji. 

Edward J. Miller, Aug. 8, '64; died Sep. 28, '64. 

Hezekiah Morton, must, out Aug. 19, '64, 

John Moore, Nov. 29, '61; must, out July 12, '!>.">. 

E,x;e] Morey, disch. Mar. 14, '63. 

Benjamin Morton, disch. Oct. 16, '62. 

Japhet Mosbrooks, Feb. 13, '64; dis. Mar. 28, '64. 

Parker Mullica, died Mar. 27, '62. 

Thomas Murray, Jan. 12, '65, 

James Nash, Jan, 13, '65, 

Israel Nicholas, disch. Feb, 19, '63. 

Frank O'Neil, Dec. 8, '64, 

Joseph Perrine. 

William Phillips, Jan. 13, '65. 

James Price, Jan, 12, '65, 

Robert S. Pine, must, out Oct, 14, '64. 

Chas, Pharo, Nov, 12, '61 ; disch. Nov, 28, '62. 

Charles Pulaski, Sept, 21, '64 ; dis, June 22, '65, 

John Reeourt, Oct. 4, '64 ; died June 5, '65, 

James Riley, Jan. 11, '65, 

John Ryan, Jan. 19, '65, 

Joseph Salvatore, Dec. 8, '64 ; disch. Mar, 21, '65, 

Henry C, Shelmire, Feb, 29, '64, 

George W. Shelmire, Feb, 29, '64, 

John Shields, Nov. 29, '61 ; disch. .luly 9. '62. 

William A. Smith, Jan. 11. '65. 

John Smith, Jan, 11, '65, 

William B, Smith, Jan, II, '65, 

William Smith, Jan. 13, '65; trans, to Co. A, 

Lewis M, Silance, March 2, '65 ; trans, to Co. H, 

John Snyder, Aug, 5, '64, 

Uriah Spragg, Nov. 29, '61, disch, Nov, 4, '62. 

F, Steinbock, Sept. 24, '64; must, out June 22, '65, 

Samuel S, Stewart, must, out Sept, 13, '64, 

Alfred Soudens, must, out Aug, 21, '65, 

Byard E. Turner, Nov, 12, '61 ; died at Anderson 

ville Sept, 5, '64, 
Patrick Torney, Dec, 9, '64. 
Jacob Walker, Sept, 21, "64; died Nov, 2<;, '64. 
U, J. Walters, Feb, 26, '64 ; died May 31 , '64, of wds. 
William H. Weeks, disch. May 19, '(12, 
James Ward, Sept, 16, '(>4, 
Charles Woodward, killed in action June 27, '62, 

CO.MPANY H, FOl'KTH REOIMENT NEW ,)ERSEV 
VOLUNTEERS. 

jTliiu i:uuipini> wan iiiimtertid in August 17, 1861, and inuatered out 
July!(, 1805, unless otherwiee stated. J 

Captains. 
John Reynolds, res. Sept. 6, '62. 



Wm. R. Maxwell, Oct. 22, '62, died Feb. 28, '64. 
Dav. Flannery, April 24, '64, vici- Ma.vwell, dec. 

7''u'.<< Lii'uteniinls. 
Thos, R. Grapewine, res, Oct. 17, '62. 
Howard King, Oct. 21, '62, pr. capt. Co, C, 
.lohn Bradford, May 16. '63, dis, April 22, '65. 
Gritlin P. Lillis, June 4, '65. 

Second LdeiitpiiatiU. 
Jas. W. Lowe, dis. Oct. 22, '61. 
Chas. G. Hatch, Oct, 29, '61, res. Sept, 3, '63, 
•lohn V, Case, Sept. 16, '62, must, out Oct, 16, '64, 

Firxt •Sei-gfuiitx. 
John McLean, Aug. 24, '61, 
Jos, R, Wells, pr. tosgt.-maj., June 10, '63. 
Joshua F, Stone, tr, to V, R, C, Feb, 15, '64. 

■Sergeaitt!!, 
Abijah Doughty, Aug. 23, '61, m. out July 12, "65, 
Thos. S. Bonney, pr, to ser,-maj. Aug, 20, '61. 
Josiah Shaw, pr. 2d lieut. Co. B, 
Geo, W. Marshal. 
Abraham M, Tice. 
Archibald Scott, 
Wm. Criblier, dis, Oct, 18, '6.2, 
Jas, B, Wells, dis, March 1, '63, 
Edw. F. Kane, tr, to S, Corps Aug. I, '63, 
Charles W, Lowe, d, July 16, '62, of wounds. 

Corporals. 
John D. Cooper, Nov, 1, '61, 
Geo. I, Risley, Nov, 10, '61, m. out July 6, '6-".. 
Wm, C, Doughty, Oct. 18, '61. 
John Cavanaugh, Feb. 23, '64. 
John Van Hook. 

Geo, Hofl'man, Dec, 5, '61, m, out Aug, 17, '65. 
Lewis Perney, dis, June 13, '65. 
Christopher J, Mines, Jan. 21, '64, dis. Aug. 3, '6'). 
Ch. F. Currie, Aug, 23, '61, tr, to S. C, Aug, 1, '63. 
Benj. F. Mitchell, d, July 20, '62, of wounds, 
John Lyons, musician, Sept. 26, '61. 
E, J, Strickland, ni., Aug. 15, '61, dis. Aug, 20, '64, 
Geo, D, Cook, muse, Sept, 23, '61, dis, Sept. 9, '62. 
Wesley J, Price, wagoner, Nov, 10, '61. 

Privates. 
Richard Ashworth, Sept, 30, "64, tr. to Co. A. 
Francis R. Bavis, Aug. 24, '61, dis. Aug, 14, '62. 
Moses Blanchard, Jan, 17, '65. 
Peter Blanchard, .\pril 3, '65. 
.lohn Bohcn, .Ian, 10, '65, tr, to Co, C, 
■lohn Bosse, .Ian. I(i, 'ti5, tr, to Co, E. 
Thos, Bozarth. 
Peter Brunell, March 28, '65. 
Michael Bush, Jan. 16, '65. 
David R. Brown, d. March 18, '65, 
Michael Cahill,- Jan. 17, '66. 



THE WAE FOR THE UNION 



111 



John Carpenter, Jan. 18, '65. 

(iforge H. Cassaboon, dis. Aug. 18, "(io. 

John Champion, Aug. 24, 'til. 

John Clark, Jan. 17. "(io. 

Henry Colbert, Feb. 4, '64. 

Michael Conway, Jan. 17, '65. 

Th. Clevenger, Feb. 5, '64, d. June 1, '64, of wds. 

Joseph Connelly, Aug. 24, '61. 

George Cowpe, Sept.- 30, '64, tr. to Co. A. 

John Dannenlierger, dis. Oct. 14, "64. 

Thomas Davis, Feb. 23, '64, taken prisoner. 

Richard S. Davis, Feb. 4, '64. 

Chas. H. Dilks, m. out Oct. 7, '64. 

George Dilks, Nov. 1,'()1, dis. Nov. 1, '64. 

William Dolson,Feb. 22, '65. 

David Doorman, July 23, '64. 

.John Dimond. Jan. 18, '65. 

David Doughty, d. Aug, 4, '62, of wounds. 

Frederick Drinkwater, April 4, '6.'i. 

Daniel Dugan, Jan. 17, '65. 

.James Eaton, ,Jan. 17, '65. 

William Early, Jan. 15, '64, d. Aug. 26, '64. 

Jesse G. Eastlack, d. March 27, '63, of wounds. 

.John Edwards, Jan. 1 5, '64. 

Charles O. Eisele, Jan. 23, '64. 

Charles Fabian,. Jan. 14, '65. 

Thomas Fariell, .Jan. 17, '65. 

Edward Fitzer, Feb. 8, '64, dis. .\ug. 14, '65. 

Thos. Fleet. 

n.rson Ford, Feb. 24, "65. 

Edw. V. Force, Nov. I, "61, killed June 27, '62. 

George Garrison, Aug. 24, '61, dis. Sept. 22, '62. 

D. Gaupp, Dec. 1, '61, d. Aug. 15, "64, in rebel \<r. 
Wm. .1. (xibbs, Aug. 24, '61. 

Th. Gibbs, Feb. 9, '64, dis. Tune 27, '65, of wounds. 

.lohn Green, .Tan. 16, '64. 

.Joseph Green. 

.John Guare, Jan. 18, "65. 

.lacob Gvvintert, March 28, '66. 

Mich.ael Haggerty, Jan. 18, '65. 

Morgan Hall, Jan. 15, '64, killed May 12, '64. 

.Tames Hendricks, Sep. 3, '62, dis. May 3, '65. 

James Higgins. 

Thomas Hodgson, .-Vug. 24, '61, dis. March 3. '63. 

Samuel Hofi'man, Dec. 5, '61. 

Henry Holeman, Nov. 1, '61 ; dis. April 14, '6.3. 

.John Horriden, Jan. 15, '(i3. 

E. A. Jetlayes,Feb.9,'64; tr.to V. R. C.luly 27, '65. 
Bowie Johnson, Jan. 16, '65. 

Thomas .Johnson, .Jan. 18, '65. 

Frank .Tones, Nov. 1, '61 ; dis. March 22, 'ti2. 

William (>. Johnson, trans, to S. Corps. 

Thomas Johnson, Nov. 10, 'til. 

Daniel Kane, Oct. 1, '63; died Sept. 6, '(;4,<ifw(juuil>. 

William Kelsey, Nov. 1, 'til. 



R J. Kindle, Feb. 1, '64; died May 31, 'ti4, of wounds. 

William King, .Tan. 18, '65. 

Thomas King, .Jan. 18, '65. 

Joshua Korn, Nov. 1, "til ; dis. ."May 4, '62. 

.Tcdin Lannigan, Aug. 23, '61 ; dis. Oct. 22, '61. 

Theophilus Ijane, Jan. 15, '64. 

William Leak, must, out Aug. 18, '(i4. 

Lewis L. Liebeiili.st, Feb. 10, 'ii4 : dis. April 2, '64. 

Henry IvOgan, March 25, 't;5. 

/.achariah Martz. 

.Tolin L. Maston, .lau. 18, '65. 

James Mattson. dis. Sept. 24, '62. 

.John McClure, Aug. 23, 61 ; dis. June 4, '62. 

Wm. McDowell, Jan. 11, 'ti4 ; killed June 3, '64. 

Lewis McPherson, must, out Aug. I'.t, 'i)4. 

William McClune, Jan. 17, 't;5. 

John McLaughlin, Feb. 13, '64. 

George W. Messick, dis. May 15, '62. 

Charles Messner, Jan. 14, 'ti5, 

George Meyers, Nov. 1, 'til ; must, out July 9, '65. 

Thomas Murphy, Jan. 17, 't>5. 

George W. Mossbrooks, dis. Dec. 8, '62. 

Jonathan Munson, Feb. 12, "64; killed May 6, '64. 

.Tohn Myers, .Tan. 18, '65. 

John W. Newell, Jan. 18, 'ii5. 

.Tohn Nolan, .Tan. 17, '65. 

Hugh Norry, Jan. 16, '65. 

Robert J. Owens, Nov. 1, '61 ; dis. Oct. 17, '62. 

,Tohn R. Pancoast, Aug. 23, '61; dis. Dec. 22, '62. 

Charles W. Potter, Aug. 24, '61 ; killed June 27, '62. 

(ieorge W. Phifer, Nov. 1. '61 ; dis. July 1, '65. 

George T. Rayliold, must, out Aug. 19, 't)4. 

John W. Richmond, Feb. 22. '65. 

John W. Rickard, Nov. 1, 'tU ; dis. Nov. 1, '64. 

•Tames Ross, Jan.. 15, '64. 

I'^Jwood Robart, dis. Aug. 20, '62. 

Aaron Rubart, Jan. 18, "65. 

Bartholomew Ryan, Feb. 21, 'tiS. 

William H. Sanders, Nov. 10, '61. 

William Schenck. 

.I(din C. Schenck, A\ig. 23, "61 ; dis. Jan. 17, '63. 

ITenry Schonawald, March 27, '65. 

t'harles Schwartz, dis. Aug. 19, 'ti4. 

John W. SchafTcr, Jan. 4, '64. 

Lewis M. Silauce, March 2, '()5. 

.lames Smith, must, out Aug. 4, '65. 

Hcrnuiu Stehrf Aug. 21, '61 ; must, out Sept. .S, '64. 

.lohn W. Streeper, Feb. 1, '64; dis. .lunc 2S. 'ii5. 

Andrew K. Snyder, dis. Dec. 21, '(i2. 

C.Sti<'rle,Feb.4,'64; died .May 12, '6 l.ol' woinids, 

l'hilii> Stoy, Dec. .5, 'til ; died May IS, '(lii. 

Demas Struap, Jan. 4, '65. 

David Surran, Aug. 21, '61. 

Joseph Thomas. 

Walter I!. Thomas, Nov. 8, '61. 



112 



HlfSTORY OF CAMPEN COTTNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Eli Thompson. 

Sheppard Thompson, must, out July 22, '65. 

Thomas Thompson. 

Felix Thomas, killwl in a<!tion May o, 'fi4. 

John W. Thoma.s. 

Archibald Tice. 

Leonard Tice, killed in action Dec. 13, '62. 

August Tubert, March 28, '65. 

Cornelius Tubbs, Jan. 18, '65. 

B. F. Upham, Aug. 22, '61 ; must, out Hept. 23, '64. 

Joseph Van Hook, died Oct. 30, '62. 

Benjamin Vernon, Oct. 28, '61 ; died June 2!<. '64. 

William H. Wagner, must, out .^ug. 20, '61. 

John W. Walters. 

Jacob Watson, Dec. 1, '61. 

William Westcott, killed in action Dec. 13, '62. 

Henry C. Williams, Dec. 1, '61 ; dis. Aug. 14, 62. 

David Wood, Feb. 8, '64. 

John W. Wood, Feb. 8, '64. 

William Zanes, Dec. 5, '61. 

Jacob Zimmerman, Aug. 23, '61. 

The Second Brigade. — Camden County 
was also strongly represented in the Second 
New Jersey Brigade of three years' troops, 
which was compcsed of the Fifth, Si.xth, 
Seventh and Eightli Regiments. Companies 
D, E, G, I and K, of the Sixth, were rai.sed 
in Camden County, and the regiment was 
mustered into the United States service at 
Camp Olden, Trenton, August 19, 1861. 
The Sixth left the State on September lOtli, 
with thirty-eight commissioned officers and 
eight hundred and sixty non-commissioned 
officers ant! privates. At Washington it 
went into camp at Meridian Hill, and in De- 
cember the four regiments reported to Gen- 
eral Hooker, at Budd's Ferry, Maryland, 
when tiiey were brigaded as the Third Bri- 
gade, Hooker's division ; afterwards as the 
Third Brigade, Second Division, Third 
Corps ; then as the First Brigade, Fourtli 
Division, Second Corps ; and Jastly as the 
Third Brigade, Third [iivision, Srcoiul 
Corps. 

At Williamsburg, Virginia, May 5, lS(i-2, 
it was in tlio thickest of the battle, losittg 
over fiv(^ hundred men, among whom was 
Ijicutcnant-Colonel John P. \'an Leer, ol' the 
Si.xtii, a I'iti/.cn of Camden, and thii-ty-eight 



killed and seventy-eight wounded, of the 
same regiment. On June Ist, at Turner's 
Farm, General Hooker placed himself at the 
liead of the Fifth and Sixth Regiments and 
" charged straight into and through the 
woods, breaking the rebel lines and driving 
the enemy in great confusion for a consiiler- 
able distance, recovering all the ground lost 
by Casey's division and ending the fight for 
the day on that part of the line." 

The other battles of the Peninsular Cam- 
|)aign in which the Sixth took part were 
Fair Oaks, June 25th; Glendaie, June 30th; 
and Malvern Hill, July 1st and August 20th. 
In this campaign the Second New Jersey 
Brigade had six hundred and thirty-four of- 
ficers and men killed and wounded out of its 
total strength of twenty-seven hundred. 
From the swamps it was moved to reinforce 
Poj)e, and bore the brunt of the engagement 
at Bri.stow Station, on July 27th, and was an 
active participant in the fighting of the four 
succeeding days at Bull Run and Chantilly. 
In this series of disastrous battles that 
eclipsed Pope's military fame its ranks were 
depleted to the extent of two hundred and 
forty-eight killed, wounded and missing, the 
Sixth's .share being one hundred anil four, 
or more than double that of any othei- of tlic 
four regiments. The report of Lieutenant - 
Colonel George C. Burling, commanding the 
Sixth, says, — 

" Wednesday morning, August 27lii, marched in 
the direction of Manassas, and when near Bris- 
tow's Station found the enemy in force. In a 
short time we met the pickets and drove them in. 
W^e were then ordered to take an advanced posi- 
tion on a hill to the right in front of us, which we 
gained without loss under a terrible fire of shell 
from the enemy. We were then ordered to relieve 
the SecoiKl New York, Eighth New .Jersey and 
One Hundred and Fifteenth Pennsylvania Regi- 
ments, who were engaged on the right. Immedi- 
ately on reaching our new position, the enemy 
lied in great confusion, leaving their dead and 
wounded in great numbers on the field. We pur- 
sued them for two miles and encamped for the 
night. August 28th, pursued the enemy through 



THE WAR FOR THE UNTOX 



ns 



the day atifl encamped near IlhukUurii's Ford that 
night. 

" Auo;ust 20th, left camp at three ()'cU)ck, A. M.^ 
pursuing; the enemy through Centrevillc, down 
the Warrington Road. Crossing Bull Run at ten 
A. M., we formed a line of battle and advanced, in 
the woods, to relieve one of General Sigel's regi- 
ments, where we found the enemy in force behind 
the embankment of an old railroad. After deliv- 
ering and receiving several volleys, we charged 
and drove them from their position, when they re- 
ceived reinforcements, and were compelled to fall 
back nearly fifty yards, which position we held 
until we were relieved by the Second Maryland 
Regiment. During this engagement Colonel G. 
Mott and Major S. R. Gilkyson, while gallantly 
encouraging their men, were wounded. 

" August 80th, formed a line of battle about 
four o'clock. l>. JI., and were ordered to support 
batteries to the right and rear of the position we 
had held the day before- Through some misun- 
derstanding, my regiment being on the right, the 
other regiments composing the brigade were with- 
drawn without my knowledge, leaving me in a 
very critical position. The enemy making a charge 
upon the batteries in front, conijielling them to 
fall back, I determined to resist their advance, 
when to my astonishment I found we were flanked 
right and left ; I then ordered the regiment to fall 
back in the woods, which was done in order, and 
thus checked the advance of the enemy in front. At 
this time, finding the flanks of the enemy rapidly 
closing round us, the only safety for my command 
was to retreat. In trying to extricate ourselves 
from the critical position in which we were placed 
my command suffered severely. I was enabled to 
rally my regiment on a hill in close proximity to 
the battle-field, under the shell of the enemy, 
where we remained in line of battle until ordered 
by the ranking officer to fall back to Centreville, 
where we joined the brigade the following morn- 
ing." 

Captains T. W. Baker and T. C. Moore 
arc alluded to as dis[)layli)g es[iecial gal- 
lantry. 

At Chaneellorsville, on May li, ISli;}, Gen- 
eral Mott having been vvounded, General 
William J. Sewell ' took command of the 
brigade and distinguished himself" by taking 
it into a charge which a correspondent of the 

' See history of West .Jersey Hailroad in chapter on 
I'uhlic Internal Improvements for sketcli of Oeneral 
Sewell. 

15 



Washington Chronicle described as " one of 
those .splendid achievements seldom occur- 
ring in this war .so far, but which, when oc- 
curring, cover a .soldier's career with imper- 
ishable glory." The brigade's loss in this 
engagemeitt was three hundred ;ind seventy- 
eight, six killed and fifty-nine wounded be- 
ing credited to the Sixth. 

Colonel Burling was commander of this 
brigade at Gettysburg, where it did noble 
service on the afternoon of -Tulj' 2d. He sent 
the Sixth into the Devil's Den, where it lo.st 
one man killed and thirty-two woimded. 

The next engagement for the Sixth after 
Gettysburg was the skirmish at McLean's 
Ford, on Bull Run, October 15th. On May 
(5, l.S(i4, in the Wilderness, and on the 10th 
and 12th, around Spottsylvania Court-House, 
it was in the most perilous positions of those 
hard-fought fields, and behaved with much 
gallantry in the charge on the salient held 
by Powell's Confederates, in which three 
thousand prisoners and thirty guns were 
taken. Adjutant C. F. Moore and Lieuten- 
ant Note brought oiF one of these guns with 
a squad of the Sixth and turned it upon the 
eneiuy. Seven hundred men, killed and 
wounded, were subtracted from the brigade 
on that terrible 12th of May. 

Between June 3d and 21st the Sixth j^artici- 
pated in the fighting on the north bank of 
the James River, and the attacks on Peters- 
burg. Its losses in May and June were six- 
teen killed, ninety-nine wounded and eight 
missing. Its final engagement was near 
Deep Bottom, James River, August 14th to 
18th, when, its three years of service having 
expired, it was ordered to report at Trenton, 
and was mustcj-ed out September 7th. 

The roster of the Camden County com- 
panies of this regiment is appended : 

COMPANY D, SIXTH REGIMENT XEW .TEHSEV VOL- 
UNTEERS 

[This ciinipiiny was muatered in August 20, 1801, and mustcsn'il out 
September 7, 1804, unless otherwise stated], 

Captdhi. 
Geo. E. Wilson, Sept. 9,'(>1, must, out Sept. 7, '04. 



114 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



First Lieutenants. 
.1. Willian, Sept. 9, '61, pro. capt. Co. C July 11, '62. 
T. F. Field, Jan. 2, '63, pro. capt. Co. H June 9,'63. 
F. Young, Sept. 21, 63, pro. capt. Co. I Aug. 8, '64. 

Second Lieutenant. 
Wm. H. Kinly, Sept. 9, '61, resig. Jan. 11, '63. 

First Sergeants. 
Pat. Eiley, Aug. 9, '61, killed in action May 5, '62. 
Thos. J. Keegan, trans, to Co. G, 8th Regt. 

Se.rgeant-'i.. 
Eli H. Baily. 
Mahlon F. Ivins. 

Wm. D. Smith, disch. Nov. 21, '63. 
Joseph Wollard, killed in action May 5, '62. 
Edgar Hudson, killed in action .luly 2, '63. 

Corporals. 
Amos Ireland. 

Thos. B. Jordan, disch. Dec. 29, "62. 
Thos. Bates, Sr., disch. Oct. 15, '62, of wounds. 
Frank W. Pike, trans, to Co. G, 8th Regt. 
John E. Maxwell, disch. Sept. 1, '64. 
Wm. C. Poole, trans, to V. R. C. Sept. 1, '63. 
Samuel Ogden, disch. Aug. 26, '64. 
Jesse T. Bailey, killed in action May 8, '63. 
Chas. F. Jess, musician. 
Jas. Pollock, musician, disch. July 3, '62. 
Chas. C. Sturgess, musician, disch. Aug. 2-'i. '64. 
Jacob Clark, wagoner, Oct. 19, '61. 
S. W. Crammer, wagoner, trans, to Co. G, 8lh Regt. 

I'riviitvs. 
Christian Anderson, must, out April 1, '6-'i. 
James Abernathy, disch. Dec. 11, '(i2. 
Robert Anders(m, Aug. 9, '61. 
Wm. D. Anderson, Aug. 9, '61. 
Daniel P. Bendalow, trans, to Co. G, Stli Regt. 
John Berry man. 
Thomas Burrott. 
Robert N. Black. 
Wm. Black. 
James Bradley. 

Henry Black, trans, to Co. G, 8th Regt. 
Robert Booth, must, out Aug. 2, '64. 
J. T. Boyle, June 30, '63, trans, to Co. G, 8th Regt. 
Patrick Boylon. 
Wm. R. Britton. 
James P. Britton. 
Allen Brown. 

James Booth, disch. July 24, '62. 
Thos. Bottomly, disch. Jan. 29, '63. 
Conrad Brickhardt, May 25, '64, disch. Nov. 21, '64. 
Jos. P. Busha, disch. Feb. 11, '64. 
Michael Campbell. 
Thomas Calvert, disch. May 26, '62. 
John Cloren, died Oct. 11, '62. 



Timothy Cloren, killed in action May 5, '62. 

Wm. Conard. 

Jacob Cowan, Aug. 29,'61, trans, to Co. G, 8th Regt. 

Woodard Cox, disch. Dec. 1, '62, of wounds. 

Joseph P. Davis, trans, to Co. G, 8th Regt. 

Henry Deats, trans, to Co. G, 8th Regt. 

James Devlin. 

John Dowell, trans, to Vo. (t, Sth Regt. 

Samuel English. 

Joseph L. Ervin. disch. Dec. 11, '61. 

John Fitzgerald, killed in action May 5, '62. 

J. W. Ford, April 2, '62. killed in action May 5,'62. 

Thomas Gannon. 

Charles P. Gannon, trans, to Co. G, 8th Regt. 

.John Gannon, disch. Sept. 22, '62. 

John Gourley, disch. vSept. 1, '62. 

Jos. Graisberry, disch. Feb. 18, '63. 

James Groves, disch. March 18, '62. 

John Groves, disch. Oct. 8, '62. 

Wm. Groves, trans, to Co. G, Sth Regt. 

John Hanery, Maich 27, '63, disch. July 15, '68. 

John Hare, disch. Feb. 6, '63. 

Henry Harney, disch. Feb. 6, '63, to join Reg. A'y. 

•lames Herron, disch. Oct. 17, '62. 

Charles Holmes, disch. May 31, '62. 

John Harley. 

Alexander Harvey. 

Benjamin W. Hill. 

G. H. Holmes, <lied May 10, '62, of wounds. 

Robert Irvine. 

Hiram Irvin, disch. Dec. 11, '61. 

Levi Jess. 

Henry Johnson, Feb. 17, '62. disch. Jan. 2. '63. 

John T. Johnson, disch. Jan. 2, '63. 

Michael Joy, May 16,'64, trans, to Co. G,8th Regt. 

John Kentworthy. 

Thos. H. King, disch. Oct. 19, '62. 

John Kochersperger, disch. July 24, '62. 

J. P. Langley, Sept. 23,'64, trans, to Co. E, Sth Regt. 

Albert C. Lee, Sept. 3,'64,trans. to Co. H, Sth Regt. 

Matthew Larney. 

Thos. Marrott, disch. Oct. 25, '62. 

Robert Marshall, died Feb. 18, '62. 

James McCormick, disch. April 18, '63. 

James McElmoil, disch. Oct. 17, '62. 

John McHenry, disch. Dec. 9, '61. 

Henry D. Morgan, died June 1, '62, of wound,". 

Francis Nield, disch. Nov. 29, '62. 

JohnO'Ncil, July 21, '63. 

Jos. Parks, killed in action May 5, '62. 

Wm. Parker, disch. May 17, '64. 

Theodore Pike, died March 14, '62. 

W. C. Poole, Aug. 19, '64, trans, to Uo. (), Sth Regt. 

Lewis G. Pratt, discli. Se|)t. 27, '62. 

Edgar V. Roby. 




^fr?J^ 



'^t^^-A^ 



THK WAU FOR THE UNION. 



Win. H. Robust, died Nov. 26, '02. 

TboiiKW D. Ros.s, died Feb. 12, 'f>2. 

J:is. Ryan, Marcb 22,'(;4, killed in action May G,'04. 

David Salmons, Feb. 18, '62, disch. Feb. 17, '65. 

John Sheppard, disch. Dec. 31, '62. 

Henry Shatter, di.wh. Sept. 24, '61. 

Thomas Sinclair, disch. Sept. 24, '61. 

Aaron Stone, disch. Feb. 28, '(iS. 

Thomas R. Smalhvood. 

\Vm. Terry, Jan. 26, '64, trans, to Co. G, Sth Regt. 

James Tomlinson. 

James Totten. 

Charles Van Meter. 

Eber Van Meter. 

Henry Wei?tlake, Sept. 22, '64, dis<'li. .Fan. l:i, 'i'Al 

J. M. Webster, Sept. 9,'6.3, trans, to (_'o. K, Sth Regt. 

Frederick Whorten. 

J. Wolohon, June 30,'6.S, trans, to Co. G, Sth Regt. 

Captain George E. Wilson was boru 
at Woonsocket, E. I., February 10, IS:?;}. 
Hi.s graiul father, the Rev. Junies NA'il.son, a fle- 
sceudant ut" oue of the early settler.s of New 
England, in 1800 beeanic one of tiie fir.^t 
piiblio-scliool teaehers in tlie city of Provi- 
(Knee, where tlie free-school system in Amer- 
ica then originated. As a minister of tiie 
gospel he .served during tlie long period of 
fifty years as pastor of the Beneficent ( 'on- 
gregational Cluircli of Providence, and died 
highly honored and respeetetl at the advanced 
age of eighty years. 

James Wilson, his .son, and the father of 
Henry B., James P. and George E. Wilson, 
was treasurer of the New England Screw 
Clompany, at Providence, for a time. He 
iiKived to Camden County in 184!), and for 
many years was treasurer of the Washington 
Manufacturing Company, of (jlonccster ( !ity, 
until age compelled him t« resign, and he 
spent the remainder of his life in Camden. 
He was a man of sterling integrity, deeply 
interested in the material and moral weiiiire 
of the communities in which he lived, and a 
prominent member of the Protestant Epis- 
copal Church. He died in 1S82, at the age 
of eighty years. 

Captain Wilson, subject of this biograjJiy, 
spent his boyliood days in Providence, and 
there attended the public schools and subse- 



quently was a j)upil in a Friends' school in 
Philadelphia. He entered business asach'rU 
for the Washington Maiuilacturing Com])any, 
at (iloucester, and afterwards engaged in the 
ice business in the .same city. When the 
C^ivil War opened he joined Cajjtaiii John P. 
Van Leer's com]«iny in the three months' 
service, and upt)n arriving at Trenton was 
mustered in, April 21, 18(jl, as first li(uiten- 
ant of C'ompany H of the lAturth New Jer.sey 
Militia. This regiment was taken down the 
Delaware to Anna])olis in ti-ansports, and 
was the first fully-e(juip])e<l brigaile at the 
outbreak of the war to arrive at the city of 
Washington. The same regiment built Fort 
Runyon, at the south end of the Long Bridge 
over the Potomac near Washington, and was 
present at the first battle of Hull iiun, tlniugh 
n(jt actively engaged. At the exjiiralion of 
the term of service he cann' Imnie with the 
regiment, and immediately alter being dis- 
charged re-enlisted with Cajjlain Van Leer, 
in Company I) of the Sixtii New Jersey 
Regiment, and was nuistered in as captain 
of the comjtany, Cai)tain Van Leer being 
promoted to major. The Sixth Regiment 
fdniied a part of the Secontl New Jersey 
Brigaile, and in 18()2, under (ieneral Mc- 
Clellan, took part in the Peninsular cam- 
paign. Captain Wilson commanded his 
company at the siege of Yorktown, and in 
the succeeding engagement of this campaign 
at Williamsliurg, May "», 18G2, he was .se- 
verely wounded in the hand and hip, as th<> 
army was on the retreat and he fell into the 
hands of the enemy, but the fi)llowing day 
was recovered. After his wounds had healed, 
in August, 1862, he rejoined his regiment and 
again took charge of his company. In 18(i;! 
he participated in the battles of Frederii-k.s- 
burg, Chancellorsville and (i('ttysburg. In 
July of the same year he was detached from 
his regiment to take charge of the camp of 
drafteil men at Trenton, and remained in 
that position until the exj)iration of his term 
of three years' service, in 1864. 



116 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Since the close of tlie war Captain Wilson, 
lias been actively engaged in the ice and 
coal business in the city of Camden, has built 
up an extensive trade and has been very 
successful. He olitains his ice in immense 
quantities from the Eastern States and from 
Lakeside Park, and furnishes it to consumers 
in the city of Camden and elsewhere. He 
also has a coal-yard at Second and Chestnut 
Streets and one at Tenth and Spruce Sti-eets. 
He is a member of the Thomas K. Lee Post, 
G. A. R., and has taken an active interest in 
the Masonic fraternity, lieing a member of 
Lodge 94, Siloam Chapter, No. 19, Cyrene 
Commandery of Camden ; has taken the 
thirty-second degree in Masonry, and was 
Grand C!onuuander of Knights TeMi]ilar 
of West Jersey for 1880 and 1881. 

On October 12, 1805, Captain Wilson was 
married to ]\Iatilda M., daughter of Dr. 
William C. Mullbrd, of Gloucester. She 
died in 1869, leaving two children, — Emilie 
I), and George Edward. He was married, 
on the 19th of NovemI)er, 1872, to Maria 
W. Jackson, daughter of Ephraim S. Jack- 
son, a prominent citizen of Providence, II. I., 
and for twelve years postmaster of that city. 
They have two children, — Benjamin J. and 
Rachael Graham Wilson. 

COMPANY E. 

[This tuuipiuiy was niiifttf red in August 20, 1861, aud luiistered out 
Scv'tiMiiliiT 7, 1S(>4, unless otherwise stated,] 

Caj/tdiim. 
Kamuiul G. Jackson, Sept. 9, '01, tlis. Oct. 18, '02. 
William H. Hemsiiig, Jan. 2, "0?., i'/t<? Jackson, dis. 

First Lieutenant. 
Frederick Homer, Jan. 2, '03, (lis. July 1-1, '04. 

Second LieufenniitK. 
Levi E. Ayres, Mar. 2, '03, pr. 1st lieut. Oo. F. 
George W. Breen, Sept. 2, '03, pr. 1st lieut. Co. B. 

First /Sergeant. 
George VV. Jackson, pr. 1st lieut. Co. H. 

ii'ergea,nts. 
William H. Schwaab. 
Authony Barnard, dis. July 1, '02. 
James Albright, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
Charles G. P. Golorth, d. Sept. 1, '64, of wounds. 



Corporals. 
Count De Grasse Hogau, dis. Aug. 25, '02. 
Jacob Gerhard, dis. Mar. 21, '03. 
Benjamin H. Connelly, trans, to Co. I, 8th Regt. 
Frederick O. Lowe, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
Charles H. Rossiter, dis. Aug. 0, '04. 
John Brown, trans, to Co. I, 8th Regt. 
Thomas Matthews, dis. Nov. 14, '05. 
Adam Wooley, killed May 9, "04. 
James Herliert, killed May 3, '03. 
Kd. G. Jackson. Jr., mus., trans, to Co. F. 8th Regt. 
William G. Gordcn, mus. 
Charles Fox, wagoner. 

J'rii'ates. 
Frederick M. Adams, June 9, '04, dis. Sept. 22, '64. 
Robert H. Ames, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
Michael B.iyne, killed May fi, '02. 
George Baltzer, dis. Mar. 24, '0.^). 
Patchie Barry. 

George Bower, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
Charles R. Bechtel. killed May 5, '02. 
Joseph Bozer, dis. Nov. 29, '02. 
David R. Burton, dis. Jan. 12, '03. 
Charles Brown. 

Alfred Biddle, died May 25, '02, of wounds. 
Alfred B. Carter, Apr. 3, 'ti2, dis. Jan 19, '03. 
William H. Carey. 
Jesse Cain, died Aug. 22, '02. 
Edward J. Cassady. 
(k'orge Cobb, dis. Feb. 16, '03. 
Michael Collins, dis. Dec. 5, '02. 
Restore L. Crispin, dis. Mar. 6, '63. 
Chs. C. Cullen, Feb. 2, '(i4, trans to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
Job J. Davidson, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
Thomas Dougherty. 
Michael Eagan. 
Charles O. Easley, dis. Oct. 22, '02. 

Ralph Easley, died May 20, '02, of wouuds. 
Charles Elliott. 

Lemuel Edwards, dis. Feb. 4, '03. 

Charles Fennimore, dis. Aug. 5, '02. 

William Fields, killed Aug. 29, '02. 

Charles Fredericks, Dec. 14, '03. 

Hiram Fish, Nov. 1, '01, dis. May 21, '63. 

Frank Gordon. 

Charles Gotz. 

Archibald M. Grant, dis. Dec. 3, '02. 

Joseph F. Greenly, dis. Oct. 21, '62. 

(Jhris. (ir.andan, Feb. 2, '04, trans, to lOtli Mass. Regt. 

Chandler Gross, trans, to Co. F, 8tli Regt. 

John W. Guptill, trans, to Co. F, Sth Regt. 

William Harlman, trans, to Co. F, Sth Regt. 

William Hamlin, killed Aug. 29, '02. 

Charles Helmers, trans, to Co. F, Sth Regt. 

David Herbert, trans, to Co. F, Sth Regt. 



THK WAR FOR THE UNION. 



117 



Joseph Herbert, trans, to Co. F, Stli Kogt. 

S. R. Hankinson, Mar. 15, 'C2,dis. Dec. 16, '(!2, wds. 

Joseph S. Heston. 

Charles M. Hoagland, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 

William Hoftman, trans, to 1st N. J. Art. 

David Holloway, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 

Waher Hill. 

Loren Horner, May 18, 'iV>. di.s. Sept. 18, 'M. 

Alfred Iviiis. 

Thos. Jacobs, ApLJli, 'ti2, trans, to Co. F, 8tli Regt. 

Richard Jobes, dis. Oct. 22, '62. 

Edward Johnson, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 

Thomas Jones, killed Aug. 29, '62. 

Lewis Keller, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regl. 

Nichohis Lambright, dis. May 22, '62. 

Isaac K. Lapp. 

Samuel W. Lilly, died June 1, '62, of wounds. 

Lawrence Lockner, dis. Mar. 23, '6S. 

Charles Matlack, dis. Jan. 12, '63. 

William Matthews, di.s. Mar. 19, '62. 

Joseph McCarty, dis. Mar. 18, '62. 

William McClain. 

William McClure. 

William McCready, trans, to V. R. C. Jan. l.'i,'64. 

John McNish. 

Edw. A. Meyer, Feb. 8, '64, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 

Henry Naylor. 

John J. Olden, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 

Henry Paul. 

Charles H. Pierce, dis. Nov. 26, '63. 

Clayton Pope, dis. Juue 13, '62. 

William Pope. 

Samuel E. Radeliff. 

Thomas C. Ralston, dis. Oct. 15, '62. 

William T. Ralph, dis. Aug. 27, '64. 

Edward J. Reynolds, dis. April 21, '63. 

William Rianhard. 

Wesley Robinson, died June 6, '62, of wounds. 

Jacob Schenck, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 

Fred. Schlegel, Feb. 16, '64, trans, to Co. F, Sth Regt. 

Jacob Seigrist, dis. Oct. 22, '62. 

Alexander A. Smith, dis. Aug. 30, '64. 

John Smith, April 21, '64, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 

Joseph Simpson, May 17, '64. 

Henry Stanmire. 

Joseph Steen. 

Charles W. Steele, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regl. 

Jona'n Strouse, May 11, '64, trans, to i'o. F, Sth Regt. 

Thomas S. Stewart, dis. Jan. 3, '63. 

William H. Stewart, dis. Dec. 12, '61. 

Joseph Stoeckle, must, out Oct. 6, '64. 

Zebulon Tompkins. 

Geo. W. Wade, Mar. 30, '64, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 

Andrew .1. Wallace, trans, to Co. F, Sth Regt. 

Samuel N. Wilmot, trans, to Co. F, Sth Regt. 



John Wilson, .Ian. 4, '64, trans, to Co. F, Sth Regt. 

Wm. Wilson, Sept. 7, 'i;4, trans, to Co. I, Sth Regt. 

Josei.h M. Wliite. 

Thomas .1. Whittaker, di.s. Jan. 2, '63. 

Thomas Van Hrunt, killed Aug. 29, '62. 

('"MI'ANY (i. 
(Thirt ciiiipanv was iiiusltTed in .\uKuxt «, 1 wll, anil mnsteroa out 
with rcpinmnl unli.-Hs otherwise staterl.] 

Oipfains. 
Theo. W. Baker, Sept. 9, '61 ;pro. inaj. Oct. 9, '62. 
Louis M. Morris, Jan. 2, '63, vire Baker, pro. 

Fif.it Licutenanh. 
Chas. F. Moore, Jan. 1, '63; pro. adjt. Jan. I, '63. 
Rufus K. Case, Jan. 1, '63. 

Second Lieutenanls. 
John K. Brown, Sept. 9, '61; res. ,luly 11, '62. 
J. C. Lee, Jan. 2, '63 ; pro. 1st It. Co. C June 9, '63. 

First Sergeants. 
Benjamin D. Brown, pro. 2d It. Co. I Juue 23, '62. 
Joseph T. Note, pro. 2d lieut. Co. K Jan. 11, '63. 
James A. Morris. 

Seryeaiifs. 
John H. Hoaglaud, pro. 2d It. Co. C Jan. 16, '63. 
Joseph H. McClees, dis. May 22, '62. 
Edwin Mitchell, killed May 5, '(i2. 
Charles E. Githens, died Juue 21, '62, of wounds, 
.lacob B. .lohnson, died Jan. 5, '63. 
Joseph D. Moore, dis. Aug. 26, "64. 
George W. Farrow, dis. Aug. 27, '64. 
Charles Brough, trans, to Co. H, Sth Regt. 
Howard S. Moore. 

Coi-jiorals. 
John L. Bullock. 
James S. Porch. 

Leopold W. Rossmaier, dis. Aug. 29, '64. 
John North, dis. Feb. 19, '63. 
Charles W. North, died May 5, '63, of wounds. 
Lewis Drummond. 

George L. Baker, nius. ; trans, to Co. K, Sth Regt. 
Henry Bender, Jr., musician. 

Privates. 
William Adams, dis. May 30, '62. 
John Allen, dis. Dec. 10, '61. 
Benjamin Anderson, dis. May 22, '62. 
James V. Anderson, trans, to V,u. Vt, Sth Regt. 
Andrew Benner, May 24, '64. 
James Blake, May 24, '64. 
William Burke, May 19, '64. 
James Burns, May 24, '64. 

Benjamin F. Budd, Oct. 31, '61 ; killed Aug. 29, '62. 
James Budd, killed May 5, '()2. 
John P. Burroughs, killed May 5, '62. 
Theodore M. Cattell, trans, to Co. E, Sth Regt. 
Robert Campbell, May 24, '64. 



118 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY 



Joseph Cardisser, May 20, 't!4. 

William Charlton, May 24, '64. 

John Cheesman, Sept. 2S, '61 ; (li.s. Sept. 21. '64. 

John H. Crammer, dis. Jan. 2, '63. 

James B. Cox. 

Henry Day, May 24, '64. 

Samuel David.son. 

Samuel Dermot, died June 14, '62. 

Charles W. Devinney, di.s. June 2, '62. 

Daniel W. Donau, May 2.3, '64. 

Josiah Dickson, dis. June 11, '63. 

William E. Eastlack. 

Albert C. English, dis. May 29, '62. 

Frank Farrow, died Oct. 11, '62. 

William Feltman, dis. Oct. 13, '62. 

Henry Firth, dis. Jan. 2, '63. 

John I. Gardner. 

Frank Gates, May 24, '64. 

Thomas Gladden. 

Giles Gleason, May li), '64. 

James Gillean, dis. Dec. 10, '61. 

Charles B. Green, dis. May 31, '62. 

Horace L. Haines, Oct. 3, '61 ; dis. Oct. lo, '62. 

John Hardy, May 16, '64 ; trans, to Co. E, 8th Regt. 

Philip Hart, May 19, '64. 

Charles Hires, dis. Oct. 1 1, '62. 

Joseph HofHiuger, trans, to Co. E, Sth Regt. 

John Hogan, May 20, '64. 

John W. Holmes, trans, to Co. E, Sth Regt. 

John Horn, died June 26, '62. 

Sylvauus Ireland, killed May 5, '62. 

Thomas Ivins, dis. Feb. 2r>, '(53. 

Robert Johnson, May 23, '64. 

Charles Jones, May 19, '64. 

William Jones, dis. Oct. 17, '62. 

Justice S. Kerbaugh, dis. July 24, '62. 

Charles Layman, dis. .Tuly 24, '62. 

William Lee. 

Charles Letts, dis. Sept. 7, '64. 

Thomas Lynch, May 23, '64. 

James Mackinall, killed May 5, '62. 

John Macktoff, dis. May 22, '62. 

Thomas Marshall, May 16, '64. 

William E. Maling. 

John Mathys, May 23, '64. 

Giovanni Martini, May 20, '64; tr. to Co. E.Sth Regt. 

John McAllister, May 24, '64. 

Edw. McArdle, Dec. 30, '63 ; tr. to Co. E, 8th Regt. 

Patrick McAvoy, trans, to Co. E, Sth Regt. 

Micliael Morgan, dis. Dec. 11, '63. 

Daniel Murry, dis. May 28, '64. 

Michael Nicholson, killed in action May ">, '62. 

Michael O'Neil, trans, to Co. K. 

Benjamin Ong, dis. May 31, '62. 

Peter L. Owens, Oct. 31, '61 ; di.s. June 6, '62. 



John S. Owens, trans, to Co. E, 8th Regt. 

Charles Owens, killed in action May 5, '62. 

Frederick Parker, May 18, '64. 

Timothy Parker. 

Nicholas S. Parker. 

Ward Pierce (1), dis. June 28, '62. 

Ward Pierce (2), Dec. 30, '63 ; tr. to Co. E, 8th Regt. 

Read M. Price, died Sept. 15, '62, of wounds. 

James Phalin, May 23, '64. 

William Powell. 

Francis Rawlings, May 19, '64. 

Franklin Read, killed in action May 3, '63. 

Louis Revear, May 23, '64. 

Force Rhoads, trans, to Co. E, 8th Regt. 

Amos Robb, dis. May 22. '62. 

George Schenck, killed in action May 5, '62. 

Philip H. Schenck. Jr., killed in act. May o, '62. 

James B. Scott, Mar. 8, '62 ; dis. Aug. 8, '63. 

Henry Seabury, dis. Aug. 26, '64. 

Joseph H. Sooy, Nov. o, '62; dis. Mar. 11, '63. 

Luke Sooy, dis. Feb. 17, '63. 

George P. Stiles, Apr. 16, '62 ; tr. to Co. E, Sth Regt. 

Thos. S. Tanier, Feb. 3, '64 ; tr. to Co. E, Sth Regt. 

Thomas Taylor. 

Charle.s A. Thomas. 

Maxwell T. Toy, dis. May 31, '62. 

Andrew .1. Ware, paroled prisoner. 

John Watson, tr. to Co. E, Sth Regt. 

Samuel Watson, killed in action May 6, '64. 

James M. West, tr. to Co. E, Sth Regt. 

George L. White, dis. Dec. 19, '63. 

William Wiltsey, tr. to Co. E, Sth Regt. 

William Wilson, died May 17, '62. 

James Young, tr. to Co. E, Sth Regt. 

Malica Zimmerman, died July 26, '62. 

COMPANY I, SIXTH REGIMENT NEW .lER.^EY 
VOLUNTEERS. 

(This company wns muetf red in .\uKii8t 29, 1861, ami miiflleivd out 
with regiment uniess otlierwise stated). 

Captains. 
Richard H. Lee, Sept. 9, '61, res. Aug. 12, '63. 
Benjamin D. Coley, Oct. 27, '63, res. .Vpl. 12, '64. 

First Lieuteiiimti<. 
T. M.K.Lee, Sep. 9, '61, pr. capt. Co. K Jan. 16, '63. 
Joseph T. Note, Sep. 21, '63. 

Second Jjieuteiiants. 
T. F. Field, Sep. 9, '61, pr 1st It. Co. D June 23, '62. 
C. F.Moore. June 23, '62, pr 1st It. Co. G Dec.1,'62. 
Bcnj. D. Brown, Jan. 2, '63, res. May 22, '63. 

First Sergeants. 
Joseph C. Lee, pr. sgt. maj. Feb. 26, '62. 
Edmond Carels, tr. to Co. E, 8tb Regt. 



THK WAR FOR THE TTNTON. 



119 



Sergemitf. 
John E. Loeb. 
Benjamin W. Perkins. 
Stevenson Leslie. 

William C. Lee. tr. to Co. F, Sih Regt. 
Charles F. Dicksen, killed in action June 18, 'tU. 

Oliver K. Collins. 

Albert S. Newton. 

Jacob M. Parks. 

Joseph M. Ross. 

Richard C. Haines, disch. Sep. 12, '63. 

George W. King, disch. Sep. 5, '64. 

Samuel Taylor, disch. Aug. 31, '64. 

(i'harles W. Lane, killed in action May 5, '62. 

William F\ Hessel, killed in action June 16, '64. 

( ;. W. Mooney, died Andersonville, Ga. Aug. .1, '(14- 

William S. Chew, musician. 

William Wilson, musician. 

James Schooley, wagoner. 

Vrivates. 
John P. Allord. 

William Ascough, disch. Aug. I'd, '64. 
Favel Baptiste, May 24, '64. 
William Bates, tr. to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
Wesley Bates. Oct. 18, '61, disch. Dec. 12, '62. 
Joseph Beebe, Jan. 12, '64, died July 8, '64. 
Alfred Breyer, Nov. 2.'!, '61, died July 28, '64. 
Eben. Beebe, Jan. 12, '64, tr. to Co. IF, 8th Regt. 
Josiah Beelie, Jan. 30, '64, tr. to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
William S. Bradford, tr. to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
Joseph Brown (2), Apl. 14, '64. 
William Brown, killed in action May 6, '()4, 
Joseph Brown (1), disch. Apl. 18, '(;3. 
Joseph Burkart, disch. June 7, '62. 
Aden Chew, died Feb. 20, '62. 
Thomas D. Clark, died Jan. 2'.i, '64. 
Washington L. Clark. 
Joseph Craft, disch. Oct. 17, '62. 
William Dorsey. 

James L. Dougherty, Mar. 1.'62, died May 1-5, 62. 
Edward Ewen, Jr., Aug. 'J, '61, killed Aug. 29, 'ti2. 
W. C. Figner, Nov. 23, '61, tr. to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
William F^isher. 

Lewis M. Gibson, Sep. 10, '61, disch May 31. '62. 
,lacob Gilraore. 
Bernard Ginlay, Nov. 22, '61. 
Horace Githens, Sep. 28, '61, died Mar. l.''>, '62. 
Thom.is W. Graham, disch. Aug. 29, '64. 
Uirhard W. Hankins, died Jan. 20, '63, of wounds. 
Michael Hartzell, Feb. 20, '62, disch. Sep. 20, '62. 
Charles Henry, Nov. 27, '63, disch. June 12, '6o. 
(iaudalonp Hall, tr. to 95th Pa. Regt. 
Albert Herman, June 30, '64, tr. to Co. A, 8th Regt 
Henry Hesselb 



John M. Huber, Aug. 10, '63, tr.toCo. F, 8th Regt. 

William Hulit, Aug. 10, '63, tr. to IT. S. Inf. 

Edward B. Hood, disch. Mar. 2.'), '63. 

.lames W. Insco, disch. Feb. 5, '63. 

\Vm. D. Jacobs, July 6, '62, tr. to Co. F, 8th Regt. 

.Icdiu W. Jobes, Dec. 6, Uil, killed Aug. 29, '62. 

.Fcdin Johnson. May 23, '64. 

Samuel Kendrick, disch. .May 22, '<i2. 

James Leach, May 2;"). '64. 

.lames W. Lewis. 

Edward Livermore, killed inaction May 18, '64. 

William W. Loeb. 

Wm. Lorenz, Feb. 29, '64, killed May 12, '64. 

Alexander B. Mahan, disch. .Inly 15, '62. 

Howard F. Matlack. 

William L. Mathews, Mar. 3, '<;2, disch. Apr. 9, '65. 

Thomas Mayland, May 28, '64. 

John McCabe, May 28, '64. 

G. W. McKeen, Jan. 12, '64, tr. to Co. F,8th Regt. 

Arthur Meayo, Nov. 22, '61. 

William Mulligan, Nov. 22, '61. 

John Naphey. 

John S. Nicholson, Oct. IS, '61, died Feb. li;, '62. 

August Noach, May 24, '64. 

Samuel B. Norcross, killed in action May 5, '(!2. 

Edw. Ostner. Nov. 18, '61, killed May 5, '02. 

James Paquitt, May 23, "64. 

Henry Parker, May 23, '64. 

Daniel W. Pettibone, disch. Sep. 23, '6l'. 

Henry Piatt, May 30, '64. 

William Rhein, May 28, '64. 

Peter Rice, May 25, '64. 

Michael Robinson, Nov. 22, '61. 

Franklin Rogers, died May 6, '62. 

Peter Roe, Oct. 25, '61, disch. Feb. 25, '63. 

.Foseph D. Rogers. 

Romeo RoUi, June 2, '64. 

William Rowe, killed in action May 5, '62. 

Thomas Russell, May 24, '64. 

Thomas Ryan, May 24, '64, tr. to Co. F, 8ih Regt. 

John Sands, disch. Feb. 23, '63, 

Samuel Sanders, Dec. 6, '(Jl. 

(ieorge Schayegart, May 24, '64. 

August Scior. 

Edward L. Scott, disch. Jan. 29, '6.^. 

Andrew Serini, June 2, '64. 

Michael Sharon, May 28, '(i4. 

Charles P. Shute, disch. Feb. 28, '63. 

Geo. Simpson, May 28, '64, tr. to Co. F, 8th Regt. 

Benjamin F. Skinner, Nov. 22, '62. 

.fohn Sterling, May 23, '64. 

William Stewart, May 24, '64. 

( Jeorge Thomas, May 23, '64. 

James Thompson, May 26, 64. 

John C. Torney, died May 12, '62, of wounds. 



120 



HISTORY OF f'AMPEN COTTNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Isaac Tracy. 

Lewis Typie, Feb. 9, '64, tr. to Co. F, 8th Regt. 

Charles Waar, Feb. 25, '62, died Apr. 12, '64. 

Amos R. Watson, Oct. 23, '61, disch. Sept. 14, '62. 

Charles Waverly, May 28, '64. 

James H. Webster, disch. Aug. 31, '64. 

George Wegman, disch. Aug. 29, '62. 

Paul Werner, May 31, '64. 

Wilmon Whillden, disch. June 16, '62. 

John C. Whippey, died June 7, '63, of wounds. 

Watson Wertzell, disch. Oct. 10, '6r). 

John Williams, May 30, '64. 

John W. Williams, Nov. 22, '61. 

James Wilson, May 26, '64. 

John Woods, disch. May 22, '62. 

William Yates, May 28, '64. 

COMPANY K. 

[This r(>mpaliy watt muBtered in August ^'.), 1861, aufl niusterf^rl 
out with regiment unless otherwise stated.] 

Cajifaiuf. 
Timothy C. Moore, Sept. 9, '61 ; res. Jan. 14, '63. 
Thomas M. K. Lee, Mar. 2, '63 ; vice Moore, res. 

First Lieutenants. 
Thomas Goodman, Sept. 9, '61 ; det. to 4th Art. 
B. D. Coley, Jan. 2, '53 ; pro. capt. Co. I, Sept. 24, '63. 

Second Lieutenant. 
J. T. Note, Mar. 2, '63, pro. 1st It. Co. I, June 9, '63. 

Fir-it Sergeants. 
Edward Corcoran, disch. June 8, '63. 
George W. Jobes, trans, to Co. B, 8th Regt. 

Sergeantn. 
Samuel H. Elder, disch. Nov. 24, '62. 
James White, disch. Jan. 28, '63. 
William McCormick, disch. March 23, '63. 
George W. Hall, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
Isaac T. Gartou, trans, to Co. G, 8tli Regt. 
William T. Goodman. 

I'orporals. 
James Flynn, disch. Dec. 27, '62. 
Christopher Dowling, disch. Sept. 7, '62. 
Hugh Diamond, disch. Aug. 29, '64. 
Charles P. Tuttle, trans, to Co. G, 8th Regt. 
.lohu McKenna. 

T. McKibben, Aug. 13, '(i2 ; disch. June 29, '65. 
B. F. Reeves, Sept. 17, '(il ; killed July 2, '63. 
James Derkeu. 
Frederick Biisser, musician. 
Thos. Marshall, musician, disch. March 11, '62. 
Henry Bender, Jr., musician, trans, to Co. G. 
Da\ id Creevy, wagoner, disch. Feb. 8, '63. 

I'rioates. 
James Baker, Oct. 3, '61. 
John Barnes. 



William Bayne, disch. Oct. 13, 62. 

William Bisbing. 

Jesse H. Berry, died June 1, '63, of wounds. 

J. G. Bowers, May 14, '64, trans, to Co. G, 8th Regt. 

Lewis R. L. Blizzard, disch. June 0, '62. 

Peter Bride, Oct. 9, '61, disch. May 22, '62. 

Edward Budding, disch. June 9, '62. 

Charles Braceland. 

Benjamin F. Christy. 

.Joseph Cheeseman, disch. April 27, '63. 

Albert G. Clark, May 21, '64, trans, to Co. G. 

Henry Conerty. 

James Coleman, disch. June 19, '63. 

John S. Copeland, died Sept. 18, '61. 

Michael Corcoran, disch. Sept. 7, '62. 

.Jacob Cowan, trans, to Co. D. 

J. J. Daniels, May 20, 64, trans, to Co. G, 8th Regt. 

Cornelius Dowling, disch. July 14, '62. 

Patrick Earley, disch. Feb. 28, '63. 

Thomas Egan, disch. April 18, '63. 

James Finnegan, disch. Sept. 1, '64. 

John Fogger. 

John Gagger, killed Aug. 29, '62. 

James Gannon. 

Charles P. Gannon, trans, to Co. D. 

Francis A. Gaskill, disch. May 3, '64. 

Samuel Gilbert, Aug. 19, '62 ; disch. Mar. 25, '63. 

Lewis H. Giles, disch. May 21, '62. 

Martin Haley. 

William Hampton. 

Henry Harley, Oct. 3, '61. 

Joseph W. Henderson, trans, to Co. G, 8th Regt. 

William H. H. Hilyard, disch. Feb. 7, '63. 

James R. Husted, disch. Jan. 16, '63. 

Edward Hutchinson, disch. Oct. 21, '62. 

H. C. Izard, May 16, '64; trans, to Co. G,8th Regt. 

W. H. Janes, Jan. 29, '62; tr.to Co. G, 8th Regt. 

E. H. Johnson, Aug. 19, '62; disch. Jan. 7, '63. 

Ellas P. Jones, killed June 18, '64. 

William F. Joslin, disch. Oct. 17, '62. 

.John Lane. 

.James M. Lane, disch. Feb. 2, '63. 

Dennis Laughlin, trans, to Co. G, 8th Regt. 

William H. Lawrence, trans, to Co. G, Sth Regt. 

John Leo, Oct. 9, '61 ; disch. Dec. 31, '62, wounded. 

Thomas Lippincott, disch. Mmv 14, '62. 

Thomas M. Long, disch. July 21, '63. 

George A. Lovett, disch. Sept. 17, '62. 

W. G. Leake, died May 23, '62, of wounds. 

Joseph C. Lore, died May 21, '62. of wounds. 

Martin Marshall, killed Aug. 29, '62. 

Patrick Maguire. disch. Oct. 7, '(>2. 

Robert Mc.Vdoo, disch. Dec. 2">, '62. 

Thomas McDonald, disch. Dec. 9, '61. 

James McCormick, killed May 5, '62. 




t^^ 




THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 



121 



N. McElhoiie, Mar. 13, '62 ; died June 4/62, of wds. 

B.obert McGourley. 

Michael McLaughlin, died Sept. 14, '62, of wduiids. 

Michael McGrory. 

Peter McGeary, disch. Aug. 29, '61. 

James McNulty, disch. Sept. 26, '62. 

W. Miller, May 21, '64 ; trans, to Co. G, Sth Regt. 

Abijah Mitchell. 

Jos. Mox, May 23, '64 ; trans, to Co. (4, Sth Regt. 

William Mullen, disch. Aug. IS, '62. 

Robert Munday, trans, to Co. B. 

Michael O'Neil. 

Constantiue O'Neil, disch. Oct. IS, 62. 

F. O'Neil, Feb. 7, '62 ; died Feb. 25, '62. 

Fritz Olsun. May 20, '64; trans, to Co. G, Sth Regt. 
.r. Jenn, May 21, '64; trans, to Co. G, Sth Regt. 
Jeremiah C. Price, trans, to Co. G, Sth Regt. 
William Proud, Jr., killed June 1, '62. 
Nathan Rambo, diseh. Jan. 16, '63. 
William H. Randolph, trans, to Co. G, Sth Regt. 
M. H. Reynolds, Sept. 17, '61 ; disch. Dec. 9, '61. 
W. V. Robinson, May 23, '64 ; tr. to Co. G, Sth Regt. 
A. Schaider, May 23, '64; trans, to Co. G, Sth Regt. 
.John S. Sibbett, disch. July 24, '62. 
William Snape, disch. Sept. 7, '64. 

G. J. Stewart, May 21, '64 ; tr. to Co. G, Sth Regt. 
John Scott, May 26, '64. 

\Iahlon Smith. 

John A. Smith, died Nov. 30. '63. 

William Streeper, disch. Oct. 17, '62. 

Levi Swan, died Oct. 10, '62. 

Henry H. Stiles, Sept. IS, '61. 

Mathew Timnicns, trans, to V. R. C. 

William Thompson, disch. Sept. 7, '64. 

.1. H. Thompson, disch. July 24, '62. 

P. Vandertimer,May 21, '64 ; tr. to Co. G, Sth Regt. 

Isaac Warr, Feb. 5, '62 ; trans, to V. R. C. 

George F. Ward, diseh. Sept. 16, '62. 

W. H. Watsou, Aug. 17, '62; trans, to V. R. C. 

J. H. Wilkins, May 16, '64 ; tr. to Co. G, Sth Regt. 

Nathaniel F. Wilkinson, trans, to V. R. C. 

John Wiley, killed Aug. 29, '62. 

Edgar S. Wilkinson, killed May .5, '62. 

James Wittle, disch. Sept. 7, '64. 

Captain Ben.famin D. Coi.ey, .son of 
John and Ann (Day) Coley, born at Rad- 
dell, Bedfordshire, England, February 1, 
1826, emigrated with his parents to America 
in ]S'29, landed at I'liiladelphia and soon 
afterward located in Camden. At tiie age of 
six he went to live with a farmer in Bur- 
lington County and remained tlicre, working 
on the farm in summer anil attending school 
16 



in winter, until he was fourteen, when he re- 
turned home and for several years assisted 
his father at whip-making. He was next 
employed for five years with Richard Fet- 
ters, of Camden, and next engaged in the 
restaurant business and also kept a billiard 
saloon in Camden until the opening of the 
Civil War, in 1861, when, in company with 
the Camden Light Artillery, a military or- 
ganization to which he belonged for about 
six years, he went to Trenton and entered the 
service three days after President Lincoln's 
first call for volunteer soldiers. As second 
sergeant of the company, which was assigned 
to the Fourtii New Jersey Regiment, he re- 
mained three months, the term of enlistment, 
and during that time participated in the first 
battle of Bull Run. The company was dis- 
charged July 27, 1861, at the expiration of 
the term of service, and on the 9th of August 
following he began to recruit a company for 
the three years' service, which, on September 
9, 1861, became Company K of the Sixth 
Xew Jersey Regiment, and he was chosen 
second lieutenant. This regiment formed a 
part of tiie famous " New Jersey Brigade," 
which was assigned to General Hooker's di- 
vision, participated in 1862, under General 
McClellau, in the Peninsular campaign, in 
the siege of Yorktown, battles of Williams- 
burg, Fair Oaks, Seven Pines and Malvern 
Hill, in the Army of the Potomac under 
(Jeneral Pope, in the battle of Bri.stow Sta- 
tion, the second Bull Run engagement and 
the battle of Chantilly, and in the battle of 
(fentreville, under General Sickles; in 
1863, in the Army of the Potomac, under 
General Buruside, at Fredericksburg, and 
Chancellorsville under General Hooker, and 
in July of the same year in the battle of Get- 
tysburg, under General Meade, at which 
place he was in command of Company H of 
the Sixth Regiment. On November 17, 
1862, he was promoted to first lieutenant, 
and on September 24, 1863, was promoted to 
captain of Company I of the .same regiment. 



122 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



The other engagements in which Captain 
Coley participated were the battles of" Wrap- 
ping Heights, McCleau's Ford and Pine 
Run, all in Virginia. At the last-named 
battle, owing to the terrible strain, he was 
disabled for further military duty, and on 
March 4, 18G4, was discharged from the 
service on a surgeon's certificate. 

Soon after his return home he entered the 
employ of Thomas Clyde & Co., of Phila- 
delphia, as an engineer, and continued with 
that firm until 1868, when he began the gro- 
cery business at the corner of Third and Fed- 
eral Streets, where he has ever since contin- 
ued and prospered. Captain Coley was 
married, September 9, 1848, to Margaret K. 
Southwick, daughter of James Southwick, of 
Camden, by whom he has three children, all 
residing in Camden. Mrs. Coley died May 
13, 1885. Martha, the eldest daughter, is 
married to Henry S. Wood; Alma J)., is 
married to Charles H. Thompson; Benjamin 
D. Coley, the only son and youngest child, is 
married to Hattie Wil.son. Captain Coley 
is prominently connected with the fraternal 
and beneficial orders of Camden, being a 
member of Thomas M. K. Lee, Jr., Post, 
G. A. R., No. 5 ; Chosen Friends Lodge, No. 
29 ; and Camden Encampnient, No. 12, of I. 
( ). (). F. ; Damon Lodge, No. 2, K. of 1'. ; 
Iron Hall ; and Camden Council of Royal 
Arcanum. 

Ninth Ri;(;iMi',Nr. — This command, of 
which Company I was recruited in Camden 
Couuty, was mustered at Camp Olden, 
October 5, 1861, under authctrity of the War 
Department for the organization of a regi- 
ment (if riflemen, and arrived at Washing- 
ton December 4th with one thousand one 
hundred and forty-two men on its rolls. In 
Januaiy, 1862, it was assigned to General 
Reno's brigade, and sailed with Burnside's 
expedition to Roanoke Island, N. C, where 
Colonel Jo.seph W. Allen was drown('<l in 
disembarking. At the battle of February 
8th it rendered admirable service in picking 



off the (Confederate gunners by its sharji- 
shooting, and Burnside privileged it to place 
the name " Roanoke Island " and the date 
of the fight in gold on its regimental flag. 
Besides this the principal engagements in 
which it shared were the.se : 

Newberne, N. C, March 14, 1862 ; Fort Macon, 
X. C, April 25, 18ti2 ; Young's Cross-Roads, N. C, 
July 27, 18()2 ; Rowell's Mill, N. C, November 2, 
1802; Deep Creek, N. C, December 12, 18(52; 
Southwest Creek, N. C, December 13, 18ti2; Kins- 
toii, N. C, December 14, 18(12; Whiteliall, N. C, 
December 1(3, 1862 ; Goldsborougli, N. C, Decem- 
ber 17, 1862; Comfort, N. C, July 6, 1863; Win- 
ton, N. C, July 26, 1863; Deep Creek, N. C, 
Febiuary 7, 1864; Cherry Grove, N. C, April 14, 
1864; Port Walthall, Va., May 6 and 7, 1864; 
Swift Creek, Va., May 9 and 10,1864; Drury's 
lilutr, Va., May 12-16, 1864; Cold Harbor, Va., 
June 3-12, 18(34; Petersburg, Va., June 20 to 
August 24, 18()4 ; Gardner's Bridge, N. C, Decem- 
ber, 9, 1864; Foster's Bridge, N. C, December 10, 
1S64; Butler's Bridge, N. C, December 11, 1864; 
Southwest Creek, N. C, March 7, 1865; Wise's 
Fork, N. C, March 8-10, 1865; (Joldsborough, 
N. C, March 21, 1865. 

This long record is full of brave achieve- 
ments by the regiment. At the battle of 
Young's Cross-Roads Caj)tain Hufty, with 
the Camden company, charged a bridge and 
cai>tured eighteen jiri.soners. January 21, 
]8(J4, two-thirds of the men re-enlisted while 
at the front in North Carolina. At Drury's 
Bluff, where the recounoi.sance that preceded 
the fight was made by Hufty's men, the regi- 
ment lost one hundred and fifty killed and 
wounded. Colonel Zabriski was one of the 
fatally wounded, and General Heckman was 
taken j)risouer. The Richmond Examiner 
expressed its satisfaction " at the destruction 
of Hecknian's brigade," and that " the cele- 
brated New Jersey Rifle Regiment has been 
completely destroyed, thus ridding the bleed- 
ing Caroliuas of a terrible scourge." Cap- 
tain Charles Hufty was fatally wounded at 
the head of Company I in the skirmish at 
Southwest Creek, March 7, LSfir). 

The regiment was mustered out June 14, 
1865, and was discharged by the State on the 



THE WAR FOR THE UNTOX. 



28th. It Imd taken part in forty-two er)- 
gagenients ; sixty-one enlisted men were 
killed in battle, four hundred wounded, 
forty-three died from wounds and one hun- 
dred from disease. Eight officers had been 
killed and twenty-three wounded. It was 
successively attached to the Ninth, Eigh- 
teenth, Tenth and Twenty-third Army Corps. 
The Camden County enlistments were as 
follows : 

COMPANY 1, NINTH REGIMENT NEW .lERSEY VOL- 
UNTEERS. 
[This culupany was mustered in October 8, 1861, and mustered out 
July 12, 1805, unless otherwise stated.] 

0(pfains. 
Henry F. Chew, Nov. 12, '61, res. March !(, 'i>'2. 
Samuel Hiifty, March 7, '62, pro. maj. June 15, '64. 
Chas. Hiifty, July 25, '04, died Mar. 14, 'Co, of vvnds. 
David Killc, July 7, '65, vice Hufty, died. 

Fir-ff Lieutenaiitis. 
Charles M. Pinkard, Mar. 19, '62, res. Dec. 28, '62. 
R. D. Swain, Dec. 29,'62, pro. capt. Co. K, Feb.10,'65. 

Second Lieuteitants. 
Chas. B. Springer, Mar. 9, '62, died July 31, '62. 
J. C. Bowker, Dec. 29, '62, pro.lst It. Co.D July y>, '64. 
D. Whitney, Mar.28, '65, pro. Istlt.Co.A June22,'65. 

First Sergeants. 
Edward H. Green, pro. 2d It. Co. D Jan. 14, '6^^. 
Chas. P. Goodwin, com. 2d lieut. June 22, '65. 

Sergeants. 
Mark L. Carnly. 
Charles Keene. 
Lewis Murphy. 
John C. Smith. 

Edward D. Matson, dis. Oct. 7, '64. 
Samuel B. Harbison, trans, to V. R. C. 

Corporals. 
John S. Hampton, dis. July 19, '65. 
Joseph Wolf. Jan. 20, '64. 
Eugene Sullivan, March 22, '64. 
John B. Mitchell, Feb. 27, '64. 
James W. Daniels. 
Lewis S. Mickel, dis. July 19, '65. 
Abrani M. Dickinson, March 1, '64. 
James H. Tash, dis. March 24, '63. 
Charles G. Lorch, dis. Nov. 17, '62. 
Wm. O. Birch, dis. March 17, '63. 
John Schweible, Sept. 30, '61, trans, to V. R. C. 
Chas. Hoffman, died June 5, '64. of wounds. 
Geo. N. Cawman, killed May 8, '64. 
Robt. Alcorn, bugler, dis. Aug. 25, '62. 
Robert P. Craig, musician, dis. Nov. 10, '62. 



Charles Beyer, Sept. 30, '61. 

.\sa K. Harbert, dis. July IS, '6i>. 

Wm. H. Tonkin, wagoner, dis. Nov. 8, '64. 

I'rh'ale.-^. 
Charles Albertson, Jan. 3. '65, dis. May 22, '65. 
Edward L. Alvord, pro. Feb. 8, '64. 
Joshua Anderson. 
Frederick Babser, March 1, '()5. 
Joshua Ballinger, Sept. 2, '64, dis. June 14, '65. 
John Bennett. 

Hiram D. Beckett, Feb. 23, '64, trans, to Co. A. 
Smith Bilderbaek, i)r(i. Oct. S, '61. 
John Brady. 

Samuel T. Butcher, April 7, "65. 
Malachi Blackman, March 7, '65, trans, to Co. K. 
Albert C. Cawman, dis. Dec. 7, '65. 
.Tames V. Clark. 
John L. Cliti', Feb. 24, '65. 
John M. Clark, Jan. 17, '65, trans, to Co. C. 

Enoch Cordrey, dis. Dec. 7, '64. 

George Cortwright, Feb. 16, '64. 

William E. Creed, March 4, '64. 

John P. Crist, Feb. 23, '65. 

John M. Davis, Sept. 5, '64, dis. June 14, '65. 

Geo. 0. Davis, April 8, '()5, trans, to Co. A. 

Benj. H. Dilmore, March 29, '<15, trans, to Co. K. 

Josiah Dubois, trans, to V. R. C. 

Edward H. Davis. 

Philip Ebert, Sept. 30, '61, dis. Feb. 23, '65. 

Henry Eipert, dis. July 19, '65. 

James W. Elkiuton. 

Benj. Estilow, Feb. 6, '65. 

Henry Essex, April 8, '65, trans, to Co. A. 

Leo Eckert, Sept. 30, '61, died Sept. 11, '63. 

George B. Evans, Dec. 28, '63. 

Francis Fagan, April 6, '()5. 

Wm. Floyd, Sept. 2, '64. 

Fredk. Felney, dis. Nov. 19, '62. 

Bernard Fagan, April 12, '65, trans, to Co. F. 

Thomas Fannin, April 6, '65. 

Robert Green, Dec. 29, '63. 

Philip S. Garrison, Jan. 28, '64, dis. May 13, '65. 

Benj. Gill, dis. Nov. 18, '62. 

Thomas Grady, April 13, '65, trans, to Co. H. 

James Graham, Dec. 28, '65, trans, to Co. H. 

MaxGumpert, April 13, '65, trans, to Co. H. 

John Gorman, March 14, '64. 

Wm. P. Corliss, dis. Mar. 24, '63. 

Joshua D. Haines. 

Wm. A. Harper, Sept. 14, '(;4, dis. June 14, '65. 

James J. Harris, April 6, '65. 

Wm. H. Harris, Aug. .30, '64, dis. June 14, '65. 

John H. Hilyard. 

John W. Harbison, dis. March 24, '63. 

John H. Harvey, dis. Nov. 19, '62. 



124 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Henry A. Hartrantt, trans, to Co. D. 

James A. Hawthorne, April 13, '65, trans, to Co. H. 

Andrew J. Hanley, died Feb. 22, '65. 

Wni. G. Hartline," died Feb. 3, '63. 

Magnus Hepburn, died Oct. 16, '64. 

Wm. H. Hughes, March 1, '64, died March 12, '64. 

Enoch Irelan, Feb. 14, '63. 

Richmond Ireland, dis. Nov. 19, 't>2. 

John N. Johnson. 

Andrew Kauffman. 

Daniel Kelcher, April 6, '65. 

Nathan Kell, Feb. 24, '65. 

Thomas H. Kijer. 

Charles Klapproth, March !), '64, dis. July 19, '65. 

Charles Koarley, April 13, '65, trans, to Co. H. 

John Kingston, April 6, '65. 

Samuel M. Layman, dis. June 22, '65. 

Henry Loper, dis. Dec. 7, '64. 

George H. Lott. 

Thomas W. Lumis. 

Samuel Lester, dis. March 18, '63. 

Wm. B. Loper, dis. Nov. 19, '62. 

Ezekiel Madara, Nov. 10, '64. 

Joseph Madara, March 29, '65. 

Joseph Manderville, Feb. 10, '65. 

James P. Mattson, dis. Oct. 8, '64. 

Edmund L. Mattock, dis. Nov. 25, '62. 

Frank E. Mailey, March 6, '65, trans, to Co. D. 

George W. Matlock, March 7, '65, trans, to Co. P. 

James McCormick, March 31, '64. 

James McDonald, Feb. 15, '65. 

James McGhie, Feb. 8, '64. 

Wm. McLaughlin, Feb. 24, '65. 

James McClay, April 12, '65, trans, to Co. E. 

John McDonald, April 13, '65, trans, to Co. E. 

Robert McDonald, April 13, '65, trans, to Co. E. 

Henry McFerrin, Feb. 4, '65, trans, to Co. C. 

Wm. Measey, Feb. 10, '65. 

Charles B. Messick, dis. Nov. 19, '62. 

John Mctzler, April 13, '65, trans, to Co. H. 

Albert C. Mifflin. 

David T. Miller, Dec. 29, '63. 

John Miller, Sept. 30, '61. 

August Miller, April 12, '65, trans, to Co. A. 

David Morgan, Aug. 31, '64, dis. June 14, '65. 

John Morgan, Aug. 31, '64. 

Charles H. Miller, died Aug. 23, '64, 

Thompson Mosher, March 24, '64, dis. July 23, '65. 

Stephen M. Mosure, killed in action June 3, '64, 

Charles D. Multbrd, dis. Dec. 7, '64. 

John MuUer, Feb. 16, '64, dis. Sept. 29, '65. 

Daniel Myers, Sept. 24, '64, dis. June 14, '65. 

George M. Newkirk, Sept. 4, '65, dis. June 14, '65. 

John Newkirk. 

Wm. H. Nonamaker. 



August Noll, Feb. 12, '64, trans, to Co. A. 

Bernard O'Brien, April 12, '65. 

Christian Oatanger, dis. March 24, '63. 

John Ostertag, May 28, '62, dis. June 3, '65. 

James O'Neil, Feb. 6, '64. 

Stephen C. Park, Sept. 5, '64, dis. June 14, '65. 

Thomas Parsons. 

John A. Patton. 

Daniel Parr, Jan. 30, '64, died May 29, '64, ot wnds. 

Samuel Perkins, Feb. 14, '65. 

Eli B. Price, Feb. 16, '64. 

Reuben R. Pittman. 

John Powell. 

Albert Reis, Aug. 21, '62, dis. June 14, '65. 

Francis Reitz, Feb. 28, '65. 

Tylee Reynolds, Feb. 26, '64, dis. June 27, '65. 

Isaac Reeves, dis. March 24, '63. 

Irvin Rodenbough, Feb. 26, '61. 

Jacob Schmidt, Sept. 30, '61, dis. July 19, '65. 

Charles Schnabel, Feb. 6, '65. 

Philip Schmidt, Sept. 30, '61, dis. May 9, '63. 

Henry Scholz, July 21, '62, dis. May 7, '63. 

Henry Schra-der, April 8, '65. 

Charles Shepherd, pro. com. sergt. Jan. 1, '62. 

Arthur F. Shoemaker, Feb. 27, '64, dis. June24,'65. 

Jonathan ShuU. 

Andrew J. Shuller, Jan. 2S, '65, dis. May 27, '65. 

Francis H. Singwald, Feb. 28, '65. 

Samuel F. Staulcup, killed in action Dec. 16, '62. 

James W. Somers, Aug. 30, '64, dis. June 14, '65. 

Wm. C. Sparks. 

Francis C. Strawn, Aug. 31, '64, dis. June 14, '65. 

Wm. B. Stretch, Sept. 2, '64, dis. June 14, '65. 

Amos Strickland, Sej)t. 5, '64, dis. June 14, '65. 

Herman Steibertz, Sept. 30, '61, dis. Sept. 11, '63. 

Leonard Stoll, June 16, '62, dis. July 17, '63. 

Reuben Segraves, killed in action May 16, '64. 

John Sparks, died Nov. 15, '64. 

Wm. Speakman, Feb. 5, '64. 

John E. Taylor. 

Samuel B. Taylor. 

Charles Taylor, dis. July 23, '62. 

Wm. Thompson, Feb. 21, '65, dis. June 21, '65. 

Sylvester J. Tinsman, Feb. 16, '64, dis. Feb. 16, '65. 

George V. Townsend. 

George L. Tnrnbull, dis. Oct. 8, '64. 

Charles Vannanian, Feb. 24, '64. 

Smith B. Vining. 

Amos J. Van Gordon, Feb. 15, '64, dis. Aug. 2, '65. 

James Van Gordon, Feb. 15, '64. 

Aaron Vanculen, died Aug. 22, '63. 

Wm. Warlord, Feb. 15, '64. 

John Warple, dis. Nov. 7, '62. 

Paul Wax, April 13, '65, trans, to Co. H. 

John Walker, Sept. 30, '61. 



THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 



1-J5 



Frederick Weber, Sept. 30, '(>1. 

George L. Web.ster, Aug. 30, "li-l, dis. Juiu' 14, '(i'). 

Courad Weitzell, Aug. 30, '04, dis. .lunc 14, '05. 

John Welcli, April li, '05. 

Christian Wellendorf, Sept. 30, '01, dis. Doe. S. ■t;4. 

David Wensel, dis. Nov. 17, '62. 

Joseph West, dis. June 1, '63. 

Josiah Wensell, killed in action May HI, '04. 

Wm. Williams, dis. May 17, '62. 

George G. White, died April 18, '02. 

Fenwick A. Woodsides, Sept. I,'(i4, dis. July ir),'Or). 

Edward S. Woolbert, Feb. 27, '64. 

Augustus Reuiming, killed in action ]\ray lii,'04. 

Wm G. Youmans, Feb. 17, 'tl.'>. 

Isaac Zaues, died May 3, '02. 

Colonel Sa.muel Hufty, tlie son of 
Samuel and Jo.sephiue Rapiii^rcble Huf'ty, 
was born in Philadelphia January 1, 1834. 
He graduated from the High School of his 
native city and, after a year spent in Illinois, 
removed to Chester County, Pa., where he 
followed for eight years the life of an agri- 
culturist. Repairing in 1858 to Camden, he 
was employed in the capacity of clerk. Colo- 
nel Hufty, at the beginning of the war, in 
1861, enlisted as captain of (Jompany F, 
Ninth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
for three months, and joined tlie command of 
General Patterson in the Shenandoah Valley. 
At the expiration of his time of service he 
liecarae first lieutenant of Company I, Xinth 
Regiment New Jersey Volunteers, and was, 
March 9, 1862, made captain of the com- 
pany. On the loth of June, 186-1, he was 
promoted to the office of major of the regi- 
ment, and in February, 1865, was made 
lieutenant-colonel. He was mustered out on 
the 31st of July, 1865. Among the more 
important engagements in which he partici- 
[)ated were those at Roanoke Island, New- 
bern (where he was wounded). Fort Macon, 
King.ston (N.C.), Goldsboro' (N. C), Drury's 
Bluff, Cold Harbor, Petersburg (from June 
20 to August 16, 1864, where he was wound- 
ed by a sharpshooter), Wise's Forks (N. C.) 
and Goldsboro' (second), where he was 
provost-marslial and commanded the regi- 
ment. On liis di.scharge he engaged in tlie 



himbcr business in Somerset County, Md., 
and in 1872 (-ame to Camden. Colonel 
Hufty was, in 1877, appointed city auditor 
and received, in 1885, the appointment of 
(uty comptroller foi- three years from the ( 'ity 
< 'ouncil of Camden. 

Baldwin Hufty, the brother of ("oloue! 
Hufty, entered the service in 1861 as ser- 
geant, was made se(^ond lieutenant of (Jom- 
])any B, Third Regiment New Jersey Vol- 
unteers, and first lieutenant of Company E in 
1862. He was, November 26th of tiie same 
year, elected captain of Company I) of the 
Fourth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers, 
and made lieutenant-colonel of the regiment 
on the 28th of March, 1865. He partici- 
pated in nearly all the battles of the Army 
of the Potomac and was breveted colonel. 

TiiK Tenth RE(iiMENT. — This command 
was eventually attached to the First Brigade 
of New Jersey Volunteers. Companies A, E, 
H,and I, of it, were recruited in Camden 
County. It was created under authority 
from the War Department and recruited b\' 
Colonel William Bryan, of Beverly, again.-^t 
the wishes of Governor Olden, although it 
was named the " Olden Legion." His objec- 
tion was that the War Department issued the 
authorization direct to private individuals in- 
stead of through and to the officials of the 
State — a course wiiich had previously been 
unknown. The regiment proceeded to Wasii- 
ington December 2G, 1861. On January 29, 
] 862, the Governor finally accepted it as part 
of the quota of New Jersey, whereupon it was 
thoroughly reorganized and designated as tiie 
Tenth Regiment, and Colonel William R. 
Murphy appointed to it. In April, 1863, it 
was relieved from j)rovost dut)' in Washing- 
ton and sent to Suffolk, Va., where, on April 
23d and May 4th, it shared in the repulse of 
Lougstreet as a portion of Corcoran's brigade. 
Peck's division. Seventh Corps. In July it 
was ordered to Philadelphia in anticipation 
oi" a resistance to the draft, and remained 
tiicre two mouths. Its dre.ss parades were 



126 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



one of the shows of the city. In September 
it was moved to Pottsvilie, Pa., and spent 
the winter of 1863-64 in Schiiylkill, Carbon 
and Luzerne Counties repressing the Con- 
federate sympatliizers of the coal region, who 
were encouraging desertions, interfering with 
recruiting, interrupting mining operations 
and murdering men conspicuous for their de- 
votion to the Union. Colonel O. H. Ryer- 
son, who succeeded Murphy in command, 
was president of a commission which tried 
many of these offenders. During the winter 
the regiment re-enlisted and in April, 1864, 
joined the First Brigade at Brandy Station, 
Virginia, sharing in all its subsequent 
battles and losing Colonel Ryerson, who was 
mortally wounded in the Wilderness, on May 
6th. It saw some hard service, under Sheri- 
dan, in Shenandoah Valley. It was recruited 
before returning to Grant's lines in front of 
Petersburg, and with four hundral and fifty 
men in its ranks was mustered out at Hall's 
Hill, Va., June 22d and July 1, 1865. 

The Camden County companies of the 
Tenth were made up as shown by the an- 
nexed lists : 

COMPANY A, P'IRST REGIMENT NEW JERSEY VOL- 
IINTEERS. 

Capi<aiis. 
Isaac W. Wifkle, Oct. 17, '(Jl.died March 22, •02. 
Ephraim C. VVare, March 22, 'C2, dis. Oct. 22, '64. 
Joseph G. Strock, Feb. 11, '65, dis. July 1, '05. 

First Lieutenants. 
Philip :\I. Armington, Sept. 21,'01, res. Sept. 24,'01. 
Chas. V. C. Murphy, Apr. 17, '02, dis. Apr. 18, '65. 
James H. Jordan, June 2, '65, dis. July 1, '05. 

Secniid Lietiteiumt. 
Wni. C. Feiininiore, Oct. 17, '61, res. Feb. 22, '64. 

Firiit Sergeant. 
Benjamin \ Pine, Sept. 23, '01, pro. 2d lieul. Co. 
C Oct. 24, '63. 

Sergeants. 
Jeremiah Saunders, Sept. 7, '61, dis. .luly 0, '(iA. 
Thomas B, Bareford, Sejit. 10, '01, dis. Sep. 14, '01. 
Benjamin Wilson, Sept. 7, '61, dis, July 1, 'O.'i. 
Augustus C. Wilson, July 25, '02, dis. July 1, '05. 
Joseph M. Webb, Sept. 10, '01, dis. July 1, '05. 
Theodore Harrington, Aug. liVO:i, dis. July 1,'C5. 
Oliver H. Ritchson, Sept. 7, '61, dis Oct. 31, '03. 



William Rich, Sept. 7, '61, killed Aug. 17, '04. 
Howard Fisher, Oct. 2, '62, died Nov. 12, '04. 

Corponih. 
Hiram E. Budd, Sept. 21, '61, dis. Feb. 7, '64. 
James W. Fithian, Oct. 23, '61, dis. Oct. 22, '64. 
John Marshall, Sept. 10, '61, dis. Sept. 10, '64. 
Charles H. Small, Sept. 24, '61, dis. July 1, '05. 
James McGeever, Aug. 9, '04, dis. July 1, '05. 
Samuel B. Cambrou, Nov. 14, '01, dis. July 1, '05. 
John Kenny, May 9, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
John McMann, Sept. 21, '01, dis. July 1, '65. 
Ellis P. Whitcraft, Sept. 21, '01, dis. Feb. 10, '65. 
Wm. H. Jones, Oct. 23, '61, dis. June 8, '64, of wds. 
Philip F. Hilpard,Oct. 5, '61, died Oct. 5, '64. 
D. H. Holcomb.mus., Sept. 10, '61, dis. Sept. 10,'04. 
Wm. McOraw, mus., Dec. 4, '63, dis. July 1, '65. 
G. Hubbard, wag., Sept. 30, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
J. F. Kihnley, wag., Sept. 10, '65, dis. May 15, '62. 

Privates. 
Alonzo Allen. Feb. 1, '65, dis. .July 1, '65. 
Alfred Anderson, Sept. 21, '01, dis. Sept. 21, '64. 
Peter Ayres, Aug. 12, '62, dis. Nov. 11, '62. 
Thomas F. Asay,Nov. 30, '61, dis. Nov. 20, '64. 
Edward Ayres, Sept. 7, '61, died Dec. 10, '04. 
Louis Adams, Jan. 24, '(55. 
William Adams, Feb. 1, '65. 
Edward Archer, Sept. 21, '61. 
Charles Atkins, Jan. 24, 65. 
Herman Bolger, Jan. 24, '65, dis. June 20, '65. 
Francis Brennan, Jan. 24, '05, dis. July 1, '05. 
Fred. Brooklis, Jan. 23, '05, dis. July 1, '05. 
Henry Brown, Jan. 31, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 
John Brown, Jan. 23, '(i5, dis. July 11, '65. 
Daniel Burns, Feb. 10, '64, dis. July 1, '05. 
.lobn Wesley Burdon, Oct. 18, '01, dis. May 27,'(!2. 
(ieorge W. Brill, Feb. 25, '04, trans, to Co. I. 
John A. Brown, Jan. 24, '65, trans, to Co. H. 
Levi Butler, Dec. 20, '63, killed May 14, '64. 
.loseph Baker, Feb. 24, '64. 
James Barker, Feb. 6, '04. 
Robert P. Belville, Oct. 20, '61. 
John Boden, Feb. 11, "04. 
.I.ames Boyd, Jan. 5, '04. 
John Boyle, Dec. 5, '63. 
John Brennan (1), March 15, '64. 
.Tohn Brennan (2), Jan. 23, '65. 
John Brown, Jan. 5, '64. 
Walter Brown, Dec. 27, '63. 
Edward Bymer, Jan. 5, '64. 

Peter D.Cheeseman, Sept. 21, '61, dis. Sept. 28,'04. 
John A.Cole, Jan. 19, '04, dis. July 1, '65. 
John .1. (Countryman, Oct. 8, '62, dis. April 10, '63. 
Samuel Craig, Oct. 21, '01, died July 21, 03. 
Edward Campbell, Dec. 28, '03. 



THE WAR FOR THE TTNEON. 



127 



James Cavanaugh, Nov. 24, '(i8. 

John Clark, Aug. 22, '(33. 

Joseph C. Collins, Jan. 2, '64. 

John Cortwright, Dec. 24, '63. 

Charles Curtis, Dec. 16, '63. 

Wm. Davis, Feb. 16, '65, dis. July I. '65. 

John Doran, Jan. 31, '65, dis. .hily 1, '65. 

Owen Doyle, Nov. 2% '64, dis. Aug. 21, '65. 

Edward Daly, Aug. 16, '62, dis. July 21, '63. 

Edward Davis, Sept. 30, '61, killed July 13, '64. 

J.-hn Decker, Oct. 8, '62, died Jan. 14, '63. 

John Dawson, Nov. 25, '65. 

John Diginan, April 22, '64. 

Michael Dolehenty, Dec. 4, '63. 

Martin Doyle, Feb. 6, '64. 

Arthur Dolan, Jan. 31, '65. 

Emanuel Eck, Feb. 23, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 

Augustus Eck, Feb. 17, '64. 

Frederick Erickson, Dec. 11, '63. 

Herman Erickson, May 17, '64. 

John F;rle, Jan 19, '64. 

Peter Friend, Jan. 24, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 

Robert Fitzpatrick, Jan. 23, '65. 

(iideon C. Fletcher, Oct. 0, '(i2. 

.fames Flynn, Dec. 7, '63. 

Henry Frank, Oct. 28, '61. 

Louis Frank, Sept. 21, '61. 

John VV. Garwood, Sept. 7, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 

Thomas Geary, Dec. 15, '63, dis July 1, '61. 

Henry Goodman, Feb. 16, '64, dis. May 19, '65 

George Gould, Dec. 24, '63, dis. May 19, '65. 

Amos Gaunt, Oct. 7, "61. 

Daniel Gorman, Dec. 7, '()3. 

Joseph Gilhcart, Sept. 10, '61, dis. May 26, '62. 

Baptist Gra.st, Sept. 24, '61, dis. April 15, '62. 

Abraham Hardy, Dec. 29, '63, dis. July 1, '64. 

Thomas Hess, Sept. 21, '61, dis. July 1, '()3. 

Wm. H.H. Hawlings, Dec. 10, '61, dis. July 1,' 

Levi C. Huft; Dec. 24, '63, dis. July 1, '64. 

Geo. W. Hinchman, Sept. 7, '61, died July 5, '6 

Thomas Haley, Aug. Hi, '()2. 

John Hall, Mar. 21, '64. 

Joseph llaller, Feb. 26, 'M. 

Franklin J. Hart, March 14, '64. 

Charles Henry, F'eb. 17, '64. 

Ericks Herman, May 17, '64. 

John Hurly, Feb. 17, '64. 

(Jeorge Inman, Jan. 5, '64, died Feb. 24, '65. 

Gustavu.s Johnson, Dec. 11, '63, dis. Aug. 24, '6 

Henry Jones, Sept. 8, '63. 

William Jones, March 28, '64. 

John H. June, March 18, '64. 

James Kays, Dec. 29, '63, dis. July. 1, '65. 

Jonas R. Keene, April 15, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 

Peter Kennedy, Jan. 31, '65, dis. June 22, '65. 



Aaron Kihler, Jan. 26, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
Wm. F. Killip, Oct. 10, '61, dis. Sept. 10, '64. 
Watson King, Sept. 21, '(Jl, dis. May 27, '62. 
Louis Koenig, Oct 14, '61, dis. Jan. 29, '63. 
.lacob S. Kay, Oct. 14, '61, died Oct. 7, '64. 
Samuel Kell, Oct. 7, '61. 
IVter Kelly, Jan. 31, '65. 
William Kent, August 15, '64. 
Michael Love, Jan. 2, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
John M. Lutz, Sept. 10, '61, dis. Sept. 10, '64. 
Daniel Lutz, Nov. (i, 't!l, ilied June 24, '64. 
.Fames Leonard, August 15, '62. 
Charles Marshall, Sept. 10, '61, dis. Sept. 10, '64. 
Geo. H. Mcintosh, I'eb. 3, '64, dis. July 21, 'i\r,. 
Wm. H. McKeen, Sept. 21, '(!1, dis. July 1, '65. 
Aug. R. McMahon, June 14, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
Wm. Mershon, Feb. 2, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
Frederick N. Moore, Jan. 2, '64, dis. June 26, 'y\'^ 
Wm. H. Myers, Sept. 21, '61, dis. Sept. 21, '(;4. 
Daniel G. Miller, Nov. 21, '71, dis. April 10, '(i3. 
L. McConncll, Oct. 14, '61, died Dec. 5, '64, of wds 
Michael Maher, Jan. 28, '64. 
William H. Martin, March 21, '64. 
Daniel McCahill, Dec. 9, '63. 
Charles McCarthy, Jan. 31, '(!5. 
John B. IMcCord, Feb. 1, '(;5. 
John McGinnis, Sept. 14, "61. 
Thomas Meagher, Aug. 28, '63. 
Peter Jliller, Sept. 21, '61. 
John Morris, March 4, '64. 
Wm. O. Nelson, Feb. 2, '(i5, dis. July 1, '{)r^. 
Henry North, Sept. 24, '61, dis. Sept. 24, 'i;4. 
Henry Nichols, Sept. 21, '61, died March 28, '62. 
Abraham Palmer, Dec 4, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
Clayton Parker, Sept. 10, '61, dis. Sept. 10, '64. 
Henry Parker, Jan. 23, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 
James Peaden, Jan. 24, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 
Theodore Peeire, April 30, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 
John H. Piatt, Sept. 21, '61, dis. Sept. 21, '64. 
Samuel Pine, Nov. 9, '61, dis. May 21, '69. 
James Powderly, Aug. 16, '62, dis. June 22, '65. 
Jacob L. Parker, Sept. 10, '61, dis. May 24, '62. 
Jtdm H. Paul!, March 29, '64, dis. Jan. 26, '(i5. 
John B. Porter, April 5, '64. 
Thomas Rafferty, Dec. 4, '63, dis. July 1, '65. 
Wm. B. Reynolds, Sept. 7, '64, dis. June 13, '65. 
George Roseman, Nov. 23, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
Wm. B. Ryker, Dec. 24, '63, dis. June 14, '^\o. 
Samuel Roads, Feb. 16, '64, killed June I, '64. 
John A. Roary,Sept. 21, '61, died July 3, '64. 
Philip Rader, July 4, '62. 
.Tames Reynolds, Feb. 11, 64. 
William Robb, Jr., Sept. 10, '61. 
Samuel Sharp, Sept. 21, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
(\)rnelius Shea, Aug. 1, '63, dis. July 1,'65. 



128 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, ^sVAY JERSEY. 



John A. Simmerman, Sept. 7, '(il, dis. July 1, '65. 

Charle.s Sipe, Feb. 10, 'M, dis. July 1, T>r>. 

George Smith, Jan. 31, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 

John Smith, Jan. 31, '65, dis. July 1, '65, 

I^arkin Smith, Sept. 21, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 

Abraham Spargo, Dec. 24, '63, dis. July 1, '65. 

Charles Swain, Oct. 28, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 

.loseph E. Subers, Feb. 16, '64, died April 14, '64. 

Joseph Saulsberry, Sept. 21, '61. 

John Shelley, Feb. 1, '65. 

Henry W. Smith, Sept. 10, '61. 

Charles Springer, Jan. 21, '64. 

George Sprowl, Jau. 5, '64. 

Stephen Stimax, Sept. 21, '61. 

Christian W. Smith, Oct. 26, '61, trans, to V. R. C. 

Thomas Stevenson, Jan. 14, '64, dis. July 6, '65 . 

James Stewart, Aug. 25, '64. 

Thomas Sweeney, Jan. 24, '65. 

Frederick Taple, Sept. 24, '61, di.s. .Inly 1, '65. 

,Iohn Thompson, Dec. 24, '63, dis. July 1, '65. 

Edward Tobin, Dec. 24, '61, dis. July 1, '(i5. 

Eugene Taylor, Sept. 21, '(il , killed Sept. 1!>, '64. 

John W. Thomas, Sept. 21, '(U. 

Walter B. Thomas, Oct. 7, "61. 

W^illiara Thompson, Aug. 19, '63. 

Alfred Turner, Feb. 16, '64. 

John Twilagen, June 21, '()4. 

Israel E. Vanneman, Sept. 7, '61, dis. ,)iily 6, '65. 

John Volkert, Oct. 13, '61, dis. .luly 1, '64. 

William Vaukirk, Feb. 22, '64. 

John Watson, Sept. 21, '61, dis. May 6, '65. 

George Weiser, Sept. 10, '61, dis. April 24, '65. 

George Williamson, Oct. 14, '61, di.s. July 1, '65. 

Firth Wood, Sept. 21, '61, dis. May 6, '65. 

David Wells, Sept. 2), '61, died April 14, '63. 

Levi P. Wilson, Sept. 10, '61, died May 21, '62. 

Daniel R. Winner, Sept. 10, '61, died June 4, '63. 

Edward Wade, Aug. 1 9, '63. 

Joseph Wade, March 14, '64. 

George W. Wallace, Dec. 4, '63. 

Martin Walsh, .Ian. 31, '(>5. 

Moses Wells, July 10, '62. 

Isaac Williams, Jan. 23, '65. 

John Wells, Sept. 21, '61. 

David C, Yourison, Sept, 23, '61, died March 2, '62. 

Thomas Veach, Sept. 21, '61, dis. May 2, '65. 

( )!' lliis coiiipany, Scriioaiit Williiuii Rich 
was killed ill tlic hattlc uf AVin(!lie.«ter ; 
Privates I>cvi I'.iitier killed May 14, 1864, 
in Slicnaiuloah Valley; Sanuicl Roads killed 
June 1, 1804; Edward Davis killed in battle 
July i;d, 1864; Eufrene Taylor killed 8ep- 
teniberlt), 1864, 



COMPANY E, TENTH NEW .JERSEY VOI,UNTEERS. 

Cap(ai7is. 
George W. Scott, Jan. 21, '62, di.'*. Oct. 19, '65, 
John Wilson, Jan. 7, '65, dis. July 1,'65. 

First Lieutenants. 
Albert M. Buck, Dec. 10, '61, dis. Dec. 16, '64. 
Richard M. I'opham, Mar. 16; '65, dis. July 1,'65. 

Second Lieutenants. 
Joseph Miller, .Ian. 25, '62, resigned Jan. 29, '62. 
G. W. Hughes, Jan. 6, '65, p. 1st lieut. Co. H .Ian. 

23, '65. 
Richard J. Robertson, Feb. 1,'65, dis. July 1,'65, 

First Sergea7its. 
John B. Wright, Sept. 30, '61, pro. 2d lieut. Cn. K, 

.34th Regt., Nov. 10, '63. 
.1. 1). Richardson, Sept. 29, '61, p. com.-sergt. Sei)t. 

21, '64. 
James Nichols, Feb. 17, '64, dis. July 1, '6.5, 

Sergeants. 
Edward W. Venable, Oct. 31 , '61 , pro. 2d lieut. Co. 

B May 21, '65. 
WicklifF W. I'arkhurst, Nov. 9, '61, di.s. July 1, '65. 
Robert M. Hillman, June 23, '62, dis. July 1, 65. 
H. C. Snyder, Sept. 28, '61, died June 8, '64, of wds. 
T. B. Wescoat, Jan. 13, '62, died May 17, '64, of wds. 
William S. Cazier, Dec. 18, '61, died Aug. 19, '64, 

Corporals. 
Samuel H. Lees, Dec. 14, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
Jefferson S. Somers, Dec. 5, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
Mahlon S. Shrouds, Nov. 26, '61, dis, July 1, '65, 
Thomas Hartshorn, Feb. 29, '64, dis. July 1,'6.5. 
Horatio H. Snyder, Sept. 28, '61, di.s. Oct. 1,'64. 
Walter Drake, Feb. 29, '64, dis. June 20, '65. 
Charles A. Thorn, Sept. 7, '61, dis. June 2, '65, 
George W. Woodtbrd, Nov. 20, 61, dis. Nov. 30, '62. 
Riley Letts, Dec. 26, '61, dis. Nov. 9, '63. 
David Gifford, Nov. 26, '61, dis. June 21, '62. 
.lonathan W. Wescoat, Dec. 26, '61, died ,Ian. 7, '65. 
J. Stephenson, muc, Sept. 21, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
Samuel A. Webb, muc, Dec. 26, '61 , dis. July 5, '65. 
Wm. W. Chatten, muc., Dec. 26,'61, dis. Nov. 7, '62. 
Willi.am Conley, wag., Dec. 7, '61, died Mar. 12, '63. 

Privates. 
Thomas W. Adams, Feb. 27, '64. dis. July 1,'65. 
William L. Adams, Feb. 16, '64, dis. July 1,'65. 
,Ioseph Alexander, Feb. 27, '64, dis. July 1,'65. 
Isaac Andrews, Feb. 27, '64, dis. July 18, '65, 
Ebenezer Adams, Jan. 4, '64, dis. May 20, '65. 
Richard J. Al)bott, Jau. 13, '62, killed July 12, '62. 
Pitman Adams, Feb. 29, '64, died Sept, 18, '64, 
Robert Anderson, .Ian. 23, '65. 
William H. Anderson, Jan. 7, '65. 
Theodore Arringdale, Mar. 2, '64. 



THE WAE FOR THE UNION. 



120 



Henry Arneth, Dec. 17, 'fil. 
William Bartlett, Feb. 27, 'M, tlis. July 1, '6.5. 
William Bogarth, Dec. 2fi, '61, dis. July 1/65. 
Freeman Briggs, Feb. 24, '64, dis. May 30, '6."). 
Herman Bruusing, Nov. 18, '64, dis. June 19, '65. 
Isaiah Briggs, Feb. 10, '64, dis. Jan. 16, '65. 
Charles Brighton, Jan. 13, '62, dis. Jan. 15, '65. 
Henry Biggs, Dec. 23, '63, trans, to Co. I. 
Joseph Branson, Jan. 5, '64, trans, to Co. C. 
Edward Brown, .Tan. 4, '63, trans, to Co. D. 
.Tames H. Bergen, June 19, '62. 
.Tohn Berry, .Tan. 17, '63. 
Aaron V. Brown, Nov. 10, '62. 
Adolph Busa, Nov. 20, '61. 
.Toseph Cain, Jan. 4, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
David E. Clark, Jan. 4, '64, dis. .Tune 6, '65. 
Jonah N. Clark, Jan. 4, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
Thomas Coll, Jan. 22, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
Benjamin R. Couover, Feb. 27, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
Burris Conover, Dec. 14, '61, dis. .Tuly 1,'65. 
James Conover, Jan. 4, '64, dis. July 1 , '65. 
.Tesse Conover, Dec. 26, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
Pitman J. Conover, Dec. 14, '61, dis. July (i, '65. 
David Cline, Dec. 26, '61, dis. June 28, '62. 
Charles Conover, Dec. 23, '61, dis. Nov. 10, '(i2. 
Casper H. Cregg, Jan. 13, '62, dis. May 24, '(i5. 
.Tohn Cregg, Jan. 13, '62, dis. July 23, '63. 
Alden Clarke, Dec. 26, '61, dis. Feb. 4, '62. 
James Clark, Feb. 27, '64, killed in act. May 14, '64. 
Jesse H. Clark, Feb. 27, '64, died Feb. 11, '65. 
Robert S. Combs, Feb. 26, '64, died Aug. 17, '64. 
.lob C. Conover, Dec. 7, '61, died June 1, '64. 
Recompense Conover, Jan. 4, '64, died Dec. 1 1, '64. 
Martin Callan, March 31, '64. 
Isaac Cheesemau, November 12, '61. 
Somers Conover, Oct. 8, '61. 
John W. Davis, Sep. 29, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
Henry Distelhurst, Feb. 24, '64, dis. May. 30, '66. 
Daniel C. Doughty, Aug. 24, '63, dis. May 18, '65. 
Cornelius Duch, Jan. 4, '64, dis. June 9, '65. 
Jesse Dayton, Dec. 26, (il, dis. June 4, '62. 
Josiah Dilks, Dec. 5, '61, dis. Dec. 7, '63. 
.lonathan R. Dailey, Jan. 13, '62, trans, to V. R. C. 
William Duugla.'^s, Dec. 25, '61. 
William H. Emmons, Aug. 16, '62, dis. Aug. 18, '64. 
.Toshua Elberson, Dec. 9, '63, died June 22, '64. 
Wyckotl' Emmons, Jan. 13, '62. 
John H. Fielding, Feb. 8, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
William Fitzgerald, Jan. 14, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
John W. Forox, Feb. 24, '64, dis. .lune 9, '65. 
William B. Frazicr, Nov. 19, '61, dis. May 24, '64. 
Frederick Fosmer, Nov. 8, '61. 
William Garey, July 10, '62, dis. .July 1, '65. 
John L. Giftbrd, Nov. 26, '(!1, dis- June 8, '65. 
Joseph Garron, Dec 18, '()3, trans, to Co. B. 
17 



David Gifford, Jan. 24, '62, trans, to V. R. C. 
Oliver Goodnow, Jan. 5, '64, died Dec. 11, '64. 
.Toshua Gorton, March 3, '64, died Jan. 20, '65. 
John F. Grinder, Oct. 19, '61, died Sep. 3, "63. 
Charles Glenn, Aug. 24, '63. 
Henry Higbee, Feb. 26, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
Fred. Hillerman, July 10, '62, dis. July 22, '65. 
William D. Hoover, Feb. 27, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
Stephen H. Horn, Jan. 2, '62, dis. July 1, '65. 
John H. Hackett, Oct. 31, '61, dis. April 10, '63. 
Aaron Hoaglaud, Dec. 10, '61, dis. May 10, '62. 
Mahlon Horman, Dec. 5, '61, dis. .Tune 16, '(52. 
Charles H. Huntsman, Dec. 26, '61, killed in ;iclion 

Oct. 19, "64. 
Joseph Hays, Oct. 22, '61. 

Sydenham W. Houser, Feb. 25, Vi4, trans, to Co. I. 
John Hunt, Dec. 23, '63. 
Charles Jess, June 28, '62, dis. July 1, '65. 
Wesley Jess, July 7, '62, dis. .Tuly 1, '()5. 
Charles D. Johnson, Jan. 4, '62, "dis. July 1, '65. 
Nathan M. Jackaway, .Tune 13, '62, dis. Feb. 7, '63. 
William H. Jackson, Jan. 5, '64, died j\Iay 16, '64. 
William H. Johnson, Jan. 4, '62. 
Mahlon G. Kesler, Aug. 17, '63, dis. July 1, '65. 
William Kent, Aug. 15, '64, trans, to Co. A. 
J. Koerner, Nov. 26,'64,died Apr. 24,'65, of wounds. 
Martin Kenna, June 19, '62. 
John Kenty, Dec. 1, '61. 

.lames Lawrence, July 14, '62, dis. July 1, 't>i. 
Richard Leavy, Nov. 11, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
Joel D. Ledden, March 3, '64, dis. July 1, '(■>->. 
Gustave f^ueder, Nov. 17, '64, dis. .Tuly 1, '65. 
William Landon, Oct. 9, '62, dis. Jan. 10, '65. 
Joseph l>ee, Dec. 5, '61, dis. June 20, '62. 
.John liconard, Feb. 17, '64. 
Francis Lill, Feb. 25, '65, trans, to (Jo. I. 
Patrick McGrory, Nov. 29, '64, dis. June 26, '65. 
John McSorley, May 2, '62, dis. July 1, '65. 
Matthew Midgley, Nov. 23, '64, dis. July 1 , '65. 
.[ohn Misson, Aug. 19, '64, dis. .Tuly 1, '()5. 
Zedic E. Moore, Nov. 22, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
.(ohn Murray, Nov. 12, '64, dis. .Tuly 1, '()5. 
William A. Mason, Oct. 31, '61, dis. Nov. 4, '62. 
Major S. Mathews, Dec. 26, '61, dis. .Tune 21, '62. 
Robert Martin, March 8, '64, trans, to U. S. Navy. 
Richard F. Magee, Jan. 23, '62, died Oct. 31, '64. 
James 'McMullen, Feb. 23, '64, killeil in action 

May 14, '64. 
Charles C. Morgan, Oct. 19, '61, died Dec. 5, '64. 
Emanuel Miller, Aug. 30, '62. 
Romulus Morgan, Oct. 18, '62. 
George S. Nicholas, Nov. 13, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
Cornelius Post, Sep. 21, '64. dis. June 22, '65. 
Chris'er F. Pomeroy, Mar. 27, '63, trans to V. R. C. 
Mark Peachy, Nov. 19, '61, died Nov. 28, '64. 



130 



HISTORY OF CA3IDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Andrew J. Peck, Dec. 2'.», 'Gl, died Nov. 28, 'BZ. 

Thomas Peterson, Nov. 11, '61, died Jan. Itj, '62. 

Edward Perry, Dec. 19, '61. 

Thomas Phillips, Dec. 25, '61. 

John Prior, Sep. 16, '63. 

Aaron E. Reed, Feb. 27, '64, dis. .luly 1, '65. 

John Reed, Jan. 31, '65. 

Robert Reed, March 11, '61. 

David W. Rodman, Nov. 6, "61. 

William Rogers, Oct. 23, '62. 

Samuel Rose, Oct. 22, '61. 

Edward Riley, Feb. 2, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 

Patrick Riley, Feb. 2, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 

Charles J. Roberts, Feb. 2, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 

Alex. C. Robinson, Jan. 2, '65, dis. July 19, '65. 

Leverett G. Rogers, Feb. 2, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 

Wm. A. Roxbury, Aug. 10, '63, dis. July 12, '65. 

Benjamin F. Scott, March 6, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 

John Sears, Nov. 22, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 

John Seery, March 29, '64, dis. June 29, '65. 

John P. Shirley, March 11, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 

Milton D. Shirley, Feb. 10, '64, dis. July 13, '65. 

James M. Smallwood, Feb. 27, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 

Lewis S. Smith, Feb. 27, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 

John H. Sperry, Feb. 21, '63, dis. July 1, '65. 

Lemuel Springfield, Sep. 29, '64, dis. June 22, '65. 

Daniel C. Stebbins, Feb. 27, '64, dis. July 1, 'cr,. 

John Stewart, Oct. 29, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 

Mathias Switzer, Jan. 23, '62, dis. July 1, '65. 

Philip Shaw, Oct. 14, '61, dis. April 20, '65. 

John M. Smith, Sep. 29, '64, dis. May 15, "65. 

Risley Somers, Dec. 26, '61, dis. Feb. 9, '64. 

Jos. W. Smallwood, Feb. 27, '64, killed May 12. '64. 

Jonas Somers, Jan. 4, '64, died Aug. IS, '64. 

John Shields, Dec. 14, '63. 

Joseph Smith, Aug. IS, '63. 

William Stokley, Nov. 7, '61. 

Jesse Thomas, Jan. 4, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 

Charles B. States, Nov. 25, '61, dis. Nov. 25, '64. 

Philip A. Stephenson, June 22, '63, trans, to Co. H. 

.Tohii Thompson, Sept. 5, '64. 

John Tolan, Feb. 2, '65. 

A. T. Van Horn, Jan. 4, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 

N. L. Walters, Dec. 2, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 

John Weaber, Nov. 21, '64, disch. July 6, '65. 

A.sa M. Wilson, Jan. 23, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 

James Wright, March 1, '62, disch. July 1, •'65. 

John Wickam, Dec. 16, '61, disch. Feb. 9, '64. 

Thomas Wilson, Nov. 9, '61, disch. Feb. 23, '63. 

S. C. Winfield, March 30, "64, disch. Sept. 20, •(i4. 

Harrison Wilson, Feb. 27, '64, died May 8, '64. 

Joseph Weyman, Oct. 25, '62. 

Henry Williams, Feb. 2, '63. 

William Young, Dec. 9, '61, disch. .Inly 24, '62. 

Jacob Ziloll, Oct. 30, '62. 



Robert Zitell, Oct. .30, '62 

The following is a li.st of the killed of thi.s 
eompany : Privates, Richard J. Abbott, July 
12, 1862; James Clark, May 14, 1864, iu the 
Wilderne.ss; James McMullen, May 14, 1864; 
Joseph W. Smallwood, May 12, 1864; 
Charles H. Huntsmau, October 19, 1864. 

COMPANY H. 

Captains. 
J. R. Cunningham, Nov. 22, '61, resig. Mar. 16, '64. 
G. W. Hummell, April 22, '64, disch. May3,'65. 

First Lieutenant!!. 
W. R. Maxwell, Nov. 16, '61, pro. cai)t. Co. H, 4th 

Regt., Oct. 22, '62. 
Wm. H. Axe, Nov. S, '62, resig. Sept. 11, '63. 
Robert Love, April 22, '64, riae Hummell, pro. 
George Hughes, Jan. 30, '65, disch. July 1. '65. 

Second Lienfenantv. 
S. A. Steinmetz, Nov. 8, '62, pro. 1st lieut. Co. I 

Sep. 27, '63. 
.Joseph D. Smith, Oct 4, '63, disch. Jan. 2, '65. 
John B. Hoffman, Feb. 24, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 

Firxt /Sergeants. 
J. McComb, Oct. 31, '61, pro. 2d lieut. Co. E, 12th 

Regt., Aug. 22, '62. 
J. P. Newkirk, Oct. 28, '61, pro. 2d lieut. Co. C 

May 21, '65. 
John Sowers, Oct. 21, '61, disch. .Inly 1 , '65. 

Sergeants. 
John A. Mather, Oct. 21, '61 ; dis. Oct. 24, '64. 
R. J. Robertson, Oct. 29, '61, pro. 2(1 lieut. Co. E 

Jan. 23, 'li'). 
Silas Glaspey, March 7, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 
Lewis M. Perkins, Oct. 25, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
George W. Bowen, Nov. 24, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
(4eo. B. Anderson, Sei)t. 21, '61, disch. Oct. 5, '62. 
Thonuis H. Heward, Nov. 12, '61, died Feb. 28, '65. 
Charles E. Hugg, Nov. 12, '61, died Feb. 19, '65. 
Charles Ecky, Nov. 4, '61. 
Horace L. Haines, Oct. 25, '61. 
Corporals. 
.lohn Bradford, .June 26, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 
Richard Shimp, Nov. 8, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
John G. Stiles, Nov. 14, '61, disch. .luly 1, '65. 
Robert Sparks, Oct. 21, '61, disch. July 1, 't!5. 
Joseph Marshall, Dec. 26, '61, disch. July 1, '(i5. 
Nathan Campbell, Nov. 11, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
John Hildebrandt, Nov. 23, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
Charles E. Tomlin, Nov. 18, '61, disch. Feb. 18, '65. 
.\lbert Davis, Nov. 4, '61, trans, to V. R. C. 
Clayton Edwards, Oct. 26, '61. 
Edward Thornton, Oct. 31, '61. 



THE WAR FOR THE FNION. 



131 



Cliiirles Lewis, Nov. 9, 'til. 

Charles E. Hamblin, Nov. 22, 'lil. 

Henry Frost, June 2, '62. 

D. Crammer, muc, Sept. 21, 'Ol.disch. July 1, '05. 

C. M. Hoey, muc, Oct. 22, '61, discli. Nov. 21, '64. 

H. Deickman, muc, Jan. 24, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 

Ed. Schooley, wag., Nov. 20, '61, disch. July 1,'65. 

Prii-afes. 
A. H. Atkinson, Nov. 14, '61, disdi. Nov. 13, '64. 
W. M. Adams, Nov. 1, '61, trans, to Co. K. 
H. H. Archer, Oct. 28, '61, trans, to Co. G. 
John R. Anderson, Sept. 27, '62. 
Isaac A. Archer, Feb. 4, '64. 
Albert Beck, Jan. 29, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
Jacob Becker, Nov. 11, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
Thos. Black, June 16, '62, disch. June 22, 'i\^>. 
George Bradford, Nov. 4, '01, disch. July 6, '65. 
John Breyer, March S, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 
J. A. Brown, Jan. 24, '64, disch. Oct. 25, '65. 
A. W. Brown, Oct. 22, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
Salvatore Bruno, Jan. 24, '65, disch. July 1, '05. 
Michael Burn?, Jan. 24, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
Wm. Burroughs, Oct. 23, '01, disch. July 1, '65. 
James Braman, Sept. 30, '62, disch. Nov. 1, '62. 

C. Burke, Sept. 16, '62, trans, to civil authority. 
Wm. Bozarth, Feb. 23, '64, died May 22, '64. 
John G. Bishop, Nov. 19, '01. 

Peter Booze, Nov. 18, '61. 
Charles Boswick, Nov. 24, '61. 
Joseph Brown, March 15, '64. 
Wm. Brown, Jan. 21, '65. 

D. Campion, April 8, '65, disch. July 1, '05. 
James Ca-ssaday, Jan. 16, '65, disch. July 1, '05. 
F. J. Clarke, May 19, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 
Michael Cornell, Jan. 23, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
Howard Crawford, Jan. 24, '65, disch. June 13, '65. 
Thos. Colligan, Oct. 4, '62, disch. July 16, '64. 
Christian Crawley, Oct. 28, '61, trans, to Co. B. 
Somers Conover, Oct. 8, '61, trans, to Co. E. 
John Coats, Dec. 1, '61, died Oct. 10, '62. 
Daniel D. Carpenter, Oct. 25, '61. 

John Cooley, March 10, '62. 
Joseph Cooper, Nov. 13, '61. 
Richard S. Cooper, Oct. 25, '61. 
George Costabatter, Jan. 23, '65. 
Charles Curtis, Jan. 23, '65. 
George Daisey, Jan. 23, '65, disch. June 13, '65. 
Wesley Dare, July 2, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 
Fred. Diehr, April 6, '65, disch. June 30, '05. 
Jacob Draybach, Jan. 24, 'ii5, disch. July 1, '05. 
Joseph Dente, Nov. 12, '61, disch. Aug. 23, '02. 
Henry Disbrow, Oct. 28, '61, disch. Oct. 31, '62. 
Wm. Dorrington, Nov. 24, '61, disch. July 23, '62. 
Frank Dunn, March 8, '64. 



Henry Durling, Oct. 23, '61. 

John Eagen, Jan. 24, '65, disch. July 1, 05. 

Jacob Eishorn, Jan. 23, '(55, disch. .luly 1, '65. 

Alfred S. Ellison, Feb. 19, '61. 

William C. Elwell, Oct. 31, '61. 

Fred. Falkenburg, Jan. 23, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 

Mesick P. Fish, Oct. 25, '61, disch. April 26, '65. 

William C.Fisher, Sept. 14, '61, disch. Aug. 8, '62. 

George Frey, Sept. 25, '62, disch. Jan. 13, '66. 

John R. Farquhar, Oct. 23, "lil. 

David Fee, Nov. 8, '61. 

John R. Freeman, Jan. 24, 'ori. 

John Fry, March 1, '04. 

Anthony Garvin, Oct. 6, 'lil, disch. July 1, '(i5. 

Edward Gottwald, Jan. 23, 'ivt, disch. July 1, '65. 

Thomas (iauuon, Oct. 17, '61, trans, to Co. K. 

Jeremiah Gaskill, Nov. 1, '01, trans, to Co. K. 

Jacob Gammell, June 20, '62, killed June 8, '61. 

William Hack, Jan. 24, '05, disch. July 12, '65. 

Frederick Hallman, Jan. 24, '05, disch. July 1, '65. 

Edgar Hartley. March 1, '64, disch. June 13, '65. 

Isaac G. Hays, Dec. 5, '01, disch. July 1, '65. 

Thos. Heatherly, Jan. 24, '(!5, disch. July 19, '65. 

Conrad Hester, Jan. 24, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 

Lewis C. Heirs, Oct. 31, '61, disch. July 12, '65. 

Edwin B. Heirs, Oct. 31, '01, disch. July 12, '05. 

George Heimer, Feb. 11, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 

Charles Hays, Sept. 3, '02, disch. Nov. 1, '(i2. 

Henry Heap, Nov. 5, '61, disch. Aug. 23, '04. 

William Hornby, Nov. 24, '61, disch. July 15, '62 

Aaron Hess, Sept. 14, '01, died June 14, '04. 

John Henderson, Jan. 24, '65. 

Charles Higgins, Jan. 21, '65. 

James Hill, Feb. 9, '64. 

John Hoffman, Jan. 30, '65. 

John J. Hamilton, Feb. 22, '64. 

Charles Irwin, June 20, '62, di.sch. June 17, '65. 

John Jacobs, Jan. 23, '65, disch. July 5, '65. 

John A. Janvier, Feb. 13, '64, disch. July 1, '05. 

Thomas Johnson, Jan. 23, '05, disch. July 1, '05. 

Henry James, Jan. 31, '05. 

John James, Jan. 23, '65. 

James Jamison, March 14, '64. 

Disere Jeror, Feb. 2, '64. 

Peter Johnson, Feb. 1, ^6^i. 

Thomas Jones, Feb. 28, '(i4. 

James Karns, July 2, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 

Wm. C. Kemble, Jan. 12, '62, disch. Jan. 12. '64. 

Ludwig Klein, A])ril (;, 'i\7>, disch. July I, '&:k 

Joseph Kellcy, Feb. 2, '05. 

Thomas King, March 14, '64. 

Elmer Johnston, April 1, '64, disch. Aug. 10, '05. 

Alfred L. Hartmau, Oct. 28, "01, trans, to Co. K. 

Henry Henderson, Feb. 2, '04. 

Leonard Hirsch, Nov. 1, '01, trans, to Co. B. 



132 



HISTORY OF OAMDKN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Charles Lauer, April <!, '(!5, disch. July I/O."!. 
John A. Lauer, Aug. 9, '64, diach. June 22, '()P>. 
Elias Lefferts, April 28, '62, disch. May 24, '65. 
Wm. B. Lancaster, Feb. 21, '64, died Sept. 15, '64. 
Samuel Lindsey, Jan. 29, '64, died June 9, '64. 
William Lawrence, April 26, '64. 
Charles H. Loyd, Feb. 1, '64. 
N. G. Maling, Jan. 25, -64, disch. July 1, '65. 
T. H. Maling, Jan. 25, ■<;4, disch. July 1, '65. 
James McCarty, Jan. 24, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
W. S. Metier, Aug. 9, '64, disch. June 22, '65. 
Martin Miller, Dec. 1, '61, disch. July 12, '65. 
Joseph Mitchell, April 10, '65, disch. July 1. '65. 
Charles Moore, Sept. 27, '62, disch. Nov. 1, '62. 
(Jharles Merrill, May 10, '62, trans, to V. R. ('. 
W. G. Miller, Oct. 25, '61, died July 25, '63. 
Christopher Myers, Nov. 19, '61, died April 6, '64. 
Daniel Mailing, March 15, '64. 
Thomas McCauley, Jan. 23, '65. 
Henry McGinnis, Nov. 5, '61. 
Thomas McGuire, May 19, '62. 
Hugh Mclntire, Nov. 5, '61. 
Isaac McKinley, Nov. 19, '61. 
John McVey, Feb. 4, '64. 
Thomas Meh.-r, Nov. 19, '61. 
James Morris, Jan. 23, '65. 
William C. Morris, Oct. 25, '61. 
Robert O. Mullinoux, Nov. 16, '61. 
John Murry, March 15, '64. 
M. Nausbaum, Jan. 23, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
Wm. Newton, Nov. 4, '61, disch. May 17, '62. 
Albert J. Nichols, Nov. 5, '61, disch. July 8, '62. 
Jacob Newman, Feb. 2, '64, trans, to Co. I. 
Henry H. Nichols, Oct. 31, '61, died Mar. 14, '65. 
Stockton C. PuUen, Oct. 28, '61, dis. June 13, '65. 
Benjamin Pine, Oct. 31, '61, dis. Nov. 1, '62. 
Jacob F. Parker, Aug. 9, '64, dis. May 5, '65. 
Ephraim Palmer, Oct. 31, '61, died March 21, '63. 

E. D. Patterson, Nov. 5, '61, died May 14, '64. 
James O'Brien, March 15, '64. 

Martin F. Regan, July 21, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 

F. J. Reinfried, Oct. 22, "61, disch. July 6, '65. 
P. J. Romer, Nov. 21, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
William Ross, Oct. 25, '61, trans, to Co. L 
David B. Russell, Jan. 3, '64, died Dec. 19, '64. 
Patrick Ratchford, Jan. 24, '65. 

John Repshure, Nov. 1, '61. 
John R. Richardson, Nov. 22, '61. 
William Ryan, Mar. 23, '64. 
Edward N. Sapp, Oct. 28, '61, disch. Oct. 27, '64. 
Henry Schrame, Feb. 1, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
John A. Smith, Feb. 2, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
A. H.Stillwell, Sept. 21, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
Theo. F. Strahmire, Dec. 31, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
John Straway. Feb. 27, '64, disch. June 14, '65. 



James Sayers, Oct. 31, '61, disch. April 22, '62. 

Isaac Shute, Nov. 14, '61, disch. Oct. 2, '62. 

George Smith, Aug. 27, '62, disch. Nov. 4, '62. 

William Stewart, Aug. 28, '61, disch. Dec. 26, '61. 

Charles C. Stitzer, Nov. 4, '61, disch. Dec. 26, '61. 

James W. Smith, June 26, '62, trans, to Co. C. 

Thomas Stiles, March 5, '64, disch. July 24, '65. 

W. Saulsbury, Sep. 14, '61 , killed in act. May 12, '64. 

P. Stephenson, Nov. 13, '61, kd. in act. June 3, '64. 

Gottlieb SchaetFer, March Ki, '64. 

Henry Schwartz, Feb. 2, '64. 

George Shear, Nov. 24, '61. 

Patrick Simon, March 20, '64. 

James Sullivan, Sept. 30, '62. 

John W. Taylor, March 7, '64, disch. .luly 1, '65. 

John Tracy, Feb. 26, '64, trans, to X. K. C. 

Frederick Taylor, Oct. 25, '61 . 

Henry Thompson, March 5, '64. 

Henry Thompson, Sept. 27, '62. 

Matthew Thune, Feb. 26, '64. 

Francis Tounge, May 19, '62. 

William H. Treen, Oct. 23, '61. 

Peter Van Patten, Oct. 4, '61, di.sch. Nov. 1, '62. 

Henry Van Gei.son, Oct. 17, '61, trans, to V. R. C. 

George Ward, Jan. 29, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 

Martin Ward, Feb. 2, '65, disch. June 13, '65. 

E. S. Warford, Sept. 12, '61, disch. Sept. 12, '64. 

Thomas Wells, April 8, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 

J. W. Wilson, March 10, '62, disch. March 10, '65. 

John T. Wilson, Feb. 26, '(i4, disch. July 6, '65. 

W. B. Warford, Sept. 21, '61, disch. Jan. 30, '63. 

C. Winckler, Feb. 24, '64, killed in act. June 1 , '64. 

Richard Wally, Oct. 25, '61 . 

William Ward, Oct. 24, '61. 

John H. Watson, Aug. 20, '63. 

Charles Welsh, Jan. 31, '65. 

The killed who belonged to tlii.s company 
were William Saulsbury, May 12, 18(34; 
Jacob Gamewell, June 8, 1864 ; Philip Stev- 
enson, June 3, 1864 ; Charles Winckler, June 
1, 1864 — all privates. 

COMPANY I, TENTH REGIMENT, NEW JERSEY VOL- 
UNTEERS. 

Captains. 
John Coates, Nov. 26, '61, disch. March 6, '62. 
James R. Stone, March 15, '62, disch. Aug. 23, '62. 
William H. Franklin, Oct. 10, '63, dis. July 1, '65. 

First Lieutenants. 
Charles F. Stone, Oct. 15, '61, disch. March 4, '62. 
John S. Cooper, March 31, '62, res. July 31, '63. 
Savillion A. Steinmetz, Oct. 4, '63, dis. May 6, '65. 
Charles A. Austice, June 10, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 



THE WAR FOK TUK UNION. 



133 



Second LivulenmiU. 

Jacol) M. Sharpe, Nov. •ilJ, '(il, res. March il, '6t. 

R. D. Mitchell, Apr. 21, "62, pr. 1st. licut. ( 'o. 1. 2il 
Cav. Regt. Aug. 2G, '(i3. 

Richard A. Herring, Oct. '■'>, '(i:i, com. Ist. lieiit. 
Co.G, Oct. 24, '(JS. 

Adolphus Yuncker, Feb. 1, '(>'), 2d lieut. vire Her- 
ring disch. 

Sergcdiits. 

(ieorge Burushouse, Oct. 21, "Gl, disch. Oct. 21, 'lU. 

Pitney Wilson, Sept. 24, '61, disch. May 5, 't)2. 

Miles G. Sparks, Sept. 30, '(il , disch. Feb. ti, '(it;. 

James R. Jobes, Sept. 27, '(il, disch. Sept. 27, '64. 

Francis B. Abbott, Oct. 8, '(il, disch. Nov. 26, '64. 

George A. Hiles, Dec. 1, '61, disch. Nov. 30, '64. 

James G. Wisner, Aug. 14, '63, disch. July 1, '65. 

Robert B. Saudford, Dec. 5, '64, disch. July l,'6r). 

John Moran.Sept. 9, '61, disch. July 1, 'i)5. 

Charles Brooks, Nov. 25, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 

Isaiah Abbott, Sep. 19, '61, disch. .laii. is, '(12. 

Starr G. Holly, Nov. 14, '61. 

( 'orpurak. 
James R. Purcell, May 30, '()2, disch. July 1, '65. 
Sydenham W. Houser, Feb. 25, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
John Hunsinger, Sept. 19, '61, disch. Oct. 21, '64. 
John Nelling, Oct. 21, '61, disch. Nov. 11, '<!4. 
Daniel Carey, June 12, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 
George Taylor, Dec. 3, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
Charles Cross, Nov. 23, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
Enoch Edwards, Dec. 1, '64, disoh. July 1, '65. 
Henry B. Simpson, Feb. 24, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
John Hayson,(Jct. 21, '61, disch. Oct. 21, '64. 
Abraham Hackman, Oct. 14, '61, dis. May 4, '62. 
Richard A. Spain, Oct. 7, '61, disch. May 5, '62. 
Frederick H. Leach, Sept. 9, '61, tr. to V. R. C. 
Hedger C. Pierce, Sept. 23, '61, tr. to V. R. C. 
Edwin Holly, Nov. 19, '61, died Jan. 31, "62. 
Charles Wilson, Sept. 27, '61. 
James Gardner, Sept. 27, '62. 
W. S. Leach, muse, Sept. 19, '61, dis. Mar. 5, '62. 

Privates. 
Evan Armster, Nov. 11, "64, disch. July 1, '65. 
Peter Adshead, Sept. 27, '61, disch. June 27, '62. 
George Arp, Mar. 1, '64, disch. Jan. 7, '65. 
Henry T. Ainesworth, Aug. 26, '63. 
James Anderson, Aug. 26, '63. 
Henry Atkins, Apr. 15, '64. 
George P. Beach, Sept. 8, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 
John Bock, Nov. 18, '64, disch. July 1, (i5. 
William Bradenbach, Feb. 1, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
George W. Brill, Feb. 25, '64, disch. June 13, '65. 
Harvey V. Burch, Feb. 25, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
Henry S. Butcher, Nov. 24, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
John Brownlie, Jan. 30, '63, disch. Oct. 31, '63. 



tJeorge F. Bird, Oct. 21, '61, tr. to V. R. 0. 

John Boyle, Dee. 21, '64, tr. from Co. F, 4lh Regt. 

Lewis Beebe, Nov. 2, '61, died .Vug. 1, '63. 

Henry Biggs, Dec. 23, '63, died Aug. 2, '64. 

Daniel O. Brown, July 14, '(;2, died .May 14, '64. 

George Barry, Oct. 17, '62. 

Patrick Barry, Jan. 12, '64. 

William Bell, Dec. 1, '64. 

August Bertrand, Nov. 28, '64. 

Sufl'rey I. Blank, Sept. 27, '61. 

.lohn Brine, Mar. 30, '64. 

Joseph Brooks, Aug. 10, '63. 

Charles H. Brown, Jan. 1;{, '63. 

Harrison Brown, March 14, '(i4. 

Henry Bryan, Jan. 21, '63. 

James Buckley, Jlarch 1, '()4. 

Peter Butler, March 1, '64. 

Samuel Boyer, Sept. 2, '62. 

Reuben Camp, Nov. 28, '64, disch. July 13, '65. 

Henry Campbell, Jan. 2, '64, disch. June 22, '65. 

William Carson, Nov. 29, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 

Peter Chekle, Nov. 22, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 

Morris Crater, Feb. 27, '()4, disch. July 1. '65. 

Peter Crown, Jan. 2, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 

William Culver, Nov. 6, '61, disch. Nov. 18, '(i4. 

.lohn Cline, Oct. 3, '61, disch. Dec. 6, '62. 

Peter Cody, Sept. 13, '(!4, tr. to Co. K, 15th Regt. 

William B. Cook, Aug. 20, '(i2, tr. to V. R. C. 

John Crater, Feb. 27, '64, died Jan. 12, '*if> of wds. 

Thomas Cregg, Oct. 21, '61, died Nov. 25, '64. 

Robert Camblass, Nov. 2, '61. 

Charles T. Carr, Jan. 27, '64. 

Dennis Cavanaugh, March 30, '64. 

Thomas Clayton, Sept. 27, '61. 

Lewis C. Coates, Nov. 7, '61. 

James Cooley, Sept. 27, '61. 

Richard Coplis, March 13, '63. 

Jacob Decker, March 31, '(i5, disch. July 1, '65. 

John Donnell, Nov. 17, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 

Augustus H. Dorland, Feb. 27, '64, died Aug. 9, '64. 

Robert Dresser, Sr., Oct. 28, '61, died Jan. 25, '63. 

.lames Dagnan, March 23, '64. 

Francis Darrin, Aug. 1, '68. 

Joseph Davis, Sept. 27, '61. 

Thomas Davis, Aug. 19, '63. 

Henry Deuring, Aug. 10, '()3. 

Francis Donnegan, .Jan. 16, '63. 

Robert Dresser, Jr., Nov. 19, '61. 

William Duffy, Sept. 24, '61. 

William Dugan, .lune 4, '(i2. 

Clarkson F. Dunham, (Jet. 29, '61. 

Peter Eckersly, April 1, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 

M. Englebrechtem, Nov. 18, '64, dis. ,)uly 1. '65. 

James M. Everett, Sept. 7, '61, disch. Sept. 20, '64. 

Jeremiah Emmons, Oct. 24, '61, disch. May 2, '62. 



134 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Aaron Emory, Oct. 6, '62, died Nov. 3, 'G4, of wds. 

Redmond Emmons, Oct. 21, '(il. 

Fritz Fisiier, Dec. 3, '04, diseli. July 1, '65. 

Samuel G. Foster, Aug. 22, '63, disch. July 1, 'Go. 

Daniel C. Fowler, Dec. 23, '63, disch. July 1, '65. 

Wm. W. Frazer, Oct. 16, '61, disch. March 3, '62. 

Josiah Ford, Oct. 21, '61, died Jan. 20, 18G2. 

Thos. Ford, Oct. 21, '61, died July 1, '64, of wds. 

David Farlen, Sept. 8, '63. 

Hiram Fish, October 24, '61. 

Jacob Gibson, Nov. 19, '61, disch. July G, 'G5. 

Samuel Goff, Oct. 21, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 

Martin Gallagher, Nov. 30, 'G4. 

John Gill, Oct. 5, '64. 

Raymond Graff, Feb. 1, '6r>. 

Robert Green, Jan. 17, 'G3. 

Juo. F. Hamilton, Sept. 19, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 

Isaac Harris, Nov. 28, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 

John Hart, Dec. 23, '63, disch. May 22, 'G5. 

David Hays, Nov. 28, '64, disch. June 16, '65. 

Mich'l Hennessy, Nov. 26, '64, disch. July 1, 'Go. 

Silas Hoffman, Nov. 8, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 

James Hudson, Nov. 25, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 

Wm. H. Hulshart, Nov. 29, '64, disch. .July 1, 65. 

Geo. Hamilton, Sept. 27, '61, disch. Feb. 22, '62. 

Simeon Hammil, Oct. 14, '61, disch. Aug. 28, '62. 

Thomas Harra, Nov. 5, '61, disch. May 5, '62. 

Stille C.Hendrickson, Oct. 1, '61, dis. June 18, '64. 

E. Helfreich, Sept. 25, '64, trans, to Co. E, 4tli Rcgt. 

A. Helstein,Sept. 24, '64, trans, to Co. B, 4th Regt. 

J. Helstein, Sept. 24, '64, trans, to Co. B, 4th Hegt. 

Edwin Haight, Aug. 26, '63. 

Francis Hamilton, Feb. 3, '63. 

James Harris, Oct. 11, '62. 

Jacob Hawk, Oct. 19, '61. 

Zachary Hess, Aug. 14, '62. 

Albert Higgins, Aug. 27, '62. 

William Hill, Aug. 19, 'G3. 

John S. Hosea, Feb. 2, '63. 

Christian Jensen, Nov. 17, '64, disch. July 7, 'H'k 

Joseph Johnson, Jan. 2, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 

Franklin Jones, Nov. 28, '64, died. May 19, '65. 

Albert Jacques, Oct. 29, '61. 

Lawrence Jenkins, March 31, 'G5. 

Richard Kelly, Nov. 28, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 

Andrew Kelstram, Nov. 17, '64, disch. July 7, '65. 

Lorenzo D. Kemple, Sept. 8, '63, trans, to Co. C. 

Michael Kearcher, Feb. 15, '64. 

Edward Kelly, Aug. 13, '63. 

Jesse Kemball, Aug. 27, '63. 

John King, Feb. 3, '63. 

William Knight, Oct. 17, '62. 

Daniel D. Layton, May 8, '63, disch. July 1 , 't;5. 

James Lingham, Nov. 25, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 

Hugh Lippincott, Oct. 3, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 



Henry Logan, Nov. 12, '64, disch. July 1, 'G5. 

Francis Lill, Feb. 25, '64, di.sch. Mar. 27, '65. 

P. Louderman, Sept. 24, '64, trans, to Co. B, 4th Rt. 

E. Ludwig, Sept. 24, '64, trans, to Co. B, 4th Regt. 

George B. Land, Sept 24, '61, died Oct. 12, '62. 

Jacob K. Lipsey, Oct. 21, '61, disch. Feb. 7, 'G5. 

Robert Lane, Feb. 5, '63. 

Charles .T. Livingston, Aug. 17, '63. 

Ale.i^ander Lynch, Nov. 12, '61. 

Hiram Lynch, Nov. 12, '61. 

Joseph Love, September 30, '62. 

John Maloy, Nov. 22, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 

.loseph Marshall, Nov. 29, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 

John Mason, Nov. 25, '64, disch. July 25, '65. 

John F. McDonald, Jan. 10, '63, disch. July 1, '65. 

Benjamin Mingen, Nov. 29, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 

Frank Mitten, Feb. 1, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 

Wni. II. Mitten, Dec. I, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 

John Murphy, Jan. 30, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 

Thomas Mason, Nov. 2, '61, disch. March 5, '62. 

George May, Nov. 15, 'G2, disch. April 10, '63. 

Patk. McDonough. Nov. 8, '61, disch. June 27, '62. 

William Miller, Nov. 18, '61, disch. June 6, '62. 

Edward McElroy, Aug. 17, '63, died Sept. 6, '64. 

D. McFagan, Nov. 1, '64, died Nov. 29, '64, of wds. 

F'elix Mullen, Oct. 22, '61, died April 15, '65. 

John Major, Aug. 20, '62. 

Jeremiah Maloney, Dec. 2, '64. 

Augustus Martin, Nov. 23, "61. 

Thomas Martin, April 2, '64. 

John McLoy, Oct. 17, '62. 

.lohii Meade, Aug. 26, '63. 

Joseph Miller, Aug. 19, '62. 

James Morgan, Oct. 18, '62. 

Thomas Murphy, Jan. 31, '65. 

Victor Nizou, Nov. 22, '64, disch. Aug. 3, '65. 

James Nolan, Dec. 6, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 

Henry Nickuni, Oct. 22, '61, disch. March 5, '62. 

Daniel Ogburn, Aug. 27, '62, died Nov. 11, '64. 

Michael O'Brien, Aug. 26, '63. 

John B. Ogburn, Aug 27, '62. 

Henry B. Pa.xton, Oct. 19, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 

Taylor Phifer, Nov. 28, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 

James Pharo, Nov. 15, '61, disch. June 1, '62. 

George Reinecker, Jan. 30, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 

John Robinson, Sept. 24, '61, disch. April 10, '63. 

William Ross, Oct. 25, '61, trans, to V. R. C. 

Henry Ramsey, Oct. 25, '61. 

William W. Randies, Sept. 27, 'iH. 

Joseph M. Ray, Aug. 28, '63. 

Charles Reilly, Aug. 26, '63. 

John Robinson, Nov. 25, '64. 

William Robinson, Aug. 1, '63. 

George Rodman, Aug. 19, '()3. 

John Scheeper, Feb. I, "65, disch. July 1, '65. 



THE WAE FOR THE UNION. 



135 



Alfred Sellers, Nov. 30, 1864, disch. July 1, 't!'). 

Eph. L. Smith, Sept. 27, '61, disch. July 1, '(io. 

Josiah Sawns, Sept. 30, '61, disch. Aug. 2'i, '62. 

.loaeph Si'hoiier, Sept. Irt, '61, disoh. Sept. •'!, '63. 

.lohii Sturges, Oct. 7, 01, disch. May S, '62. 

\y. Searchfield, Oct. 25, '62, trans, to 1st Rt. D. C V. 

T. Shields, Sept. 8, '61, killed in action Aug. 17, ■(;4. 

Nicholas Sidell, Sept. 24, '64 ; died Oct. 26, 'M. 

Mayab Sliuin, Sept. 24. '61 ; died Nov. l.S, '64. 

\Vm. Spargo, Jan. 2, '64; died July 23. '6)4. 

Dennis Sullivan, Nov. 28, '64; died April It, 'ri.''). 

Bcnj. Sailor, Feb. '25, '64. 

James Sinclair, Nov. ■'>, '61. 

John Sinclair, Sept. 8, '61. 

VA. Smith, March 1, '04. 

Edward C. Smith, Oct. 21, '61. 

Henry Smith, Sept. 2, '63. 

John Smith, March 3, '0'>. 

Samuel Smith, Nov. 7, '62. 

James Snow, Oct. 21, '61. 

A. H. Titus, Sept. 30, '61 ; dis. Sept. 20, '64. 

Constant Tolaus, Nov. 28, ■(!3 ; dis. July 1, "(i'l. 

James Traverse, Jan. 30, 'ii't ; dis. July 1, '6.5. 

.Jacob Thomas, Oct. 7, '61 ; died March 6, '65. 

Geo. Thompson, Feb. 1, '65. 

Jcihn Tracy, Feb. 26, '64. 

Wui. Tome, Sept. 22, '64; trans. Co. D, 4lli Regt. 

Robt. Trafl'y, Sept. 26, 'iirt; trans. Co. B, 4tb Regt. 

Geo. Trader, Jan. 27, '64. 

Wm. Truitt, Aug. 19, '63. 

Charles Vanosell, Oct. 30, '61. 

Charles Waisse, Jan. 30, '65; dis. July 1, '65. 

Samuel Webb, Dec. 23, '63; dis. July 1, '65. 

Richanl Welsh, Mar. 30, '65; dis. July 1, '65. 

John Wiley, Nov. 11, "64 ; dis. July 1, '65. 

Charles Williams, Nov. 16, '64; dis. July 1, 'i'<-''i. 

Robt. Williams, Jan. 30, '65 ; dis. June 20, '65. 

.Idhn Wilkins, Nov. 19, '61 ; dis. March 5, '62. 

.Ids. B. Wolcott, Aug. 1(), '62; trans, to V. R. C. 

.liihn Woodbine, Dec. 1. '64; traus. to Co. C. 

Henry Woodward, April 12, '65 ; trans, to Co. C. 

Sam'l B. White, Oct. 21, '61 ; died Feb. 5, '62. 

Owen Williams, Aug. 26, '(53 ; died July 2i;, '64. 

Francis Watkins, Aug. 1, '63. 

•Tohn Welch, March 13, '63. 

Samuel Wheaton, Nov. 2, '62. 

George Whittaker. Sept. 30, '61. 

Charles L. Willey, Sept. 8, '63. 

Charles H. Williams, Aug. 17, '63. 

Wm. Williams, Aug. 17, '63. 

Garrett Wilson, Aug. 27, '63. 

Peter Woli'ord, Nov. 2, '61. 

Bernard Wood, Aug. 21, '63. 

Henry Wood, March 23, '64. 

Frank Young, Nov. 21, '64 ; dis. July 1, '65. 



Joseph C. Young, Nov. 2, '61 ; died. June 5, 't;4. 
William Yeager, Aug. 1,"63. 

Thomas Shields is the only riu'iiilicr of 
tiiis coinpany reported as killed in battle. 

TiiK TwKi.rxn KEciiMKNT. — Camden 
County eontril)iited to the Twelfth Rey;iment 
Companies E, (i and I. This command was 
raised under the President's call of July 7, 
lSti2, for three hundred thou.sand three years' 
volunteers, and was mustered iu at Wood- 
bury September 4tli. Thomas H. Davis, 
of Camden, was appointed major and after- 
wards promoted to lieutenant-eolonel. En 
route to Washington September 7, l.S(j"J, the 
regiment was directed to guarding the liiie of 
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, neai' KWi- 
cott City, Md., and joined the Army ol' the 
Potomac at Falmouth, Va., December (Jth. 
It was first attached to tlie Second Brigade, 
Third Division, Second Army Corps, and 
later to the Third Brigade of tlie Second 
Division of the same cor)is. Serving until 
the close of the war, it was a participaut in 
the following-named battles : 

Chancellorsville, May 3 and 4, 1863 ; Ciettysburg, 
Pa., July 2 and 3, 1S63 ; Falling Waters, Md., 
July 13, 1863; Auburn Mills, Va., October 14, 
1863; Bristow Station, Va., October 14, 1S(;3 ; 
Blackburn's Ford, "Va., October 15, 186.3; Robin- 
son's Tavern, Va., November 27, 1863 ; Mine Run, 
Va., November 28, 29 and 30, 1863; .Morton's 
Ford, Va., February 6, 1864; Wilderness, Va., 
May 5 to 7, 1864; Spottsylvania, Va., May 8 to 11, 
1864; Spottsylvania Court-House, Jlay 12 to 18, 

1864 ; North and South Anna River, Va., May 24 
to 26, 1864; Tolopotomy, Va., May 30 and 31, 
1864; Cold Harbor, Va., June 2 to 12, 1864 ; Before 
Petersburg, Va., June 20 to 23, 1864; Deep Bottom, 
Va., July 25 to 29, 1864; Mine Explosiou, Va., 
July 30, 1864; Ream's Station, Va., August 25, 
1864; Fort Sedgewick, Va., September 10, 1864; 
Boydton Plank-Road, Va., October 27, 1864; 
Hatcher's Run, Va., February 6 to 8, 1865; Dab- 
ney's Mills, Va., February 28, 1865; Hatcher'.s 
Run, Va., March 25, 1865; Cai>ture of Petershuru, 
Va., April 2, 1865; Sailor's Creek, Va., April 6, 

1865 ; High Bridge, Va., April 7, 1865 ; Farmvillc, 
Va., April 7, 1865; Lee's surrender (Appomatto.\, 
Va.), April 9, 1865. 

Companies E and G, at Gettysburg, on the 



136 



HISTORY OF CA:\IPEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



even ing of July '^, 1863, were a part of the force 
that drove the Confederate sharpshooters from 
a lioiise and barn on the Emniettsburg road, 
an affair in wliich Captain Horsfall was 
killed and Lieutenant K!astwick wounded. 
[Tpon this site the survivors of this regiment, 
in 1S86, erected a handsome monument. At 
Bristow Station Lieutenant Low, of Company 
(t, received his death-wound and his c'om- 
pany was very badly cut up. At Spottsyl- 
vauia Court-Housc, on May (j, 18ii4, tlie 
regiment lost heavily, Colonel Davis and 
Captains Chew and Potter being among the 
wounded. Color-Sergeant Charles H. Cheese- 
man, Company E, of Camden, who had 
borne the colors of the command with great 
braverj' through all its battles, was fatally in- 
jured. On the ]2th, it was in the attack on 
Johnson's division of Ewell's corps, where 
Colonel Davis was instantly killed at the 
head of the charging column of his men. 

f^aptain James McCoomb, of Camden, 
succeeded to tiie command of the regiment, 
and was mortally wounded by a shell at the 
battle of Cold Harbor. His successor was 
Captain Daniel Dare, also of Camden, who 
was in charge until Major Thomson returned 
from recruiting service. The latter being seri- 
ously wounded at Ream's Station, the com- 
mand fell upon Major Henry F. Chew, still 
another Camden soldier, so that the Twelfth's 
profuse laurels may iw said to have lieen 
largely gained under the direction of the 
zealous and brave otticers who came from 
this county. It never lost a color, was never 
broken in action and reflected honor upon 
South Jersey, from whence it was recruited. 

CoL. TiioM.xs H. Davis,' son of Benjamin 
T. and Eleanor Travis, was born in the city of 
Camden, N. J., July 2:5, 1835. His early 
days were passetl in liis native town until, at 
the age of seventeen, he entered the West 
.Jersey Collegiate School, at Mount Holly, 
then under the care of the Rev. Samuel Mil- 

' I'oloncl Win. E. Potter. 



Icr. Here he remained until the period of 
his school-days had ended, when he went 
West and was engaged for several years in 
the cities of Toledo, O., and Detroit, Mich., 
in the construction of gas-works. He after- 
wards returned to Camden and entered into 
business in Philadelphia, which occupied him 
until near the outiircak of the war. He was 
among the first of the young men of the- 
State to tender his .services to the imperiled 
government, and entered the service at the 
first call as paymaster of the Fourth Regi- 
ment of the New Jensey Militia, and in this 
capacity served three months in front of 
Washington. 

On the 9th day of July, 1802, he was 
commissioned major of the Twelfth Regiment 
New Jersey Volunteers, and immediately 
entered upon his duties at the camp of that 
regiment at Woodbury. The acquaint- 
ance of the writer with him began at this 
time. From his entrance into the Twelfth 
liegimcnt ^lajor Davis showed an ardent 
interest in its welfare. He was proud 
of the material of which it was composed — 
sons of farmers and young sea-faring men 
chiefly^ — -a manly body of troops, which, for 
strength, youth, activity and health, I think, 
was not surpa.ssed by any which the State 
furnished during the war. .Major Havis 
gave him.self diligently to his duties and 
soon had the respect andatlcctidu of (he en- 
tire regiment. 

The Twelfth Regiment, after .serving some 
months in Maryland, in December, 18()2, joined 
the Second Brigade, Third Division, Army 
of the Potomac, near Falmouth, Va. Here, 
on the 27th of February, 1863, Lieutenant- 
Colonel J. Howard Willetts was commissioned 
colonel of the regiiuent and Major J)avis was 
promoted to be lieutenant-colonel. 

The winter and cai'lv spring were spciil 
in perfecting the e(jiiipmciit, drill and 
di.scipline of the regiment and perl'orni- 
ing what was probably the most severe and 
exposing picket duty of the war. The dis- 




(TJ^^^^^T'^^-^^ 



THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 



137 



tance from the camp to the picket line, the 
horrible weather and roads, the want of 
proper shelter for the reserves and the com- 
parative inexperience of the men, have marked 
the winter of 1862-63 with black lines in 
the diary of every soldier who was during 
those months upon the right front of the 
Army of the Potomac. Colonel Davis, as 
field officer of the day, was necessarily much 
exposed during this winter, and thus laid the 
foundation of an attack of inilammatory 
rheumatism, which early in May completely 
prostrated him so that he was ordered home 
and was not allowed to return until about 
tlie 1st of August, 1863. I have often 
heard him regret that he was thus absent 
from the great actions of Chancellorsville 
and Gettysburg. Colonel Willetts was badly 
wounded at Chancellorsville, and on the re- 
turn of Colonel Davis from sick leave he 
assumed the command of his regiment, which 
he was thenceforth to lead in more than oue 
bloody action, and in front of whose stead- 
fast lines he was to fall. 

He was steadily on duty during tlic latter 
part of the summer of 1 863, and at the 
combat near (xreeuwich and the severe action 
of Bristow Station, both fought upon the 
14th of October, 1863, he manceuvred his 
troops with that coolness and serene courage 
which always distinguished him. He was 
again engaged with his regiment on the 15th 
of October at Blackburn's Ford or Bull Run, 
and later in the fall, during the short but ex- 
pensive campaign of Mine Run. On Feb- 
ruary 7, 1864, he was among the first on 
foot to ford the icy waters of the Rapidan 
at Morton's Ford, and was warmly engaged 
in the severe combat. With the rest of the 
army, he crossed the Rapidan on the nigiit 
of May 4, 1864, and wa.s heavily engaged in 
the first great action of the Wilderne.ss cam- 
paign on the evening of May 5th. The 
next morning Carroll's brigade, in whic^ii 
was the regiment of Colonel Davis, advanced 
more than a mile, swinging to the left and 
18 



across the Orange Court-House plank-road, 
and, with the other brigades and division of 
the Second Corps, driving the corps of A. 
P. Hill, of the enemy's army, in utter con- 
fusion before it. 

During a halt, at length ordered, a shell 
exploded near Colonel Davis and he was 
stricken to the ground. One who was 
wounded, an hour later, found him at the 
field hospital. He was hit by splinters thrown 
oif from a tree struck by the shell refinrred 
to, and not by the projectile itself. He lay 
at the field hospital until the evening of May 
7th, and joined his regiment when, with the 
army, it moved toward Spottsylvania. As 
he pressed the hand of the officer referred to 
and bade him farewell, he said, " If we were 
into camp now I should apply for leave on 
the strength of these bruises, but I cannot 
bear the thought of leaving my regiment so 
long as I can sit on my horse." Graven on 
the memory of his friend as with a pen of 
steel, these last manly words of Colonel Davis 
scnnid in his ears clearly, as if spoken but 
yesterday. 

On the 12th of May, 1X64, Colonel Davis, 
at the head of the Twelfth Regiment, formed 
a part of that magnificent column of veter- 
an infantry which, under command of Gen- 
eral Hancock, assaulted Lee's line at Spott- 
sylvania, and sweeping over it, pierced his 
centre. On foot, because it was imjiossible 
to ride through abatis and over earthwork, 
erect, vigilant, enthusiastic, not yet recovered 
from severe bruises of si.x days before, but 
triumphing overthem, eye-witnesses still love 
to tell with what springing valor and in- 
comparable energy Colonel Davis led his 
regiment as they swej)t like one great wave 
over the enemy's work and into their camp. 
The enemy's first line was carried with but 
little loss, but half a mile to the rear the 
charging troops came upon a second line 
heavily manned and sternly defended. And 
here, while cheering on his troops with ani- 
mated gestures, in front of his colors and 



138 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COTJNTV^ NEW JERSEY. 



almost touching them, Colonel Davis, struck 
by a ball which passed through his neck, 
fell dead. He was buried near the field 
where he fell, but a few days later was re- 
moved to Fredericksburg, whence, in the 
autumn of 1865, loving hands bore him 
northward, and on a beautiful day in No- 
vember of that year, on the eve of the first 
Thanksgiving after the war, iu the presence 
of his family and a few of his comrades, he 
was laid to rest in the cemetery of Laurel 
Hill. 

Few men were more soldierly in appear- 
ance than Colonel Davis — none more brave 
and zealous in the cause for which he died. 
Tall, erect, commanding in person, electric in 
temperament, of a bold and resolute charac- 
ter, his troops so leaned on him that, when 
he commanded, his regiment fought with a 
massive energy which was often noticed. 
Warm in hisaifections, kind and genial in man- 
ners, many loved him, none will forget him. 
He was a gallant soldier and genial gentle- 
man, who freely left home and friends to cast 
his sword, his heart and his life into the breach 
to save the honor of Ills country. 

The rolls of the Camden County companies 
of the Twelfth Regiment are as follows : 

COMPANY E. 

[ThiB company was muatered in September 4, 1862, aud muetprt'd 

nut July 15, 1865, unless otherwise stated, j 

Captains. 
Charles K. Horsfall, killed July 2, '68. 
Daniel Dare, Aug. 6, '63. 

Mrat Lieutenants. 
Philip M. Armington, resg. Nov. lr>, '63. 
EUwood Griscom, Feb. 22, '(>5 ; dis. .Tune 4, '65. 

Second Lieutenants. 
James McComb, pro. 1st It. Co. D June 31, '63. 
Stephen G. Eastwick, Feb. 14, '63 ; dis. Jan. 24,'64. 
G. A. Cobb, May 1, '65; pro. 1st It. Co. H June 24,'65. 

First Sergeants. 
John R. Rich, pro. sergt.-maj. Nov. 27, "63. 
John Sheehan, dis. June 4, '65. 

Sergeants. 
Ethelbert Davis, dis. June 4, '65. 
Wm. H. Brooks, dis. June 3, '65. 
Charles fcjullivan, dis. June 4, '65. 



James M. Cranen, dis. June 4, '65. 

Charles H. Laing, Feb. 23, 65. 

Elijah L. Smith, Feb. 27, '65. 

Pierce McHenry, April 7, '65. 

John Foster, died May 3, "63, of wounds. 

Josef)h S. Hugg, Aug. 13, '62 ; died Aug. 27, '62. 

Charles E. Cheeseman, died May 7, '64, of wounds; 

Charles P. Fish, Aug. 4, '62 ; killed May 12, '64. 

Corporals. 
Henry Ranser, dis. June 4, '65. 
Frederick Fagley, dis. June 4, '65. 
Edward S. Ellis, dis. July 10, "65. 
Joseph Myers, dis. June 4, '65. 
John Hull, dis. June 4, '65. 
Wm. M. Copeland, dis. June 4, '65. 
Samuel E. Farriugton, dis. June 4, "65. 
John Evans, I<>b. 23, '65. 
Charles Richards, Feb. 22, '65. 
,Tobn Thompson, April 5, '65. 
Isaac M. Williams, April 5, '65. 
George White, April 6, '65. 
Ludwig Schweitzer dis. May 17, '65. 
Thomas E. Prickett, dis. Dec. 24, '64. 
.Toseph A. Davis, trans, to Y. R. C. 
.lohn Pinkerton, trans, to V. R. C. 
Edmund M. Stevenson, trans, to V. R. C. 
John Clements, died .June 22, '63, of wounds. 
Jonas M. Roe, died Aug. 7, '64, of wounds. 
Henry Helms. 

Robert .1. Thompson, musician, disch. June 4, '65. 
Israel J. Conklin, musician, trans, to Y. R. C. 
John Bird, wagoner, disch. June 4, '65. 

Privates. 
Elias Abrams, Feb. 23, '65, disch. .\ug. 3, '65. 
John Antonia, April 6, '65. 
Benj. Anthony, disch. Feb. 19, '63. 
Jacob Asay, trans, to Y. R. C. 
George Anderson, killed July 3, '63. 
Thomas Barrett, Aug. 15, '64. 
John Beggs, April 5, 't)4. 
Wm. Byrnes, April 6, '65. 
Peter T. Brewer, trans, to Y. R. C. 
Lysander H. Banks, died Feb. 21, '63. 
Martin Blake, .\ug. 5, '62. 

David Campbell, July 27, '64, discli. Aug. 3, '65. 
George C. Carlyle, April 7, '65. 
Charles Clark, March 31, '65. 
James Cunningham, Feb. 23, '65. 
Matthew Cavanagh, disch. .Jan. 13, '64. 
Thomas Calvert, trans, to Y. R. C. 
.Tames P. Campbell, trans, to Co. F. 
John Q. A. Clinc, killed May S, '63. 
Charles F. Collett, killed May 8. '63. 
John C. Conley,died June 12, '64, of wounds. 



THE WAK FOR THE UNION. 



139 



Isaac H. Copeland, killed July 3, '68. 
Alexander Drew, Feb. 23, 'G5. 
Ezra Drew, Feb. 23, 'Gn. 
Albert Davis, disch. Feb. 17, 'M- 
Enoch H. Duffield, disch. Dec. 30, 'G2. 
Samuel C. Elbertsou, disch. March 9, '<(3. 
Lucius Q. C. Elmer, tran.s. to V. R. U. 
John Farrington, disch. Aug. 1, '65. 
Samuel Fleet, trans, to V. R. C. 
Rudolph Frick, April 4, '65. 
Aaron Garwood, disch. June 12, '65. 
John Geier, April 4, '64. 

Frank Gibson, April 5, '65, disch. July 17, '65. 
Robert Gordon, disch. June 4, '65. 
Thomas J. Gordon, disch. July 28, '65. 
Michael Griner, disch. July 8, '63. 
Alexander Gale, trans, to V. R. C. 
John Gorman, trans, to V. R. C. 
David Gordon, died Jan. 23, '63. 
Wm. H. Haight, Feb. 23, '65. 
Charles Hannahs, April 5, '65. 
Edward P. Harris, disch. June 4, '65. 
Wm. Harrison, April 6, '65. 
Jacob Hartman, April 7, '65. 
Aulson Heaton, April 7, '65. 
Anthony Heft'ner, April 7, '65. 
Albert Heitz, April 3, '65. 
Jacob Henkel, April 7, '65. 
James Hopper, Feb. 23. '65. 
Daniel H. Horner, disch. June 4, '65. 
Benj. Hackney, disch. Feb. 17, '63. 
Jacob Hinchman, disch. Oct. 22, '63. 
Francis Haggerty, trans, to V. R. C. 
Ira C. Hall, trans, to V. R. C. 
Joseph Haynes, trans, to V. R. C. 
Wm. S. Hineline, trans, to V. R. O. 
Josiah C. Hughes, trans, to V. R. C. 
David H. Horner, died June 4, '63, of wounds- 
Samuel C. Hultz. killed May 3, '63. 
John Ipser, April 5, '65. 
Alexander Jervis, died Dec. 20, '63. 
John Kilikus, Feb. 28, '65. 
Wm. Korbel, April 7, '65. 
Charles Kuntzman, March 31, '65. 
Emil Lack, April 7, '65. 
John Lack, April 7, '65. 
George Lutz, April 6, '65. 
James K. P. Latt'erty, trans, to V. R. C 
Charles H. Leeds, trans, to V. R. C. 
Anthony Macel, April 4, '65. 
Frederick Martin, April 4, '65. 
Francis McBride, Feb. 23, '65. 
Augustus Mitchell, Feb. 27, '66. 
Benjamin Mullica, disch. June 4, '65. 
Patrick Murray, Feb. 28, '65. 



Nathaniel Morton, disch. Feb. 28, '63. 

Augustus Munter, disch. Nov. 26, '63. 

John McKeon, killed May 3, '63. 

Enoch F. Mills, died June 14, '64, of wounds. 

Robert Newsome, April 3, '65. 

Helondeus Nonn, April 5, '65. 

William Nagle, died Dec. 5, 64. 

Deitrick Panzie, April 4, '65, disch. June 13, '65. 

Henry Peirce, disch. June 4, '65. 

James B. Peirson, disch. June 4, '65. 

Frederick Pechmiuin, Jr., trans- to Sig- Corps. 

Porteus Pepoon, killed May 12, '64. 

Obadiah Reed, April 6, '65. 

Fidelias Reich, April 6, '(i5. 

Ira B- Ridgway, April 5, '65. 

John Reed, disch. Feb. 16, '65 

George Riggs, disch. Nov. 7, '63. 

Edward Rodgers, trans, to V. R- C- 

James A. Riley, killed July 2, '63. 

Dennis Ryan, killed May 3, '63. 

BernhardtSchniidt, April 7, '65- 

John Schubert, April 1, '65. 

Henry Sehnltr, April 7, "65. 

Charles F. Senix, pro. q.ni.-sergt. Aug. 30, '64. 

James Shaft'er, April 5, '65. 

George Simpkins, April 5, '65. 

Joseph L. Simons, disch. May 18, '65- 

Wra. H. Smith, disch. July 26, '65. 

David M. Southard, disch. June 15, '65. 

Peter Spies, April 6, '65. 

Frederick Staatz, April 7, '65. 

George Skirm, trans, to V. R. C- 

Seth C. Southard, trans, to V. R. C. 

Wm. H. Shaffer, Nov. 20, '63, killed May 12, '64. 

Samuel K. Sooy, died Sept. 15, '63. 

Stephen B. Sooy, died Sept. 12, '62. 

William H. Stockton, killed March 25, '65. 

Isaac A. Taylor, (lis. June 4, '65. 

Amzi Teachman, Feb. 22, '65. 

William Tompson, April 6, '65. 

Andrew H. Tomlin, April 7, '65. 

William Tozer, dis. June 4, '65. 

Casimer Trechler, April 3, '65. 

Charles S. Tindall, killed May 6, '64. 

John Thompson, April 11, '64. 

J. Van Volkenburgh, Feb. 23, '65, dis. May 20, '65. 

William Walker, April 6, '65. 

Matthew Wallace, Feb. 22, '65. 

John Webber, April 7, '65. 

John Weitner, March 29, '65. 

John Welsh, April 7, '65. 

John Westcrmayer, April 6, '65. 

George Wilhelm, April 7, "65. 

Azel Williams, Feb. 27, '65. 

Frank Williams, April 1, '65. 



140 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Lawreuce Williams, April 6, '65. 

John Wallace, Feb. 19, '64, died. Nov. 24, '64. 

Thomas J. Williams, killed in action May 3, '63, 

William J. Wood, died June 20, '64. 

Henry C. Yeager, April 4, '65. 

Isaac Young, Feb. 27, '65. 

Captain Charles K. Horsfall. — 
About the period of the Revolution an 
English famih' named Horsfall came to thi.s 
country, and settled in Monmouth Couuty, 
JN. .]. There were two brothers, belonging 
to the better class of English farmers, and 
they purchased land ou their arrival. From 
these pioneers sprung Johu and Richard 
Horsfall, who were born in Monmouth 
County. John was married to Sarah Tim- 
mons, of Monmonth. They had three chil- 
dren, — Jacob and Isaac (twins), and John. 
Richard married a Smith and removed to 
Cream Ridge, N. J. They had three chil- 
dren. 

Johu, the father of Caj)tain Horsfall, 
moved to Burlington County before he was 
of age, and became a merchant in Borden- 
town. About 1851 he took up his residence 
in Camden, where he has followed the busi- 
ness of general merchandising. In 18.')6 he 
was married to Hannah E., daughter of 
Charles and Ann Kemble, of Bordeutown, 
by whom he had four children, — Charles K., 
who was married to Amy W., daughter of 
William and Mary Brooks, of Medford, 
N. J. ; Hannah Ann T., who died, aged two 
years ; Theodore F., (deceased), who was 
married to Anna Wells, of Camden; and 
Alethia C, who is married to James B. 
Lewis, formerly of Burlington County, now 
living in Camdeu. They had three children, 
— Etta H. and Charles H. (deceased), and 
Jennie B. 

Captain ('harlos K. Horsfall was born in 
Burlington County December 31, 1836. He 
was one of those heroic spirits who entered 
into the service of his country from pure 
patriotism. Before the war he was a mem- 
ber of " Camden Light Artillery " and rose 



to be one of its officers. He was fond of 
military life, and when the Civil War opened 
raised Company E, of Twelfth New Jersey 
Volunteer Infantry. He servetl with it 
in all the hard duty which the Army of the 
Potomac was called upon to perform up to 
Getty.sburg. He distinguished himself at 
Chancellorsville, and on the 2d of July, 
1863, at (xettysburg. A detachment of 
Twelfth New Jersey and Fourteenth Con- 
necticut were ordered to dislodge a body of 
Confederate sharpshooters concealed in a 
barn. He bravely led his men and was shot 
through the head, falling dead within the 
rebel lines. His body was buried on the 
field for two weeks, when it was removed to 
its present resting-place, Evei'green Cemetery, 
in this city. His los.s was deeply mourned by 
his regiment, for he was a brave soldier, 
exemplary citizen and thorough Christian. 
His mother pas.sed to rest June 11, 1886. 

COMPANY G, TWELFTH REGIMENT NEW JEKSEY 
VOLUNTEERS (THREE YEARS'), OF CAMDEN. 

[Tbiw cumjiaiiy was mustered in September 4, 186*.;, aud mustered 
out June 4, 1865, unless otherwise stated.] 

C'aptain^. 
Samuel H. Jobes, res. Jan. 24, '64. 
William E. Potter, biev.-maj. May 1, '65. 

First Lieutenants. 
James T. Lowe, died of wounds Oct. 30, '63. 
F. M. Riley, Apr. 25, '64, pr. capt. Co. F Jan. 30,'65. 
James P. William, Feb. 22, '65. 
Robert B. Kates, July 5, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 

Second Lieutenant. 
Charles E. Troutman, res. Feb. 4, '64. 

J-'irst Sergeant. 
Jeremiah Casto. 

Seryeants. 
Joseph Blake. 
Arthur Stanley. 
William H. Rogers. 
John Hall. 

Charles Fosker, April 5, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
Charles Hulbert, Oct. 3, '64, dis. July 15, '65. 
Isaac L. Wood, dis. Oct. 14, '63. 
Edw. L. Thornton, dis. April 2, '63. 
Joshua D. Fithian, dis. Dec. 11, '63. 
Hiram Smith, dis. May 10, '64. 
Henry Fenton, trans, to U. S. Navy. 




^•<>-^^>X^^v--<'^ 




^'^fC^^/a/6 



THE WAR FOR THK UNION. 



141 



Corp(yrals. 
Theodore Brick. 
Amos Frampea. 
Isaiah Groft'. 
George VVoodrow. 
Edward L. Briok. 
Jesse Peterson. 

David H. Eldridge, dis. July 31, '65. 
George Johnson, April 4, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
Theodore Hildel)rand, Ajiril 5,j'65, dis. July 15, '65. 
Frank Myers, April 3, '(i5, dis. July 15, '65. 
William H. Howe, dis. Jan. 26, '63. 
Charles Mayhew, trans, to V. R. C. 
Franklin Bates, trans, to V. R. C 
William W. Collins, killed June 3, '64. 
Howard Turner, musician. 
Richard Cheeseman, musician. 

Privales. 
Samuel E. Barker. 

John Blackburn, April 5, '65, dis. ,luly 15, 't)5. 
Florence Bleyler. 

Andrew Bramble, April 5, '(i5, dis. .July 15, W'l. 
Augustus Brant, April 4, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
Robert R. Burk. 
Edward V. Byerly. 
James Cain, April 8, '65. 
William R. Carter, dis. Dec. 11, '63. 
John B. Carey. 

John Conley, killed July 2, '63. 
Newton B. Cook, died April 6, '63. 
Joseph Cooper, April 8, '65. 
Hiram Cramer, killed May 3, '63. 
Thomas H. Conover, dis. June 2, '65. 
John Corbet, April 5, '65, dis. June 15, '65. 
Andrew Cridline, Aug. 26, '64, dis. July 18, '65. 
John Crowley, dis. May 30, '63. 
John J. Dall. 

Levi M. Decatur, Aug. 26, '64, dis. July 18, '65. 
Edward De Parpart, Aug. 18, '64, dis. July 15, '65. 
James P. Demarris, dis. Mar 25, '63. 
Henry C. Derrickson, died June 20, '64. 
John H. Dill, trans, to V. R. C. 
Jacob S. Dill, died of wounds May 15, '63. 
William E. Downam, dis. July 14, 65. 
Gustav Eisle, dis. July 15, '65. 
Lewis S. Elmer, killed May 3, '63. 
Daniel Everingham. 
John Fagan, April 7, '65. 
William Fee, April 3, '65, died July 15, '65. 
John Fernandos, April 5, '64, dis. July 15, '65. 
John Ferrell, April 8, '65, dis. June 28, '65. 
Lawrence Flood, April 5, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
Thomas Flynn, April 4, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
Alfred B. Fortiner, dis. July 31, '65. 
Benj. F. Gladden, dis- June 21, '65. 



William Y. Qladney, dis. March 12, '63. 

Samuel Godfrey, March 24, '65. 

Carl Gremm. 

Richard Groff, died March 29, '63. 

John Griffin, April 5, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 

Geo. W. Hardwick, April 3, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 

Thomas M. Harrison, dis. June 28, '65. 

James Hayes. April 3, '65, dis. June 15, '65. 

Fred. Heil, Oct. 7, '64, dis. July 15, '65. 

Christian Hesse, Oct. 10, '64, dis. July 15, '65. 

William H. Henderson, dis. June 5, '63. 

William Herring, died May 20, '64. 

William H. Hillman. 

John Horen, April 4, '65. 

Samuel M. Horner, dis. July 1, '65. 

Oscar Hoffman, April 5, '65, dis, July 15, '65. 

Michael Holden", April 7, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 

Benjamin Hood. 

Joseph T. Higginson, dis. Oct. 19, '63. 

Theodore Hughes, April 3, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 

Charles D. Husbands, dis. for wounds Oct. 13, '6a. 

Felix lufelder, Feb. 28, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 

Joseph Inman, dis. March 17, '63. 

John Jaggard, dis. July 10, '65. 

James Johnson, April 3, '65. 

Thomas Joice, April 4, '65, dis. July 15, '65, 

Paul .Tones. 

Adam Jordon. 

Charles Keller, April 4, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 

John Kerrigan, April 5, '65. 

Charles Kinge, April 6, '65. 

Charles Laman. 

John H. Lamar, dis. July 21, '61. 

Lorenzo S. Land, killed in action June 3, '64. 

Walter Lindsay. 

Charles E. Madara. 

George R. Marter, killed in action May 3, '63. 

Joseph Marner. 

Donald McDonald, April 3,'»;5, dis. July 15, '65. 

Daniel P. McHenry. 

Henry M. Mcllvaine, dis. for wounds May 5, '64. 

Timothy McMahon, April 5, '65. 

Bernard McManus, April 4, '65. 

James Mercer, April 4, '65, dis. ,Tuly 15, '65. 

Thomas R. Middleton, killed in action July 2, '63. 

Francis Mills, killed in action May 3, '64. 

Josiah K. Moore, dis. July 1, '65. 

William Murphy, April 1, '65, dis. July 5, '65. 

John O'Brien, trans, to V. R. C. 

James O'Connor, Nov. 30, '63, dis. July 15, '65. 

John O'Niel, April 5, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 

James O'Niel, April 5, '(55. 

Adolph Olsen, April 3, '65. dis. July 15, '65. 

Richard Palmer, Aug. 12, '64, dis. July 15, '6b. 

Aaron Parker. 



142 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Nathan Parker, dis. July 6, '<55. 

Edward H. Pancoiist, dis. April 5, '65. 

John Perry, April 4, 'd'), dis. July 15, '65. 

Peter L. Perry, Feb. IG, 'tiS, dis. July 15, '65. 

Joseph Phalon, April 7, '65, dis. June 14, '65. 

Richard F. Plum, trans, to V. R. C. 

William Potter, April 4, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 

Isaac Randolph. 

Michael Reynolds, April 8, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 

Walter A. Rink, Aug. 31, '64, dis. June 23, '65. 

Henry H. Richmond, died Jan. 13, '63. 

Richard Roberaon. April 4, '65. 

Martin Roche, April 5, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 

John Ross, April 4, '65, dis. June 28, '65. 

Matthew Russell, April 5, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 

James Ryan. 

Joseph Satterley, April 3, '65. 

Charles Schaffer, April 5, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 

John L. Severns, dis. June 30, '65. 

John Shey, April 5, '65, dis. July 15,' 65. 

Robert Ct. Sheppard, died April 13, '63. 

William B. Skill, killed in action July 3, '63. 

Frank Smith, Sept. 28, '64, dis. July 15, '65. 

John Smith, Sept. 28, '64, dis. July 15, '65. 

Joseph H. Smith, dis. Nov. 22, "64. 

J. William Smith, July 29, '62, dis March 19, '61. 

Henry Smith, April 5, 'ti'). 

Nicholas Smith, April 8, '65. 

John J. Sneden, April 4, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 

Samuel E. Somers, died Feb. 11. '64, of wounds. 

George H. Snyder, dis. Feb. 7, '68. 

James Stanley. 

Jacob C. Stokes. 

Abram J. Stoll, June 26, '62, dis. July 15, '65. 

Jacob R. Stow, died April 13, '63. 

William H. Tatem, dis. June 29, '65. 

Robert Thurston, April 3, '65. 

Joseph J. Thompson, di.s. July 18, '65. 

Morris Tondrof. 

Charles P. Van Hart, dis. June 28, '65. 

Eli Watson, died of wounds June 19, '65. 

Joseph Wanner. 

James M. Wilkins, dis. June 29, '65. 

James William.s, Ajjril 4, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 

William J. Williams, April 5, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 

Charles Wilson, April 4, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 

James Wilson, April 4, '65, dis. July 16, '65. 

COMl'.iNY I, TWELFTH REtilMKNT NEW JERSEY 
VOLUNTEER.S. 

[This (!i)iiipaiiy wati Diimtered in September 4, lHt32, uml iiiu^tered 
out July 1ft, 18or», unless otherwise stated. | 

( '(rptaiuK. 
Henry 1". (.'hew, pro. niaj. July 2, '64. 
Charles P. Brown, Feb. 22, 'iio ; dis. June 4, '65. 



First Lieutenants. 
Frank M. Acton, pro. capt. Co. F Dec. 12, '63. 
Edw. M. Dubois, Apr. 25, '64; bvt. capt. July 6, '64. 
Charles F. Sickler, Feb. 22, '65 ; dis. June 4, '65. 

Sfcotid Lieuieiiimts. 
Theodore F. Null, disch. April 1, '64. 
Eli K. Ale, Feb. 22, '65 ; disch. June 4, '65. 
Watson P. Tattle, Feb. 28, '65. 

First Sergeants. 
George A. Bowen, pro. 1st It. Co. C Apr. 11, '64. 
Matthew Coombs, disch. June 4, '65. 
Isaac N. Morton, trans, to V. R. C. 

Hergeantii. 
Benjamin S. Wood, disch. June 4, '65. 
Robert C. White, pro. sergt.-maj. Oct. 6, '64. 
J. Morgan Barnes, pro. to q.m.-sergt. Jan. 1, '65. 
Joseph Dielkes, disch. June 4, '65. 
Preston P. Merrion, disch. June 4, '65. 
Louis Warnecke, Oct. 5. '64. 
John J. Shaw, April, 3, '65. 
George Lucas, Nov. 13, '63. 
Thomas S. Champion, disch. June 16, '65. 
George P. Ogden, trans, to V. R. C. 
George R. Burroughs, died June 23, '64, of wounds. 
Asa W. Tash, died May 6, '64, 
Charles H. Wilson, June 9, '64. 

Corporah. 
James P. Stanton, disch. June 4, '65. 
Tlieophilus B. Halter, disch. June 4, '65. 
Alexander Brown, disch. June 4, '65. 
Samuel Reall, disch. June 4, '(io. 
William Parsons, disch. June 4, '65. 
Lewis McPherson, disch. June 4, '65. 
Firman Lloyd, Jr., disch. Juue 30, '6^>. 
William R. Williams, disch. June 4, '6^>. 
William Renchler, July 26, '64. 
Ebeuezer Kennedy, Aug. 17, 63. 
Daniel McDevitt, July 25, '64. 
Theodore Beyer, Oct. 4, '64; disch. July 18, '65. 
Frederick Ditraan, Oct. 11, '(i4. 
Isaac Fox, killed in action June 17, '64. 
Lewis F. Simms, killed in action May 3, '63. 
Daniel A. Hancock, died May 22, '64, of wounds. 
John H. Barklow, died July 16, '64. 
Ale S. Kidd, died May 15, '64, of wounds. 
Albert S. Wood, died Dec. 1, '64. 
Edward Bradway, musician, disch. June 4, '65. 
Lewis S. Kemfer, wagoner, disch. June 4, '65. 

1'rivate.i. 
Henry Ackley, July 20, '64. 

William H. Archer, Feb. 23, '65; dis. June 23, '65. 
William H. Allen, trans, to V. R. C. 
J. Anderson, Oct. 14, '64; tr. from Co. D, lUhRegt. 
Joseph A. Ayers, trans, to V. R. C. 



THE WAE FOR THE UNION. 



143 



Jacob Adams, died May 24, 'H4, of wounds. 

Henry Barth, Oct. 3, '(U. 

.Fohn J. Berry,. June 1, Ii4. 

.Fames Bond, Oct. 14, '(i4. 

Edward Brannen, Sept. (i, 'G4 : dis. .Tune 4, '6.5. 

.1. C. Brill, Apr. 7, '(>■"); pni. cora.-sergt, June .i, ti.i. 

Christian Brodbacker, April 27, 'ti4. 

treorge Brown, April 4, '65. 

Henry Brown, Feb. 22, '65. 

William Brown, .lune 11, '64. 

Oeorge Budcsheim. Oct. :'i, '64. 

William Burcli, Oct. 11, '64. 

William Bader, Mar. 2.5, '64; dis.-h. Nov. 19, '64. 

Melchoir Breitel, dLsch. Mar. 28, '64. 

John P. Bennett, trans, to IT. S. Navy. 

.lacob Biddle, trans, to V. R. C. 

Gilbert Bishop, died Feb. 3, '64. 

Nicholas Code, Feb. 27, '65. 

James Connelly, July 14, '64 ; disch. May 22, '6.5. 

Daniel Cowell. July 6, "64. 

.Tohn Champion, disch. Mar. 16, '63. 

Clement Colgan, disch. Dec. 31, 62. 

Christopher Cooker, disch. Mar. 9, '65. 

James M. Cook, Jan. 26, '65 ; trans, to Co, F. 

Jesse D. Crittafield, July 14, '64; trans, to Co. D, 

John V. Champion, died Oct. 11, '63. 

William J. Clark, died Mar. 24, '63, 

Charles Davis, Oct. 10, '64. 

Samuel Dickeson, disch, .June 4, '65, 

Alexander Ditzell, July IS, '64, 

Peter Doyle, July 26, '64. 

Anton Dyckotr, Oct. 5, '64. 

Claude De Erraan, July IS, '64; trans, to Co, D, 

William Dolby, July 20, '64; trans, to Co, D, 

.August Dugue, July 15, '64 ; trans, to Co. D. 

William Daniels, killed in action May 3, "63. 

David Dickeson, killed in action May 6, '64. 

John W. Dubois, died Sept. 22, '62. 

John Donahue, Feb. 27, '65, 

, lames Donnelly, July 3, '65. 

John Ell, Aug. 17, '64. 

Edward R. Emmel, disch. Dec. 10, '63, 

.lames Edwards, trans, to V. R. C, 

Edward P^llis, July 18, '64; trans, to Co. D. 

Joseph R. Edwaris, killed in action .lune 3, '64, 

George W. Fenu, July 18, '64. 

Joseph S. Fithian, disch. June 4, '65. 

Philip Flood, .Tune 16. '64. 

Michael Foster, April 5, '65 

Charles C. Fithian, disch, Dec. 15, '63. 

Richard V, Fithian, trans, to V, R, C. 

David Fonseca, April 4, '65. 

George W^. Goodwin, disch. .lune 4, '65. 

Samuel L. Gregg, June 13, '64. 

Charles Gootman, Mar. 24, '64 ; trans, to V, R. C. 



Frank E. Gaudy, died Mar. 19, '63. 

John (4erstle, died Mar. 13, '63. 

Charles Harr, Sept. 9, '64 ; disch. .Tune 4, '65. 

(leorge Hammer, April 5, '65, 

William T. F. Harewood, July 25, '64. 

.Tames Hart, Aug. 10, '64. 

.lohn Haverstick, disch. .lune 5, '65. 

(ieorge Hedden, Feb. 23, '65; disch. July 15, '65. 

.Tames Hemphill, disch. June 4, '65. 

Paul Herebschle, Sept. 6, '64; disch. June 4, '65. 

.lohn .T. Hoffman, disch. July 15, '65, 

.Tosiah Holton, disch, June 4, '65. 

.Tames Horner, disch. June 4, '65. 

Ezra Hutchins, Feb. 23, '65. 

Philip Hickman, trans, to V. R. C, 

George W. Homan, trans, to V, R, C, 

Thomas .Tackson, Aug. 13, '64. 

Richard Jellinghaus, Oct. 5, '64, 

.Tames M. .Tones, disch. Apr. 10, '63. 

Joseph L, Jacobs, trans, to V, R. C. 

George W, Jester, trans, to V. R. C. 

Thomas D. Kane, disch. .Tune 4, '65. 

Emmett M. King, di.sch. June 4, '65. 

tJeurge Kofl", Apr. 5, "65. 

Daniel Krebs, Apr. 6, '65. 

Moyer Kuhn, Mar. 25, '64; disch, Jan. 9, '65. 

Patrick Keegan, Apr. (i, '65, 

Ludwig Ivichtenl'ells, July 13, '64, 

Charles LoUamand, Oct, 5, '64, 

Ijcmuel D. Loper, died May 3, '63. 

.Toseph Lower, Apr. 2, '64. 

Ephraim Mack, Oct. 8, '64. 

Joseph F. Martin, July 15, '64. 

James McDonald, July 30, '64. 

Edward McLaughlin, Apr. 6, '65. 

Henry Merkell, Apr. 4, '65. 

Andrew Merkert, Oct. 4, '64. 

Charles Miller, disch. June 4, '65. 

Albrecht Mohr, Oct. 11, "64. 

Joseph Murphy, disch. June 4, '65. 

James McAuliti', disch. Dec, 16, '1)3. 

Charles McNeer, June 2, '64; disch. May 2, '65. 

John P. Miller, disch. Apr. 28, '65. 

Samuel Mattson, killed June 4, '64. 

John Miller, died June 22, '64, of wounds. 

Michael G. Morton, killed June 3, '64. 

Thomas J. Mattson. 

William Munnion. 

John W. Niblick, trans, to V. R. C. 

John P. Newkirk, died Apr. 10, '64. 

Frederick Pauli, Apr. 7, '65. 

John Peterson, July 16, '64. 

James Pierce, trans, to V. R. ( '. 

Abraham Pressman, July 20, '64; trans, to Co. H. 

James Privet, trans, to V. R, C, 



144 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY. NEW JERSEY. 



Peter Powell, July IS, 114; diefl Oct. 1, 'M. 

David Roaan, Oct. 4, '64. 

Thomas Ruth, Oct. 4, '64. 

.John Richardson, July 20, '64; disch. Nov. 8, '64. 

August Rien, Aug. 6, '64. 

Benjamin Sailor, .\ug. 1, '64. 

George Sailor, disch. June 4, '65. 

Charles Scheffler, disch. June 4, '65. 

Frederick Schmidt, Oct. 5, '64. 

John Schneider, Oct. 6, '64. 

Augustus Schogau, July it, '62. 

George Schoonover, Feb. 25, '65. 

Joseph Shuss, Oct. 4, '64. 

.lohn Simeson, disch. June 4, '65. 

William Sloan, disch. June 4, '65. 

.lames Sullivan, disch. May 15, '65. 

Francis Sweeney, .June 14, '64; disch. .June 12, '65. 

David Simpkins, disch. Dec. 24, '63. 

Peter Sharp, trans, to V. R. C. 

John L. Sharp, died Apr. 20, '63. 

.John Smith, Oct. 11, '64 ; died Nov. 1 1 , '64, wounds. 

John Smith, Oct. 11, '64. 

William Stone, Apr. 6, '65. 

Elijah B. Thomas, died June 4, '65. 

Jacob Trunck, Feb. 28, '65. 

Amos Tompkins, disch. May 29, '65. 

.Tames Turner, disch. .July 13, '63. 

.Fonathan Tiramerman, died Apr. 4, '63. 

Robert IJbbrell, Sept. 17, '64; disch. June 4, '65. 

Adam Urban, disch. .fune 4, '65. 

.Tohn Urban, disch. May 25, '65. 

.Fames R. Vannote, Oct. 8, '64. 

Benjamin R. Vincent, trans, to V. R. V. 

Englehart Weimer, Sept. 1, '64. 

John Weimer, July 30, '64. 

Clement C. White, disch. .June 4, '65. 

.rohn White, Sept. 1, '64. 

.Fohn Williams, Oct. 8, '64. 

Franz Wirobisch, June 13, '64. 

.luhii VVohlicher, Oct. 6, '64; disch, June 20, '65. 

.Fose])h VV^ork, trans, to V. R. C 

.lames B. Wood, died Dec. 20, '64. 

.Foel Wood, killed May 3, '63. 

.John Winter, June 16, '64. 

Wm. Youngblood, July 27, '64; disch. .luly 18, '65. 

rvIKnTENANT-COLONEI- HeNKY F. ChEW 

is the grandson of Jes.'ie and Mary Cliew, of 
Gloucester County, N. J., and tli<^ son of 
.lo.seph R. and Maria Chew, of Salem ( 'ouuty, 
ill the same State. He was born in the town- 
shi]» of Mannington, Salem County, on the 
8th of December, 1837, and educ^itcd at tlie 
Friends schools in the town of Saleni, after 



which he learned the trade of a wheelwright 
under his father's direction. Thus engaged 
at the outbreak of the war, in 1861, he enter- 
ed the service with the three months' soldiers 
as lieutenant in the Fourth Regiment New 
Jersey Volunteers. At the expiration of his 
time of .service he became captain of Cora- 
panj- I, Ninth Regiment New Jersey Volun- 
teers, and resigned March 9, 1 862, on account 
of sickness. 

Re-entering the service, he was made captain 
of Company I, Twelfth Regiment New 
Jersey Volunteers, and received, in July, 
1 864, promotion to the rank of major of the 
regiment. In March, 1865, he was made 
lieutenant-colonel, and commanded the regi- 
ment from August 25, 1864, until it was 
mu.stered out of service, on the 4th of June, 
1 8()5. Colonel Chew participated in many en- 
gagements, of which the following are the more 
important : Roanoke Island, Chancellorsville, 
Gettysburg, Prilling Waters, Auburn Mills, 
Bristow Station, Blackburn's Ford, Robinson's 
Tavern, Mine Run, Morton's Ford, Wilder- 
ness (in which he was wounded), Petersburg, 
Deep Bottom, Mine Explosion, north bank 
of James River, Ream's Station, Fort Sedg- 
wick, Hatcher's Run (first and .second), Boyd- 
ton Plank-Road, Hatcher's Run (second and 
third), Dabney's Mill, Capture of Petersburg, 
Sailor's Creek, High Bridge, Farmville and 
Lee's Surrender. On retiring from the 
service Colonel Chew began the study o( 
dentistry, and in the fall of 1867 engaged 
in its practice, which he still continues. He 
was , in 1868, married to Mi.ss Marietta, 
daughter of James P. and Sarah Fogg, ot 
Salem, N. J. Their children are two 
daughters, Helen A. and Mary R. 

GETTYSRURf! Mo.xuMENT. — The monu- 
ment erected on the battle-field of Gettysburg 
by the society of the Twelfth Regiment was 
dedicated on May 26, 1886, on which occa- 
sion, among other exercises, Comrade Joseph 
Burroughs, president of the .society, gave an 
interesting sketch of its workings and a de- 



THE WAn FOR THE UNION. 



145 



scription i>f the moniiiiient itself, from wliieli 
the following acoount is condensed : 

" In the summer of 1882 a few of our coiurailcs 
visited this historic town and battle-field, and 
learned that the Gettysburg Memorial Association 
had come into possession of much of the ground 
occupied by the lines of the Union army in the 
principal engagements on the 2d and 3d of July, 
1863, and observed that some five or six tablets or 
monuments had been placed by regiments to indi- 
cate the positions held by them, as well as to 
honor their dead who there fell. 

" At the next annual meeting of the Reunion 
Society of the Twelfth Regiment New Jersey Vol- 
unteers, held at Woodbury February 22, 1883, a 
committee, consisting of Comrades Joseph Bur- 
roughs, Frank M. Acton and James S. Kiger, was 
appointed to consider the ex]iediency and cost of 
erecting a tablet or monument on the line formerly 
occupied by the regiment at the battle of Gettys- 
burg. At this meeting the date of the annual 
meeting of the Reunion Society was changed from 
February 22d to September 4th — the latter Iicing 
the date of our muster into the United States ser- 
vice — and a much more favorable season of the 
year for the purjwse. 

" At the annual meeting held at Woodstown 
Sei)tember 4, 1883, the committee reported in favor 
of the project and asked for instructions as to the 
amount that the Society would raise and expend 
in the work, .stated that the prices ranged from $10 
to $1000. 

" Nothing was done at this meeting, however, 
beyond the constituting of each member of the 
Society a committee of one to solicit subscriptions 
for the monument. 

" At the annual meeting held at Salem Sei)tem- 
ber 4, 1884, much enthusiasm was manifested by 
the comrades present, and a sufiicient amount had 
been subscribed to insure the success of the enter- 
prise. 

"The next step in the matter was the issuing of 
a circular by the committee, giving the object and 
soliciting of the remaining comrades who had not 
contributed. This was responded to very satisfac- 
torily, and on the 8th of March, 1885, the commit- 
tee met and ascertained that with the amount of 
cash in hand and pledged, a monument costing 
eight hundred dollars could be erected. A design 
was next adopted and proposals for the work in- 
vited, and on the 19th of May, 1885, a contract 
was entered into with Mr. Michael Reilly, of Cam- 
den, N. J., for the construction and erection upon 



this s)iot of the iiKHiuiiieiil lor the dedication of 
which you have beeJi invited here at this time. 

'"The work was finally completed in the autumn 
of 1885, but at too late a date for the dedicati(ni to 
take place that year, and the committee decided 
upon May 26, 1886. 

" The material of which the monument is con- 
structed is Richmond granite. Although not, per- 
haps, the most widely known, it has been thor- 
oughly tested by the United States government 
and found to be of fine grain, dense, impervious to 
the elements, and capable of sustaining the great- 
est weight. It is being used in the construction of 
the building to be occupied by the State, War and 
Navy Departments at Washington. 





THE (.TETfYbBURH MONUMENT. 

' ' The base is four feet eight inches square and two 
feet high, with sides rustic-dressed. The sub-base 
is three feet eight inches square and eighteen inches 
high, fine hammered, and lettered, ' 2d Brig. 2d 
Div. 2d Corps.' 

"The die is two feet eight inches square, by four 
feet ten inches in height, polished on the two faces 
fronting Round Top Avenue, and lettered as fol- 
lows : 

" On first face — 

" ' In memory of the men of the Twelfth Regi- 
ment New Jersey Infantry Volunteers, who fell 
upon this field July 2d and 3d, 1863, and who else- 
where died under the flag, this monument is dedi- 



146 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



cated by their surviving comrades as an exaui|)le 
to future generations.' 

" On the second face — 

" ' Buck and Ball, Calibre 69.' 

" ' This regiment made two separate charges on 
the Bliss barn and captured it.' 

" The letters are all sunken, to prevent abrasion 
and the vandalism of relic-hunters. 

"The capstone is three feet two inches square by 
two feet high, upon each face of which has been 
placed the badge of the Second Corps, the trefoil 
raised and polished. 

" It is surmounted by a pedestal, upon which is a 
representation of the missile so effectively used by 
the regiment in repelling the charge of the enemy 
— buck and ball. 

" The aggregate height of the monument is 
twelve feet six inches. The foundation was care- 
fully laid, and the stone has been set in the most 
substantial, careful and durable manner." 

After the conclusion of Comrade Bur- 
roughs' liistorical sketch, addresses were made 
by Captain F. M. Riley, ju'esideut of the 
association, an<l Colonel W. E. Potter, the 
latter bein^ the orator of the day. 

Nine Months Troops. — New Jersey 
sent eleven regiments into the field as lier 
response to the call of President liincoln on 
August 4, 1862, for three hundred thousand 
militia to serve for nine mouths, unless 
sooner discharged. They were numbered 
from the Twenty-first to the Thirty-first, 
both inclusive. In the Twenty-fourth Reg- 
iment, commanded by Colonel Frank 1j. 
Knight, of Camden, were three companies — 
D, E and I — which were raised in Camden 
County by voliuitary enlistment. The mus- 
ter-in took place at Beverly, September 1 6th, 
and arriving at Washington, October 1st, 
the regiment was placed in the provisional 
brigade of Casey's division. On December 
!)th it reached tlie Rappahainiock opjjositc 
Fredericksburg, and was transferred to Kim- 
ball's brigade, of French's division, Second 
Army Corps. In the assault of the 13th, 
raw troops as they were, they advanced 
nearer tlie Confederate defences than any 
other command except the Irisii regiments, 
and lost one hundred and sixty killed and 



wounded in their heroic attack. They held 
tlicir ground tenaciously until relieved, but 
even then were compelled to .seek refuge in 
and about the burning bnildings, where, pros- 
trate on tiie earth, tliey were expo.sed to the 
sliot and shell. Company D lost three 
killed and twelve wounded ; Company E, 
two killed and four wounded ; Company I, 
two killed and sixteen wounded. Caj)tainWar<l 
was .shot through the lungs, and Ca|)tain 
Shinn in the right eye. Lieutenant John O. 
Crowell was wounded in the arm, but (^on- 
tinned fighting until another bullet brought 
fleath to him. 

The regiment resumed camp, from wliicii 
it did not depart for four months. C)n 
Thursday, April 2, 1863, copies of the 
" Peace Resolutions" passed by the New 
Jersey Legislature were received in camji. 
and the men held a mass-meeting at which 
they were indignantly denounced. On May 
3d it was under fire at Chancellorsville, 
suffering a loss of about forty in killed, 
wounded and missing, and was mustered 
out at Beverly, June 29, 1863. 

The rank and file of the Camden com- 
panies of this regiment are here given : 

COMPANY D, TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT NEW 

.TERSEY VOLUNTEERS. 

IThifi company \YaB mustered in September 115,1862, aiul muBtered 

out June 29, 1863, unless otherwise stated.] 

Cnpfain. 
Aaron Ward, dis. May 31, '6;i. 

Fimf Lii'xfeitaiil. 
David W. Bartine, 
S'l'ond l.iejitenaiils. 
(ieo. D. Britton, resigned April 18, 't)8. 
Samuel H. Deal. 

First Seryeiiiit. 
Franklin T. Horman. 
Senjeiintii. 
(;oo|)cr Wiltsey. John Thornton. 

Joseph D. Bates. George H. Lawson. 

•lohn H. Smith. 
Cnrjmrah. 
Benjamin Dilkes. Samuel E. Clark. 

William (-arney. Alphonso T. Chew. 

Nathan R. Hammond. Samuel H. Morton.' 
Thonii's N. Zimmerman. Cornelius H. Strang.' 
> Discharged .January 7, lhi6;i. 
2 Hied December 22, 18G2. 



THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 



147 



John Sinclair. 
George C. Rolirberg. 

I'r 
James ('. Abbott. 
William Abbott. 
Theodore Allen. 
John C Atkinson. 
Hiram I). Beckett. 
Andrew W. Berry. 
John Bischof. 
■Jonathan Brown. 
S. Kennard Bachelder. 
Abraham Camp. 
William H. Oarr. 
William H. (Jhew. 
Charle.s H. Cliflbrd. 
Frederick Denelsbeck. 
Charles F. Dilks.' 
Charles H. Davis. ' 
Henry B. Dickinson.' 
Dana L. Dunbar.* 
Charles Errickson.^ 
William H. Fowler. 
Antonio Fiebiger." 
Aaron C. Fowler." 
Jacob Giffins. 
William Giffins. 
Adolph Goetz. 
James Guice. 
Charles P. Gunning. 
William Haines. 
Thomas R. Hammond. 
Samuel Haywood. 
Adolph Heller. 
Benjamin Hoffman. 
John M. Holston. 
Hiram HuCsey. 
Martin V. Haines.' 
Jonathan R. Henry .^ 



Richard S. Lutz, mus. 
Mathias JM. Chew, mus 
ivatex. 
Abraham Jiuies. 
Jonas T. Jackson.'" 
Jesse King. 
Leonard Knorr. 
Charles W. Leeary. 
Samuel Leddou. 
Samuel Lonstreth. 
John Lee. 
William Mason. 
Henry Matchinskey. 
John McCarty. 
Alexander IMurray. 
Daniel Murphy." 
George McClernan.'-' 
John Prasch. 
John W. Peter.son. 
George Reckelcomb. 
John Reckelcomb. 
Shepherd Rossell. 
Ferdinand Saxe. 
Abraham L. Shan'. 
Sylvester Sharf. 
John Simkins. 
John Simpkins. 
George Salzgaher.'' 
James Stevenson." 
Benjamin Turner. 
Isaac Turner. 
James Turner. 
Robert W. Turner." 
John R. Walters. 
Uriah Wilson, 
.lobn F. Wolf. 
William J. Wolf. 
Theodore F. Worth.'" 
Andrew Welsh. 



' Discharged December 1.5, 1802. 

^ Died March Hi, 1863. 

» Died November 28, 186'2. 

< Died December 13, 1862. 

' Discharged April 12, 1863. 

« Discharged March 24, 1863. 

' Discharged February 25, 1863. 

" Discharged ,Iune 5, 1863. 

» Died December 13, 1862. 

'" Killed in action December 13, 1862. 

'' Discharged October 31, 1802. 

'■^ Killed iu action December 13. 1862. 

" Discharged May 21, 1863. 

'* Discharged April 8, 1863. 

'= Died June 9, 1863. 

16 Died December 13, 1862. 



Joiia.s Jackson and George IMcClellau, of 
tlii.s company, were killed in battle December 
13, 1862, and Theodore F. Worth is reported 
as havinir died on the same day. 



CDMP-VXY E, 



IMKNT NEW 



TWENTY-FOURTH 
.JERSEY VOLUNTEERS. 

[Tliis . utiipimy was mustered in Septenibor 16, 1802, hikI mustt 
out .lune ■29, 1.SC3, unless otherwise stated. | 

Captain. 

Augustus Sailer. 

Btrst Lifiitenaiit. 

Edward C. Cattell. 

Second Lieutenant. 

Charles W. Wilkius. 

Firsl Sergeants. 

Samuel A. I)eal.'= William N. Hewitt. 

Seri/eaiits. 
(reorge W. Bailey. Henry C. England. 

Nathan Paul. Isaac Cowgill. 

Corpn)'als. 



W. Tbackara Cozens 
Isaac L. Fowler. 
Robert W. Hughes. 
Clark R. Tomlin. 
Charles W. Clement. 
Benjamin F. Stetser. 



John B. Simmons." 
John Sinclair." 
John F. Gaskill.-^" 
Luke Reeves. 
Charles Farr.-' 
George F. Hannold." 
John L. Huff. 
Privates. 



Harrison T. Adams. 
William E. Atkinson. 
Charles H. Bacon. 
,Iohn H. Boody. 
John L. Baily.-^ 
Enos W. Bates.^* 
Joseph T. Bates.-^ 
George W. Cattell. 
Edward H. Cooper. 
Hanson S. Cooper. 
Charles Cowgill. 
Coleman Curran. 
Thomas P. Casperson.-' 
George Y. Davis. 
Richard D. Davis. 
William H. Dilks. 
Andrew Eisile. 



Arthur P. Ellis.-' 
John Gallagher. 
Charles G. Garrison. 
William Gold. 
Chester Green. 
Daniel S. Groff. 
Edward P. Hall. 
John W. Hannold. 
Amariah Hollis. 
Charles Hood. 
James H. Hughes. 
William C. Hurt.-" 
John H. Ireland. 
John L. Jordan." 
Richard Jones.'" 
Barclay D. Kelly. 
John Keller. 



"Pro. 2d lieut. Co. i) .\pril 14, '63. 

'8 Dlsch Feb. 6, '63. 

'»Disch. -Vpril 11, '63. 

■-" Disoh. Mar. 19, 'Ii3. 

2' Died Dec. 24, 62. 

"DiedDec. 26, '62. 

23Disch May 21, "63. 



■-■'Disch. March 3, '63. 
-5 Died ,\lai-ch9, '63. 
'"Disch. March 18, '63. 
-^ Died Dec. 13, '62. 
-'"Died Dec. 13, '62. 
=» Disch Jan. 7, '63. 



' Killed in action Dec. 13, '62. 



148 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Samuel L. P. Murphy. 
Isaiah Magee.' 
John Mapes.'- 
Joseph W. Miller.' 
Benjamin F. Murray.* 
Frederick P. Neil. 
Lawrence R. Nuss. 
George Owens. 
Samuel Paul. 
William Pettitt. 
Fithian Parker.* 
J. Alexander Packer.'' 
William Rambo. 
Henry Ramsey. 
William Randless. 
John Reed. 



William D. Sheets." 
William C. Sparks. 
Joseph T. String. 
Edward Tallman. 
Rufus C. Thomson. 
William L. Thomson. 
Joseph W. Tomlin. 
John W. Tonkin. 
John E. Touser. 
William T. Turpin. 
William B.Tusiiey. 
Martin H. Tanner." 
James H. Vanneman. 
Charles S. Warner. 
Charles Weiley. 
Aaron Wilkins. 



Corporals. 



William S. Richardson. William M. Woollard. 



Edward Russell. 
John W. Randless." 
Jeremiah J. Snethen. 
David H. Sparks. 
Charles W. Stevens. 



John Wood. 
John L. Wood. 
George W. Warner.'" 
Joseph C. D. Williams.' 
William Yerricks. 



The names of those of this company who 
were killed are Richard Jones, Alexander J. 
Packer, Jo.seph C. D. Williams and Luke 
Reeves, who lo.st their lives in the engage- 
ment at Fredericksburg, Virginia, December 
13, 1862. After, the expiration of the term of 
service most of tlie survivors re-enlisted and 
joined regiments in the three years service. 

COMPANY I, TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT NEW 
JERSEY VOLUNTEERS. 

[This company was mustered in September IG, 18(12, ami nmstert-d 
out. I line 29, 1863, unless otherwise stiitcii.J 

Captain. 

William C. Shinn. 

First Lieutctmiits. 

John O. Crowell,'- James L. Woodward." 

Second Lieutenant 

Henry S. Spaulding.'-' 

First Sergeant. 

Charles F. Fackler. 

Sergeants. 

Chaa H. Shinn, Jr. Joseph D. Wilson. 

Wm. W. Eiselc. Thomas Law. 

Emanuel M. Kirk. 



iDisch. Jau. 19, '(>?,. 
^Disoh. Mar. 26, '63. 
3Disch. Feb. 23, '63. 
*Disch. Jan. 14, '63. 
6 Died Dec. 13, '62. 
sKilled Dec. 13, '62. 



' Disch. Mar. 17, '63. 

sDiscli. Feb. 6, '63. 

9 Disch. Mar. 3, '63. 
'" Di.seh. Dec. 14, '62. 
11 Killed Dec. 13, '62. 
" Killed Dec. 13, '62. 



Robert C. Parviu, 
Chas. H. McAnney. 
Ransome Shoemaker. 
George J. Broadwater. 
Nathaniel O. Gandv. 



Edward L. Crowell. 
Joseph H. McAnney." 
James McClernand.'* 
Daniel Williams, mus. 
Daniel Osborne, mus. 



John W. Adams. 
Levi H. Atkinson. 
Isaac Collins Baker. 
Miles Bates. 
Samuel A. Bates. 
Harvey Beach. 
John L. Beckett. 
Henderson S. Biggs. 
James Biggs. 
Henry Brill. 
John H. Brockington. 
John R. Burroughs.'" 
Joseph H. Button.'' 
Howard Beebe.'^ 
William Chew, Jr. 
Ambrose P. Clark. 
Adrian Clunn. 
Joseph C. Comer. 
George Conly. 
Eli Craig. 
George Clark. 
Lawrence E. Cake.'" 
Wm. H. Chamberlain. 
Nathan Comer. 
Robert Dean. 
John W. Downs. 
Lamar M. Daniels.-' 
Nicholas S. Derringer. 
Abram C. Dilks. 
John Fetters. 
John Alexander Fish. 
Wm. Fowler. 
Jacob T. Fish.-' 
Wm. L. Galbraith. 
John Garrett. 
Thomas Gibbs. 
Henry Goldenberg. 



Privates. 

John George Gramme!. 
Wm. E. Hagerman, Jr. 
Joseph 1). Hendricksou. 
Henry H. Hughes. 
Wm. Sagers. 
Isaac P. Johnson, 
.lames C. Jones. 
Conrad Krautz. 
Samuel Lindsay. 
Richard B. Lippincott. 
Levi B. Marshall. 
John Marshall. 
Charles Miller. 
Paulen Nelson. 
Oliver Ogden. '-' 
Joshua P. Parker. 
Lewman H. Park hurst. 
John M. Plum. 
George Parks.'' 
Wm. B. Parks.-" 
Fvlijah Porch.'-' 
John Ridgeway. 
David Rile. 

Ephraim C. Richmond.^' 
George C. Saul. 
John W. Saul. 
Charles Scott. 
Peter S. Shivers. 
Israel Stiles. 
George J. Stewart. 
Christian L. Sharp.» 
Thomas E. Sharp.^" 
Philip G. Simpkins." 
Elvy Simpkins.^'^ 
Levi B. Tice. 
Samuel S. Tomlinson. 
Charles Trapper. 



" Mustered iu Jan. 15, '63. 



'< Disch. March 23, '63. 

'5 Died May 3, '63. 

"■Pro. q. m.-sergt. Sept. 20, '62. 

1' Disch. Feb. 2"), '63. 

'"Died Dec. 13, '62. 

19 Killed in action Dec. 13, '62. 

-•" Died April 19, '63. 

-' Died April 18, '63. 

■"Died Dec. 16, '62. 

"Disch. Jan. 29, '63. 



" Disch. Feb. 4, '63. 
=5 Disch. Dec. 31, '62. 
-« Disch. March 16. '63. 
■-'Disch. Jan. 4, '63. 
■^ Disch. May 4, '63. 
^9 Disch. Feb. 25, '63. 
■™ Disch. Feb. 16, '63. 
»' Disch. March 1, '63. 
»-' Died March 18, '68. 



THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 



149 



Charles E. Tule. Samuel P. Wescoat. 

Isaac T. Vannenian. Eli Wilson. 

John F. Walker. Joseph R. Wescoat.' 
Jacob Weiss. 

Of this company, First Ijieutenant John O. 
Crowell and Private Lawrence E. Cake were 
liilled in the battle of Fredericksburg, De- 
cember 13, 1862. 

Company H, Twenty-eighth Regi- 
ment. — The only other organization of nine 
months troops from Camden County was 
Company H, of the Twenty-eighth Regiment, 
which was mustered in September 22, 18<)2, 
and left Freehold October 2d for Washing- 
ton. It was brigaded with the Twenty-fourth 
Regiment, and had about the same experience 
as that command at the battle of Fredericks- 
burg. Its killed were fourteen ; wounded, 
one hundred and forty-seven ; and missing, 
twenty-nine. After its participation in the 
battle of Chancellorsville it was marched 
back to camp at Falmouth, and on July 6 
18();3, was mustered out. 

COMPANY H, TWENTY-EIGHTH REIilMENT NEW 

JERSEY VOLUNTEER.S. 

[Thi3 company was mustered in September '12, I8()2, and ujuatereii 

out July 6, 1863, unless otherwise stated.] 

Cajiiaiii. 
Manly S. Peacock.^ 

First Lieutenant. 

Benjamin C. Rulon. 

Second Lieutenant. 

John T. Smith. 

Fint Sergeant. 

Charles H. Rogers. 

Sergeants. 

William C. Fees. 
Thomas E. Clarke." 
David H. Westcoat.* 
Corporal.-). 

Henry Day. 
Joseph S. Pike. 
George W. Bittle. 
James Sinclair.' 



John Cleavenger. 
John W. Moore. 
Richard Richards 



Cornelius C. Pease. 
Josiah E. Giberson. 
Robert Smith. 
James H. Townsend 
William H. Agins. 



Musicians. 
Richard E. Elwell. William H. Dilka. 

Wagoner. 
Edward M. Kelhim. 

Prirates. 
Christian Apple. Joshua J. Livzey. 

John Bates. Franklin Vj. Lloyd. 

Henry C. Beebe. William Leslie." 

William Bennett. Thomas Macunn. 

(teorge Brill. William Marshall. 

Joseph Buzby. Henry McCully. 

Richard Buzby. Samuel L. Miller. 

Isaac Bosure." .lohn L. Morey." 

David Bates.' David Newman. 

Joseph Cane. David II. Nichols. 

William P. Carr. James Parker. 

David L. Carter. Santuel H. Parker. 

James L. Casto. John E. Pike. 

Thomas E. Combes. Joseph J. Pike. 

Alexander Cooke. Henry Parker. 

Charles Clements." James Ripley. 

Edward Dixon. John D. Rodgers. 

Thomas L. Dixon. William B. Ross. 

William Dolan. William Robinson." 

•fohn W. Darnell.'' Benjamin S. Ross.-" 

William W. Dill.'" Richard Seely. 

Louis EngarJ. George Shaw. 

Andrew Elberson." .lohn Sinclair, Jr. 

George Fish. Charles Seymour." 

Charles J. Fees.'- Benjamin Simpkins." 

Charles Fowler.'^ Samuel Simpkins.'-' 

David Ford.'* John W. Snrran." 

Jacob I). Hawk. George Thomp.son. 

Benjamin Hinchman. Charles Van Lear. 
Benjamin W. Hughes. William Webb. 
Joseph F. Hughes. Thomas West. 

Benjamin H. Hughes.'' David D. Winner. 
William G. Iredell.'" Cooper J. Watson.'^ 
Charles Johnson. .loseph Williams.^" 

David Ford is the only soldier reported a.s 
being killed from this company. He lost his 
life iu the battle of Fredericksburg, \^a., 
December 13, 1862. 



'Disch. March 21, 'tiS. 

■ Resigned March 'lb, 18t'i3. 

3 Discharged .January 10, 1863 

■" Died March U, 18C3. 

5 Died January 10, 1863. 



6 Dis. March 24, 18G3. 
' Died Dec. 13, 1862. 
'Dis. April 1, 1863. 
9 Dis. April 4, 18ti3. 
1" Dis. April 16, 1863. 
" Died Dec. 13, 1862. 
'^ Dis. May 10, 1863. 
" Dis. April 14, 1863. 
»J Killed Dec 13, 1862. 
'i Died Jan. 19, 1863. 
'« Died March 9, 1863. 



'" Dischiirged April 1, 1863. 
's Died December 6, 18()2. 
'» Discliarged Feb. 10, 1863. 
-" Discharged Jan. 26, 1863. 
■^1 Discharged Feb. 11,1864. 
■" Discharged April 1, 1863. 
-' Discharged April 9, 1863. 
-^ Discharged April 1, 1863. 
-s Dis. March 24, 1863. 
-6 Discharged May 23, 1863. 



150 



HISTORY OF CA.MDEX COUNTY. NEW JERSEY. 



Emeruexcv Comi'.vnies. — When Lee 
invaded Penn.sylvania in June, 1863, Gov- 
ernor Curtin, of that State, appealed to the 
other loyal State.? for assistance, and on 
June 17th the Governor of New Jersey 
called for volunteers for thirty day.s to aid in 
repelling tiie enemy. James M. Seovel at 
once recruited an independent company in 
Camden, which was mustered in on June 
19th. It left for Harrisburg the same day 
and was assigned to duty under General 
Couch. At the end of the thirty days 
service the company was returned to Trenton 
for discharge. Its roster was as subjoined : 

Captain. 

James M. Seovel. 

First Lieutenant. 

Timothy C. Moore. 

Second Lkutenant. 

George Holl. 

First Serijeaiit. 

James Lane. 

Sergeant.i. 

Jas. V. Gib.son. Ernest Troth. 

George E. Webb. Francis C. Vanhorn. 

Corporals. 
Joseph M. Cooper. Sylvester Birdsell. 

P. J. Murray. Benj. Wright. 

Lawrence Breyer. John Capewell. 

Wni. Wible. Henry Smith. 

Privaies. 
.(oseph Bates. John Kline. 

Anthony Bernard. Wni. Mahoney. 

Henry Breyer. .Tames McCormick. 

Wm. Buodick. Peter Quiu. 

Jo-seph Burton. Mich. Leibinlitz. 

Simpson Campbell. ICnocli Shootz. 

John Decker. .fohn Smith. 

Wni. Dorman. .lames Snowe. 

Goo. Dosinger. David Sparks. 

John Dovey. Isaac H. Stowe. 

Tho.s. Dovey. Geo. Tenner. 

John Fenner. Benj. Todd. 

Henry Figley. Benj. Tyre. 

Edw. Giftbrd. (Jio. Ward. 

Henry Gilbert. .lames Wilson. 

John Guyant. William Wilson. 

Frank Hewett. David Wood. 

John Hill. Frederick Wood. 

Wm. C. Kaighu. Henry Belisle. 

H. Kelly. John Campbell. 



John Coats. John McGuin. 

Josiah Davis. Josiah Mead. 

David W. Hutton. David D. Middleton. 

Henry Ivins. John Stetzer. 

Marylaxi) Emergency Mex. — In the 
early part of July, 1864, Washington and 
Baltimore were endangered by an invasion 
of the enemy. ^V battle had been fought 
within a few miles of Baltimore, and com- 
munication with Washington interrupted.' 
In view of this emergency, Governor Parker, 
of New Jersey, issued a proclamation dated 
Trenton, July 12, 1864, calling for the or- 
ganization of the militia for thirt}' days ser- 
vice in Penn.sylvania, Maryland and the 
District of Columbia. Under the call the 
company from Camden reported for duty, 
was accepted, and mustered in at Camden, 
N. J., July 14, 1864, for thirty days. It 
left the State, July 15th, for Baltimore, and 
on arrival reported to Major-General Lew 
Wallace, commanding the Middle Depart- 
ment. It was stationed at the Relay House, 
near Baltimore, and wjls attached to the 
First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps. 
Upon expiration of terni of service it re- 
turned to New Jersey and was mustered out 
at Camden, August 15, 1864. It was known 
as Company A, First New Jersey Militia, 
and this was its membership : 

COMPANY A. 

Captain. 
Richard H. Lee. 

First Lieutenant. 
William C. Shinu. 

Second Lieiiteitant. 
Charles F. Kain. 

First Sergeant. 
Cliarles T. Stratton. 

Sergeants. 
Samuel H. Elder. Samuel \V. Caldwell. 

Robert T. Wood. Samiu-1 Ihifty. 

( 'iiporats. 
Eugene Troth. Warren H. Somers. 

John Guyant. . Edward S. Stratton. 

Charles F. Fackler. Edward ('. Shinn. 

William AvLs. Henry H. Wilson. 



THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 



151 



M>l: 

Charles Page. 

Pn 
SavilHoii \V. L. Archer. 
Townsend .Vtkin.inn. 
Martin V. Beicccii. 
Thoma.s Bleyler. 
Isaac A. Braddock. 
Benj. M. Braker. 
Samuel Brown. 
William Brenning. 
Edward Biirrough. 
.lohn R. Burrnugli. 
Joseph Cameron. 
Paul Casey. 
George W. Cheeseman. 
William Clark, 
.fohn Coats. 
Charle.s K. Coles, 
.lohn K. Cowperthwaite, 
Josiah Davis. 
Samuel W. Dilks. 
Charles Drew. 
Aaron B. Eacritt. 
Benjamin Elberson. 
Aaron Ellis. 
James Emley. 
Hiram X. Fairchild. 
.laoob Fetters. 
.Fohn H. Fine. 
Simpson Force. 
Henry H. Fox. 
Alfred French. 
Samuel T. Fulweiler. 
Robert Giberson. 
Wm. Z. Gib.son. 
John Grant. 
John Hallowell. 
Stacy W. Hazleton. 
Frank Hewitt. 
Wm. Holland. 



Edwin Wallace. 
ratfs. 

.lohn Hollis. 
Wm. ly. Hozey. 
.lohn Hughes. 
Thomas S. Hunter. 
Alfred Husback. 
Wm. N. Jackson. 
Wm. Jenkins. 
Richard M. Johnson. 
Isaac Jorden. 
Ephraim Kenible. 
Aaron W. Knight. 
Wm. W. Margerum. 
Ephraim T. Mead. 
David D. Middleton. 
Enoch A. Mitchell. 
Samuel C. Mitchell. 
David Morgan, 
.lohn Powell. 
Walter A. Rink. 
Henry Sandman, 
.lames M. Scovel. 
Harry Settey. 
Isaac Shreeves. 
Isaac A. Shute. 
Charles Sparshott. 
P'dward Sparshcjtl. 
Charles R. Stockton. 
James W. String. 
Charles C. Stutzer. 
Richard C. Thompson. 
.Fames F. Tomlin. 
Garrett A. Tompkins. 
Azohel R. Van leer. 
Edward S. Westcott. 
Albert Whippey. 
George L. White. 
Samuel Winner. 
Norton Woodruft". 



Thirty-fourth Regiment. — This regi- 
ment, of which Company A, of Camden 
County, was a part, was raised during the 
summer and autumn of 1863, and was mus- 
tered in for three years at Trenton in October. 
Its lieutenant -colonel was Timothy C. 
Moore, of Camden, who became colonel in 
October, 186-5. Ou November 16, 1863, 
the regiment left Trenton and was sent to 
Ea.stport, Miss., and thence to Union City, 
Tenn. On January 21, 1864, it was con- 



stituted the garrison of Cohimbus, Ky., and 
when summoned V)y (ieiipral Rut'ord to sur- 
render. Colonel Lawrence gave a defiant an- 
swer and repulsed him after a sliirinisii ol' 
some hours" duration. In December, 1864, it 
was ordered to the Sixteenth Corps, and on 
.\pril 8th and 9th took part in tiie assault 
and capture of tiie defen,ses of ^lobile. This 
regiment remained in the service, doing pro- 
vost duty in Alabama, until April 10, 1866, 
when it was mu.stered out. It had tiie honor 
of being the last regiment from Xeir .TiTxeij to 
leave the serrice of the United Sliitcs. It tiioiv 
part in the following- named engagements: 
Columbu.s, Ky., April 13, 1864 ; Hickman, 
Ky., June 10, 1864; Mayfield, Ky., Septem- 
ber 1, 1864; Paris Landing, Ky., October 
31, 1864; Nashville, December 27, 1864; 
Fort Hugar, Mobile, April 2, 1865 ; Spanish 
Fort, Mobih^, April 3-4, 1865; and Fort 
Blakeley, Mobile, April 5-!t, 18(i5. This 
regiment, though called into active service 
late in its history, never failed to do its entire 
duty. The following is the roster of the 
Camden County company : 

COMIWNY A, THIRTY-FOURTH REGIMEXT NKW 
.lERSEY VOLUKTEERS. 

[Tliisr,.iiin;iTi)- W!Ui iiiustereil in September 3, 1SG3, and nnis|pr.-il 
..111 .\pnirtO, ISr.H, imleS8othel\vi8.>Btiitc.l.| 

Captains. 
f>lmund G. Jackson, dis. Sept. 3, '(i2. 
Elisha V. (Jlover, Jr., May Ifi, '(i4. 

First lAeiileiKints. 
Wm. Stanley, .lune 22, 'M \ pro. capt. Co. H .Ian. 

.S, 'tv'). 
John i-^chwartz, .Vpril I'O, '(15. 

Si'conil I.ieuteiianis. 
Richard .1. Moore, res. June 21, '64. 
James M. Cogans, July 22, '(i4; dis. May 1.5, 'Ho. 

JFVrst Sergeants. 
Joseph H. Compton, pro. 2d lieut. Co. G Oct. 2, 't)4. 
Daniel Epstein. 

Scrgcmits. 
Jacob Geiger. 
Henry McCoy. 
Joseph Crockford. 
J. E. Hollhian, Nov. 9, '08. 
Peter Karge, dis. March 9, '(>(). 
John Laughlin, dis. June 13, '65. 
J. S. Hyland, July 7, '64; trans, to Co. G. 



152 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Curporah. 
C. J. B. Benson. Sept. 8, 64 ; (lis. June <i, '(io. 
Joseph Moore, June 18, '64. 
C. Manuel, Nov. 9, '63 ; dis. Jan. 6, 'm. 
W. T. G. Young, Feb. 21, '65 ; dis. Feb. 20, '6t 
Wra. Cogan, March 27, '65 ; dis. March 26, '66 
Thos. Johnston, March 27, '65 ; dis. March 26, 
Peter Groh. 

Hyronimus Terring, Nov. 9, '63. 
Stephen Bailey, died Sept. 18, '64. 
Randolph Hampton, killed in action April 9, ' 
Charles Smith. 
Josiah Hickman, musician. 
Geo. H. Pullen, musician. 
Benjamin D. Colkitt, wagoner. 
Charles Brister, colored cook, Nov. 9, '63. 
Charles Coward, colored cook, Nov. 9, '63. 

Pri.nntes. 
Andrew Armington, Feb. 25, '65 ; dis. Feb. 24, ' 
Charles Adams, Nov. 9, '63. 
John Allen. 

JohuG. Allen, .July 24, 64. 
William Anderson. 
William Andrews. 
Henry Armstrong, Nov. 9, '63. 
John Barth, June 24, '64; dis. June 19, '()5. 
Wm. Becker. 

Wm. Behan, March 25, '65 ; dis. March 24, "66. 
George Bowers, Nov. 9, '6:^. 
Robert M. Brown. 
John Brudeu. 

John C. Bryant, April 19, '64 ; trans, to Co. E. 
Joseph Bozarth, died Sept. 1, '65. 
Wm. Badger. 
Francis Baldwin. 
Wm. Barger, June 3, '64. 
Thomas Banfield, June 23, '64. 
William Berger. 
James Black. 
James Brady, Feb. 4, '65. 
Patrick Brady, July 5, '64. 
James Branen. 
William Brown. 
Wm. Brown, Jan. 18, '65. 
Thomas Burke. 
Patrick Burns. 
John Barber, Oct. II, '64. 
David Cowman. 
. Wm. Challis. 

Charles Chamberlain, must, out July 22, '(i5. 
John Collins, Feb. 25, '65 ; must, out Feb. 24, 'ili 
Israel M. Grain. 

Wm. H. Clark, Aug. 2, '(>4 ; trans, to Co. F. 
Charles Clemens, died July 8, '65. 
.John Cassidy, Nov. 9, '63. 



Louis Courld. 

.John K. Cowperthwaite, Feb. 21, '65. 

Jesse Day re, trans, to 69th Pa. Regt. 

Edward Deichman, Nov. 9, '6.'i ; trans, to V. R. C. 
i. Edward Dougherty, Feb. 9, '65 ; trans, to Co. K. 

Reading Davis, Dec. 23, '64 ; died April 20, '65. 
'66. Charles Dougherty, drowned Sept. 2, '64. 

Patrick Daily, Feb. 4, '65. 

William Davis. 

William Davis, Oct. 11, '64. 

65. Adolph Deneler, June 24, '64. 
Albert Deurschnable, Nov. 9, '63. 
Thomas Doogery, Sept. 13, '64. 
John H. Dresman. 

Charles Duffy. 

.Tohn Duffy. 

(ieorge Dunning, A|)ril 16, '64. 

Charles Eck, April 6, '65, trans, to Co. B. 

66. Charles Edwards, June 1, '64, trans, to Co. B. 
Frank Engle, Nov. 9, '63, trans, to 19th Pa. Cav. 
Harry Emcrick, Nov. 9, '63, 

Charles Everhard, Nov. 9, '63. 
Killian Fendrick, Sept. 6, '64, disch. Aug. 5, '65. 
Edward Fuller, March 29, '65, disch. March 28,'66. 
("has. F. Fackler, Sept. 6, '64, disch. Oct. 7, '64. 
Fred. Fulmer, Nov. 9, '63, died Sept. 5, '65. 
Samuel G. Fox. 
Charles Frederick, Nov. 9, '63. 
Louis Frotcher, Nov. 9, '63. 
Wm. Gardner, Oct. 4, '64, disch. Nov. 20, '65. 
Thos. Giblin, April 6, '65, disch. April 5, 'i\[i. 
Wm. Gould, disch. Nov. 20, '65. 
Daniel Green. 

Charles G.Green, disch. .lune 10, '65. 
James Green, Nov. 9, '63, died April 20, '65. 
Joseph H. Girven, died August 7, '64. 
Jacob Gallagher. 
Albert J. Green, April 29, '64. 
John Grim, .Tune 8, "64. 
.lames Headley. 
Thos. Herbert. 

Valentine Hoffman, April lo, '65, ilis. April 9, '66. 
William Hooper. 

O. F. Howell, March 23, 'ti5, disch. March 22, '66. 
John Hoy, March 16, '65, disch. August 9, '(16. 
John R. Hull, March 11, '65, disch. March 10, '66. 
,Iohn Hunter, Sept. 3, '64, disch. June 6, '65. 
Thomas Hcailley, Sept. 9, '64. 
Charles Hooper, disch. April 23, 'iid. 
Benjamin Hackney, Feb. 21, '65, trans, to Co. II. 
;. Wni. Harrison, July 14, '64, trans, to Co. F. 
Thomas Healey, Feb. 20, '65, trans, to Co. E. 
Isaiah Horton, Feb. 21, '65, trans, to Co. H. 
.lohn Heerlein, April 13, "65, died .Vug. 6, 'iio. 
Charles Hotl'man, Nov. 9, '63, died Aug. 9, '65. 



THE WAR FOR THE UXIOX 



153 



E. B. Holding, June 14, '(i4, liied Feb. 4, 'H"i. 
Henry Hopkins, Nov. 9, 'liS. 
.loseph Ireland, Feb. 21, 'ti5, trans, to Co. H. 
Napoleon Jules, April 8, '(15, disch. April 7, 't'i'>. 
Wm. B. James, April 5, '()5, trans, to Co. B. 
Peter Johnson, March 28, 'G.i, trans, to Co. B. 
Jerome Judd, Sept. 12, 'ii4, trans to Co. G. 
Henry Jackson. 
Francis Jones. 
Robert Keller, Nov. 9, '63. 
William Kelly. 

A. G. Kircliner, April 1, 'ii.=>, di.wh. Oct. 28, '65. 
Epbraim Kraui. 
Richard Kripps, Nov. 9, '63. 
Godfield Kuhn, disch. July 12, '65. 
Luther Kennedy, trans to V. R. C. 
Charles Kuhn, trans, to pro. marshal. 
John H. Keating, March 6, '65. 
.John W. Kimball. 
John Kirchuer. June 28, '64. 
Edward King, April 16, '64. 
John Luddy, April 10, '65, disch. April 7, '66. 
George Linn, Nov. 9, '63, disch. May 5, '64. 
Wni. Long, Jan. 17, '64, disch. Sept. 30, '64. 
John H. Ladham, March 8, '65, trans, to Co. F. 
Charles Landelt, April 10, '65, died July 21 , '65. 
Albert Lee. 

John Lafertv, Nov.9, '63. 
Robert M. Long. 
William Mathews, June 10, '64. 
John McDonald, Sept. 20, '64, dis. June 6, '65. 
Peter McGinley. 
Peter Mclntyre, dis. June 17, '65. 
John Messner, April 13, '65, dis. Oct. 28, '65. 
Philip Midas. 

Charles G. Moore, dis. Aug. 18, '65. 
Patrick McGentry,Sept. 16, '64, dis. Oct. 2, '64. 
Michael Monahan, Sept. 12, '64, trans, to Co. G. 
Samuel McCoiinell, July 20, '64, tran.s. to Co. F. 
Francis P. Marsh, died May 23, '65. 
John Miller, Nov. 9, '63, dis. Aug. 16, 'm. 
Louis Miller, drowned May 19, '64. 
Richard Mansfield. 
William Martin, Feb. 3, '65. 
John Mathews, Jan. 10, '65. 
Frederick Metz, June 17, '64. 
William McGill, Nov. 9, '63. 
Francis McGinley. 
Michael Moran. 
Thomas Morau. 
.lames Murphy, Nov. 9, "6:i. 
Thomas Murphy. 
John L. Myres. 
James MeCarty, May 2ii, '64. 
.loseph S. Nayior. 
20 



Peter F. Xicluils, Dec. 2S, '64, dis. FeU. 2, '66. 

Patrick Noonan, June 14, '64, dis. Ocl. 24, '65. 

William O'Brien, Feb. S, '65. 

.lohn O'Connor, March 21. '65. 

Theodore W. Price, died .Aug. 4. 'i>4. 

J(din Owens. 

.\ngnst Ramus, April 8, 'ti5, dis. .\pril 7, 'ii6. 

.lohn Riordan, April 7. '65, trans, to Co. (.'. 

.lohn Ranch. 

William M. Reed. 

.lohn Riley. 

William Roberts. 

Stephen Roouey. 

Frank Rupiuni. Nov. 9, '63. 

Israel Schaad. 

George H. Snyder. 

Peter Stidham,Sept. 9, '64, di.s. Sept. 7, '65. 

James R. Sweeney, Feb. 28, '65, dis. Feb. 25, 'C>G. 

Henry Schmidt, April 6, '65, trans, to Co. C. 

Valentine Silberer, Nov. 9, '63, tr. to 19th Pa. Cdx. 

John T. Shaw, dis. July 25, '64. 

David Sweeney, died Feb. 29, '64. 

Henry Saunders. Nov. 9, '63. 

.John Scanlon. 

George W. Smith, April 5, '65. 

William Smith. 

John Stanton. 

David Stephens. 

Henry Stover, Jan. 10, '65. 

Thomas Shardon, May 20, '64. 

John C. Thomas, Feb. 20, '65, dis. July 7, '65. 

Francis Tippin, March 13, '65, dis. March 22, '65. 

Abraham Tyler, died Feb. 4, '64. 

Richard Ulbrich, April 6, '65, trans, to Co. C. 

Francis Weaver, Oct. 4, '64, dis. Nov. 20, '65. 

Waldo 'VVilkes, April 11, '65, dis. April 10, '65. 

John Wilson, Oct. 4, '64, dis. June 16, '65. 

.Tohu Wilkes, May 16, '64, trans, to Co. D. 

Charles Williams, Nov. 9, '63, died June 7, '65 

Christopher Winters, died Sept. 16, '63. 

William White. 

Patrick Wiggins, Feb 4, '65. 

Thomas Wilde. 

John Williams. 

John H. Wilson, Feb 20, '64. 

Jacob Wine, Nov. 9, '63. 

Antonio Witzel. 

Charles Weaver, May 20, '64. 

In all, tliirly-two (Munpaiiics id" inlaiitry 
were raised in ( 'anidcn ( "oiinty hclwct'ii 
the heginuint;- ami cbisc ni' the war, fur .sorv- 
ice under tlie I'liiled .Slates govenunent. 
('oni|irisino- withiTi its limits, aeeordint;- t<i 



154 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



tlie census of 1860, a pojnilation of but 
34,457, uu coiunuinity perhaps iu the coun- 
try sent a larger proportion of its able- 
bddied men to fight for the preservation 
(jf the Union. They made for them- 
selves an untarnished reputation as brave, 
efficient and well-disciplined soldiers in the 
Army of the Potomac, in the Army of the 
Shenandoah, in the Carolinas and in the 
West; many sealed their courage and de- 
votion with their blood, and the survivors 
i-eturned to receive the gratitude and plaudits 
of their fellow-citizens, and i)e honored so 
long as pati'iotism shall endure. 

Gkn. Joshua B. Howeli, was Ixirn at 
Fancy Hill, the site of the family mansion 
of the HowelLs, Woodbury, N. J., September 
n, 1806. He was educated in the academy 
of that place and in Philadelphia, where he 
studied law under the direction of Richard 
C. Wood, an able lawyer of that day, and after 
admission to the bar, removed in the fall of 
1828, to Uniontown, Fayette County, where 
he commenced the practice of his profession, 
and where he soon won prominence. From his 
early boyhood he took an interest in military 
ailairs, and when he attained manhood he 
joined a military company, was promoted 
from one position to another until he became 
a brigadier-general under the old militia 
.system, and was known as a skillful disciplin- 
arian. When the Civil War began he was 
nearly fifty-five years of age, yet he promptly 
ottered his services to the national govern- 
ment, and was chosen colonel of the Eighty- 
fifth Regiment of I'enn.sylvania Volunteers 
in November, 1861. His command, in 1862, 
joined in tiie Peninsular Campaign against 
Richmond. 

At the battle of Williamsburg, Colonel 
Howell commanded a brigade and received 
special mention for meritorious services. At 
Fair Oaks his regiment was distinguished 
for bravery, and on the retreat of the Union 
forces from White Oak Swamp to Harrison's 
Landing it was for a considerable time in 



the rear of IMcClellan's army, stubbornly 
contesting the ground with the advancing 
enemy. At the close of the Peninsular 
Campaign, Colonel Howell's health was se- 
riously impaired. He obtained leave of ab- 
sence for a time, which he spent among his 
friends in New Jersey, and then joined his 
command near Fortress Monroe. His regi- 
ment then occupied Sutt'olk until January, 

1863, when he was promoted to the command 
which was attached to the ex])edition, under 
(iencral Hunter, against Charleston, 8. C. 
His i)rigade was the first to capture P^olly 
Island, a foothold by means of which (iene- 
ral Gillmore was enabled to capture IMorris 
Island, at Charleston Plarbor, shortly before 
the fall of Fort Wagner. General Howell 
suffered a concussion of the brain from the 
explosion of a .shell, and was relieved on a 
furlough. After recuperation he retui'ne<l 
to his brigade at Hilton Head, and com- 
manded that district, including Fort Pulaski, 
Tybce Island and St. Helena Island, the 
approaches to Savannah, until ordered to 
Fortress Monroe to join the forces of (ieneral 
Butler, in the campaign against Richmond, 
where his name became a synonym for gal- 
lantry. In August, 1864, he spent a >hort 
furlough in New Jersey, and returned to his 
brigade, then under Hancock, on the north 
side of the James River. The very day 
after his return, the Confederates assailed his 
position but were driven back. He was then 
promoted to a major-general and assigned to 
the command of the Third Division of the 
Tenth Corps. Having occasion to visit the 
headquarters of the corps on September 12, 

1864, at shortly after midnight, he mounted 
his horse, which, upon starting, turned into 
a divergent path, and being suddenly checked, 
reared and fell back upon its rider. About 
fifteen minute.s after this accident he fell into 
a stupor from wiiich he never rccovei'ed, and 
at seven o'clock in the evening of the 14th 
of September he died. Major-Cileneral Alfred 
H. Terry, in 1882, said of General Howell : 



THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 



155 



"My recollections of Gen('r;ii Unwell as a 
man and an offieer are as clear and distinct 
as tiiev were eighteen years ago. I have 
never known a more courteons gentleman ; 
i never saw a more gallant and devoted of- 
ticer. The record of his service was with- 
out s]»ot or blemish." In the army corps in 
which he served he was widely known and 
universally respected and admired. His nn- 
tiniely death was lamented by all his com- 
rades as a loss well-nigh irrei)ai'able, not only 
to themselves, but to the country also. 

Lons K. Fr.vxcine, colonel of the 
Seventh Regiment of New Jersey \'olun- 
teers, was born in the city of Philadelphia 
March 26, 1837, though at the time he en- 
tered the army he was a citizen of Camden. 
His father, James Louis Franciuc, was a na- 
tive of Bayonne, France. 

The Frauciue family originally came from 
Florence, Italy, where they are known to 
have held offices since the thirteenth century. 
They settled in France during the reign of 
Henri IV, and were naturalized in the year 
si.xteen hundred. Franyois de Francine, gen- 
tleman-in-waiting and .steward of the king, 
was appointed general supfrintendrnt uf (lie 
water-works and fountainx of" the Royal 
Houses of France. The construction of the 
aqueduct of Arcueil, the Chateau d' Eau, the 
Observatoire and other historical monuments 
is due to him. Many of his descendants were 
officers of high rank in the army and navv, 
and bore the title of count. 

James Louis Francine, the father of Colonel 
Francine, a lineal descendant of the Flor- 
entine emigrants to France, being the eldest 
L'hild and only son, at the age of twenty- 
one began an extensive tour throughout the 
civilized world, and as one of the results of 
that traveling, became proficient in the use 
of', at least, seven languages. In 182fi, when 
forty years old, he settled in the city of 
Philadelphia, and by the death of his father 
he inherited the paternal estate, which he 
increased by judicious investment. 



He removed to Camden, there spent many 
of his later years, and died at the age 
of eighty in that city, 1866, three years after 
the unfoi-tunate death of liis heroic son, 
the loss of whom he dceplv mourned and 
from which sad bercavemenl he never re- 
covered. 

By his marriage witli Catherine I^ohra, a 
great granddaughter of John (ieorge Knorr, 
(an European of unblemished character, who 
came to this country in 1725 to escape relig- 
ious persecution, and settled in German- 
town), James Louis FrancMuo had seven 
children, four of whom died in infancy. The 
others were Louis R. (the subject of this biog- 
raphy) Mary V. (Mrs. Gal zmer, deceased) and 
Albert Philip (now deceased, who was mar- 
ried to Anna F. Hollingshead, granddaugh- 
ter of Dr. Joshua Hollingshead, of Moores- 
town, and on her mother's side a descendant 
of the Stockton family of New Jersey). The 
only lineal representatives of the Fi'ancine 
family in America, are her sons Albert 
Philip and Horace Hugh Francine. 

Louis R. Francine grew to manhood in 
Camden. His early youth was spent at home 
and he attended a select school in Camden 
taught by Lafiivette and Talleyrand Grover, 
the former of whom became the (iovernor of 
Oregon and afterwards a United States Sena- 
tor fnnu the .same State. Young Francine, 
when but a boy, develope<l an inherited 
love for military display, watcheil with eager 
interest the local volunteer com])anies at their 
regular parades and drills and then himself 
trained amateur military companies of his 
little school-fellows. He was next seat to a 
military school at Flushing, L. I., at which 
institution he showed aptness as a pupil and 
gained considerable proficiency in the science 
of mechanics and mathematics. 

In order that he might Itecome accjuainted 
with the native country of his ancestors, he 
accompanied his father to France in 1851, 
and spent one year in travel in that country. 
Desiring to take an extended course in engi- 



156 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NKW JERSEY. 



neering, whicli to liini had great attractions, 
in 1856 he returned to France, entered the 
Ecole Polytechnique at Paris and spent two 
years in that famous institution. While 
at Paris he made his home witii the 
Countesse de Brisey, his aunt, and lie tiins 
became associated with intelligent and cul- 
tured people of the French capital and 
entered the fashionable society of that city. 
He became a brilliant and entertaining con- 
versationalist and a forcible and versatile 
writer. During his stay of two years in 
France he contributed to a Philadelphia jour- 
nal a series of interesting letters which were 
much admired. He returned to Camden in 
1858, and when the war opened which en- 
dangered the preservation of the Union, 
Colonel Franeine had just entered upon his 
twenty-fifth year. He speedily raised a com- 
pany of soldiers from Cape May County, 
which, in August, 1861, was oiKcered and 
equipped, with himself as captain, and formed 
Company A of the Seventh New Jersey 
Volunteers. The regiment was mustered into 
the service at Camp Olden, Trenton, and on 
September 19th was sent to Washington, 
reported for duty with nine hundred and 
twentv men, the following day went into 
camp at Meridian Hill, D. C, and there re- 
mained until the early part of December, 
1861. It constituted one of the four regi- 
ments composing the Second New Jersey 
Brigade, though after the battle of Gettys- 
burg it was attached to different brigades. It 
took part in the following-named battles : 
Yorktown, \\'illiamsburg, Fair (Jaks, Seven 
Pines, Savage Station, Glendale, Malvern 
Hill, Bristoe Station, Bull Run, Chantilly, 
Centreville, Fredcricksbui-g, Chancellorsville, 
Gettysburg, Wapping Heights, McLean's 
Ford, Mine Itun, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, 
Spottsylvania Court-House, North Anna 
River. Tolopotomy Creek, Cold Harbor, Be- 
fore Petersburg, Deep Bottom, Mine Kxplo- 
sion, James River, Fort Sedgwick, Poplar 
Spring Church, Boydton Plank-Road, Fort 



Morton, Hatcher's Run, Armstrong House, 
Capture of Petersburg, Amelia Spring, 
Farmville, and was present at Apj)omattox 
when General Lee surrendered. 

The regiment was composed of a class of 
men noted for their undaunted bravery. The 
guiding spirit of this command from the time 
it entered the service through all the memor- 
able engagements mentioned above to the 
great and decisive battle of Gettysburg was 
the brilliant and heroic Colonel Louis R. 
Franeine, who, from the position of captain, 
was promoted to lieutenant-colonel July 8, 
1862, and to the entire command of the regi- 
ment December 9, 1862. 

Early in the war he won the admiration of 
his commanders and the confidence of his 
men in the manly courage which he displayed 
at the battle of Fair Oaks, in the Peninsular 
campaign. In the battle of Chancellorsville, as 
colonel of the regiment, for his soldierly con- 
duct and eminent ability to command, he re- 
ceived the highest encomiums of his superior 
officers, and still further increased the confi- 
dence of the rank and file in him as a cour- 
ageous leader. The following is his graphi- 
cally written report of the part his regiment 
took in this engagement : 

"I have the honor to submit the following as the 
proceedings of ray regiment in the late movement 
agtiiust the enemy : At ten o'clock p.m.. Tuesday, 
April 28, having just returned from piclcet-liue, the 
regiment joined the brigade and marched to the 
left and bivouacked near ' White Oak Church ' 
early the next morning. At daybreak we were 
massed to support troops in front of us. We re- 
mained in that position until one o'clock on the 
afternoon of the 30th, when we retraced our steps 
and crossed the river at the United States Ford 
early on the morning of the Isl of May. We 
remained at or near the ford, doing picket-duty, 
until the following morning about eight o'clock, 
when I received an order to report my regiment to 
General Humphreys, commanding Third Division, 
Fifth Army Corps. I did so without delay, and 
he assigned me a position on his extreme left, 
to cover the approaches by the Mott or River road 
to the United States Ford. Early in the afternoon 
of the same day General Humphreys ordered me 




t 



THK WAR FOR THE UNION. 



157 



to take a small body of picked men from my reg- 
iment and reconnoitre the position of the enemy 
in my immediate front, to note the topography of 
the country, and the apparent strength of tin- 
enemy, and the manner of their approach to our 
lines. This I did, penetrating the country for two 
miles in one direction and a mile and a half in 
another. My report was highly satisfactory to the 
General. 1 am indebted deeply to Captain James 
McKiernan and Daniel R. Burrell, of my regiment, 
for valuable services rendered upon that occasion. 
At midnight I moved my regiment to the right of 
our line, by order from General Meade through 
General Humphreys, and joined the brigade, arriv- 
ing there at about two o'clock p.m. The follow- 
ing morning (Sunday), at about five o'clock, my 
regiment was again detached from the brigade, 
and under orders from Major Tremain, of Gen- 
eral Sickles' staff, filled up a gap occurring be- 
tween General Birney's right and our immediate 
tront. 

" After a short time my regiment advanced into 
the woods in front of the breast works, and by 
maintaining a flanking position under a very heavy 
tire for over three hours, captured five stands of 
colors and over three hundred prisoners, among 
the latter one colonel, one major and several line 
oBicers. The colors were taken from the Twenty- 
first Virginia, Eighteenth North Carolina, First 
Louisiana, Second North Carolina, and the fifth 
from some Alabama regiment. The Second North 
Carolina Regiment we captured almost in toto. At 
about nine o'clock, the ammunition giving out 
and the muskets becoming foul, I ordered the reg- 
iment to fall back from the woods. After this, a 
regiment having fallen back from our breast- 
works and the enemy coming close upon them 
(Second N(irth Carolina State troops), my regiment 
charged and captured their colors and themselves 
almost wholly. Again we fell back sirghtly, and 
confusion, occasioned by our lines in front getting 
in disorder, threw my regiment further back to the 
rear. At this time, through exhaustion, my voice 
left me entirely, I being scarcely able to speak in 
a whisper. Upon the advice of my surgeon, 1 
retired from the field; the command then devolved 
upon my lieutenant-colonel, whose report I here 
enclose. It would be impossible for me to single 
out individual cases of courage, where all my offi- 
cers and men behaved with such gallantry and 
discretion. The trophies they took from the enemy 
speak more eloquently for their actions than any 
words I might use. 

" For able and gallant assistance I owe much to 
my field ofiicers. Their coolness and bravery in 



mameuvering the men .saved nmch loss of life, con- 
fusion and pain. I regret to announce, by the loss 
of Lieutenant George Burdan, the loss of a brave 
and efficient officer. My loss in killed, wounded 
and missing was one hundred and fifty-three, an 
official list of which I inclose : Killed, 6 ; wounded, 
44; missing, 3. "Louis R. FuANCIXE, 

" Cnlimel ,Seirnth AVw Jeraci/ Volunteeris. 
Ill the battle of Getty.sburg Colonel Frau- 
ciiie exemplified hi.s characterLstic courage 
and bravery, l)ut there received a mortal 
wound, from the efieet of which he died in 
St. Joseph's Hospital, at Philadelphia, on the 
lyth of the same month, being conveyed there 
at his own request in order, as bethought, to 
receive the best surgical treatment. For his 
gallantand meritorious services on the eventful 
day he received his fatal wound, he was pro- 
moted brigadier-general. Owing to his death 
he never received the commission, but it was 
issued and .sent to the family, as indicated in 
the following document ; 

•' ExEt'iTTivE Department, Washinutox, D. C. 

" April 29, 1867. 
" To Marcus L. Warh, Ooremor of New Jeney. 

Dear Sir: 1 have the honor herewith of trans- 
mitting to you the Brevet Commission of Brigadier- 
General for the family of Colonel Louis R. Fran- 
cine, 7th New Jersey Volunteers, mortally wounded 
at the battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 2, 
1863. This brevet has been conferred for the gal- 
lant and meritorious conduct of Colonel Francine, 
mentioned in my official report of the battle, and 
brought especially to the notice of the Secretary 
of War during the late session of Congress. I 
trust that this indication of the appreciation of 
Col. Francine's gallant services may prove accept- 
able to his family and friends. I have to ask that 
you will transmit this commission to his family. 
"A. A. Humphreys 
" Brig-Gen. A' Chief of Engineers, 

Major-ileneral of Volunteers." 

(jteiieral William J. Sewell, who for a time 
commanded the Sei»nd Brigade, gives the 
following estimate of ( 'olonel Francitie, and 
his opinion of him as a soldier : 

''Col. Franciue was intuitively a soldier. He 
was one of the conspicuous officers among the vol- 
unteers and had a natural love for the profession. 



158 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



He was specially adapted to it, by reason of the 
severity of his own habits, being a strict discipli- 
narian of himself and consequently of those under 
him. He had an absorbing idea of the importance 
of the trust confided to him, and the necessity of 
utilizing every moment to perfect himself in all 
that pertains to the details of his profession, using 
every spare moment in the study of the higher 
branches of science and strategy. In a short time 
he became one of the leading officers in the New 
Jersey troops and bis regiment a model of drill 
and discipline. His gallantry at Chancellorsville 
was repeated at Gettysburg, where, in the Peach 
Orchard, he held his regiment, in connection with 
the rest of the Second Brigade, under the most ter- 
rific storm from the combined batteries of Long- 
street, and when the Confederate forces in over- 
whelming numbers reached the Third Corps, the 
New Jersey brigade fell slowly back with their 
faces to the enemy, disputing every inch of the 
ground. It was here that the gallant Col. Fran- 
cine received a mortal wound, giving up his life to 
the country that he loved so well and tried so hard 
to save." 

Major Edw aud \V. Coffjx was burn at 
Haminouton, Atlantic County, N. J., on tlie 
5th of June, 1824, and spent his early years 
in the vicinity of his home. On the comple- 
tion of his studies he engaged in glass man- 
ufacturing and was thus occupied until his 
removal to Camden, in 1851. At this point 
and later in Lancaster County, Pa., he was 
engaged in nickel manufacturing. In 1801 
he entered the United States service, having 
been appointed to the Subsistence Depart- 
ment as captain and commis.sary of subsist- 
ence. In March, 1862, he accomjianied the 
Army of the Potomac to the James River, 
continuing with tiie advance up the Penin- 
sula to Yorktown, where he remained until 
July, 1864. Major Coffin was then ordered 
to Fortress Monroe in charge of the depot of 
supplies for the Armies of the Potomac and 
James and the Departments of Virginia and 
North Carolina. In December, 1864, he was 
ordered as chief of subsistence to the Fort 
Fisher expedition aud later to the Army of 
the James, where he remained until Febru- 
ary, 1865. Major Coffin was then ordered 
to Yorktown and placed in command of the 



county of York. He was mustered out of 
service in December, 1865. He was breveted 
major for meritorious services in the subsist- 
ence department. May 13, 1865. After some 
time spent in Arizona, Major Coffin entered the 
service of the Camden and Atlantic Railroad, 
and in 1883, when its control was secured 
by the Pennsylvania Railroad, was appointed 
division freight agent, which position he now 
fills. 

Cai'T. ABRAHAjr M. BROW.NrN(i was born 
in Philadelphia, I*a., September 3, 1843, and 
was the son of Maurice and Anna A. Brown- 
ing. His early education was acquired under 
the excellent training of Ins uncle, Professor 
Williaiu Fewsmith. He afterward entered 
Yale College, where he was a diligent .stu- 
dent. During his collegiate course the Civil 
War opened, and young Browning, with a 
patriotism which had characterized his an- 
cestor.s, entered the army, though but just of 
age, as captain of Company H, Tliirty- 
eighth New Jersey Volunteer Infantry. He 
was faithful in the performance of his duties, 
was naturally a soldier, w^as entrusted with 
the erection of fortifications, and had charge 
of large bodies of men, wiiom lie handled 
with ease and skill. 

He contracted laryngitis and died at his 
residence. Cherry Hill Farm, on tlie morning 
of January 12, 1880. He left a widow, 
Josephine Cooper Browning, daughter of the 
late Ralph V. M. Cooper and Louisa F., 
daughter of the late Dr. Joseph and Lydia 
H. Fyfiekl, of Camden. Captain Browning 
left four children, — Louise Cooper, Maurice 
Harold aud Abraham Maurice. 

Captain Browning was a member of the 
Protestant Episcopal Church, and vestryman 
in Grace Protestant Ej)iscopal Church, Had- 
donfield. He was a Ri'pnblican in politics, 
and died leaving an unsullied reputation as 
a fearless and brave man, conscientious in 
every particular, strict in integrity, and few 
have left as pure and blameless a record as 
he. He was a member of the firm of Browu- 




^^^^K 




THE WAR FOR THE TTNION. 



159 



ing Brothers, 42 and 44 North Front Street, 
Philadelphia. 

William C. Hansell was horn in Nor- 
ristown, Pa., March 19, 1845, and is a son 
of William S. and Margaret Cummings 
Hansell. He obtained his education in the 
schools of his native town and when but a 
vouth, at the outbreak of the Civil War, im- 
bued with boyish patriotism, he enlisted 
September 16, 1861, in Company F of the 
Fifty-first Regiment of Pennsylvania Volun- 
teers, raised in Montgomery County, and com- 
manded by that distinguished soldier Major- 
General John F. Hartranft, afterwards Gov- 
ernor of Pennsylvania. In tiiis organization 
our subject was a druramer-bt)y. The Fifty- 
first Regiment was assigned to the Ninth 
Corps, commanded by General Burnside, and 
accompanied the expedition to North Caro- 
lina and there participated in the battles of 
Roanoke Island, Newbern and Camden. 
This regiment was the first to place the colors 
on the Confederate breast-works defending the 
approaches of Newbern, and it was then given 
the right of the line in the advance upon that 
<'ity, which immediately surrendered, being 
at tile same time attacked by the fleet in the 
liarbor. 

Young Hansell shared the fortunes of the 
regiment throughout the war, being mus- 
tered out on tlie 2d of August, 18lJo. He 
marched with the gallant and sadly shattered 
Fifty-first 1738 miles, traveled by sea and 
water courses 5390 miles and by railway 
.3311, making the huge total of 10,439 miles 
of travel, most of which wa.s under the most 
unfavorable conditions, accompanied by fa- 
tigue, hardships, harassments and dangers, 
such as the soldier only knows. He was 
present witii the regiment in twenty -one bat- 
tles, as follows : 

Roanoke Island, February 7, "(32 ; New- 
bern, March 14, '(32 ; Camden, N. C, April 
19, '62; Bull Run, August 29, '62; Chan- 
tilly, Va., September 1, '62; South Moun- 
tain, September 14, '62 ; Antietam, Septem- 



ber 17, '62; Fredericksburg, December 12, 
'62 ; Vicksburg, July 4, '63 ; Jackson, July 
13, '63; Campbell Station, November 16. 
'63 : Knoxwell, December 28, "63 ; Wilder- 
ness, May 6, '64; Spottsylvania, May 12, 
'64; North Anna, May 25, '64 ; Cold Harbor, 
June 3, '64 ; Petersburg, June 17 and 18, 
'64; Petersburg, July 30, '64; Yellow Tav- 
ern, August 19, '64 ; Ream's Station, August 
21, '64; Petersburg, April 1, '65. 

At the close of the war Mr. Hansell re- 
mained in Washington and engaged in busi- 
ness in that city for one and a half years and 
then came to Camden, where he has since re- 
sided. He was under the employ of John 
S. Read, in his paper store on Federal Street, 
for a few years, and in 1868 was appointed 
messenger to the First National Bank of 
Camden and held that position with the full 
confidence of the directors of the institution 
until 1876, "when he retired in order to en- 
gage in business for himself During the 
year named he ojiened a paper store at 203 
Market Street, Camden, where, by his own 
business ability and energy, he has built uji 
and continued to enjoy a prosperous trade, 
having filled large contracts for jiapering 
houses in Camden and elsewhere. 

In 1867 Mr. Hansell was married to 
Miss Lizzie Hemsing, daughter of Wm. 
Hemsing, of Camden. They have one child, 
Carrie. 

At the annual reunion of the survivors 
present of the Fifty-first Regiment held in 
Petersburg, Ya., iu 1886, Mr. Hansell was 
chosen vice-president. This meeting was 
held in the crater which was formed at the 
time of the famous "mine explosion," Julv 
30, 1864. The reunion at that place was 
brought about at the suggestion of Mr. Han- 
sell. He is a member of the Union Veteran 
Legion, of which only soldiers who have 
served two years can become members. 

The Draft. — The exigencies of the Civil 
War compelled the passage of the Conscrip- 
tion Act by the Congress of the United 



160 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



States, approved by the President March 
3, 1863. To execute this act the loyal 
States were divided into sections correspond- 
ing to their Congressional districts, and a 
board of enrolment was established in each. 
These boards were composed of a provost- 
marshal, surgeon and commissioner, of which 
the provost-marshals were presidents, and 
before which daily all questions relating to 
the conscription were brought for discussion 
and were decided by a majority vote of tiie 
hoard. 

The first Congressional district of New 
Jersey at that date was composed of six coun- 
ties, viz., Camden, Atlantic, Gloucester, 
Salem, Cumberland and Cape May. The 
appointment of the officials of the board of 
enrolment for this district was by law vested 
in the President of the United States, but 
virtually was exercised by the member of 
Congress at that time, the Hon. John F. 
Starr, of Camden, who, during this trying 
period, played a disinterested patriotism 
worthy of all praise. The ' personnel of the 
board during the little over two years of its 
existence was as follows, viz. : Colonel Eob- 
ert C. Johnson, of Salem,' provost-marshal 
from May 2, 1863, to March 24, 1864. He 
was succeeded by Captain Alexander Wentz, 
of Woodbury, who was appointed April 
25, 1864, and was honorably discharged 
November 15, 1865. Dr. John R. Steven- 
son was commissioned surgeon May 2, 1863, 
served until the close of the war and was 
honorably discharged June 15, 1865. Col- 
onel James M. Scovel was commissioner from 
May 2, 1863, until November 27th, of the 
same year, when he resigned, and Philip .1. 
Gray was appointed to the vacancy December 
8, 1863, and was honorably discharged April 
30, 1865. In addition to the.se, the provost- 
marshal had authority to appoint two depu- 
ties and one special officer. The first two 
were Captain Henry M. Jewctt, of Winslow, 
and Captain Aaron Ward, of Camden ; Ben- 
jamin F. Sweeten, of the latter place, was 



special officer. All these served until the 
close of the war. The law provided that, 
when necessary, assistant surgeons might be 
selected to aid the surgeon. Under this pro- 
vision Dr. H. Genet Taylor was appointed 
assistant surgeon in June, 1864, and contin- 
ued until the close of the conscription, in 
April, 1865. For a short period in the au- 
tumn of 1864, Dr. Jonathan Leaming, of 
Cajje May, also aided in the medical exami- 
nations. 

The headquarters of tiie lioard of enrol- 
ment were directed to be located in Camden. 
They were established in the second and 
third floors of Hall, at the northwest cor- 
ner of Fourth and Market Streets. This 
building being too small to accommodate the 
public, the office was removed, in the spring 
of 1864, to Morgan's Hall, on the southeast 
corner of the same streets. The rendezvous 
where the recruits and the guard were quar- 
tered was the hall at the northeast corner of 
Fourth and Federal Streets. During the ex- 
amination of the drafted men of C'umberland 
and Cape May Counties, in June and in 
August, 1864, the board held its sessions in 
Miilville, Cumberland (^ounty, in an unoccu- 
])ied store and warehouse. 

The first draft in the district was made in May, 
1 864, under the call of the President for three 
hundred thousand men, issued October 17, 
1863. In Camden it was executed with the 
greatest publicity and visible fairness, in a 
small frame house (since demolished) upon 
the north side of Market Street, below Third, 
in front of which an open stand was erected. 
A list of all the enrolled men in the district 
was copied and, together with the slips of pa- 
|)er upon which each name was separately 
written, were handed to a committee of citi- 
zens who had been api)ointed at the boards' 
recpicst to conduct the drawing. These slips 
\vere placed by a citizen in the wheel wiiich 
another turned, while a third drew out the 
papers and read the names to the assembled 
people. \(i sliiiw of force was made, the 



THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 



161 



armed guard liaving been left behind at tlie 
office. Not a murmur of disapproval or dis- 
satisfaction was heard from the multitude. 

But very few of tlie drafted men were in- 
voluntarily forced into the army. The wealth- 
ier ones put in substitutes. The remainder 
either volunteered or their places were tilled 
bv other volunteers, all of whom were induced 
to enlist by the payment of a bounty by the 
township. 

All males i)etween twenty and forty-five 
years of age were liable to do military duty ; 
therefore, all within those ages in the First 
District were enrolled. Foreigners who had 
not taken out naturalization papers, nor de- 
clared their intention to become citizens, were 
exempt. With this exception, there was no 
escape except by reason of physical disability. 
The total number of men examined by the 
surgeons during the existence of the provost- 
marshal's office in Camden was 7883. Of 
these, 2215 were drafted men, of whom 124.3 
were accepted. Of the enrolled men not yet 
drafted, 1605 applied either to have their 
names stricken from the rolls because they 
thought themselves unfit for service or else 
desired to enlist. Of these, 827 were found 
to be fit for duty. The number of substi- 
tutes offered was 2305, and 1 242 were ac- 
cepted. In addition to those, 48 discharged 
wounded soldiers were re-enlisted in the Xet- 
eran Reserve Corps, making a total of 4371 
men placed in the army and navy from the 
First Congressional District of New Jersey. 

8rTMMARY OF Battles. — In the four 
years of service, the armies of the ITnion — 
counting every form of conflict, great and 
small — had been in twenty-two hundred and 
sixty-five engagements with the Confederate 
troops. From the time when active hostili- 
ties began until the last gnu of the war was 
fired, a fight of .some kind — a raid, a skir- 
mish or a pitched battle — occurred at some 
j)oint on our widely-extended front nearly 
eleven times a week, upon an average. Count- 
ing only those engagements in which the 
•21 



I'niou loss, in killed, wounded and missing 
exceeded one hundred, the total number was 
three hundred and thirty. From the north- 
ernmost point of contact to the .southernmost 
the distance by any practicable line of com- 
munication was more than two thousand 
miles. From east to west the extremes 
were fifteen hundred miles apart. During 
the first year of hostilities — one of prepara- 
tion on bi.>th sides — the battles were naturally 
fewer in number and less decisive in charac- 
ter than afterwards, when discipline had been 
imparted to the troops by drill, and when 
the materiel of war had been collected and 
stored for prolonged campaigns. The en- 
gagements of all kinds in 1861 were thirty- 
five in number, of which the most serious 
was the Union defeat at Bull Run. In 18(32 
the war had greatly increased in magnitude 
and intensity, as is shown by the eighty-four 
engagements between the armies. The net 
result of the year's operations was highly 
favorable to the Rebellion. In 1863 the 
battles were one hundred and ten in number 
— among them some of the most significant 
and important victories for the Union. In 
1864 there were seventy-three engagements, 
and in the winter and early spring of 1865 
there were twenty-eight.' 

It is estimated that tluring the war fifty- 
six thou.sand Union soldiers were killed in 
battle and about thirty-five thousand died in 
hospitals of wounds and one hundred and 
eighty-four thou.sand by disease. The total 
casualties, if we include those who died sub- 
sef(uent to their discharge, were about three 
hundred thousand. The loss of Confederates 
in battle was less, owing to the fact that they 
were fighting on the defensive, but they lo.st 
more from wounds and disea.se on account of 
inferior sanitary arrangements. The total 
loss of life cau.sed by the war for the preser- 
vation of the Union exceeded half a million, 
and nearly as many were disabled, 

' '2 Blaine's ■• Tweuty Years of Congress," 20. 



162 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Northern Men in Service. — The calls, 
periods of service and number of men ob- 
tained during the Civil War from the North- 
ern States were as follows : 

N\irabpr Period of Number. 

Bate of flail. called. Service. nlilHlDed. 

April 15, 18(!1 75,000 3 months 03,326 

May anfl July, 18(n..582,748 3 years 714,231 

May and June, 1S62 3 months 15,007 

July 2, 18(52 300,000 3 years 431,958 

August 4, 1862 300,000 months 87,588 

June 15, 1863 100,000 6 months 16,361 

October 17, 1863 300,000 3 years 1 374x07 

February 1, 1864 200,000 3 years | 

March 14, 1864 200,000 3 years 284,021 

April 23, 1864 85,000 100 days 83,652 

July 18, 1864.- 500,000 1, 2 and 3 yrs. 3S4,8S2 

December 19, 1864..300,000 1, 2 and 3 yrs. 204,-568 

2,942,748 2,69(1,401 

The following statement, as appears by the 
report at the office of Adjutant-CJeneral Wil- 
liam S. Stryker, at Trenton, for 1865, ex- 
hibits the number of men called for, the 
number of meu furnished by New Jersey 
and their terra of enlistment from April 17, 
18fil, to April 20, 1865. 

Number of men furnished for four years 155 

" " " three years... 42,572 

" " " two years 2,243 

" " " one year 16,812 

" " " nine months. 10,787 

" " " three months 3,105 

" " 100 days 700 

" " " not classified 2,973 



Credited to Stale 79,348 

Furnished but not credited 8,957 



Total 88,305 

More meu oftered their services than the 
State had authority to accept, and so those 
who, altliough they had preferred to enlist in 
New Jersey organizations, went into regi- 
ments of other States. Six full companies of 
New Jersey troops entered into the Excelsior 
Brigade of New York, commanded by Gen- 
eral Sickles ; others enlisted in the Forty- 
eighth New York Infantry, the One Hun- 
dred and Twelfth Pennsylvania Heavy Ar- 
tillery, Anderson's Cavalry Troop, the 



Third Pennsylvania ( lavalry, the Eleventh 
Pennsylvania Cavalry, First New York 
Cavalry, Company ,\, Twentieth New York 
Volunteers, Bramhall's Battery, Ninth New 
York State Militia. Two full companies 
al.10 entered in SerrilTs Engineers, and the 
State lost the credit on her <juota. 

Reception of Retfrneo Soldiers in 
1864. — A couvention of loyal men of New 
Jersey as.sembled at Newark, the 30th of 
May, 1864, and determined to give the re- 
turning soldiers of New Jersey a suitable 
reception in their respective counties, on the 
4th of July, same year. James M. Scovel 
represented the county of Camden. Accord- 
ingly, the soldiers of this county arranged for 
a celebration at Haddonfield, to take place 
in the grove of John Hopkins, on the above 
date. It was estimated that there were five 
thousand people present, all of whom were 
amply fed from the bountiful tables prepared 
under the mauageinent of the committee of 
arrangements. 

The Union League of Camden acted as 
an escort to the soldiers from Camden City. 
One feature of the procession wius a color 
guard composed almost entirely of one-armed 
men. General George M. Robeson made 
the speech of welcome, which was greatly 
applauded; P. C. Brinck read the Declara- 
tion of Independence ; Major Calhoun, on 
the part of the soldiers, returned thanks for 
the honor done them ; Hon. .James S. Scovel, 
C. T. Reed, Rev. Mr. Dobbins made patriotic 
remarks on the occasion ; the ladies were ac- 
tive in their attention to the returned soldiers 
of the county. 

Women's Work in the W.vr. — The 
same spirit which prompted the soldiers to 
go to the front, kindled the noble and gener- 
ous efforts of devoted and patriotic women 
at home to aid and contribute to the comfort 
of the former. They formed, in Camden, 
the Ladies' Aid Society, the Ladies' Relief 
As.s()ciation, and not only contributed largely 
toward these organizations in money, but also 



THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 



163 



gave tlu'ir tinip and attention and partici- 
pated iu tiie grand results arising from the 
great Sanitiiry Fair. 

The great Central Fair of the Sanitary 
Coniinissiou of the States of Xew Jersey, 
Pennsylvania and Delaware was opened, in 
Philadclpiiia, on the 7th of June, 18(34, with 
appropriate ceremonies. Addresses were 
mad<? by the Governors of the three States 
named. The fair was the great object of at- 
traction from its opening to its close, on June 
28th. It realized for the commission over 
one million and eighty thousand dollars. 

It has been asserted by the ciironicles of 
tiie day that Xew Jersey exhiliited the most 
interesting relics in the fair. 

The Camden Auxit.iaiiy _ 

ru THE Samtaky Fair. — On 
Monday evening, April lOtli, 
1864, a large meeting of the 
prominent citizens of Camden 
was held at the dwelling of R. 
B. Potts, (in Cooper Street, in ' >i 
Camden, at which Judge Thos. 
P. Carpenter acted as chairman 
and Mr. Farr as secretary. 

Resolutions were passetl to 
organize an efficient auxiliary 
to assist in the Great Fair to be 
held in Pliiladelphia, and to 
invoke the assistance of the 
ladies of Camden City and 
County in the enterprise, on the next Thurs- 
day evening, with the assistance of the ladies, 
a plan of operations was introduced and 
matured which gave assured promise tiiat 
the jiatriotic citizens of Camden Coniit\- 
would make the enterprise a successful one. 

The name of "The West Jersey Auxil- 
iary" was adopted. An executive committee 
had been appointed, and by the 18th of 
April, only eight days after the inception of 
the enterprise, rooms had been secured at 
No. 104 Market Street, Camden, and every 
workshop, factory and mill in Camden sent 
to these rooms the best specimens of their 



workmanship. Kvery tiirmei-, workingman 
and mechanic poured into the general fund 
large t'ontributions of manufactured articles, 
or the products of the soil that could be 
turned into money, and again from money 
into the means of encouraging the health and 
life of the soldiers. The patriotic ladies of 
Camden were not idle, and through their as- 
sistance and efforts large sums came into the 
treasury of the commission from every 
quarter of the county. The mothers and 
daughters, wives and sisters of New Jersey's 
sons were energetic in their eiforts to secure 
aid and assistiince. These ladies opened 
their houses for entertainments of various 
kinds. At these parlor entertainments were 




■ENTIIVI. KAll! lUIIJilN 



given charades, tableaux, etc. ; volunteer per- 
formers and amateui's took part. The City 
Halls were tendered free to the committee on 
entertainments, immense concerts were given, 
andagenerouspublicdisplayed great liberality 
in purchasing tickets. The Ladies' Aid 
Society and other relief associations which 
had been iu successful operation for three 
years joined their efforts with the Auxiliary 
and collected large supplies of clothing, 
blankets, stockings and other materials use- 
ful to the men in military duty away from 
home, and during the entii'e period of the 
war these ladies were actively engaged iu 



164 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



collectiug aud forwardiuo; from tlieir depot 
in Camden tons of materials for tiie benefit 
of the soldiers. 

Captain Samuel Hufty was appointed to 
take charge of the donations at General Depot 
No. 4, Market Street. 

The Executive Committee con.sisted of P. 
J. Grey (chairman), Hon. Thomas P. Carpen- 
ter, James H. Stevens, Henry B. Wilson, E. 
V. Glover and John D. Tustiu. 

The following gentlemen of the county 
were honorary members of this Auxiliary : 
Alex. G. Cattell, of Merchantville ; W. S. 
McCalli.ster, Gloucester City; W. C. Milli- 
gan, Haddonfield ; Charles H. Shinn, Had- 
donfield. 

Charles Watson, Esq., as treasurer of the 
committee on entertainments, and Charles S. 
Dunham, as chairman of same committee, 
were most active in their eiforts to aid the 
cause. 

The Ladies' Correspondence Committee 
consisted of Mrs. Clapp, Miss Maria Moss, 
Mrs. Fogoo, Mrs. Campion, Mrs. Shinn, 
Mrs. J. Vogdes, Mrs. Porter, Miss IjCM'is, 
Mrs. Duhring, Miss Woodwai'd. 

The following is a complete list of the 
officers of the West Jersey Auxiliary to the 
great Sanitary Fair : President, Hon. Thomas 
P. Carpenter ; Vice-Presidents, Hon. John 
F. Starr, Hon. Philander C. Brinck, Matthew 
Newkirk, E. V. Glover; Secretary, William 
A. Farr; Treasurer, James H. Stevens ; Cor- 
resj)onding Secretary, P. J. Grey. 

The chairmen of different committees were 
Maui-iee Browning, on contribution of day's 
work ; Robert B. Potts, products of West 
Jersey fabrication ; William Fewsmith, 
works of art, hi.story and relics; William J. 
Potts, collections from field, forest and ocean; 
John Aikman, useful and fancy articles, 
home made; J. R. Stevenson, M.D., original 
ballads of poetry on the war; Edward H. 
Saunders, on miscellaneous articles ; Jose[)h 
Fearon, on flowers and fruits ; J. D. Rein- 
both, on fruits and confectionery ; Benjamin 



H. Browning, on the refectory ; William A. 
Farr, on finance and donations ; Charles S. 
Dunham, on concerts, charades and tableaux ; 
Captain Samuel Hufty, on receipt of articles 
donated. Hon. James M. Scovel was ap- 
pointed to act in conjunction with the United 
States Sanitary Commission. 

From the newspapers of the period are 
gleaned the names of the following ladies — 
by no means all — who were prominent in 
aiding the cause, viz. : The Mi.sses Hufty, 
Mrs. R. Edwards, IMrs. Thomas P. Carpen- 
ter, Mrs. E. V. Glover, Mrs. J. D. Reinboth, 
Mrs. Butcher, Mrs. John F. Starr, Mrs. C. 
Mickle, Mrs. Thomas H. Dudley, Mrs. 
Benjamin Browning, Mi.ss Betsey Mason, 
Mrs. Hewlings Coles, Miss Jo.sephine Brown- 
ing, the Misses Hatch, Mis. Ann Andrews, 
Miss Sallie Gib.son, Miss Maggie Stoy, Miss 
Sallie W. Atkinson, Mrs. Jo.seph Hatch, 
the Misses Carrie, Rebecca, Louise and 
Mary Hatch, Miss Sarah Eldridge, Miss 
Cornelia Eldridge, die Misses Fearon. 

Miss Rebecca Hatch presented the New 
Jersey Department'with a haiid.some silk flag, 
which was much prized. 

The means of raising funds were various. 
There were a boy.s' magic lantern exhibition, 
a children's fair, many parlor concerts, scraiv 
book sales, and the little girls of Haddon- 
field contributed $82.50. 

Mrs. Hettie K. Paintek, who, at the 
outbreak of the war, was a resident of Cam- 
den, was one of those noble and patriotic 
women who left her home, went to the front 
and became known in the Army of the Po- 
tomac as one of the most faithful and devoted 
nurses. Many a sick and wounded .soldier 
of Kearny's brigade was the recipient of 
her tender care and earnest solicitude. After 
the Union defeat at the second battle of Bull 
Run, and the rcpul.se at Fredericksburg, 
where twenty men of the Union soldiers re- 
ceived dangerous, or perhaps mortal, wounds, 
Mrs. Painter's devotion to the unfortunate 
men made her name well-known through the 



THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 



165 



eutire Army of the Potomac. !Slie contimied 
to do noble work in the hospitals, with the 
same faithfnluess and interest, until the close 
of the war, when she returned to Camden, 
and soon afterward removed to the ^\'est, 
where she engaged in the jiractiee of incdi- 
fine. 

Mi.ss YiHoiNiA W1LLET8 (now Mrs. 
James M. Stradling), of Camden, was a vol- 
unteer nurse in tiie Army of the Potomac, 
and wa-s connected with the Second Division 
of the Second Armj' Corps. She followed tlie 
army all through the battle of the Wilder- 
ness and down to City Point. At Freder- 
icksburg she had charge of the hospital in the 
Catholic Church of that city. At Port Roy- 
al she attended many of the wounded of the 
battles of Chaucellorsville and White House 
Landing. She remained with the army until 
1804, and was associated with the well-known 
army-nurse, Mrs. Mary Morris, of I'hiia- 
delphia, whose husband was the grandson of 
Robert Morris, of Revolutionary fame. 

The Soldiers' Moxr^rENT ix Camden. 
— The beautiful and imposing monument 
erected to the memory of the fallen heroes of 
Camden County in the A\'ar for the Union is 
situated in the northeast part of the cit)-, near 
the City Hall, on a plot of ground donated 
by the city of Camden. It is a fine specimen 
of workmanship and an honor to the city and 
county. The movement which resulted in 
its erection was originated by Post 5, G. A. 
R.,of Camden, formerly Sedgewick Post, No. 
C, who contributed the first three hundred 
dollars. The ue.xt contribution was one thou- 
sand dollars, by the Board of Freeholders, 
which body eventually appropriated the bal- 
ance of the entire amount of five thou.sand 
five hundred dollars required. The monu- 
ment was constructed of granite, by Krips tV: 
Shearman. It is thirty-nine feet six in<'hes 
high, and weighs forty-.seven tons. The 
railing around the monument was furnished 
by the county. The dedication took place 
June 9, ]87.'>, on which occasion the city of 



Camden was decorated with flags, banners 
and streamers. The military display and 
parade were an interesting part of the cere- 
mony. There were present the Third Regi- 
ment, from Elizabeth ; the Fourth Hattalion, 
from Bridgetou and Millville ; the Sixth 
Regiment and Battery B, of Camden. The 
prominent persons present were Governor 
Parker and his staff, composed of Adjutant- 




THE soldiers' MOXr.MENT. 

General Stryker, Quartermaster Lewis Per- 
rine, Surgeon Barry and Colonels Murphy 
and Dickerson ; (General Gershom Mott, with 
his staff, Adjutant-General Lodor, Quarter- 
master Ridgway, Surgeon Welling and 
I\[ajor Owens ; General I). Hart and staff, 
composed of Colonels M^eston and Murphy ; 



Ifi6 



IITSTOllY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Major Robbins and Captain Edgar ; Hous. 
John Y. Foster, A. L. Runyan, Samuel 
Hopkins. 

" The ceremonies were opened by General 
Carse iu a brief address. He then introduced 
Rev. P. L. Davie.s, of New York, who offered 
a prayer, and after this the monument was 
unveiled with beautiful and appropriate cere- 
monies, amid the cheers of the vast multitude 
assembled, the music of the bands and 
grand salute from Battery B, and the Star 
Spangled Banner at the signal unfolded itself 
from around the marble shaft and ascended 
majestically to the peak of the flag statl' that 
was erected iu the rear, and as if by magic a 
perfect shower of miniature flags fell gently 
upon the vast concourse below. A. C Scovel, 
Esq., then introduced John Y. Foster, the 
speaker of the day, and author of ' New 
Jersey in the Great Rebellion.' He followed 
the gallant Jersey regiments from the State 
to the field and through their grand march of 
triumph, not only the glorious victories won 
in Virginia, but also the grandest of all 
luarchea, — the march through Georgia, and 
reviewed the termination and turned to re- 
flect upon the great lesson of the hour." 

The following names which are engraved 
on this monument are of soldiers from Cam- 
den County who died during the war : 
Ctiloitei-:. 

Louis R. Fraiicine. H. Boyd McKeen. 

John P. Vanleer. Wm. B. Hatch. 

Lieutenant- ( 'o/onels. 

Simpson R. Stioiicl. Thomas H. Davis. 

C(.ii>taitis. 

('. Haufty. C. Meves. 

J.M.Comb. W. K. Maxwell. 

C,I. Fiekls. T. Stevenson. 

I!. K. Hoisfall. ('. Wilson. 

K. Ilaniihon. 

First- Lieutenants. 

W. S. Briggs. R. A. (JurlLs. 

VV. Evans. J. R. Rich. 

J. T. r.owo. J. R. Ciowell. 

SefOii(l-Lieti.ten(int». 
W. 8. Barnard. G. W. Ei.sler. 

T. J. Howell. D. R. G'owperthwaite. 



tSeryeanls. 

D. A. Westcoat. G. M. Hineline. 
J. D. Richardson. J. B. Johnson. 
C. E. Cheesemen. C. H. Jewell. 

S. W. Bates. J. R. McGowau. 

J. Curtis. T. Krugg. 

J. Dimon. C. W. Lowe. 

C. F. Dickinson. E. Mitchell. 

H. Fisler. J. W. Moore. 

J. K. Frankish. I. J. Rue. 

C. G. P. Goforth. P. Riley. 

]'. A. Grum. C. P. Fish. 

l. A. Korn. J. Woollard 
C. E. Githens. 

Chrporals. 

,1. F. Bailey. B. Linton. 

H. B Brown. E. W. Laue. 

J. M. Roe. E. Livermore. 

J. Clements. A. H. Merry. 

W. W. Collins. J. Miller. 

S. B. Carter. J. McClernand. 

C. P. Norton. J. Roshback. 

C. Helmuth, G. A. Smith. 

W. F. Hessel. M. Slimm. 

C. E. Hugg. F. Schwartz. 

E. Holly. G. W. Thompson. 
J. C. Dilkes. W. Thompson. 
W. H. Jones. A. Wooley. 
J.S.Kay. J. Zanders. 

W. Rich. H. Bechtel. 

G. North. H. K. Patton. 
P. Larricks. 

Privates. 

G. Adam.s. J. Bozarth. 

A. Adams. A. G. Bryan. 
H. Adler. W. Batt. 

.1. E. Amit. D. Bates. 

J.Adams. P. Barnel. 

E. Ayers. G. Boom. 

T. F. Asay. S. Beck. 

.1. .Anderson. W. Brown. 

,1. Brown. J. Brice. 

B. Budd. J. Breer. 
E. Browning. E. Barber. 
J. Buchanan. H. Beckley. 
J. Bakely. W. Cook. 

(r. B. Budd. A. Clingham. 

.1. Bates. A. Coule. 

L. Breyer. W. B. Carson. 

A. Breyer. G. W. Chew. 

J. Bebhe. J. W. Clement. 

J. Bower T. Cobb. 

J. Beetle, .Ir. R. (i. Curry. 

,1. Bowker. T, Cloren. 

L. Banks. T. D. Clark. 



THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 



167 



J. S. Copeland. 

I. Calvvay. 

R. Clayton. 

J. Cline. 

J. G. Conley. 

C. F. Col let t. 

I. H. Copeland. 

J. Q. A. Cline. 

N. B. Cook. 

J. Conley. 

H. Cramer. 

T.Carmack. 

H. Culler. 

H. Graver. 

J. Conlan. 

J. Crammer. 

J. P. Callaway. 

M. Cavanaugh. 

W. H. Chamberlain. 

C. Downs. 
J. Diehl. 
J. Devlin. 
S. Dermott. 

S. Dermott (2d). 
J. Dowel 1. 
R. Dresser, Sr. 
J. S. Dill. 
J. R. Dornell. 
E. P. Davis. 
J. Dyle. 
A. Downs. 
.1. H. Douglas. 
S. O. Darrnw. 
R. Davis. 

E. Dougherty. 

D. Drigget. 
J. E. Dorrell. 
D. Doughty. 

.1. J. Dannenhower. 

T. Davis. 

M. Effinger. 

W. Earley. 

R. G. Easley. 

J. Elberson. 

W. Edge. 

J. Edinger. 

A. P^lberson. 

W. Evans. 

J. Fitzgerald. 

W. Frey. 

J. A. Fenner. 

D. Ford. 

F. Fellows. 
J. G. Foster. 
J. Groskinsky. 



J. Gillespy. 
L. Grundliiig. 
L. Gitlbrd. 

C. Gautier. 
.1. F. Gaul. 
W. Goebel. 
H. Githens. 
J. Gammel. 
R. Grant. 

J. H. Gaunt. 
G. Gerwine. 

D. Gorden. 

G. H. Gilbert. 

A. Gervis. 

J. Hollingsworth. 

C. Hambrec'ht. 
V. Henrieus. 
H. F. Hensman. 
J. F.Haines. 

G. A. Holmes. 
G. Haiuio. 
P. F. Hilyard. 

D. H. Horner. 
S. G. Hultz. 
W. Herring. 
I,. Heller. 

A. Hawk. 
G. Howard. 
H. Hinkle. 
W. F. Halmbold. 

E. Hefferman. 
H. Hears. 

M. Hall. 

y. (J. Heils. 

G. M. D. Hampton. 

W. H. Plarris. 

D. Horner. 
.1. P. Huyck. 
Adam Job. 
J. W. .Fobes. 
T. Johnson. 
A. J. Joline. 

E. Johnson, 
(i. Kell. 

A. J. Keim. 

E. Lock. 
J. Louis. 
J. Logan. 
W. J. Leake. 

F. Laib. 
D. Lutz. 

J. B. Leaeh. 

G. B. Land. 
J. Lewis. 
J. Leslie. 



,1. W. Lee. 

\V. R. Lancaster. 

\V. Lock. 

.1. K. Liphsey. 

B. H. Linton. 

E. Miles. 

C. Mensing. 
J. Munsan. 
R. Marshall. 
H. D. Morgan. 
J. Macinall. 
M. Marshall. 

F. Mullen. 

E. F. Mills. 

T. R. Jliddleton. 
<T. E. Monroe. 
L. Miller. 
J. Miller, 
J. Maehtotl-. 
T. Marrott. 
.J. Murray. 
A. W. Martin. 

G. Mount. 

G. W. Mooney. 
R. J. McAdaras. 
A. McGauhey. 
.r. McMullen. 
M. McLaughlin. 
C. McLaughlin. 
T. J. McKeighan. 
M. McNulty. 
VV. McDowell. 
X. McElhone. 
G. McCabe. 
L. McConnell. 
.1. M( Adams. 
J. McKeon. 
H. McMullen. 
P. Nolan. 
M. Nicholson. 
8. B. NorcroC. 
.r. S. Nicholson. 
M. Nayse. 
W. Nagle. 
A. Oldham. 
M. Oregan. 
C. Owens. 

F. O'Neil. 

P. H. O'Doniu'll. 
P. O'Donuell. 
L J. Pine. 
T. Pike. 
J. Parks. 
R. M. Price. 
A. Pond. 



P. Pepoon. 
I). Ryan. 
.1. Hh.Mle. 
1). Kumford. 
K. Robinson. 
\V. Robust. 
r. D. Ross. 
.J. Ryan. 
V. Rodgers. 
W. Rowe. 
J. Roofe. 
T. J. Rudderow. 
W. J. Rudy. 
H. Richmond. 
D. Reading. 

A. Schwartz. 

C. Schey. 
R. F. Stone. 

.1. A. Steelman. 
G. A. Schmitt. 
J. E. Stark. 

D. M. Southard. 
W. Shroder. 

J. Schlatter. 
.1. Sturges. 
P. Stoy. 
F. Stadler. 
S. Syrapkins. 
P Stevenson. 

D. Sullivan. 

B. F. Sweet. 
S. Sutton. 

E. H. Smith. 
.V. Subers. 

\V. H. Stockton. 
W. H. Schafter. 
S. S. Somei's. 
W. R. Stewart. 
J. K. Stow. 
H.Smith. 

B. F. Schlecht. 
.1. Stevenson. 
1). Sinipkins. 

F. Sichttnlierg. 

C. W. Skill. 
F. Street. 
J. Smith. 

J. S. Smith. 
n. p. Snyder. 
W. Streoper. 
H. Steflins. 
T. Simpson. 
T. Shields. 
R. H. Strought. 
C. S. Turner. 



168 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN (BOUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



H. G. Thorn. 

G. C. Truea.x. 

C. S. Tyndall. 

J. Thomas. 

H. Todd. 

C. Ulrich. 

C. Ulrich. 

J. G. Vanneman. 

J. Wells. 

L. A. Westcoat. 

T. Walker. 

G. Wannan. 

A. J. Walker. 
S. Wilson. 

B. Ware. 
A. Wolf. 
W. Wallace. 
J. Woerner. 
W. Wilson. 



8. W. White. 
.7. C. W' are. 
J. C. Whippy. 
L. P. Wilson. 
T. 6. Williams. 
G. Warr. 

D. Wells. 

J. Williams. 
W. Wells. 

E. Watson. 
E. P. Wilson. 
W. J. Wood. 
C. Winters. 

C. H. Wennel. 

D. R. Winner. 
.T. C. Young. 

C. Yeager. 

D. C. Yourison. 
M. Zimmerman. 



Neceoi.ogy. — The following i.'* a com- 
plete list, as far as can be obtained from the 
Grand Army Posts and the sextons of the 
varions cemeteries of Camden County, of the 
soldiers whose remains lie in the places 
named : 

CAMTEN CEMETERY. 

(One hundred and thirty-five buried here.) 



Samuel R. Pain. 
James Coleman. 
Howard Dewees. 
George Williams. 
James F. Ross. 
Ottis G. Sanderson. 
John S. Normine. 
Martin Etfinger. 
Samuel Miller. 
Jacob Price. 
George Roedel. 
Andrew Merkle. 
Isaac Dougherty. 
Samuel B. Carter. 
Lieut. Thos. S. Stewart. 
Charles P. Horton. 
John Miller. 
C. B. McBride. 
Johan Diehl. 
J. F. Fisher. 
Alfred Bernard. 
Corpl. J. R. McOowan. 
J. H. Dutton. 
James Eiuely. 
Charles Ilclmutli. 
William I). Richardson. 



James Conover. 

Conover. 

Harris. 

Harris. 

• teorge Elder. 
William Dorsey. 
Abner Subers. 
James Smallvvood. 
William L. Gray. 
John Moran. 
I). \y. Morton. 
Joliii Robinson. 
William WiLson. 
William W. Whittaker. 

Felden [father]. 

Felden [son]. 

Clayton Edwards. 
Samuel J. Griflee. 

Biddle. 

Elijah Davis. 
Christian Hess. 
James GriflTec. 
Suton (xchweiler. 
Edward Eckc. 

Price. 

l.,anc. 



Thomas C. Surran. 
.lohn Thornton. 
James Hollingsworth. 
William Hampton. 
J. H. Dutton. 
C H. Cleaver. 
T. J. Cheeseman. 



Heinrieh Rauser. 
Joseph Pike. 
John B. Nevins. 
William W. Howe. 

Elberson. 

Elberson. 

John P. Cannon. 



Capt. J. R.Cunningham. Brinnisholtz. 

Corp. James Ireland. ('. H. Kleavor. 

Corp. Peter Shivers. 

Samuel Yates. 

Abraham Stow. 

Andrew O. Steinmets 

Jacob Hirsch. 



Conly. 

Benjamin Anderson. 

James Griffe. 

Price. 

J. G. Johnson. 
John P. Grant. Augustus F. S. Singleton. 

Adam Kolb, Sr. John Williams. 

Adam Kolb, Jr. Daniel Rowan. 

Sibenlist. James C. Lewis. 

Sibenlist. Robert Middleton. 

Ware. George Brooks. 

War of 1812. — billin(;sport. 
Capt .William Newton. John Smith. 
Daniel S. Carter. 
Nathan A. Carter, sexton, No. .33, North Fourth 

Street. 



EVERCiREEN C 

Joseph Bontemps. 
Alexander Nicholls. 
Lewis Kenney. 
Jonas T. Hull. 
Wm. D. Richardson. 
Albert Kemble. 
Morris R. Giles. 
Joseph S. Fletcher. 
Joseph McAllister. 
Charles M. Ferat. 
John Schack. 
Christian He.ss. 
William A. Tat em. 
George H. Snyder. 
Joseph L. Coles. 
E. T. Davis. 
H. Dieckman. 
Richard W. Parsons. 
Alonzo D. Nichols. 
.John Miles. 
James H. Kerns. 
1). R. Cowperthwaite. 
(ieo. W. Roseman. 
]•:. Miles. 
William Malone. 
Thomas R. Middleton 
E. C. R. WoodrnlV. 
James J. Snow. 



EMETERY (cAMDE??). 

John M. Ehillman. 
Wm. H. Schwab. 
F. G. S. Pfeiffer, M.D. 
Captain James Snow. 
William H. Sugden. 
Heju-y K. Patton. 
William P. Reeves. 
1st Lt. Saml. J. Malone. 
Capt. Frank M. Malone. 
Col. W. B. Hatch. 
Joseph A. Beck- 
1st Lt. William M. Sh iw. 
Joseph C. Huyck. 
Joseph C. Vanneman, 

(Surg. IT. S. N.) 
Thomas James Howell. 
William G. licake. 
John Robertson. 
IstLt. S. .\.Steinmctz. 
Thomas R. McKenney. 
Robert (i. Clark. 
William B. BcMJamin. 
K. C. Allen. 
L. H. Marker. 
William Hutchinson. 
. Edward B. Brown. 
Thomas Herbert. 
Thomas Kellv. 



THE WAR F(3R THE UNION. 



Edgar Reeve. 
John E. Stratton. 
Samuel W. Mattson. 

Hansell. 

George R. Augell. 
John Wallace. 
Joshua F. Stone. 
Colonel Martin Seldon. 
John W. Bear. 
William J. Paul. 
Daniel Smith. 
Alonzo W. Schuler. 
Jacob H. (iilmore. 



R. F. Sherman. 
E. F. Locke. 
C. B. Carter. 
Andrew McCartney. 
S. E. Somers. 
J. W. Norton. 
C. E. Githen.s. 
James Carpenter. 
William B.Shult. 
Charles H. Billings. 
Jeremiah Berry. 
Capt. Henry Z. Gibson. 
Chas. G. P.Goforth. 



CEDAR (iRdVE fEME I'Eli Y ((i I.OHCESTER dTY). 



Thomas Shaw. 
Corp. Miles Blakely. 
Ale.xander Work. 
Peter Rancoru. 

Fithian. 

Ginn. 

John JIarshall. 
James A. Schotield. 
Stephen A. Briggs. 
John Lincoln. 
Chas. H. Cordery. 
John Herron. 
Wm. Hutchinson. 
Henry Simpkins. 
Brig.-tJen. ,1. Willian 
Thomas HoH'. 
John Sands. 
(Jabriel Surran. 
.lames Kane. 
.Tames McElmoyle. 
Thomas B. Campbell. 
John E. Miller. 
Peter D. Hewlings. 
.loseph Davis. 
Howell R. Davis. 
Joseph Bush. 



James Sipplc. 
Hiram Irvine. 
Wm. N. Groves. 
James Groves. 
Robert Berryman. 
Robert McAdoo. 
Arthur Powell. 
David Conklin. 
Abram Martin. 
James W. Moss. 
Philip H. Smith. 
Charles H. Hulings. 
Wm. H. Wilson. 
James A. Duddy. 
Wm. H. Stout. 
Wm. Tyas. 
Samuel Hootcn. 
Wm. Akens. 

Ford. 

John Gsborne. 
Joseph Barton. 
John Norton. 
.John Pew. 
Foster Stanford. 
Fritz Speigle. 
George W. Murray. 



METHODIST CEMETERY (HADDONFIELD.) 

John A. Fish. Franklin Hoops. 

Davis Rumford. Win. Henry Nutt. 

Richard Lippincott. Julin Bakely. 

Augn.stus Bare. Wm. McCarty. 

Lewis Rumford. Josiah Fish. 

Isaac Arterburn. Isaac Cade. 

BAPTIST CEMETERY (HAnDONFIELD.) 

James Fortner. James Brick. 

Lorenzo Jess. Wm. H. Hoey. 

Samuel Wilson. Levi E. Bate.s. 

Saml. Eggman. Charles Scott. 

' In Revolutionary War; died 1806. 



Ashbrook. .John W. Swinker. 

Jacob Dill. Alfred Kcn'tner. 

Silas Gartledge. Lawrence. 

James Young. 

UNION CEMETERY' (ul.OUCESTER CITY). 

George Hoffman. Thomas Pancoast. 

Chakley Cheeseman. John Jordan. 



Thomas Cheeseman. 
George Elmbark. 
Wm. Russell. 

ST. MARY'S CEMETERY (( AI'IH 



Edward Russell. 
Richard Wilson. 



il.OUCESTER 



Patrick Reilly. 
.las. Cooney. 
John O'Neill. 
Daniel Kelly. 
Michael McGrorey. 
James McGrorey. 
Wm. Lenny. 
Patrick Boylan. 
Edward Cole. 
John Cloran. 
Timothy Cloran. 
Edward Burroughs. 
Christopher Dolan. 
Francis Queen. 
John Berzell. 
Thomas Guigan. 
James White. 
Patrick Waters. 
Michael Hurley. 
Constantine O'Neill. 
William Leo. 
James Daly. 
Johnson's cemetery (stockton township). 



Edward Tool. 
Matthew Finuegan. 
Wm. McElhone. 
Nicholas Brady. 
Henry AIcElhone. 
Florence Sullivan. 
Michael Corcoran. 
Joseph Brady. 
Thomas Ageu. 
Christopher Winters. 
I'.itrick McGuire. 
Daniel Kenuey. 
.Michael Callahan, 
.lohn Kenney. 
.lames McCanu. 
James Byers. 
Hugh Hines. 
Thomas Sweeny. 
John Reilly. 
James BIcNally. 
Michael Devlin. 



Nathaniel Stout. 
Thomas Ryan. 
Josiah Pruitt. 
Jacob Brisco. 
David Whiting. 
James H. Menoken. 
Josiah Shipley. 
Edward Shipley. 
Henry Ramsey. 



George S. Menoken. 
Edward Barnard. 
George H. Stewart, 
.loseph Wells. 
Amos W. Nash. 
Theopliilus Peterson. 
James Weeks. 
John Ryan- 
John Miller. 



COLESTOWN CEMETERY (cAMDEN COUNTY). 

Capt. Wm. C. Shinn. Abram Middlcton. 



Abraham Browning. 
Joseph Cline. 
Joseph Errickson. 
J. Stokes Evans. 
Bowman Hendry. 
James Henry. 
Theodore W. Kain. 



■Vrchibald Scott. 
William Shaw. 
Richard C. Schriner. 
William H. Snyder, 
.lob E. Stockton. 
Stacy G. Stockton. 
Samuel West. 



Wm. Henry Lewallen. John J. White. 



170 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COT'NTY. NEW JEESEY 



The Graxp Army of the Republic. — 
All honorably-discharged soldiers and sailors 
who have served in the army or navy of the 
United States are entitled to membership in 
the Grand Army of the Repul)lic. In this 
respeet it is the first organization of its kind 
effected in this country or elsewhere. Soon 
after the close of the Revolution, army socie- 
ties were formed which were composed of 
commissioned officers and their descendants. 

The most prominent of these was the fam- 
ous Society of the Cincinnati, which still has 
an existence. Army and corps organizations 
of the War of 1812 and of the Mexican War 
have existed for social and convivial purposes? 
but none of these societies named have been 
ba.sed on the principle of mutual aid in time 
of need, or comprehended purposes so exalted 
as those eaibi'aced in the declaration of the 
Grand Army of the Republic, namely, " Fra- 
ternity, charity, loyalty." This society, whose 
purpose is to band together the men who wore 
the blue during the war, originated in the 
We.st. To Colonel B. F. Stephenson, M.D., 
of Springfield, Illinois, is given the credit of 
being the first person who formulated the 
plans of its noble aims. The first post was 
organized at Dakota, Illinois, in 18fi6. The 
idea of extending the organization was com- 
municated to many army associates. A State 
Department Encampment was organized in 
Illinois on the 12th of July, 1866, under 
Colonel Stephenson. In the month of No- 
vember of the same year a National Encamp- 
ment was organized at Indianapolis, with 
representatives present from nearly all the 
Northern States. These encampments have 
been held annually since then, in various lo- 
calities of the Union. The State became di- 
vided into districts, and the organization of 
posts was exceedingly rapid. Six months 
after the date of the formation of the society 
fort}' thousand men through the Northern 
States were enrolled as members. The first 
department organization in the State of New 
Jersey was effected in the month of Jarmary, 



1868. The memljership of the order in this 
State in 1884 was reported at five thousand 
two hundred and seventy-nine. The entire 
membership in the United States for the same 
year was two hundred and thirty-three thou- 
sand five hundred and ninety-five. Its mem- 
bership is now estimated at three hundred 
thousand, more than one-fourth of the sur- 
vivors of the war. 

Under the auspices of the order thousands 
of camp-fires, fairs, reunions and banquets 
have been held. These revive the sufferings 
and sacrifices and recall the unwritten history 
of the war. At these meetings no rank is 
recognized, save that conferred by the order, 
and any member is eligible to any position in 
its gift. 

The history of various posts now existing 
in the city and county of Camden are here 
given, according to the date organization. 

Thomas M. K. Lee Post, No. o, of Cam- 
den, was organized in January, 1876, in 
Camden, with eighty-five charter-members. 
The first officers of the post were as fol- 
lows : 

Post Cominaudor, Edmund May ; Senior Vice- 
Commander, Samuel Hufty; Junior Vice-Comman- 
der, George W. Gile ; Surgeon, James A. Arm- 
strong, M.D. ; Chaplain, August H. Lung ; Officer 
of the Day, Benjamin Carlin ; Offii-er of the Guard, 
Robert B. McCovvau ; Quartermaster, Josepli C. 
Nichols ; Adjutant, Alexander Nichols. 

At the first meeting of the post it was 
unanimously decided to honor a gallant soldier 
of General Philip Kearny's Second Brigade, 
by adopting the name of " Thomas M. K. 
Lee Post." The following is a complete 
roster of this po.st for 1886 : 

Commander, David M. Spence; Senior Vice, 
Benjamin C. Coles ; Junior Vice, William Thomp- 
son ; Adjutant, J. Ivelly Brown ; Surgeon, William 
P. Hall ; Officer of the Day, Samuel Hufty ; Otficer 
otthe Guard, Joseph W Ore; Chaplain, Harry L. 
Hartshorne; Quartermaster, William Whitely ; 
Quartermaster-Sergeant, William H. Rightmire; 
Sergeant-Major, William ChandUr. 

( 'om rades. 
John S. Adams. W. R. Anderson. 



THE WAK FOR THE UNION. 



L. Andrews. 
John W. Ayres. 
R. T. BarL'lay. 
John Bamford. 
George Barrett. 
Thomas Bates, Sr. 
Charles F. Bender. 
William P. Besser. 
James C. Blackuood. 
Edward Blanck. 
William Blanck, Sr. 
George W. Blanck. 
William Bovell. 
Charles P. Beyer. 
David B. Brown. 
J. Kelly Brown. 
W. M. Burns. 
Ci. W. Burroughs. 
Benjamin F. Carlin. 
James Carrigan. 
James E. Cai'son. 
J. Caskey. 

Charles B. Capewell. 
William H. Chandler. 
Jesse Chew. 
William H. H. Clark. 
John Clifford. 
Joseph Cline. 
John Coates, Sr. 
John W. Coates, 
Benjamin D. Coley. 
Reuben D. Cole. 
William H. Cooper. 
Albert G. Crane. 
Charles Cregar. 
John Cromie. 
And. J. Cunningham. 
George R. Dannehower 
George F. Deaves. 
John Derry. 
Albert C. Dildine. 
John W. Donges. 
George X. Dresser. 
M. S. Ellis. 
Thomas T. Estworthy. 
Theodore F. Fields. 
Samuel Flood. 
Joseph B. Fox. 
Henry B. Francis. 
B. F. Gault. 
George W. Gile. 
W. E. Gilling. 
William Gleason. 
Thomas R. Grapevine. 
W. S. Grigg. 



.1(1. 



William P. Hail. 
Leonard S. Hart. 
H. L. Hartshorn. 
Thomas Harm an. 
R. G. Hann. 
J. Haynes. 
Charles H. Helnd)^ 
A. S. Helms. 
S. Henderson. 
Richard N. Herring. 
Robert M. Hilluian. 
Charles A. Hotchkiss. 
Thomas Hoy. 
Samuel Hufty. 
David W. J. Hutton. 
David O. Hunter. 
Mahlon F. Ivins. 
Samuel Jackaway. 
Stephen M. Janney. 
Frank S. Jones. 
Charles Kalt. 
Benjamin L. Kellum. 
Robert King. 
William H. Kingley. 
Edward D. Knight. 
Frank L. Knight. 
Joseph C. Lee. 
Richard H. Lee. 
David B. Litzeuberg. 
George W. Loughlin. 
William Madison. 
Edward W. Madison. 
David F. Matthews. 
Edmund May. 
William T. Mead. 
Jonas Melloi. 
Matthew Miller. 
Michael Morgan. 
Daniel B. Murphy. 
Robert B. McCowan. 
Andrew McCready. 
John McMain. 
John Noll. 
John North, Jr. 
Joseph W. Ore. 
William M. Palmer. 
Charles N. Pelouze. 
John B. Peters. 
William H. Righlmirt 
Clarence L. Ross. 
John D. Sargeant. 
Conrad Schwoerer. 
(ieorge W. Scott. 
James M. Scovel. 
John K. Seagreaves. 



William Thompson. 
Albert F. Tilton. 
Baker D. Tomlin. 
Zebulon T. Tompkins. 
John L. Topham. 
John Trimble. 
John F. Tudor. 
George Urban. 
Theodore Verlander. 
Charles H. Walker. 
Samuel S. Weaver. 
William H. Wheaton. 
William Whitely. 
Virgil Willett. 
George E. Wilson. 
George W. Wood. 
William T. G. Young. 
Charles G. Zimmerman. 



Junius E. Severance. 
William J. Sewell. 
.Tames H. Shannon. 
William H. Shearman. 
Isaac W. Shinn. 
Samuel E. Sheetz. 
John C. Shute. 
Charles Shivers, Jr. 
William L. Skinner. 
William H. Simpson. 
William B. Smith. 
David M. Spence. 
.\rthur Stanley. 
William H. Stan.sberg. 
Charles Steeger. 
William Stillings. 
John J. Stone. 
James M. Stradliug. 
H. Genet Taylor. 

Captain Thomas M. K. Lee, Jk., early 
iu 1861, ideutified himself with the troops 
who volunteered from the city of Camdeu. 
He enlisted a.s a private in (,^ompauy F, 
Fourth Regiment New Jersey Volunteer 
Militia ; was promoted sergeant and served 
with the regiment until disharged at expir- 
ation of term of service, July 31, 1861. He 
enlisted August 9, 1861, in Company 1, 
Sixth Regiment New Jersey Volunteer In- 
fantry, for three years. September 9, 1861, 
he was commissioned first lieutenaut of the 
company; and, on January 16, 186;J, was 
commissioned as captain of C'ompany K of 
his regiment. He commanded the regiment 
from Spottsylvania Court-Hou.se, Va., to 
North Anna River ; was detailed judge-ad- 
vocate on the staiFof Brigadier-General i\lc- 
Allister, commanding Third Brigade, Third 
Division, Second Array Coi-ps, and as the 
same under Major-General Gershom Mott. 
He was mustered out with his regiment Sep- 
tember 7, 1864. 

With his regiment he participated in the 
following battles : 

Siege of Yorktown, \'a., April and May, 18(12; 
Williamsburg, Va., May 5,1862; Fair Oaks, June 
1 and 2, 1862; Seven Pines, Va., June 25,1862; 
Savage Station. Va., June 29, 1862 ; Malvern Hill, 
Va., July 1,1862; Brislow Station, Va., August 



172 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COINTY', NEW JERSEY. 



27, 18i;2 ; Second Bull Run, August29, 1862; CLan- 
tilly, Va., September 1, 1862; Centreville, Va., 
September 2, 1862 ; Fredericksburg, Va., Decem- 
ber 13 and 14, 1862; Chancellorsville, Va., May 3 
and4, 1862; Gettysburg, Pa., July 2 and 3, 1863; 
Wappiiig Heights, Va., October 15 1863 ; Mine 
Run, Xa., November 29 and 30, 1863 ; Wilderness, 
Va., May 5 to 7, 1864; Spottsylvania, Va., May 8 
to 11, 1864; Spottsylvania Uourt-House, Va., May 
12 to IS, 1864 ; North Anna River, Va., May 23 to 
24, 1864; Tolopotomy Creek, Va., May 30, 1864 ; 
Cold Harbor, Va., June 1 to 5, 1864 ; Petersburg, 
Va., June 16 to 23, 1864 ; Deep Bottom, Va., July 
25 to 27, 1864; Mine Explosion, Va., July 30, 1864 ; 
North Bank James River, Va., August 14 to IK, 
18(i4; Ream's Station, Va., August 25, 1864 ; wu.s 
wounded in the head at battle of Chancellorsville ; 
was wounded in face and neck at battle of Spott- 
sylvania. 

He returnerl to Cauulen after the war ami 
wa.s elected, in 1865, as couuty clerk, and 
held the position for five years. He died 
December 10, 1873, aged thirty-seven years, 
and wa.s buried in Evergreen Cemetery. A 
wife and one child survive him. 

WiLi-iAM B. Hatch Post, No. 37, of 
(-amden, was instituted and chartered No- 
veod)er 25, 1879, with eighty-one members 
and the following named Post officers : 

Post Commander, John R. Grubb; Senior Vice- 
Commander, Richard J. Robertson ; Junior Vii'c- 
Commander, Daniel J. Fullen ; Surgeon, Thomas 
G. Rowand, M.D. ; Chaplain, John Quick ; Officer 
of the Day, John A. Dall ; Officer of the Guard, 
Edmund G. Jackson, Jr.; Quartermaster, Chris. J. 
Mines, ,)r. ; .Xdjiitant, Benjamin J. Pierce; Ser- 
geant-Major, William A. Tattern ; Quartermaster- 
Sergeant, William B. E. Miller. 

At the first meeting of the Post it was de- 
citled by a unanimous vote to name it in 
honor of the late Colonel William B. Hatch, 
oi' the Fourth Regiment. When Mrs. C. 
Hatch, the mother of the colonel, was in- 
formed that the post had honored the memory 
of her sijn by naming it after him, she sent 
to the Post the following respon.se : 

"Camdrn, N. J., November 26th, 1879. 
" .loUN R. Grubb, Post Commander. 

" De.\r Sir,— It will aflbrd me much 
pleasure to be identified with Post 37, G. A. R., 



named in honor of my sou, William B. Hatch, by 
allowing me to present to the same its colors. The 
memory of my son is ever dear to nie, and, while 
at the same moment I may have thought the sac- 
rifice too great an affliction, yet I was consoled 
by the fiict that I gave him up that this Union 
might be jireserved. It was duty and patriotism 
that called him, and while I mourn him as a mother 
for a well-beloved son, yet I would not have stayed 
him, for the love of country and the upholding of 
this glorious Republic is what every mother should 
instil into her sons, as the purest and holiest spirit. 
Yours truly, 

"C. Hatch." 

^riie following is a complete roster for the 
year 1 886 : 

Post Commander, Benjamin H. Connelly ; Senior 
Vice-Commander, Adam C. Smith ; Junior Vice- 
Commander, William Haegele ; Surgeon, George 
Pfau ; Chaplain, Samuel Gaul ; Otficer of the Day, 
Robert Crawford ; Officer of the Guard, John D. 
Cooper ; Quartermaster, Samuel J. Fenner ; Ad- 
jutant, William B. Summers; Sergeanl-Major, 
Stacy H. Bassett; Quartermaster-Sergeant, Otto 
K. Lockhart. 

Comrades. 
Philip Achenbach. J. Q. Burniston. 

George L. Allchin. George Burton; 

Isaac Albertson. Frederick Buser. 

Joseph Applegate. Thomas L. Bush. 

John W. Barclay. William Butcher. 

Martin M. Barney. Isaac B. Buzby. 

Joseph Baxter. Edward C. Cattell. 

William W. Bennett. Joseph Cameron. 
Charles L. Bennett. James H. Carey. 

Abel Biddle. William Carey. 

George K. Biddle. James Chadwick. 

Henry Bickeriug. James Chafey. 

John Bieri. George M. Chester. 

Robert M. Bingham. James D. Chester. 
Socrates T. Bittle. Lewis L. Chew. 

George W. Bittle. Henry S. Chew. 

Benjamin F. Blizzard. John W. Chniri. 
Joseph Borton. Andrew B. Cline. 

Frederick Bowers. Charles Clarke 

Benjamin M. Brakcr. Samuel J. Cook. 
John Breyer. Levi R. Cole. 

William H. Brians. John J. Collins. 

Wm. J. Broadwater. John C. Cooper. 
William Broadwater. John W. Cotner. 
.lohn Brown. Thomas L. Conly. 

Harris Brooks. Harvey M. Cox. 

William H. Brooks. Jason S. Cox. 

Joseph F. Bryan. Harris Crane. 

Joseph Buddew. Charles Cress. 



THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 



173 



Joel G. C'ros^i. 
O. 0. Cunninghiuii. 
John A. Dall. 
John Dalby- 
John H. Damon. 
Westley Dare. 
John E. Dawson. 
Adam T. Dawson. 
Jame.s L. Davis. 
William Davis. 
Amos R. Dease. 
Henry Deford. 
Lewis F. Derouase. 
Michael Devinney. 
Glendora Devo. 
John Digney. 
Joseph Dilks. 
William A. Dobbins. 
George W. Dunlaji. 
Christopher Ebele. 
Godfrey Eisenhart. 
John Elberson. 
Charles Elwell. 
Charles Eminecker. 
John Esler. 
John H. Evans. 
John J. Early. 
Aaron B. Eacritt. 
Charles S. Fackler. 
James Fanington. 
James A. Farraday. 
John H. Farry. 
John Faughey. 
Wm. H. Feulin. 
George G. Felton. 
George W. Ferguson. 
Charles W. Fish. 
Israel L. Fish. 
James Finnan. 
Samuel B. Fisher. 
Edward L. Fisher. 
Ephraim B. Fithian. 
Jacob T. Fisher. 
Edward Fitzer. 
Samuel Flock. 
Leonard Flor. 
John Fox. 
John S. Fo.x. 
H. H. Franks. 
Chas. B. Frazer. 
Thomas J. Francis. 
Samuel W. Gahan. 
Chas. H. Gale. 
James Galbraith. 
Thomas Garman. 



Harry ( iarrcn. 
John W. Garwood. 
Josiah Garrison. 
John B. Gaskill. 
Richard Gaunt. 
Wm. German. 
Christopher Getsinger. 
Christopher Git'ney. 
Jacob Girtens. 
Albert Gilbert. 
James Gillen. 
Wm. Gifflns. 
C. C. Greany. 
Charles Green. 
W. H. Griffin. 
Louis (irosskops. 
William Grindnid. 
John R. Grubb. 
Mark H. Guest. 
John Guice. 
Alfred Haines. 
Charles (x. Haines. 
Japhet Haines. 
George F. Hamnioiul. 
Charles Hall. 
Solon R. Hankinson. 
Samuel P. Hankinson. 
James Hanson. 
Charles Hannans. 
H. A. Hartranft. 
Mahlon Harden. 
William F. Harper. 
George W. Haytcr. 
Samuel B. Harbeson. 
J. T. Hazletun. 
H. Heinman. 
James Henderson. 
William H. Heward. 
Franklin Hewitt, 
.lames T. Hemniingway. 
Charles Hewitt. 
Edward K. Hess. 
Samuel B. Hickman. 
George Higgens. 
Ephraim Hillman. 
C. M. Hoagland. 
Gaudaloupe Holl. 
William A. Holland. 
Isaac K. Horner. 
Count D. G. Hogan. 
William H. Howard. 
Baxter Howe. 
Allen Hubbs. 
Charles G. Hunsiuger. 
Presmel D. Hughes. 



1. N. Hugg. 
Sebastian Hummel I. 
Edward Hutchinson. 
C. Innes. 
Alfred Ivins. 
Benjamin Ivins. 
E. G. Jackson, Sr. 
E. G. Jack.son, Jr. 
Thomas Jameson. 
George Jauss. 
William P. Jenkins. 
James L. Johnson. 
Alfred Jones. 

B. F. Jones. 
William Joline. 
Charles Joseph. 
Charles Justice. 

C. H. Kaiu. 
R. R. Kates. 
Benjamin Kebler. 
Frank Kebler. 
Peter Keen. 
Henry N. Killian. 
.1. W. Kinsey. 

C. H. Knowlton. 
Thomas W. Krips. 
Joseph H. Large. 
John R. Leake. 
John Lecroy. 
Charles Leonhardt. 
Gefirge W. Locke. 
R. J. Long. 
Charles L. Lukens. 
J. H. Lupton. 
Valentine Machemer. 
Edward Macloskey. 
Edward A. Martin. 
William P. Marsh. 
John Mapcs. 
William Mead. 
William Metealf 
E. A. Meyer. 
C. Meyers. 
George Meilor. 
C. A. Michener. 
William B. E. Miller. 
Jacob Miller. 
W. D.Miller. 
Samuel Mills. 
William W. Mines. 
Christopher J. Mines. 
George Molesbury. 
William Moran. 
Edward More. 
Richard Morgan. 



Jolm F. Moore. 
S. II. Moyer. 
Jacob L. Morton. 
John Muir. 
John J. Murphy. 
Isaac Murray. 
Charles Myers. 
W. H. McAllister. 
James McCracken. 
Edward C. McDowell. 
Hugh McGrogan. 
H. M. Mcllvaine. 
W.F.McKillip. 
W.J. McNeir. 
Lewis McPhersoM. 
R. McPherson. 
Jacob Naglee. 
William Kaphas. 
Antonio Nosardi. 
Robert O'Keefe. 
John S. Owens. 
Robert Owens. 
Edward H. Pancoast. 
James Pancoast. 
Robert B. Patterson. 
William Patterson. 
E. W. Pease. 
John B. Pepper. 
Joel Perrine. 
John Peterson. 
D. E. Peugh. 
Frederick Phile. 
Sanuiel B.Pine. 
William M. Pine. 
Adon Powell. 
John Powell. 
John Portz. 
J. B. Prucelle. 
John Quick. 
S. E. Radclifie. 
I. C. Randolph. 
James A. Regens. 
Philip Reilly. 
Charles P. Reynolds. 
Alexander Rhodes. 
Benjamin F. Richard. 
Andrew Ridgway. 
Benjamin Robbins. 
Edward C. Roberts. 
James Roberts. 
Richard J. Robertson. 
William B. Robertson. 
Isaac Rogers. 
John Rogers. 
William H. Rogers. 



174 



HISTORY OF (JAMUEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY 



Thomas G. Rowand. 
Sebastian Schaub. 
Maurice Schmidt. 
Christian K. Schallers. 
James Schofield. 
George W. Scott. 
John R. Scott. 
John M.Sheraelia. 
Edward M. Siemers. 
John Simmons. 
Benjamin F. Shinn. 
Thomas Sheeran. 
James Shiekl. 
Charles Smith. 
George H. Smith. 
William W. Smith. 
Charles S. Small. 
Adolph Snow. 
W. Souder. 
Francis Souders. 
Robert Sjiarks. 
David C. Sprowl. 
Alfred L. Sparks. 
Abraham Springer. 
George W. Ste\Yart. 
William L.Stevenson. 
Thomas G. Stephenson. 
Samuel R. Stockton. 
Thomas Stockton. 
Henry Strick. 
E. J. Strickland. 
Thomas H. Stone. 
Charles Siring. 
George F. Stull. 
George W. Swaney. 
Crosby Sweeten 
William A. Tatem. 
William F. Tarr. 
Thomas S. Tanier. 
G. R. Tenner. 
Charles L. Test. 
Leonard Thomas. 
Benjamin Thomas- 
Henry C. Thomas. 

The Po.st meets every Thursday evening 
in their own G. A. R. Hall, on Stevens 
Street, below Fifth Street. 

Colonel Willia,vi B. Hatch was the 
son of the late William B. Hatcli, of Cam- 
den. As a youth he developed a fondness 
for military life. After his father's death 
he visited Europe, and spent several months 
in observation of the military systems of the 



George F. Thorne. 
Wesley Thorn. 
Thomas W. Thornely. 
Alexander W. Titus. 
Joseph Tompkins. 
J. E. Troth. 
Isaac C Toone. 
Samuel Tyler. 
Jacob M. Van Nest. 
Albert Vansciver. 
Joseph Wakeman. 
Theodore F. Walker. 
Liharles Walton. 
George Walton. 
Joseph Welsh. 
David Watson. 
George W. Wentling. 
Edward West. 
Elmer M. West. 
George Weyraan. 
Wilmer Whillden. 
James Whittaker. 
Samuel Wickward. 
Amos P. Wilson. 
G. A. Wilson. 
Richard Wilson. 

D. H. Wilson. 
Calvin T. Williams. 
George W. Williams. 
William H. Williams. 
John Williams. 
Samuel Winner, 
(leorge Wispert. 
John W. Wood. 
Joseph Woodfield. 
Walter Wolfkill. 

E. W. Wolvertoii. 
Elijah Worthington. 
C. M. Wright. 
George B. Wright. 
Henry S. Wright. 
Wesley T. Wright. 
William Zane. 



Continent. Upon the breaking out of the late 
war he was appointed adjutant of the Fourth 
Regiment New Jersey Militia, under Colonel 
Miller, and served with that regiment in 
the three months' service. Upon the organ- 
ization of the Fourth New Jersey Volunteer 
Regiment for the three years' service he was 
offered and accepted the commission of major 
of the regiment, and very soon after was 
commissioned lieutenant-colonel. With the 
Fourth Regiment he .served under Generals 
Kearny and Taylor, and as a part of General 
Franklin's division, Sedgewick's Sixth Army 
Corps. He took an active part in the Peninsula 
campaign under General j\[cCiellan. At the 
battle of Gaines' Mills tlie Fourth Regiment 
fought bravely for hours, but were finally 
surrounded and captured by the enemy, with 
his fellow-officers and companions. Colonel 
Hatch was carried a prisoner to Richmond, 
where for many weeks he sustained the 
horrors of the rebel pri.son. After being 
exchanged he rejoined his regiment, and soon 
after was (commissioned its colonel. His 
commissions date as follows : Major of the 
Fourth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers, 
Augu.st 17, 1861 ; lieutenant-colonel, Sep- 
tember 7, 18(31 ; and colonel, August 28, 
18(52. He participated with his regiment in 
the following engagements : 

West Point, Va., May 7, '62 ; Gaines' Mill, Va., 
June 27, '62; Manassas, N'a., AugiLst 27, '62; 
Chantilly, Va., September 1,"62; Cram pton's Pass, 
Md., September 14, '62 ; Antietam, Md., Septem- 
ber 17, '62 ; Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, '62. 

In this last battle he fell mortally wounded 
at the head of his regiment, while leading 
them to the attack upon the enemy's works. 
He was conveyed to the field hospital near 
Falmouth, Va., where his leg was ampu- 
tated. He tiled two days later, on December 
15, 1862, and his remains were returned to 
Camden- and interred in the cemetery. To 
such au extent had he gained the love and 
appreciation of his command that they 
collected iu the field six hundred dollars, and 



THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 



175 



])urohasecl and presented to liim a heautitul 
dapple gray horse called the " Grey Warrior," 
which afterwards became the property of 
General A. T. A. Torbert. This famou.s 
horse died at General Torbert's lionie in 
Delaware in 1882. 

The Loyal Ladies' League.— Hatch 
League, No. 2, L. L. L., auxiliary to Wil- 
liam B. Hatch Post, No. .37, Grand Army of 
the Republic, was instituted in Camden in 
January, 1873, with forty-two chart(M- mem- 
bers. The object of the association is to 
unite in fraternal bonds the families of 
honorably discharged soldiers and sailors 
who served during the ('ivil War, to aid the 
Post in whatever way assi.stance may be 
needed, and to aid in keeping sacred the 
solemnities of Decoration Day. 

In the interest of William B. Hatch Post 
the League has instituted and held three fairs, 
five bean suppers, one Japanese tea party, two 
dairy-maid festivals, twelve sociables and 
two fruit festivals. The proceeds of these 
entertainments, amounting to three thousand 
five hundred and twenty-nine dollars, were 
]iaid over to the Post by the finance com- 
mitttee of the League. In addition to this, 
the League has presented the Post with a 
large and valuable collection of relics from 
the battle-field of Gettysburg, and has 
assisted in purchasing and furnishing the 
Post hall, on Stevens Street, below Fifth. 

The following is a complete roster of the 
League at this date (1886) : 

President, Emma L. Devinney ; S. V., Emeline 
Howe; J. v., Mary A. Stockton; secretary, Mattie 
H. CTarrison ; treasurer, Mary A. Guest; chaplain, 
Harriet (i. Williams ; Conductress, Emma Rohr- 
niiin ; Guard, Mary Ehvell. 

Memhers. 
Ida L. Acheiibach. Lizzie Butcher. 

Loui.sa Allen. Mary .lane Cooper. 

Theresa Anderson. Elizabeth Cope. 

Kate Baker. Mary E.Corcoran. 

Fannie Bennett. Cornelia Co.\. 

Ellen Biddle. Emma Dease. 

Rebecca Bovell. Rebecca Eldridge. 

Amanda Butcher. Marv A. Elwell. 



Mary Fenton. 
Susan Franks. 
Mattie B. Garrison. 
Emma Gaskill. 
Ellen Gleason. 



Laura McNeir. 
Elizabeth McLaughlin. 
Imogene Meyers. 
Ada Miller. 
Rav Milliette. 



Dilwinna Greenwood Mary E. MofBt. 

AunaE. Grubb. Rebecca Nelson. 

Mary Guest. Mary Parsons. 

Anuie M. Hagele. Mary Pine. 

Mary E. Hankinson. Elizabeth Portz. 

Sallie X. Hankinson. Anna M. Quick. 

Mary V. Hewitt. Ruth Ross. 

Kate Holt. Emma Rei^ens. 

Henrietta Holland. Hannah Robinson. 

Hannah Horner. Lydia Roray. 

Emeline C. Howe. Rachel Sinkinson. 

Sallie D. Hugg. Annie Smick. 

Emma Ivins. .Teunie Smith. 

Hannah G. Ivins. Maria F.Smith. 

Elizabeth .lobes. Amanda Stratton. 

Catherine .Johnson. Fannie Strickland. 

Priscilla .Tohuson. Minnie T. Summers. 

Annie E. Johnson. Amanda Thomas. 

Emily Kinsey. Ketnrah Tenner. 

Nellie Lane. Hannah Vanhart. 

.\nnie Lang. Sarah A. Wakinuiri. 

Arietta Lewis. Anna E. Walker. 

Mary E. Lupton. Ellen Walton. 
Amanda Mason. 

Department Otficers : Mrs. Anna E. Grubb, depart- 
ment president; Mrs. Laura McNeir, department 
secretary. 

Past Presidents: Mrs. Sarah D. Hugg, Mrs. 
Mattie B. Garrison. 

The League meets every Tuesdav evening 
in (irand Army Hall, Stevens Street, below 
Fifth Street. 

William P. Roheson Po.st, No. 51, of 
Gamden (the first post in New Jersey com- 
posed of colored soldiers), was instituted and 
organized June 28, 1881, with twenty-five 
charter members. 

The following is a complete roster of the 
Post at this date (1886) : Past Commanders, 
W. S. Darr and W. A. Drake ; Post Com- 
mander, Miles Bishop ; Senior Vice, Chas. 
Jones ; Junior Vice, Ezekiel Jones ; Surgeon, 
George Lodine; Chaplain, August Westcott ; 
Adjutant, Charles Accoo ; C)fficerof the Day, 
Anthony Austin ; Officer of the Guard, George 
Bishop ; Quartermaster, John C. Richard- 



•176 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



son ; Quartermaster-Sergeant, Joseph Rice ; 
Sergeant-Major, George H. Watson. The 
other members are Jas. Wiltbanks, Nathaniel 
Ingram, Wm. Ingram, Wm. INI. Butts, Wm. 
Smith, Hezekiah Wreneh, Benj. Stewart, 
Elijah Hammitt, Chas. Barnes, Shepiierd 
Pitts, C'has. AVoolford, Elijah l^ipiiiger, 
Thomas Ryan, George F. Johnson, Charles 
Ford. 

The Post meets in Lee's Hall, corner of 
Broadway and Atlantic Avenue. 

Generai, Wieijam p. Robeson, Jr., 
enlisted early in 1861, and was enrolled with 
the first brigade of three years' troops which 
left the State of New Jersey. On May 28, 
1861, he was commissioned first lieutenant 
of Company K., Third Regiment, New Jersey 
Volunteers, General Kearny's First Brigade. 
He was promoted to captain of the same 
company August 13, 186"2. Wiiile with the 
Third Regiment he participated in the fol- 
lowing engagements : 

First Bull Run, Va., July 21, 18(>1 ; Muiison's 
Hill, Va., August 31, 1801 ; West Point, Va., May 
.7, 1862 ; Gaines' Farm, Va., June 27, 1862 ; Charles 
City Cross-Roads, Va., June 30, 18(i2 ; Malvern 
Hill, Va., July 1, 1862; Manassas, Va., August 
27, 1862; Chantilly, Va., September 1, 1862; 
Crampton's Hill, Md., 8e|)teniber 14, 1862; Anlie- 
tam, Md., .September 17, 1862 ; Fredericksburg, 
Va., December 13 and 14, 1862 ; Second Fred- 
ericksburg, Va., May 3, 1863 ; Salem Heights, Va., 
May 3 and 4, 1863 ; Gettysburg, Pa., July 2 and 3, 
1863 ; Fairfield, Pa., July 5, 1863 ; Witliamspdrt, 
Md., July 6, 1863 ; Fuuktown, Md., July 12, 1863 ; 
Rapi>ahannock Station, Va., October 12, 1863; 
Rappahannock Station, Va., November 7, 1863 ; 
Mine Run, Va., November 30, 1863. 

After the last-named battle he was pro- 
moted and corami.ssioned as niajor n{' I lie 
Third New Jersey Cavalry, on nccenil)er ■_*8, 
1863. He was promoted to lieuteuanl- 
colonel of the regiment September 23, 18(il, 
and as colonel August 4, 1865, and received 
a eommi.ssion as brevet brigadier-general, 
dating back to April I, 1865, for gallant and 
meritorious .services in the battles of Five 
Forks and South Side Ilailroad, Va. He re- 



turned to his home in Camden after the war, 
and became a member of William B. Hatch 
Post, No. 37, G. A. R. He died August 18, 
1881, and was buried at Belvidere, New 
Jersey. 

John Wili.ian Post, No. 71, of Glou- 
cester, was chartered November 8, 1882, with 
the following-named comrades : 
Charles F. Lindsay. Samuel English. 

William Butler. Aden W. Powell. 

Thomas Black. James JI. Chapman. 

Richard R. Allen. John Harri.sou. 

J(din E. Jlillcr. William M. Lanagan. 

Frederick Tyas. Benj, F. Upham. 

.John Kochersperger. Lewis H. Riley. 
John Lincoln. Wm. (!, Hawkins. 

Klwood Fisher. .lohn Dayton. 

Walter W. Larkins. Stewart Harkins. 

William .\. (kahili. John M. Rapp. 

William Green. Joseph Cheeseman. 

Archibald Wallace. .lames Stitson. 

John O. Hines. Franklin Adams. 

The officers were, — Commander, Wm. 
Lanagan ; S. V. C, Stewart Hawkins ; J. 
V. C, John Harrison ; Adjutant, John O. 
Hines, Surgeon, R. R. Allen ; Chaplain, 
Elvvood Fi.sher ; Q.-M., John Kocher- 
sperger ; O. of D., James. M. Chapman ; 
O. of G., Lewis H. Riley; Q.-M.-S., B. F. 
Upham. The Past ( "ommandcrs have been 
Wm. N. Lanagan, Wm. C. Hawkins, 
Archibald Wallace, Walter W. Ijarkin and 
the corps of officers for 188(i : C., K. R. Al- 
len ; S. V. C., Frederick Tyas ; J. V. C., 
Merrick C^ai-r ; A., Charles M. McCracken ; 
Q.-M., B. F. Upham; Chaplain, Samuel 
Barwis ; Surgeon, Wm. C. Hawkins; O. of 
I)., Lewis H. Riley. This Post has twenty- 
two members. It was named after Brevet- 
General .lolm W'illian, who enlisted as 
seeiiiid liculenant in the Sixtii New Jersey 
Volnntcers in l.S(;i,and was [)ri>motc(l for 
meritorious .service. 

\'an Leer Post, No. 3(i, of (Jlouces- 
ter, was organized November 13, 1880, by 
Department Commander Samuel Hufly. 
The original officers were: P. C., John P. 
Booth ;' S. V. C, John W. \\rigiit ; J. V. 



THE WAR FOE TflE UNION. 



C, Frank W. Pike ; O. of D., Akxaiidur 
Hai-vf'v ; Q. M., William C. Hawkins ; 
Adjt., Benjamin Sands; O. of G., John 
McCormick. Tiie Past Commanders have 
been Joim P. Booth, John W. Wrigiit, 
Alexander Harvey, I^awrence Niitt, John 
Graham, William Miller. The officers for 
1886 are: C, Charles H. Barnard ; S. V. 
C, James Cooney ; J. V. C, James McCaf- 
ferty ; Adjt., Benjamin Sands; C^. M., Wm. 
Miller; (). of IX, William Gideon ; U. ofG., 
Alexander Fergasoii ; Chaplain, John Berg- 
man ; Snrgeou, Christopher Ottinger. 

The Post was named after Colonel Joim 
P. Van Leer, who was first lieutenant of a 
company of three months' men, enrolled in 
Gloucester three days after Fort Sumter was 
fired- on, and on returning he was made ma- 
jor of the Sixth Regiment of the three years' 
men, promoted lieutenant-colonel, and his 
commission as colonel was on its way to him 
when he was killed at Williamsburg. Geo. 
E. Wilson, of Camden, is an honorary mem- 
ber of this Po.st. He was captain in the com- 
pany with John P. Van I^eer, and was, like 
his comrade, consj)icuons for his bravery. 
Quite a number of the comrades of Van 
Leer Post rose from the ranks to positions of 
trust. 

Thomas H. Davis Post, No. 53, of 
Haddonfield, received a charter July 16, 
1882, and was organized a few days later, 
with twenty members, at Clement Hall, in 
tiiat township. In the summer of 1884 the 
Post purchased the Hillman School building 
on Chestnut Street, and fitted it for a hall, 
and in November of that year occupied it as 
their place of meeting. 

The officers at organization were, — 

p. C, Henry D. Moore ; S. V. C, Richard E. 
Elwell; J. V. C, Henry McConnell ; Adjutunt, 
William F. Milliman ; (iiiartermsister, Walter 
Wayne ; Officer of Day, Peter K. Eldridge; Officer 
of Guard, J. Collins Baker ; Surgeon, James P. 
Young; Chaplain, R. W. Budd. 

The Post Commanders who have served to 

•J3 



the present time have been H.D. Moore, R. E. 
p]lwell and .lames M. Latimer. The mem- 
bership is about fifty, and the present officers 
are, — 

P. C, W. H. Oakley ; S. V. C. R. Wilkin.s Budd ; 
J. V. C, J. O. Lee; Adjutant, R. E. Elwell ; tiuarler- 
uiaster, (tilbert L. Day; Officer of Day, Richard 
Plum; Officer of Guard, Patrick Plaughey ; Chap- 
lain, Samuel A. Bates; Surgeon, .Joseph P. Busha; 
(iuariermaster-Sergeant, Alired Anderson. 

The biography and [)cirirail of ('oloncl 
Thomas H. Davis, after whom this Post was 
named, will be found in the history of the 
\\'ar titr the Union. 



Coiiiradt 



Jacob Asay. 
Miles Bates. 
Robert Bales, 
.r. C. Baker. 
George H. Backley. 
.T. G. Bowker. 
John William Boyd. 
Josejdi Buzljy. 
Richard Baxter. 
Rest<jrc Crispin. 
H. C. Cuthbert. 
William Cobb. 
Henry Day. 
John Dowdrick. 
William H. Fowler. 
Josiah Fowler. 
Hiram Fish. 
.Jacob Gehring. 
George Harley. 
J. K. Haines. 
Alfred Hall. 
Thomas Caldwell. 
William R. Jones. 



James M. Latimer. 
Henry D. Moore. 
Jacob R. Jliller. 
Davis Marshall. 
Thoiiuis McManns. 
Edward F. Magill. 
G. Norton. 
(JeorgeM. Newkirk. 
Isaiah Kellum. 
Joel S. Perkins. 
William Pittiuger. 
W'illiam F. Millinum. 
•lohn B. Rumt'ord. 
Lewis Ivistine. 
Julius Smith. 
Charles H. Smith. 
J. R. Stevenson. 
George Sloan. 
0. B. Tiffimy. 
Walter Wayne. 
William Wagner. 
David D. Winner. 



The Sons of Veterans is a .society com- 
posed of descendants of soldiers of the late 
war. C^amp No. 1, Sons of Veterans, of 
Camden, was organized with nineteen mem- 
bers, December 21, 1881, by Comrade Rob- 
ert Crawford, first colonel of the New Jersey 
Division. The object of the association is 
to keep ever fresh and green the memory of 
their fathers' sacrifice in the battles of the 
Civil War. 

The following is a complete roster of the 
officers and members at this date (1886) : 



178 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Captain, Stacy Nevins ; First Lieutenant, 
Samuel Galiaii ; Second Lieutenant, E. E. Kiger ; 
Quartermaster, L. S. Jackson ; Ctiaplain, Albert 
Wolf; Orderly-Sergeant, Wui. Latt'erty ; Color- 
Sergeant, George Nevins ; Sergeant of Guard, A. 
R. Dease ; Corporal of Guard, F. Fernandes ; 
Camp Guard, Harry Siberlist. 

Members. 
William D. Brown. E. E. Jefferics. 

E. H. Bates. C. W. Jones. 

John C. Cooper. C. R. McAdams, 

Howard Cooper. James Myers. 

Robert Crawford. A. PJiel. 

Frederick Fenner. (xeorge Reigens. 

H. Horton. Wm. Sheridan. 

Cliarles Walton, Jr. 

The Camp hold their meetings in G. A. 
K. Hall of Colonel William B. Hatch Post. 

Sixth Rkgiment, National Guards. — 
In 1869 there were but two military com- 
panies connected with the State militia, one 
in the city of Camden and one in Burlington. 
By an act of the Legislature, approved in 
March, 1869, the old militia system of the 
State was abolished and a new law passeil 
organizing the National Guard. By an or- 
der from headquarters the two companies 
mentioned were constituted the Fifth Battal- 
ion of the Third Brigaile of the National 
Guard of the State of New Jersey, and E. (}. 
Jackson was commissioned as major and as- 
sumed command of the battalion. In 1870 
three additional companies were immediately 
formed and added to the ortrauizatiou, thus 
constituting it a full battalion, and the fol- 
lowing staff officers were appointed : Adju- 
tant, Solon R. Haidxinson ; Paymaster, Wil- 
liam B. Sexton ; (:iuarterniaster, Jacob Hill ; 
Surgeon, H. Genet Taylor, M.D. ; Assistant- 
Surgeon, J. Orlando White, M.D. ; and Chap- 
lain, Rev. William H. Jefferys. Adjutant 
Ilankinson resigned, and in January, 1870, 
Daniel B. Murphy was connuissioncd first 
lieutenant and adjutant of the battalion. 

In August, 1870, another company was 
organized at Atlantic City and added to the 
battalion, thus creating a necessity for a reg- 
imental organization, and, accordingly, the 



Sixth Regiment was organized, and Colonel 
James M. Scovel, Lieutenant-Colonel Wil- 
liam H. Hemsing and Major Richard H. Lee 
were elected field officers. The command- 
ants of the regiment have been Colonel Wil- 
liam J. Sewell, elected 1873, and Colonel E. 
Burd Grubb, 1877. The field officers elected 
in 1882 were: Colonel, William H. Cooper; 
Lieutenant-Colonel, J. C. Lee ; and Major, 
G. W. Smith. The regiment was called out 
in August, 1877, to suppress the labor riots 
at Phillip.sburg, N. J., and continued on duty 
seventeen days. Company K, of Vineland, 
became a part of this regiment March 14, 
187(5, and Company E, of Woodbury, March 
•22, 1880. 

The headquarters of the regiujcnt is the 
Sixth Regiment jVrmory, corner of West 
Street and Mickle, formerly the opera-house 
of Camden, which was bought by the regi- 
ment June 9, 1883, and for which they paid 
thirty-five thousand dollars. All of the 
apartments of the armory arc complete, neat- 
ly arranged and handsomely furnished. The 
field and start" officers a])pointed when the 
regiment was first formeil, in 1.S70, were as 
follows : 

Field Officers. — Colonel, James M. Scovel ; Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel, William H. Hemsing ; Major, 
Richard H. Lee. 

Staff Officers. — .\djutant, Daniel B. Murphy ; 
Quartermaster, William M. P.dmer; Paymaster, 
William B. Sexton ; Surgeon, H. Genet Taylor, 
M.D.; Assistant Surgeon, J. (Jrlando White, M.D.; 
Chaplain, Rev. William H. Jefferys. 

The field and start' orticers for 188(j are, — 
Ficlil Officers. — Colonel, William H. Cooper ; 
Lieutenant-Colonel, George W. Smith ; Major, Wil- 
liam H. Stansbury. 

(S'/(f//' Officers. — Adjutant, George S. Counter ; 
Quartermaster, (Jeorge G. Felton ; Paymaster, Na- 
than Haines ; Surgeon, E. L. B. Godfrey, M.D.; 
Assistant Surgeon, George T. Robinson, M.D.; 
Chai>lain, Clarence A. Adams ; Judge Advocate, 
Franklin C. Woolman ; Rifle-Practice Inspector, 
De Lancey G. Walker. 

The line ollicers of the three comj)anies of 
Camden are, — 



THE ERECTION OF CAMDEN COUNTY. 



179 



Cnmpany B. — Captain, Robert M. Hillmaii ; 
First Lieutenant, Jesse H.Carey; Second Lieu- 
tenant, William P. Mockett. 

Company C.~Qa.\ita.m,\\. B. E. Miller; First 
Lieutenant, Charles C. Walz ; Second Lieuten- 
ant, John Miller. 

Company D. — Captain, Charles S. Barnard ; First 
Lieutenant, George C. Randall ; Second Lieuten- 
ant, Charles H. Turner. 

CiATLiNG Gttn CoMrANY B, of Caniden, 
wa.sorganizetl in LSTS under tlie now law pro- 
viding!; for the organization of two (;onij)anips 
of infantry to be drilled in the use of Gatling 
guns. C-aptain E. D. French was the prime 
mover in its organization and the first com- 
mandant. The membership was recruited 
principally from old Battery B. The artil- 
lery uniform was worn, and in addition to 
the Gatlings, the comjiany was ai-med with 
rifles and sabres. 

John H. Piatt was elected first lieutenant 
on .Inlv 24, 1879, and tiie first conspicuous 
public^ display made by the new company 
was at Grant's rece|)tion in Philadel])hia, 
December IG, 1879. In 1880 the com])any 
])artici])ated in the State G. A. R. encamj)- 
ment at Bonaparte Park, Bordentown, and 
took a prominent part in the sham battle with 
their Gatling guns. Captain French resigned 
on Ai)ril 17, 1880, and Mr. Piatt was elected 
captain and John J. Brown first lieutenant, 
Cieorgo G. Randall having been elected sec- 
ond lieutenant on January 18th. Mr. Ran- 
dall resigned in June, 188], and Charles 
Siiivers, Jr., was elected to his position Oc- 
tober i;3th. Two weeks after this the com- 
])auy turned out in the Bi-Ceutenuial mili- 
tary ]>arade with its Gatlings. 

This command is attached to the Second 
Brigade under General William J. Scwell as 
the brigade commander. In September, 
1883, Lieutenant Brown resigned and on 
October l.st. Captain Piatt and Ijieutenant 
Shivers also resigned. Lieutenant-Colonel 
D. B. Murphy was placed in command until 
December 28, 1883, when its present efficient 
commandant. Captain Robert R. Kckeudorf, 



was elected. The company was then recruit- 
ed up to the legal standard. 

Gattliug Gun Company J> o<'cnpies quar- 
ters in the new armory adjoining the G'un- 
den Battalion. 

The following are its officers and mem- 
bers: Captain, R. R. Eckcndorf; Fii-st 
I.iieutenant, John R. Jones ; SecHjnd Lieu- 
tenant, G. Walter Garton ; First Sergeant, 
Owen B. Jones; Se(^o.nd Sergeant, James 
Duffy; Third Sergeant, Harry M. Dey ; 
Fourth Sergeant, Harry Nichuals ; Fifth 
Sergeant, Samuel Grovier ; First Corpoi'al, 
Louis B. Harris ; Second Corj)oral, Harry 
Tobin ; Third Corporal, Ulie J. Lee ; Musi- 
cians, David Mead, Charles Mead ; Privates, 
Charles M. Baldwin, Harry F. Cami)bell, 
Alonzo W. Powers, John J. Chambers, Wil- 
liam Grover, David Ewan, Earnest Haines, 
Leander Hyatt, George H. Beard, Thomas 
F. Miugen, Samuel C. Grover, John Mul- 
holland, Harry G. Rathgeb, Charles Enger, 
Jacob Haines, Edwin Hillman, Webster Mc- 
Clellau, Charles A. Fowler, James J. Duffy, 
Charles H. Jefferies, Frederick W. Kalt, 
Harry D. Nichuals, William Lawler, Dal- 
gren Albertsou, George Middleton, John E. 
Shannon, John Nixon, George H. Snowhill, 
William H. Adams, J. R. Smyth, Raljili 
Bond, Archie S. Royal, G. Parker Johnson, 
Frank Smith, D. Harry CV)ndit, M. A. Cole, 
Frank T. Hayes, Charles P. Householder, 
Samuel Donaldson. 



CHAPTER XL 

THE ERECTION OF CASfDEN ('OfNTY. 

The first official meeting of citizens in the 
county of Glouee.ster having for its object 
the division of that county was held at the 
house of John M. John.son, in the city of 
C-amden, on the 16th day of l<'ebruary, 1837. 
The object of this meeting was to consider 
the propriety of petitioning the Ijcgislafure 



180 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



to autliorize the erection of a new county to be 
composed of the townships of Waterford, 
Camden, Newton, Union and Gloucester and 
to be called " Delaware." The deliberations 
of this meeting did not result in anything 
effectual, but that agitation on the subject for 
which it met was kept up, is evident from 
the decided stand shown in the resolutions 
passed at a similar meeting held seven years 
later, on the 11th day of January, 1844, at 
the Friend.s' school-house in Haddonfield, 
where a large number of the citizens con- 
vened in re,sponse to a notice. John Clement, 
Sr., was chosen chairman at this meeting 
and Thomas Redman, Jr., secretary. Rich- 
ard W. Snowden, Jacob L. Rowand, and 
David Roc were appointed a committee to 
draft a series of resolutions, which were 
adopted and read as follows : 

"Resolved, that in the opinion of this meeting 
the contemplated division of the county is alto- 
gether useless and unnecessary and would be 
highly oppressive, subjecting the inhabitants to a 
heavy taxation on the one hand without any bene- 
ficial advantages on the other, the county being at 
present of a convenient size and form and the 
public building.s ah'eady erected and in the centre 
of population adequate to public accommodation." 

The meeting, in another resolution, recom- 
mended a county (invention to be held at 
the Woodbury court-house on January 22, 
1844. Notice was given to that effect and a 
convention was held on the day appointed, 
John Clement, Sr., of Haddonfield, jiresid- 
ing. A .series of resolutions and a memorial 
deprecating the division were jire.sented and 
adopted and a iiuimIxt of persons were np- 
poiuted to attend the Legislature at Trenton 
to present and support them. 

The movement for a division liad its friends, 
who were not meinliers of the convention 
held, and wiio were endeavoring to aecom- 
])lisii th(; end desired. A bill was presented 
to the Legislature, asking for the division of 
(jloucester County by the erection of the 
townships of Ciiinden, Waterford, Newton, 
L^nion, Delaware, Gloucester and Washing- 



ton into a county to l)e called " Camden." On 
the tJth of March, 1844, seventeen petitions 
signed by three hundred and forty-two per- 
sons and twenty remonstrances, signed by 
one thoiLsaud four hundred and si.xty-seven 
persons, were presented, but the bill finally 
passed both Houses and was approved by the 
Governor March 13, 1844, and Camden 
County took its place with the counties of 
the State of New Jersey. In November, 

1845, an effbrt was made, without succe.«s, to 
return the townships of ^Yashington and 
Gloncester to Gloucester County. Later, 
however, Wa.shington (then including the 
present township of Monroe) was returned 
to Gloucester County. In December of the 
year 1845 an ineffectual attempt was made 
to re-annex all of Camden County, except the 
township of Camden and part of Delaware, 
to Gloucester County, and in September, 

1846, to erect the townships of Franklin, 
Washington, (xlouccstcr and Winslow into 
a county to be called "Washington." It 
will thus be seen that the erection of the 
new county of Camden caused considerable 
agitation and discussion. 

The public buildings of the county at 
Glou(«ster (now Gloucester City), having 
been destroyed by fire, an election was had 
and the seat of justice was removed to 
Woodbury in 1787. Pnblit^ buildings erec- ' 
ted at Woodbury, wliich, about 1819-20, 
having l)ccome somewhat dilapidated, the 
question of a change of location of the 
county-seat to (iloucester again was agi- 
tated among the ])copie. Meetings were 
held in tiie townshi|)s and in Woodbury 
at different times. \ petition was pre- 
sented to tin: Fjcgislaturc having this 
change in view, whereupon a large meeting 
of citi/cMs convened at Woodbury January 
17, 1.S20, at wiiicli remonstrances signed by 
over one. thousand si.\ hundred persons were 
read, and James Matlack, Joseph V. Clark, 
Joseph Rogers, I.saac Pine and John AT. 
Wiiite were chosen to visit the Legislature, 



THE ERECTION OF CAMDEN COUNTY. 



181 



present remonstrances and take measures to 
prevent the piussage of tiie hill. An influence 
was brought to bear upon the projectors of 
tlie bill and they asked permission to with- 
draw theirpetition, which was granted, the agi- 
tation ce;used, two buildings for county offices 
were erected at Woodbury, and necessary 
repairs made upon court-house and jail. Had 
this change of county-seat then been made it 
is probable Camden County would nut have 
been erected. 

The act under which the county of Cam- 
den was formed provided that after one year 
from date of erec^tion the locati(jn of county 
buildings shoidd be decided by a vote of 
qualified electors in the county at such time 
and places as the Board of Freeholders should 
appoint. In accordance with this act, the 
freeholders, on April 7, 1845, set apart 
August 12, 1845, as the day of election. 
Prior to that time a county meeting was 
held at White Horse Tavern, in Glouces- 
ter township, for the purpose of selecting 
and agreting upon some town most suitable 
in whii'h to erect the public buildings. 
Richard Stafford was chosen president of 
the meeting; Evan C. Smith, of Delaware, 
Richard Thomas, of Camden, Richard W. 
Snowden, of Newton, Joshua Peacock, of 
Waterford, Joseph Bndd, of Union, John 
Albertson, of Winslow, John North, of 
Gloucester, and Joel Steelman, of Washing- 
ton, vice-presidents; Jacob L. Rowand and 
James D. Dotterer, secretaries. In accor- 
ilance with a resolution, five persons were 
chosen from each township as a committee 
aii<l each t(nvnship to east one vote. This 
joint committee was empowered to select 
the most desirable town for the location of 
the proposed buildings. 'Hie result of the 
vote was nineteen for Haddonfield, ten for 
Long-a-coming, and fewer votes for certain 
other places. The meeting adjourned to 
July 31st, of which meeting no account has 
been obtained. 

CoiNTV Bt'ildinos. — The act establish- 



ing the county pruvidrd (hat the courts of 
the coiuity should be held at Woodi)ury for a 
year, and that a seat of justice should be 
chosen by a vote of the peo])le on t\w 12th 
of August, 184"), and re(|uire(l a majority 
of the total vote to establish the site. The 
election was held with this result: Camden, 
1062; (Jloucester, 822; Haddonfield, 422; 
]\Iount K|)hraim, .3.3. There was no choice, 
and then began a series of contests in the 
Board of Chosen Freeholders almost witiiout 
parallel in the history of municipal bodies, 
extending over a period of seven years, and 
i-equiring the assistance of four elections by 
the people, two legislative bodies and three 
courts to bring it to a final result. There 
were seven townships and one city, each with 
two rej)resentatives in the board. December 
2, 1845, the board a])i)ointed Joseph Kay, 
Joseph Porter and C'lnrles Kaighn a com- 
mittee to obtain an act of the Ijegislature 
to autiiorize the holding of another election. 
'I'his was done and the act called for two elec- 
tions, at the first of which a majority was 
requisite, and, that failing, at the second a 
plurality would suffice. 

The first was held April 28, 184(J, with 
the following vote : Camden, 963 ; Mount 
Fphraim, 427; White Horse, 330; Chews 
Ivanding, 93 ; Haddonfield, 46. Thescatter- 
ing vote was sufficient to exceed C'amden's 
lead, and there being no choice, the second 
election was held June? 2d, with this result: 
Camden, 1434 ; Long-a-Coming, 1498. This, 
it was thought, would settle the controversy, 
but Abraham Browning and Captain John 
W. Mickle were mendiers of the board, 
while Thomas H. Dudley was clerk, and 
they were fertile in expedients. The board 
met at Long-a-Coming, .lunc 15th, and at 
once took steps to provide the necessars imild- 
ings at that place. A committee was ap- 
pointed, and at once reported ])lans for build- 
ings, and a site on lands of Jacob licac^h. 
The plans were, — a court-house of stone, 
forty-five by sixty-five feet, with offices on 



182 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY, 



the first floor and court-room ou the second 
floor; the jail, also of" stone, forty-two l>y 
forty-five feet, with five apartments or cells. 
The cost of both estimated at seventeen 
thousand dollars. 

As they were about to adopt the plans and 
advertise for proposals, a writ of critiorari 
was served answerable to the Sujirenie Court. 
The decision of the court favored Long-a- 
Comiug, hut the proceedings caused delay, 
and it was March 8, 1847, before further 
action was taken. At that meeting, held at 
Long-a-C-oming, a committee had been ap- 
pointed with instructions to purchase the 
Leach property, and to advertise for propo- 
sals for the construction of the buildings ()n 
the plans already adopted, when a prelimi- 
nary injunction, from the chancellor, issued 
at the instance of Richard Fetters and I'r. 
Isaac S. Mulford, was served. The nuijorily 
appointed a committee to inquire into frauds 
at the elections and to sue for damages, the 
authors of the vexatious suits ; but as the 
injunction was dissolved, no further steps 
were taken in that direction. Frequent 
meetings were held in out-of-the-way places: 
Ellisburg, Chews Landing, Cross Keys and 
Blue Anchor, but seldom at Camden. 
Another meeting was held at Long-a-Coming 
February 12, 1848, when bids for the erec- 
tion of the buildings at that place were open- 
ed as follows: Rush, §17,540 ; Joseph H. 
Collins, 110,500; John K. Inskeep, $13,500 
and the latter ac<'eptcd. It seemed inevitable 
that I jiing-a-Coming would become the county- 
sciit, but the alert friends of Camden had 
procured an act from the Legislature calling 
for another election by the people, cuntain- 
ing this clause : 

" Tluit if at siii-li ("liM'tii)n, no oiu' City, Villasje 
or Cro.s.s-roa<ls shall have a majoiity of all the 
votes polled, thou L(iiii;-a-Ceiniiig shall bo the 
seat ofjiislico." 

The editor of the HV.s/ Jrrsei/ 3/-?//, I'liilip 
J. Grey, Ks(]., visited liie town of Long-a- 
Coniing with the Roard of Freeholders, and 



in the next issue of his paper said: "Our 
trip to Long-a-Coming on Monday, under 
the favorable auspices of pleasant weather, 
good roads and agreeable company, was not 
' bad to take,' notwithstanding when we got 
back in the evening we found a resting-place 
quite as acceptable. This may be called the 
sunny side of the picture, not to be looked 
upon in a trip during either the November 
or February term of the court. Indeed, we 
cannot but think that our fine little county 
has been ' knocked into a cocked hat ' by 
this extraordinary freak of the popular will, 
the bitterest fruits of which are yet to be 
tasted." 

The election was ordered for April 11th, 
and the result was thus tabulated and re- 
jxirted to the board by Comity C'lerk Thom- 
as R. Wooil, at the meeting held May 

loth,— 

For Cani.lcii, naiidoiifii.-ld. Long-a-Coniing. 

Camden.NoithWanl, 144 5 6 

Mid.llo " G7H (J 8 

" South " 442 1(1 

Delaware Township, 1911 IS.") S 

Monroe " ]8i» 149 3 

Gloucester " 102 104 137 

Washington " SO 8 143 

Waterford " 41 (i3 172 

Winslow " 50 17 233 

Newton " 0') 242 



Abraham Browning offered a resolution to 
ap])oint a committee to " select a site in the 
City of Camden," but it was voted down, and, 
instead, one was appoin'ed to investigate 
frauds. This committee had a baffling expe- 
rience. July 7th they reported that their 
counsel, James R. Dayton, advised them to 
go to the Legislature for redress, and, March 
Ht, 1849, they reported that the Jjcgislature 
advi.sed them to .seek redress in the Supreme 
Court ; and again, December 3d, they ad- 
vised "that th(> inhabitants of Camden Coun- 
ty petition the Legislature to select a site for 
the |)ulilic buildings, in some suitable place, 
at least five miles from the citv of Canideu." 



THE ERECTION OF CAMDEN COUNTY. 



183 



The majority re.solveil, if possible, to pre- 
vent the location of the public buiUliiigs iu 
Caniden, and nothing definite was done until 
^lay 14, 1851, when Abraham Browning's 
oft-repeated motion to " appoint a eonunittee 
to select a siiitjible site in Camden" was voted 
down by the usual majority, — yeas, five; nays, 
eleven, —whereupon Sherifi' Garrett served a 
writ of alternate mandamus, requiring them 
to show cause why they did uot provide build- 
ings for the use of the county, and iu Cam- 
den, as directeil by the election of 1848. 
They answered the w'rit of the Supreme 
Court by an adjournment. Meetings were 
held, but nothing was done in this matter 
until December 1st, when Abraham Brown- 
ing's motion was bucked by a percmptDry 
mandamus and was adopted. This ended 
the long struggle, with the exception of the 
eti'ort of John W. Mickle to locate the 
court-house at the Woodlands, instead of 
Sixth Street and Market, and the work of 
providing the necessary buildings went on. 

First Court-House. — At the meeting of 
May 3, 1852, plans prepared by Samuel Sloan 
were adopted, and, May 12th, proposals 
for the construction of the building were 
opened. They were: Charles Wilson, §-35,- 
(100; Roberts & Reeves, $2(j, 950 ; Daniel A. 
Hall, §26,800. The latter was acetpted, with 
Henry Allen, Samuel D. Elfrcth and Joseph 
Weatherly as bondsmen. 

A plot of ground one hundred and ninety- 
eight feet on Market, one hunilreil antl eleven 
feet on Fetleral, three hundred and fifty- 
eight feet on Sixth Street and four hundred 
and twenty-five on Broadway was purchased 
of Abigail Cooper, for five thousand dollars, 
and the building located mi(hvay between 
]\[arket ' and Federal, so that neither ferry 
should reap undue advantage. Abraham 
Browning, Samuel Norero.ss, John Wilkins, 
John J. Githens, Joseph B. Tatem, Cooper 
P. Browning, Benjamin Horner and Edmond 
Brewer were the building committee, and, 
March 19, 1855, they reported, " Little re- 



mains to be done excef)t the planting of trees 
in and around the yard, and the j)aving of 
the walks from the strett.s to the building, 
the bricks for that purpo.se being on the 
ground." 

The final statement of tiieir operations was 
very full and clear, and gives the cost of tlii^ 
building complete at .§U),970.79, leaving cash 
iu their hands .^187.0."). The building, 
however, was com[)leteil many months be- 
fore the first court was held iu it, being tlie 
October Term, 185."), and the first csise tried 
in it was that of William Hope, the famous 
ferryman, charged wilh assault and battery, 
and iu which Thomas H. Dudley appeared 
for the State, having been deputized to act 
as prosecutor of the pleas. 

The building is of iirick, rough-cast, fifty 
by one huudi'ed and five feet in length and 
width. The first design included a dome, 
but this was omitted in the building. The 
jail, containing twelve cells, is in the basement, 
below the level of the streets. The county 
officers were on the first floor, the only ones 
remaining being the .sheriff and county 
collector. The court-rooms are on the 
second floor, while the third floor comprised 
apartments for the sherifl" and family, who 
formerly resided in the court-house. Here, 
also, is the celebrated iron cage, in which 
alleged murderers are safely kept, before and 
after trial. 

The New Coriir-HousE. — The want of 
more jail room led to the erection, in 1875, 
of the one-story, fire-proof, brick building 
on Market Street, at a cost of .'seventeen 
thou.saud dollars, and its u.se by the county 
clerk, surrogate and register of deeds. 

The unhealthy location of the jail and its 
crowded condition caused jti'otests and com- 
plaints, and the project of a work-house out- 
side the city was agitated. John H. Jone.s, 
while a member of the Board of Freeholders, 
gave the subject earnest attention. Nothing 
W'as done, however, until 1878. 

The board, in 1881, considered the ques- 



184 



HISTORY OF CA:\rDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



tion of a work-house, but finally deci- 
ded to build a commodious jail, with all 
iiioderu improvements, on Federal Street. 
Architect Gendell, of Philadelphia, j)repared 
the plans, which embraced a grou]) of sand- 
stone buildings, prison, court-house and 
county offices, covering the entire plot of 
ground owned by the county ; the several 



completition when there was a change in the 
Board of Chosen Freeholders, and with it a 
change of plans. It was determined to 
change the jail, upon which ninety thousand 
dollars had been s])ent, and make of it a 
court-house. Ruilolph U. Birdsell, James 
Davis, Charles F. Adams, Wm. C. Clark, and 
Samuel Wood were ajipointed the building 



parts to be erected in detail as the demand committee, and thirty thousand dollars were 
arose ; and as a jail was an immediate neces- ap|)ropriated for the purpose. The altera- 
sity, that was to be built by a tax levy of tious were maile and the first court was held 

there in May, 1885. The final re- 
port of the committee was made May, 
18S(), and the entire cost of the build- 
ing was found to be §129,7(32.18. 

The design is to convert the old 
court house into a jail. 

TiiK County Ai.MsuotsE. — The 
first mention found on record relating 
to the care of the poor of (ilouccster 
('iiuntv is in the minutes of the pro- 
ceedings of the justices and freehold- 
ers, June 10,1765, when Wm. Hugg 
and Samuel Harrison were allowed 
i.'()2 Ki.s. 2'?. for repairs to the house. 
In 1770 repairs were ordered, but no 
iiiontion is made of the location and 
cliaracter of the building. In 1799 
Samuel Cooper, James Hopkins and 
James Stratton were directed to look 
alter a site, but failing to report, the 
l)oard of Freeholders, in August, 
i SOO, apjwinted Samuel Cooper, Jas. 
Hurley, John Hider, Samuel W. 
Harrison, Amos Cooj)er, Wm. Ford, 
Jas. Stratton, John Collins, Richard 
Wostcott and Elias Smith a com- 
mittee to purchase a site. The committee se- 
lected iwv. iinndred and twenty-five acres of 
land on the south side of Timber Creek, in 
Deplfonl township, belonging to Michael 
Fisher. The consideration was $;53;53 33i 
and the deed conveying the land to the Board 
of Chosen Freeholders of Gloucester Cdunty 
was dated December 12, 1800. 

A building committee was appointed, — 




forty tiiousatid dnilars for two years, tlu' 
estimated cost being eighty thou.sand dollars. 
In May, 1882, the first levy of forty thou- 
.sand dollars was made, and Fdwanl S. King, 
John Day, Morris Hallock, Joseph L. 
Thackara and Thomas McDowell were con- 
stituted the building committee. In 1883 
the second levy of forty thousand dollars 
was made and the building was ap|)roacliing 




(7 



THE ERECTION OF CAMDEN COUNTY. 



185 



S.imiiel trooper, Jaeob Stokes, John Brick, 
Aiujs C'.)c)per, Saniuel P. Paul, Eaoeh Allen, 
EqocIi Leeds, Tiiomas Somers, Elias Smith 
and Isaac Tomliiison, — who contracted with 
EJmuDd Brewer aud John C. Morgan to 
erect the aliushjuse for five thousand six 
hundred dollars. In 1812 the freeholders 
purchased two hundred aud forty-eight acres 
of woodland, near Willianistowu, for the 
purpose of .supplying the almshou.se with 
fuel. When coal wa.s substituted and no use 
of the woodland had been made for a number 
of years, the ownership was forgotten, until 
1882, when Timothy J. Middleton, theu 
clerk of the board, called attention to the 
fact. In 1822 the adjoining farm of Jedediah 
Morgan, about one hundred aud sixty acres, 
was purchased. The aluishou.se was enlarged 
from time to time as necessity demanded. 
The small building for the insane was built 
in 1816. 

Upon the erection of Camden County, in 
1844, the two counties used the almshouse 
jointly under direction of a joint committee 
until 1861, when, under an act of the Legis- 
lature, the property was sold, and the present 
farm of one hundred and forty-four acres, 
containing the buildings, together with the 
woodland, was bought by Camden County 
for §1 9,802. 

Timber Creek is the dividing line between 
the two counties, but an act of the Legislature 
rectified the line so as to place the almshouse 
farm in Camden County. 

A new almshouse was built in 1864, which 
was enlarged in 1877 and again in 1881. In 
the latter a hospital ward was erected sep- 
arate from the main building, and so thus 
arranged, the Camden County Almshouse is 
regarded as one of the most comj^lete in the 
State. The farm and buildings, including 
the Insane Asylum, are valued at ninety 
thousand dollars. In the fall of 1880 an 
epidemic of ty[)h()id fever broke out in the 
institution, decimating tiie ranks of the in- 
mates, including the steward, Isaac P. Wil- 



.son, who had filled the position from tli« date 
that Camden County first took .sole po.sses- 
sion. The stewards have been Isaac P. 
Wilson, 1861-81 ; Alfred Harris, 1881-86 ; 
and Charles F. Adams. The annual cost 
is about one thousand eight hundred dollars. 
The County In.sane A.sylum. — The 
County Insane Asylum was built in 1877, 
under the law giving counties an allowance 
for the care of its indigent insane. It stands 
north of the alrnshon.sc, on the county farm, 
is of brick, three stories high, with all the 
best modern appliances for the care of the in- 
.sane, in the protection and cure of whom the 
institution has been very successful. It has 
been enlarged and accommodates over ninety 
inmates. It is in charge of a matron, under 
the supervision of a committee of the Board 
of Freeholders. The net annual cost to the 
county for maintenance is about ten thou- 
sand dollars. The matrons have been : 1877- 
85, Adelaide Stiles; 1885, Jeunie Gardner; 
1886, Mary Nichols. 

Randal E. Morgan, whose life has 
been marked by great activity, both in pub- 
lic and private aifairs, was born November 
6, 1824, near Black wood town, which was 
named f >r one of his ancestors. He was a 
son of Randal W. aud Sarah (Eldridge) 
Morgan. The former was the descendant of 
one of three brothers, of Welsh origin, who 
came to America some time between 1660 
and 1670, one settling in New Jersey, one 
in Connecticut and the third in Virginia. 
Oiu' subject's mother was of an old family of 
Friends, and thus his ancestry in America 
has been upon both sides (piite ancient. 

Mr. Morgan's youth was s])eut upon the 
farm where he was born, and his early edu- 
cation received in the .schools of the neigh- 
borhood, though he subsequently attended a 
select school at Woodbury. As he grew to 
manhood his industrious habits and good 
character were recognized, and he was grad- 
ually raised into prominence by his fellow- 
citizens. In 1855 he was elected a free- 



186 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



holder, and at the same time held the offices 
of trustee of the almshouse and treasurer of the 
same institution. After holding various minor 
offices, he was elected treasurer of Camden 
County, upon the Republican ticket, in 1861 
(Washington township, the place of his resi- 
dence, then being a part of Camden County, 
though subsequently returned to Gloucester 
County). In 1864 he was re-elected, and 
held the office for another term of three 
years. During his six years' occupancy of 
this position of responsibility and trust, cov- 
ering the period of the Civil War, over two 
million dollars passed through his hands. 
At the same time he was a special collector 
in his township of moneys needed for war 
purposes, was on the committee to secure 
substitutes, had several pi'ivate estates to 
settle, and attended to his large personal bus- 
iness. In the fall of 1868 he was elected 
sheriff, and re-elected in 1869 and 1870. He 
did all of the work of the office, with the 
a-ssistance of his sons, and discharged the du- 
ties incumbent upon him with the same fidel- 
ity and promptness which had characterized 
his administration as Camden County's 
treasurer. In addition to the labor devolv- 
ing upon him in this office, he served frequently 
as deputy United States marshal, sometimes in 
quite important matters. In 1875 he was 
appointed by the Council as city treasurer, to 
fill the unexpired term caused by the death 
of Captain Hufty. Most of his time since 
1871, however, has been employed in exten- 
sive building operations, and he has erected 
in Camden about two hundred buildings, 
principally dwelling-houses. Of these he 
has sold the greater proportion. His ener- 
gies have also found exercise in various other 
occupations, and he has been constantly busy 
in some line of enterprise. His career forms 
a remarkable illustration of what industry 
and integrity may accomplish in private and 
public life. 

Mr. Morgan's religious affiliation is with 
the Presbyterian Church. He was chosen 



an elder in his home church when only thir- 
ty-one years old ; retained the office until 
coming to Camden, and is now a trustee of 
the First Presbyterian Church of that city. 

He has been twice married. His first wife, 
with whom he was united June 10, 1847, 
was Mary Josephine Willard. She died 
August 30, 1881, having been the mother of 
seven children, five of whom survived her. 
Tliese were Randal AV., Eli B., Mary E., 
Joseph Willard, Sallie (died in infancy), Ella 
(died in 1872, aged thirteen years) and Car- 
rie W. 

Randal W. Morgan, the eldest, was a mid- 
shipman, but subsequently retired from the 
service, studied medicine, carried on a drug- 
store in Camden, was vaccine physician and 
county physician. His health failed, and he 
went twice to Europe for its benefit, and 
died at sea on his retui-n voyage, October 20, 
1884. 

Eli B. was a deputy in the sheriff's office, 
under his father, and subsequently under 
other sheriffs ; then deputy clerk for five 
years, and since 1885 has been engaged in 
building operations. 

Joseph Willard is a counselor-at-law, and 
has been city solicitor since the spring of 
1884. He was elected immediately after 
attaining his majority, and is the youngest 
man who ever held the office. 

Mr. Morgan's second marriage, with Mi's. 
Mertie C. Webster, daughter of Rev. Wm. 
P. ]\Iaul, of Camden, occurred September 
1, 1886. 



CHAPTER XII. 

CIVIL LIST. 

The following list shows, as far as the 
records have been preserved, the principal 
officials of Camden County, the names of 
Senators and Representatives in both Houses 
of Congress, of State officials and of consuls 



CIVIL LIST. 



187 



to foreign ports. The date of election or aj)- 
poiutment is given where it could be ob- 
tained. 

Dr. Marmaduke Burrough was appointed 
United States consul to Vera Cruz, ^Mexico, 
by President Andrew Jackson, in July, 
1834. 

George M. Robeson was Secretary of the 
Na\-y in President Grant's Cabinet from the 
resignation of Secretary Borie to the close of 
Grant's administration, in 1877. 

Thoma.s H. Dudley was consul to the 
port of Liverpool, appointed by President 
Lincoln, and served in the same position till 
the close of President Grant's administration, 
in 1877. 

Gilbert Hannah was appointed by Presi- 
dent Lincoln consul to Demerara, South 
America, and died a few months after arriv- 
ing at his post. 

General Vickers was consul to Chili, going 
there when General Kilpatrick was the Uni- 
ted States Minister. 

The attorneys-general of Xew Jersey from 
Camden County were Abraham Browning, 
from 1845 to 1850, and George M. Robeson, 
from 1867 to the time of his appointment 
as Secretary of the Xavy. 

John Clement, in 1864, was appointed 
judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals, 
and continues to hold the same office, by vir- 
tue of which he is a member of the State 
Board of Pardons. 

The Presidents of the State Senate from 
Camden County were, — 

James M. Scovel, 1866. Wm, J. Sewell, 1878-SO. 

Edwanl Settle, 1871-72. 

The Secretaries of Senate from Camden 
County were, — 

Philip J. Grey, 1848-.iO. Morris R. Hamilton, 1862, '63.1 

Speakers of Assembly from Camden, — 

G. W. M. Custis, 1869. E. \. Armstrong, 188.3, '86. 

Clerks of the Assembly from Camden, — 

John P. Harlcer, 1859. Sinnickson Chew, 1872-74. 

'Hamilton was appoints Stat*? Librarian 18S4-. 



State Board of As.«essors, — 

Edward Settle. A. G. Cattell. 

Rev. Dr. Lsaac Wynn, in 1885, was ap- 
pointed a member of the State Board of Ed- 
ucation, and E. A. AruLstrong, by virtue of 
his office as Speaker of the Assembly, is a 
member of the same body. 

Henry Fredericks, in 1884, was appointe<l 
a member of the State Board of Char- 
ities and Correction for a term of four 
years. 

Dr. James M. Ridge, of Camden, served 
as member of the State Board of Health. 

Richard S. Jenkins served for a time as 
State Commissioner of Fisheries. 

Rudolphus Bingham was Tru.stee of the 
State Industrial School for Girls. 

Charles Wilson was State Pri.son Keeper 
from 187.3 to 1876. 

Joseph Porter, of Waterford, was pres- 
ident of the Legislative Council. 

John S. Read served for several years, un- 
til his death, as one of the commissioners of 
the Morris Plains Asylum, and also as State 
director for the United Railroads of New 
Jersey. 

Charles A. Butts is the present State di- 
rector of the United Railroads of Xew Jersey. 

In the succeeding lists the names of all 
persons who have resided within the present 
limits of Camden County, and who represente<l 
Gloucester County in a national or State po- 
sition, or who were elected or appointed to a 
county office, are given, together with the date 
of their election or appointment. Since the 
erection of Camden County the complete roster 
of the civil and political officers Ls furnished. 

Z'niied States Stn^Urrrs. 
Alex. Cattell, 1866-72. Wm. J. Sewell, 1881-87. 

BepreieHtatir^g in Congnsss, 
Jame6 Sloan, 1803-9. John F. Starr. 1863-67. 

Richard JI. Cooper, 1823-33, Geo. M. Rolieson, 1879-81. 

Andrew K. Hay, 16*9-51. 

SOUe Senaiorit. 
Richard W. Howell, 184*. Jamea SI. ScoTel, 1863. 

Jos. C. Stafford, 1845. Edward Bettle, 1866-69. 

John Gill, 1818. Wm. J. SeweU, 1872, '75, '78. 

Thos. W. Mulford, 1851. Albert Merritt, 1881. 

John K. Roberts, 18o4:'57. Richard N. Herring, 1884. 

Wm. P. Tatem, 1860. 



188 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Members of the Legislaiive Oiuncil. 



Joseph Hugg, 1781. 
Elijah Clark, 1782-83. 
Elijah Clark, 178.5, '66. 
Joseph Ellis, 1787-94. 
Joseph Cooper, 1795-97. 
Thos. Clark, 1798-1802. 
Isaac Mickle, 1803-6. 
Richard M. Cooper, 1807-10. 
Isaac Mickle, 1811. 
Samuel VV. Harrison, 1814-16. 
MembeTB 

Members from the surrender 
of West Jersey, — 
John Kay, 1703. 
Joseph Cooper, 1703. 
John Hugg, Jr., 1703. 
Johu Hugg, 1704. 
John Kay, 1704. 
Thos. Lambert, 1704. 

Members from Gloucester an 
Johu Kay, 1709-10. 
John Kaighn, 1709-10. 
Kichard Bull, 1716. 
Samuel Cole, 1721. 
John Mickle, 1721. 
Johu Mickle, 1727. 
Wm. Harrison, 1727. 
Wm. Harrison, 1730. 
Joseph Cooper, 1730. 
Joseph Cooper, 1738.44. 
John Mickle, 1738-44. 
Joseph Cooper, 174.'i, '46. 
Ebenezer Hopkins, 174.'*, '46. 
Joseph Cooper, 1749. 
Joseph Ellis, 1749. 
Samuel Clement, 1754. 
Samuel Clement, 1761. 
Robert F. Price, 1769-72. 
John llinchuiau, 1769-72. 
Rubert F. Price, 1776. 
Isaac Mickle, 1776. 
Elijah Clark, 1777. 
Isaac Toniliuson, 1777. 
Elijah Clark, 1778. 
Joseph Ellis, 1778. 
IniiBC Kay, 1780. 
Sanuii-1 Hugg, 1781-83. 
Jo8c|h Ellis, 1781-83. 
Joseph Cooper, 1781-83. 
Joseph Ellis, 1784-85. 
Joseph Cooper, 1784-85. 
Thoniiis Clark, 1787-88. 
Joseph Cooper, 1787-88. 
Joseph Cooper, 1789. 
AlKil Clement, 1789. 
Joseph Cooper, 1790. 
Samuel Hugg, 1790. 
Joseph Cooper, 1791. 
John Blackwood, 1791. 
Joseph Cooper, 1792. 
John Blackwood, 1792. 
Joseph Cooper, 1793. 
John Blackwood, 1793. 
Abel Clement, 1793. 
John Blackwood, 1794. 
Abel Clement, 1795-96, 
Abel Clement, 1797. 
Saumcl IlarriBuu, 1798. 
Joshua I.. Howell, 1799. 
Samuel Harrison, 1799. 



John Baxter, 1819-20. 
Joseph Kaighn, 1823. 
Chris. Sickler. 1827. 
Joseph Kaighn, 1829. 
John W. Mickle, 1830. 
.Toseph Kaighn, 1831, '32. 
Johu W. Mickle, 1833-35. 
Jos. Porter, 1839, '40. 
Joshua P. Browning, 1843. 

of the ABitein})hf. 
u 1702, who represented theprovii 

Joshua Wright, 170-1. 
John Willis, 1707. 
John Kay, 1707. 
Hugh Sharp, 1708-9. 
John Kay, 1708-9. 
John Kaighn, 1708-9. 
Camden Counties, — 
Samuel Harrison, ISOll. 
Abel Cleincnt, 1800. 
Samuel W. Harrison, 1801. 
Isaac Mickle, 1801. 
Samuel W. Harrison, 1802. 
Abel Clement, 1802. 
Jiisepli Cooper, 1803-4. 
Sanjuel Champion, 180.5-6. 
Jacob lilover, 1807. 
Jacob Glover, 1808. 
Joseph V. Clark, 1809. 
Jacob Glover, 1811. 
Joseph C. Sweet, 1812. 
Charles French, 1813. 
Charles French, 1814. 
Samuel L. Howell, 1818. 
Joseph Kaighn, 1821. 
Isaac Mickle, 1822. 
Joseph Kaighn, 1822, 
Benj. B. Cooper, 1824. 
Benj. B. Cooper, 1825. 
Charles French, 1S2.5. 
Joseph Porter, 1827. 
John W. Mickle, 1827. 
Joseph Porter, 1828. 
Johu W. Mickle, 1829. 
John Gill, Jr., 1832. 
Joseph Rogers, 1833. 
Joseph Rogers, 1834. 
Samuel B. Lippincott, 1834. 
Joseph Rogers, 1836. 
Samuel B. Lippincott, 1835. 
Joseph W. Cooper, 1830. 
Joseph Porter, 1837. 
J. W. Cooper, 1837. 
Joseph Porter, 1838. 
J. W. Coojior, 1S3S. 
Elijah Bower, 1839. 
Richard W. Snowden, 1839. 
Richard W. Snowden, 1840. 
Richard W. Snowden, 1842. 
Thonuis B. Wood, 1843. 
Joseph Kay, Jr., 1844. 
John Redliebl, 1844. 
Joel G. <;iark, 1845. 
Gcn-ard Wood, 1845, 
Edward Turner, 184<>, 
Joselih 1). Tateni, 1840, 
John C. Shreeve. 1847. 
John E. Marshall, 1847. 



Jacob Troth, 1848. 
Joseph Wolohon, 1848. 
Chas. D. Hiueline, 1849-50. 
Thomas W. HnrlT, 1849-60. 
J. 0. Johnson, 1851-52. 
Joseph Kay, 1851. 
Jonathan Day, 1851. 
Samuel Lytic, 1852. 
John K. Roberts, 1852-53. 
Samuel S. Cake, 1853-54. 
James L. Hines, 18.53. 
Beilley Barrett, 1854-55. 
Evan C. Smith, 1855. 
John P. Marker, 1855-56. 
Samuel Scull, 1856, '67, '68. 
Joseph M. Atkinson, 1856. 
Edmund Hoffman, 1857. 
Samuel M. Thorne, 1867-58. 
Zebedee Nicholson, 1858. 
John R. Graham, 1869-60. 
Joseph Stafford, Jr., 1869. 
George Brewer, 1859. 
Joel P. Kirkbride, 1800-61. 
James L. Hines, 1860. 
Daniel A. Hall, 1861. 
Edwin J. Osier, 1861-62. 
James M. Scovel, 1862. 
Chalkley Albertson, 1862-63. 
Samuel Tateni, 1863. 
Philander C. Brinck, 186.3-64. 
Isaac W. Nicholson, 1804-65. 
John F. Bodine, 1864. 
George W. N. Custis, 1865-66. 
Thomas H. Coles, 1865-66. 
Edward Z. Collings, 1806. 
John Hood, 1867. 

,S 
Daniel Reading, 168C. 
Jolin Hugg, Jr. {de|iuty), 1691. 
Thomas Sharp, 1692. 
Joseph Tomlinson, 169.5-96. 
Matthew .Medcalfe, 1700. 
Josiah Kay, 1711. 
Samuel Coles, 1713. 
Samuel Harrison, 1714. 
Wm. Harrison, 1715. 
Josiah Kay, 1719. 
Samuel Coles, 1724. 
Joseph Hugg. 1726. 
Samuel Harrison, 1729. 
Jacob Medcalf, 173:1. 
Samuel Harrison, 1742. 
Joseph Blackwood, 1784. 
John Blackwood, 1787. 
Joseph Hugg, 1798. 
Jacob Glover, 181,3. 

Mark Ware was sheriff of Gloucester County when Camden County 
was formed, and by the provisions of the act erecting the county, 
jierfonned the duties of sheriff of the new county until the next elec- 
tion, in November, 1844, when Arthur Brown was elected. 



James Wills, 1867. 
Chalkley Albertson, 1807. 
Henry L. Bonsall, 1868-69. 
William C. Shinn, 1868-69. 
Thomas H. Coles, ISO'S. 
Samuel Warthman, 1869. 
Charles Wilson, 1870. 
Isaac W. Nicholson, 1870. 
Stevenson Leslie, 1870-71. 
George B. Carse, 1871-73. 
Isaac Foreman, 1872. 
William H. Cole, 1872-73. 
Clialkley Albertson, 1873. 
Alden C. Scovel, 1874-76. 
Richard N. Herring, 1874-75. 
Henry B. Wilson, 1874. 
Oliver Lund, 187.5-70. 
Samuel T. Murphy. 1876. 
Isaiah Woolston, 1877. 
Alonzo D. Nichols, 1877-78. 
Andrew J. Eider, 1877. 
Edward Burrough, 1878-79, 
Richard N. Herring, 1878-79. 
Henry L. Bonsiill, 1879-80. 
Chris. J. Mines, 1880-81. 
John H. McMurray, 1880-81. 
Robert F. 8. Heath, 1881. 
George W. Bolton. 1882. 
John Bamford, 1882. 
Clayton Stafford, 1882-83. 
Edward A. Armstrong, 1883-85. 
John \V". Branning, 1883. 
Benj. M. Braker, 1884. 
Henry M. Jewett, 1884-85. 
George Pfeiffer, Jr., 1885. 



John Baxter, 1815. 
.lohn Baxter, 1821. 
Joshua P. Browning, 1835. 
Mark Ware, 1841.1 
Arthur Brown, 1844. 
Levi C. Phifer, 1847. 
Charles S. Garrett, 1850. 
Wm. P. Tatem, 1863. 
Edmund Brewer, 1856. 
Charles Wilson, 1859. 
John Cain, 1862. 
Samuel D. Sharp, 18C5. 
Randal E. Morgan, 1868. 
Henry Fredericks, 1871. 
Jacob C. Daubman, 1874.' 
Wm. Calhoun, 1878. 
Theo. B. Gibbs, 1881. 
Richard F. .Smith, 18S4. 



Thomas Sharp. 1686. 
John Reading, 1688. 
Richard Bull, 1704. 
Thomas Shari), 1714. 



Voxmiu Cl'Tkn. 

Joseph Hugg, 1776. 
Elijah Clark, 1781. 
Elisha Clark, 1785. 
Thomas B. Wood, 1844. 



1 Under the constitution of 1844 the sheriffs were elected annually, 
but custom gave them three years, and the amended constitution of 
1875 extended the term to three years. Jacob C. Daubman had 
served one year, when the change was made, and in 1876 was elected 
for tlie new term, making four years of continued service. 



CIVIL LIST. 



189 



B^nj, \V. Browninsr, 181!1. 
.li>6i-|ih Myers, 1880. 
Will. P. Tiiteiii, 1880.1 
George Brewer, 1860. 
Thomas M. K. Lee, ISOS. 

Jacob fllover, 1823-24. 
Siinmel P. Chew, 1S44. 
Isuie H. Porter. 1849. 

I, 
(Tliis offlce was eslalilish 
George W. Gilbert, 1876. 
Jehu Evans, 1880. 

O 
Jacob Clement, 171.'). 
Jolm Kay, 1717. 
Thomas Sharp, 1721. 
Joseph Cooper, 1724. 
Ebenezer Hopkins, HiJO. 
llavid Cooper, 1757. 
Samuel Clement, Jr., 1704. 
Saiiuicl Nicholson, 1844. 
Jacob L. Rownml, 1S45. 
John Clement, Jr., 1.S48. 



J.ilin Cain, l.'<7ll. 

.loel Kilkbride, 187.'). 

.lospph Holling^heail, 1S80. 

Jolm W. RrowDing, IS.S.I. 

Edward Burrougli, ISSO. - 
Btirrogatfs. 

Mark Ware, 18,')4. 

Lsaac L. Lowe, 1S..0. 3 

David B. Brown, 186C.. 
fili/ttrr of D*:i'ih. 
■d in 187.i) 

Robert F.S. ll.'alh, ISSS. 

milD Colteclort. 

Wm. P. Tatem, 184fl-.'in. 
Albert W. Markley, 18.54. 
Ridinrd W. Siiowden, 18.';7. 
Randal E. Morgan, 1862. 
Isaiah Woolston, 1868. 
Isaiah Woolston, 1870. 
Ezra Stokes, 1871. 
Morris Ilallock, 1882. 
Nathanii-I Biirlon, 188,5. 



Tlie presiding officers of the Board of 
Ju.stices and Freeholders, and afterwards of 
tlic Board of Frecliolders, were, — 



Elijah Clark, 17111. 
Samuel Harrison, 1800. 
Samuel W. Harrison, 18t)4. 
Samuel W. Harrison, 1807. 
Wni Zane, 1809. 
Joseph Rogers, 1811. 
James Matlack, 1815. 
Jacob Glover, 1823. 
SaDiuel B. Lippincott, 1831. 
Jacob Glover, 1 832. 
James Matlack, 1838. 
Johu Clement, Jr., 1844. 
Joseph Kay, 1845. 
Jacob Troth, 1840. 
Richard W. Stafford, 1S47-53. 
John D. Glover, 1864-55. 
Richard W. Snowden, 1851!. 

Chiks iif the Bm 
Thomas Sharp, 1715. 
Wm. Harrison, 1723. 
John Kay, 1725.. 
Samuel Spicer, 1740. 
Joseph Kaighn, 1748. 
Joseph Harrison, 1751). 
Samuel Clement, Jr., 1704. 
Joseph Hugg, 1705. 
Isaac Mickle, 1700. 
Samuel HalTison, 1708. 
SamuefSpicer, 1773. 
. Joseph Hugg, 1775. 



Joseph L. Tharkara, 1867. 
Thomas McKeen, 1858. 
Joseph Porter, 1869-60. 
Thoni.Ts McKeen, 1801. 
John S. Read, 1802. 
Charles Watson, 18i;3-n6. 
Joseph L. Thackara, 1800-07. 
John J. Lawrence, 1808. 
Charles Watson, 1809. 
Samuel S. Cake, 1870-71. 
Isaac W. Nicholson, 1872-80. 
Morris Hallock, 1881-82. 
Joseph L. Thackara, 1883. 
Samuel Wood, 1HS4. 
J. Grilflth Howard, 18S5. 
Samuel Wood, 1880. 

rd uf FnehuMng. 
Samuel Harrison, 1783. 
Johu Blackwood, 1792. 
Samuel W. Harrison, 1798. 
Richard Snowdon, 1808. 
Jacob (ilover, 1818. 
Thomas II. Dudley, 1844-47. 
Thomas W. Mulford, 1848. 
James B. Dayton, 1849 53. 
R. Gniliam Clark. I8.'i4-50. 
Alden C. Scovel, 1857-65. 
Alfred Hugg, 1806-08, 
Joshua L. Howell, 1809-73. 



1 Joseph Myer.-* died in June, 1800, and William P. Tatem was ap- 
pointed to act until the next election, when George Brewer was 
chostiii. 

2 The Governor commissioned John W. Browning, but the Su- 
preme Court ruled the oftice to Edward Burroiigh, who received his 
commission February 20, 1886. 

3 Isaac L. Lowe was elected in 1804 for five years. lie died in 
March, 1800, and D. B. Brown was appointed until the election, in 
November, when he was elected, and re.^lected in 1871, '70 '81. 



J. Kiiscnc Troth, 1874-79. 
John K. U. Hewitt, 1S.S0. 
J. Eugene Troth, 1881. 
Jacob Jennings, 188.'. 

The following is 
wlio represented the 

Fie 
J.)hn W. Mickle, 1844. 
John R. Cowperthwaito, 1844. 
Charles Kaighn, 1845. 
.iohn R. Thompson, 1845. 
Johu W. Mickle, 1840. 
f'harles Sexton, 1840. 
John W. Mickle, 1847. 
Uichard Kettere, 1847. 
Charles .Sexton, 1818. 
Samuel Liimmis, 1848. 
John «. Mickle, 1849. 
Thomas B. Atkinson, 1849. 
John W. MicUlo, 1850. 
John Sands, 1860. 

One from each of 

Samuel Andrews, 1859. 
Josiah D. Rogers, 1859. 
Augustus Stutzer, 1859. 
John S. Read, 1800. 
Jo.siah D. Rogers, 1800. 
Augustus Stutzer, 1800. 
Thos. McKeen, 1801. 
Samuel H. Morton, 1801. 
Augustus Stutzer, ISol. 
Johu S. Read, 1802. 
Samuel H. Morton, 1802. 
John W. Stutzer. 18C2. 
Charles Watsou, 1803-04. 
Henry Curls, 1803-04. 
Chris, .r. Mines, lS0;}-04. 



Timolh.v J. Middlelou, 1.882-83. 
SaniiKd 1). Bergen, 1884. 
Jonas S. Jliller, 1885. 
John Harris, ISSO. 

I list of the freeholder 
city of Camden : 

eh-Mir'. 
■John W. Mickle, 1851-.'.2. 
Abraham Browning, 1851-62. 
John W. Mickle, 1853. 
Charles Sexton, 1853. 
Charles Sexton, 1854. 
Florance M. Bingham, 1.S54. 
James W. Shroff, 1855. 
Joseph T. Rowand, 1855. 
John W. Mickle, 1S.50. 
Wm. W. Cooper, ISofi. 
Thomas McKeen, 18.57. 
Jos. C. De La Cour, 18.57. 
Thomas McKeen, IS5S, 
James Carman, 1858. 

the three wards, — 

Charles Watson, 1806. 
George Brewer, I8G5. 
Chris. J. Mines, 1805. 
(.'harles Watson, 1800-07. 
Isaiah Woolston, 1800-07. 
Chris. J. Mines, 1800-07. 
Charles Watson, 1808. 
Alex. A. Hammell, 1868. 
John Goldstlio-.jie, 1808. 
Charles Watson, 1809. 
Aimer Sparks, 1809. 
James Deno, 1809. 
Charles Watson, 1870. 
James W. Wroth, 1870. 
John Dovle, 1870. 



One member from each of the eight wards 



Charles Watson, 1871. 
Cooper B. Browning, 1S71. 
James Elwell, 1871. 
Wm. Scudder, 1871. 
James Deno, 1871. 
Wallace Cook, 1871. 
John H. Jones, 1871. 
Francis Boggs, 1871. 
Samuel B. Garrison, 1872. 
Eilmund E. Read, 1872. 
James Elwell, 1872. 
Chris. Sickler, 1872. 
James Deno, 1872. 
Allen C. Wood, 1872. 
John 11. Jones, 1872. 
Wm. C. Clarko, 1872. 
Samuel B. Garrison, 1873. 
Randal E. Morgan. 1873. 
.lames Elwell, 1873. 
Wm. Severns, 1873. 
James Deuo, 1873. 
Allen C. Wood, 1873. 
John H. Jones, 1873. 
Wm. 0. Clarke, 1873. 
Samuel B. Garrison, 1874. 
Henry C. Gibson, 1871. 
James Elwell, 1874. 
Wm. Severns. 1874. 
David B. Kaighn, 1874. 
Evan Miller, 1874. 



Wm. Crossley, 1874. 
Wm. Thompson, 1874. 
David Baird, 1876. 
Henry 0. Gibson, 1875. 
James Elwell, 1875. 
Wm. Severns, 1876. 
Thomas A. Wilson, 1875. 
Evan Miller, 1875. 
Wm. Crossley, 1875. 
Will. C. Clarke, 1875. 
David Baird, 1870. 
John S. Read, 1870. 
James Elwell, 1870. 
Wm. Severns, 1876. 
Thos. A. Wilson, 1870. 
Evan Miller, 1870. 
Wm. Crossley, 1870. 
Bonj. H, Thomas, 1870. 
David Baird, 1877. 
Will. U. Colo, 1877. 
Abner Sparks, 1877. 
Wm. Severns, 1877. 
Charles C. Moffctt, 1877. 
Evan Miller, 1877. 
Thos. .Sotbern, 1877. 
lieiij. H. Thomas, 1877. 
David Baird, 1878. 
Morris Hallock, 1878. 
James Elwell, 1878. 
Wm. Seierns, 1878. 



190 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Charles C. Moffett, 1878. 
Evan Miller, 1878. 
Joseph M. Eo88, 1878. 
BonJ. H. Thomas, 1S78. 
David Baird, 1870. 
Morris Hallock, 1879. 
Abner Sparks, 1879. 
Wm. Severns, 1879. 
Robert C. HiUman, 1879. 
John Guthridge, 1879. 
Wra. Simpson, 1879. 
Peter Wise (Ist, colored), 1879. 
Louis T. Derousse, 1881). 
Morris Hallock, 1880. 
Abner Sparks, 1880. 
Wra. Severns, 1880. 
John W. BranninK, 1880. 
John Guthridge, 188U. 
James Kennedy, 18S0. 
Hugh Greenan, 188". 
Edward S. King, 1881. 
Morris Hallock, 1881. 
Jesse Turner, 1881. 
Timothy J. Middleton, 1881. 
John Day, 1881. 
Thomas McDowell, 1881. 
James Kennedy, 1881. 
Peter Postels (colored), 1891. 
Edward S. King, 1882. 
Monis Hallock, 1882. 
Wm. H. Chandler, 1882. 
John G. Miller, 1882. 
John Day, 1882. 
Thomas McDowell, 1882. 



.Tames Kennedy, 1882. 
Peter Postels, 1882. 
Edward S. King, 1883. 
John C. Rogers, 1883. 
Walter O. Wartman, 1883. 
Augustus F. Richter, 1883. 
John Day, 1883. 
James Mitchell, 1S83. 
Elwood Kemble, 1883. 
John Schause, 1883. 
Charles F. Adams, 1884. 
John Wells, 1884. 
Abner Sparks, 1884. 
Rudolph W. Birdsell, 1884. 
John Day, 1884. 
James Mitchell, 1884. 
John Blowe, 1884. 
Wm. C. Clarke, 1884. 
J. GrilHth Howard, 1885. 
John Wells, 188.5. 
Edward Mills, 1885. 
Charles G. Barto, 1885. 
Thomas A. Wilson, 1885. 
James M. Fitzgerald, 1885. 
Richard Hyde, 1385. 
Wra. C. Clarke, 1885. 
John M. Powell, 1886. 
Abram L. Thorn, 1886. 
Joseph L. Moore, 1880. 
Charles G. Barto, 1886. 
Thos. Gordon, 1880. 
Isaac Sharp, 1880. 
Joseph A. Starr, 1886. 
Wm. C. Clarke, 1880. 



The following is a list of the naiue.s of the 
freeholders of Newton townsliip fmni 1723 
to 1821. There is no record prior to that 



time, — 

Free)toUer» fy, 
Joseph ('oopor, 1724. 
Thos. Sharp, 1724. 
John Kay, 1725. 
John Kaighne, 1725. 
John Hinclinmn, 1726. 
Wm. Cooper, 1726. 
Joseph Cooper, 1727. 
Joseph Cooper, .Tr., 1727. 
Robert Zaiie, 1728. 
John Kaiglin, 1728. 
Wn). Cooper, 1729. 
John Kaighn, 1720. 
Robert Zane, 1730. 
John Kaighn, 1730. 
Robert Zane, 1731. 
John Kaighn, 1731. 
Robert Zane, 1732. 
John Kaighn, 1732. 
Tobias Holloway, 1733. 
Joseph Kaighn, 1733. 
James llinchman, 1734. 
Timothy Matlack, 1734. 
.loscph Kaighn, 1735. 
IsJiac Cooper, 1735. 
Timothy Matlack, 1736. 
Joseph Kaighn, 1730. 
Timothy Matlack, 1737. 
Joseph.Kaighn, 1737. 
Timothy Matlack, 1738. 
James Hinchman, 1738. 



, 1742. 
, 1743. 
, 1743. 



1 AVictoii Tomiship. 
Joseph Kaighn, 1739. 
James Hindi ]nan, 1730. 
Timothy Matlack, 1740. 
Robert Hubbs, 1740. 
Isaac Cooper, 1741. 
Ebenezer Hopkins, 1741. 
Robert Stephens, 1742. 
Ebenezer Hopkii 
Robert Stephc 
Kbenener Hopkii 
Timothy Matlack, 1744. 
Joseph Ellis, 1744. 
Timothy Matlack, 1745. 
Samuel Clement, 174.1. 
Samuel Clement, 1746. 
Isaac Smith, 1746. 
Robert Stephens, 1747. 
Joseph Ellis, 1747. 
Robert Stephens, 1748. 
Samuel Clement, 1748. 
Robert Stephens, 1749. 
Kbenezer Hopkins, 1749. 
Ebenezer Hopkins, 17.50-51. 
Robert Stephens, 1750-51. 
Kbenezer Hopkins, 1752. 
Isiuic Albertson, 1752. 
Ebenezer Hopkins, 1753. 
Isaac Cooper, 1763. 
Ebenezer Hopkins, 1754. 
Robert Stephens, 17.'i4. 



Ebenezer Hopkins, 1756-50. 
Isaac Cooper, 1755-50. 
Joseph Ellis, 1757. 
Archibald Mickle, 1757. 
Isaac Mickle, 1758-59. 
Jacob Clement, 1758-B9. 
Isaac Mickle, 1760-61. 
John Hopkins, 1700-01. 
John Gill, 1762. 
Joseph Cooper, 1702. 
John Gill, 1763. 
David Bronson, 1703. 
Isaac Mickle, 1764-65. 
Samuel Clement, Jr., 1704-05. 
David Branson, 1706-76. 
Isaac Meckle, 1766-76. 
John Gill, 1777. 
John E. Hopkins, 1777. 
John Gill, 1778. 
Jacob Stokes, 1778. 
Jacob Stokes, 1770. 
Joseph tboper, 1770. 
Isaac Mickle, 1780. 
John Litle, 1780. 
Isaac .Mickle, 1781. 
John Middleton, 1781. 
Joseph Cooper, 1782-83. 
John Middleton, 1782-83. 
John Gill, 1784-85. 
John Middleton, 1784-85. 
John Gill, 1786. 



J. E. Hopkins, 1780. 
J"hn Gill, 1787-88. 
Edward Gibbs, 1787-88. 
Marraaduke Cooper, 1789-01. 
Edward Gibbs, 1789-91. 
James Sloan, 1701-93. 
Samuel- Cooper, 1792-93. 
James Sloan, 1794. 
John E. Hopkins, 1794. 
John E. Hopkins, 1795-97. 
Joseph Mickle, 1795-97. 
James Hopkins, 1798-99. 
Jacob Stokes, 1798-99. 
Jacob Stokes. 1800-2. 
Marmaduke Burr, 1803. 
James Hurley, 1800-2. 
John Ward, 1803. 
Jacob Stokes, 1804-6. 
James Hurley, 1804-0. 
James Hurley, 1807-10. 
Samuel Clement, 1807-10. 
James Hurlej-, 1811-15. 
Joseph Kaighn, 1811-15. 
Joseph Kaighn, 1816. 
Wm. E. Roberts. 1810. 
Joseph Kaighn, 1817-19. 
.Tames Hurley, 1817-19. 
John Roberts, 1820. 
James Cooper, 1820. 
Joseph Kaighn, 1821. 
John Roberta, 1821. 



Jesse W. Starr, 1857. 
Williant D. Rogers, 1857. 
Jesse W. Starr, 1858. 
Samuel S. Willits, 1858. 
Samuel S. Willits, 1859-05. 



The records of the township from 1821 to 
about 1870 are missing. The following are 
the names of the freeholders from 1844 to 
18G5, when Haddoii township was erected : 

John Clement, 1S44-45. 
Samuel M. Reeves, 1844-45. 
Samuel M. Reeves, 1840-54. 
Joseph B. Tatcm, 1840-54. 
Richard W. Snowdon, 185.5-56. 
Samuel M. Hinchman, 1855-56. 

The following persons re2)resented the re- 
maining part of Newton township until its 
annexation to Camden, in 1871 : 

Henry Davis, 1865. Henry Davis, 1867-08. 

Michael Creely, 1866. Thomas Q. Moffett, 1860-70. 

Haddon township was represented by 
Richard Snowdon from its organization, in 
1867, until his death, in January, 1883; 
since that time Samuel Wood has occupied 
the position. 

J^cehohlcm of Union Township. 

1856 to 1800. —Benjamin S. Mc 

Collister. 
1856-57. — Alexander McKenzie. 
18.58.— John Redlield. 
1801.— Samuel T. Murphy. 



1S44.-JohnD. Glover. 

Abraham Lippincott. 
1845.— Edward C. Gibbs. 

Abraham Lippincott. 
1846.-Jonallian Williams 

Kdward C. Gibbs. 
1847. — Abraham Lippincott. 

1848 to 1854.— John I). Glove: 
1848, — .Alexander McKenzie. 

1849 to 1854— Cooper P.Browning 1808.— Thomas Uallam. 
1855 -Moses G. Boston, 1809.— Samuel T. Mnvphy 

.loci C. Reynolds. 



1802 to 1865.— William S. McC«l- 

lister. 
1866.— Samuol Tatera. 
1867. — Benjamin S. McCollister. 



CIVIL LI8T. 



1S7I1-71. — luliu ('. Sting.111. 
1872.— William Emery. 
1873-74.— Saiiiiul T. Murphy. 
1875. — Jolin C. Stinsoti. 
1,S76.— Samuel T. Muipby. 
1877-79.— James C. Dobbs. 
1879-80.— Hugli J. Gorman. 



il.T Cily. 

18S1.— Patrick lli-aley. 

Firat Waril, IHSi.-IIugb Mullia. 

Firat Ward, 188:1-84.- Tlios. Moss. 

Fil-st Ward, lS8,i-Sli.— David J. 
Dorau. 

Second Ward, ISSi to 188ii.— Pat- 
rick Mealey. 



Freehutdcrs from StocJitOH Totimship. 



Asa P. Horner, 18i9. 
John W. Potts, lSi;0-IV2. 
William Carter, 18G:l-U5. 
John J. Lawrence, 180C-08. 
Joel Horner, 1809-7:). 
John W. Potts, 1871-76. 

FreehuUersfroi 
John I. Githens, 1850-54. 
Richard Stafford, 1850-54. 
John I. Githens, 1855-50. 
Joseph L. Thackara, 1855-56. 
Nixon Davis, 1857. 
Joseph L. Thackara, 1857. 



Joel Clement, 1877. 
Jacob L. Gross. 1878-80. 
John L. Smith, 1881. 
Asa P. Horner, 1883. 
John L. Smith, 188:i-S0. 



I W:i.ter/„rd Township. 

Joel P. Kirkbride, 1868. 
Joseph Porter, 1859-60. 
Joseph L. Thackara, 1861-67. 
Samuel S. Cake, 1808-72. 
Joseph L. Thackara, 1879-84. 
James C. Bishop, 188,5-80. 



Freeholders from Centre township,- 



John D. Glover, 1855. 
Cooper P. Browning, 1855. 
John P. Brick, 185G. 
Charles L. Willits, 1856. 
Samuel P. Lippincott, 1858. 
Zebedee Nicholson, 1858. 
Abraham Itowand, 1860-62. 
Benjamin Shivere, 1863. 



Abraham Rowaud, 1864. 
Chalkly Glover, 1866-08. 
James Bell, 1870. 
Jos. M. Haines, 1872-74-76- 
John Gill, Jr., 1880-81. 
James Davis, 1882-84. 
John D. Glover, 1885-86. 



Freeholders from Gloucester townsliip. The 
early township records being lost, only the 



names of freeholders elected in the township 
since 1863 could he obtained, — 



Richard F. Batten, isoii. 
T. J. Wentz, 1804-65. 
Joshua Sickler, 1806-07. 
Charles Bucknian, 1808-05 
Daniel Turner, 1871-72. 
Hiuch]uan Lippincott, 187 



Jos. C. Lippincott, 187.'i-70. 
Edward Union, 1877-78. 
T. J. Wentz, 1879-80. 
Henry Steward, 1881-80. 
Benjamin Tomlinson, 1881-80. 
Gcorgo H. Higgins, 1881-S6. 



Mei'chantville was not entitled to a free- 
holder until 1 885, when a special act was passed 
by tiie Legislature creating the office for that 
borough. Charles B. Coles was elected in 
1885 and Charles P. Spangler in 1886. 

Freeholders from Delaware township, — 



Jacob Troth, 1844. 
Joseph Kay, Jr., 1844. 
John M. Haino», 1847. 
Benjamin W. Cooper, 18- 
Abel Fowler, 1848. 
Aaron Moore, 1849. 
JobB. Kay, 18.51. 
Benjamin Horner, 1851. 



Asa P. Horner, 1856. 
Isaac Roberts, 1858. 
Richard Shivers, 18li3. 
Isuic W. Nicholson, 1S70. 
Hugh Sharp, 1881. 
William Gratr, 1884. 
William Graff, ISS5. 



Freeholders from Winslow townsliip, — 



Andrew K. Hay. 
Jacob Ware, Sr. 
Charles H. French. 
Matthias S. Simmernian. 
Ezra Stokee. 
Samuel Norcross. 
Joseph Shreve. 
John J. Sickler. 
Isaac S. Peacock. 



Uzical Barefcird. 
John Carroll. 
I. F. Bodine. 
George R. Pl-att. 
Ziba Cain. 
Andrew Ro.ss. 
Andrew P. Ware 
John R. Dublc. 



CENSUS OF CAMDEN COUNTY. 



1850 



9,()18 
2,421 



3,378 
3,284 



Camden City 

Newton township 

Haddon township' 

Gloucester township. 

Union township 

Centre township 

Gloucester City 

Delaware townsliiji 

Stockton township I 

Waterfonl township 1,639 

Winslow township 1,540 

Washington township 

Monroe township 

Merchantville township ' 



2,578 



Total 



11,217 
3,353 



2,123 
2,453 
1,158 



1,593 

1,855 
2,350 



14,368 

4,055 



2,320 
2,865 
1,305 



1,002 
1,473 
1,955 
] ,800 
1,307 
1,417 



25,422 29,160 



34,457 



1805 



18,313 
2,547 
1,560 
2,355 
3,773 
1,267 



1,779 
1,350 
1,940 
1,473 
1,177 
810 



20,045 
8,437 
1,926 
2,710 



1,718 
3,682 
1,625 
2,381 
2,071 
2,050 
1,567 
1,664 



33,852 



2,541 
2,C01 



1,261 
5,105 
1,358 
2,106 
2,003 
1,887 



41,569 



2,551 
2,527 



1,538 
5,347 
1,481 
3,093 
2,145 
2,158 



52,884 



3,270 
2,542 



1,723 
5,966 
1,572 
3,709 
2,098 
2,180 



7(i,685 



'Haddon township was formed from Newton; Centre from Union and Gloucester, in 1855; 
Gloucester City from Union, in 1868; Stockton from Delaware, in 1859; Washington and Monroe annexed 
to Gloucester County ; Merchantville was erected from parts of Delaware and Stockton, and Newton was 
annexed to Camden, in 1871. 



192 



IILSTURV OF CAMDEN COUNTS, NEW JERSEY. 



Census of Gloucester County 1732 to 1840 : 
1737,3207; 1745, 3506; 1790, 13,363; 
1800, 19,744. 





1810 


1820 


1830 


1840 


Esg Harbor* 

Galloway* 


I8;iu 

1048 


10.5 
1803 
S77 
781 
3281 
2099 
1137 
3113 


2il0 
29i;o 
1424 
1270 
3S99 
2657 
1574 
3033 








Wejmoutl.* 


win 

2978 

2sr,a 




2570 




2837 








Sous 










"vj:"\ 


2059 
602 
2497 


2332 
686 
3298 


2837 


(iloiicetjter townnhip 




1803 












1074 




■2106 


2417 


3088 


3467 








19,189 


23,089 


28,431 


25,445 





' Stt off to Atlantic County, 1837. 



David B. Brown, surrogate of Camden 
County since 1866, was born in the village 
of Blackwood, Camden county, on the 21st of 
March, 1833. His grandfather, John Brown, 
was a shoemaker, and according to the custom 
of his day, passed from house to house 
through the southern part of the county, at- 
tending to the duties of his trade. 

George Brown, the father of Surrogate 
Brown, was married to Mary Beckley, whose 
ancestors were Germans. His trade was 
that of a wheelwright, though he spent much 
of his time in shipping cord-wood to Phila- 
delphia and there selling it. 

Surrogate Brown obtained his education in 
the schools of his native place, taught school 
for a short time, and then engaged in farm- 
work until he arrived at the age of twenty- 
eight years. In 1861, when the call for 
troops from the Northern States was made by 
President Lincoln for the defense of the 
Union, Mr. Brown was one of those brave 
spirits who was quick to respond. He went 
to Trenton with a companion and was en- 
listed on May 21, 1861, as a private in Com- 
pany D of tlie Third llcgiinent of New Jer- 
sey Infantry. He and his comrade were the 
last two needed to complete the company, 
most of whose members were; from Sussex 
Cdiiiitv and (lie northeastern counties of 



Penn.sylvania. The regiment in which Mr. 
Brown enlisted, together with the First, 
Second and Fourth, formed the Fir.st Bri- 
gade of New Jersey Infantry in the three 
years' service and vvas sent to the defense of 
Washington, was within hearing distance of 
the first battle of Bull Run, though not 
actively engaged. He participated with his 
regiment in the Seven Days' Battle and other 
severe engagements of the Peninsular Cam- 
paign, under General McClellan ; was then 
transferred up the Potomac Hivcr to Alex- 
andria, where it engaged in a skirmish, and 
subsequently, during the year 1862, the sec- 
ond battle of Bull Run, the first battle of 
Fredericksburg and the battle of Chantilly. 
He was promoted sergeant of his com- 
pany and in the severe engagement at Salem 
Church, near Fredericksburg, he was severely 
wounded by a riflo-ball fracturing the ulna 
bone of his right forearm. While making his 
way to the rear of his regiment, after receiv- 
ing his wound, he unexpectedly fell into the 
hands of the enemy, and placed in a Confed- 
erate field hospital. While there his wound 
wjis dressed, the ulna being removed by Dr. 
Todd, of Georgia, a surgeon in the Southern 
army and a brother-in-law of President Lin- 
coln. At the expiration of eight days Ser- 
geant Brown was paroled and first sent to a 
field hospital, then to a ho.spital at Washing- 
ton and later to Chestnut Hill Hospital, near 
Philadelphia, where he filled out his term of 
enlistment, and was discharged May 12, 
18(!J. In the mean time, after his wound had 
partially healed, he served on guard duty at 
the hospital. 

(Jn May 5, 186(5, Mr. Brown was ap- 
pointed surrogate of Camden County by 
Governor Ward, to fill the unexpired term 
of Isaac L. IjOwc, who died in office. He 
was elected to the office of surrogate in No- 
vember, 1866, and re-elected in 1871, in 
1876 and in 1881, having served continu- 
ously in the .same office for a period of twenty 
vears, which in itself is a strikina; evidence 





<J%^</T> ("A 



-^ m lyo^i^ 




CIVIL LIST. 



193 



ot liis ability aud efficiency to perform its 
onerous duties and of the confidence reposed 
in him by his constituents. 

Mr. Brown was married, in ISfiS, to Mary 
Oliver, of Camden, though a native of Bur- 
lington County, who died three years later, 
fn 1873 he was married to Mary E. Haines, 
of Burlington County, by whom he has two 
children, Bes.sie and George S. 

Mr. Brown and his family are members of 
the Methodist Church, and he is a mcmi)er 
of T. M. K. Lee Post, No. o, G. A. R., of 
Camden. 

RiniERT F. Stucktox Hkath was born 
in the city of Philadelphia August 20, 1842, 
and is a sou of the late Andrew Heath, well- 
known as one of the first conductors of the 
Camden and Araboy Railroad. His prepar- 
atory education was acquired in the schools 
of Philadelphia and Camden, and he then 
entered the Philadelphia High School, from 
which institution he was graduated. He 
l>egan business as an employee with the firm 
of Thomas White & Co., prominent mer- 
chants of Philadelphia, engaged in the job- 
bing millinery trade on Second Street, above 
Chestnut, and then the leading firm in the 
United States dealing in that line of goods. 
He continued with this firm until the death 
of Mr. White, when Lincoln, Wood & 
Nichols became the successors, and removed 
the establishment to 725 Chestnut Street, and 
Mr. Heath was given charge of the manu- 
facturing department. Upon the dissolution 
of this firm he became associated with P. A. 
Harding in the same business, from ISfil to 
ISG-"), and then with Thomas Morgan & Co. 
(Mr. Heath being the company) until the 
death of the senior partner. 

In 1875 he associated as co-partner in the 
firm of G. P. Muller & Co., and engaged in 
the manufactin-e of straw goods at 513 and 530 
Arch Street, which firm dissolved by limita- 
tion at the expiration of eight years, and Mr. 
Heath, in 1 883, began and has since continued 
the manufacture of ladies' straw goods at an 



extensive establishment, ',tl5 l-'illici-t Street, in 
which he has about onr iiiiiKlrtd and thirty 
workmen constantly employed. He has fifty 
sewing-machines running, liy which all vari- 
etiesofbraid arescwed lo the straw goods. The 
sizing, blocking and finishing at his factory 
are all done by steam-power, antl the color- 
ing and the pleating of the; goods are done in 
the works. A twelve horse-power engine 
and a twenty horse-power boiler drive the 
machiuery, and long lines of shafting and 
floors are used for healing j)urpo.ses in the 
drying-rooms. The manufactured goods are 
.sold in all the large cities of the Union 
from the home office, through a branch house 
in New York, and by resident salesmen in 
Pitt.sburgh, St. Louis anil Chicago. His 
business career has been marked by con- 
tinued success, and as a manufacturer his ad- 
vice and opinions are freciuently sought for 
by others and his Judgment considered good. 

In 1881 Mr. Heath was elected by the 
Democratic party to rejiresent the First Dis- 
trict of Camden County in the State Legis- 
lature, and after serving with ability aud 
credit for one term, was offered a re-election, 
which, on account of the pressing duties of 
his own business affairs, he was compelled to 
decline. At the solicitation of members of 
both the dominant political j)arties, in 1885, 
he accepted the nomination and was elected 
register of deeds for Camden County, to 
serve for a term of five years, a position 
which he now (1886) fills with great ac- 
ceptance to his constituents. 

In 1864 Mr. Heath was married to 
Josephine, the youngest daughter of Captain 
Constant Waithmau. Their children are 
Emma, Matilda (deceased) and Clara. The 
entire family are members of St. Paul's Epis- 
copal (Jhurch, of Camden, of which Mr. 
Heath is a vestryman. Pie is a prominent 
member of the IMasonic fraternity, and of 
the order of Odd-Fellows, and assisted in or- 
ganizing the Knights of Pythias in New Jer- 
sey, being the first Grand Chancellor of that 



194 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



order in the State. ITiider tlie old militia 
system he was captain of Company C, of the 
Second Battalion, under Col. McKeen, and 
afterwards held the commission as captain of 
Comjjany B, of the Sixth Regiment, under 
Col. W. J. Sewell. 

Edward Burrough is a son of Joseph 
A. and Mary H. Burrough, and was born 
upon the farm where he now resides, 
in Delaware township, midway between 
Merchantville and Colestown, September 
5, 1848. He is a member of the fifth gen- 
eration who have been in possession of that 
farm in continuous succession, and from reli- 
able data is of the same family of Burroughs 
that Edward Burrough, the eminent minister 
of the Society of Friends (contemporary with 
George Fox), came from. All of his ances- 
tors on both sides were members of the 
Society of Friends, and although by a pecu- 
liar decree of their Discipline he is not a 
member of it, yet iiis religious affiliations 
remain with tiiat society, under which 
he was reared. He was given such advan- 
tages for acfjuiring an education as the 
district schools of his youth afforded, going 
to school during the winter months and 
working upon the farm during the other 
portions of the year until he reached iiis 
seventeenth year, when he was sent to the 
Friends' Academy, at Haddoufield, for two 
winters, and continued to work upon 
the farm during the summer months. 
In the fall of 1862 he entered Treemont 
Seminary, at Norristown, Pa., and completed 
hi.s .scholastic course in a five months' term. 
Notwithstanding his hap-hazard opportuni- 
ties, he has acquired a fair education, and he 
still continues Iiis studious habits. Mr. 
Burrough was a strong Unionist during the 
Rebellion, having imbibed from his ancestors 
their abolition principles. On July To, 18(54, 
he was one of the company of minute-men 
who left Camden for the defen.se of Baltimore 
under the command of Captain R. H. Lee, 
and was mustered into the service of the 



United SUites and assigned to duty at Fort 
Dix, near the Relay Hou.se, on the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroad ; they were attached to 
the First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army 
Corp,s, under Major-Geueral Lew Wallace, 
General E. B. Tyler lieing their brigade- 
commander. At the expiration of their term 
of .service they returned to Camden and were 
regularly mustered out. 

In the spring of 1865 his father died, which 
event prevented his return to the army and 
compelled him to at ont^e begin the business 
of farming, and altliough .scarcely twenty-one 
years of age, and loaded with heavy responsi- 
bilities, he at once applied hi.s energies to 
lightening his burden and securing him.self a 
home. Being imbued with the idea that 
fanning in New Jersey was as honoralile a 
calling as any other pursuit, and that 
fanners as a class should learn to honor their 
business, he took an active interest in 
organizing the '' Farmers' A.ssociation " of 
this county in 1872, and has been an active 
advocate of the many reforms instituted and 
carried out by that association, among which 
was the removal of the calf and stock mar- 
kets from Philadelphia to Camden, which 
was .soon followed by locating a hay and 
calibage market on this side of the river. 
He was also instrumental in bringing about 
an amicable arrangement with the ferry 
companies, whereby a reduction in the rates 
on teams was secured. His activity in 
these matters soon attracted the attention 
of the farmers of Burlington County, and 
agaiiLSt his wishes he was elected a director 
of the Moorestown Agricultural Society, and 
.soon after its vice-jinwident, a position he 
resigned in the spring of 1886. He had 
several years been a member of the execu- 
tive committee of the State iioard of Agri- 
(mlture, and in February, 1886, he was elected 
jiresident of the ]ioard, thus placing him at 
the head of the agricultural interests of the 
State. 

In 1867 he was elected clerk of Delaware 



CIVIL LIST. 



195 



towiisliii), vvhieli pusitioii lu- lielil until tlie 
fall of 1878, wheu he resigned upon reeeiving 
the uoniination for the Assembly, to which he 
was elected for two terms. 

In 1870 he was appointed an assistant mar- 
shal to take the ninth United States census 
of Delaware, Stockton and Haddon town- 
ships. When the State was redistricted, in 
coiifonnitv with the present j)iiblic school 
laws, he exerted himself to have proper 
school facilities afforded the neiglihorhood, in 
which he lived, and succeeded in securing a 
district school, and was appointed a trustee 
by the first county superintendent of Camden 
and Burlington Counties (in which latter 
county the school building is situated) ; this 
]i<>sition he resigned at the annual meeting, 
t)ut the ne.Ktyear, against his earnest protest, 
he was elected a trustee, and still continues 
in that position, and for the last five years 
has been clerk of the district. 

In 1873 he was appointed chairman of the 
Centennial Committee of the West Jersey 
Farmers' CJonference Club, which coiumittee 
was also appointed an auxiliary Board for 
Camden and Burlington Counties by the 
Centennial Bt)ard of Finance. This positi(^n 
brought him in accpiaintance witli those in 
charge of this department of the great 
E.xposition and familiarized him with their 
arduous duties, and the efforts put forth 
by the citizens of Philadelphia to com- 
plete the buildings and make the Kxposition 
a suc(«ss. 

In 1S78, he was solii^ited by his i)oliti('al 
friends to become a candidate for the Legis- 
lature, and after considei-able hesitancy con- 
sented, and received the nomination of his 
party in the first Assembly District, and was 
elected by a majority of one thousand four 
hundred and eighty-one, being the largest 
majority ever given to a member of the As- 
sembly in New Jersey. A redistricting of 
the State followed his election, which |)laced 
him in the Second Assembly district. And 
in the fall of 187'J he was again nominated by 



the l\epublicans, and although a decided off 
year in politics, there being only his own and 
the county collector's name on the ticket (and 
the (!anvass consequently a very (juiet one), 
he was again elected by nearly four hundred 
majority. His career in the Legislature was 
without spot or blemish, and proved very 
satisfactory to his constituents, and threw 
him into the acquaintance of the prominent 
men of the State of all parties, the respect of 
whom he ever after maintained. Never of 
robust health, lie yet po.sse.ssed a sort of 
wiry constitution, which for twenty years 
enabled him to [)erforrn the work of a much 
stronger man. He eventually overrated his 
strength, which brought on a series of heart 
troubles that prevented him from performing 
further manual labor. He became a candi- 
date for the ofiice of county clerk in the fall 
of 1885. Always a Republican and an ac- 
tive partisan, he yet never sought an office 
until he asked the support of his friends for 
the position above-mentioned. He was sin- 
gularly successful in his canvass for the nom- 
ination, and received the entire vote of the 
conventiou. Owing to a combination of cir- 
cumstances over which he had no control, the 
campaign was an apathetic one and the vote 
of his party a very small one. He, however, 
was elected by a small majority, which led 
his opponents to perpetrate infamous frauds 
to overcome his majority. Feeling confident 
that he was fairly and legally elected, he 
])rocured able coiuisel and prosecuted the 
case to a successful termination, and on the 
li5th day of February, 1880, he was didy 
commissioned and qualified as County Clerk 
of the County of Camden, which position he 
still holds. He maintains his residence upon 
his farm, where it is his desire to end his 
existence. 

(In every position that he held he always 
recognized the rights of all parties in his 
ofiicial acts, maintaining that a,s they were 
alike expected to obey the laws, they were 
equally entitled to l)c heard ; that as an 



196 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



office-holder he was as much the servant of 
the minority as he was of the majority ; 
but upou strict party issues he was always a 
firm adherent to the party to which he was 
allied.) 

On tiie 23rd of November, 1870, he mar- 
ried Emily Collins, only child of William 
and Martha Collins, of Moorestown, Burling- 
ton County. No children have ever rewarded 
their union, and they are obliged to remain 
without the endearing prattle of childish 
voices ill their large country home. Edward 
Burrough has but one sister, the wife of 
the present Deputy County Clerk, and slie, 
like himself, is childless. 



CHAPTER XIII. 

the benf'fi and bar of camdex cotnty. 

Outline of Early Legal History of 
New Jersey. — After tlie settlement of the 
dispute between John Fenwick (who had ac- 
quired of Lord John Berkley the undivided 
one-half of New Jersey) and the creditors of 
Edward Byllynge (February 9, 1674), steps 
were taken by those interested to procure a 
division of the territory. This was done by 
a quintipartite deed, dated July 1, 1G76, 
made between the proprietors of East New 
Jersey and the proi)rietors of West New 
Jersey, which fixed the boundary. This 
made two separate and distinct provinces of 
the original territory, each of which estal)- 
lished a government of its own, with legis- 
lative, judicial, and executive powers. The 
proprietors and own(!rs of West New Jersey 
issued (March 3, 167G) their "concessions 
and agreements " in forty-four chapters, 
somewhat in the nature of a constitution, and 
upon which all the laws ])assed by tiie legis- 
lature should be based. These governments 
were separately maintained until 1702, when 
the inhal)itants of bolli |>nivinces joined in a 
petition to Queen Anne ol' England, to as- 



sume the government. The surrender was 
signed April 15, 1702, and two days after 
the Queen accepted it, and November 14th, 
in the same year, appointed Edward Lord 
Cornbury, Captain-General and Governor of 
the Province of Nova Ctesarea, or New Jer- 
sey in America. 

This was the commencement of a new 
epoch in the history of the courts of New 
Jersey ; and the commission and instructions 
delivered by Queen Anne to Lord Cornbury, 
as the first Governor of the new colony, 
were, in fact, its second Constitution. In these 
instructions the attention of the Governor 
was especially called to the laws which he 
might find in existence, and concerning them 
he is enjoined as follows : " You are with all 
convenient speed to cause a collection to be 
made of all the Laws, Orders, Rules, or such 
as have hitherto served or been reputed as 
Laws amongst the Inhabitants of our said 
Province of Nova Oraarea or New Jersey, 
and together with our aforesaid Council and 
Assembly, von are to revise, correct and 
amend the same, as may be necessary." 

Concerning the passage of laws by the 
General Assembly, it is remarkable that at 
that early period a ])nivisii)n should have 
been tnade in this Constitution, the omission 
of whiili in the Constitution of 1776 was so 
seriously felt, that it was introduced into the 
Constitution of 1844, and may now be found 
in nearly all the Constitutions of the ditfer- 
eut States of tlie I'nion. It is in regard to 
the intermixing of dillerent laws in one and 
the same act, and is as follows: " You are 
also, as nuich as possible, to observe in the 
passing of all Laws, that whatever may be 
requisite upon each ditftu'cut matter, be ac- 
cordingly ])rovided for l)y a diiferent Law 
without intermixing in one and the same 
Act such Tilings as have no proper Relation 
to each other ; and you are especially to take 
care that no Clause or Clauses be inserted in 
or annexed to any act which shall be foreign to 
what the Title of such respective Act imports." 



THE BENCH AND BAR. 



197 



The provi.'^ion ol' the Constitution of 1844 
is evidently taken from the foregoing. It 
is in these words : " To avoid improper 
intluenoes which may result from intermix- 
ing in one and the same aet such things as 
have DO relation to each other, every law 
shall embrace but one object, and that shall 
be expressed in the title." 

In the matter of erecting courts or offices 
of judicature, it is curious that the com- 
mission of the Governor and his instructions 
siiould be so much at variance. In the 
instructions he is commanded as follows: 
" You shall not erect any Court or Office of 
.ludicature, not before erected or established, 
witliout our especial Order." In his com- 
mission, on the other hand, we find as fol- 
lows : " And do further give and grant unto 
you full Power and Authority, with the 
Advice and Con.sent of our said Council, to 
erect, con.stitute and e.stabli.sh such and so 
many Courts of Judicature and Public Jus- 
tice within our .said Province under your 
Government as you and they shall think tit 
and necessary for the hearing and determin- 
ing of all Causes as well Criminal as Civil, 
according to Law and Enuity, and for 
awarding execution thereupon with all 
reasonable and neces.sary Powers, Authorities, 
Fees, and Privileges belonging unto them.'' 

Bv virtue, then, of his commission, which 
conferred upon him and his C'ouncil powers 
hitiierto enjoyed by the General AsKend)ly, 
the (lovernor promulgated in 1704 the first 
'■ ( )rdinancc of I'jstablishing Courts of Judi- 
cature," whiili really forms the foundation 
of tlie wiiolc judicial system of New Jer.sey. 
"All that has been done from tliat day to 
tiiis," .says Judge Field in his discourse be- 
fore mentioned, " has been to fill up, as it 
were, the outlines which he sketched ; to add 
some additional apartments to the judicial 
edifice which he constructed." 

This ordinance, which was, perhaps, un- 
known, certainly unnoticed, not only i)y the 
iiistorians of New Jersey, but by those who 



have written upon its courts of justice, is .so 
interesting that it is here given in full, as it 
appears in the appendix to Judge Field's 
discourse, where it was printed for the first 
time since its publication in 1704, — 

An Ordinance for Establishino CoirRTs of 
Judicature. 

Whereaji, her most Sacred Majesty, Anne, by the 
Grace of God, Queen of England, Scotland, France 
and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c., by her 
Royal Letters Patents, bearing date the fifth day of 
December, in the first year of Her Majesty's 
Reign, did, among other things therein mentioned, 
give and grant unto his Excellency, Edward Vis- 
count Cornbury, Captain-General and Governour-- 
in-Chief in and over the Province of Nova C'asarea, 
or New Jersey, &c., full Power and Authority, 
with the Advice and Consent of her Majesty's 
Council of the said Province, to erect, constitute 
and establish such and so m.any Courts of Judica- 
ture and public Justice within the said Province 
and Territories depending thereon, as his said 
Excellency and C'ouncil shall think fit and neces- 
sary, for the Hearing and Determining of all 
Causes, as well Criminal as Civil, according to 
Law and Equity, and for awarding Execution 
thereupon, with all necessary Powers, Authorities, 
Fees and Privileges belonging to them. 

His Excellency, the Governour, by and with 
the advice and Consent of her Majesty's Council, 
and \>y Virtue of the Powers and Authorities 
derived unto him by her said Majesty's Letters 
Patents, doth by these Presents Ordain, and it i.i 
hereby Ordained by the Authority aforesaid, That 
every Justice of the Peace that resides within any 
Town or County within this Province, is by these 
Presents fully empowered and authorized to have 
Cognizance of all Causes or Ca.ses of Debt and 
Ties|)asses, to the Value of Forty ^Shillings, or 
under ; which Causes or Cases of Debt and Tres- 
passes, to the value of Forty Shillings or under, 
shall and may be Heard, Try'd and finally Deter- 
mined without a Jury, by every .lustice of the 
Peace residing, as aforesaid. 

The Process of Warning against a Free-holder or 
luhabitant shall be by Summons under the Hand 
of the Justice, directed to the Constable of the 
Town or Precinct, or to any deputed by him, where 
the parly complained against docs live or reside; 
which Summons being personally served or left at 
the Defendant's House, or his place of Abode, lour 
daysbefore the hearing of the Plaint, shall be sufli- 
cient Authority to and for the said Justice to proceed 



198 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



to hear such Cause or Causes and Determine the 
game in the Defendant's absence, and to grant 
Execution thereupon against the Defendant's 
Person, or for want thereof, his Goods and Chatties, 
which the Constable, or his Deputy, of that Town 
or Precinct, shall and may serve, unless some 
reasonable excuse for the Parties absence appear 
to the Justice. 

And the Process against an Itinerant Person, 
Inmate or Foreigntr shall be by Warrant from any 
one Justice of the Peace, to be served by any 
Constable, or his Deputy, within that County, 
who shall by Virtue thereof arrest the Party, and 
him safely keep till he be carried before the said 
Justice of the Peace, who shall and may imme- 
diately hear, try and finally determine of all such 
Causes and Cases of Debt and Trespass, to the 
Value of Forty Shillings, or under, by avvai-ding 
Judgment and Execution ; and if payment be not 
immediately made, the Constable is to deliver tlie 
Party to the Slierifi", who is hereby required to 
take him into Custody, and him safely keep till 
payment be made of the same, with charges ; 
Always Provided, That an Appeal to the Justices 
at the next Court of Ses.sions held for this said 
County, shall be allowed for any sum upwards of 
Twenty Shillings. 

And his said Excellency, by the advice and 
consent aforesaid, doth by these Presents further 
Ordain, That there shall be kept and holden a 
Court of Common Pleas in each respective County 
within this Province, which shall be holden in 
each County at such place where the General 
Court of Sessions is usually held and kept, to 
begin immediately after the Sessions of the Peace 
does end and terminate, and then to hold and con- 
tinue as long as there is any business, not exceed- 
ing three days. 

And the several and resjiective Courts of Pleas 
hereby established shall have power and .Furisdic- 
tion to hear, try and finally determine all actions, 
and all Matters and Thing3^ Tryable at Common 
Law, of what nature or kind soever. Provided 
always, and it is hereby Ordained, That there may, 
and shall be an Api)eal or Removal by /lalicas 
(Jorpus, or any other lawful Writ, of any I'er.son 
or any Action or Suit depending, and of Judg- 
ment or Execution that shall be determined in 
the said respective Courts of Pleas, u|)wards of 
Ten Pounds, and of any Action or Suit wherein 
the Uiglit or Title of, in or to any Land, or any- 
thing relating thereto, shall lie brought into Dis- 
pute upon Tryal. 

And it is further Ordained by the Authority afore- 
said, That the General Sessions of the Peace shall 



be held in each respective County within this 
Province, at the Times and Places hereafter 
mentioned, that is to say: 

For the County of Middlesex-, at Amboy, the third 
Tuesdays in February, May and August; and the 
fourth Tuesday in November. 

For the County of Bergen, at Bergen, the first 
Tuesdays in February, May and August ; &nd the 
second Tuesday in November. 

For the County of Essex, at Newark, the second 
Tuesdays of February, May and August ; and the 
third Tuesday in November. 

For the County of Monmouth, at Shrewsbury, the 
fourth Tuesdays in February, May and August; 
and the first Tuesday in December. 

For the County of Burlington, at Burlington, 
the first Tuesdays in March, June and September ; 
and the second Tuesday in December. 

For the County of Gloucester, the second Tues- 
days in March, June and September ; and the third 
Tuesday in December. 

For the County of Salem, at Salem, the third 
Tuesdays in March, Jtine and September ; and the 
fourth Tuesday in December. 

For the County of Cape May, at the house of 
Shamger Hand, the fourth Tuesdays in March, 
June and September, and the first Tuesday in Jan- 
uary. Which General Sessions of the Peace in 
each respective County aforesaid shall hold and 
continue for any term not exceeding two days. 

And be it further Ordained by the Authority afore- 
said, That there shall be held and kept at the 
Cities or Towns of Perth Amboy and Burlington 
alternately a Supream Court of Judicature, which 
Supream Court is hereby fully impowered to 
have cognizance of all Pleas, Civil, Criminal 
and Mixt as fully and amply, to all intents and 
purposes whatsoever, as the Courts of (Queen's 
flench. Common Pleas and Exchequer within her 
Majesty's Kingdom of England have or ought to 
have, in and to which Supream Court all and 
every Per.son and Persons whatsoever shall and 
may, if they .see meet, commence any Action or 
Suit, the Debt or Damage laid in such Action 
or Suit being upwards of Ten Pounds, and shall 
or may by Certiorari, Habeas Corpus, or any other 
lawful Writ, remove out of any of the respective 
Courts of Sessions of the Peace or Common Pleas, 
any information or Indictment there depending, 
orjudgmi-nt thereupon given or to be given in any 
Criminal Matter whatsoever cognizable before 
them, or any of them, as also all Actions, Pleas or 
Suits, real, personal or mixt, depending in any of 
the said Courts, and all Judgments thereupon 
given, or to be given. Provided Always, T^hat the 



THE BENCH AND BAR. 



Action, or Suit, depending, or Judgment given Ije 
upwards of the Value of Ten Pounds, or that the 
Action, or Suit, there depending or determined, 
be concerning the Eight or Title of any Free-hold. 
And out of the ottice of which Siiprcam (hurl at 
Amboy and Burlington all process shall issue, 
under the Test of the Chief Justice of the said 
Court; unto which Office all Returns shall be 
made. Which Sujircani Court shall be holden at 
the Cities of Amboy and Burlington alternately, 
at Amboy on the first Tuesilai/ in Maij, and at Rur- 
liiic/lon on the first Tue.iday in November, annually, 
and every year; and each session of the said Court 
shall continue for any Term not exceeding five 
days. And one of the Justices of the said Suprram 
Court shall once in every year, if need shall so 
require, go the Circuit, and hold and keep the said 
Siipream Court, for the County of Berr/ni at fter- 
f/rii, on the third Tutsday in Ajiril. For the 
('iiunty oi EMex at Newark, on the fourth Tuesday 
in April. For the County of JMoiimoutli at 
Shrfwsbury, the second Tuesday in JIay. For 
the County of Glouceatrr at Gloufi'ster, the thii'd 
Tuesday in May. For the County of Salem at 
Salem, the fourth Tuesday in May. For the 
County of Cape May, at Shamger Hands, the first 
Tuesday in June. Which Justice, when he goes 
the Circuit, shall in each respective County be 
assisted by two or more J ustices of the Peace dur- 
ing the time of two days, whilst the Court, in the 
Circuit, is sitting, and no longer. 

And His further Ordained by the Authority afore- 
8aid, That all and every of the Justices or Judges of 
the several Courts afore-mentioned, be, and are 
hereby sufficiently Impowered and Authorized to 
make, ordain and establish all such Rules and 
Orders, for the more regular practising and pro- 
ceeding in the said Courts, as fully and amply, to 
all intents and purposes whatsoever, as all or any 
of the Judges of the several Courts, of the Quern's 
Bench, Common Pleas and E.rrhnjiirr, in Km/land, 
legally do. 

And if iif further Ordained by the Authority afore- 
said, that no Person's Right of Property shall be, 
by any of the aforesaid Courts, Determined, ex- 
cept where matters of Fact are either ac'knowl- 
edged by the Parties, or Judgment confessed, or 
passelh, by the Defendant's fault for want of 
Plea or Answer, unless the Fact be found by 
Verdict of Twelve Men of that Neighbourhood, as 
it ought to be done by Law. 

CORNBURY. 

A Cimrt of Chancery always existed in 
the State of New Jersey, although its powers 



were not at first vested in a single piM'son. 
During the pro[)rietary governtuent the 
Court of Common Rights exercised ( 'hancery 
powers and was virtually the Court of 
Ciuuiceiy until KJitS. iSubsequi'nt to that 
time, until 1705, this court was uinlouhtedly 
held by the Governor and ('ouncil, and after 
1705 its authority was vesteil in llie (ioNci- 
nor, or Lieutenant-Governor, and three 
members of the (Council. In 17 IS Gov- 
ernor Hunter assumed the office of ciiau- 
(iellor, and continued to exercise its authority 
until his resignation, in 1720. Although 
this act of (iovernor Hunter was condi'mned 
by the people as an iniauthori/.ed assumption 
of power, it received the approval of the 
King's government, and was adopted Ijy his 
successor, Governor Burnet, who took especial 
delight in his duties as chancellor. Three 
vears after the advent of Governor Franklin 
an effort was made by him (1768) to secure 
such action on the part of the Council and 
General Assembly as would i)lace tlie Court 
of Chancery on a better footing. He 
called for a master of the rolls, a mas- 
ter in Chancery for one division of the 
province, two Masters in Chancery for the 
other division and a sergeant-at-arms in 
each division. But the General Assembly 
caring little for the Court of Clianeery, paid 
no further attention to the Governor's re- 

(jUCSt. 

Two years afterwards the (iovernor took 
ihe matter in his own hands, and, by virtue 
of the powers conferred iii)on him by his 
commi.ssiou, with the advice and consent of 
the Council, he adopted an ordinance c(jn- 
cerning the Court of (Jhancery, by which he 
appointed and commissioned such masters, 
clerks, examiners, registers and other neces- 
sary officers as were needed in the court. 
There were no essential changes made in the 
provisions of this ordinance, even by the Con- 
stitution of July, 1776, which also united 
the offices of Governor and chancellor, and 
this union continued until the adoption of the 



200 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



present Constitution, which separated these 
two offices and allowed a (Jovernor to be 
chosen from any of the professions or voca- 
tions of life. 

There is no evidence tliat, [)rior to ilti'.], 
any previous term of study was re(|uired as a 
qualification for admission to the bar. In 
that year, during the administration of Gov- 
ernor Cosby, it is said by Judge Field, in his 
work already (pioted, " that it was provided by 
an act of Assembly that no person should 
be permitted to practice as an attorney-at- 
law but such as had served an ap})renticesliip 
of at least seven years with some able attor- 
ney licensed to practice, or had ])ursued the 
study of law for at least four years after com- 
ing of full age." If any such law was at 
that time passed it was no longer in force in 
1752, as it does not appear in " Nevill's 
Laws," published in that year. The provis- 
ion referred to by Judge Field was probably 
contained in the act entitled, " An Act for the 
better Enforcing an Ordinance made for Fls- 
tablishing of Fees and for Regulating the 
Practice of the Law," which was disallowed 
by the King in Council April :i, 1735. 
Whatever has been ilone since that time to 
keep " persons of mean parts and slender at- 
tainments " out of the profession has been 
done not by acts of the Legislature, but by 
the rules of the Supreme Court. 

The lawyers of New Jer.sey were the first 
among all the inhabitants of the American 
colonics to resist systematically those oppres- 
sive measures on the part of England which 
led to the Declaration of Independence and 
the War of the Revolution. The first of the 
most odious of these measures was the Stamp 
Act, which was passed by the British Parlia- 
ment March 22, ]7()5. Before the stamps 
had yet arrived from Kngland the members 
of the bar, at the September 'lY-rni of the Su- 
preme Court (17()5), held at Ainboy, met and 
resolved inianimously that they would not 
use the stamps under any circumstances or 
for any purpose whatsoever. When, at 



length, the stamps arrived, the lawyers re- 
fused to purchase them, and, as a matter of 
course, the courts of justice were all closed 
throughout New Jersey, (treat inconven- 
ience and great dissatisfaction was the result, 
not only in New Jersey, but in other colonies 
where the example of the Jersey lawyers had 
been followed. The people c()mj)lained and 
societies were everywhere organized under 
the name of " S(ins of Lil)ertv,"' wlio urged 
the lawyers to go on with their business 
without the use of stamps. ( )f the lawyers, 
some were in favor of so doing and others 
were o[)posed. A general meeting of the 
bar was now called and held in New Bruns- 
wick, February 13, 1766, and hundreds of 
the Sons of Liberty were present to encour- 
age the lawyers to disregard this tyrannical 
act of Parliament, and to have the courts of 
justice once more opened. The result was 
that the meeting resolved that if the Stamp 
Act was not repealed by the 1st of April 
following, they would resume their practice 
as usual. The British government, not ig- 
norant of this bold stand taken by the law- 
yers of New Jersey, repealed the odious act 
before the day arrived when they would have 
bid Parliament defiance. 

Chief Justices of the Colonial Su- 
preme Court of New Jersey. — Under the 
first Constitution — that is, during the provin- 
cial period of our history — no such office ex- 
isted, nor wiis there any court corresponding 
exactly with tiie Supreme Court erected 
inidcr the ordinance promulgated by Lord 
Cornbury in 1704. It was under this ordi- 
nance that the office was created, and the first 
session of the Supreme Court of New Jersey 
was held at Burlington on tiic 7th day of 
November, 1740. On that day the first 
chief justice of New Jersey, Roger Mom- 
pesson, took his seat upon the bench, with 
William Pinhorne beside him as associate 
judge. Their commissions were read and 
the court then adjourned till the next dav, 
when the sherilf of Burlington County re- 



THE BENCH AND BAR 



201 



turned a grand jury, and a charge to them 
was delivered by the chief justice. 

The business of that session was, however, 
very light. Not even one indictment was 
found ; nor was there a single case ready for 
trial. Some gentlemen, nevertheless, had 
the courage to seek admission to the bar and 
were admitted. The court then adjourned to 
the first Tuesday of May succeeding. 

Chief Justices of New Jersey Durixg 
AND After the Kevolution. — After the 
adoption of the Constitution of 1776 consid- 
erable difficulty was experienced in organiz- 
ing the courts of the new State. The Leg- 
islature, in joint meeting, elected Richard 
Stockton, an eminent lawyer and patriot, as 
chief justice of the Supreme Court, but he 
declined the appointment. A few days af- 
terwards, September 4, 1776, the same body 
elected John De Hart to that high office, and 
although he accepted it, he finally declined 
to enter upon its duties. On the same day 
Samuel Tucker and Francis Hopkinson were 
elected associate justices. Mr. Hopkinson, 
who was at the time a delegate to the Con- 
tinental Congress, declined ; but Mr. Tucker 
accepted, and taking the oath of office, held 
a term of court in November following. The 
regular terms of the court just prior to this 
time having been interrupted, acts of Assem • 
bly were passed reviving and continuing the 
process and [)roceedings depending therein. 
Mr. Tucker did not continue long upon the 
bench. A difficulty arose between him and 
Governor liivingstone in regard to the dis- 
appearance of a large amount of ))aper cur- 
rency and other property in Mr. Tucker's 
custody a-s State treasurer. Mr. Tucker's 
allegation that he had been robbed of it by 
a party of British horsemen, who had taken 
him prisoner, was disputed by (Jovernor Liv- 
ingstone and thereupon Mr. Tucker re- 
signed his commission. 

Associate Justices of tiik Supreme 
Court. — The Constitution of New Jersey 
adopted July 2, 1776, makes no mention of 

26 



the Supreme Court except to declare that 
" The Judge.s of the Supreme Court shall 
continue in office for seven years." Who 
these judges might be, or how many, does 
not appear and is not provided for. It is 
true that this Constitution provides : " Sec- 
tion XXL That all the laws of this province 
contained in the edition lately published by 
Mr. Allison (January 1, 1776) shall be and 
remain in full force, until altered by the Leg- 
islature of this colony (such only excepted 
as are incompatible with this charter), and 
shall be, according as heretofore, regarded in 
all respects by all civil officers and others, 
the good people of this province." What 
appears to be the first act passed by tlie first 
Legislature under the Constitution is as fol- 
lows : " Be it therefore enacted by the Coun- 
cil and General Assembly of this State, 
and it is hereby enacted by the authority of 
the same, that the several Courts of Law 
and Equity of this State shall be confirmed 
and established and continued to be held 
with like powers under the present govern- 
ment as they were held at and before the Dec- 
laration of Independence lately made by the 
honorable the Continental Congress." 

There can be but little doubt that between 
October 2, 1704, and November 6, 170n, the 
Supreme Court was composed of a chief 
justice and one associate justice, Mompes- 
son and Pinhorne. Judge Field, in his 
" Provincial Courts of New Jersey," savs 
that they "were the only judges during the 
administration of Lord Cornburv." These 
two gentlemen were certainly on the bench 
during all that period, which terminated in 
1708 ; but the records of the Supreme Court 
show that on November 6, 1705, two asso- 
ciate judges were appointed, and that on 
November 6, 1706, another associate jus- 
tice was appointed, showing that the luuidier 
of justices was not confined to two. To what 
number the judges composing the Supreme 
Court were limited does not appear in the 
ordinance of Cornburv of 1704, nor in the 



202 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



ordinance of Hunter, of 1714, nor in the 
ordinance of Burnet, of 1724, 172;") and 
1728. That this court was limited to a 
chief justice and two associates until 1798 
cannot be doubted. In that year it was made, 
by an act of the General Assembly, to con- 
sist of a chief justice and three associate 
justices. On the 10th of March, 1806, this 
act was repealed and the numlier of associate 
justices was reduced to two. In 1838 the 
number was increased to four, in 1855 it 
was increased to six, and in 1 875 to eight. 

The first division of the territory of West 
New Jersey was into that of two counties— 
Salem and Burlington, — but the people about 
Arwamaumas (Gloucester) and the adjacent 
territory, feeling that the courts and offices 
were so far away, assembled themselves at 
Gloucester (May 28, 1686) and established 
the County of Gloucester, to consist of the 
third and fourth tenths, and extending from 
Pensaukin Creek to Oldmans Creek. In 
1694 this action of the inhabitants received 
legislative sanction and the same boundaries 
were established. In 1844 the third tentli 
(with the addition of Washington township) 
was erected into the County of Camden ; but 
as the townships of Washington and Monroe 
have since been annexed to Gloucester County 
the third or Irish tenth now constitutes Cam- 
den County. 

The Courts of Camden County. — The 
early courts of old Gloucester County, which 
of course had jurisdiction over the territory 
now included in Camden, are described on 
page ,31, e< sequiter, of this volume. The first 
court held in ('amden County appears to 
have been the March Term of the Oyer and 
Terminer, 1845, and the following is the first 
entry upon the record : 

" Oamdeii Oyer & Terminer, So:. 

" March Term, 1S4.'). 
" Tuesday, March 25, Court met at 10 a.m. 
" Present, — 

" The lion. Thomas P. Carpenter as judge, Isaac 
Cole, James W. Sloan, Joseph C. Collins, Joseph 



C. Stafford, Nathan M. Lippincott, William Brown, 
Joel Wood & others, .Tudges. 

" After the usual proclamation court was 
opened. The Grand jury being called, the follow- 
ing persons appeared and were duly qualitipd, 
viz. : 
" Isaac H. Porter. John Gill. 

Edmund Brewer. Joshua P. Browning. 

James W. Lamb. Ebenezer Toole. 

Alexander Cooper. Joseph J. Smallwood. 

.Toel Bodine. Edward P. Andrews. 

Isaac Adams. .lames Jennett. 

Gerrard Wood. David E. Marshall. 

John M. Kaighn. Henry Allen. 

Joseph G. Shinn. William Corkery. 

.Tohn D. Glover. .lames D. Dotterer. 

.Toseph H. Coles. Christopher Sickler. 

" And being charged by .Judge Carpenter, they 
retired to their chamber with Samuel C. Fox 
and John Lawrence, Constables, to attend them.'' 

The first cause tried in the Court of Oyer 
and Terminer was The State />•. Charles 
May, Benjamin Jenkins and Edward Jen- 
kins, an indictment for a.«sault and battery 
on Isaac Shrive. The attorney-general ap- 
peared for the prosecution and Thomas W. 
Mulford for the defendants. Tlie suit re- 
sulted in the conviction of the defendants. 
The jury in this case consisted of Mark Bur- 
rough, Enoch Tomlin, James G. Capeweli, 
John Stafford, Elias Campbell, Azall M. 
Roberts, William J. Hatch, Josiah H. Tice, 
Alexander Wolohon, Daniel Albertson, 
Aaron Middleton and Charles Wilson. 

In the Court of (.Quarter Sessions, the No- 
vember Term, 184.5, was the fir.xt court ; 
opened at half-past nine o'clock on the lOtli 
of the month ; present, Isaac Cole, presiding, 
James W. Sloan, Jo.seph C. (^ollins, >;atlian 
M. Lippincott, Joel Wood, Joshua Sickler 
and William Brown, lay judges. The first 
case brought was tlie State r.s. William Cox, 
for a.ssault and battery on William Hugg. 
Abraham Browning Esq., appeared as attor- 
ney-general for the State and James B. Hay- 
ton, Esq., for the defendant. The jury was 
comj)osed of the following persons, viz.: 
Joseph Warner, Isaac H. Tomlinsou, John 
A. Ware, Joseph K. Rogers, Joseph Barrett, 



THK bp:xch and bar. 



203 



Jolin Xewtoii, Jacob Haiiios, James Dobbs, 
C'lialkley Haines, Kaiidall Nicholson, Jacob 
Middleton, William Waiinan. They found 
the defendant not guilty. 

The records of the Circuit Court prior to 
1852 have been lost, and hence the exact 
date of its first session cannot be given, but 
one was doubtless held in 1845. 

Tiie present Court of Errors and Appeals, 
the last resort in all causes in New Jersey, 
was created by the new Constitution in 1844. 
It is composed of the chancellor, the justices 
of the Supreme Court an<l six other judges 
specially appointed for that t'ourt, who are 
usually lavmen. John Clement, of Haddon- 
tield, Camden County, has been a lay mem- 
ber of this (tourt since the year 18(34, when 
he was first appointed. 

The Supreme Court is composed of nine 
justices, and the State is divided into the 
same number of judicial districts, allotted 
among the several justices. Camden County 
is in the Second District, at this time pre- 
sided over by Justice Joel Parker. Each 
Supreme Court justice is sole judge of the 
Circuit Court and ex-officio presiding judge 
of all the other County Courts in his dis- 
trict. 

The Inferior Court of Common Pleas is 
presided over by the law judge appointetl 
for the county exclusive of the justices ot' 
the Supreme Court. Prior to the adoption 
of the new Constitution there was no limit 
to the uiuuber of judges appointed for 
the C^ourt of Common Pleas, and in some 
counties they luunbered thirty or more 
judges not learned in the law, any one 
of whom alone could hold the court. But 
Sec. G of Art. VI of the new Constitution 
provided tliat there should be no more than 
five judges of this court, aud in 1855 the Leg- 
islature fixed the number exclusive of the 
justice of the Supreme Court at three. 

The Court of Oyer and Terminer is com- 
posed of the justice of the Supreme Court 
and one or more of the judges of the Court 



of Common Pleas. It cannot be held with- 
out the justice of the Supreme Court. The 
Court of General Quarter Sessions of the 
I'eace is composed of two or more of the 
judges of the Court of Common Pleas and 
does not require the presence of the Supreme 
r\nirt justice. 

The Orphans Court may be held by any 
two judges of the C'ourt of Common IMeas. 

Formerly all the county judges, excepting 
the justices of the Su])reme Court, were lay- 
men, and it was then the practice of such 
justicesto preside in all the County Courtsin 
all cases except some of the least import- 
ance. 

March 9, 18(39, the Legislature passed an 
act entitled, " An Act to facilitate Judicial 
proceedings in the county of Camden," em- 
powering any two judges of the Court of 
Common Pleas to try all persons charged 
with offenses (excepting a few of the highest) 
who were willing to forego the right of in- 
dictment and trial by jury. At the time of 
the enactment Asa P. Horner, a farmer of 
Camden County, was the .senior lay judge of 
the Court of Common Pleas of Camden 
County, and to him fell the duty of com- 
mencing the work of the special sessions 
without the intervention of the jury, and for 
several years a very brisk business was done 
in the new special court which had do 
regular terms, but was called to sit whenever 
the prosecutor of tlie pleas had enough per- 
sons charged with offenses willing to be tried 
by the court without a jury, to justify it, 
which was quite frequent. 

The business of the several County Courts 
increased to such an extent that in 1872 a 
supplement was passed to the act of 1869, 
providing that one of the three judges of the 
Court of Common Pleas of Camden County 
should be a counselor-at-law, and since that 
date Camden County has had a special law 
judge to preside in the Courts of Common 
Pleas, the Orphans Court aud the General 
and Special Courts of (c^uarter Sessions of 



204 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



the Peace. And now the Supreme Court 
justice seldom sits iu any Camden County 
court except the Circuit Court and in the 
Court of Oyer and Terminer, in which he is 
required to sit for the trial of treason and 
criminal homicide cases, which cannot be 
tried in the Quarter Sessions. 

The District Court of the City of Camden 
was created by an act of the Legislature 
pas.sed March 9, 1877, entitled, " An act for 
constituting courts in certain cities of this 
State." This court was given exclusive jur- 
isdiction in all civil causes prior to its crea- 
tion cognizable before justices o{ the peace. 
Richard T. Miller was appointed as the first 
judge of this court and on the expiration of 
the first term was reappointed. 

JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT. 

Thomas P. Carpenter 1845-1852 

Stacy G. Potts 1852-1859 

John Van Dyke 1859-1866 

George S. Woodhull 186C-1880 

Joel Parker 1880-1887 

PRESIDENT LAW JUDGES. 

Charles P. Stratton 1872-1877 

David J. Pancoast 1877-1882 

Charles T. Reed 1882-1885 

John W. Westcott 1885- 

Lay Judges. — Following is a list of the 

lay judges from the organization of the 

county to 1886 : 

1844.— Isaac Cole, Jauies W. Sloan, Joseph C. 
Collings, Joseph C. Stafford, Nathan M. Lippin- 
cott, William Brown, Joel Wood, John K. Cow- 
perthwaite, Joel G. Clark, Joshua Sickler. 

1846. — Richard Stafford, Isaac Doughten, Philip 
J. Grey. 

1847. — Jesse Smith. 

1848. — Richard W. Suowden, Jesse Peter.sou, 
Charles H. French. 

1849.— James W. Lamb. 

1850. — Philip J. Grey, Benjamin W. Cooper, 
Richard W. Suowden , Jesse Peterson, James W. 
Lamb. 

1851. — Philip J. Grey, Richard W. Suowden, 
Jesse Peterson, Benjamin W. Cooper, John K. 
Cowperthwaite. 

1852. — Jesse Peterson, Philip J. Grey, Ben- 
jamin W. Cooper, John K. Cowperthwaite, William 
Brown. 



1853. — Philip J. Grey, Benjamin W. Cooper, 
John K. Cowperthwaite, William Brown, .loseph 
C. Stafford. 

1854. — Philip J. Grey, John K. Cow|)erthwaite, 
William Brown, Joseph C. Stafford, .lohn Clem- 
ent, Jr. 

1855. — John K. Cowperthwaite, Joseph C. Staf- 
ford, John Clement, Jr. 

1856. — John K. Cowperthwaite, Joseph C. Staf- 
ford, John Clement, Jr. 

1857. — John K. Cowperthwaite, Joseph C. Staf- 
ford, John Clement, Jr. 

1858. — John K. Cowperthwaite, John Clement, 
Jr., James D. Dotterer. 

1859. — John K. Cowperthwaite, James D. Dot- 
terer, Joseph B. Tatem. 

1860. — John K. Cowperthwaite, James D. Dot- 
terer, Joseph B. Tatem. 

1861. — John K. Cowperthwaite, James D. Dot- 
erer, John Clement. 

1862. — John K. Cowperthwaite, James D. Dot- 
terer, John Clement. 

1863.— John K. Cowperthwaite, James D. Dot- 
terer, John Clement. 

1864. — John K. Cowperthwaite, James D. Dot- 
terer, Joel Horner. 

1865. — John K. Cowperthwaite, James D. Dot- 
terer, Joel Horner. 

1866.— John K. Cowperthwaite, James D. Dot- 
terer, Joel Horner. 

1867. — James D. Dotterer, Joel Horner, Ralph 
Lee. 

1868-72.— Joel Horner, Ralph Lee, Joshua 
Sickler. 

1872. — Joshua Sickler, Asa P. Horner. 

1878-76.— Asa P. Horner, Joseph B. Tatem. 

1877. — Joseph B. Tatem, Joel Horner. 

1878-84. — Joel Horner, Isaiah Woolston. 

1884-86.— Isaiah Woolston, John Gaunt. 

PROSECUTORS OF THE PLEAS. 

Abraham Browning 1844-1849 

Edward N. Jeffers,' 1849-1852 

Thomas W. Mulford 1854-1859 

George M. Robeson 1859-1864 

Richard S. Jenkins 1864-1884 

Wilson H. Jenkins 1884- 

I.IST OF ATTORNEYS. 

Oateij of adiuitHiou. 

William N. Jeffers November, 1814 

Thoma.s Clhapman November, 1815 

Jeremiah H. Sloan February, 1821 

Morris Croxall September, 1821 

1 EJivaid X. Jeltors died iu 1652, and the cuuutj waawilliuula 
prosecutor uutil 1864. 



THE BENCH AND HAK. 



205 



Richard W. Howell September, 1827 

Robert K. Matlaek November, 1827 

Abraham Browning September, 1834 

William D. Cooper February, 1841 

Morris R. Hamilton September, 1842 

Thomas W. Mulford November, 1843 

James B. Dayton September, 1844 

Thomas H. Dudley May, 184r. 

Isaac Mickle May, 184r> 

Charles H. Hollinshead April, 184iJ 

Daniel E. Hough July, 1849 

Alfred Hugg October, 1849 

Charles W. Kinsey October, 1849 

Isaac W. Mickle.. January, 1850 

Philip H. Mulford January, 1851 

Peter L. Voorhees November, 1851 

Charles P. Stratton November, 1851 

George M. Robeson February, 1854 

Richard S. Jenkins November, 1855 

Lindley H. Miller November, 1855 

Marmaduke B. Taylor November, 185ti 

James M. Scovel November, 1856 

Alden C. Scovel November, 1856 

Gilbert G. Hannah February, 1857 

Philip 8. Scovel February, 1857 

Samuel H. Grey November, 1857 

Jacob Mulford June, 1858 

John T. F. Peak November, 1861 

Caleb D. Shreve November, 1861 

Benjamin D. Shreve 1862 

George W. Gilbert February, 1863 

Samuel C. Cooper February, 1863 

Joshua L. Howell November, 1863 

Charles T. Reed June, 1865 

Charles S. Howell June, 1865 

J. Eugene Troth June, 1866 

Martin V. Bergen November, 1866 

Christopher A. Bergen November, 1866 

George F. Fort November, 1866 

Robert M. Browning November, 1867 

Howard M. Cooper November, 1867 

Richard T. Miller November, 1867 

David J. Pancoast November, 1868 

Samuel Davies February, 1869 

James P. Young November, 1869 

George N. Con row November, 1870 

Alfred Flanders February, 1871 

Herbert A. Drake June, 1871 

James E. Hayes November, 1871 

John W. Wright 1871 

Robert F.Stockton, Jr February, 1872 

James H. Carpenter November, 1872 

Wilson H. Jenkins February, 1873 

John H. Fort June, 1873 

John F. Joline November, 1873 



Thomas B. Harned June, 

C. V. D. Joline June, 

Edward Dudley November, 

Alexander Gray February, 

John T. Woodhull February, 

William C. Dayton February, 

Thomas E. French February, 

Peter V. Vorhees June, 

John K. R. Hewitt June, 

Samuel D. Bergen June, 

Augustus F. Richter November, 

Joseph W. Morgan November, 

Samuel W. Sparks November, 

John C. Ten Eyck, Jr June, 

Timothy J. Middleton June, 

Lemuel J. Potts June, 

John W. Westcott June, 

Charles G. Garrison November, 

William S. Hotlman November, 

Henry A. Scovel February, 

William S. Casselman June, 

Jonas S. Miller June, 

Franklin C. Woolman June, 

Karl Langlotz June, 

Edward A. Armstrong February, 

Samuel K. Robbins June, 

John L. Semple November, 

Samuel P. Jones November, 

Edmund B. Leaming February, 

John J. Crandall February, 

Floranc F. Hogate February, 

John J. Walsh June, 

John Harris June, 

Henry M. Snyder June, 

Benjamin F. H. Shreve June, 

Charles I. Wooster June, 

William W. Woodhull June, 

Alfred L. Black November, 

Howard J. Stanger June, 

John W. Wartman June, 

Howard Carrow June, 

Edmund E. Read, Jr June, 

Samuel W. Beldon June, 

John F. Harned November, 

Edward H. Saunders November, 

Joseph R. Taylor November, 

Thomas P. Curley November, 

Robert C. Hutchinson February, 

Walter P. Blackwood February, 

Richard S. Ridgway November, 

Israel Roberts November, 

George Reynolds February, 

Samuel N. Shreve February, 

Ulysses G. Styron ..February, 

L. D. Howard Gilmour February, 



874 
874 
874 
875 
875 
875 
876 
876 
876 
876 
876 
877 
877 
878 
878 
878 
878 
878 
878 
879 
879 
879 
879 
879 
880 



881 
881 
881 
881 
881 
881 



881 
881 
882 
882 
882 
882 
882 



882 
883 
883 
883 
883 
884 



206 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY. NEAV JERSEY 



George A. Vroom June, 1885 

Joshua E. Borton November, 1885 

William P. Fowler November, 1885 

Schuyler C. Woodhull February, 1886 

Pennington T. Hildreth June, 1886 

JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT. 

Thomas Pastor Carpenter was a lin- 
eal desceiKlant of Samuel Carpenter, promi- 
nent in the early history of Pennsylvania. 
He was born April 1 !), 1804, at Glassboro', 
New Jersey. 

His father, Edward Carpenter, was the 
owner of the glass-works at that place 
for many years, which he and Colonel Hes- 
tou, as the firm of Carpenter & Hcston, es- 
tablished. His mother was the daughter of 
Dr. James Stratton, a leading physician of 
his day at Swedesboro'. His father died 
when he was quite young and he grew to 
manhood in tiie family of his grandfather, at 
Carpenters Landing (now Mantua). After 
obtaining a liberal education he studied law 
under the instruction of Judge White, of 
Woodbury, and was admitted as an attorney 
in September, 1830. On October 26, 1838, 
he was appointed prosecutor of tlie pleas of 
Gloucester County and took a prominent 
part in several important trials. 

He soon won prominence at the bar and 
on February 5, 1845, he was appointed by 
Governor Stratton one of the associate jus- 
tices of tlie Supreme C^ourt of New Jersey, 
his circuit comprising Camden, Burlington 
and Gloucester Counties. On his retirement 
from the judgeship, after serving a term of 
seven years, he devoted himself to the prac- 
tice of his profession, i)rincipally as a coun- 
selor, and was eminently successful. 

At the breaking out of the Rebellion hr 
joined the Union League of Philadelphia, 
and daring the war was an ardent supporter 
of the Union cause. In 1865 he was active 
in promoting the success of the Sanitary Fair, 
occupying as he did the position of president 
of the New Jersey Department. Judge Car- 
penter married Rebecca, daughter of Dr. 



Samuel Hopkins, of Woodbury. He was an 
earnest Christian and in the church always 
held an honored position, being for many 
years vestryman, warden and deputy to the 
Diocesan and General Conventions of the 
Protestant Episcopal Church. 

He was not only an able lawyer, but was 
well versed in the cla.ssics and in general lit- 
erature. He M'as greatly respected through- 
out the State of New .Jersey, of which he 
was at the time of his death one of her best- 
known citizens. As a judge of the Supreme 
Court he was held in high esteem by his as- 
sociates and by the bar of the State for his 
ability, learning and for the uniform good 
judgment which he brought to the consider- 
ation of cases. In the counties where he 
presided at circuits, and which he visited 
during his term of office at regular periods, 
his genial manners and kindly intercourse 
with the people made him very popular. He 
died at his home in Camden March 20, 1876. 

By his marriage with Rebecca Hopkins, 
who still survives, he had four children, viz. : 
Susan M. Carpenter, Anna Stratton Carpen- 
ter (who died in December, 1869), Thomas 
Preston Carpenter (who died during infancy), 
and James H. Carpenter, now a member of 
the Camden bar. 

Stacy Gardiner Potts was born in Har- 
risburg. Pa., November, 1799. He was the 
great-grandson of Thomas Potts, a member 
of the Society of Friends, who, with Maii- 
lon Stacy and their kindred, emigrated from 
England in 1678, and landed at Burlington, 
N. J. The two families of Stacy and Potts 
intermarried. Stacy Pott.s, the grandfather 
of Judge Potts, was a tanner by trade and 
was engaged in that l)usiness at Trenton. 

His son removed to Harrisburg, and in 
I 791 married Miss Gardiner. Judge Potts 
entered the family of his grandfather in 
1808, who was then mayor of Trenton. He 
attended a Friends' school and then learned 
the printer's trade. At twenty-one he began 
to edit the Emporium, of Trenton. In 1827 



THE BENCH AND BAR. 



207 



he was admitted to tlie bar as an attfiriiey. 
He was elected to the Assembly in 1828 on 
the Jackson ticket, and was re-elected in 
1829. In 1831 he was appointed clerk of 
Chancery, held the office for ten years, and 
during that time published his " Precedents 
in Chancery." He next visited Europe with 
his brother, the Rev. William S. Potts, 
D. D., of St. Louis. In 1845 he served on a 
commission to revise the laws of the State. 
In 1847 he was appointed a manager of the 
State Lunatic Asylum. In 18.52 he was 
nominated by Governor Fort as a justice of 
the Supreme Court and was confirmed by the 
Senate. His circuit comprised Camden, 
Burlington, (lloucester and Ocean Counties. 
He served as judge one term of seven years 
with great acceptability and then retired to 
private life. He was a conscientious judge 
and a decidedly religious man, serving as a 
ruling elder in the Presljyteriau Church for 
many years. He died at his home in Tren- 
ton in 1865. 

John Van Dyke was born in New Jer- 
sey and obtained a thorough academical ed- 
ucation, studied law and was admitted to the 
bar in 1836. He commenced practice in 
New Brunswick and at once gained promi- 
nence in his profession. He was elected 
a Representative from New Jersey to the 
Thirtieth Congress in 1846 as a Whig, 
against Kirkpatrick, the Demo<Tatic oppo- 
nent. He was re-elected to the Thirty-first 
(^ongrcss, receiving seven thousand two hun- 
dred and eighty-two votes against six thou- 
sand six hundred and twenty-three for Bill- 
ian, Democrat, .serving in Congress from 
Pecember, 1S47, to March, 1851. He was 
appointed judge of the Supreme Court of 
New Jersey by Governor \\Mlliam A. New- 
ell, and assigned to the district compo.sed 
of Camden, (Jloucester and Burlington Coun- 
ties in February, 1859, and served one 
term of seven years, until I8(i(). He was a 
man of fine legal attainments and was recog- 
nized as a good judge. 



George Spofforp WooDHn.i., associate 
judge of the Supreme Court of New Jersey 
from 1866 to 1880, was born near Freehold, 
Monmouth County, in 1816, and died at his 
residence. No. 104 Arch Street, Camden, in 
1881. His grandfather, John Woodhull, 
D.D., was pastor of a church at Freehold for 
a period of forty years, and was a man of 
fine ability, excellent scholarship and noted 
piety. His father, John T. Woodhull, M.D., 
was a skillful physician of Monmouth 
County, and well known throughout the 
State. The early education of Judge Wood- 
hull was obtained in the schools of his n.i- 
tive place, and in 1830 he entered the Col- 
lege of New Jersey, at Princeton. By a.ssid- 
uous study and great natural endowments 
he completed the course in three years and 
was graduated in 1833. Desiring to take 
up the study of law, he began a course of 
reading under the direction of Ricliard S. 
Field, E.sq., of Princeton. In 1839 he was 
admitted to practice and three years later he 
bec^ame a counselor. He practiced his pro- 
fession at Freehold until 1850 when he re- 
moved to Mays Landing, and for fifteen 
vears was prosecutor of the pleas of Atlantic 
County. He has been credited with chang- 
ing the political complexion of Atlantic 
Countv during his residence in it. For ten 
vears of the time included above he was pros- 
ecutor of the pleas of Cape May County. In 
1866 he was appointed, by (xovernor Ward, 
'as an associate justice of the Supreme Court 
of New Jer.sey, and was assigned to the Sec- 
ond District, comprising the counties of Cam- 
den, Burlington and Gloucester. He soon 
gained the re])utation of being a fearless, u))- 
right and honest judge, and was (character- 
ized for superior legal attainments. He de- 
veloped so much strength and popularity as 
a judicial officer that, in 1873, Hon. Joel 
Parker, then Governor of New Jersey, 
though differing from Ju.stice Woodhull in 
politics, appointed him assistant justice fi)r 
another term of seven years, and he continued 



208 



HTPTOEY OF CAMDE.V COUNTY. NEW JERSEY. 



on the bench until 18S0. Diirinji; his long 
term of service as a judicial officer his rleci.s- 
ions were characterized bv fairness and great 
legal ability. 

Upon his retii'enient from the bench he 
resumed the practice of law in Camden, 
which he continued until his death. 

In April, 1847, Judge Woodhull was 
married to Caroline Mandiville Vroom, a 
niece of ex-Governor Vroom, by whom he 
had five children. He was a man of excel- 
lent standing in the State of New Jersey, 
possessing an exemplary character, and was 
highly honored and respected by the mem- 
bers of his profession as well as by all people 
with whom he was associated or by win mi 
he was known. 

Joel Parker, now one of the justices of 
the Supreme Court of New Jersey, was born 
November 24, 1816, near Freehold, Mon- 
mouth County, N. J. Both his parents were 
natives of that county. His father, Charles 
Parker, was a man of excellent business ca- 
pacity, and, at the time his son was born, was 
sheriff of the county, and subsequently he 
was a member of the Legislature, and in 1821 
was chosen treasurer of the State, an office 
which he held for thirteen years, througli 
annual appointments. In 1821 Charles 
Parker removed to Trenton with his family, 
and in that city Joel, his son, passed most of 
his childhood and youth, attending school at 
the old Trenton Academy. In 1832 Joel 
was sent to Monmouth County, to manage a 
farm belonging to his father, where he re- 
mained two years, doing all kinds of farming 
work and laying the foundation of a vigor- 
ous constitution, which, during a long life of 
busy toil, has enabled him to perform his 
onerous duties. In 18;M he quit farmitig 
and entered the Lawren(«ville High School, 
when! he remained two years. In 18;5() ho 
entered Princeton College, whence he was 
graduated in 18;U), and then entered the law- 
office of Hon. Henry W. Green, a distin- 
guisiied lawver in Trenton, afterwards chief 



justice, and later chancellor of the State. In 
184.3 Joel Parker, having been admitted to 
the bar, removed to Freehold and opened a 
law-office. He has since maintained his resi- 
dence there, and for forty years has lived in 
the same house. Within a year after he en- 
tered on the practice of his profession he 
married Maria M., eldest daughter of Samuel 
R. Gummere, then of Trenton, but formerly 
of Burlington, N. J. 

Joel Parker has always been a member of 
the Democratic party. In 184(1 he cast his 
first vote for Martin Van Buren for Presi- 
dent. In 1844 he commenced his career as 
a political speaker, in the Presidential cam- 
paign which resulted in the election of James 
K. Polk. From that time till his appoint- 
ment as justice his services on the stump 
were sought and given, not only thi'oughout 
this State, but in adjoining States. In 1847 
he was elected a member of the House of 
Assembly. The Whig party iiad a large 
majority in the House. Being the otdy law- 
yer on the Democratic side, he was forced 
into the leadership of the minority, espe- 
cially on all subjects of a legal or political 
bearing, and, although the youngest member 
of the body, he sustained his position with 
discretion and ability. He framed and intro- 
duced a series of reform measures, the most 
important of which was a bill to equalize tax- 
ation, by which, for the first time in the his- 
tory of the Stiite, personalty — such as notes, 
bonds, mortgages and money — were to be 
taxed. At that time taxes were assessed only 
on land and property, called certainties, such ■ 
as horses and (tattle, so that the farmers wei'e 
paying nearly all the faxes. This measure, 
advocated by Mr. Parker, was popular, and 
when his speech on tiie subject was ])ublish- 
ed, public attention was attracted to him as a 
rising man. .Vt the next gubernatorial elec- 
tion, in 1850, George F. Fort was elected ( Jov- 
ernor by the Democrats on a platform whicii 
had adopted those reform measures. In the 
following; vear Mr. I'arker declined being a 



THE BENCH AND BAE. 



209 



caudidate for State Senator (the nomination 
to which he was solicited to accept), because 
it would interfere with his law business, 
which was increasing. Soon after the in- 
auguration of Governor Fort he appointed 
Mr. Parker prosecutor of the pleas of the 
county of Monmouth. His duties growing 
out of this position brought him in contact 
and conflict with some of the ablest lawyers 
of the State. In the celebrated Donnelly 
case (which is the leading case on dying decla- 
rations) he was assisted by the Hon. Wil- 
liam L. Dayton, then attorney-general of the 
State, while the prisoner was defended by 
ex-(TOvernor William Pennington and Jo- 
seph P. Bradley, now a justice of the Su- 
preme Court of the United States. In 18(i(» 
Mr. Parker was chosen a Presidential elector, 
and voted in the Electoral College for Ste- 
jihen A. Douglas. 

From an early date he had taken an inter- 
est in military matters. Several years liefore 
the Civil War he had been chosen by the 
field officers of the Monmouth and Ocean 
Brigade a brigadier-general. Before hostili- 
ties began he had a fine brigade of uni- 
formed men, and he was accustomed, at 
stated periods, to drill them. After the com- 
mencement of the war Governor Olden (Re- 
publican) nominated General Parker to be 
tile major-general of militia for the Second 
Military District, composed of five counties. 
He was confirmed unanimously by the 
Senate, accepted the appointment and assist- 
ed in raising men for United States' service, 
to put down the Rebellion. He aided ma- 
terially in raising several regiments, princi- 
pally composed of men who had belonged to 
his brigade. In 1862 General Parker was 
nominated by the Democratic Convention as 
Governor of the State, and was elected over a 
very popular opponent by nearly fifteen thou- 
sand majority. He adhered, during his term, 
to the principle of the platform on which he 
was elected, to wit, — " The suppression of the 
Rebellion bv all constitutional means." 



He was very active in obtaining volunteers 
and in equipping them thoroughly for the 
field. By this promptness he won the good 
opinion of all loyal men and was thanked 
b}' telegram from President Lincoln and Sec- 
retary Stanton and Governor Curtin. In 
commendation of his course, he has received 
the appellation of "War Governor" of New 
Jersey. When the Confederate army invaded 
Pennsylvania in 1863, the national authori- 
ties and also Governor Curtin called on Gov- 
ernor Parker for troops to repel the invaders. 
He responded with such great alacrity as to 
bring forth from the Federal authorities 
thanks and commendation. (lovernor Cur- 
tin wrote, " Permit me to thank you for your 
prompt attention," and again on the 24th 
day of June, 1863, "I cannot close this com- 
munication without expressing to you the 
thanks of the people of Pennsylvania for 
your promptness in responding to our calls," 
and on the 30th of the same month President 
Lincoln sent to Governor Parker the follow- 
ing telegram : " Please accept my sincere 
thanks for what you have done and are doing 
to get troops forwarded." The next year, 
when the State of Maryland was invaded, 
(xdvernor Parker acted in the same spirit of 
promptness. The communication with Wash- 
ington was cut off by the enemy and a call 
could not officially be made upon him for 
troops, but he anticipated a call and sent 
troops forward in time to render valuable 
aid. At the close of his administration tlie 
State Gazette, the central organ of the Re- 
publican party in the State, used the follow- 
ing language, viz.: "Of the retiring Gover- 
nor it is proper to remark that in many re- 
spects he has discharged his duties in a man- 
ner beyond censure. He was nominated on 
a platform that pledged sup|)ort to the Ignited 
States government in the war for the sup- 
pression of the Rebellion, and he was faithful 
to the pledge he gave in acirepting the nomi- 
nation," and in the same article " efforts 
were made to induce him to resist the con- 



210 



HISTORY OF CA:MDEX COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



scription; he steadily refused to do this, but, 
on the contrary, made use of every effort to 
equip and send off the State's quota of troojis 
at the earliest possible day ; we regard it as 
fortunate that Mr. Parker was selected as the 
Democratic candidate for Governor in 1862." 
He was in office at the close of the war and 
under his guidance a hearty welcome, with a 
good dinner, was given to all returning regi- 
jnents by the State at the city of Trenton, 
before mustered out, — a fact which distin- 
guishes New Jersey from all her sister States. 
During the war the Governor had a large 
patronage. He had the power of appoint- 
ment of all officers in New Jersey regiments 
below the rank of general. These amounted 
to many hundreds, for imttle and disease 
made dire havoc of the noble soldiers. In 
all this vast patronage not an officer was ap- 
pointed or promoted for political reasons. 
The Governor acted on the principle that 
when a man took up arms and risked his life 
for his country on the battle-field, if he had 
earned and deserved promotion, he should be 
promoted without regard to his party predi- 
lection. 

At the close of his term of office Governor 
Parker resumed the practice of his profession, 
and for the next six years enjoyed a lucrative 
business. He was engaged in most of the 
cases of importance in Monmouth and the ad- 
joining counties. In 1871 he was again 
Dominated by the Democratic Convention for 
the office of Governor by acclamation, and 
was elected b)' a large majority, running sev- 
eral thousand votes ahead of his ticket. His 
second term was a very busy one, and al- 
though not so eventful as the first, yet had 
much to distinguish it. The militia of the 
State were placed on a permanent basis and 
vastly improved in discipline and efficiency. 
The General llailroad iiaw was passed, where- 
by monopoly was abolished, and tiie amciid- 
raents of the Constitution adopted. 

In 1868, Governor Parker received in the 
National Democratic Convention, held in 



New York, the unanimous vote of his State 
delegation for nomination a.s President of the 
United States, also the vote of two States on 
the Pacific slope ; and again in 1876, at St. 
Louis, he received the votes of the New Jer- 
sey delegation. In the year last named he 
was i)laced at the head of the Democratic 
electoral ticket, was elected and voted for 
Samuel J. Tilden in the Electoral College. 
At the close of his second term as (rovernor 
he was nominated by Governor Bedle (who 
succeeded him) as attorney general of the 
State. This office at that time had not been 
placed upon a pecimiary basis, that justified 
his retaining it, and he found that it inter- 
fered so nuK^li with his general business, that 
in a few months he resigned. 

In 1880, (ileneral McClellan, then Gover- 
nor of New Jersey, nominated ex-Governor 
Parker as a justice of the Supreme Court. 
He was confirmed, and in March of that year 
entered upon the duties of the office. He 
was assigned to the Second Judicial District, 
composed of the counties of Camden, Bur- 
lington and Gloucester. The district is a 
hard one, on account of the vast amount of 
legal business which i-equircs attention; but 
Judge Parker, by industry and devotion to 
business, by fairness and impartiality in look- 
ing at both sides of every case, and by his 
courtesy of manner to the members of the 
bar and to all who came in contact with him, 
has given great satisfaction and in his official 
position enjoyed the respect of the commu- 
nity. While he has always been a consistent 
Democrat, Governor Parker has never been 
an extreme partisan. In the various busi- 
ness boards, educational and otherwise, he 
made it a rule to appoint members of both 
political parties. He is a believer in a non- 
partisan judiciary and during his last gul)er- 
natorial term he nominated three Republican 
justices to the Supreme Court and two He- 
publican judges of the Court of Appeals, 
leaving each court still with a majority of 
Democrats. His non-partisan appointments 



THE BENCH AND BAR. 



211 



gave Governor Parker great popularity 
among the better class of both parties. His 
appointees to offiee have uniformly been men 
of high character and ability. At the close 
of his last term as Governor, out of fourteen 
jutlges of the Court of Errors and Appeals, 
then composing the court, ten had been origi- 
nally appointed by Governor Parker. 

In ]irivate life Joel Parker is much es- 
teemed as a neighbor and friend. He is a 
good citizen and among ilie first to espouse 
any enterprise looking to the improvement 
and advancement of the community where 
he resides. For the last few years he has re- 
sided with his family during the winter either 
at ("amden or Mt. Holly, in order to accom- 
modate the public and be nearer his work. 
The wife of the judge, a highly educated 
and accomplished lady, is living. They have 
had four children who reached the age of 
majority, viz. : Elizabeth, still living ; Charles, 
a lawyer and president of a bank at Mana- 
sqnan ; Helen, who died of consumption in 
1879; and Frcclerick, a lawyer, residing at 
Freehold. 

LAW JUDGES. 

Charlks p. Stratton, the first presi- 
dent law judge of the Court of Common 
Pleas of Camden County, was born at 
Bridgeton, Cumberland Countv, X. J., in 
1827, and died of malarial fever in Camden 
July 30, 1884, soon after his return from a 
trip to Europe. He was graduateil from the 
College of New Jersey, at Princeton, in 1848, 
and read law under the instruction of Hon. 
L. Q. C. Elmer, and was admitted to the 
bar as an attorney in January, 1851 ; was 
made a counselor in 1854, and the same year 
removed to Camden. He continued to prac- 
tice his profession with great success iu 
Camden County, and iu recognition of his 
ability as a lawyer, upon passage of a special 
act of the Legislature creating tlie office of 
law judge for Camden County, to take ef- 
fect in 1872, he was appointed by (governor 
Marcus L. Ward to fill that position for the 



term of five years. He performed the re- 
sponsibilities incumbent upon him as a judge 
until the expiration of his term and the ap- 
pointment of a successor, when he again re- 
sumed the practice of law in Camden until 
the time of his death. He left a widow and 
four children. 

He served two years in the City Council, as 
a member from the First Ward, and was made 
one of the trustees of the Cooper Hospital 
Fund. He was also a director in the Cam- 
den Safe Deposit and Trust Company, the 
New National Bank at Bridgeton, the West 
Jersey Railroad Company and the Camden 
and Philadelphia Ferry Compauy. He was 
by nature ada|)ted to the office of judge and 
presided over the court with great accepta- 
bility. 

David J. Pancoast was born near 
Woodbury, Gloucester County, N. J., Sep- 
tember 21, 1843. His father, James Pajn- 
coast, who married Hope Lippincott, was a 
farmer by occupation, and the son spent his 
early years on the farm. At the age of thir- 
teen he was sent to London Grove Friends' 
School, near Kennett Square, Chester Coun- 
ty, Pa., afterwards to Freeland Seminary, in 
Montgomery County, and later to an acad- 
emy at Carversville, Bucks County. He 
continued his studies in the Pennsylvania 
St;ite Normal School, at Millersville, and iu 
1 8(i4 entered the Law Department of HarvaVd 
University, at which institution he spent 
nearly two years. 

He completed ids legal studies in the office 
of James B. Daytou, of Camden, and was 
admitted to the bar as an attorney November 
5, 18G8, and in 1871 was made a counselor. 
When he first became a member of the Cam- 
deu bar his preceptor, Mr. Dayton, was pre- 
paring to retire from an extended practice, 
whereupon he turned over to Mr. Pancoast 
much of his litigated business. 

C'haucellor Runyon, on March 8, 1875, 
appointed him special master iu (Jhancery, 
and on April 1, 1877, he was elevated to the 



212 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



bench, being appointed president judge of 
the Court of Common Pleas in Camden 
County by Governor Joseph D. Bedle. He 
filled the term of five years with recognized 
ability. In 1873 Judge Pancoast was ad- 
mitted to practice in the United States Court 
of New Jersey, and also the United States 
Circuit Court and the Supreme. Court uf the 
United States. 

Charles T. Reed, the third law judge 
of the Camden County Courts, was born in 
Trenton, N. J., in 1843. He obtained a 
preparatory education at the Academy, the 
High School and the Model School, of that 
city, and afterwards entered the Wesleyan 
University, at Middletown, Conn., from 
which institution he was graduated. He 
soon thereafter entered the office of Hon. 
Thomas P. Carpenter, of Camden, as a stu- 
dent-at-law, was admitted to the bar as an 
attorney in 1865, and as a counselor in 1868. 
He practiced law with success until 1882, 
during which year.s he was appointed by 
Governor Ludlow, president law judge of 
the Court of Common Pleas of Camden 
County. After .serving about three years of 
his term he died, at the early age of forty- 
two, from a violent attack of typhoid fever, 
on Saturday evening, February 7, 1885. 
Judge Reed was married to Miss Emma 
Creft, of Philadelphia, who survived him. 
He left no descendants. 

John W. Westcott was born at Water- 
ford, Camden County, and his early life was 
spent in the glass factory in his native town. 
He attended a i)reparatory school in Massa- 
chusetts, and went from thence to Yale 
College. When he had comj)leted his Col- 
lege course, he read law with the Honorable 
Dexter R. Wright, of New Haven, and then 
entered his name in the office of Samuel H. 
Grey, E.scj., of (Aunden, and was admitted to 
the New Jersey bar, as an attorney, in 1879, 
and three years later admitted as a counselor- 
at-law. At the death of Charles T. Reed, 
Presiding-Judge of the Court of Common 



Plea.s, of Camden County, Governor Abbett 
appointed Mr. Westcott to the unexpired 
term of Judge Reed, a position he has since 
filled with ability. Twice Judge Westcott 
has been before the people as a candidate of 
his party, once as the nominee for the State 
Senate in 1884, and in 1886 was made the 
unanimous choice of his party as a candidate 
for Congress in the First Congressional Dis- 
trict. 

LAY JUDUES. 

John Clement, judge of the Court of 
Errors and Appeals, .son of John and Han- 
nah (Chew) Clement, was born November 
8, A.D. 1818, in Haddonfield, New Jersey. 
At that time his father was in the midst of 
an active business life, constantly engaged 
in the surveying of laud, the settlement of 
disputed boundaries and the division of real 
estate, and it is po.ssible that the subject of 
this sketch cannot remember when he first 
heard questions discussed that were thus in- 
volved. It may be said that his education 
as a surveyor, and his familiarity with mat- 
ters pertaining thereto, began in his infancy 
and grew with him to manhood. As his 
years increased and the physical as well as 
the mental labor attendant upon the field- 
work of surveying became a tax upon his 
strength and endurance, the father gradually 
gave place to the son, with the benefit of his 
experience, the use of his papers and the in- 
fluence of his reputation. These were ad- 
vantages not to be disregarded, and with the 
introduction of new and improved instru- 
ments, he filled the place thus left vacant, 
and has pursued the same cidliug tor some 
forty yeare. As the value of land increased 
it was demanded that some evidence of the 
title to real estate should be shown, which, 
although it increased the labor and responsi- 
bility of the conveyancer, yet were entirely 
legitimate and iinipiT ini|uiries to be an- 
swered. 

In 1851, and upon his father's resignation, 
he was chosen a member of the Council of 



THE BENCH AND BAR. 



213 



Proprietors of W^est New Jersey, the duties 
of wliifh, and the records there found, led 
to mucli instruction in the history of titles to 
land in the State. At the annual meeting of 
that body in 1885 he was elected president, 
and has so acted since that time. 

In 1X54 he was appointed one of the as.so- 
ciate Judges of the several courts of ('amden 
County, and reappointed in 1860. Many 
interesting (;ases were heard and disposed of 
during his term of office, from which he de- 
rived much valuable information as applica- 
ble to his line of business. In 1864 he was 
appointed by (Governor Joel Parker one of the 
lay judges of the Court of Errors and Appeals 
of the State of \ew Jersey, sitting at Tren- 
ton. Being the court of last resort in all 
cases, the most important ones only reacli 
that tribunal, and are there disposed of. The 
Court of Pardons, consi.sting of the Governor, 
chancellor and the six lay judges of the Court 
of Errors and Appeals, has many delicate 
duties, involving care and |)rudenci' in their 
discharge. 

Having, ijy this promotion, aci'css to the 
several otlices of i-ecord at the capital, a new 
t]eld of research was opened, which heeagerlv 
entered uj)on. Kxamining each book page 
by page, a mine of historical knowledge 
was developed, which yielded ample reward 
for all the labor, and has proved invaluable 
in establishing titles to laud, settling genea- 
logical questions and strengthening facts here- 
tofore regarded as traditional. 

In 1(S77 John Clement was ai)poiiited bv 
Governor Joseph 1). Bedle one of three com- 
missioners to examine into the prison system 
of the State and suggest any improvement in 
the same, and in 1879 was appointed by 
Governor George B. McClellan upon a com- 
mission to " prepare a system of general laws 
for the government of municipalities hei-eto- 
fore or hereafter to lie incorporated in this 
State." 

As a member of the Surveyors' Associa- 
tion of West New Jersey, which was organ- 



ized in 1 864, he has always been active from 
its inception. This society has been a success 
and accomplished its purposes fully. The 
social intercourse and interchange of senti- 
ment and opinion among the members is of 
great advantage and the valuable papers read 
have saved many points of history relating to 
the southern part of the State from loss. 

He is author of .several articles printed in 
magazines and newspapers relating to histor- 
ical subjects, and in 1877 published a volume 
of five hundred and fifty pages, containing 
sketches of the first settlers in his native 
townshij). Apart from the errors incident to 
such work, it is found to be useful and of 
interest to such as are in search of their 
ancestors. In 1885, he was appointed by the 
Supreme Court of New Jersey, as one of the 
coraml.ssioners to settle a disputed line between 
the counties of Burlington and Atlantic, which 
was accomplished the .same year. 

Judge Clement has an extensive knowledge 
of the early history of West New Jersey, and 
has been unceasing in his interest in the pre- 
paration of the" History t)f (!amden County " 
as embraced in this volume. Bv his wise 
counsel and efficient aid, the author and pub- 
lishers of this History have been greatly en- 
abled to furnish to the people of Camden 
County the work in its |iresent exhaustive 
and complete form. 

• JoHX Clement, Sr., was born in Haddon- 
field, N. J., on the 10th day of September. 
A.I). 1769, and was the eldest of the two 
children of Nathaniel and Abigail (Rowand) 
Clement. He had a distinct recollection of 
many incidents of the Revolutiouarv ^\'ar 
that occurred in his native town. His o[)- 
portunities for education were limited, but 
with a fondness for study, the a.ssistance of 
his parents and diligent api)lication, he man- 
aged to overcome the primary branches and 
obtain some knowledge of mathematics. 
When quite a young man he fancied a .sea- 
faring life would suit him, but a trip from 
Philadelphia to the Lower Delaware Bay 



214 



HTSTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



during a severe wind-storm convinced him 
that he was not of those " who go down to 
the sea in ships." The first public office 
held by John Clement was that of constable 
for the township of Newton, in Gloucester 
County, and it was brought about in this 
wise. At the town-meeting of March 19, 
1790, the following entry was made: 

"It being deemed by the town to be Nathaniel 
Clement's turn to serve as constable for the ensuing 
year, the meeting agreed that he shall have liberty 
to propose a person to serve in said office in his 
stead : and the said Nathaniel producing to said 
meeting his son John Clement, it was agreed he 
shall be appointed to said office." 

This appointment was made about six 
months before he attained his majority, and 
was done to relieve his father of the duties 
of the office. He was at various times free- 
holder, committeeman and surveyor of high- 
ways, and claimed it was the duty of every 
tax-payer to serve the township to prevent 
the waste of money. His military career ex- 
tended through many years of his life. 
From a private in one of the uniformed 
companies of the county, he was in 1798 
recommended by Lieuteiiaut-Colonel Josliua 
L. Howell, and appointed by the Governor 
(Richard Howell) as adjutant of the Second 
Regiment of the Gloucester Militia. In the 
War of 1812 he had a place on the stall' of 
General Elmer, with rank of major, and was 
employed in laying out the camp at Billings- 
port and opening roads to it. 

He also acted as paymaster, and ii|)(>n tlic 
discharge of the troops went into each of tiie 
counties of West Jersey to pay the soldiers. 
The pay-rolls of the several companies show 
the signatures of cacli |)rivate upon the re- 
ceipt of his money. ilicsc papers, in good 
preservation, are now in ])o.ssession of the 
adjutant-general at Trenton, where they can 
be examined by those curious in sncii mat- 
ters. Very useful liiey have been to prove 
the service of many soldiers, whose ]ja))ers 
had been lost, when tiiey or their widows 
made application for pensions. 



In 1824 he was appointed colonel of the 
Second Regiment of the Gloucester Brigade, 
and ranked as such officer until 1837, when 
he was advanced to the position of brigadier- 
general of the Gloucester Brigade, and took 
tiie oath of office the same year. Upon the 
.separation of Camden County from Old 
Gloucester, in 1844, he was continued in the 
same rank, but refused every position, civil 
or military, under the new dispensation. He 
become a practical surveyor when a young 
man, and was so engaged the most of his 
active business life. His field-books, maps 
and memoranda collected during that time 
show his care and industry. In 1809 he 
become a memberof the Council of Proprietors 
of West Jersey, which body .sat at Burling- 
ton four times each year. In 1813 he was 
made a deputy surveyor, and in 181G elected 
vice-president of the board. In 1832, and 
upon the death of William Irick, he was 
chosen president of the Board of Proprietors, 
and .so remained until his resignation as a 
member, in 1851. 

In 1799 lie was appointed collector of the 
revenue for the federal government in the 
county of Gloucester, "arising upon domestic 
distilled spirits and stills, upon sales at auc- 
tion, upon carriages for the conveyance of 
persons, upon licenses to retail wines and 
foreign distilled spirits, upon snuff or snufl- 
mills and upon refined sngar." This posi- 
tion entailed upon him much labor and 
responsibility, the territory being large and 
the settlements in many parts long distances 
from each other. How long he discharged 
the duties does not appear. 

In the same year (1799) he received his 
first commission as justice of the peace, the 
duties of which office he discharged until 
his advancing years induced him to relin- 
quish it. 

He was the first postmaster in Haddon- 
field, his commission being dated March 22, 
1803. This was the second year of the first 
term of Thomas Jefferson's administration as 





^?y^?^^>^ <^^C^rz^^*.-^ 



THE BENCH ANP BAR. 



215 



President of the United States, and shadowH 
his political inclinations at that time. 

In 1 805 he was appointed one of the judges 
of the several courts of (iloucester County. 
His punctuality in attendance and his busi- 
ness methods soon brought him into notice, 
and in 1824 he become the presiding officer 
of the court in the absence of the law judge. 

About the year 1822 the subject was 
agitated as to the building of a canal from 
the Delaware River at Eastoii to the Hudson 
River at Jersey City. The enterprise was 
at last commenced and much trouble arose 
with the land-owuers where it passed as to 
damage. April 15, 18.'50, Chief Justice 
Charles Ewing appointed John Clement, 
William X. 8hinn and John Patterson com- 
missioners to settle these disputes. In the 
discharge of this duty they made a report 
which was accepted by the court and was 
generally satisfactory. 

Of muscular frame, well-developed and 
healthy, his endurance was remarkable, and 
he preserved his strength and faculties to a 
ripe old age. Gradually yielding to the ea- 
croachment.s of an insidious disease and ad- 
vancing years, he died on the evening of 
July 4, 1855. 

John K. Cowperthwaite, who was one 
of the prominent lay judges of the courts of 
f'amden County, was born in 1787, in the 
old frame house standing on the east bank of 
Coopers Creek, between the Federal Street 
and Pennsylvania Railroad bridges. He re- 
moved into the town of Camden in 1820, 
and, uniting intelligence with integrity, he so 
won the confidence of the people, that they 
trusted him almost implicitly, and he was in 
office continuously during his life, frequently 
holding several at the same time. He was a 
magistrate of the county, and, as such, a judge 
of the County Court, and when justices of 
the peace ceased to be judges of the County 
Court he was appointed by the Legislature, 
term after term, almost without interruption 
until his death. He was a member of the 



township committee of Caindcn townsliiji 
nearly the entire eigliteen years of its ('xi>t- 
ence, and was also a nictnlx r of ihc IJoard of 
C^hosen Freeholders. He took an aclivc part 
in securing the city charter of 1.S2S, ami was 
appointed recorder, serving for twelve years, 
and served on most of the important com- 
mittees in Camden City Council. When the 
mayor was made elective by the people, in 
1844, he was the clioice, serving one vear. 
He was a candidate for the office in 1854, but 
was defeated. In t lie efforts to increase the 
educational facilities, in ]84.'i, Judge Cow- 
perthwaite took an active ])art and gave tlie 
cause of educatit)n matei-ial assistance. He 
early attached himself to the Methodist 
Church and was one of its pillars, holding 
various offices and exemplifying its princijiles 
in his life. He was the confidant of manv, 
who sought his counsel, and while free in his 
charities, was unostentatious, and few, save 
the beneficiaries, knew, when he died, May 
(), 1873, how kindly a iieart had ceased to 
beat. 

Asa p. Horner was a thrifty and pro- 
gressive farmer of Stockton township, and 
had the confidence of his neighbors in hold- 
ing many local offices among them. He was 
twice appointed one of the judges of the 
Camden County Courts, and discharged his 
duties acceptably. He was a descendant of 
one of the old families on " Pea Shore," from 
whence, in ancient times, Philadelphia was 
sup])lied with early vegetables and like pro- 
duce. The location and soil was adapted to 
this end, and he was but an indifferent farmer 
who did not make it profitable, fjiko other 
i)ranches of agriculture, this has kept pace 
with the various improvements made, show- 
ing that a few acres well tilled is better than 
many poorly cultivated. The "trucker" of 
fifty years ago would refuse; to l)e convinced 
of any profit, if shown the cost of fertilizers) 
and labor now put upon the land to force the 
cro])s and increase the yield. He was an 
" Old-Line Whig " until the defeat of Henrv 



216 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY. NEW JERSEY. 



Clay for President, when he affiliated with 
the Deinocratir party and became a promi- 
nent man in that (livi.siiin of national politics. 

ATTI )RXEYS-AT- LA W. 

William N. Jeffers was born in Salem 
County and removed in his youth to Camden. 
When he grew to manhood he was in stature 
tall and finely formed, with the exquisite 
manners of the olden time. He was in poli- 
tics an ardent apostle of the Democratic 
faith, and was sent by President -lackson as 
the American representative to one of the 
.South American States, but he soon retiuned 
and resumed the practice of the law. 

Mr. -letters' brilliant qualities as a lawyer 
were recognized all over West Jersey, to 
which his practice was chiefly confined. His 
second wife outlived him, })ut he had no 
children, and his estate descended to Com- 
mander Jeffers, who distinguished himself as 
an officer of the American navy during the 
War for the Union ; who has frequently 
been presented with testimonials of great 
value by other nations, and now lives, after 
a useful and gallant career, in Washington, 
as a retired officer of the United States Navy, 

Thomas Chapman was born in Salem 
(bounty, New Jersey, and from thence re- 
moved to Camden, locating his office in 
Second Street near J'luni (now Arch Street), 
on propcily belonging to the late Dr. Tho- 
mas W. Cullcn. Mr. Chapman was a lawyer 
of solid attainments rather than of brilliant 
oratory. In fact, the great Judge Parsons, 
of Massachusetts, said that mere oratory was 
a hindrance ratlu^r than a help to an axjtivc 
and successful practitioner at the bar. Hu( 
as a counselor, Mr. Chapman had no superior 
in the scaled circle of lawyers who then 
formed the bar of Camden County. Among 
these was the venerable .losiah Harris()n who, 
late in life, removed from Camden to Wood- 
bury, where he died. Thomas Chapman was 
a laborious lawyer, faithful to the interests 
of his clients. He was married happily, but 



the union was not blessed with children. 
( )ne morning, in summer, (Mr. Chapman 
Iteing nearly sixty years old), the door of the 
• little frame office on Second Street was found 
open, and Thomas Chapman lying dead a( 
his table, with his books open before him. 
It is suppo.sed he died of heart disease. 

Among the earliest resident lawyers of 
C'amden was Morris Croxall, who was ad- 
mitted to practice in the Gloucester County 
courts in September, 1821. He died in 
Camden, and although prominent in his dav, 
no facts in regard to him, further than here 
presented, can be procured. 

Jeremiah H. Sloan, admitted to the bar 
in 1821, was a distinguislied lawyer, who was 
ten years older than Hon. Abraham Brown- 
ing, of Camden. He was the cotemporary of 
Samuel h. Southard, William N. Jeffers and 
Judge John Moore White, who died at Wood- 
bury, N. J., at a good old age, full of vears 
and of honor. Jeremiah Sloan was perhaps 
the most brilliant lawyer in West Jersey, keen 
in his perceptions, never a very hard student, 
but gifted with magnetism of temperament 
and elocpient in speech, and possessed of fine 
social qualities whicii caused him to be 
warmly welcomed wherever he went. 

His professional services were sought for 
far and wide, and paid for by admii-ing 
clients with liberality. Those who best re- 
member him say that he united the wit of 
Sheridan with the social graces of Charles 
flames Fox, the celebrated English statesman. 

He was one of the most remarkable 
men who ever practiced at tlu; West Jersey 
bar. His mind was alert, his forensic style 
witty, Jiumorons and argumentative. He was 
a (piick and accurate judge of character. 
Ready and skillf'id in the examination of 
witnesses, eloipient, persuasive and con- 
vinciing in addressing a jury, he was well 
equipped with all the qualities necessary for 
success at the Nisi Prius bar, of which lie 
was in his day the accepted leader. I'er- 
sonallv he was n man of warm and irenerous 



THE BENCH AND BAR 



217 



impulses, social, indeed convivial. He was 
extremely popular and pleasing in manner, 
and was equally at home at the convivial 
assemblages of the lawyers, more common in 
his day than now, or in addressing a court 
upon the dryest legal proposition. He died 
at Mount Holly, broken in health and 
fortune, leaving little behind him but the de- 
lightful recollections of his friends and the 
general reputation of a brilliant character. 

Richard W. Howell was l>orii on a 
plantation called "Fancy Hill," in Glouces- 
ter County. His father and mother were 
both prominent during the Revolution of 
1776, and many are the pleasing tales of 
generous hospitality to the officers of the 
|)atriot army, who were wont to pause at the 
home of Colonel Howell, and, amidst the 
joys of an old-time welcome, forget for a day 
the great struggle for liberty. 

Mr. Howell married a sister of Hon. 
Thoma.s P. Carpenter, and she still survives 
her husband and her brother. Richard W. 
Howell's mother, like his father, was a re- 
markable person, and when she found her- 
self a widow, with a large family and an en- 
cumbered property, she managed the Howell 
estate, much of it lying along the Delaware 
River and including the Howell fishery, so 
that in a few years it was clear of delH, and 
at her death there was a handsome estate to 
divide among the heirs without iiirum- 
brance of any kind. 

Mr. Howell was early bfed to the law, 
and made a careful, conscientious and suc- 
cessful member of the profession. He was 
admitted to the New Jersey bar in Septem- 
ber, 1827. His office, which he occupied 
till his death, was a small, one-story room in 
Plum Street (now Arch), in Camden, built 
Ity William N. Jeffers and now owned by 
.ludgc Woodhull's estate. 

Richard \V. Howell was, like tiic rest of 
the Howell family, a gentleman of distin- 
guished appearance. He was possessed of 
rare] V courteous manners and was a laborious 

'28 



lawyer. The ordinances of Camden City 
Council bear the impress of his legal mind, 
and he was frequently elected to the Council 
chamber, and was once ruayor of the city. 
No man in the profession was more beloved 
by his fellow-members of the bar. 

He left a large family, one of his sons be- 
ing a well-known physician in Philadelphia, 
another a successful lawyer, and still another 
died in battle at the head of his company in 
the War of the Rebellion. 

Robert K. Matlock, who was a practi- 
tioner at the Camden courts immediately after 
their organization, was born at Woodbury, 
Gloucester County, January 22, 1804, and 
was the son of Hon. James Matlock, at one 
time a member of Congress, whose American 
ancestor, William Matlock, was among the 
Friends who settled at Burlington, N. J., 
about the year 1760. His law preceptor 
was ( 'harles Chauncey, Esq., of Philadelphia ; 
was admitted as attorney November 15, 
1827, and as counselor September 6, 1833. 
He died April 27, 1877, at his home in 
Woodbury. 

Abraham Browning was born July 26, 
1808, on his father's farm, in the vicinity of 
Camden. The family to which he belongs 
is one of the oldest in the State of New 
Jersey. The American founder, George 
Browning, came immediately from Holland, 
although of ancient English lineage, about 
the year 1735, and settled near Pea Shore. 
George Browning's son Abraham followed 
in his father's footsteps and became a farmer. 
He married Beulah Genge, who, like him- 
self, was a native of New Jersey, but whose 
parents were English, arriving in Americ^i 
from London about the year 1760. From 
this marriage sprang the subject of this 
sketch and a numerous progeny. Abraham 
obtained his earliest education at the country 
schools in the neighborhood of his home. 
Possessed of a large capacity for accpiiring 
knowledge, and gifted with a .studious tem- 
perament, he made most effective use of all 



218 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



his opportunities, and laid a solid founda- 
tion, broad and deep, for the superstructure 
of after-years. After an elementary course 
thus sati.sfactorily pursued, he was placed at 
the academy at Woodbury. From this he 
was transferred to the popular school of 
John (Tummere, in Burlington. The en- 
larged advantages here offered Abraham 
Browning were industriously improved, and 
he obtained a good English and a limited 
classical education. 

He became a student in the law-offii^e of 
Hon. Samuel L. Southard, at Trenton, in 
1830. At the expiration of a year passed 
in preliminary study he entered the I^aw 
School of Yale College, and, after remaining 
two years, he entered the oflSee of tiie well- 
known Philadelphia lawyer, Charles Chaun- 
cey. He was admitted to the bar in Septem- 
ber, 18.'54, and immediately thereafter began 
to practice his profession in Camden, where 
he has ever since resided, laboring in his 
chosen career. He early became noted for 
the care and ability with which the business 
intrusted to his care was managed, and, as a 
natural consequence, he made steady and 
rapid progress through the ranks. With 
clear perception, a well-trained and well- 
stored mind, to which constant study was 
ever bringing valuable contributions, in- 
domitable industry aud never-tiring investi- 
gation of detail, he obtained so thorough a 
mastery over his cases as to be almost in- 
vincible when he advised contest. Nowhere 
iu the ranks of the profession could a harder 
student have been found ; not one among the 
aspirants to similar fame devoted more faithful 
and painstaking labor to his client's inter- 
ests than he has done. His aid has been 
sought in many important issues beyond the 
borders of New Jersey, and his reputiition 
is national. As a constitutional lawyer- lie 
has been a recognized authority, and his 
opinion on points of constitutional issue car- 
ries great weight. In railroad cases, also, he 
has been rcigarded as especially strong, and 



he has been engaged in many important 
cases, involving difficult and delicate points 
of railroad law. His famous contest with 
Hon. Theodore Cuyler, the Pennsylvania 
Railroad case, in 1871, will long be remem- 
bered by members of the profe.ssion for the 
profound legal learning, easy mastery over 
the mazy difficulties of a peculiarly intricate 
litigation, readiness of resource, patient en- 
durance and overwhelming strengtii he man- 
ifested. 

To him, in part. New Jersey owes its 
present Constitution, inasmuch as he was an 
active and prominent member of the conven- 
tion called in 1844 for the revision of the 
then existing instrument. He was also the 
first attorney-general under the Constitution 
.so revised, being appointed to that position 
by Governor Charles C. Stratton in the .same 
year. This office he held during the regular 
term of five years. 

His succe.sses as a lawyer do not bound 
his career. He has stepped beyt)nd merely 
professional boundaries in his studies aud 
researches, and in whatever direction his 
tastes have led him, the same thoroughness 
and success have marked his eflForts. 

Mr. Browning was married. May 23, 
1842, to Pjlizabeth, daughter of Hon. James 
Matlock, of Woodbury, N. J., whose Amer- 
ican ancestor, William ^Matlock, was among 
the (Quakers who .settled at Burlington, N. J., 
about the year 1678. 

WiLLi.VM Daniel Coopei: was a .son of 
Richard IM. Cooper, late president of the 
National State Bank of Camden, and a lineal 
descendant in the .seventh generation of Wil- 
liam and Margaret Cooper, who in l(i81 were 
the first settlers on the site of Camden. He 
was born in the homestead on Cooper Street the 
30th day of August, 181(), being tlie twin 
brother of Dr. Riciiard M. Cooper, and after 
obtaining a preparatory education entered the 
University of I'eniisylvania, from wiiii^h in- 
stitution he wa.s graduated in 183(i. He 
studied law in the office of the Hon. Wil- 




-XCc.-v^'^Oo-f^ 



THE BENCH AND BAR. 



219 



liam M. Meredith, of Pliiladelpliia. llv was 
admitted a member of the Phihidelpiiia bar 
ill 1841 and the same year was admitted to 
practice in the courts of New Jersey. Upon 
the death of his father, in 1844, lie became 
tiie manager of his estate, which embraced 
hinds now covered by much of tiic most at- 
tractively built-up iK>rtion of the city of 
Camden. This gave him an extt'iisive busi- 
ness as a real estate lawyer, and he managed 
the large interest included with judicious 
care and characteristic ability. By laying 
off in lots much of tiie lands previously 
owned by his father, he greatly enhanced the 
value of the property in North Camden and 
very materially increased the amount of the 
estate placed under his special care and direc- 
tion. His experience as a real estate lawyer 
and counselor gave liiiu an extended office 
j)ractice and he seldom appeared in court in 
the trial of causes. He contributed much to 
the growth and development of the city of 
Camden, and was constantly studying how 
best to advance the material welfare of the 
community. He was kind-hearted, benevo- 
lent and philanthropic. Feeling the need of 
a hospital in West .Jersey, he and his brother, 
Dr. Richard M. Cooper, turned their atten- 
tion toward establishing one in Camden. 
Both died betbi'e the reali/.ation of their 
])laiis for the erection of such a building. 
Their sisters — Sarah W. and Elizabeth B. 
Cooper, in accordance with the wishes of 
their deceased brothers, generously donated 
two hundred thousand dollars for the estab- 
lishment and endowment of the Cooper Hos- 
pital, and with their brother, Alexander 
Cooper, conveyed a large tract of land elig- 
ibly located in Camden, upon which to erect 
a building for that purpose. The manage- 
ment of this noble charity (a history of 
which is given in the Medical Chapter of 
this work), was placed in the hands of a 
board of trustees created under an act of 
incorporation by the State Legislature March 
24th, 1875. 



Mr. Cooper was for a time president of 
the Gas Company, a director in the National 
State Bank and for a time counsel for the 
same institution. In politics he was origi- 
nally a Whig in the days of that party and 
afterwards an ardent Republican. Early 
in its history he became a member of the 
Union League of Philadelphia. He devoted 
much of his time to reading and was well 
versed in general literature. In religion he 
was a believer in the faith of his ancestor 
and was a member of the Society of Friends. 

Morris R. HA>riLTox was admitted to 
the bar in September, 1842, after preparing 
for his jjrofession in the office of his father. 
General Samuel R. Hamilton, of Trenton. 
He located in Caniden in November of the 
same year of his admission and continued a 
member of the Camden County bar for two 
years, at the expiration of which time he re- 
moved to Philadelphia and practiced chiefly 
in Kensington and Spring Garden in partner- 
ship with the late Laban Burkhardt. In 
184!) he went to Trenton to become the edi- 
tor of a paper which his father had purchased 
and \vhich was tlien changed to the Daily 
True American, the Democratic orgau of the 
State capital, which position he held until 
1853. He has since edited a number of in- 
fluential journals and is now the efficient 
State librarian at Trenton. 

Thomas W. MtiLFoRU, with three 
brothers, came from Salem Countv and set- 
tled in Camden County in the year 1852. 
Thomas W. Mulfbrd, being a leading and in- 
fluential member of the Democratic party, 
was soon appointed by the Governor as pros- 
(U'utor of the ]>leas of Camden County, a 
position he filled with great credit to himself 
and to the county for many years. Mr. 
Mulford was a fluent, eloquent and able 
s|K'aker, and his voice was always welcomed 
by his party adherents, who nominated him 
for Congress in the First District, now repre- 
sented by George Hires. He was also twice 
a member of the Legislature of New Jersey, 



220 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



where his wise and discriminating statesman- 
ship made him a valuable member, much re- 
spected by both parties. Mr. Mulford's 
health failed him and he died in Salem 
County on his farm, leaving a family and a 
large circle of friends. He was a relative by 
marriage of the late United States Senator 
Hon. A. G. Cattell, of Merchantville, N. J.; 
Philip H. Mujford, one of the brothers of 
the prosecutor of the pleas, was deputy prose- 
cutor of the pleas for Camden County ; then 
associated with General Wright, of Hoboken, 
N. J., in the practice of the law, and in 1860 
went to California, where he died. 

James B. Dayton was born January "27, 
1822, at Basking Ridge, Somerset County, 
N. J. He was a son of Joel Dayton and 
lineal descendant of Ralph Dayton, who em- 
igrated from Yorkshire, England, in 1639 
and settled at Boston, one of whose descend- 
ants, Jonathan Dayton, located at Elizabeth- 
town about 1725, and was the progenitor of 
the Dayton family in New Jersey. His son, 
Elias Dayton, was a brigadier-general in the 
patriot army of the Revolution, command- 
ing the New Jersey Brigade, and member of 
Congress in 1778 and 1779. His son Jona- 
than was a member of the convention which 
framed the Constitution of the United States, 
speaker of the Fourth and Fifth Congresses, 
and United States Senator from 1799 to 1805. 

William L. Dayton, a brother of James B. 
Dayton, after filling with honor the most im- 
portant positions in New Jersey, was a Sena-_ 
tor of the United States from 1842 to 1851, 
Republican candidate for Vice-President in 
1856, and minister to France from 1861 un- 
til his death, shortly before the close of the 
War of the Rebellion. 

James B. Dayton graduated from Prince- 
ton College in 1841, studied law with his 
brother, William L. Dayton, became an at- 
torney in 1844, and counselor-at-law in 1847. 
He settled at Camden and very soon became 
one of the leading advocates of the New 
Jersey bar. His practice was large, his con- 



quests brilliant, and he was acknowledged to 
be one of the most eloquent lawyers in South- 
ern New Jersey. He became the legal ad- 
viser of the Board of Freeholders, city so- 
licitor, city treasurer and one of the fir.st 
board of Ri])arian Commi.ssions. He was a 
man of vig(jrous mind but delicate physique, 
which cau.sed him in later life to forego the 
triumphs of the court and devote his entire 
energies to the less exciting duties of an office 
practice, and ultimately to retire wholly from 
the law and also t(^ renounce all aspirations 
for political life. 

He was married, in 1848, to Louisa, daugh- 
ter of William M. Clarke, of Philadelphia ; 
her death occurred in 1856, leaving two chil- 
dren surviving — William C, a member of 
the Camden bar, and Louisa, now wife of 
Peter V. Voorhees, a lawyer in Camden. 
In 1859 he married Sadie, daughter of Judge 
Alexander Thomson, of Franklin County, 
a celebrated jurist of Pennsylvania. 

Being compelled to give up the practice 
of his profession, he turned his attention to 
corporate interests. He was president of the 
West Jersey Ferry Company for over six- 
teen years, giving prosperity to the company 
and satisfaction to its patrons ; president of 
the Camden Safe Deposit and Trust Com- 
pany, which, under his management, became 
one of the most successful banking institu- 
tions of the State ; chairman of the execu- 
tive committee of the board of directors of 
the Camden and Atlantic Railroad Com- 
pany, which he materially aided in raising 
from insolvency to affluence. He was also, 
from its inception, chairman of the board of 
directors of the Sea View Hotel Company, 
a very successful corporation. He was a man 
of sound judgment, kindly impulses and 
gentle disposition, and his death from pro- 
gressive paralysis, March 9, 1886, caused uni- 
versal sorrow. 

Thoma.s H. Dudley was born in Eves- 
ham township, Burlington County, New 
Jersey, October 9, 1819, being the descend- 



THE BENCH AND BAR. 



221 



aut of an English family resident in this 
coiintty since the latter part of the seven- 
teenth century. His early education was ob- 
tained in the schools near the vicinity of iiis 
birth, and he grew to niauhood on his father's 
iliriu. Determining upon law as a profes- 
sion, he entered the office of the late William 
N. Jeffers, in Camden, and in 1845 was ad- 
mitted to the New Jersey bar. From the 
outset of his legal life he held a conspicuous 
place in his profession, his sound training in 
the principles and the practice of law uniting 
to make him successful. Until the dissolu- 
tion of the Whig party he was one of its 
stauchest members. Since that event he has 
been a no less earnest Republican. Elected 
in 1860 a delegate at large to the Chicago 
Convention, he occupied a prominent position 
in it and was greatly instrumental through 
his energy and tact, in the committee on 
doubtful States, in securing the nomination 
of Abraliam Lincoln for President. In 18(J1 
Mr. Dudley went to Europe, and returned 
in the fall of the same year, and soon there- 
after was appointed by Mr. Lincoln as con- 
sul to Liverpool. The j)ositiou of our con- 
sul at this port then was one of great conse- 
(.(uence and of the greatest delicacy, for from 
this centre radiated the substantial aid ten- 
dered to the Confederates by their British 
supporters. In his efforts to enforce the 
maintenance of the neutrality professed by 
the government to which he was accredited, 
the utmost diplomacy was necessary to avoid 
bringing to open war the expressed hostility 
between the two countries. Everywhere his 
endeavor to check the flow of supplies to the 
Confederacy met with a determined resist- 
ance. With a force of one hundred men he 
policed the ship-yards of England and Scot- 
land, he himself incognito, constantly visit- 
ing every shipping centre and registering 
every keel laid down upon the books of the 
Liverpool consulate. Nor was his zeal un- 
attended with danger. Again and again lie 
received anonymous letters warning him that 



unle.ss he ceased his opposition to the exten- 
sion of assistance to the Confederate govern- 
ment, that his life would be taken, and if 
fbuml in certain designated spots he would 
be shot on sight. But the.se threats had small 
effects upon his stern nature. He had been 
charged with a high duty and tiiat duty he 
fulfilled with a calm determination. He re- 
mained at his post until November, 18(J8, 
when he returned to the United States f()r a 
brief visit. He resumed his duties in Liver- 
pool, and three yeai-s later he again returned 
to America, and, wearied by his decade of ar- 
duous official life, tendered his resignation of 
his consulate. The government, however, 
requested his services in the case of the 
United States to be laid before the Joint 
High Commission at Geneva, and he assisted 
in the compilation of the case to go before 
the Geneva tribunal, .supplying the material 
upon which the judgment in favor of the 
United States was rendered. In 1872 he again 
returned to the United States and tendered 
his resignation, to take effect upon the ap 
pointment of his succe.ssoi-. 

Since his return to .\merica Mr. Dudley 
has been engaged in the practice of his pro- 
fession in Camden, New Jersey, residing up- 
on his beautiful country-seat, three miles 
from the city. He has been president of 
the Pittsburgh, Titusville and Buffalo Railroad 
Company, and of the New Jersey Mining 
Company, besides being a member of the 
boards of direction of the Camden and Atlan- 
tic Railroad Company, West Jersey Railroad 
Company, Camden and Philadelphia Ferry 
Company and People's Gas Light Company, 
of Jersey City. 

Isaac Mickle was one of the most re- 
markable men in the early history of Camden 
County. His grandfather was Lsaac Mickle, 
farmer, who married Sarah Wilkins, and 
from that marriage four children were born, 
—John W. Mickle, Rachel Mickle (who 
married Isaac S. Mulford, M.l).,) and Mary 
Mickle, who married Samuel Haines, of Bur- 



222 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



lingtoD County, a well-knowu sheriff of tliat 
bailiwick, and Isaac Mickle, who married 
Rebecca Morgan, from whicli alliance sprang 
Isaac Mickle who, as soon, and even before 
he reached man's estate, became a central and 
controlling figure in the affairs of his native 
County. He began the study of law with 
Colonel Page. Isaac Mickle, who was the 
only child of his parents, was also, presuma- 
bly, the heir of his uncle, John W. Mickle, 
who had ac(|uired by descent and purchase, 
nearly all the land on either side of the 
turnpike, between Camden and Gloucester 
City. Isaac Mickle was a boon companion 
of T. Buchanan Read, the artist and poet, 
and author of " Sheridan's Ride." 

W'liile studying with Colonel Page, and 
mastering the mysteries of his chosen profes- 
sion, he became acquainted with Clara Tyn- 
dale, the sister of (xeneral Hector Tymlale. 
who was once elected mayor of Philadclpiiia. 
Mrs. Tyndale, the mother of Clara, was, 
herself, a woman of talent, and with Haw- 
thorn, George William Curtis and other 
lights of science and literature, became a 
member of the famous comnumity at " Brook 
Farm." 

Isaac Mickle married Miss Tyndale and 
two children resulted from this union, one of 
whom is now living. The subject of our 
sketch early displayed a very decided pen- 
chant for literature, and became the author 
of a volume called "Recollections of Old 
Gloucester," which, besides being admirably 
written!, (contains a fund of information about 
the early history of Camden County and 
West Jersey nowhere else to be found. He 
became a well-known political writer, and 
for some years conducted the Camden Demo- 
crat. He died when under thirty years of 
age. 

Daniel K. Hoidii was colemporary witii 
Hugg and Kinsey, was admitted to the bar 
in July, 1849, and was for a time in the of- 
fice of Thomas H. Dudley. He was a promi- 
nent lawyer, but his services were lost at this 



bar, for, some years prior to the war, he went 
West, and, subsequently enlisting in an Illi- 
nois regiment, was killed in battle. 

Alfred Hugg was born in Camden, 
N. J., August 26, 1826, and educated in the 
city of Philadelphia. He studied law with 
William N. Jeffers, of Camden, and was ad- 
mitted to practice as an attorney in October, 
1849, and as a counselor three years after. 
He settled in Camden and has since been 
engaged in active practice. Mr. Hugg has 
been city solicitor of Camden, as also city 
clerk and city treasurer. He was formerly 
prosecutor of the pleas for Atlantic County. 

Chaklks W. Kinsey was in the same 
class as Alfred Hugg, and was admitted to 
the Camden bar in October, 1849. He prac- 
ticed considerably in the courts of the 
county, but was a resident of Burlington and 
died there. 

Captain Isaa(^ W. Mickle, who was 
admitted to the bar in .Tauuary, 18-30, died 
suddenly at Camp Ely, Virginia, on Satur- 
day, March 22, 1862. During the Mexican 
War he served as captain of Company A of 
the New Jersey Battalion. He enlisted in the 
same capacity in Comi)any F of the Fourth 
New Jersey Regiment during the three montlis 
.service, and at the time of iiis death was in 
command of Company A of the Tenth New 
Jersey Regiment. During the administra- 
tion of James Buchanan he was collector of 
the port of Camden. He was at the saraetin)e 
one of the proprietors of the Camden Demo- 
crat, and took sides against the administra- 
tion of Bu(thanan on the Kansas-Neln-aska 
Bill. He was a nephew of John W. Mickle, 
many years a leading director of the Camden 
and Amboy Railroad Company. He left a 
widowed mother and child. Captain Mickle 
was active in [)olitical and military affairs, 
genial in disposition and liberal in his vi(!ws. 

Pei'er L. Voorhees was born at Blaw- 
enburgh, Somerset County, N. J., July 12, 
1825, and is a member of a fiimily who trace 
their line of descent from Coert Albert van 



THE BENCH AND BAR. 



223 



voor Hees, who lived prior to 100(1, in front 
of the village of Hees, near Ruinen, Drenthe, 
Holland. The derivation of the name may 
be understood when it is stated that the pre- 
fix " voor " is the Dutch equivalent of " he- 
fore," or " in front of" Steven Coerte, son 
of Coert Albert, emigrated from Holland in 
April, 1660, and settled at Flatlands, Long 
Island, on an estate the extent of which is 
indicated by the fact that he paid for it the 
lurge sum of three thousand guilders, in itself 
a fortune in those days. The great-grandson 
of Steven Coerte was Peter (ierritse Van 
Voorhees, who left Long Island in 1720 to 
escape from the payment of tithes to the Eng- 
lish Church, which was enforced by the colo- 
nial government, and established a new home 
on land which he bought at Blawenburgh. 
One of his descendants was Peter Van Voor- 
hees, who gave his land to his grandson Peter, 
and ordered his slaves to be emancipated. 
This Peter, whose father, jNIartin, di-o])ped 
the prefix " Van " from the family name. 
He was born May 27, 1787, and married, 
March 2, 1809, Jane, daughter of Captain 
John Scheuck, who, in r)ecember, 1 778, with 
a few of his neighbors and a very scanty 
supply of ammunition, ambuscaded the 
British advance guard at Ringoes, and drove 
it back upon the main column. 

Peter L. Voorhees was the second son. 
The years preceding his majority he spent 
upon the homestead, and in the acquirement 
of a common-school education, and in his 
twenty-first year he selected the law for his 
l)rofession. First entering the office of Rich- 
ard S. Field, at Princeton, as a student, he 
also studied at the Law School formerly con- 
nected with the College of New Jersey, from 
which he received the degrees of LL.B. and 
A.M. In November, 1851, he was admitted 
to the bar, and in the next year he removed 
to Camden, with many of whose most im- 
)K)rtant interests he has since been identified. 

The main characteristic of his professional 
eminence is his thorough knowledge of the 



law. Profoundly versed in its principles and 
j)ractice, his mind is a store-iiouseof informa- 
tion upon its most complicated and abstruse 
questions. The diligenic with which he 
masters every point in a litigated case is as- 
sisted to success by a wonderfully retentive 
memory and a remarkable jxiwer of ajjplica- 
tiou. He is an autlwrity upon the difficult 
and doubtful intricacies of laud titles, and 
some of his most creditable victories before 
the courts have been won in such cases. He 
is also considered an indisputable authority 
upon the finely discriminating ([uestions of 
practice. He was opposed to the Pennsyl- 
vania Company in the memorable suit of 
Black vs. the Delaware and Raritan Canal 
Company, in which was involved the control 
of the New Jersey railways now 0})erated by 
the former corporation, and was so successful 
in court that it was compelled to procure 
special legislation to effect its purpose. Since 
that time he has become counsel for the 
Pennsylvania interest, embracing the Cam- 
den and Amixpy, the West Jersey and the 
Camden and Atlantic Railroads. The Mickle 
will case was another celeltrated litigation 
which he carried for his clients to a successful 
issue. 

Mr. Voorhees is president of the Camden 
Safe Deposit and Trust Company, director 
of the West Jersey Ferry Company and di- 
rector of the Camden Hospital. In politics 
he is a conservative Republican, but has al- 
ways refused to become a candidate for any 
office, except that for one year he filled the 
position of city solicitor of Caiuden, being 
elected by the Republicans and Democrats, 
as opposed to the " Native Americans." 

In the matter of religious education and 
experience, our subject, it niay not be im- 
proper to add, has not been lacking. He was 
brought up in the Dutch Reformed Church, 
but since 1853 has affiliated with the Presby- 
terians, and has been remarkably active in 
the First Church of Camden, for many years 
taking particular interest in the Sunday- 



226 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Removing to Camden in 1874, lie formed a 
law partnership witli his brother, Alden ('. 
Scovel. 

Samuel H. Grey is the son of the late 
Philip J. Grey and Sarah W. Grey, his 
wife.and was born in the city of Camden April 
6, 1836. His early education was received 
in the schools of his native town. His choice 
tended strongly to the profession of the law, 
and at the age of seventeen years he was 
entered as a student in the office of Abraham 
Browning, who, still living at an advanced 
age, was at that time easily the leading law- 
yer and advocate iu the southern section of 
New Jersey. After the usual course of study 
Mr. Grey was admitted to the bar of the 
Supreme Court as an attorney-at-law at the 
November Term, 1857, and as a counselor-at- 
law at the February Term, 1861. His suc- 
cess in his profession was immediate and sat- 
isfactory. Such was his prominence that in 
April, 1866, he was appointed prosecutor of 
the pleas for the county of Cape May, and 
performed the duties of that office until 
April, 1873, serving, by successive appoint- 
ments of the court, two years under the ad- 
ministration of (lovernor Joel Parker, after 
the expiration of the regular terra of the 
office. 

As a leading lawyer, Mr. Grey, in 1873, 
was appointed by Governor Parker one of a 
commission of fourteen, selected pursuant to 
a joint resolution of the Legislature, to sug- 
gest and frame amendments to the Constitu- 
tion of the State, and was actively engaged 
in all the transactions of the commission. 
The amendments thus framed were after- 
wards, in due form of law, incorporated with, 
and now form a part of, the Constitution of 
New Jersey. 

In the quarter of a century which has 
elapsed since his admission to the bar Mr. 
(xrey has never permitted himself to be 
diverted from his chosen profession, but has 
devoted to its .study and pursuit his entire 
time, and the energy and ability with whicii 



he is endowed. These riginti annorum lucu- 
hrafiones (to use the vigorous words of Lord 
Bacon), these years of study, have brought 
with them their appropriate reward. The 
practice of Mr. Grey is large, lucrative 
and embraces a wide class of important 
cau.ses, beginning with the ca.se of McKnight 
r.s. Hay, tried in 1866, at the Atlantic Cir- 
cuit, in which Messrs. Peter L. Voorhees and 
(teorge M. Robeson appeared for the plaintiff", 
and Messrs. Joseph P. Bradley (now of the 
Supreme Court of the ITnited States), Abra- 
ham Browning and Mr. (xrey appeared for 
the defendant, and of which Judge Elmer 
speaks in his reminiscences as the most 
romantic case he had ever known. Mr. Grey 
has been engaged in very many of the lead- 
ing causes arising in the .southern counties 
of the State. In April, 1886, Mr. Grey was 
selected by the managers appointed to conduct 
the impeachment of Patrick H. Laverty, 
keeper of the State Prison, as the leading 
counsel for the prosecution, and as such con- 
ducted the trial of a month, before the State 
Senate, to a successful conclusion, evincing 
skill, ability and eloquence of a high order. 

The succe-ss of Mr. Grey has resulted, not 
from study and experience alone, but largely 
from his natural mental powers. His 
capacity for quick, intense and accurate 
thought is unusual and striking. His judg- 
ment reaches a conclusion, not by careful 
and laborious plodding, nor yet by intuition, 
but rather, /ler saltum, by a leap over a long 
pathway iif thought. This faculty enables 
him very quickly to perceive and grasp the 
controlling points of a group of complicated 
facts, and to determine at once those upon 
which his cause turns. His vocabulary is 
fluent, generally accurate, often graceful and 
happy, sometimes eloquent. He has a keen 
sense of humor, and nature has giveu him a 
powerful and musical voice, a pleasing pres- 
ence and a mental and physical constitution 
sufficiently robust to endure the .shocks and 
fatigues of jury trials. These are all (juali- 




/^7^ 



THE BENCH AND BAR. 



227 



ties whicli are necessary to the ecjuipnieiit of 
a leading and accomplished advocate, and 
such Mr. Grey is beyond qnestion. As was 
remarked of General Sheridan duriug the 
war, no situation was thrust upon him which 
he has not developed capacity to meet. Mr. 
Grey practices in all of the courts of this 
State and is constantly retained in important 
causes before the several superior courts sit- 
ting at Trenton, where his reputation is 
deservedly high. 

In politics Mr. Grey has been an earnest 
and consistent Republican, practically from 
the organization of that party. From 1868 
to 1871 he was an active member of the Re- 
publican State Executive Committee of New 
.lersey. In 1872 he was chosen as an elector 
upon the Grant ticket, and as such voted for 
General Grant in the only Republican Elec- 
toral College ctinvened in this State. In the 
same year he declined to accept the Republi- 
can nomination for State Senator from the 
county of Camden. In 1874, though 
strongly importuned, he declined to permit 
his name to be presented for the nomination 
as a member of the House of Representatives 
of the Congress of the United Slates, in 
1880 he received a large vote in the Repub- 
lican State Convention as a delegate-at-large 
to the National Convention which met in 
that year at Chicago. .\t tiie recjuest of 
many Republicans during the present year, 
he has permitted himself to be named for 
the office of Senator of the Fnited States. 

Mr. (irey was married September 25, 18t!2, 
in (Jhrist Church, Philadelphia, to Julia 
Hubley, only daughter of Charles C. Potts, 
Esq., of Philadelphia. He has four daugh- 
ters, — Julia Ridgway, Mary Joy, Ethel and 
Alice Croasdale Grey. Au only son, Charles 
Philip Grey, died in 1868 an infant. 

Caleb I). Shreve was born May 9, 
1833, and educated at Princeton College, 
from which he was graduated in 1851. He 
began the study of law with Honorable J. 
L. N. Stratton, of Mt. Holly, and was ad- 



mitted as an attorney at the November Term, 
1861, and afterwards an a counselor. 

BE^.IA^[IN D. Shreve, bom August, 
1835, at Medford, Burlington County, N. J., 
was graduated from Princeton College in 
1856. He studied law with Peter L. Voor- 
hees, of Camden, was admitted in 1862 as 
au attorney and as counselor in 1865. He 
has since practiced in Camden. 

George W. Gilbert was born September 
21, 1834, in Philadelphia, and educated at 
the public schools of Camden, to which city 
he removed in 1843. He began the study 
of law with Honorable Thomas H. Dudley, 
of Camden, and concluded with Honorable 
George S. Woodhull. He was admitted to 
the bar in February, 1863. Mr. Gilbert wa.s 
made deputy county clerk in 1865, and held 
the office for ten years, after which he was 
elected register of deeds for the term ex- 
tending from 1875 to 1880. He has since 
practiced his profession in Camden. 

Samuel C. Cooper was born in Camden 
in 1840, and is the son of Joseph W. Cooper. 
He received his primary education at the 
Grover School, in Camden, and entered Hav- 
erford College in 1855. In 1859, he entered 
the law office of Richard W. Howell, remained 
with him until his death, and then entered 
the office of the Honrable Thomas H. Dud- 
ley, and when Mr. Dudley was appointed 
consul to Liverpool he entered the office of 
Judge Woodhull. He was adndtted at the 
February term of court, 1863. 

J. Eugene Troth was born in Newcastle 
County, Delaware, January 14, 1845; re- 
ceived his education at the select and public 
schools and at the Delaware College, situated 
at Newark, Delaware. He began the study 
of law with James B. Dayton, of Camden ; 
was admitted as an attorne}' in 1866, and 
three years after as counselor. He was for 
seven years solicitor of the county of Camden 
and clerk of the Board of Chosen Free- 
holders. 

Martin Voorhees Bergen and his 



228 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



brother Christopher A. (of whom a sketch 
follows) are descendants of an old and promi- 
nent family, after whom Bergen County, 
N. J., was named, and they are representa- 
tives of the eighth generation in this country. 
The common ancestor of the family of 
Long Island, New Jersey and adjacent re- 
gions was Hans Hansen Bergen, of Bergen, 
in Norway, who removed from there to Hol- 
land, and thence, in 1633, to New Amsterdam 
(now New York). Some of his descendants 
settled in what is now Bergen County about 
fifty years later. 

Samuel Disbrow Bergen, of the seventh 
generation in America, and his wife, Charity 
(daughter of Judge Peter Voorhees, of 
Blawenburgh, Somerset County), were resi- 
dents early in the present century of Mid- 
dlesex County, N. J., near Cranberry, and 
lived at what was known as the Bergen 
Farm or Homestead. Their son Martin V. 
was born there Fel)ruary 12, 1839. He 
prepared for college at Edge Hill School and 
entered the sophomore class at Princeton in 
September, 18t!(). Graduating from the col- 
lege in 1863, he commenced the study of 
law the same year in the office of Peter L. 
Voorhees, of Camden, where he continued 
until he graduated in November, 1866, as 
an attorney -at-law. He was licensed as a 
counselor-at-law in November, 1869. He 
opened an office in the fall of 1866 at 119 
Market Street, Camden, and continued to 
practice there until he formed a partnership 
with his brother and removed to 110 Market 
Street. He has been twice elected superin- 
dent of the Camden City schools and now 
holds that position. He was married, in 
February, 1880, to Mary Atkinson, of Mer- 
chantville, N. J. 

Christopheu a. Bercjen, Esy., whose 
ancestry and parentage are given in the sketch 
of his brother, was born at Bridge Point, 
Somerset County, N. J., August 2, 1841. 
He obtained his preparatory education at 
Edge Hill Classical School, Princeton, and 



entered Princeton College in the fall of 
1860, graduating therefrom, with his broth- 
er, in the class of 1863. Afterwards he 
taught school, — first a country .school at Hope- 
well, N. J., and later a private classical 
school of his own at Princeton, — pursuing at 
the same time law studies under the direction 
of Peter L. Voorhees, Esq., of Camden. In 
November, 1866, he was licensed as an at- 
torney by the New Jersey Supreme Court, 
and in the fall of 1869 as counselor-atlaw 
by the same court. Mr. Bergen's mental ac- 
tivity, onerous as are his professional duties, 
is by no means confined to them. He is a 
student of general literature, keeps fully 
abreast of the times in political, philosophical 
and popular scientific information and con- 
tinues his classical studies, reading exten- 
sively in Latin and Greek. 

Christopher A. Bergen has been twice 
married. He was united with his first wife, 
Harriet, daughter of Thomas D. and Au- 
gusta S. James, Augusts, 1869. Two sons 
were the offspring of this union. His sec- 
ond wife, to whom he was united January 
26, 1886, was Fannie C, daughter of Wil- 
liam L. and Adele C. Hirst, of Philadel- 
phia. 

The fii'm of Bergen & Bergen (M. V. & 
C. A.) has been quite uniformly and steadily 
successful, and probably has as large and as 
widespread a clientage and correspondence as 
any law firm in Camden. They iiave been 
frequently opposed by the best legal talent in 
the county and State, and have fully as often 
been victors as vanquished, and enjoy a high 
reputation. Two of the most notable cases 
in which they have won success were those 
(jf the Marshall estate, and the Jesse W. 
Starr Camden Iron-Works case in bank- 
ruptcy. The former, which aroused much 
interest in the southern part of the county, 
was an action charging breach of" trust 
on the part of the executors, and involved 
the title to five farms and a large part of 
the village of Blackwood. Bergen & Bergen 




^AMiUzt^ uysu^^cA^ 





•-»-^ 



THE BENCH AND BAR. 



229 



appeared tor the creditors agaiu.st the execu- 
tors, who were rej)resented by S. H. Grey, 
and Peter L. Voorhees, Esqs. In the bank- 
ruptcy suit against Jesse W. Starr, above 
alhided to, in which about three hundred 
thousand dollars were involved, Bergen 
Brothers were also successful in forcing the 
creditors of Mr. Starr, to terms. Chris- 
topher A. Bergen, as a rule, attends to the 
court business and Martin V. devotes his at- 
tention more parti<'ulariy to that department 
of practice which is the function of the 
counsel, though he also appears frequently in 
court. Both are well-read lawyers and able 
advocates. 

Both of the brothers are pronounced Re- 
publicans, though neither is an active poli- 
tician. Christopher A. in 1884 was the 
choice of a large section of his party for tlie 
position of State Senator, but declined mak- 
ing any etfort to secure the nomination. He 
was elected president of the Camden County 
Republican Club in 1886. Martin V. Ber- 
gen has also been named as a candidate for 
legislative honors, but has held no offices of 
consequence other than the .school superin- 
tendency. 

George F. Fokt was born at Absecom, 
Atlantic County, N. J., November 20, 1843, 
and received an academic education, which 
was completed at the university in Heidel- 
berg, (jcrmany. He began the study of law 
under Abraham Browning, of Camden ; was 
admitted as an attorney in 18G(j and as a 
counselor in 1869. Mr. Fort is well known 
as an author, his more prominent books l)eing 
" \u Historical Treatise on Early Builders' 
Works," " Fort's Mediaeval Builders," 
"Medical Economy during the INIiddle Ages " 
and " Fjarly Hist()ry and Antiquities of Ma- 
sonry." 

Robert M. Brow.nino, wh(j was a native 
of Camden, born in 1844, read law with his 
tatiier, Hon. Abraham Browning, and was 
admitted to practice in November, 1867. He 
followed his profession until his death, in 1875. 



Howard M. Cooi'KU was born June 24, 
1844, at Kaighns Point in the city of Cam- 
den, graduated from Haverford College, 
Pennsylvania, in 1864, studied law under 
L'eter L. Voorhees, Esq., and was admitted 
to the bar as an attorney at the November 
term of the Supreme Court, 1870. He has 
since followed his profession in Camden, and 
in addition to the usual occupation of a law- 
yer, he is a director and the solicitor of the 
Camden National Bank, a director of the 
C'amden Lighting and Heating Company, and 
president and solicitor of the ^\'est Jersey 
Orphanage tor Destitute Colored Children. 

Richard T. Miller is a native of Cape 
May City, N. J., where he was born Decem- 
ber 16, 1845, and received his early education 
at Pottstown Academy and at Easton, Conn. 
He then entered the West Jersey Academy 
and completed his studies under a private 
tutor. He was for two years connected with 
a corps of engineers engaged on the Peuu- 
syivania Railroad, and in 1863 entered the 
office of Judge Thomas P. Carpenter, of Cam- 
den. He was admitted as an attorney in 
November, 1867, and as counselor in 1870. 
Judge Miller began practice in Camden, and, 
March 30, 1877, was appointed judge of the 
District Court of Camden, to which office he 
was appointed live years later. 

Jajies p. YoiTNo was born in Camden 
County, in 1842, was educated in tiie schools 
of that county and at the Philadelpliia Higli 
School. He read law in the office of Hon. 
Thomas P. Carpenter, and was admitted to 
tiie bar in 1869. He was a comrade of Tiio- 
mas H. Davis Post, G. A. R., No. 53, of 
Haddonfield, and for three years served in 
Company G., Sixth New Jersey Regiment. 
He practiced in Camden for fifteen years, 
and was accidentally drowned in the Dela- 
ware River. 

George N. Coxrow was born in Bur- 
lington County, but during his youth went 
West and received his litei'ary education at 
Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana. Re- 



230 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY. NEW .JERSEY. 



turning East, lie read law with Hon. Tiionias 
P. Carpenter, of Camden, was admitted to 
the bar at the November Term of court, 1870, 
and became counselor in 1873. He had 
offices in Camden and Moorestowu, and prac- 
ticed actively until his death — -a period of 
about eight years. 

Alfred Flanders was born in Phila- 
delphia January 6, 1830, received his early 
educatiou through private tutors, aud grad- 
uated at Yale College in 1850. He read 
law with Simp.son T. Vau Sant, of Philadel- 
phia, and was admitted to the bar of tiiat 
city in March, 1801, having meanwhile been 
identified with the Kensington Bank as 
clerk and teller. Having practiced for 
a while in Philadelphia, he settled in Bur- 
lington, N. J., in 1866, and was admitted to 
the New Jersey bar the same year. He 
practiced in Mount Holly until 1883, at 
which date Mr. Flanders opened an office in 
Camden. 

Hkrbkrt a. Drake was born Jidy '2, 
1845, in Hopewell township, Mercer Couuty, 
N. J., and remained a pupil of the public 
schools until 1862, when he became a student 
of the Lawrenceville Higli School, and two 
years later of Rutgers College, from which 
institution he was graduated in June, 1868. 
He entered upon the study of law with 
Peter L. Voorhees, of Camden, was made an 
attorney in June, 1871, and a counselor at 
the June Term, 1874. 

Jame.s E. Haves was born near Burling- 
ton, N. J., Febiuary 18, 1844, aud after a 
preliminary training at the Hightstown in- 
stitution, graduated from the University of 
Pennsylvania. He entered the law-office of 
Robeson & Scovcl in 1867, was admitted as 
an attorney in 1871 and as counselor in 
1877. He was made city .solicitor of Cam- 
den in 1878, and corporation coun.sel of 
Gloucester City in 1883. His law co-part- 
nershij) with (ieorge M. Robeson began in 
A|)ril, 188.3. 

Jou-N W. Wriuiit, son of Richard an<l 



Abigail M. Wright, and grandson of Ricii- 
ard M. Cooper, was born in Philadelphia, 
August 21, 1847. He entered the Univer- 
sity of Penn.sylvania and was graduated from 
the Department of Arts of that institution in 
the class of 1867. He became a studeut-at- 
law in the office of E. Spencer Miller, Esq., 
of Philadelphia, and after graduating from 
the Law Department of the University of 
Pennsylvania in 1870, he was admitted to the 
bar in 1871. Since the death of his uncle, 
William D. Cooper, in 1875, he has been 
executor, tyustee and attorney for the estates 
of a large branch of the Cooper family, com- 
prising much of the central portion of Cam- 
den. 

Jame.s H. Carpenter, sou of the Hon. 
Thomas P. Carpenter, was born in Wood- 
bury, N. J., November 18, 1849, and in 
early youth moved with his parents to Cam- 
den. He I'eceived his education at the ' 
school of William Fewsmith, in Philadel- 
phia, and at the University of Peun.sylvania, 
graduating from the latter in 1869. Immedi- 
ately thereafter he entered his father's office 
as a student-at-law, and was admitted to 
practice November, 1872, and as a coun- J 
selor in 1875. He was made a master in I 
Chancery in 1875, and admitted to practice 
in the United States Court in 1883. 

Wilson H. Jenkins was born Xovem- J 
ber 6, 1846, at Fenwick, South Carolina, aud ^ 
educated at the Citadel, at Charleston, aud at 
the .Vrseual, at Columbia, South Carolina. 
Removing to Camden in 1865, he entered J 
the University of Pennsylvauia, and began " 
the study of law with Richard S. Jenkins, of 
Camden, in 1869; was admitted as an at- 
torney in 1873, and as a counselor in I.S75. 
Mr. Jenkins was appointed pi'osecutor of tin- 
pleas for Camden County in 1884. 

John H. Fort was born on Staten Island, 
N. Y., January 10, 1851, and educated at 
the pul)lic schools, at Lawrenceville Academy 
and at Pennington, N. J. He studied law 
with Maruiaduke B. Tavlor, of Canidcu, 



THE BExVCH ANT> BAR. 



231 



w,is aLlmitted a> au attorney in .hme, 1873, 
and as counselor iu November, 1881. He 
is a master and examiner in Chancerv. Mr. 
Fort lias devotp<l mueli of his time to edito- 
rial work. 

.ToHX F. .JoiJNE was born in Princeton, 
N. J., February 4, 1850, aud pursued his 
early studies at Treuton, N. J. He began 
his law studies with James Wilson, and con- 
cluded them with Peter L. Voorhees, of 
Camden ; was admitted as an attorney in 
1873, and as counselor some years later. 
He was also made a member of the Philadel- 
phia bar in 1882. Mr. Joline was clerk of the 
New Jersey House of Assembly in 1871-72, 
and is secretary and treasurer uf tlie West 
Jersey Ferry Company. 

Thoma.s B. Harned is a native of the 
city of Philadelphia, where he was born 
March 15, 1851, and received his early edu- 
cation at the common schools, after which he 
entered the Cohansey Glass Works, at Bridge- 
ton, N. J. At the age of nineteen he began 
the study of law with Hon. Charles T. Reed, 
of Camden, and graduated from the Ijaw 
Department of the University of Pennsyl- 
vania. He was admitted to practice during 
tiie June Term of 1874, and was made a 
counselor in 1X77. He speedily established 
a large criminal practice. Mr. Harned was 
a delegate to the Chicago Convention which 
nominated James (i. Blaine for the Presi- 
dency in 1884. 

Chari.es Van Dyke Joline was born 
August 7, 1851, and educated at the Academy 
and the State Model School, Trenton, N. J. 
He entered Princeton College in September, 
18()8, andwas graduated from that institu- 
tion in June, 1871. He began the study of 
law with Peter L. A^oorhees, of Camden, 
was made an attorney in 1874 and a coun- 
selor iu 1877. Mr. Joline is one of the in- 
corporators, and has been since its organiza- 
tion secretary, of the Camden County Bar 
Association. 

KitWAiiD Dt'DLEY was ijorn .lanuary 17, 



1849, in Camden, where his early .studies 
were pursued. Accompanying hi.^ father to 
England, he became a pupil of the Royal In- 
stitution School, in Liverpool. He returtied 
to America in 18(>6 and entered Harvard 
College, from which he was graduated in 
1870. Mr. Dudley then made an extended 
foreign tour, and was soon after appointed 
United States vice-counsul and acted as 
consul at Liverpool. He thus officiated 
until his return to Camden, in January, 1873, 
when, entering the office of Peter L. Voor- 
hees as a .student of law, he was admitted as 
an attorney in November, 1874, and as a 
couuiselor in 1877. He is a director and 
.solicitor of the National State Rank of 
Camden. 

Alexander Gray was born in Wilkes- 
Barre, Pa., February 5, 1834, and received 
his education at the common schools. He 
engaged for several years in business in his 
native city, and followed mechanical engi- 
neering and mining until 1866. In 1870 he 
began the .study of law with G. Lytel, Esq., 
of Princeton, N. J.; was admitted as an attor- 
ney in 1875, and as counselor iu 1878. He 
practicoid in Mercer ( "ounty until his removal 
to Camden, in 1880. 

Jdhn T. Woodhuel was born July 12, 

1850, at Mays Landing, Atlantic County, 
N. J. He was educated at home, at Free- 
hold and in Philadelphia ; began the study 
of law in 1869 with Aldeu C. Scovel, of 
Camden, and spent one year at the Harvard 
Law School. He was admitted February, 
1875, and has since practiced in Camden. 

WiEr.iAur C. Day-ton was born in July, 

1851, in Camden, and received his academic 
education at the West Jersey Academy, 
Bridgeton, N. J., and in Philadelphia. He 
afterward entered Princeton College and be- 
gan the study of law with his father, James 
B. Dayton, of Camden, was admitted as an 
attorney in February, 1875, and as a coun- 
selor in February, 1878. He is a director 
of the Camden Safe Deposit and Trust Com- 



23? 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



pauy and of the Canidfu and Atlantic Rail- 
road. 

Thomas E. French was born in Bur- 
lington County, N. J., Jartuary 5, 1855, and 
educated at the select and common schools of 
that county. He, in April, 1870, entered the 
law-office of B. D. Shreve, of Camden ; was 
admitted as an attorney in February, 1876, 
and as a counselor February, 1879. He 
began practice in Camden, formed a co-part- 
nership with William S. Ca.sselman, whicli 
Hrm was succeeded by Garrison, French & 
Casselman, and later by Garrison & French. 

Peter V. Voorhees was born in Mid- 
dlesex County June 18, 1852, and took his 
preparatory course at the Rutgers College 
Grammar School, New Brunswick, from 
whence he entered college in 1869, and grad- 
uated in 1873. He began his law studies 
with Peter L. Voorhees, of Camden, was 
admitted as an attorney in 1876, and three 
years after as counselor. He is associated 
with Peter I>i. Voorhees in the practice of his 
profession. 

John K. R. Hewitt was born in Cam- 
den January 29, 1855, and pursued his early 
studies at home and at the public schools. 
He then engaged in business and began the 
study of law some years later. He was made 
an attorney in June, 1876, and a counselor 
in 1880. He was elected, in 1878, solicitor 
for Gloucester City, and was clerk and solic- 
itor for the Board of Chcsen Freeholders of" 
Camden County from May, 1880 to 1881. 

Samuel D. Bergen, brother of Martin 
V. and Christopher A., was born April 9, 
1852, at Harlingeu, Somerset CJounty, New 
Jersey ; received his early education at Edge 
Hill School ; entered Princeton College in 
September, 1868, joining the class of 1872. 
On leaving college in 1872 he commenced the 
study of law with his brothers at Camden, 
and graduated as an attorney-at-law in June, 
1876. He was admitted as coun.selor-at-law 
in November, 1879, and has perhaps more 
reputation from the suit of the Freeholders 



IS. Alfred Haines, steward of the almshouse, 
than in any other one cause. He carried this 
suit through five trials or phases, being suc- 
cessful in each one and secured a final decis- 
ion in favor of the plaintiffs. He married 
Eliza F., daughter of Genge Browning. 

August F. Richter is a native of Phila- 
delphia, where he was born September 10, 
1855. He was educated at La Salle College 
and at Bryant & Stratton's Business College, 
Philadelphia, and began his law studies in 
1871 with Marmaduke B. Taylor, of Cam- 
den. The.se studies were continued at the 
Law Department of the University of Penn- 
.sylvania, after which he was admitted to 
practice at the November Term in 1876. 
He was, three years later, made a counselor. 
Joseph Willard Morgan was born 
July 6, 1854, on a farm near Blackwood, 
now (Tloucester, then C'amden, County, N. J., 
and educated at the common schools in 
his native county and in Philadelphia. He 
began the study of law with Honorable 
Charles P. Stratton, of Camden ; was admit- 
ted as an attorney in February, 1877, and as 
a counselor in February, 1881. He was ap- 
pointed to fill a vacancy in the City Council 
of Camden soon after reaching his majority, 
later elected for three years and subsequently 
re-elected. He has been for several years 
United States commissioner and is now city 
.■solicitor for the city of Camden. 

Samitei- W. Sparks is a native of Wil- 
liamstown, N. J., where he was born Decem- 
ber ?>0, 1855. He was educated at Absecom, 
Atlantic County, N. J., and afterward learned 
the trade of a pri.nter, which he followed for 
four years. He began the study of law with 
Alden C. Scovel, of Camden, and was ad- 
mitted to practice in 1877. He is master and 
■solicitor in Chancery, and has also been ad- 
mitted to practice in the State of Iowa. 

Timothy J. Middleton w;ts born Octo- 
ber 15, 1855, and educated in the city of 
Camden. He entered the office of Thomas 
B. Harncd in June, 1874 ; was admitted as 



THE BENCH AND BAR. 



233 



an attorney in 187S and as counsellor in 
18S1. He lias for several years been solicitor 
for the Board of Education of Camden, was 
in 1881 elected chosen freeholder and in 
1S82 clerk and solicitor for the Board of 
Chosen Freeholders. 

Lemuel J. Potts, a native of Camden, 
was born March 17, 1843, and educated at 
the public schools as also by private tutors. 
Removing to Illinois, he engaged in business, 
and (HI his return from the West Ijegan the 
study of law with Alden ( '. Scovel, of Cam- 
den. He was admitted to the bar in 1878, 
and three years later was made a counselor. 

Charles G. Garkison, M.D., is a native 
of Swedesboro', N. J. His education was re- 
ceived at the Edge Hill School, Princeton, 
at the Episcopal Academy, Philadelphia, and 
at the University of Pennsylvania. He 
graduated in 1872 from the Medical Depart- 
ment of that institution, and until 187() 
practiced medicine in Swedesboro', N. J. He 
then entered the office of Samuel H. Grey, 
of Camden, and was admitted to the bar in 
1878. He began practice in Camden as a 
member of the firm of Garrison & French. 
Mr. Garrison was made judge advocate-gen- 
eral of the National Guard of New Jersey 
in 1884 and chancellor of the Southern Dio- 
cese of the Protestant E[)iscopal Church of 
New Jersey in 1.S82. 

William S. H(JFFman is a native of Phil- 
adelphia and was born February 2, 1857. 
His education was received in the public 
schools of that city and in New York. He 
began the study of law in Camden with Al- 
fred Hugg, Es([.; was admitted as an attorney 
in November, 1878, and as a counselor in 
November, 1881. He has received the ap- 
pointment of master and examiner in Chan- 
cery. 

Henry A. Scovel, a native of Camden, 
N. J., was born February 25, 1858, and 
attended the school of Charles F. Woodhull, 
from whence he entered the Hyatt Military 
Academy, at Chester, I'a. He was admittetl 

29.1 



as an attorney Feliruary 2(i, 1879, and as a 
coun.^elor at the June Term, 1SS4. 

W.M. S. C.\s.SELMAN was burn December 
5, 1854, in Pliiiadelphia, and coming to 
( 'amden quite young, was educated in the 
public schools ; read law with Judge (Iharles 
P. Stratton ; was ailmitted to the bar as au at- 
torney in June, 1879, and as a counselor in 
June, 1883. 

JoNA.s S. Miller was born at Cape May 
City and educated at the West .Jersey 
Academy, at Bridgeton. He served an ap- 
prenticeship as a printer, and followed the 
trade until 1875, when, entering ujxin the 
study of law, he became a student in the 
office of his brother, Hon. Richard T. Miller, 
of Camden. He was made an attorney in 

1879, and a counselor in 1883. During the 
latter year he was appointed prosecutor of 
the pleas for Cape May C'ounty, N. J., and 
still fills the office. 

Franklin C. A\'ik)LM.\x was born Octo- 
ber 11, 1855, in Burlington, N. J. He was 
educated in Philadelphia ami later entered 
Princeton College. He l)egan the study of law 
in 1875, in the office of Hon. David J. I'an- 
coast, of Camden, and graduated from the 
Law Department of the Uuiversity of Penn- 
svlvania in 1877. Mr. Woolman was ad- 
mitted to the bar as an attorney in 1879, and 
as coun.sclor in 1883. 

Edward Ajubler ARMSTR()X(i was l)orn 
in Woodstown, Salem County, N. J., De- 
cendier 28, 1858, and educatei^l in the 
Woodstown Academy and the Millville 
High School. In 1876 he entered the law- 
office of George N. Conrow, and, upon the 
death of the latter, finished his studies with 
Benjamin D. Shreve, of Camden. He was 
admitted to the bar at the February Term of 

1880. In 1883 he was elected to the As- 
sembly from the First District of Camden 
County, and upon his re-election, in 1884, 
was made Speaker of the House at the age of 
twenty-six years, being the youngest man 
who has occupied the position. He was 



234 



HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



elertcd for tlu; tliiril teriii in IS80, ami was 
re-elected Speaker, l)eiiig by virtue of that 
office a trustee of the State School Board and 
a member of the State Board of Education. 

Samimu, K. RouniNS was born in Mount 
Holly, N. J., May 9, 1853, and after a |)rc- 
paratory course, grailuated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1874. In 1877 he began the study 
of law with Charles E. Hendrickson, of 
Mount Holly; was admitted June, 1880, and 
as a counsellor in 1884. He is the present 
prosecutor of the pleas for the county of 
Burlington. Mr. Iiol)bins also has an office 
in Moorestown, N. J. 

Samtel p. Joxks was born in Kent 
County, Delaware, and educated principally 
in Burlington County, N. J., and Camden. 
He began the study of law in 1876, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1880. He has since 
been engaged in practice in Camden. 

Edmund B. Leaminc; was born at South 
Seaville, Cape May County, N. J., May 27, 

1857, and educated by his father. He grad- 
uated at the Capital City Commercial Col- 
lege, Trenton ; began the study of law with 
Judge James Buchanan, of Trenton, in 1877 ; 
was admitted in February, 1881, and made 
a counselor tiire(M'cars after. He is a mem- 
ber of the firm of Ijcaming, ]51ack iV: Klioads, 
of C^amden. 

John J. Cuandau, was born in Tioga 
County, N. Y., Novemi)er 8, 18.'>(), and edu- 
cated at the academy in Oswego, N. Y. 
He entered the law-offi<« of Thomas Far- 
rington, of thesanje town, and continued his 
studies at Troy, Pa,, while princi])al of liie 
Troy Academy. lie was admitted to prac- 
tice in the courts of Michigan in 18r)(), wliei'o 
he pursued his profession until 1870. Re- 
moving to New Jersey, he was admitfcHl to 
the Camden County bar at the June Term of 
1880, and as counselor in 188.'3. 

Fi.oitANc F. HooATE, a native of (ilou- 
ccster County, N. J., w-as born March 15, 

1858, and educated at Bridgeton, in the com- 
mon schools and at the West Jersey Acad- 



emy. He entered the office of M. B. Taylor, 
Esq., as a student ; was admitted to the bar 
at the February Term, 1881, and at once 
began practice in Camden. He is officially 
connected with several important corporations 
in the State. 

John Harris was born in IJurliiigtou 
("ounty, N. J., May U), 18(j0, and in youth 
attended the common schools. He entered 
the law-office of Messrs. Jenkins & Jenkins, 
in Camden, and was admitted as an attt)rncy 
in June, 1881 ; three years later he was made 
a counselor. He was elected clerk of the 
Jioard of Chosen Freeholders in May, 1886. 
He is a member of the law-firni of Scovel & 
Harris. 

Hknry M. Snvdkh, Jr., was born Feb- 
ruary 15, 1857, in Philadelphia, and educated 
at the public schools. He read law with 
Peter L. Voorhees, of Camden; was admitted 
as an attorney in 1881, and as counselor in 
1884. He is, for the second term, a member 
of the Camden City Council. 

B. F. H. Shreve was born at Mount 
IIollv, and graduated at Trinity College, 
Hartford, Conn. He began the study of law 
with B. I). Shreve, and was admitted as an 
attorney in 188.'). He is located in Camden. 

Charles 1. Wooster was born in llain- 
monton, X. J., March 25, 184ti, anti received 
his preliminary education at the public schools 
of Camden County. He was afterward made 
de[)uty county clerk and under-sheriff of the 
county. He entered the law-office of Messrs. 
IJergen & Bei-gen, attorneys, as a student, 
an<l began practice in June, 1881, when he 
was admitted. 

WlEI.IAM W. WOODHITI,!,, Jr., was boru 
July 12, 1858, at May's Landing, New Jer- 
sey, and received his early education in private 
schools of Camden. He began the study of 
law, October 3, 187(5, in the office of Peter 
L. Voorhees, and was admitted to practice 
at the June term of court, 1881. He was 
for something over a year in the office of 
Colonel Isaac Buckalew, then suitei-iutendeMt 



THE BENCH AND BAR. 



235 



of the Amboy Division of the Peuusylvania 
Railroad, as private secretary. He dieil 
Fcl)ruary 9, 1882, just as lie was about enter- 
ing upon tlie practice of law. He was a 
young man of remarkable promise. 

Alfkei) L. Br.ACK, Jr., was oorn No- 
vember 1(3, 1858, in Chesterfieiil township, 
Burlington County, N. J. After attemling 
a private school in Ocean County, N. J., he 
entered the sophomore class at Princeton 
and graduated June 20, 1878. He begau 
the study of law with James Wilson, Es([., 
of Trenton, X. .1.; was admitted in Novem- 
ber, ISSl, and made a counselor in 1881. 
He began practice in Camden in 1881 as one 
ot' the firm of Learning A: Black (now 
Leaming, Black tt Khoads). The firm are 
city solicitors for Cape May, Sea Isle City, 
Anglesea, Ocean City and South Atlantic 
City. 

H()WAF!i) .1. SxANciEK, a native of Cam- 
den, was l)orn in Camden County, N. J., 
De<'ember 211, 1857, and educated principally 
by private tutors. He entered upon the 
study of law in the s])ring of 1878 with 
Hon. Charles T. Keed, of Camden; was 
made an attorney at the June Term of 1882, 
and a counselor in June, 1885. He is a 
master, examiner and solicitor in Chancery. 

Juiix W. W.\KTM.\.v was born in Camden, 
N. J., December 1(1, 1857, and educated at 
the |)ublic schools. He began the study of 
law with Thomas J5. Harned, June 1, 1878 ; 
was admitted to practice iu June, 1882, and 
as counselor in June, 1885. He had been 
for three years a member of the City Coun- 
cil ol' Camden. 

I lowARO Carik >w was born September .'30, 
18(10, in Camden, Delaware, and educated at 
Bridgeton and in Philadi'Iphia. He began 
the study of law with Thomas B. Harned, of 
Camden, and was admitted in June, 1882. 
Three years later he was madi; a counselor. 
He was also, in 1 882, admitted as member of 
the United States Coiu-t. 

Edmund E. Rkad, Jk., .son of John S. 



Read, was boiii in ( 'auiden, August 7, 1859. 
He obtained a preparatory education in the 
school of William Fewsmith,at 1(»()8 Chest- 
nut Street, Philadelphia, and then entered 
th(^ I 'Diversity of i'ennsyl vania, from which 
institution he was graduated with the degree 
of A. B., in the yc^ar I87;t. Studied law in 
the otiiee of I'eler L. N'oorhee.s, and was 
admitted to the bar in .lune, |8i;2, and has 
since practiced in Camden. He is a director 
of the Camden Fire 1 nsni-ance A.ssociation ; 
secretary of the I'"i'ankliii, Peo|)le's and ( 'ity 
Building Associations, and secretary of the 
(iloucester Turnpike Company. 

Samitkl W. Beldivn was born in Bor- 
dentown, X. J., April 4, 18(51, and graduated 
at the New Jersey ('ollegiate Institute 
in 187(). He began the study of law 
with ex-.ludge James Buchanan in 1878, 
was admitted to the bar as an attorney in 
IS.S2, and as counselor in 1885. He entered 
into partnership with Judge Buchanan in 
1882, and two years later became a member 
of the firm of Hutchinson it Beldon, of 
Camden and Bordentowii. 

John V. Harned was born March 28, 
1856, in Camden, and e(lucated at the public 
schools. He actpiired the trade of a printer, 
followed it for six years and began the study 
of law in 1878 with M. B. Taylor, Es(|., of 
Camden. He was admitted to the bar during 
the fall term of 1882, and as a cwun.selor in 
November, 1885. He has since practiced in 
Camden. 

Edwai;i) H. SAiNDEiis, son of the sur- 
veyor of the same name, was born in ('am- 
den, read law with Howard M. Cooper, was 
ailnutted to practice in Novendjer, 1882, and 
died about two years later. 

Thomas P. Curley, a native of Camdeu, 
was born Se[)tend)er 19, 18()l,and received 
his education in the ]>arochial schools con- 
nected with the Church of the Immaculate 
Conception and the I^a Salle College, I'hila- 
del[)hia. He clio.sc the law as a profession ; 
was admitted as an attorney November, 1882, 



236 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



and made a lua^^tur in C'hauceryin February, 
1883. 

Robert C. Hutchinsdn was lioiii in 
Yardville, Mercer County, N. J., December 
14, 1859, and educated at the Lawrenceville 
High Scliool and at Harvard College. He 
entered the Harvard Law School, continued 
his studies with the late Alden C. Scovel, of 
Camden, and admitted to the bar in 1883. He 
has offices in Camden and Bordentown, and is 
a member of the firm of Hutchinson & Belden. 

Walter P. Blackwood was born at 
Moorestown, N. J., November 26, 1861, and 
educated in the public schools of Camden. 
He adopted the law as a profession in 1878, 
studied with J. Willard Morgan, and was 
admitted in February, 1883. 

Richard S. Ridgway Avas born in Cam- 
den August 7, 1859, and received his edm-a- 
tion at the public schools. He entered liie 
law-office of Alfred Hugg in 1879, and was 
made an attorney in 1883. 

Israel Roberts was born in Burlington 
County, N. J., June 19, 1858, received his 
early education at private schools, and gradu- 
ated from Swarthmore College, Pa., in 1878. 
He entered the office of Thomas H. Dudley 
& Son as a student of the law in Sejitembcr, 
1880, and wa.s admitted to the bar as an at- 
torney in 1883. 

George Reynolds was born in Philadel- 
phia, Jan. 30, 1859, and educated at the Bur- 
lington (N. J.) public schools. He studied law 
with Hon. Richard T. Miller, of Camden, and 
was made an attorni^y in February, 1884. 

Samhet, N. SiiRF.VE was born Sept. HI, 
1860, at Mount Laurel, Burlington Co., N. J., 
and finished his academic studies at tiic West- 
town Boarding-Scliool, Chester Co., I'a. He 
chose the law as a profession, and, entering the 
office of lienjamin 1). Slircvc, of Camden, 
was admitted at the February Tern), 1884. 

Ulysses G. Styron was born at Cape 
Hatteras, N. C, September 3, 18()3,and pur- 
sued his studies at the common schools of iiis 
county, in May, 187-"., he canu; to Camden, 



and entered the office of Hon. E. A. Armstrong 
as a student Jan. 1, 1881. He was admitted 
to practice at the February Term, 1 885. 

L. D. H. GiLMOUR was born October 27, 
1860, at Cape May City and educated at the 
South Jer.sev Institute, Bridgeton. He became 
a student in law-office of H. M. ( 'ooper in 1 881 
and was made an attorney in 1885. He is also 
associated with the Pennsylvania Railroad. 
• George A. Vkoom was born Oct. 21, 1861 , 
in New Brunswick, N. J., and received his 
education at Rutgers College. He began the 
study of law witii John T. Woodhull, Esq., of 
('amdeii, and was admitted to the Camden 
County bar at the June term of 1885, after 
which he began practice in Camden. 

JosHi'A E. Borton was born November 
16, 1861, in Mount Laurel, Burlington 
( 'ouutv. New Jersey, and educated at the 
public schools at Bordentown and in C'liester 
County, Pa. He beaime a student of the 
law in November, 1880, under the precep- 
torship of Messrs. Jenkins t*i: Jenkins, of Cam- 
den, and was admitted in November, 1884. 

William P. Fowler, born in Philadel- 
|ihia Octol)er 7, 1857, was educated at the 
South .lersey Institute, Bridgeport, N. J., 
i-cad law with Judge David J. Pancoast and 
Marmaduke B. Taylor, Esip, of Camden, and 
was admitted to the bar November 6, 1884. 

Schuyler C. Woodhull was born Oct. 
22, 1863, in Camden and was educated by a 
private tutor. He began the study of law w^itli 
his brother, Hon. Geo. S. Woodhull, in 1881, 
and concluded with Judge David J. l*ancoast, 
after which he was admitted in Feb., 1886. 

I'e.wnington T. HiLitUHi'ii was Ixn-n at 
C'a[)e May Conrt-Housc and educiited at 
iVnnington, X. J. He began his legal 
studies in 1882 with John B. Hott'man, Es(p, 
and concluded tlicm with Judge David J. 
Pancoast, of Camden. He was made an at- 
torney at the June Term of 1886. 

"The Camden C\)t'NTY Bar Assoclv- 
TKiN "' was incorporated \\m\ 16, 1881, by 
Al)raliaiii Browning, Thomas Jl. Dudley, 



A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 



237 



Peter L. Vi)orliees, Benjamin D. Shreve, 
C!hristoplier A. Bergen, Richard T. Miller, 
Howard M. Cooper, David J. Pancoast, Her- 
bert A. Drake, William C. Dayton, Peter Y. 
Voorhees, Charles V. D. Joline. Its ob- 
jects were '' To maintain the honor and dig- 
nity of the profession, to cultivate social re- 
lations among its members, to promote and 
encourage the more profound study of the 
law, the due administration of justice and re- 
form in the law and to establish and maintain 
an efficient lawlibrary in the City of Camden." 

Meets first Monday of every month at its 
library, 106 Market Street, Camden. Annua! 
meeting, first Monday of May each yeai-. 
There are about forty -three members. TJie 
present officers are, — President, Abraham 
Browning ; 1st Vice President, Thomas H. 
Dudley ; 2d Vice President, Peter L. Voor- 
iiees ; Treasurer, Howard M. Cooper ; Secre- 
tary, Charles V. D. Joline. Managers, C. A. 
Bergen, chairman ; B. D. Shreve, C. D. Shreve, 
R. T. Miller, H. A. Drake, P. V. Vooihees, 
VV. S. Casseiman. There are also the follow- 
ing committees; Admission, grievances, pro- 
secutions, amendment of the law. 

The association maintains a library that is 
constantly growing in size and value. Its 
rooms are on the third floor of 106 Market 
Street, adjoining the chambers of the Court 
of Chancery, and are complete in every re- 
spect as a place for lawyers to retire and 
work up a difficult case. Among the books 
are the English Common Ijaw and Equity 
Reports and the Reports of the United 
States Supreme Court. Reports of the States 
of Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New 
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, ( )hio, 
Michigan, California, besides a large number 
of digests, commentaries, statutes, etc. 

The association h;us taken a great interest 
in legislation, and every winter since its or- 
ganization it has introduced bills looking to 
the improvement of local measures and sent 
a committee to the Legislature to effect their 
passage. 

30 



C H A P T E R XIV. 

A HISTORY OF MKDICIXE AND MEDICAL 
MEN. 

BY JOHN R. STEVENSON, .\.M., M.D. 

"At the annual meeting of the Camden Connty 
Medical Society, held at Gloucester City on May 11, 
1880, on motion it was Resolved, that Dr. John R. 
Stevenson, of Haddonfield, be appointed a (Committee 
of one to prepare a History of Medicine and Medical 
Men in Camden County and report the same at the 
next semi-annual meeting in November." 

Two hundred years ago, in 1686, seven 
years after the first .settlement in what is now 
Camden County, there was ni)t a medical 
man in it. The few settlers were lottated 
along the shore of the Delaware River, and 
on Coopers, Newton and Little Timber 
Creeks, where the water formed the only 
means of easy communication with each otliei". 
There were no roads, no bridges to cross the 
streams, and the trail of the Indian was the 
only route through the wilderness. A few- 
medicinal herbs brought from home had 
been transplanted into the gardens. With 
the virtues of these they were familiar. The 
new country abounded in native plants, 
who.se healing powers had been for ages 
tested by the aborigines, and a knowledge of 
whose properties they conveyed to their white 
neighbors. Each autumn the careful house- 
wife collected the horehound, boneset, penny- 
royal, sassafras and other herlis to dry for 
future use. This custom is still pursued in 
the remote parts of the county, and to-day a 
visit to the garrets of many farm-houses will 
reveal the bunches of drietl herbs, a knowl- 
edge of whose merits has been handed down 
from generation to generation, — -a knowledge 
that has spread beyond its neigliborhood, and 
has been incorporated in our Pharmacopieias 
and Dispensatories. 

In each settlement there was some elderly 
matron of superior skill and experience in 
midwifery wlio kindly volunteered her ser- 
vice in presiding at the birth of a new colonist. 



238 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



I II tlie hark canoe arouud by the water-way, 
or seated on a pillion strapped behind the 
saddle of the j)atient's messenger, riding double 
through the woods, this obstetrician would be 
conveyed from her own home to that of her 
suffering neighbor. When a wound was 
received or a bone broken, there was no 
surgeon to dress the former or set the latter. 
The wound, bound up as best it might be, 
was left for the cool water of the brook or 
spring to allay the pain and inflammation. The 
broken bone was placed at rest in that posi- 
tion least painful to the patient, to await the 
process of nature to make an indifferent cure. 
As soon as Philadelphia had grown sufficient- 
ly to attract physicians, one was called from 
there to attend important cases of surgical 
injurie,s, and as highways were opened and 
the settlers increa.sed in wealth, the most 
thriving of them would send for the city 
doctor in other .serious illness. This practice 
has continued even to our time. 




AN OLD-TIME DOCTOK. 

Such were tJie primitive means and 
methods of medication in Camden County at 
the beginning of the eighteenth century, 
when John Estaugh, arriving from England, 
married, in 1702, Elizabeth Haddon, the 
founder of Haddon field. Although not a 
physician, he " had some skill in chemistry 
and medicine," and made himself useful in 
his neighborhood, especially by his attend- 
ance upon the poor. His first residence 
was upon the south side of Coopers Creek, 
about four miles from Camden, but in 1713 



he removed to the vicinity of Haddonfield, 
where he died in 1 742. 

The jiermission to practice medicine was a 
prerogative that belonged to the crown, under 
English law, and when a charter was granted 
in 1664, to the Duke of York for the prov- 
ince of New Jersey, this prerogative, im- 
plied or expressed, was granted to him and to 
his successors in the persons of the Gover- 
nors. On March 5, 1706, Governor Richard 
Ingolsby, at Burlington, i.ssued the following 
liceu.se: "To Richard Smith, Gentleman, 
greeting; Being well informed of your knowl- 
edge, skill and judgment in the practice of 
chirurgeryand phesig, I do hereby license and 
authorize you to practice the said sciences of 
chirurgery and phesig within this her Maje.s- 
tys province of New Jersey, for and during 
pleasure." On May 24, 1706, a similar 
license was granted to Nathaniel Wade.' 
In 1772 the New Jersey State Medical 
Society procured the passage of an act, limit- 
ed to five years, which provided that all 
applicants to practice medicine in the State 
shall be examined by two judges of the 
Supreme Court (they calling to their assistance 
any skilled physician or surgeon), to whom 
they may issue a certificate. This law was 
re-enacted in 1784, and continued in force 
until 1816, when a new charter granted to 
the State society transferred the power of 
licensure to it. 

The first record of a physician in the 
county is in the "Town-Book" of Newton 
township, among the minutes of a meeting 
held on September 29, 1731. The record 
says, — "and to pay themselves ye sum of 
four pounds twelve shillings and two pence 
being due to them from the township upon 
acct. of the poor, and to pay Doctr. Kersay 
for administg physic to sd. Hart. " The 
person referred to here was one of the I)rs. 
Kearsley, of Philadelphia. The elder, r)r. 
John Kearsley, was a native of England, and 

' Hon. Jolin Clement's MSS. 



A HISTORY OF MEniCINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 



239 



came to this country in 1711. He was tlie 
third j)hysician to settle and practice medi- 
cine in Philadelphia, and was a prominent 
and able man, botli as a practitioner and a 
citizen. He was a member of the Colonial 
Assembly and a popular orator. He died in 
1732. There was a younger Dr. Kearsley, 
a nephew of the first-named, who succeeded 
to his uncle's practice. He espoused the 
cause of the proprietors and crown against 
the rights of colonists, a proceeding that 
madehiin very unpopular, and caused him to 
be subjected to such gross indignities as to 
induce chronic insanity. As Newton town- 
sliip then embraced the territory bordering 
on the river-shore opposite to Philad«^lphia, 
it is probable that the practice of both these 
l)hysicians extended across the river into this 
county. 

The next notice of a physician in Camden 
County is to be found in the " Registry of 
Wills," at Trenton. Under tiie date of 1 748 
is recorded the will of "John Craig, Doctor 
of Piiysick, of Haddonfield." He evidently 
had practiced medicine there, but whence he 
came or how long he lived there cannot now 
be ascertained. There is no positive record 
of what were the prevalent diseases in early 
times in Camden County. Small-pox pre- 
vailed occasionally, and, after tlie discovery 
of inoculation in 1721, was combated by 
that method of treatment. Inflammatory 
diseases were common among a po])ulation 
exposed to the vicissitudes of an unaci'us- 
tomed climate. Dysentery occurred in July 
and August. Although all the houses in 
early days were built on the streams, there is 
circumstantial evidence to show that malarial 
fevers were at first infrecpient ; nor did tiiey 
become prevalent until considerable extent 
of forest had been cleared away, and the 
soil of much new ground upturned by the 
plough. The first information on this sub- 
ject from a professional source is furnished 
by Peter Kalm,a professor in the University 
of Arbo, iu Sweden, who, by order of the 



Swedish government, visited, among other 
places, filoucester County between 1747 and 
1749. At Raccoon (Swedesboro') he found 
that fever and ague was more common than 
other dis(»ases. It showed tlie same charac- 
teristics as are found to-day. It was quotid- 
ian, tertian and quartan, and prevailed iu 
autuuui and wiutei-, and in low places more 
than in high ones ; some years it was preva- 
lent throughout the coimty (Camden County 
was then included iu it), wiiile iu others 
there would be but very few (wses. The 
remedies then employed to overcome it were 
Jesuit's (Peruvian) bark, bark of the yellow 
poplar and root of the dog-wood. Pleurisy 
was also very common, and was fatal with 
old peo])le. Under this name were classed 
many cases of pneumonia, a disease not then 
well understood. 

In 1771 Kesiah Tonkins, widow of Joseph, 
who died in 17G5, lived on a farm between 
C'amden and Gloucester City, known as the 
" Mickle estate." Betsveen that date and 
1776 she married Dr. Benjamin Vanleer, 
who lived with her on this place. She was 
the daughtei' of Joseph Ellis, of Newton 
township. It is supposed tiiat Dr. Vanleer 
practiced in the surrounding country, as he 
took an active part in the affairs of the peo- 
ple, being one of a " Committee of Corre- 
spondence " for Gloucester County in the year 
1775, in relation to the troubles between 
the colonies and the mother government. 
He was a man of fashion, dressed in the 
Continental style, with kuee-lireeches, and 
was proud of his " handsome leg." He did 
not remain long in New Jersey. A Dr. 
Benjamin Vanleer residing, iu 178.'i, on 
Water Street, between Race and Vine, I'hil- 
adelphia, is supposed to be the same persou. 

Although this history is confined to that 
portion of Gloucester which is now Camden 
C'ounty, yet Dr. Thomjis Hendry, of Wood- 
bury, ought to be classed among its physi- 
cians, because his field of practice included 
this section, aud for tiie reason that his de- 



240 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



scendants became practitioners in it. He 
was born in 1747, in Burlington County, of 
English parentage, his mother's name being 
Bowman, from whom her sou received his 
surname. He served in the Revolutionary 
War, being commissioned superintendent of 
hospital April 3, 1777; surgeon Third Bat- 
talion, Gloucester. "Testimonials from Gen- 
eral Dickinson and General Heard, certifying 
that Dr. Hendry had served as a surgeon to 
a brigade of militia, that he had acted as a 
director and superintendent of a hospital, and 
recommending that he should be allowed a 
compensation adequate to such extraordinary 
services, was read and referred to the hon'- 
ble Congress." He took an active part in 
political affairs, and was once clerk of the 
county. He died September 12, 1822. 

The next physician in Camden County 
was Dr. Benjamin H. Tallman, who prac- 
ticetl in Haddonfield. He probably located 
there about 1786, the year in which he was 
licensed to practice in New Jersey. From 
the year 1788 to 1793 he was the township 
physician, as it appears that in each of tlio.se 
years he was paid by it for his services in 
attending tlie poor. He was elected a mem- 
ber of the Friendship Fire Company of 
Haddonfield, September (J, 1792. On 
October 4, 1791, he read a paper before the 
College of Physicians of Philadelphia, on 
the sudden effects of an effusion of cold 
water in a case of tetanus. He died about 
1796. 

Cotemporary with the above-named phy- 
sician was Dr. Evan Clement. He was the 
son of Samuel Clement, who married Beulah 
Evans in 1758. They had two children, 
Samuel and Evan.' The latter was born in 
Haddonfield, but the exact date is not known, 
neither is there any record of when or where 
he studied medicine. He married, A()ril 8, 
1 795, Anna, daugiiter of James and Kliza- 
beth Wills, and lived in the biick iiouse at 

' Hon. John Clement's .MSS. 



the corner of Main and Ellis Street,s, re- 
cently purchased and taken down by Alfred 
W. Clement. Dr. Clement was in practice 
there in 1794, and died in 1798. He was 
the first native of the county to adopt the 
profession of medicine and practice it in his 
native place. 

It is a noteworthy circumstance that ibr a 
hundred years after the settlement of the 
county no one born in it had studied medi- 
cine. The poorer classes were unable to 
procure the means for acquiring the requisite 
education, while the wealthier ones altogether 
neglected it. It is true that prior to the foinid- 
ing of the University of Pennsylvania, in 1765, 
the only means of obtaining a knowledge of 
medicine was either to pursue a course ot 
study under some competent physician, wliere 
the student was apt to be considered half a 
servant, or else by attendance at a medical 
school in England. The prospects of pro- 
fessional or pecuniary succe.ss in the county 
were not flattering. But in addition to this, 
there was a sentiment in this community 
unfriendly to the medical profession as a 
calling. In sickness the ministrations of 
friends and relatives, with their teas and 
potions, and the quack remedies of popular 
charlatans, who flourished then as well as 
now, were deemed sufficient. If, after this 
medication, the patient died, it was attributed 
to a " wise dispensation of Providence." The 
midwives were considered to be adequate to 
manage ob.stetrical cases. There .still lingered 
among the people the tradition of their 
English ancestors, that tlie red and white 
striped pole was the sign of the combined 
office of barber and surgeon. These preju- 
dices fi)und ex|)ression in two diametrically 
opposite opinions. Tiie stout, robust farmer 
and the active and alert merchant and me- 
chanic looked with contempt upon a yoiilli 
who had aspirations for the life of a i)hysi- 
cian as one who was too lazy to work. The 
women, whose remembrances of the midnight 
ride of the doctor through rains and snow 



A HISTORY OF .MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 



241 



ami cliilliug winds, thought the liard.ships 
and exposure too great for their brothers and 
sous. Tiiese prejudices passed away but 
slowly. 

Dr. John Blackwood, who began his pro- 
fessional career in Haddontield, became the 
successor of Dr. Evan Clement, not only by 
succeeding to his practice, but by marrying 
his widow in 1799. He was the sou of 
Joseph and Rebecca Blackwood, and wa* 
born at Black woodtown, July 28, 1772. His 
wife was a member of Friends' Meeting, but 
was di.sowned for marrying out of it. Dr. 
Blackwood remained but a short time in 
HaddonKchl. He removed to Mount Holly, 
where he became prominent in public affairs, 
serving at one time as postmaster and also as 
judge of the Court of Common Pleas and 
Orphans' Court of Burlington County.' He 
died in Mount Holly March 16, 1840. 

Up to the close of the eighteenth century 
Haddonfield may be considered as having 
been the medical centre of the territory of 
Camden County. It was not only the oldest 
town in it, but it was the third oUlest in the 
State. All the physicians who had practiced 
within the limits of the county had either 
lived in Haddonfield or Newton township, 
of which it was the seat of authority. J''or 
nearly half a century later it still retained 
its pre-eminence, until the growth of Cam- 
den, and its becoming the seat of justice ibr 
the county, transferred the supremacy to the 
latter. 

In more recent times Haddonfield has had 
the doubtful honor of being the seat of one 
of the notorious John Buchanan's (of Phila- 
delphia) bogus medical colleges. Between 
1870 and 1880 the doctor owned a farm on 
the Clement's Bridge road, about four miles 
from the place, upon which he spent a por- 
tion of his time. During this period diplo- 
mas of the mythical " Univ(n-sitv of Medi- 
cine and Surgery of Haddonfield, N. J.," 

' S. Wickes' History of Medicine in .New Jersey. 



were oti'cred for sale by his agents in Eu- 
rope. 

The period now being considered was a 
transition one for the uation, which was tiien 
being developed from the former colonies, 
through a confederation of independent 
States, into a great empire. The science and 
practice of medicine here participated in this 
change. At this time there appeared in 
Camden County a physician, who was des- 
tined to be its Hi[)po('rates for forty years, 
and whose memory, though dead for half a 
century, is still preserved green in the farm- 
hou.ses and hamlets of this county. This 
was Dr. Bowman Hendry, son of Dr. Thos. 
Hendry, of \\'oodbury. 

Dr. Bowman Hendry was born October 1 , 
177o. He was educated at the Woodbury 
Academy, pursuing his studies under a Mr. 
Hunter, a classical scholar and a man of 
high literary attainments. At the age of 
seventeen he commenced the study of medi- 
cine, under the preceptorship of his father, 
and then attended lectures at the University 
(if Pennfsylvania, residing, as a pupil, in the 
house of Dr. Duftield. When about twenty 
years of age, and .still a student, the Whiskey 
Insurrection broke out in Penn.sylvania, and 
troops being called out for its suppression, 
young Hendry joined the ranks as a private 
soldier, and marched with them to Lancas- 
ter. The influence of his father, with Pro- 
fessor James, the surgeon of the troops, se- 
cured his release from the ranks, a prema- 
ture e.xamination at the University, whitth he 
successfully pa.s.sed, and his appointment as 
assistant surgeon of the troops. This was a 
bloodless war, and soon ended. Dr. Hendry 
now began to look around for a field for 
practice, finally .selecting Haddonfield. He 
liegan his active life as a physician in 1794, 
and upon the death of Doctors Tallman and 
Clement, and the removal of Dr. Blackwood 
to Mount Holly, he became the only doctor 
in the place. His practice now increased 
very rapidly, and stretched over a large ex- 



242 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



tent of territon', exteiuling from the Dela- 
ware liiver to the sea-sliore, a distance of 
sixty miles. He was a man of indefatigable 
industry and indomitable perseverance in the 
])iirsuit of his calling. Kind-hearted and gen- 
erous, lie possessed that suamter in re which 
won the affection of his patrons. Many ai'e 
the anecdotes that are recorded of him. 

For fifteen years he made his visits on 
horseback, having no carriage. At length 
he procured at a vendue an old sulky, wiiich 
was only an ordinary chair placed upon 
wooden springs, without a top to protect him 
from the sun or rain. The price [)aid for the 
vehicle and harness was thirty dollars. An 
old " Friend " witnessing this extravagance, 
remarked, " Doctor, I fear thee is too fast in 
making this purchase. Thee will not be 
able to stand it, and make thy income meet 
thy expenses." This gives us an idea of the 
life of a physician in those days, and of the 
value of his services in the public estima- 
tion. In his journeys through the " Pines " 
on the Atlantic slope he would sotuetimes 
become lost at night, and be cunipelled to 
sleep in tlie woods, tying his horse to a tree. 
He was always prompt to answer every call, 
no matter whether the patient was rich or 
poor, and being a furious driver, he had been 
known, in cases of emergency, to break down 
a good horse in his hurry to quickly reacli 
the bedside, and that, too, in a case where he 
knew that he would not receive any pay for 
his services. It iias been estimated thai, in 
the course of forty years, he wore out over 
two hundred horses. He risked his lite and 
gave his services in all cases. A family of 
negroes, living seven miles from Haddon- 
field, were attended by him for typhus fever, 
and, although warned that they were vaga- 
bonds, thieves and utterly worthless, yet he 
not only continued his visits, but gave them 
medicine and sent them |(rovisions from a 
neighboring store. 

Notwithstanding the arduous duties of 
such an extensive jsrivate practice, Dr. Hen- 



dry found time to attend to public duties. 
For many years he had charge of the Glou- 
cester County Almshouse. He served as 
surgeon of Captain J. B. Cooper's volunteer 
cavalry in 1805, formed from the young men 
of Haddonfield and Woodbury. He took 
ail active part in religious affairs. He was a 
member and vestryman of St. Mary's Pro- 
testant Episcopal C^hurch, Colestown, until 
itj congregation was drawn away from it by 
tiie building of new churches in the growing 
towns of Moorestown and Camden. Dr. 
Hendry was one of the originators of St. 
Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church in Cam- 
den, and was chairman of the first meeting 
held in the city hall, in that city, March 12, 
18;30, whereat the organization of this ciiurch 
was completed. At this meeting he was 
elected one of its vestrymen. 

Dr. Hendry was a physician of gi'eat abil- 
ity, and one who kept pace with the growth 
of knowledge in his profession. He stood 
pre-eminent in this county, both as a physi- 
cian and surgeon, and his services as a con- 
sultant were in frequent request. He pos- 
sessed tho.se magnetic personal attributes 
which endeared him to the people to such an 
extent, that when his barn, hor.ses and equip- 
ments were destroyed by an incendiary fire, 
they raised a sni).><cription for him and 
f[uickly relniilt the building and replaced the 
destroyed personal property. With these he 
combined the .sterling qualities of the true 
physician. No doctor in this county has 
done more to elevate the practice of meilicine 
from a trade to a profession. By his exam- 
ple he taught this community that there was 
attachetl to it a philanthropy and a benevo- 
lence that widely separates it from other oc- 
cupations, and, by dying a poor man, when 
so many opportunities offered to secure gain, 
he illustrated the fact that the services of 
such men cannot be measured by money. 

Dr. Hendry married, June 7, 1798, ICliz- 
al)cth, daughter of Dr. Charles Duffield, of 
Philadelphia, and had seven daughters and 



A HISTORY OF MEPICIXE AND MEDICAL :MEi\. 



243 



two sons, — Charles H.aiid Bowman ilt'iulry, 
l)oth physicians in Camden ('oiiiity. 

Coteuiporary with the early portion of I>r. 
Hendry's (career, and located at Colestown, 
three miles distant from him, was Dr. Sam- 
uel Iiloointield, who lived in ii .small hi])-roof 
frame house on the road from Haddonfieid 
to Mooresfown, just north of the (thurcii. 
This house was torn down a few years since. 
Dr. Bloomfield, horn in 1756, was the second 
.son of Dr. Mo.ses Bloomfield, of Woodl)ridt;e, 
X. J., and younger hrother of Joseph, who 
became (to vernor of New Jer.sey. In 17!l(> 
the doctor applied for admission to the State 
Society, but did not press his application, 
and his name was dropped. It is not known 
how long he followed his profession here, 
but his practice must have been limited in 
con.sequence of his convivial habits, and the 
great popularity of his competitor. lie died 
in 1806, and was buried in St. Marv's ' 
Churchyard, now Colestown (Jemetery. 
Two of his .sons who survived him fell in 
the War of 1812. 

There is no record of any piiysician hav- 
ing settled in Camden jtrior to the nineteenth 
century. Its proximity to Philadelphia 
.seems to have made the village dependent 
upon its neighbor for its medical attendance. 
It is probable that some (k)ctor may have 
attempted to practice there for a short time, 
but, not succeeding, moved away, leaving no 
trace behind him, not even as much as did a 
Dr. Ellis, who, in 1800, had an otlico on 
Market Street, above Second. The only fact 
preserved of him is that in this year he 
dressed the wounded forearm of a child, but 
first bled the patient in the other arm before 
binding up the wound, yet the child recovered. 

Dr. Samuel Harris was the first physician 
to .settle permanently in Camden. As he 
was the connecting link between the old- 
fashioned practitioners of the la.st century and 
the a-ssociation known as the Camden County 



Medical Society he is worthy of especial 
consideration. His father was Dr. Isaac 
Harris, born in 1741, who studied medicine 
and practiced near ( iuii)l)leti)wn, i'iscatawav 
township, Middlesex County, N. J. From 
there he removed to Pittsgrovc, Salem 
County, about 1771. Here he pursued his 
profession successfully for many years, and 
died in 1808. He jios.ses.sed a good medical 
library. While a resident in Middlesex he 
was one of the pioneers in tiie oT'ganization 
of the .\ew .Ici-.sey State Medical Socjetv, 
ixiug the sixth signer to the " Instruments 
of As.sociatiou," and beitame its ])residt'Ml in 
1792. In the ilevolutionary W'ai- he was 
commissioned surgeon of (ieneral Niw- 
combe's brigade. His brother. Dr. Ja<'ob 
Harris, also a surgeon in I lie .same arniv, 
dressed the wounds of ('ouiit Donop, the 
Hessian commander, who was ilefeated and 
mortally wounded at the battle of Red Bank, 
and who ilied in an adjacc^nt farm-house.^ 
Another brother. Dr. Benjamin Harris, 
practiced anil died in Bittsgrove. Dr. Isaac 
Harris had two wives. The first was Mar- 
garet Pierson, of Morris or Esse.x County ; 
the second, Anna, daughter of Alexander 
Moore, of Bridgeton, Cumberland County. 
By the first he had four children ; one, Isaac 
Jr., studied medicine and practiced in Sa- 
lem County. By the second wife he had nine 
children, one of whom, Samui'l, is now nndi'r 
consideration. 

Dr. Samuel Harris was born Januarv t!, 
17S1. He stuilied medicine with his father. 
It is said that he attended medical lectures 
at the University of Pennsylvania, but his 
name does not appear in the list of graduates 
of that institution. He began the practice 
of medicine in Philadelphia, at the north(!ast 
corner of Fourth Street and Willing's Alley, 
but indorsing for a relative, he lost all his 
property. He then determined to settle in 
Camden, and grow up with the place. He 



' lion. John Clement's MSS. 



■ Wicke'a History of Medicine in New Jersey. 



2U 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



located in 1811 in the old brick building on 
Cooper Street, above Front. While he prac- 
ticed medicine in Camden he still retained 
some of his patients in Philadelphia, and to 
visit them was compelled to crass the river 
in a row-boat, the only means of" crossing at 
that time. In 1825 he purchased the large 
rough-cast house at the southeast corner of 
Second and Cooper Streets, which had been 
built by Edward Sharp. Here he kept his 
office and a small stock of drugs, it being at 
that time the only place in Camden where 
medicine could be purchased. Dr. Harris 
was a polished gentleman and a man of 
ability, and had a large practice in the town 
and in the surrounding country. He held 
to the religious faith of the Protestant Ej)is- 
copal Church, and was one of the founders 
of St. Paul's Church in 1830, and was a 
vestryman in it until his death. Dr. Harris 
married Anna, daughter of John and Kcziah 
Kay, and granddaughter of Captain Jo.seph 
Thorne, of the army of the Revolution. 
He died November 25, 1843, and is buried 
in Newtown Cemetery. His widow died 
July 16, 1868. He had no children. He 
bequeathed his e.state, which was large, to his 
adopted daughter and wife's niece, Miriam 
Kay Clement (now wife of Dr. Charles D. 
Maxwell, United States Navy), to niece 
Harriet (wife of Colonel Robert M. Arm- 
strong), to niece Anna M. (wife of Richard 
Wells) and to niece Eli/.a T. (wife of Rev. 
Thomas Ammerman). 

In 1812 Dr. Francis Hover settled in 
Camden, but remained only a short time. 
He was a native of Salem County and 
received his license to practice medicine June 
4, 1794. He began his professional career 
in his native town ; from thence he removed 
to near Swedesboro', and then to Camden. 
From the latter place he returnetl to Swedes- 
boro'. In 1821 he changed his residence to 
Smyrna, Kent County, Del., where he died 
May 29, 1832.' 

' S. Wickes' History of .Medicine in New Jersey. 



For a few years Dr. John A. Elkinton was 
a co-laborer with Dr. Bowman Hendry in 
Haddonfield. He was a native of Port 
Elizabeth, Cumberland County, N. J., born 
October 19, 1801, and was the son of John 
and Rhoda Elkinton. Selecting the pro- 
fession of medicine, he attended lectures at 
the University of Penn.sylvania, from which 
he graduated in 1822. He commenced the 
practice of medicine in Haddonfield, where 
he remained until 1828. Being an energetic 
and active man, this country place did not 
offer a wide enough field for him, .so he 
removed to Manayunk, a suburb of Philadel- 
phia, where he resided for a short time. 
In the same year he moved into the city, 
where he continued in his profession. In 
the year 1832 he took an active part in 
combating the epidemic of cholera. He like- 
wise became interested in puijlic affairs. For 
many years he was a member of the Phila- 
delphia Board of Health. In 1838 he was 
the projector of the Monument Cemetery in 
that city, and owned the ground upon which 
it was laid out. Afterward he was elected 
an alderman, when he gradually relinquished 
the practice of medicine. On October 5, 
1830, he married Ann De Ijaniater. He died, 
December 15, 1853. 

Dr. Edward Edwards Gough practiced 
medicine in Tansboro' between 1826 and 
1835. He was a native of Shropshire, Eng- 
land, in which country he acquired some 
knowledge of medicine. In 1824 he lived in 
Philadelphia, and there he married his wife, 
Elizabeth Dick, In 182(i he .settled in 
Tansboro', and commenced the practice of 
medicine, his visits extending throughout the 
surrounding coiuitry. While living there he 
attended medical lectures at the Jefferson 
Medical College, but he never graduated. 
He died in Tansboro' in lS-35. His widow 
is still living, in Indiana. 

Camden County Medic.vl Society. — 
Between the years 1844 and ?.846 the phy- 
sicians of Camden County began to feel the 



A HISTOEY OF MEDICINE ANP MEPICAL 'MEN. 



245 



need of a closer union. Scattered as they 
were, they but occasionally met ; sometimes 
they would pass each other on the road ; 
sometimes, where their practices overlapped, 
tliev would meet each other at a patient's 
house in mutual consultation.' To accc^m- 
|)lish this desired object, a petition was drawn 
up and signed by the legal practitioners in 
the county for presentation to the New Jer- 
sey State Medical Society, asking for author- 
ity to organize a society. As the law then 
stood, no one was legally qualitied to practice 
medicine, or caj)ab]e of joining a medical so- 
ciety in New Jersey, unless he iiad passed an 
examination before a board of censors of the 
State Society, and received a license signed by 
the board. 

In the year 1846 the State Society met at 
New Brunswick. The petition of the phy- 
sicians in f 'amden ('ounty being laid before 
it, they issued a commission, dated May 12, 
1846, authorizing the following legally (jual- 
itied persons to form a society, namely: Drs. 
Jacob P. Thornton and Charles D. Hendry, 
of Haddonfield ; Dr. James C. Risley, of 
Berlin ; and Prs. Richard M. Cooper, < )th- 
niel H. Tavlor and Isaac S. Mulford, of 
( 'amden. In accordance with this authority, 
the above-named gentlemen, with the excep- 
tion of Dr. Midford, who was detained by 
sickness, met at the hotel of Joseph C\ 
Shivers, in Haddonfield, on August II, 
1846, and organized a society under the 
title of " The District Medical Society of the 
County of Camden, in the State of Xcw 
Jersey." Dr. James C. Risley was eli'ctid 
president ; Dr. Othniel H. Taylor, vice-pres- 
ident ; Dr. Richard M. ('ooper, secretary, and 
Dr. Jacob P, Thornton, treasurer. A con- 
stitution and by-laws wereadoj)ted similar to 
those of the .State Society. At this meeting 
I)rs. Thornton, Hendry, Taylor and Cooper 
were elected delegates to th(^ State Society. 
\ notice of the formation of the .society was 

I Dr. R. M. Cooper's XISS., History of Camtlen County 
Society. 
31 



ordered to be published in the county news- 
papers. 

Haddonfield was thus honored by having 
the first medicfll .society in the county organ- 
ized within its limits. Tlic nilcs of tlie 
State Society directed that county .societies 
should hold their meetings at the county-seat, 
yet Haddonfield was not the .seat of justice. 
The county of Camden had, in 1844, been 
set off from Gloucester County, and the 
courts of law were held in Camden, and the 
public records kept there, but the county- 
town had not been selected. The Legisla- 
ture had authorized an election to decide 
upon a permanent place for the public build- 
ings. The people were divided upon the 
subject. A most violent opposition had 
sprung up in the townships against their 
location in Camden, the majority of the 
jieople of the former desiring them to be 
built at FiOng-a-coming (now Berlin). It 
was during this contest that the society or- 
ganized, and Drs. Hendry and Risley, who 
had charge of the petition, had inserted in 
the commission the name of Haddonfield. 
The second meeting, which had been left 
subject to the call of the president, was also 
held in Haddonfield on March 'M), 1847. At 
this meeting Dr. Mulford raised the question 
of the legality of the place of meeting, and 
a committee was thereupon appointed to lay 
the matter before the State Society, who de- 
cided that the.se meetings, although irregular, 
were not illegal, as the county-seat had not 
yet been definitely fixed) but directed that 
hereafter the meetings should be held in Cam- 
den. 

The third meeting of the .society was a 
special one, called by the president, and was 
held on June 1.5, 1847, at English's Hotel, 
which was situated at the northeast corner of 
Cooper iuid Point Streets, a building which 
has since been torn down and dwellings 
enacted upon the site. At this time it was 
de<'ided to hold .semi-aimual meetings: the 
amiual one on the third Tuesday in June, 



246 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



and the serai-aiiruial on the tliirfl Tuesday 
in Decern her. These were always punctually 
held until 1852, when, upon the motion of 
Dr. A. I). Woodruff, of Haddonfield, the 
semiannual meeting in December was dis- 
continued. On June 18, 1867, Dr. R. M. 
Cooper, chairman of the committee on by- 
laws, reported that the State Society having 
changed their day of assembling from Jan- 
uary to the third Tuesday in May, it would 
necessitate the election of delegates to that 
society eleven months before it met. The 
Camden County Society then changed the 
time of the animal meeting from June to the 
second Tuesday in May, and this rule still 
continues. For twenty years the semi-annual 
meetings had been discontinued, when, in 
May, 1878, Dr. N. B. Jennings, of Had- 
donfield, moved that they should be resumed. 
This was approved, and the .second Tuesday 
in November named as the time for holding 
them. As the society increased in numbers 
and its proceedings became more interesting, 
the propriety of holding more frequent meet- 
ings began to be discu.ssed, until, in 1884, 
Dr. E. L. B. (xodfrey, of Camden, proposed 
a third meeting, on the second Tuesday in 
February of each year. This was adopted 
in the succeeding year. 

At this, the third stated meeting of the 
society, in 1847, a resolution was passed that 
caused great excutement in the city and coun- 
ty of C-amden. It read as follows : 

" Resolved, That the names of all the regularly 
licensed practitioners in Camden County be pub- 
lished in one of the papers of the county, to- 
gether with the twelfth section of the law incor- 
porating tlie Medical Society of New Jersey." 

This law imposed a fine and imprison- 
ment upon any one practicing medicine in 
the State without a license from the State 
Society. The insertion of this in a county 
paper caused the gravest anxiety among the 
few irregular practitioners and their pati'ons, 
and pi'ovoked from Dr. Lorenzo F. Fisler a 
lonj; communication in the Camden Deino- 



ocrat. Dr. Fisler, who had been ])racticing 
medicine in Camden since 1837, had not 
joined in organizing the County Medical 
Society, nor had he taken any part in it. He 
was a man of more than ordinary ability, 
active in public affairs and was at one time 
mayor of the city. He was a writer of 
considerable force. He took umbrage at be- 
ing inferentially placed in the illegal class, 
claiming that he had passed his examination 
l)efore the board of cen.sors of Salem County 
in 1825, and had received their certificate 
therefor, but had never presented it to the 
State Society for a license, and that the doc- 
ument had been mislaid or lost. Upon this 
the Camden County Society made inquiry of 
Dr. Charles Hannah, of the board of censors 
of Salem County. He replied that he lia<l 
been a member of every board that had ever 
met in the county, and that Dr. Fisler had 
never received a license from it. The latter 
immediately went down to Port Elizabeth, 
Cumberland C^ounty, his native place, and 
among some old papers of his father's found 
the missing certificate, with Dr. Hannah's 
name among the signatures. After the dis- 
covery of this document the society held a 
special meeting on September 2, 1847, anil 
prepared an address to the public, explaining 
their reasons for falling into the error, and 
dis<'laiming any unfriendly feeling towards 
Dr. Fisler.' .Vlthough the doctor obtained 
the required license from the State So(^iety, 
he ever after held aloof from it, and never 
joined the Camden County Medical Society. 
In the year 181(5 the New Jersey State 
Medical Society had obtained from the State 
a new charter, which gave them exclusive 
jurisdiction over the medical profession in it, 
with a power of license which alone qualified 
a person to legally practice medicine. In ac- 
cordance with this enactment, the State So- 
ciety aj>})()intc(l boards of censors for differ- 

M)r. H. M. Cooper's M8S , History Cam Jen County 
Medical Society. 



A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 



■Malt 

[Mil. 
■llldlot- 
[Wlttb 

ii'jiiirv III' 
'i mm 



•'ijil 



; 



.I'Bdf"*"''' 



ent districts. It was tlie <liity of tlicst' 
boards to examine all applications for mem- 
bership in the society, and also to examine 
any one desiring a license to practice, as to 
his professional qnalifications, and if he 
passed successfully to issue to him a certificate. 
No one, not even graduates of medical col- 
leges, was exempt from this examination, un- 
til the year 1851, when the Legislature 
passed an amendment to the act of 1816, 
autliori/.ing the graduates of certain colleges, 
which were named, to practice medicine in 
New Jersey by merely exhibiting their 
diplomas to the j)resident of the State Society, 
who thereupon was directed to give them a 
license, which was complete upoli its being 
recorded in the clerk's office of the county 
wherein the recipient intended to ])ractice, and 
upon the payment of a feeof fivedollars. I )u- 
ring the period between the organization of 
the Camden County Medical Society and the 
passage of this law its board of censors ex- 
amined thirteen physicians, some of whom 
were t<i practii'e elsewhere in New Jersey. 
Tiieir nanu's were, — 

E\;iuiinyil. NiiuiP. T-iu;ition. 

1848. Dr. Bowman Hendry, CamiUn County. 

1848. Dr. A. Dickinson Woodrutt', Camden County. 
1848. Dr. Daniel M. Stout, Camden County. 

1848. Dr. William Elmer, CumUerland County. 
1848. Dr. T. Barron Potter, Cumberland County. 
1848. Dr. Theophilus Patterson, Salem County. 

1848. Dr. Edward J. Record, Camden County. 

1849. Dr. Theodore Varrick, Hud.son County. 
lS4il. l>r. .I..hri ,1. JesMUji, Atlantic County. 

1849. Dr. .luhn W. Snowden, Camden County. 

1850. Dr. Thomas F. CuUen, Camden County. 
1850. Dr. Sylvester Birdsell, Camden County. 
1850. Dr. .lacob Grigg, Camden County. 

Anotiier amendment was enacted by the 
Legislature in 1854, which permitted a grad- 
uate of any medical college to practice medi- 
cine in the State by merely filing his diplo- 
ma in the clerk's office of the county in 
which he located. Upon the passage of this 
law the Camden County Society required, as an 
eligibility to meud)ership, that the applicant 
should procure a diploma from the State So- 



ciety. This rule continued in force 
1860, the centennial aniversary of th€ 
society, which had the year previous i- 
dered its old charter and obtained a nc 
which relinquished all powers of lice 
Since then and up to the pre.senf tin; 
physician, a resident in the county ow 
may apply for membership in the C 
County Medical Society. His applica 
referred to the board of censors, who 
at the next meeting. If he is found 
of good moral character and posses.s 
professional qualifications required 1 
American Medical Association, he is i 
mended for election. 

The constitution of the society pn 
that the officers should be elected am 
It was intended to re-elect yearly thos 
were first placed in office. Dr. Kislt 
continued as president until a special 
ing in 1849, when his office was declar 
cant in consequence of a tardiness in s 
his financial accounts with the society 
though these were afterwards .satisfii 
adjusted, he withdrew from it, and I)r 
S. Mulford was elected to fill the vi 
Dr. O. H. Taylor, who was the first 
president, and Dr. R. M. Cooper, tl 
secretary, were continued until 1850 
Jacob P. Thornton was tlie first tri 
l)ut he does not a[)pear to have attenc 
meetings regularly, and in 1848 Dr. ( 
was elected to fill his place. At the n 
held in June, 1850, Dr. Bowman V 
moved that the president and vice-pr 
be eligible for election for only two y( 
.succession and the by-laws were so am 
In June, 1854, the words "two (2) y 
succession " were erased and " one 
substituted. This was done to open 
fices to new and younger members ; 
quently, since that date these two < 
have held their position for one year, 
that has proved to be satisfactory ai 
continues. Dr. Cooper, the first se 
and treasurer, held these offices unti 



rj^^-'j^mT 



24S 



HISTOKY OF CAMDKN COIJNTV, SKW JERSEY. 



when he wa.s succeeded by Dr. Thomas F. 
Culleu, who occupied them for two years ; 
then Dr. Richard C. Dean filled them from 
1855 to 1857 ; Dr. John V. Schenck, in 1858 ; 
and Dr. Henry Ackley from the latter date 
until 1861. At this time the society had be- 
come a permanent institution. It had never 
failed to hold a meeting at the appointed 
time. \'aluable medical and historical pa- 
pers were accumulating and the want of a 
suitable person who would permanently take 
care of them was keeidy felt. It was there- 
fore determined that while under the consti- 
tution the secretary must be elected annually, 
it would be well to re-elect him so long as 
he should satisfactorily perform his duties 
and would accept the office. Dr. H. Genet 
Taylor, a young graduate in medicine, who 
had joined the society the year previous, was 
elected, and has been continuously re-elected, 
faithfully performing the duties of his office 
for twenty-five years up to the present time. 
During the Civil War he was absent serving 
his country as surgeon in the Army of the 
Potomac in the years 1862 and 1863, and in 
1865 he was president of the society, when 
his duties were performed by a secretary pro 
tempore. Dr. Taylor was treasurer as well 
as secretary until 1874, when the two offices 
were separated and Dr. Isaac B. Mulforil 
was made treasurer. This he held until his 
death, in 1882, when Dr. Alexander Mecray, 
the present incumbent, was elected to fill the 
vacancy. 

In a few years after the formation ol' the 
society there arose a need of collecting each 
year the medical history of the people and 
the hygienic condition of the county. At a 
meeting held June 18, 1852, Dr. Edward J. 
Record made a motion that a committee of 
three be appointed " to report of the diseases 
incident in the county and also interesting 
cases that may come under their notice." 
The committee were Drs. O. H. Taylor, A. 
D. Woodruff and E. J. Record. At the 
next meeting, in 1853, the name of " Stand- 



ing Committee" was given to it and each 
member was requested to transmit to the 
chairman of it any interesting cases occurring 
in his practice. Dr. O. H. Taylor was its 
first chairman. The members of this com- 
mittee were frequently changed, its number 
remaining the same until 1875, wiien it 
was increased to five members. In 1878 
Dr. John W. Snowden was elected chair- 
man and has been continued until now. 

The Camden County Medical Society is 
entitled to representiition in the State Society 
by delegates to the number of three at large, 
and one additional for every ten members. 
It also sends delegates to the American Med- 
ical Association and to the neighboring dis- 
trict societies in this State. 

One of the most interesting proceedings ot 
the early days of the society was the ordering, 
in 1851, of an enumeration of all the physi- 
cians practicing in the county. The com- 
mittee appointed for that pur))ose reported at 
the meeting held June 15, 1852, that the 
total number was twenty-seven. Of these, 
one was a botanical, or herb doctor, who was 
not entitled to, nor did he claim, the privi- 
leges of an educated physician. Two were 
homteopaths, one of whom was a graduate of 
a regular college, and was a licentiate under 
the law of 1851. The remaining twenty- 
four were graduates of accepted medical col- 
leges, twenty-two of them holding licenses 
from the State Society, altliough five had ne- 
glected to register their names in the clerk's 
office, in accordance with the provisions of 
the new law. The names of all these doctors 
have not been preserved. In the year 1872 
another census of the county was taken by 
direction of the society. A report made to 
it at the annual meeting held on the 14th of 
May, in that year, stated that the total num- 
ber of practicing ])hysicians was fifty-three. 
Of this number, thirty-three were " regular 
graduates, practicing as such, one regular, 
but practicing homceopathy at times." There 
\yere thirteen professed homtjeopaths and five 



A HISTORY OF .MEDICINE AND MEDICAIi MEN. 



24!) 



eclectics. The regular j)liy.sieian.s were lo- 
cated as follows: Tvveiity-oue in Camden 
City, four in Haddonfield, three in I>laek- 
wood, three in Gloucester City, one near 
Waterford and cue in Berlin. 

The Camden County Medieal Society has 
always taken an active interest in sucli jnih- 
lic affairs as legitimately came within its 
pi'oviuce, and were calculated to be of l)enc- 
tit to the county or State, and has never 
failed to throw its influence in hehalf of 
whatever might conduce to the |iul)lic wel- 
tlirc. As early as 185-t Dr. John W. Snow- 
den introduced into the society a resolution 
" that the delegates of this society are hereby 
instructed to suggest at the next meeting of 
the State Society the propriety of an appli- 
cation to the next Legislature for such mod- 
ification of the present law as shall enforce 
the registration of all the marriages, births 
and deaths occurring in the State." Tliis 
measure has since that time Ijeen acted upon 
bv the Legislature of New Jersey, and nn 
efficient system of recording these data is now 
in o[)eratiou. 

The next public event that aroused the 
society was the breaking out of the great 
Rebellion in 1861, and the calling for troops 
by the government. To this call the response 
was prompt. Uf the eighteen physicians 
whose names were registered on the roll of 
its members at the close of the Civil War, five 
had enlisted in the service of their country : 
Doctors Richard C. Dean and Henry Ackley 
had entered the navy, Doctors IL (Jenet 
Taylor and Bowman Hendry in the army, 
and Dr. John R. Stevenson, in the Provost 
Marshal General's Department, all as sur- 
geons. The two in the navy were still on 
its rolls, having engaged for a life-service. 
The three who had been in the volunteer 
service all had honorable discharges. 

The society keeps a careful guardianship over 
its county interests. It having been reported, 
in 1879, that the Board of Chosen Freehold- 
ers had inadvertently appointed an incompe- 



tent man as resident physician of the County 
Insane Asylum, at a meeting held May 12th, 
of that year, Dr. James M. Ridge " moved 
the appointment of a committee to report 
what action is, in their opinion, advisable for 
this society to take in reference to the ap- 
])ointment." Doctors James M. Ridge, 
Alexander Marcy, N. B. Jennings, I). Beu- 
jauiin, E. B. Woolston, D. l*. Rancoast and 
H. Genet Taylor were appointed. At the 
next meeting of the society, held November 
11th, of that year, the committee reported 
that they had held a meeting upon June 4th, 
and had appointed a sub-committee, consist- 
ing (jf Doctors D. Benjamin and ( ). B. Gross, 
to attend the meeting of the committee of the 
Board of Freeholders at Blackwood, and 
that the latter had superseded the late medi- 
cal incumbent, and had appointed Dr. Jona 
J. Comfort, a former member of the society, 
as resident physician of the Insane Asylum. 
It also recommended that a number of jiln- 
sicians, members of the society, be appointeil 
to visit the asylum, in order that it might be 
more properly under their inspection. A 
vote of thanks was tendered to Director Isaac 
Nicholson, of the Board of Freeholders, and 
to the members connected with him, for their 
assistance in procuring the desired change. 
Dr. Henry E. Branin, of Blackwood, at 
present has charge of the County Asylum 
and Almshouse. 

A notable feature of the meetings of the 
C'amden County Medical Society is the social 
gathering which accompanies them. The 
hour of assembling was, at one time, twelve 
o'clock, noon, l)ut now it is eleven a.m. After 
the business is disposed of, a collation is par- 
taken of, at the expense of the society. It 
is the custom to Invite to these a number of 
distinguished physicians from other places, 
who have previously joined in the discussions 
upon .scientific and medical subjects, and have 
given the members thebeuefit of their knowl- 
edge and experience. The meetings have 
always been held at hotels, where suitable ae- 



250 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



conimodations could bo obtained. As was 
previously stated, the first two were held at 
the house of Joseph C. Shivers, in Haddon- 
field. The next meeting was held at the 
hotel of Israel English, at the foot of Coop- 
er Street, aud when Mr. English became the 
landlord of the West Jersey Hotel, the so- 
ciety followed him to it. Between 1855 and 
1857, inclusive, they were transferred to the 
hotel of James Elwell, at the foot of Bridge 
Avenue. This building has been demolished, 
and the site is no\\' ()ccuj)ied by the otlices of 
the Peiuisylvania Railroad CVunpany. The 
annual meeting of June 21, 185!(, was held 
at the hotel at Ellisburg, then kept by Stacy 
Stockton. Iteturning to the West Jersey 
Hotel, this continued to be the favorite place 
uutil the retirement of Mr. ICnglish as ho.st. 
Mr. Samuel Archer, who then kept the old 
house at Cooper's Point, having offered to 
provide a suitable entertainment, and the 
Camden and Atlantic Railroad Company 
proffering the use of their rooms adjoining, 
for meeting purposes, the society met there 
from 1873 to 1880. Since then the meetings 
have been held three times at Gloucester 
(Buena Vista House and Thompson's Ho- 
tel), but otherwise at the West Jersey 
Hotel. 

The expenses incuri'ed by the society were 
met by an as.sessment upon each member for 
a pro-rata share of them, until the death of 
Dr. E. M. Cooper, in 1874. In his will, 
which was dated .-^pril 28, 1874, and j)n)- 
bated June 4th, of the same year, was the 
following clause, " I give and bequeath to 
the Camden County District Medical Society, 
of which I have been a member since its 
commencement, the sum of three thou.sand 
dollars, to be invested by the said Society in 
the loans of the United States, the State of 
New Jersey, or the City and County of Cam- 
den or some other public loan, and the in- 
terest of said sum to be used by the said So- 
ciety in the payment of the expenses ordina- 
rily incurred by the said Society. In case 



my executors should think proper to pay 
said legacy in any securities belonging to my 
estate, bearing interest at their market value, 
I do authorize and direct them to pay said 
legacy in such securities instead of cash." 
To accept of this legacy, the society, at a 
meeting held May 10, 1875, determined to 
appoint two trustees, one for one year and 
one for two years, who, with the treasurer, 
should constitute a board of finance. These 
were elected the succeeding year, and were 
Dr. John V. Schenck for two years. Dr. 
Thomas F. Cullen for one year, and Dr. 
Isaac B. Mulford, treasurer. Dr. Cooper's 
executors set aside three one thousand dollar 
seven per cent, bonds of the West Jersey 
Railroad Company, which were left with, 
and are still in the possession of John W. 
Wright, who is one of them, who pays the 
interest as it becomes (hie. 

The New Jersey State Medical Society has 
three times met as the guests of the Camden 
County Society. The first time in 1 849, when 
the semi-annual meeting of the former society 
convened at Elwell's Hotel, on November 
13th of that year. The annual meeting, in 
January, 1864, was held in Camden, at Mor- 
gan's Hall, on the corner of Fourth and Mar- 
ket Streets, 'f he reception committee were 
Drs. R. M. Cooper, T. F. Cullen, J. V. 
Schenck, O. H. Taylor and A. D. Woodruff. 
They found great difficulty in finding hiitel 
accommodations for members, some of whom 
had to go to Philadelphia to secure them. 
The expenses incurred by the committee were 
paid by Dr. R. M. Cooper out of his private 
funds. 

In the year 1874 Atlantic City had become 
a favorite seaside resort, with several hotels 
each large enough to accommodate the whole 
State Society. There being no medical soci- 
ety in Atlantic County, it was determined by 
the Camden County Society to invite the 
first-named society to hold their next annual 
meeting there. A committee, consisting of 
Drs. J. W. Snovvden, J. V. Schenck, J. Or- 



A HISTORY OP MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 



251 



lancio White, I. B. Heulings, J. R. Stevenson 
and T. F. Cullen, was ap[)ointe(l to make 
preparations. The meeting was held May 
25, 1875. It was memorable for .several rea- 
sons. It was tile first time a county society 
had ever selected a place outside of its own 
jurisdiction to entertain its parent society. 
The Camden and Atlantic Railroad (.'oiupany 
provided, free of expense, a special train to 
convey delegates and invited guests both ways, 
issuing tickets good for three days, on any 
train. 

As tiir as is known, this was the first 
instance in the United States where a railroad 
had offered such a courtesy to any body of 
raedical men. For several years a few of the 
members had been accompanied by their 
wives and daughters to these meetings of the 
State Society, which hold for two days. As 
the families of physicians enjoy but few op- 



]M)rtunities to join them in a linlid;iy excur- 
sion, it was tietermined hv I he r niittce to 

offer the greatest inducements fur the ladies 
to accompany the delegates to Atlantic Citv. 
Invitations were issued for them to attend 
and to partake of a ban(|uet, which the Cam- 
den County Society had ordered for the eve- 
ning, and the minutest details of thi^ shortest 
route to Camden and thence to the seaside 
were furnished them. The attendance, es- 
pecially of ladies, was larger than it had ever 
been at any j)revious meeting. The State 
Society, however, passed a resolution iirohil)- 
iting any cf)nnty society from jjroviding any 
banquet in the future, becau.se of the burden 
it would entail on poorer societies. ^Plie cit- 
izens of Atlantic City did all in their [lower 
to give pleasure to their guests. 

Members of the Camden Comity Medical 
Society since its organization, — 



Date of 
H<liiii»^ion. 


Name. 


Year of 
graduation. 


Colfege where graduated. 


Reniarlts. 


1846 




1828 
1839 
1844 
1832 
1825 
1822 
1844 
1846 
1847 
1828 
1847 
1848 
1844 
1848 
1849 
1843 
1844 
1848 
1843 
1852 
1853 
1854 
1856 
1854 
1858 
1860 
1858 
1862 
1863 
1861 
1845 
1852 
1859 


University of Pennsylvania 

University of Pennsylvania 

Jetierson Medical College 

University of Pennsylvania 

University of Pennsylvania 

Universitv of Pennsylvania 

Jefferson Medical College 

Jetferson Jledical College 

Jetferson Medical College 

University of Pennsylvania 

University of Penn.sylvania 

Jefferson Jledical College 

University of Pennsylvania 




1846 




Died Mav 24 1874 


1846 ■ 




Died Nov 21), 1866. 


1846 


Cliarles I). Hen<lrv 


Died April 29, 1869. 
Died Sept. 5, 1869. 
Died Feb. 17 1873. - 


1846 


Othniel H. Tavlor 


^184(i 




1847 


A. D. Woodruff. 


Died Jan. 1881. 


1847 




Died June 8, 1868. 


1847 


Daniel M. iStout 




1847 
1848 


Benj. W. Blackwood 


Died Jan. 19, 1866. 
Died July 25, 1882. 
Expelled. 


1848 




1849 




1849 


John J. Jessup 

Robt. M. Smallwood 


Died 1852. 


1849 
1850 


University of Pennsylvania 

University of Pennsylvania 

University of Pennsylvania 

Jefferson Medical College 

Jetferson Me.lieal College 

Jefferson Medical College 

University of Pennsylvania 

Jetierson Medical College 

Jefferson Medical College 

Pennsylvania Medical College ... 

Jefferson Medical College 

University of Penn.sylvania 

Jefferson Medical College 

University of Pennsylvania 

University of Pennsylvania 

University of Pennsylvania 

University of Pennsylvania 

University of Penn.sylvania 

Jefferson Medical College 


Died Feb. 8, 1856. 


1850 


Thos. F. Cullen 


Died Nov. 21, 1878. 


1850 




Died Mav 2it, 1883. 


1851 




Removed West. 


1852 






1854 




Expelled. 
Honorary member. 
Died April 17, 1885. 
Died Aug. 17, 1858. 
Died Dee. 1, 1865. 


1854 




1857 




1857 


W. G. Thomas 


1859 




1860 


H. Cenet Tavlor 


Present memlicr. 


1860 






1863 




Honorary member. 


1863 




1864 




Present member. 


] 8()6 




Honorary member. 


1866 




Present member. 


1866 


Jonathan J. Comfort 


Removed. 



252 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY. NEW JERSEY. 



Date of 
admission. 


Name. 


Year of 
graduation. 


College wliere graduated. 


Remarke. 


1867 




1860 
1864 
1863 
1867 
1866 
1858 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1860 
1861 
1859 
1870 
1871 


University of Pennsylvania 


Died March 12, 1885. 


1867 


H A M. Smith 




1867 


^Alex. M. Mecray 


University of Pennsylvania 




1867 




Died. 


1867 


T. J. Smith 


University of Pennsylvania 


Removed in 1868. 


1867 






1868 
1870 


J. Orlando White 


University of Pennsylvania 


Present member. 
Honorary member. 

D.ed ( )ct. 20, 1884. 
Died .March .'i, 1881. 


1870 
1871 


'Randall W. Morgan 

J. W. McCnlloiigh 

John R. Haney 

D. ParrishPancoast 

R. B.Okie 

Isaac B. Multbrd 


University of Pennsylvania 


1871 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1871 


University of Pennsylvania 

University of Pennsylvania 

University of Pennsylvania 

University of Pennsylvania 


Present member. 
Present member. 
Removed to Penna. 
Died Nov. 21, 1882. 
Resigned. 
Present member. 


1871 
1871 


W. H. Ireland 


18(57 
1863 

1872 
1873 
1875 
1854 
1875 
1876 
1861 
1850 
1874 
1876 
1876 
1877 


University of Pennsylvania 

Jefferson Medical College 


1872 








1873 


C. H. Shivers 






1875 
1875 
1876 


Maximillian West 

E. B. Woolston 

E. L. B. Godfrey 

W. P. Melcher 

James A. Armstrong 

Thomas G. Rowand 

E. J. Snitfher 

I). W. Blake 

W. A. Davis 


Universiiy of Pennsylvania 

University of Pennsylvania 


Rem. to .Atlantic City. 
Present member. 


1876 
1876 
1876 


University of Penn.sylvania 

University of Pennsylvania 


Rem. to Burlington Co. 
Died Oct. .30, 1885. 


1876 






1876 ■ 






1877 
1877 


University of Pennsylvania 

University of Pennsylvania 


Present member. 


1877 


John S. Miller 




1878 


J. F.Walsh 


1876 
1844 
1870 
1878 
1878 
1866 
1879 
1879 
1872 
1870 
1881 
1863 
1882 
1882 
1876 
1877 
1880 
1880 
1884 
1878 


University of Pennsylvania 




1878 


S. B. Irwin 

W. H.Iszard 




1879 






1879 


University of Pennsylvania 

University of Pennsylvania 

University of Pennsylvania 


Present member. 


1879 
1880 
1881 


Jarae.s H. Wroth 

J. W. Donges 

C. M. Schellinger 

H. H. Davis 

C. G. Garrison 

W. A. Hamilton 


Rem. to New Mexico. 
Present member. 


1881 






1881 
1882 


University of Pennsylvania 


Honorary member. 


1883 


H. F Palm 


JelbT-on Mrdi.-al C.illege 




1883 


E. P. Townsend 

Conrad G. Hoel! 

A. T. Dobson, Jr 

P. W. BeaJe 


JeHerson Medical College 




1884 
1884 
1884 


University of I'enn.sylvania 

University of Pennsylvania 


Present member. 
Present member. 


1885 






1885 
1885 
1886 


Joseph H. Wills 

Wm. Warnock 


University of Pennsylvania 

University of Pennsylvania 

Jefferson Medical College 

Jefferson Medical College 


Present member. 
Present member. 


1886 


James A. Wamsley 


Present member. 



.laities V. Risley, 1840-47. 
Isaac S. Milford, 1848-61. 
f'harles D. Hendry, 18.52-.5r!. 
A. Dickinsoti WoodrulT. 1S.'.-I. 
■lohn W. Suowdun, ISS.")-?:.. 
Othoicl II. Taylor, 18.56. 
ThomaB K. Cullen, 18.57. 
Sylvester Birdsell, 1858. 
.lohu V. Schcilck, I85!1-7:i. 
Hownian Hendry, 18)10. 
Napoleon It. Jennings, 18i;l. 
Heurv E. Braiiin, lS(i2. 



COrNTV MEllICAT, SOCIETY. 

.lames M. Ridge, 18C7. 
.Touathan J. Comfort, 1SI>8. 
.MexanderM. -Mecray, 18(KI. 
.1. Orlando White, 18711. 
Richard M. Cooper, 1S71-71. 
Isaac \V. Heulings, 1872. 
Edwin 'ronilinson, 1877. 
It. A, M. Smith, 1878. 
D. Parish Paneoaat, 187i». 
C. H. Shivers, 1880. 
Isaac U. Mulford, 1881. 
K. I,. H. Codfroy, 1882. 



J. Gilbert Young, 1S63. .lohn R. Haney, 1883. 

.Tohn K. Stevenson, WCA. Dowling Benjamin, 1884. 

H. Cenct Taylor, lsi;,5. E. B. Woolslon, 188.5. 

Ale.xaMder Marey. 18i;il-7(i. W.H.Ireland, lS8f.. 

DisKASKi? .\Ni) TiiKiit Rkmi'.diks. — There 
is hut little iiiforiuation concerning thediseases 
that prevailed in Camden C\)iinty prior to 
tlie formation of its Medie.il Society. The 
limited number of" physicians who prai'ticcd 
in it between 1730 and 1846 had but little 



A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 



253 



time to write any account of their observa- 
tiousand experience, and still less opportunity 
to publish them. It is, therefore, from 
traditions that have been well preserved in 
this section, compared with the accounts of 
diseases and epidemics in t)ther parts of this 
and adjacent colonies, that a knowledge of 
them can be best obtained. 

Tliere is a widespread belief that the 
climate of this section has changed, and that 
diseases now are very different from what 
they were in early times. A hundred years 
ago the old were wont to lament the change 
and deterioration of the seasons, since the 
days of their youth, in the same strain as their 
descendants do now. A careful examination 
of weather notes shows that there has been 
no climatic variation since the early settle- 
ment of the county. There were then, as 
now, cycles of hot and dry summers, alter- 
natiug with cool and moist ones ; cold, bleak 
winters witli warm and wet ones. There was 
the chilly spring and the mild autumn. With 
the exception of a few maladies, like cholera, 
that have been imported from countries with 
which, in former times, there was only in- 
frequent and slow communication, there is 
no evidence that there are any diseases now 
that did not occur in early days. Their 
sym[)toms and courses have been greatly 
modified by a change in the habits and cus- 
toms of the people, and by improved medi- 
cation and sanitation. 

In colonial times the houses were nearly 
all built of wood, a few were log, but most 
of tiiem were constructed of rough sawed 
boards, with board partitions, and without 
jilastcr. There were no carpets on the Hoor. 
Tlie only mode of heating them was by a 
wood fire in an open fire-place, by which the 
family sat in the Arctic cold of winter, one 
side of the body alternately chilled and 
warmed as it was turned to or from the 
blazing logs. Their clothing was of home- 
spun wool ; only on ceremonial displays did 
the well-to-do wear linen or silk shirts or 
32 



stockings. Underclothing was not worn 
until the present century, even after cottt)n 
cloth had been substituted for woolen stuff's. 
Overcoats were a rare luxury, but a few of 
the wealthier men possessed them. Bangups 
they were called, made of good imported 
clotii ; they were reserved for state occasions ; 
they were expected to last a life-time, and 
sometimes descended as an heirloom to the 
son. Rubber over-shoes and clothing were 
never dreamed of until within the present 
generation. Tlie only mode of traveling was 
in the open boat or on horseback exposed to 
the weather. 

Their diet did not compare any more 
favorably with that of modern times than 
did their clothing. Vegetables were plentiful 
in the summer, but there was no method of 
preserving the perishable ones through tiie 
other nine months of the year. Their bread 
was made from rye, wheat having come into 
general use only within the last fifty years. 
The staple meats were salt pork and ham. 
In the earlier period of the settlement this 
was relieved by game, but as the country 
filled up, it became scarce and had a mercan- 
tile price ; then it was sold. Mutton was but 
little eaten. Prior to the Revolution sheep 
were so valuable that in old wills bequests 
are left to daughters of a' ewe-lamb and 
feather-bed in lieu of any real estate. After 
the embargo laid upon wool during the war 
it became unpatriotic and disreputable to eat 
mutton, and this sentiment continued to pro- 
hibit its use long after the reason for it had 
been forgotten. It was only in the winter 
that they had fresh meat. When they wanted 
beef they fatted the oldest and most worthless 
cow on the farm, and when cold weather set 
in they killed it, and after the meat had beeu 
cooked to the indigestibility of leather, tliey 
ate it three times a day until putrefaction 
commenced. It is not surprising (hat ix>ef 
was not considered a wholesome food. One 
suj)erlative article of food they possessed in 
abundance, whose value as a substitute for 



254 



HISTOBY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



anv deficieucy in a diet is UDsurpassed, but 
wliieh has not been ap}3reciated by either 
tiie medical profession or the laity, until 
recently. That was milk. This was not a 
salable commodity, and that is, perhaps, the 
reason why it was considered to be a plebeian 
drink. The dividing line between gentility 
and common people %vas milk. To have 
offered an invited gue.st at the table 
a glass of it would have been an un- 
jiardonable offence. The family, including 
the children, at the first table had their tea 
and coffee ; the bound boy at the second table 
had an unstinted supply of milk. The result 
was that a quarter of a century afterwards 
the bound boy owned the farm. 

Alcoiiolic drinks were freely u.sed. Apple- 
whiskey was in every one's house. Imported 
wines and brandies purchased by the wealthier 
people were reserved for special occasions. It 
was customary to take a drink of spirits be- 
fore breakfast to counteract the deleterious 
effects of fog and dampness. Ifaneighl)or 
was visited, or the visit returned, the de- 
canter was set out as a mark of hospitality. 
It was not believed that any excessive labor, 
like haying and harvesting, could be done 
without it. The jug was taken to the mea- 
dow or field along with the water-bucket, and 
when the men had cut a number of swaths 
across the grass or grain, a halt was made to 
take a draught of the liquor. At social 
gatherings, at weddings, at funerals, and even 
at cliild-birtlis the flowing bowl was passed 
around. 

The contrast between these early habits 
and customs and those of to-day is most 
marked. Without enumerating them, it will 
suffice to state that a temperance man in the 
eighteenth century was one who never got 
intoxicated ; now he is a total abstainer from 
alcoholic beverages. Now the well-filled de- 
canter is not only ke[)t out of sight, but it is 
banished from the house. One townsiiip in 
this county has for fifteen years prohibited 
the sale of liquor within its limits. 



As might be expected, inflammatory dis- 
eases were formerly very frequent, and their 
.symptoms violent. Pleurisy, bronchitis, 
pneumonia and rheumatism prevailed exten- 
sively, especially in years in which the 
thermometric changes favored their develop- 
ment. They were much oftener fatal than 
they are now. Cholera-morbus, dysentery 
and diarrhrea, which are rarely fatal now, 
then caused the death of many. Scarlet 
fever, measles and whooping-cough, which 
are the bane of childhood, exhibited the same 
infantile violence as the di.seases of adult life. 
Sickness, especially epidemics, as far back as 
1726, are noted as having been sthenic or 
asthenic, but there is no record of that 
popular word typhoid, as applied to depressed 
forms of illness, having been used in this 
county until 1855, when Dr. T. F. CuUen 
reported that malarious diseases had that year 
assumed a typhoid form. These facts would 
indicate that the changes in the mode of liv- 
ing of the people, wliich had been gradually 
improving up to the discovery of gold in 
California in 1848, and very rapidly since 
then, had produceil a moiety of people of 
weak constitution, wlio, under the surround- 
ings of earlier days, invariably died young. 

Intermittent and remittent fevers were 
common on the Delaware slope of the county. 
In 1798 there is a record that they were 
prevalent on the high ground, while yellow 
bilious fever attacked tho.se along the river- 
.shore. In 1823 Dr. Charles F. Clarke, of 
Woodbury, in his notes, says that bilious 
fevers were epidemic, and so numerous were 
the cases, that as he rode along at night, 
farmers would keep a light burning as a 
signal for him that there was sickne.ss in the 
house. The reports made to the Camden 
County Medical Society state that malarial 
fevers prevailed along the streams in 1848. 
After this little is said about them until 1856, 
when they again became frequent, and con- 
tinued to increase until 18G2, when they were 
declared to be epidemic. Then they began 



A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 



255 



to decline, until in 1867, and for five years 
;i fterwards, they had so diminished that the 
physicians congratulated themselves that these 
diseases were finally disappearing. In 1873 
they reapi^eared, steadily increasing in num- 
her and severity until 1877, when they were 
again pronounced to be epidemic ; since then 
they have been declining, and at present 
(1880) are quite infrequent. Professor Kalni, 
reporting to the Swedish government in 1748, 
concerning Gloucester (Camden included) 
County, says fevers and agues were more 
common than any other disease. In some 
years they ravaged the whole county, in 
(itliers " scarcely a single person was taken 
ill." 

At the time that Kalm wrote, the Atlantic 
.«lope of the county, called the " Pines," was 
not inhabited, except by a few wood-chop- 
jiers. From the earliest times this section 
has been popularly credited with great ex- 
emption from pulmonary and miasmatic dis- 
eases. More recently Dr. John W. Snowden, 
who has practiced medicine in that section 
for foi'ty years, and who is the able chairman 
*>{ the Standing Committee and reporter of 
tlie Camden County Medical Society, states 
that he never saw a case of intermittent or 
remittent fever originate there. He also 
i'onfirms its reputation for freedom from pul- 
monary aifections. 

Typhoid fever was not known as a distinct 
disease until it was investigated and de- 
scribed by Louis, a French physician, in the 
early part of the present century. There is 
no doubt but that cases of it occurred here so 
.soon as the concretions from filth were suffi- 
cient to form a nidus for its growth. The 
milder forms of it were classed with obsti- 
nate remittent fever, and helped to swell its 
mortality list. In the tradition that has 
come down to us of the dreaded and fatal 
nervous fever, as it was called, may be found 
a description of a severe case of tyjjhoid fever 
where the cerebral symptoms were promi- 
nent. In the reports of the medical society 



this disease is noted as occurring more or less 
throughout the county every year, although 
in some seasons it is more freijuent than iu 
others, especially in Camden. Haddonfield 
seems to have had great immunity from it, 
as there is no record of any case happening 
there that, was not contracted elsewhere. 

Typhus fever has been an infrequent dis- 
ease during the history of the county. 
There was an epidemic of it in Camden in 
1812, in which a number lost their lives, but 
otherwise that city has been remarkably free 
from it. Dr. Bowman Hendry had some 
cases of it adjacent to the almshouse at 
Blackwood. At this institution it is occa- 
sionally introduced by vagrants, and in 1881 
it became epidemic, there having been one 
hundred and three cases and thirty-three 
deaths from it. Dr. McCullough, one of 
the attending physicians, fell a victim to the 
disease. 

Tiie proximity of Camden County to the 
port of I'liiladelphia has made it liable to be 
invaded by yellow fever. There is no record 
of its having become located within the 
county limits, although the lower end of 
(xloucester County, from which it was set off, 
has been charged with having reproduced it 
along the river-shore in 1747 and 1798. 
There were epidemics of yellow fever in 
Philadelphia in 1762; between the years 
1793 and 1798 ; between 1802 and 1805 ; and 
in the years 1819 and 1820. At these peri- 
ods there were isolated cases contracted by 
visits to infected districts of that city. Dur- 
ing the epidemic of 1853 there does not ap- 
pear to have been any deaths from it in 
Camden County. In 1854 there was one 
case of yellow fever in Camden in the person 
of a sailor who, two days previous to his 
attack, had landed from a steamer sixty hours 
from Savannah, Ga. 

The insidious and obscure diseases of the 
kidneys observed and described by Dr. 
Bright, of England, in 1828, and after whom 
they are named, were not diagnosed by phy- 



256 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



sicians until chemistry and microscopy liad 
advanced to such a state of progress as to 
offer the only means of detecting them. The 
first application of these sciences in Camden 
County for this purpose was made by a mem- 
ber of its Medical Society in 1865. Since 
that date Bright's disease is known to be the 
cause of a limited number of deaths here an- 
nually. Fatal results from some formerly 
obscure cases of dropsy are now known to be 
caused by this disease. There are some fam- 
ilies ^vho have noticed that for two or three 
generations a number of their members have 
died of dropsy. Some of these deaths within 
the last twenty years have been the sequelae 
of Bright's disease. The inference is, there- 
fore, that the dropsy of former generations 
was produced by the same cause, and that, 
to a limited extent, Bright's disease is heredi- 
tary. 

In 1735-36 a terrible epidemic swept over 
the colonies, called the " throat distemper." 
In the accounts of it that have come down to 
us, and in the traditions of a not infrequent 
disease called, in this county, " putrid sore 
throat," may be discerned the modern diph- 
theria. Under tiie latter name the malady 
is but little mentioned in the records of the 
Medical Society until 1862, when Dr. Cullen 
reported that it had been seen occasionally 
during the year, but that he did not believe 
that it had ever been epidemic in Camden 
City. Since that date it has appeared more 
or less every year throughout the county, but 
not to any great extent. 

Small pox was a much dreaded disease iu 
colonial times. The introduction of inocula- 
tion here, about 1750, robbed it of some of 
its terrors, and the discovery of vaccination, 
by Jenner, at the close of the last centur}-, 
made it still more harmless. Yet it still 
lingers, and at times becomes epidemic. The 
Camden County Medical Society reported it 
to be so in Camden City in 1856, 1864, 1871 
and 1880. In the latter year there were six 
hundred and eighty-eight cases and one 



hundred and thirty-four deaths from it. The 
number of gratuitous vaccinations made to 
check the disease was about eight thousand. 

Asiatic cholera is an imported disease in- 
digenous to Southern Asia. Its first appear- 
ance in Camden County was in 1832. The 
accounts of its ravages then are verv meagre. 
Dr. Isaac S. Mulford, writing in 1855, says 
that it was not so violent as were the subse- 
quent epidemics of 1849 and 1854, all of 
which he witnessed. He also says that in the 
first-named year it possessed a sthenic char- 
acter. Among the papers of the late Dr. 
Charles F. Clarke, of Woodburv, is one 
stating that the people were greatly afraid of 
it, believing it to be contagious, and that he 
had helped to bury the bodies of the dead, 
which the people in their terror had thrown 
upon the river-shore. 

Its second appearance was in 1849, the 
first case occurring in Camden in the middle, 
of June. At that time the city had a popu- 
lation of nine thousand people, many of 
whom fled ; yet between its advent and the 
commencement of cold weather, when it 
ceased, there were one hundred and nineteen 
cases and fifty deaths. In Winslow there 
were a number of deaths from cholera, but 
no account of them has been preserved. 
There were also a few isolated cases in the 
other townships. Camden was next visited 
by this disease in 1854, when the first person 
attacked died from it on June 25th. It did 
not assume an epidemic form until October, 
and ceased on November 23d. In this year 
there were ninety-four cases and fifty-seven 
deaths. During its continuance the Camden 
City Medical Society held several special 
meetings to consult about it, and the mem- 
bers exerted themselves to the utmost to 
check its ravages. In Haddoufield there was 
a single case that had been contracted iu 
Camden. The susceptibility of the latter 
city to become a cholera centre, the virulence' 
and the fatality of the scourge there, gave it a 
reputation for unhealthfulness that seriously 



A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 



257 



cliecked its growth, so tlmt between 1849 and 
1866 its population only increased from nine 
thousand to eighteen thousand. 

When it was reported, in 1865, that 
cholera was approaching the United States, 
the Camden City IMedical Society, alert to the 
dangers to be apj)reheuded from another 
visitation, at their stated meeting held Sep- 
tember 7th of that year, appointed Drs. John 
R. Stevenson, Isaac S. Mulford, Alexander 
Marcy and Thomas F. CuUen a committee 
to adopt measures to prevent an anticipated 
invasion of cholera. Their final report states 
that upon inspection they found Camden to 
be as filthy as any city of its size in the 
Union. The drainage was superficial and 
imperfect ; garbage and coal ashes were 
thrown into the streets, but few of which 
were paved ; the cesspools, shallow in depth, 
were in many places overflowing upon the 
ground, and pig sties had been allowed to be 
erected in the yards of the poorer classes. 
The committee consulted with the City 
Council, who courteously received their sug- 
gestions, and through their sanitary commit- 
tee, of which John S. Lee was chairman and 
Colonel Joseph C. Nichols the efficient execu- 
tive officer, put in force the ordinances which 
were plenary. Before the summer of 1866 
they had cleansed the city and abated all 
nuisances. In this year the first case of 
cholera occurred on June 25th, when the 
city authorities, having previously provided 
a stock of disinfectants, as recommended by 
the medical committee, virtually transferred 
the direction of sanitary measures to the 
latter, who investigated each case of the dis- 
ease, and had the premises and clothing of 
the sick promj)tly disinfected. There were 
in this year thirty-nine cases of cholera and 
thirty deaths. It did not become epidemic, 
as it only became located in two places, in 
,both of wdiich it was stamped out within 
thirty-six hours. Just beyond the city limits, 
in Newton township, there were twenty-seven 
cases, and twenty-five deaths in a negro 



hamlet. "With the exception of one at 
Winslow, there were no others in Camden 
County. In the year 1873 there were three 
reported instances of cholera in Camden 
City, and in one person it proved fatal. 

The experience of 1866 in Camden and 
elsewhere demonstrated the power and effi- 
ciency of well-directed sanitary measures in 
preventing the spread of infectious and con- 
tagious diseases, and subsequent observation 
confirmed it. 

In the year 1880 the Legislature of New 
Jersey passed an act creating a State Board 
of Health of nine members, which enact- 
ment provided that every city, town or 
borough shall have a Board of Health of not 
less than five nor more than seven members, 
of which the recorder of vital statistics, one 
city physician and the city health inspector 
shall be members. In each township, the 
township committee, the assessor and town- 
ship physician compose the Board of Health. 
Any city, borough or township which had a 
local Board of Health at the time of the 
passage of this act was exempt from its pro- 
visions. Camden was one of those exempted 
and did not accept the provisions of the 
health law until 1885. During the years 
1884 and 1885, Dr. O. B. Gross acted as 
special inspector of that city for the State 
Board of Health. 

The use of herbs as remedies has already 
been described. Cider, although a beverage, 
may be classed as a medicine. In former 
times it was drank hot at night as a cure for 
colds. The ground Jesuit's bark was mixed 
in it to make the dose more palatable, and it 
had the popular reputation of being "good 
for the liver." Every large fanner had his 
cider-mill, where he made his own cider, and 
which he loaned for the use of his less fortu- 
nate neighbors. Scattered at convenient 
points throughout the district were farmers 
who added a still to their cider-mill, and who 
distilled the cider of their friends into apple 
whiskey on shares. At the present time there 



2J8 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



are only a few cider-presses, and but two 
whiskey stills in the county. One still is 
owned by Joshua Peacock, near Haddonfield ; 
the other by Hugh Sharp, adjacent toMarlton. 
An early industry was the distillation of the 
essential oils of sassafras, pennyroyal, horse- 
mint, winter-green, spearmint, etc., from 
indigenous plants that were once very abun- 
dant. Their product was sold locally for 
use as liniments and rubefacients, and the 
surplus sent to the Philadelphia market. 
These oil-stills gradually fell into the hands 
of the negroes. Between 1840 and 1850 
oue was operated in Jordantowu by a colored 
man, Stephen Polk, and by his sou Elzey. 
The last one in the county was owned by a 
colored man styled ''Dr. Thomas," residing 
near Marlton. This was abandoned about 
twenty years ago. 

About the year 1822, Nathan Willets be- 
gan the cultivation of the castor beau on the 
farm where he resided, on the Haddonfield 
and Clements Bridge road, two miles from 
Haddonfield. He also prepared the oil for 
market. He continued the business for 
some twenty years. 

Until the beginning of the present century 
physicians made their visits on horseback 
with a saddle-bag attached to it, in which 
were carried their medicines and the few in- 
struments they used. They prepared their 
own pills and potions. Among their prep- 
arations were those of mercury, a very an- 
cient remedy, which had been always in mod- 
erate use. Calomel came into repute in 
1736 as au application for the throat dis- 
temper, but mercurials were not pushed to 
salivation until within the present century. 
This mode of medication continued up to 
1850. Since then mercury has fallen into 
disuse by the medical profession, but wiien 
the great increase in the consumption of offic- 
inal and patent pills, most of which contain 
some compound of this metal, is taken into 
consideration, it is doubtful if any less of it 
is taken by the people now than formerly, 



only the manner of administration has 
changed. 

Venesection began to be employed about 
1750 and became so popular with physicians 
that it was employed in all cases, the lancet 
being their invariable accompaniment. Now, 
so completely has it fallen into discredit that 
but few of the present members of the Cam- 
den County Medical Society have ever bled 
a patient. 

Boerhaave, elected professor at Leydeu in 
1701, announced the doctrine that all dis- 
eases were the result of humors in the blood. 
This was accepted by ])hysiciaus everywhere, 
who, in accordance with it, prohibited the use 
of cold drinks in sickness, but made their 
patients drink hot teas, keep the window 
closed to prevent the ingress of fresh air, 
and plied them with bed-covers to induce 
perspiration. There are old residents here 
who well remember the discomforts and mis- 
ery of such treatment. 

A few of the best-known old standard 
drugs and some popular nostrums were early 
sold by the country merchants. They are at 
this day to be found in the stock of the 
cross-roads stores in this section. The first 
drug store in Camden County was opened 
by Thomas Redman in November, 1735. 
He was the son of Dr. Thomas Redman, of 
Philadelphia, and was born March 31, 1714. 
He was educated au apothecary, and, having 
removed to Haddonfield, commenced busi- 
ness where now stands the dwelling of the 
late Samuel C. Smith. In addition to drugs 
he kept other merchandise, but the former 
was a special department, where prescriptions 
were compounded. This business and the 
knowledge of the preparation of medicines 
was transmitted to his son and grandson, 
who continued the same occupation in the 
same place until 1846. Charles S. Braddock, 
a graduate of the Philadelphia College of 
Pharmacy in the class of 1851, opened the 
first store in Haddonfield for the exclusive 
sale of drugs in the year 1853. This is still 



A HISTORY OP MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 



259 



continued bv his •sou. R. Willard is the 
proprietor of the other store in this towu. 

In Camden, Dr. Samuel Harris, in 1811, 
sold some medicines from his office. Be- 
tween the years 1812 and 1821, Freedom L. 
Shinn kept a drug store at the northeast 
corner of Second and Plum (Arch) Streets. 
After that there was no place other than at 
Dr. Harris' office where medicines could be 
purchased until 1832, when Dr. Sickler 
opened a drug store on Federal Street uear 
the ferry. According to cliarges on his 
books, opium was worth fifty cents an ounce, 
and seven and one-half ounces of essence of 
peppermint eighty-seven and one-half cents. 
He also sold paints and oils. Paint oil was 
worth one dollar and ten cents per gallon ; 
putty seven cents a pound, and a light of 
glass, ten by twelve, cost seven cents. This 
store was discontinued in 1834. In the lat- 
ter year Drs. Joseph Kaiu and David Smith 
started a store of the same kind at the north- 
east corner of Third and Plum (Arch) 
Streets. Early in the year 1835, Dr. Smith 
retired and moved away. Shortly afterwards, 
in March of the same year, James Rol)erts, 
of Philadelphia, purchased the store from 
Dr. Smitii, and six months subsequently sold 
it to Joseph C. Delacour, who still continues 
the business, but he has removed his estab- 
lishment to the southwest corner of the same 
streets. The medical directory for 1885 
enumerates thirty-six druggists in Camden. 

About the year 1855, Thomas Hallam 
added a drug department to his store in 
Gloucester City, where he compounded phy- 
sicians' prescriptions. This was the com- 
mencement of the apothecary business in 
that place, in which, at present, there are five 
pharmacies. One was opened in Merchant- 
ville in 1881 by C. H. Jennings, and another 
in Blackwood by Dr. J. E. Hurff in 1884. 

Camden City Medical Society. — The 
Camden City Medical Society was organized 
in the city of Camden, June 21, 1853, by 
Drs. L. F. Fisler, I. S. ]\Iulford, O. H.Tay- 



lor, S. Birdsell, T. F. Cullen and J. \. 
Schenck. At this meeting a committee of 
three, consisting of Drs. O. H. Taylor, Bird- 
sell and Fisler, was appointed to draught a 
suitable constitution and by-law's. This 
meeting then adjourned to the 16th instant, 
when a constitution and by-laws were adopted 
and an organization effected by the election 
of Dr. Isaac S. Mulford, president; Dr. L. F. 
Fisler, vice-president ; Dr. J. V. Schenck, 
secretary and treasurer ; and a standing com- 
mittee composed of Drs. Cooper, Birdsdl and 
Cullen. The officers are elected yearly, at 
the annual meeting in September. 

The society is in effect, although not in 
fact, a subdivision of the County Society, 
composed of those members of the latter who 
practice medicine in the city of Camden. In 
the list of its members from the organization 
to the present time there are but seven who 
were not members of the other society. Their 
names are, — 



It meets quarterly, in the evening, gener- 
ally at the house of one its members, but 
since the establishment of the Dispensary it 
occasionally meets there. Its meetings have 
never been discontinued, but sometimes have 
lapsed for want of a quorum. It has a super- 
vision over all medical matters that belong 
exclusively to Camden City, and which are 
not of special interest to the townships out- 
side of it. Reports made to it of the health 
of the city, of epidemics, of medical and other 
cases of special importance, are brought to the 
attention of the standing committee of the 
County Medical Society. Therefore, the 
transactions of the City Society, as far as re- 
lates to disease and its treatment, have already 
been given in the history of the former .society. 



260 



HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 



Formerly a subject of frequent discussion 
in tlieir meetings was the fee-bill or the rates 
to be charged for professional visits and cases 
of surgical injuries, it being desirable that a 
uniform price should be fixed upon by all its 
members for similar attendance upon the 
sick. 

The City Medical Society has always taken 
an active interest in all public measui'es that 
concerned the health or bodily welfare of the 
citizens of Camden. In 1857, at the request 
of the Philadelphia Board of Health, it ap- 
pointed delegates to meet in that city with 
those of similar societies on May 13th. for 
conference in relation to the establishment of 
a uniform system of quarantine laws. In 
the succeeding year another delegation was 
elected to attend a like convention in Balti- 
more. 

At the meeting held July 3, 1858, a com- 
mittee composed of Drs. Mulford, O. H. 
Taylor and Cullen was appointed to investi- 
gate and report upon the filthy condition of 
the hydrant water. The paper which they 
prepared condemned the management of the 
water-works. It was read at the next meet- 
ing of the society, and a synopsis of it was 
sent to the Public Ledger and to the directors 
of the company who then controlled the 
water supply of Camden. 

In 1859 a resolution was introduced into 
the society looking to the establishment of a 
Di.spensary in Camden. This will be more 
fully described in the history of that institu- 
tion. In 1865 a committee was appointed to 
recommend measures for the prevention of 
an invasion of the city by cholera, an account 
of whose work is given in the sketch of 
cholera in Camden. This committee, in ad- 
dition to the duty assigned to it, was, at a 
meeting held August 9, 1866, requested to 
make intpiiry as to the mode of registering 
deaths in Philadelphia, which having been 
done, the ]>lan M'as recommended to City 
Council, with the request that they pass a 
similar ordinance. 



At the meeting held March 4, 1876, the 
family of the late Dr. Richard M. Cooper 
presented his library of medical works to the 
Camden City Medical Society. A committee 
was appointed to prepare an appropriate place 
for it, and to arrange a catalogue of it. The 
Dispensary was selected as a suitable building 
in which to deposit it. 

There never had been any coroner's physi- 
cian for Camden County. In case of sudden 
death, where the coroner desired an investiga- 
tion of its cause by a physician, he could call 
upon any one convenient to the inquest. The 
doctor's services were paid for in each indi- 
vidual ease. There having arisen some dis- 
pute between the officials and the members of 
the Camden County Medical Society as to 
the value of the services rendered, a fee-bill 
was drawn up by the society and laid before 
the proper authorities. At the meeting held 
December 2, 1869, Dr. Thomas F. Cullen 
moved, " That members of the Camden City 
Society refuse to make or assist at any post- 
mortem examination as directed by the cor- 
oner or coroners of Camden County, or by any 
court or courts of said county, until the fee- 
bill as already presented to the Board of 
Chosen Freeholders, as agreed upon by this 
society, shall be accepted and agreed upon by 
them, and the Board of Chosen Freeholders 
be notified by the secretary of this society of 
the same." This resolution was adopted and 
copies were ordered to be sent to the Board 
of Freeholders and to the managers of the 
Dispensary. 

By this time it became apparent that the 
growth of population, with its increasing 
wants, demanded a jihysician clothed with the 
proper authority, and sufficiently remunerated 
to take charge of the physical interests of the 
public departments. The society having 
this object in view, at its meeting in March, 
1874, adopted a motion, made by Dr. James 
M. Ridge, that a committee should be ap- 
pointed to " confer with the relief committee 
of City Council upon the appointment of a 



A HISTORY OP MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 



261 



city physician." Tiie result of these repeated 
efforts of the profession to arouse the atten- 
tion of the officials to the needs of tiie com- 
nninity was the appointment of a county 
physician. 

The Legislature of New Jersey,, by an act 
approved April 21, 1876, created the office 
of county physician. The laws thus enacted 
and in force give the county physician pre- 
cedence and authority in all coroner's cases 
until he has given orders for a view or in- 
quest to a coroner or justice of the peace. 
He is obliged to assume the responsibility of 
all coroner's work. Besides this, he furnishes 
medical attendance and gives medicines to 
the inmates of the county jail. His salary 
is eight hundred dollars per annum, in lieu 
of all fees. 

Dr. Randall W. Morgan was county 
physician from 1876 to 1881 ; Dr. Wm. H. 
Ireland, from 1881 to 1884; and Dr. Gro.ss, 
the present incumbent, since the latter date. 

Pexsion Board. — In June, 1884, a 
United States Pension Board of Examining 
Surgeons was established in Camden. It is 
one of three assigned to New Jersey, the 
other two being respectively at Newark and 
Trenton. It was composed as follows, viz.: 
Dr.' H. Genet Tayloi', president ; Dr. James 
A. Armstrong, treasurer ; Dr. Onan B. 
Gross, secretary. Upon the change of ad- 
ministration of the government, the board 
was reorganized in July, 1885, by the ap- 
pointment of Dr. James M. Eidge, president ; 
Dr. John V^\ Donges, treasurer; and Dr. 
Onan B. Gross, secretary. The board meets 
every Wednesday at the Dispensary for the 
purpose of examining applications for pen- 
sions. 

Camden City Dispexsary. — The first 
movement towards establishing a Dispensary 
in Camden was made in 1859. Dr. O. H. 
Taylor, when a young graduate in medicine, 
had been a visiting physician for the Phila- 
delphia Dispensary, and was impressed with 
the usefulness and the beneficent charitv of 



such an institution in a young city. At the 
meeting of the Camden City Medical Society 
held March 3d, in that year, he brought to 
its attention the propriety of petitioning City 
Council for the establishment of a Dispen.sary. 
This was discussed and laid over until the 
next meeting, on June 2d, when a committee 
of three, composed of Drs. O. H. Taylor, R. 
M. Cooper and L. F. Fisler, M'as appointed 
" to frame a memorial to the City Council of 
Camden, in order to co-operate with the City 
Medical Society in the establishment of a City 
Dispensary." At the Deceml)er meeting the 
committee read a report, and after considera- 
ble debate in regard to the encouragement 
likely to be extended by those appealed to for 
aid, the subject was indefinitely postponed. 

After the call of President Lincoln for 
three hundred thousand men was made, De- 
cember 19, 1864, it became evident that 
another conscrijrtion for troops would be en- 
forced in Camden. A number of men formed an 
association called " The North Ward Bounty 
Association," to insure such of its members 
as might be drafted against enforced mili- 
tary duty, by paying a bounty to volunteers 
to fill the places of those whose names might 
be drawn from the wheel. The drawing 
had been made in Camden, and part of its 
quota had been filled, when the surrender of 
Lee at Appomattox closed the war and 
stopped recruiting. During this month the 
members of the North Ward Bounty Associ- 
ation held a meeting and passed a resolution 
appropriating the sum left in the hands of 
Thomas McKean, treasurer, amounting to 
$3956.96, to charitable purposes. After 
consultation with Dr. Taylor and other 
members of the City Medical Society, Mr. 
McKean determined, with the committee 
of the association, to appropriate it toward 
the founding of a Dispensary. He and 
Samuel B. Garrison were selected as a com- 
mittee to make inquiries as to the manner 
and jiracticability of establishing thesame. On 
May 4, 1865, a special meeting of the Med- 



262 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



ical Society was convened for the purpose of 
taking " action in reference to a resolution 
passed at the last meeting of the North Ward 
Bounty Association, devoting funds ou hand 
to the establishment of a Dispensary in the 
City of Camden." A committee was then 
appointed to confer with the above-named 
gentlemen, consisting of Drs. O. H. Taylor, 
Fisier, Cooper, Schenck and Cullen. 

Subsequently a minority of the members of 
the Bounty Fund Association became dissat- 
isfied with the disposition that had been 
made of the funds, and they held a meeting 
on May 24, 1865, and passed a resolution, ad- 
dressed to Messrs. McKean and Garrison, to 
distribute the money among the "contributors 
and drafted men." This action caused some 
litigation, which was decided by the court in 
favor of the Dispensary. At a meeting of 
the society held in December of the same year 
the committee on Dispensary reported that 
negotiations were in progress for the purchase 
of the Perseverance Hose-House, and that a 
gentleman had purchased twelve cots, which 
he designed presenting to the institution-. At 
the next meeting, in March, 1X66, it was 
reported that the hose-house on Third Street, 
below Market, had been purchased, and that 
a room was being fitted up for the meetings 
of the society, and that A. Browning, Esq., 
had offered his services gratuitously for pro- 
curing a charter for a corporate body. Tiie 
committee were instructed to organize the 
Dispensary in conjunction with such citizens 
as may be appointed to act with them, and 
the plan of organization drawn up by the 
society in 1859 was reported and accepted. 
Subscription books were ordered to be pre- 
pared for each member, for druggists and 
other citizens. On March 17th the keys of the 
Dispensary were handed to the society, w'ith 
tlie request that it should carry on the insti- 
tution until a charter could be obtained from 
the next Legislature authorizing a board of 
managers. On March 21st the following 
visiting physicians were appointed : North 



Ward, Dr. H. Genet Taylor ; Middle Ward, 
Dr. John R. Stevenson ; and South Ward, Dr. 
A. Marcy. O. G. Taylor was elected druggist 
and superintendent. The consulting physi- 
cians, who were appointed at the next stated 
meeting in June, were Drs. R. M. Cooper, L. 
F. Fisier and Thomas F. Cullen. 

The Dispensary was opened immediately 
and managed by the medical committee until 
the procurement of the charter, approved 
February 5, 1867, in which Drs. Isaac S. 
Mulford, O. H. Taylor, Richard M. Cooper, 
Lorenzo F. Fisier, Thomas F. Cullen, John 
V. Schenck, William S. Bishop, Bowman 
Hendry, James M. Ridge, H. Genet Taylor 
and John R. Stevenson were named as cor- 
porators. Under this charter an organization 
was effected March 7, 1867, by the election 
of Dr. Isaac S. Mulford, president ; Dr. L. F. 
Fisier, vice-president ; Dr. J. R. Stevenson, 
secretary ; and Dr. R. M. Cooper, treasurer. 
On the 12th of December of the same year 
the Perseverance Hose-House was conveyed 
to the corporation, the consideration being 
two thousand dollars. The first annual meet- 
ing of the corporators and contributors, as pro- 
vided by the constitution and by-laws which 
had been adopted the 18th of April of the year 
previous, was held January 14, 1868, at which 
it was reported that the net amount received 
from the draft fund had been $3776.94, of 
which $2128.03 had been expended, leaving 
a balance on hand of $1648.91. Since the 
opening of the institution the cash contri- 
butions were one thousand one hundred and 
twenty-seven dollars, besides donations of 
various articles to the value of sixty dol- 
lars. Of this there was a balance of $3.33 
on hand. The total number of patients pre- 
scribed for had been six hundred and eighty- 
two, and the total number of prescriptions 
compounded, two thousand and twenty-three. 
On the 2 1 St of January the reorganization of 
the Dispensary under the new charter took 
place, at which Drs. Thomas F. Cullen was 
elected president ; John V. Schenck, vice- 



A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 



263 



president ; R. M. C'ooper, secretary and treas- 
urer. Dr. Culleu served as president until 
1870, when Thomas A. Wilson was elected. 
He was succeeded in 1874 by John Morgan, 
who continued in office until his death, in 

1881. The next president was Thomas Mc- 
Keen, who died in 1884, when Dr. Alexan- 
dei' Marcy, the present incumbent, was elected 
to fill the vacancy. Dr. John V. Schenck 
continued to be vice-president until his death, 
in 1883, when Dr. Alexander Marcy became 
vice-president, who, upon his election to be 
president in 1884, was succeeded by the pres- 
ent official, Maurice Browning. Upon the 
resignation and removal from the city of the 
secretary, Dr. John R. Stevenson, in 18G7, 
Dr. R. M. Cooper was appointed to tiie va- 
cancy, holding the comlnned office of secre- 
tary and treasurer until his death, in 1874, 
when Dr. H. Genet Taylor was elected secre- 
tary, a position he still holds, and Joseph B. 
C'ooptr became treasurer, but resigned in 

1882. The present treasurer, R. H. Reeve, 
succeeded him. O. G. Taylor, the druggist 
and superintendent, elected March 21, 1865, 
served continuously for nearly twenty years, 
during which time he never made a mistake. 
His iiealth failing, so that he was unable to 
perform his duties, he resigned January 10, 
1886, and died shortly afterwards in the same 
year. Dr. H. F. Palm now fills the post. 

In the year 1868 City Council appropri- 
ated three hundred dollars a year to the Dis- 
pensary, in consideration of the services it 
rendered to the poor of the city. This ap- 
propriation continued until the _year 1879, 
when an ordinance was passed authorizing 
its sanitary committee to divide the city into 
three districts and make a contract M'ith the 
board of managers of the Dispensary to fur- 
nish medical attendance and medicines to the 
poor of the city for the sum of sixteen hun- 
dred dollars per annum. This agreement 
was ratified on June 1st of that year, and 
the following phy.sicians were elected by the 
board of mauagers, viz.: For the First District, 



Dr. O. B. Gross ; Second District, Dr. C. ]\I 
Schellinger; Third District, Dr. M. West— 
with a salary of two hundred dollars a year 
for each. Prior to this time all the physi- 
cians who had attended to the Dispensary had 
given their services gratuitously. The younger 
members of the society had each, in their 
turn, filled the.se positions, serving until a 
new member — usually a young graduate in 
medicine — would relieve them from this duty. 
These physicians had been elected by the C'ity 
Medical Society and were accountable to it, 
but when the officers became salaried, then 
their selection was transferred to the board of 
managers of the Dispensary. This contract 
with the city was renewed annually at the 
same price, until 1885, when the latter opened 
it to the lowest bidder. The board offered to 
renew it at sixteen hundred dollars, which 
was not accepted ; consequently the election 
of the district physicians was abandoned, and 
the Medical Society again resumed its free 
attendance. 

When the Dispensary Iniildiug was fitted 
up, the first floor was divided into two rooms, 
the front one being used as a pharmacy and 
the rear one as an office in which to examine 
patients. Meetings were also held here. 
During the winter of 1866 and 1867 a 
course of gratuitous medical lectures was de- 
livered hei'e to the students of Rev. T. ]\[. 
Reilly's Theological School. Dr. John R. 
Stevenson lectured on materia medica and 
practice of medicine, and Dr. H. Genet Tay- 
lor on anatomy and surgery to these young 
men, who were preparing themselves for mis- 
sionary work in the Territories. In the year 
1884 an additional room was built in the 
rear, to be used for holding consultations. 
At first the second floor was filled with hos- 
pital cots for the i-eception of persons who 
might receive accidental injuries ; but as suffi- 
cient means could not be raised to provide 
nurses and open a culinary department, the 
project was abandoned, and the beds were 
sold in 1869. In l.s68this room was rented 



264 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



to Dr. Reynell Coates for five dollars a 
month, who lived iu it until 1877. The 
Microscopical Society occupied it after 1878. 
The " Board of Pension Examining Sur- 
geons" rented it in 1885. When unoccupied 
it is used for .holding special meetings of 
both the City and County Medical Societies. 
Miss Elizabeth Cooper, who died in 1884, 
left a bequest to the Dispensary of one thou- 
sand dollars. 



of establishing a hospital in West Jersey 
had been for some time contemplated by 
the brothers William D. and Dr. Richard 
M. Cooper, descendants of William Cooper, 
the first settler at Coopers Point, but dur- 
ing their lifetime they had taten no active 
steps iu tliat direction. William D. Cooper, 
shortly before his death, which occurred in 
1875, expressed a wish that fifty thousand 
dollars should be set apart from his estate 




\-tAl llo.-l'I lAL, 



During the year 1885 the attending physi- 
cian had treated one thousand one hundred 
and forty-seven medical and surgical cases, 
and four thousand two hundred and ninety- 
five prescriptions had been compounded. 
The cost of this was $1335.34, which left a 
balance of $242.80 out of receipts amounting 
to $1578.14. 

The Cooper Hospital. — The project 



and used for hospital purposes. The devisees 
of his estate, who were his sisters Sarah W. 
and f^lizabeth B. Cooper, in accordance with 
their brother's wish, took the matter into 
consideration, and deeming fifty thousand 
dollars insufficient for the erection and main- 
tenance of such an institution, generously 
decided to contribute two hundred thousand 
dollars for that purpose. In addition to this, 



A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL .MEN. 



265 



they also, with their brother, Alexander Coo- 
per, conveyed the plot of ground on wliich 
the hospital now stands. The ground extends 
north and south from Mickle to Ben.son 
Streets and east and west from Sixth to 
Seventh Streets, and is valued at about fifty 
thousand dollars, making the total amount 
two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. In 
accordance with the desire of the donors 
a charter was obtained and the act of in- 
corporation provided that the corporators 
should constitute the board of managers, and 
that they should have exclusive control of 
the funds as set forth in the act, and in ac- 
cordance therewith, the two hundred thousand 
dollars was placed in their hands. 

The act provided for the construction of 
suitable buildings for hospital purposes on 
the grounds above mentioned, and also con- 
tains the following : " The olyect of said cor- 
poration shall be to aiford gratuitous medical 
and surgical aid, advice, remedies and care to 
such invalid or needy persons as under the 
rules and by-laws of said corporation shall be 
entitled to the same." The board of mana- 
gers commenced work on the erection of the 
hospital building in the latter part of 1875, 
but during the progress of the work many 
improvements not at first contemplated were 
made, so that when the structure was com- 
pleted, in 1877, the entire cost including 
laying out of the grounds had amounted to 
ninety-five thousand dollars, a much larger 
sum than was at first estimated would be 
required. This left a balance of one hun- 
dred and five thousand dollars for the pur- 
pose of an endowment fund, which was 
invested in New Jersey mortgages bearing 
seven per cent, interest. In 1878 the legal 
rate of interest was reduced to six per cent., 
which materially lessened the income to be 
used in defraying the operating ex})enses 
of the hospital, and the board of mana- 
gers, after taking into consideration the in- 
come thus unexpectedly reduced, concluded 
that the amount was not sufficient to main- 



tain tiie hospital as at first projected, and 
deemed it advisable to add the yearly income 
to the endowment fund until a sufficient sura 
was invested to guarantee the income neces- 
sary to support the institution. The man- 
agers believed that the delay in the opening 
thus caused would result to the benefit of the 
public in the larger accommodations which 
the increased fund would permanently secure. 
The sum now invested (1886) the board of 
managers consider sufficient to warrant the 
opening of the institution. 

The building is constructed of Leiperville 
gray stone, with hollow walls lined with 
brick, three stories high. The entire depth 
is two hundred and twenty-four feet by an 
average width of forty-six feet. The front, 
or administration building, is fifty-six feet 
by forty-six feet, and contains rooms for 
offices, managers, physicians, matrons, apoth- 
ecary and operating rooms, stores, etc., and 
is connected with the hospital by a corridor 
twenty feet by fourteen, on each side of 
which are linen rooms for the use of the 
hospital. 

Thei'c is a male and female ward, each 
thirty-one by seventy-seven feet, connecting 
with sitting-rooms thirty by thirty-one feet. 
Adjoining and connected with these wards, 
are four small wards, each twelve by twenty- 
two feet ; there are also four wards in the 
administration building, each sixteen by 
eighteen feet ; the cubic air space is about 
two thousand four hundred feet, and the 
floor space about one hundred and seventy 
feet to each patient. The basement of the 
hospital building contains the dining-rooms 
and apartments for servants. Particular at- 
tention has been paid to the sanitary arrange- 
ments of the hospital. It is heated through- 
out with steam, besides having open fire- 
places in most of the wards and rooms ; 
the ventilation is effected by means of steam 
coils placed in two large aspirating shafts, 
connected with which are flues opening into 
the wards ; fresh air is supplied from ajier- 



266 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUiSfTY, NEW JERSEY. 



tures in the ceilings leading outside. The 
boiler and laundry rooms are located in a 
separate building connected with the main 
building by an under-ground passage. The 
Jiospital will be opened at first with about 
fifteen beds. Under the rules contemplated 
the medical staff will consist of consulting, 
visiting and resident physicians and surgeons. 
The board of managers are, — President, Alex- 
ander Cooper; Secretary and Treasurer, John 
W. Wright ; Peter L. Voorhees, Rodolphus 
Jjinghani, Joseph B. Cooper, Augustus Reeve, 
William B. Cooper and Richard H. Reeve.' 

BIOGRAPHIES OF PHYSICIAN.S 

Who priu-ticed Medicine in Camden County since the or- 

ymizalion of the Camden County Medical Society 

in 1846, who are deceased or have removed : 

Is.AAC Skillman Mi'LFORD was the son 
of Henry and Sarah Mulford, and was born 
at Alloway's Creek, Salem County, N. J., on 
December 31, 1799. Selecting the profes- 
sion of medicine, he entered the office of Dr. 
Joseph Parrish, of Philadelphia, as a student 
in 1819, and in the same year he attended 
medical lectures at the University of Penn- 
sylvania, from which institution he grad- 
uated in 1822. He served for one year as 
resident physician in the Pennsylvania Hos- 
pital and in 1823 began the practice of med- 
icine in Camden, then a mere village, popu- 
larly known as the " Ferry," in which, at 
that date, Dr. Samuel Harris was the only 
physician. His practice grew as Camden in- 
creased in population until he became a lead- 
ing physician, a position he retained for the 
whole of his career of fifty years of profes- 
sional labor. He was noted for his skill in 
the diagnosis of disease, a faculty that seemed 
to be intuitive with him. 

Dr. Mulford was a pioneer in the organi- 
zation of Camden County and City Medical 
Societies and City Dispensary, and he served 
as president of all of them. His keen insight 
into the needs of the people and his accurate 

' Transactions New .Jersey State Medical Society, 
1885. 



judgment and precision in all technical de- 
tails were valuable aids in laying the firm 
foundations upon which those superstructures 
were erected. He attained an enviable pre- 
eminence in the community for the honesty, 
the firmness and the correctness of his convic- 
tit)ns, both in professional and secular affairs. 
Although never an office-seeker, such was 
the confidence of his iellow-citizens in his 
patriotism and public spirit that, when meet- 
ings were held upon any important civic oc- 
casions, such as the firing upon Fort Sumter 
at the commencement of the Rebellion, he 
would be called upon to preside over 
and to address them. His speeches were 
delivered with a logical force that was 
convincing, and with a rhetoric that rose 
at times into eloquence. He was greatly 
interested in the establishment of the pub- 
lic-school system in New Jersey and his ser- 
vices in its behalf .were rewarded by the Ex- 
ecutive of the State by an appointment after 
its adoption as a member of the State School 
Board of Education. He was frecjuently 
elected a member of the School Board in 
Camden. He was also one of the visitors of 
the State Insane Asylimi. He was an occa- 
sional lecturer upon medical and .scientific 
subjects and was also the author of a number 
of papers upon them published in the medi- 
cal journals. In the year 1848 he issued 
from the press the " Civil and Political His- 
tory of New Jersey," a work which has be- 
come a standard book of reference. 

Dr. Mulford inarried, in 1830, Rachel, 
daughter of Isaac and Sarah Mickle, of 
Gloucester (now Camden) County. Shortly 
afterwards he joined the Society of Friends 
and became a prominent member of the New- 
town Meeting, of which he wqs an elder un- 
til his decease. His residence was upon the 
south side of Federal Street, between Second 
and Third, in the building now occupied by 
the Camden Safe Deposit and Trust Com- 
j)any. He died February 10, 1873, and is 
buried in Newtown Cemetery. He left three 





•r^^ 



A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL iMEN. 



267 



daughters still surviving — Emma, who mar- 
ried Henry Palmer ; Mary, the wifeof Colonel 
James M. Scovel; and Anna, wife of Dr. 
Richard C. Dean, United States Navy. 

Bexjamin Whitall Blackwood was a 
descendant of John Blackwood, the fjuuder 
of the town of Blackwood, in this county. 
His father, John Blackwood, who atone time 
was associate judge of the Gloucester Coun- 
ty Court, married Ann Mickle. Dr. Black- 
wood was born January 1(3, 1800, on a tarni 
on the north side of Newtown Creek, about 
a mile from its mouth. He studied medicine 
under Dr. Samuel Howell, of Woodbury, af- 
terwards of Princeton, N. J., and graduated 
from the University of Pennsylvania March 
27, 1828. He began the practice of medi- 
cine in Haddontield in that year, but did not 
})rocure his license f]-om the New Jersey 
State Medical Society until June 12, 1830. 
He left Haddonfield, and for a short time 
j)racticed in Philadelphia, but soon returned 
to his former residence. He joined the Cam- 
den County Medical Society in 1847, but re- 
signed June 18, 1853, in consequence of his 
affiliation with homoeopathy, which was con- 
trary to the code of ethics of the society. 
He married Mary Ann Hopkins, of Had- 
donfield, November 24, 1824, and died Jan- 
uaiy 19, 18G6. His widow survived him 
six years. He had six children, three of 
whom are living ; two daughters still live 
in his residence, which he built about 1846. 
Dr. Blackwood was a member of the Society 
of Friends and a man of exemplary life. 

Jacob P. Thorxton was a native of 
Bucks County, in Pennsylvania, and his early 
life was spent on the farm of his parents. In 
1828 he graduated in the Medical Depart- 
ment of the University of Pennsylvania and 
located in Haddonfield, N. J., in the same 
year. He obtained considerable practice and 
remained there until 1849. He was one of 
the corporators of the Medical Society of 
Camden County in 184(3 and acted as the 
first treasurer for two years. 



At the meeting of the society January 1(3, 
1849, he resigned his membership " on ac- 
count of the expense attending the meetings." 

He soon after removed to the State of 
Ohio, where he is still living. His practice 
here covered a large extent of territory and 
in many instances with indiiferent pay. His 
attendance on his patients was faithful and 
conscientious, always discharging that duty 
to the best of his ability. 

He was cotemporary with Dr. Charles D. 
Hendry and their professional intercourse was 
always pleasant, his senior extending to him 
the assistance and advice arising therefrom. 

Charles D. Hexdky' was the descend- 
ant of physicians on both the maternal and 
paternal line, and if particular characteristics 
be transmitted from father to son, then he 
had the advantage of two generations on 
either side to strengthen and (jualify him for 
the healing art. 

He w'as the son of Dr. Bowman Hendry, 
of Haddonfield, who was a son of Dr. 
Thomas Hendry, of Woodbury, both j)rac- 
ticing and successful physicians. His mother 
was Elizabeth Duffield, a daughter of Dr. 

Charles Duffield, who was a son of Dr. 

Duffield, both of Philadelphia, whose lives 
were spent in the practice of medicine. 

He was born in Haddonfield May 8, 1809, 
where his parents then resided and where 
his father was in active practice. From his 
earliest recollection he was familiar with his 
father's laboratory and, no doubt, often kept 
his father busy answering questions relating 
to the use and application of medicines. The 
skeletons there standing had no terror for 
him as a boy, but he then saw the anatomy 
of the human system, of so much use to him 
in after-years. The diagnosis of difficult 
cases he often heard discussed when studying 
his lessons for school, and in his youth there 
was instilled into his mind things that he 
found advantageous in his profession. 

'By Hon. John Clement. 



268 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



To slioxv that his father intended he should 
follow him, at the age of sixteen he was 
placed in a drug store in Philadelphia, and 
graduated in pharmacy in 1830. He then 
took his place in the classes of the Univer- 
sity of Penusylvauia and wou his diploma in 
18.32. 

He had scarcely attained his majority be- 
fore his father required him to ride and see 
his patients, and kept him under his personal 
supervision for several years. As the prac- 
tice of medicine was at that time undergoing 
many changes, the father differed widely 
from the notions of the son in adopting the 
new ideas. Many amusing anecdotes were 
related by Dr. Charles of the the persistency 
of Dr. Bowman for the old practice. 

On several occasions when Charles was 
sent to see patients, and had packed his rem- 
edies in his pocket, his father would put his 
man on a horse with the traditional medicine- 
chest to follow him, supposing he had for- 
gotten the ever needful attendants of a prac- 
titioner of the " old school." The old gentle- 
man would often insist on certain rules being 
followed as only conducive to success, and 
assure his son that he would lose his cases 
aud position if he departed from them. M'^ith 
all due respect for his experience, old theories 
gradually passed away, and at his death 
(April 23, 1838) Charles had succeeded to 
the practice with advanced and popular ideas. 

Following the religious views of his fam- 
ily, he did much toward the building of an 
Episcopal Church in Haddoiifield, aud was 
elected one of the vestrymen April 20, 1843, 
and SI) remained until his death. 

Believing that much advantage would be 
derived from more frequent intercourse among 
physicians in the county, and after consider- 
able eif(n-t on his part, the Camden County 
Medical Society was organized August 14, 
1846. This was nuitually beneficial, and 
soon became very popular in the profession. 
In 1849 he was selected to represent the 
society in the American Medical Association, 



which sat at Boston, Mass., showing that his 
standing as a practitioner was appreciated 
among his constituents. He acted as presi- 
dent of the county society in 1852 and 1853, 
but in 1865 he removed to Philadelphia, 
and in that year (June 20th) resigned his 
membership. He practiced medicine in his 
native town and neigliborhood for about 
thirty -three years, associated with others who 
settled there as the increase of population 
warranted it. In the early part of his ser- 
vice the work was exposing and laborious, 
presenting to him diseases in every phase 
and under every condition. Being of an 
affable and pleasant address, and generally 
reaching a correct diagnosis of the case 
before him, he soon became popular, and 
secured the confidence of the comnuinity. 
His care of and attention to his jjatients was 
proverbial, and he seldom allowed stormy 
weather, bad roads or dark nights to break 
iu upon this rule. His operations in surgery 
were limited, and in difficult cases he always 
obtained the assistance of experts. 

He gave considerable attention to climatic 
changes aud miasmatic influences as control- 
ling the health of the neighborhood, and 
drawing the attention of his associates to 
these important, but then little understood, 
subjects. 

Being the victim of hereditary gout, aggra- 
vated by his frequent exposure to storms aud 
cold, his health gradually declined, and in 
1865 he abandoned his practice and removed 
to Philadelphia. He afterwards returned to 
Camden, and was often consulted by those 
who regarded his experience and skill as 
superior to all others. He died April 25, 
1869, and lies buried in the cemetery at 
Colestown, beside the remains of his ances- 
tors. 

John Rowan Sicklek. — Tiicre were .'sev- 
eral physicians who practiced witliin the 
territory of Camden County who never 
were members of its medical society. One 
of the most prominent of these was Dr.. 



A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND IMEDICAL MEN. 



269 



John E. Sickler. He was a native of the 
conuty, having been born at Chews Land- 
ing September 20, 1800. He was the son 
of Christopher and Sarah Sickler. At the 
age of eighteen he entered the office of Ben- 
jamin B. Cooper to learn surveying and con- 
veyancing, an occupation he followed for 
several years. Having a natural fondness 
for the profession of medicine, he, when 
twenty-six years of age, entered the office of 
Dr. McClellan, father of (general Geo. B. 
McClellan, as a student, and graduated at the 
Jeffiirson Medical College March 18, 1829. 
The next day, at his home in Chews Lauding, 
he paid his first professional visit to James 
D. Dotterer. He continued in pi'actice here 
for four years, a place where, according to the 
doctor's books, the people were remarkable for 
being good pay. On the 25th of Mai-ch, 18-32, 
he removed to Camden and opened a drug-store 
on Federal Street, near the ferry, in which 
he sold a general assortment of drugs, in- 
cluding paints and oils. It was tiie only 
store of the kind then in that city. Dr. 
Sickler still retained part of his county prac- 
tice. After living in Camden a little over 
two years, and his health failing, he relin- 
quished his drug business, and on April 14, 
1834, returned to Chews Landing. On No- 
vember I3th of the same year he moved 
to Woodbury. Here he remained until 
March 25, 1836, when he located at Car- 
penters Lauding (now Mantua) where he 
spent the remainder of his days. He took an 
active part in public affairs. In 1825 he was 
a justice of the peace for Gloucester township, 
and between 1828 and 1865 he was associate 
judge of the Courts of Common Pleas of Glou- 
cester County, which, up to 1844, included in 
it Camden County. In the latter year he 
was a member of the Constitutional Conven- 
tion of the State. He was a member of the 
Board of Chosen Freeholders of Gloucester 
from 1859 to 1871. Several times he was a 
school trustee. He was one of the building 
committee that erected the Gloucester County 

33 



Almshouse, and was its first treasurer. Be- 
sides attending to these official duties, he 
joined in the State, county and district con- 
ventions of the Democratic party, of which 
he was a member. During all these years of 
public life he pursued the practice of medi- 
cine with skill and success. He took much 
interest in the Gloucaster County ^Medical 
and State Medical Societies, being a member 
of both, and at one time president of the 
latter. In the year 1876, when seventy-six 
years old, he retired from business. He 
died April 11, 1886. 

Myles and Martin Stnott were broth- 
ers. Their father was Irish and their mother 
American. They were natives of ilays 
Landing. The elder brother, Myles, was 
born in 1806, and the younger, Martin, April 
8, 1812. The former studied with Dr. Ja- 
cob Fisler, who afterward married the Drs. 
Synott's mother. He graduated at the Jef- 
ferson Medical College in 1831 and com- 
menced the practice of medicine in Chews 
Landing in 1833. He remained here until 
1841, when he removed to Glassboro', Glou- 
cester County, where he died February 9, 
1867. He was noted for his wit. He was 
very strict concerning his instructions to his 
2«tients, and once blistered a man's feet be- 
cause he refused to stay in the house when 
ordered to do so.^ He married Harriet 
Whitney, of Glassboro', in 1843, and left 
three children, still living. 

Dr. Martin Synott studied medicine with 
his brother and graduated at the Jefferson 
Medical College in 1839. He also located 
at Chews Landing, where he practiced until 
1845, when he removed to Blackwood, where 
he died April 8, 1877. He was a man of 
tact and skill in his profession. He married 
Rebecca Jaggard, February 12, 1844. Two 
daughters survive him. 

Joseph Anderson Stout, was the son of 
Benjamin and Grace Stout, of Attleborough 

1 Dr. Somers' " Medical History of Atlantic County." 



270 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



(Langhorne), Bucks CVninty, Pa., wliere he 
was boru in 1807. He studied medicine 
under Dr. Boil, and graduated in New York 
in 1831. Some time afterwards he located in 
Loug-a-Coming (now Berlin), Camden Coun- 
ty, his practice extending to Winslow, Water- 
ford and the surrounding country. lu 1838 
he removed to Tuckahoe, Cape May County. 
From thence he went to Somers Point, At- 
lantic County, succeeding Dr. Lewis S. 
Somers, who had removed to Philadelphia. 
While in Tuckahoe lie married, in 1839, 
Miss M. S. Godfrey, a sister of Hon. John 
Godfrey, who, after the death of Dr. Stout, 
married a Mr. Ogden. Dr. Stout died at 
Somers Point April 11, 1848, and was 
buried in Zion Churchyard, at Bargaintown. 
He was a believer in the faith of universal 
salvation. He left four sons, but one of 
whom is living.' 

Lorenzo F. Fisler was born on a farm 
in the upper end of Cumberland County, 
near Fislerville, on the '20th of April, 1797. 
He was the son of Dr. Benjamin and Catha- 
rine Fisler. He studied medicine with his 
father, who then practiced medicine in Port 
Elizabeth, and as early as 1815 he assisted 
the latter in his profession. Dr. Fisler at- 
tended lectures at the University of Penn- 
sylvania and graduated therefrom in 1819. 
He had two brothers, physicians, — Samuel, 
his twin brother, and Jacob who practiced in 
Mays Landing, Atlantic County. Dr. Lo- 
renzo F. Fisler began his professional career 
with his brother Benjamin in the latter place, 
where, being a good speaker, he occasionally 
preached in the Methodist Church. " He re- 
mained here only a short time. He removed 
to Woodstown, in Salem County, and in 1825 
he passed his examination before the board 
of censors of that county. In 1832 he re- 
turned to Port Elizabeth, and in 1836 he lo- 
cated in Camden, his ofHce being on Second 
Street below INIarkct. In this city he soon 

' Dr. Somers' "Meiiical History of Atlantic County." 



secured a good practice, at the same time 
joining actively in public affairs. He was 
mayor of the city seven times. Dr. Fisler 
was a clear and logical writer, and was the 
author of a pamphlet history of Camden, 
jHiblished in 1858. As a public lecturer he 
was noted for his pleasing address and hu- 
morous satire, and he was frequently invited 
to deliver addresses before associations of a 
benevolent or charitable character. He never 
joined either the State or Cuinity Medical So- 
cieties, but he was one of the organizers and 
a most efficient member of the Camden City 
Medical Society. Dr. Fisler died in Cam- 
den, March 31, 1871. He married Anna 
Maria, daughter of Richard Somers and 
Rachael Risley, of Woodstown, who, with 
five children, are still living. 

William Parham was one of the physi- 
cians in Camden County who never joined 
its medical society. He was born in 1803, 
in Jerusalem, Va. He studied medicine in 
Lexington, Ky., and began its practice in 
Alabama. From there he went to Central 
America and was a surgeon in a battle in 
Yucatan. After that he returned to the 
United States, and remained for a time in 
Philadelphia. He then selected Tom's River, 
in Ocean County, N. J., as a field for 
practice, but in 1836 he removed to Tansboro'? 
in Camden County, from which place his 
professional visits extended to the adjacent 
towns of Waterford and AVinslow. In a few 
years Dr. Parham removed to Williamstown, 
and thence in 1846 to Blackwood. He con- 
tinued to practice medicine here until his 
death, which occurred April 2, 1855. He 
married, at Barnegat, Ocean County, Febru- 
ary 28, 1833, Juliana, daughter of Dr. 
Bugbee, who was a native of Vermont. They 
had no children. 

George Barrows was an Englishman 
and received his medical education in his 
native country. With a wife and one child 
he landed penniless in New York in 1836. 
Accidentally meeting in that city with Sooy 




'^l~ /^ 



>- 



A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL .MEN. 



271 



Thompson, of Plea.sant ]Mills, Atlantic 
Couutv, N. J., he was induceil by liim to 
settle in the latter place, where he boarded 
with !Mr. Thompson until he could procure 
a home for himself. Here he diligently ap- 
plied himself to the practice of his profession." 
Between the years 1840 and 1844 he i-e- 
moved to Tansboro', in Camden C'ouuty. At a 
meeting of the Camden County Medical Society 
held December 21, 1847, a committee was ap- 
pointed to investigate the credentials of Dr. 
Barrows. They reported that there was on 
file in the clerk's office a certified copy of a 
dijtloma granted to him in 183(3 by Dr. 
Henry Vanderveer, president of the New 
Jersey State Medical Society. It does not 
appear that he ever applied for admission to 
membership in the County ^Medical Society. 
He removed to Philadelphia, where he died 
in 1852. 

Rn'HARD Matlack Cooper. — William 
Cooper, of Coleshill, England, located laud 
at Burliugton, N. J., in 1678. On June 
12, 1G82, he had surveyed to him the 
land at Pyne, now Coopers Point, Cam- 
den, to which he then removed. Daniel 
Cooper, the youngest son of William, mar- 
ried twice. By the first wife he had one 
child, William, from whom is descended 
the family which by inheritance and pur- 
chase acquired a large part of what is now 
the city of Camdeu, much of it still being 
iu their possession. 

Of this family was Dr. Richard M. 
Cooper, the sou of Richard M. and Mary 
C'ooper, l)orn iu Camden August 30, 1816. 
His fathei', who was a man of distinc- 
tion, gave his sou a liberal education. After 
a course of study at a preparatory school 
he entered the Department of Arts of the 
University of Pennsylvania in 1832, and 
graduated from it iu 1836. Heat once com- 
menced the study of medicine with Professor 
George B.Wood, of the Medical Department 

' Dr. Somers' Medical " History of Atlantic County. '' 



of the .same University, and after attending 
three courses of lectures there, received from 
it his degree of M.D. iu 1839. 

At this date the lower part of Ciuuden, 
called South Camden, was being settled by 
negroes and poor whites. Among these Dr. 
Cooper began the practice of his profession, 
gratuitously dispensing uecessary medicines. 
His colleagues in the profession were Drs. 
Samuel Harris, Isaac S. Mulford and Loren- 
zo F. Fisler, all men of ability and exper- 
ience, with whom he soon took an equal rank 
as a skilful practitioner. 

Dr. Cooper took an active interest in the 
organization of the Camdeu County Medical 
Society in 1846, being one of its corpora- 
tors, its first secretary and subsequently its 
treasurer. He was a member of its board of 
censors from the time of their appointment, 
in 1847, until 1851, and as such it was his 
duty to examine into the qualifications of all 
I)hysicians desiring to practice medicine iu 
the district. 

Professionally, Dr. Cooper appears to have 
attained almost the station of the ideal phy- 
sician, for he had a broad love for humanity 
as well as an enthusitasm for the healing art. 
" He was distinguished," says one who knew 
him, " for that gentle and cheerful demeanor 
in a sick-room which not only in.spired faith 
in his patient, but assuaged the pangs of 
many an aching heart. Such was the esteem 
in which he was held, that many seemed to 
believe that his presence in a sick-room 
woukl relieve the sufferer. His skill aud 
constant studious research in his profession, 
however, gave him a success which inspired 
this confidence ; and practicing, because he 
loved to practice, gave him an experience 
which increased his knowledge. ... A man 
cast in such a mold would naturally find 
pleasure in forwarding works of charity and 
benevolence. It was so in this case." 

One of Doctor Cooper's characteristics was 
his modesty. He would not permit his name 
to be proposed for jiresident of the County 



272 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY. NEW JERSEY. 



Medical Society uutil 1871, because he was 
unwilliug to stand in the way of the promo- 
tion of its younger members. For the same 
reason he accepted tiie appointment of dele- 
gate to tlie American Medical Association 
only when its meetings were held at a dis- 
tance, because he could spare the time occu- 
pied, and the expense incurred in its attend- 
ance, better than his fellow-members. In 
1871 he read before the Society a history of 
it from its incorporation, the MSS. of which 
are preserved in the archives. He was fre- 
quently chairman of the standing committee, 
and wrote the medical reports made to the 
New Jersey State Medical Society, which 
were marked by a comprehensive knowledge 
of the diseases of his native county. He be- 
came president of the latter society in 1856. 
" Engrossed, as Dr. Cooper was, by the on- 
erous duties of an exacting profession, which 
were discharged with a fidelity, skill and self- 
abnegation worthy of the man, he found 
time, amid all these, to intimately acquaint 
himself with what was passing in the busy 
world around him. There seemed to be no 
subject, national, state, county or municipal, 
that escaped his notice, or that he did not ex- 
ercise his impartial judgment in properly 
considering and criticising. Those measures 
which involved the vital concerns of the 
country, when torn asunder for the time 
by fratricidal strife, awakened his deepest 
thought, and when drawn out, he would 
discuss them with that unconscious ability 
characteristic of the man. He displayed 
the same cogent reasoning and methods of 
thought in reaching satisfactory conclusions 
when giving expression to his views in regard 
to the more intimate concerns of his State. 
Laws affecting its policy or the interests of 
the people seldom escaped his observation, 
or failed to provoke his favorable or ad- 
verse criticism, and no one could listen 
without being instructed as well as sur- 
prised at the large fund of general infor- 
mation always at hand to draw from in illus- 



trating a point or in enforcing an argument. 
But it was in home affairs that Dr. Cooper 
showed his greatest interest and his thorough 
acquaintance with everything connected with 
the public welfare. He scrutinized with the 
greatest care every action of the local author- 
ities involving the city's welfare, never 
withholding his approval where the step 
to be taken was warranted by the city's 
finances and demanded for the public good. 
Dr. Cooper was never indifferent to his 
responsibility as a citizen, and it was 
this that led those who knew him best to 
seek his advice and counsel when matters of 
public interest required the mature delibera- 
tion of one so prudent, unselfish and dis- 
criminating." 

Dr. Cooper was one of the originators of 
the Camden City Medical Society, and was 
a most efficient member. He was a corpor- 
ator of the Camden City Dispensary, and its 
treasurer from its incorporation until his 
death. 

The Cooper Hospital, described elsewhere, 
was a project of his, in conjunction with his 
brother, Wm. D. Cooper, which, although not 
commenced in the lifetime of the projectors 
was, after their decease, established and en- 
dowed by their sisters Sarah W. and Eliza- 
beth B. Cooper, who with their brother, 
Alexander Cooper, also conveyed the land 
upon which the buildings are located. 
For many years Dr. Cooper was a sufferer 
from hereditary gout, from the consequences 
of which, superadded to the labors of a very 
extensive practice, he died May 24, 1874, 
while, for a second time, president of his 
favorite, the Camden County Medical Society, 
to which he bequeathed, in his will, the sum 
of three thousand dollars, the interest of 
which was to be used in defraying its ex- 
jienses. He was a member of the Society of 
Friends, whose faith had been the religion of 
his ancestors. He was never married. 

EzKKiEi. Cooper Cheav commenced the 
study of medicine with Dr. Bowman Hendry, 





w^^/^ 



V5^ 




A HISTORY OF MEDICINE ANT) MEDICAL MEN. 



273 



of Iladdonfiekl, and completed his education 
at the Jefferson Medical College in 1843. He 
\\a.'5 the son of Nathaniel and Mary Chew, of 
Greenwich (now Mantua) township, Glouces- 
ter County, and was born January 17, 1822. 
He first engaged in the practice of medicine 
in Blackwood, and joined the Camden 
County iMedical Society in 1851. He had 
been a member about two years, when he left 
tliis county and removed to Iowa, and sub- 
sequently settled in Indiana, where he was 
still living three years ago. Dr. Chew was a 
man of commanding appearance and had a 
fine physique. He married Miss Caroline 
Bi.shop Woolston, of Vincentown, Burlington 
County, N. J., and had fourteen children, of 
whom seven sons and three daughters are 
living, and four sons are dead. 

Otiixiel Hart Taylor was born in 
Philadelphia :May 4, 1803. His father was 
AVilliam Taylor, Jr., who married Mary E. 
Gazzam, both of Cambridge, England, 
wlience they removed to Philadeljiiiia, in 
which city Mr. Taylor was engaged in an ex- 
tensive mercantile business for more than 
forty years. 

The early life of his son (Jthniel was occu- 
pied mainly in attendance upon schools of 
elementary instruction in Philadelphia and 
Holmesburg, Pa., and in Baskenridgc, X. J. 
In 1818 he entered the Literary Department 
of the University of Pennsylvania, and in 
1820 he became a medical student in the of- 
fice of that distinguished physician and sur- 
geon, Thomas T. Hewson, M.D., at the same 
time attending a course of medical instruction 
in the University of Penn.sylvania. He com- 
pleted his studies there in 1820 and grad- 
uated with the class of that year. After his 
graduation. Dr. Taylor entered upon the 
practice of medicine in the city of Philadel- 
jiiiia, where he was very soon appointed one 
of the physicians to the City Dispensary, in 
which capacity he served many years, and 
al>out the same time he was elected out-door 
physician to the Pennsylvania Hospital, a 



position he held for eight years. During the 
year 1832 the Asiatic cholera made its first 
appearance in this continent, and Dr. Taylor 
distinguished himself by volunteering to 
serve in the city hospitals which were estab- 
lished in the emergency by the municipal au- 
thorities, while he was at the same time act- 
ing as one of the Committee of Physicians 
appointed by the City Councils as consulting 
physicians to their sanitary board. 

The hospital which was especially in his 
charge was known as St. Augustine Ho.s- 
pital, in Crown Street, and the number of 
cholera patients reported by him as under 
treatment in that hospital was five hundred 
antl twelve. He was also elected as one of 
a commission of medical men who were sent 
to Montreal, in Canada, to study the charac- 
ter and treatment of cholera on its out- 
break in that city, and before its appearance 
in our cities ; but being unable to accompany 
the commission, he declined in favor of Dr. 
Charles D. Meigs, who, with Drs. Richard 
Harlan and Sanniel Jackson, made the visit 
and rejiort. U|)un the closing of the hospi- 
tals aftei' the (li.sappearance of the cholera. 
Dr. Taylor, with seven other physicians who 
had been in charge of cholera hospitals, re- 
ceived, by vote of the City Council, a testi- 
monial of their appreciation of the services 
which they had rendered to the city, each of 
them being presented with a service of silver 
bearing inscription that it was given " as a 
token of regard for intrepid and disinterested 
services." 

In consequence of impaired health. Dr. 
Taylor, in 1838, relinquished the practice of 
medicine in Philadelphia and removed to 
Abington, Pa. ; thence he went, in 1841, to 
Caldwell, I'^ssex County, N. J., and in 1844 
he located himself in Camden, continuing 
actively in the practice of medicine there 
during the remainder of his life' 

Dr. Taylor was one of the three })hysicians 

1 Transactions New Jersey .State Medical Society, 
1870. 



274 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



of Camdeu City whose names appear in the 
list of corporators of the Camden County 
Medical Society in 1846, and he was its first 
vice-president, holding the office for four 
years. In 1856 he became its president. 
For twenty-three years he was one of its 
most attentive, active and efficient members, 
his learning and experience rendering his ser- 
vices invaluable in committee work. He 
was elected vice-president of the State Medi- 
cal Society successively in 1849, 1850 and 
1851, and president of that society in 1852. 
He was one of the organizers of the City 
Medical Society and had filled its most im- 
portant offices ; and he introduced into it the 
resolution for the founding of a City Dispen- 
sary, of which, when eventually it was estab- 
lished, he was one of the corporators and a 
manager until ill health compelled his retire- 
ment. 

Dr. Taylor was the author of quite a num- 
ber of valuable articles and addresses upon 
medicine and related subjects which were 
published in the medical and other journals. 
In addition to this, he was frequently a lec- 
turer before lyceums and other societies, and 
this contributed much to the intellectual de- 
velopment of Camden. He was a member 
of the Protestant Episcopal Church and in 
1847 he was elected a warden of St. Paul's 
Ciiurch, Camden, and at the time of his 
death he was senior warden of that parish. 

In 1832, Dr. Taylor married Evelina C, 
daughter of Jehu and Anna Burrough, of 
Gloucester (now Camden County). During 
his residence in Camden he lived in the house 
on Market vStreet, above Third, built by Mrs. 
Burrough in 1809, where tiie doctor died of 
pneumonic phthisis September 5, 1869. His 
widow survived until September 18, 1878, 
leaving three sons — Dr. H. Genet Taylor, 
Marmadake B. Taylor (a laAvyer in Camden) 
and (). G. Taylor (deceased), who for nearly 
twenty years was apothecary and superinten- 
dent of the Camden Dispensary. 

William C. Mulfohd was a pioneer 



physician in Gloucester City, having re- 
moved to it from Pittsgrove, Salem County, 
in 1845, soon after the first mill was erected 
in the former place. He was the son of 
AVilliam and Ann iCulford, and was born 
July 17, 1808, in Salem City. Commencing 
the study of medicine under Dr. Beasley, he 
attended medical lectures at the Jefferson 
Medical College, and graduated in 1830. 
He practiced medicine in Pittsgrove, Salem 
County, where he married his wife, Emily 
Dare, on March 28, 1833. Upon his re- 
moval to Gloucester City he was appointed 
its first postmaster, the post-office being in a 
corner room of the factory. Dr. Mulford 
continued practicing his profession here 
until 1862, when he was commissioned an 
assistant surgeon in the Third New York 
Cavalry, serving with it for six months, 
when he was detailed for hospital duty in 
Rhode Island, and then in Washington. 
He was on duty at and witnessed the execu- 
tion of Mrs. Surratt. He was honorably 
discharged from the service in April, 1866» 
when he recommenced the practice of medi- 
cine in Gloucester City, and continued there 
until 1870. In that year he removed to a 
farm he had purchased in Charles City 
County, Va., where he died December 3, 
1 878. He never joined either of the medical 
societies. 

Keynell Coaxes moved to C^amdcn in 
1845, where he attended an occasional pa- 
tient during the earlier years of his residence 
in it. He belonged to an old Philadelphia 
family, and was born in tliat city Decem- 
ber 10, 1802. His father, Samuel Coates, 
sent him to the well-known Friends' School 
at Westtown. Afterwards he attended med- 
ical lectures at the University of Penn- 
sylvania, where he graduated in 1823. Dr. 
Coates was a man of the most brilliant and 
erratic genius, and a poet of consideralde 
reputation. He was a well-known author 
upon medical, scientific and political sub- 
jects, and some of his works have been 



A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL .^lEN. 



275 



translated into other languages; a list of them 
may be found in Allibone's " Dictionary of 
Authors." He likewise for a time took an 
active part in politics, and in 1852 was the 
candidate for Vice President on the Native 
American ticket. Before he came to Cam- 
den he had separated from his wife, with 
whom he had lived but one year. In this 
city he was very poor at times and depend- 
ent upon the assistance of his relatives in 
Philadelphia. Sometimes he boarded, but 
frequently he lived entirely alone, doing his 
own cooking. In, 1807 he was elected a 
member of the Camden City ^Medical So- 
ciety. Dr. Coates was the anonymous author 
of a biography of Dr. Bowman Hendry, of 
Haddonfield, published in pamphlet form 
in 1848. He died in Camden April 27, 188G. 
Aarox Dk'KInsos Woodrufk was the 
first member to join the Camden County 
Medical Society after its incorporation, \vhich 
he did in 1847. His grandfather, A. 
I). Woodruff, was attorney-general of New 
Jersey from 1800 to 1818. Dr. Woodruff 
was the son of Elias Decou Woodruff and 
Abigail Ellis Whitall, and was born in 
Woodbury, N. J., May 4, 1818. Upon the 
death of his father, in 1824, his mother re- 
moved to Georgetown, D. C, and thence, in 
182SI, to Philadelphia. Dr. Woodruff was 
educated at the academy of Samuel Jones. 
At sixteen he entered the drug store of 
Charles Ellis, and graduated at the College 
of Pharmacy in 1838. In 1840 he went to 
Woodville, Miss., to take charge of a drug 
store, but commencing the study of medicine, 
he returned, in 1842, to Philadelphia, and 
pursued his studies under Dr. Thomas Mut- 
ter, professor of surgery in the Jefferson 
Medical College, from which school he grad- 
uated in 1844. He spent a few months in 
the Pennsylvania Hospital, and then com- 
menced the practice of medicine in Haddon- 
field, where he soon won the confidence of 
the people and secured an extensive practice. 
In 1805, in consequence of impaired health 



from overwork, Dr. Woodruff retired from 
practice and removed to Philadelphia. He 
resigned from the Medical Society in 1871, 
upon his removal to his farm in Princess 
Anne, IMd., but was elected an honorary 
member of it. He died in Philadelphia in 
January, 1881. He was an elder in the 
Presbyterian Church. Dr. Woodruff mar- 
ried Miss Anne Davidson, of Georgetown, 
D. C, but left no issue. 

James C'. Risley was one of the corpor- 
ators and first president of the Camden 
County Medical Society, being at that time 
a practitioner of medicine at Long-a-Coming 
(Berlin), where he remained until 184!l. He 
was the son of Judge James Risley, of 
Woodstown, Salem County, born in June, 
1817. He studied medicine with Dr. J. 
Hunt, and was licensed by the board of 
censors of the New Jersey State Medical 
Society in June, 1838, but he did not attend 
medical lectures until some years later, finally 
graduating in 1844 at the Jefferson Medical 
College. In the mean time he had practiced 
medicine at Port Elizabeth until 1842, when 
he returned to Woodstown. After his gradu- 
ation he located in Camden County. From 
here, in 1849, he went to Columbia, Pa., and 
remained there until 1850, when he removed 
to Muscatine, Iowa. He returned to Penn- 
sylvania in 1861, and opened an office at 
Nesv Brighton, continuing here until 1864, 
when, his health being impaired, he went back 
to his home in Woodstown, where he died 
November 21, 1866.' Dr. Risley was a man 
of commanding appearance and pleasing ad- 
dress, with colloquial powers that won for 
him a quick appreciation from his patrons. 
He married Miss Caroline Crompton, of Port 
Elizabeth, who survived him. 

Bdwmax Hendry, Jr., was the son ot 
Dr. Bowman Hendry, and was born in Had- 
donfield May 4, 1820. His father dying 
when his son was a youth, young Hendry 

'Transactions New .Jersey State >[e<lical Society, 
1867. 



276 



HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



studied luediciue witli liis brother Charles, aud 
graduated from the Jeffersou College in 1846. 
For a few mouths he jiracticed medicine iu 
iladdonfield, and then removed to Gloucester 
City, a place that had just been started as a 
manufacturing town. After the outbreak of 
the Civil War Dr. Hendry entered the army 
and was appointed assistant surgeon of the 
Sixth New Jersey Regiment, and continued 
with it until the regiment was mustered out 
of service, September 7, 1864. Next he was 
attached to the Mower Hospital, at German- 
town, Pa., where he remained until the close 
of the war. He then located in Camden 
City, where he practiced medicine until his 
death, June 8, 1868. Dr. Hendry was a 
member of the Camden City and Camden 
County Medical Societies, having joined the 
latter in 1847, and was its president in 1860. 
He took an active part iu both, and I'ead before 
the City Society a valuable paper upon the 
Mower Hospital. He married, February 
24, 1850, Helen A. Sarchet, of Gloucester 
City, who, M'ith one daughter, resides in 
Camden. 

Charles W. Sartori was born in Tren- 
ton, N. J., September 6, 1806. His father, 
John Baptiste Sartori, a native of Rome, 
Italy, came to the United States in 1701. 
He returned to Rome as United States con- 
sul from 1795 to 1800, when he came back 
to the United States as consul for the Papal 
States. Dr. Sartori's mother was Henrietta, 
daughter of Chevalier De Woopoin, a French 
officer, who acquired large estates in San 
Domingo, but was killed in the negro in- 
surrection in that island. Dr. Sartori was 
educated at Georgetown, D. C. He studied 
medicine and graduated at the Jetferson 
Medical College in 1829. Commencing the 
practice of medicine in Port Rejiublic, .\t- 
lantic County, he remained there until 18.'5!t, 
when he removed to Tuckerton, Burlington 
Couuty, and practiced there until 184-3. Be- 
tween this date and 1849 he was again in At- 
lantic County, at Pleasant Mills, Atsion, 



Batsto, aud in the latter year located at Black- 
wood, Camden County, where he stayed only 
a short time, removing from thence to Cam- 
den. He never practiced medicine in Cam- 
den, although it was his residence until his 
death, on October 4, 1875. On May 10, 
1861, he was appointed acting assistant sur- 
geon in the United States Navy, and was 
assigned to the United States steamer 
" Flag," his brother, Louis C. Sartori, now 
commodore on the retired list United States 
Navy, being commander of that vessel. In 
1863 he was transferred to the United States 
steamer " Wyalusing," from which vessel he 
resigned July 19, 1864. In 1833 Dr. Sartori 
married Ann L., widow of Captain Robert 
D. Giberson, of Port Republic. He was 
never a member of either of the Medical 
Societies in Camden County. 

John Voorhees Schenck belonged to 
an old East Jersey family, who have had a 
number of representatives in the medical 
profession. He was the son of Dr. Ferdi- 
nand S. and Leah Voorhees Schenck, and 
was born in Somerset County, N. J., Novem- 
ber 17, 1824. The elder Dr. Schenck 
represented his district in Congress for four 
years, and between 1845 and 1851 he was 
one of the judges of the Court of Errors and 
Appeals. Dr. John V. Schenck received his 
academical education at Rutgers College, 
from which he obtained his diploma in 1844. 
Then he attended medical lectures at the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania, where he graduated 
in 1847. At first he assisted his father in 
his practice in his nativ'e place, but soon re- 
moved to Monmouth County, where he re- 
mained but a short time. In 1848 he located 
in Camden and gradually secured probably 
the most extensive practice, especially in 
obstetrics, of any physician who ever prac- 
ticed there. He was the eleventh member 
admitted (1848) to the Camden County Med- 
ical Society, and liecame its secretary and 
treasurer in 1856, and its president in 1859. 
He Avas one of the orsjanizers of the Camden 



A HISTOKY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL ^lEN. 



277 



City Medical Society, and a corpoi'ator of the 
Camden City Dispensary, and was secretary 
of the former from its commeucement until 
1859. He was also a member of the New 
Jersey State Medical Society and its presi- 
dent in 1876. His health becomino- iinpaire<l 
by overwork, he visited Europe for a few 
months. Returning somewhat benefited, lie 
I'esnmed the practice of medicine. He died 
July 25, 1882, while on a short sojourn at 
Atlantic City. He was a member of the 
First Presbyterian Church. Dr. Scheuck 
married Martha ^NIcLeod, daughter of Henry 
McKeen, of Philadelphia. He left a widow 
and two daughters, one of whom is the wife 
of Major Franklin C. Woolman, of Camden. 

Dr. Peter Voorhees Schenck was a 
younger brother of Dr. J. V. Schenck and 
was born May 23,18-38. He was a student 
at Princeton College, but retired in conse- 
quence of impaired health. Upon his recov- 
ery he matriculated in medicine at the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania, from which he 
graduated in 1860. He began the practice 
of his profession in West PJiiladelphia, but 
upon the breaking out of the Civil War, in 
1861, he entered the regular army and 
served until the close of the war, when he 
resigned. In 1867 he joined his brother in 
Camden and was admitted a member of both 
of the medical societies. In the succeeding 
year he removed to St. Louis, Mo., and en- 
gaged in the practice of medicine. He was 
at one time the health officer of St. Louis 
and pliysician-in-chief of the female depart- 
ment of the City Hospital. He married Rutli 
Anna, daughter of John and Ruth Anna 
McCune, of St. Louis. He died March 12, 
1885, leaving a widow and four children. 

Thomas F. Cullen was one of the few 
members of the Camden County Medical So- 
ciety who passed an examination before its 
board of censors, receiving his license June 
18, 1850. He was elected a member of the 
society in the following December. He was 
the son of Captain Thomas Culleu, of tlie 



Philadelphia merchant marine, and was born 
in that city September 3, 1822. He received 
his scholastic education in Mount Holly, N. 
J., to which place his parents had removed. 
Dr. Cullen studied medicine with Dr. Heber 
Chase, a surgeon of Piiiladelphia,and gradu- 
ated at the University of Pennsylvania in 
1844. His first field of practice was in New- 
ark, Delaware, but in 1849 he removed to 
Camden. Here his great natural abilities and 
careful training brought him prominently 
forward, especially as a surgeon, in which 
branch of the profession he became so skilled 
and successful that for the first time in its 
history Camden became independent of its 
neighbor across the Delaware for the per- 
formance of a capital surgical operation. He 
was an active member of the medical socie- 
ties, serving as president ofthe city and county 
societies, and of the State society in 1869. 
M'liile a member ofthe former two, no com- 
mittee was complete without him. He was 
one of tlie corporators of the Camden Dis- 
pensary and Cooper Hospital. Ofthe former, 
he was two years its president, and a director 
of the latter until his death. He died No- 
vember 21, 1877. He left no issue. 

Jacob GiUGft is of English descent. His 
grandfather, Rev. Jacob Grigg, was a Baptist 
missionary, sent from England to Sierra 
Leone, Africa, but his health tailing, he sailed 
for America. His son. Dr. John R. Grigg, 
the father of Dr. Jacob Cirigg, practiced med- 
icine at White Marsh, Pennsylvania, where 
the latter was born, June 23, 1821. He read 
medicine with his father, and received his 
diploma from the University of Penn.sylva- 
nia in 1843. In the same year he married 
Mary, daughter of John Bruner, of Mont- 
gomery County, in that State, in the mean- 
while practicing medicine in conjunction with 
his father. In 1 844 Dr. Jacob Grigg removed 
to Bucks County, and from thence, in 1849, 
to Blackwood, in Camden County, New Jer- 
sey. On June 18, 1849, the board of censors 
of the Camden County Medical Society re- 



278 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



ported that Dr. Grigg had passed a successful 
examiuation and had received a license to 
practice in the State. At the semi-annual 
meeting of the society, held December 19th 
of that year, he was elected a member. He 
was burned out in 1852 and removed to 
Pennsylvania, at which time his name was 
dropped froiu the roll of the society. Re- 
turuing in a few months to Camden County, 
he remained until 1857, when he left this 
county and settled in the adjoining one 
of Burlington. His present residence is Mt. 
Holly. 

Robert M. Smallwood belouged to an 
old Gloucester County family. He was the 
son of John C. and Mary Smallwood, of 
Woodbury, and was born August 20, 1827. 
Adopting the profession of medicine, he en- 
tered the University of Pennsylvania, where 
he graduated in 1849. He at once located in 
Chews Landing and continued i n practice there 
for two years. He joined the Camden County 
Medical Society June 19, 1849. In the 
year 1851 he entered the United StatesNavy, 
and iu 1852 was assigned to duty u})on the 
ship " I.ievant" and sailed for the Mediterra- 
nean. While upon this cruise his health 
failed him, and returning home, he died of 
phthisis, February 8, 1856. He married Mrs. 
Mary A. F. Gest in 1850, and had four 
children. 

John I. Jessup. — At a meeting of tiie 
Camden County Medical Society held at 
Camden, June 19, 1849, the society adjourned 
for a few hours to give the " board of censors 
an opportunity to examine candidates for a 
license to practice medicine in the State." At 
half-past two o'clock Dr. Isaac S. Mulford, 
j)resident of the board, reported tiuit after a 
satisfactory examination they had granted 
licenses to " Dr. Theodore H. Varick, of 
Hudson County ; Dr. John I. Jessuj), of At- 
lantic County ; and Dr. John W. Snowden, 
of Camden County." At the semi-annual 
meeting, held on December IStli, nf tliis 
year, Dr. Jessup was elected a member of tlie 



society. He was a grandsonofJosiah Albert- 
son, who kept the old hotel in Blue Anchor 
from 1812 until the Camden and Atlantic 
Railroad was built, in 1852. 

Dr. Jessup graduated at the Jefferson Med- 
ical College iu 1848, and seems to have prac- 
ticed for a short time in Camden County. 
Soon after joining its society he removed to 
Somers Point, in Atlantic County. In 1852 
he became prostrated by phthisis, which 
caused him to return to Blue Anchor, where 
he soon afterwards died.^ 

Sylvester Birpsei.l's parentage was of 
Pennsylvania origin. His father, James 
Birdsell, married Mary Pyle, both of Ches- 
ter County, in that State. Their son Syl- 
vester was, however, born in Baltimore, Md., 
August 21, 1824. He was of a studious 
turn of mind, and taught school while at- 
tending medical lectures at the Jefferson 
Medical College, from which he graduated 
in 1848. Dr. Birdsell commenced the prac- 
tice of medicine at Point Pleasant, Bucks 
County, Pa. In 1850 he moved to what was 
then known as South Camden, N. J., where 
he opened a drug store and began practicing 
medicine. In the same year he joined the 
County Medical Society, becoming its pi'esi- 
dent in 1858. He was one of the organizers 
of the city society. His knowledge and 
ability secured for him a professorship in the 
"Woman's Medical College " of Philadel- 
phia, a position he held for some time. Dr. 
Birdsell married Jane B. Laird, whose death 
preceded by several years his own, which oc- 
curred ]\Iay 29, 1883. He was buried in 
Evergreen Cemetery. He left two daugh- 
ters and one son, Rudolph W. Birdsell, wiio 
for a long time has been connected with the 
Camden Fii-e Insurance Association. 

WiLLiAJr G. TuoirAs was born in Phila- 
delphia, January Kj, 1826. He was the son 
of SteiJien and Sallie Thomas. He com- 
menced the study of medicine in Columbia, 

' Somers' " Medical History of Atlantic County.'' 



A HISTORY OP MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 



279 



Tjiincaster County, Pa., under Dr. Filbert, of 
that place, and attended medical lectures at 
tlie Pennsylvania Medical College, in Phila- 
delphia, from which he graduated in 1854. 
Although the law did not then require it, he 
passed an examination before the board of 
censors of the New Jersey State Medical 
Society, at Trenton, on May 14, 1854, and 
then began the practice of medicine in Cam- 
den. He became a member of the Camden 
County Medical Society in 1857. He had 
joined the city society upon his locarion in 
Camden and had taken an active interest in its 
proceedings. Dr. Thomas died of dysen- 
tery August 17, 1858. He had a hard' strug- 
gle during his short professional career in 
Camden and after his death the city society 
paid his funeral expenses. He married, 
February 7, 1854, Margaret Cramsie, of Phil- 
adelphia, and left one child. 

The three following physicians all practiced 
in Blackwood, but none of them were ever 
connected with either the Camden County 
or City Medical Societies. Dr. AViLLiA>t 
Holmes located there between 1845 and 
1847. Although he is said to have graduated 
at the University of Pennsylvania, his name 
is not in the list of graduates of that institution. 
He removed to Greenwich, N. J. Dr. F. 
RiDGELEY Graham was a physician in the 
same town between 1850 and 1858. He was 
a native of Chillicothe, O., M'here he began 
the study of medicine, completing hiseducation 
at the Jefferson Medical College, from which 
he graduated in 1850. He removed to Ches- 
ter, Pa. The third one was Dr. Alex- 
ander J. McKelway, son of Dr. John 
McKelway, of Trenton, N. J., who was born 
in Scotland December 6, 1813. He graduat- 
ed at the Jefferson Medical College in 1834. 
Between the years 1858 and 1861 he pursued 
his profession in Blackwood. On September 
14th of the latter year he entered the volun- 
teer service as surgeon of the Eighth New 
Jersey Regiment and continued with it until 
April 7, 1864, when lie resigned. He died 



at Williamstown, Gloucester County, N. J., 
November 8, 1885. 

Within the same decade Dr. Jesse S. Zane 
Sellers, son of Jesse and Rebecca Sellers, of 
Philadelphia, opened an office in Camden. 
He had received his medical education at the 
University of Pennsylvania, from which 
institution he graduated in 1852. He Ik'- 
came a member of the Camden City jMedical 
Society in September, 1854, and faithfully 
served through the cholera epidemic of that 
autumn. Soon afterward he removed to 
Minnesota and engaged iu mining. He lived 
only a few years after his removal to the 
West. 

Napoleon Bonaparte Jennings was 
twenty-eight years a member of the Camden 
County Medical Society and was its president 
in 1861. He died of phthisis at Haddon- 
field, April 17, 1885. Tiie doctor was the 
sou of Stacy and Sarah Jennings, and was 
born at Manahawkin, N. J., April 22, 1831. 
He was educated at the Woodstock Academy, 
Connecticut, and then entered the office of 
Dr. Budd, of Medford, N. J., to pursue the 
study of medicine, and graduated at the Jef- 
ferson Medical College, of Philadelphia, in 
1856. He immediately entered upon the 
practice of medicine in Haddonfield, where 
he soon gained the confidence of the com- 
munity by his professional attainments and 
his excellent social qualities. He was pos- 
sessed of a singularly genial nature, which 
overflowed in kindness to all and gained for 
him the universal good will of the communi- 
ty in which he lived and practiced for nearly 
thirty years, and attained for him one of the 
largest practices ever secured by a physician 
in West Jersey. 

He married Mary, daughter of Joshua P. 
and Amelia Browning, of Haddonfield, who 
survives him with a family of seven children. 
He was a consistent member of the Protest- 
ant Episcopal Church. 

Henry Ackley virtually belonged to 
Camden, although born in Philadelphia, Jan- 



280 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



iiarv 2!>, 1837. Hi.s graiidtather, Thomas 
Ackley, as early as 1800, kept the old store 
at the foot of Federal Street, which was 
demolished a few years ago. His mother, nee 
Barclay, the Mndow of Lieutenant-Comman- 
der McC'auley, United States Navy, married 
Thomas Ackley, cashier of the State Bank 
at Camden. Dr. Ackley received a liberal 
education, and studied medicine with Pro- 
fessors E. Wallace and William Keating, of 
Philadelphia, and graduated at the Jefferson 
Medical College in 1858. He began prac- 
tice in Camden and joined the county and 
city societies, and was secretary of the former 
iu 1859 and 1860. At the commencement 
of the Civil War he entered the United States 
Navy, as surgeon, on July 20, 1861, and 
was assigned to duty in the Philadelphia 
Navy-Yard. Towards the close of the year 
he was ordered to the United States ship 
" Wissahickon," of the East Gulf Blockad- 
ing Squadron, and served under Admiral 
Porter in the capture of New Orleans and 
in the campaign against Vicksburg. In 
1863 he was transferred to the fiag-sliip 
" San Jacinto," and was acting surgeon-in- 
chief of the squadron. While on this vessel 
lie was attacked with yellow fever, which so 
impaired his naturally feeble constitution 
that he was ordered to the United States 
receiving ship " Vermont," at New York, 
in 1864. He died in Camden, of phthisis, 
December 1, 1865. The year previous he 
married Sallie, daughter of Hon. Richard 
Wilkins, of Camden. He left one son, who 
died in infancy. 

William S. Bishop, surgeon of the 
United States Navy, an honorary member of 
the Camden County Medical Society, died De- 
cember 28, 1868. Dr. Bishop was connected 
with tlie navy from an early period of his 
professional life. He had seen service in 
most parts of the globe. Several years ago, 
while on duty with the squadron on the 
coast of Africa, he suffered from a severe at- 
tack of coast fever, from tlie effects of wiiich 



he never entirely recovered. He was pro 
nounced by a medical commission unfit for 
further sea service, but was employed on 
shoi'C duty at the various naval stations. At 
the breaking out of the Rebellion Dr. Bishop 
was on duty at the navy-yard at Pensacola, 
Fla., where, in common with the other naval 
officers, he was obliged to give his jjarole not 
to engage in service against the Confederacy 
before he was permitted to return North. 
When not employed in service, he resided in 
Camden for a number of years previous to 
his death. Shortly after his return to the 
latter place he was ordered to the navy-yard 
at Mare Island, in California, where he re- 
mained during the whole period of the war. 
He came home much impaired in health, but 
was employed again on naval medical com- 
missions of great x'esponsibility ; he was 
finally ordered to the United States Naval 
Asylum, at Philadelphia, as chief surgeon, at 
which post he died on December 28, 18G8, of 
a complication of diseases, ending in general 
dropsy.' Dr. Bishop was a member of the 
Camden City Society as well as the County 
Society. 

Thomas J. Smith became a member of 
the Camden County Medical Society on June 
18, 1867. He was born iu Salem, N. J., 
April 21, 1841, and is the son of Peter and 
Elizabeth Smith. He was educated at 
Williams College, Massachusetts, graduating 
in 1862. He attended medical lectures in the 
University of Pennsylvania, and received his 
degree of M.D. in March, 1866. He began 
the practice of medicine in Camden. He 
joined the Camden City Medical Society in 
March, 1867, and became its secretary the 
same year, continuing in office until his re- 
moval to Bridgeton, early in the year 1868. 
Dr. Smith is a member of the New Jersey 
State Medical Society and is chairman of its 
standing committee. He married, March 28, 
1871, iNIary L., daughter of Rev. f^lisha V. 

'Transactions of New Jersey State Medical Society, 
1869. 



A HISTORY OF :\IEr)ICIx\E xVND MEDICAL MEN. 



281 



and Matilda B. Glover, of Haddoufiyld. Dr. 
Smith is a promiuent practitioner in Bridge- 
ton. 

Joseph W. McCullough fell a victim 
to the severest epidemic of typhus fever that 
ever attacked the almshouse in Blackwood, 
Camden County, literally dying at his jjost 
of duty, of that disease, March 15, 1881, 
after a service of nine years as attending 
physician at that institution. He was the 
son of Andrew and Eunice McCullough, and 
was born in Wilmington, Del., August 12, 
1837. He studied medicine with Dr. Chand- 
ler, of that city, and graduated at the Jeffer- 
son ]\Iedical College in 1860. When the 
Civil War bi-oke out, in 1861, he was one of 
the first to offer his services to the govern- 
ment, and was appointed surgeon of the First 
Delaware Regiment. After the close of the 
war he joined the regular army, and was 
sent to New Orleans, and thence to Alabama. 
In consequence of impaired health he resign- 
ed, and in 1866 located as a practitioner of 
medicine at Blackwood. In 1880 lie and Dr. 
Branniu, his co-laborer, were appointed phy- 
sicians to the County Insane Asylum. Dr. 
McCullough joined the Camden County 
Medical Society in 1871. He married, 
March 9, 1876, Sarah E., only daughter of 
Richard C. Stevenson, of Blackwood. His 
widow and two children survive him. 

Charles F. Clarke practiced medicine 
for over forty years in Gloucester County. 
He retired in 1868 and moved to Camden, 
becoming an honorary member of the City 
Society in 1869 and continuiug his connec- 
tion with it until his death, in 1875. He was 
born near Paulsboro', Gloucester County, 
N. J., August 12, 1800. He was educated 
at Woodbury and at Burlington, and then 
entered the counting-room of Mr. Hollings- 
head, in Philadelphia. In the year 1820, 
being in poor health, he went as supercargo 
to the West Indies : returning, he commenced 
the study of medicine and graduated at the 
University of Pennsylvania in 1823. In 



connection with his cousiu, Dr. John Y. 
Clarke, of Philadelphia, he opened a drug 
store at the corner of Fifth and Race Streets, 
in that city. This he soon abandoned, and 
then began the practice of medicine in 
Clarksboro', Gloucester County, N. J., thence 
he went to Paulsboro', and in 1835 to Wood- 
bury, in the same county, where he lived for 
thirty-two years and attended to the largest 
practice iu that section of the county. Dr. 
Clarke accumulated a considerable fortune. 
One of his daughters, Eva C, married Dr. 
Randall W. Moi'gan. His son, Dr. Henry 
C. Clarke, succeeded to his father's practice 
and is one of the leading physicians in 
Gloucester County. 

Randal W. Morgan was born near 
Black wood town, Camden County, June 5, 
1848, and was a son of Randal E. and Mary 
('\\' illard) Morgan. He attended the West 
Jersey Academy, at Bridgeton, and later the 
University of Lewisburgh, Pa. In 1864 he 
was appointed midshipman at the Naval 
Academy at Annapolis, which position he 
was obliged to resign because of an attack of 
typhoid fever, from which he never fully re- 
covered. Shortly afterward he commenced 
his medical studies under Dr. Brannin, of 
Blackwoodtown, continuing them at the 
University of Penu.sylvania, and graduating 
frona that institution in 1870. Two years 
later he took the degree of Doctor of Phil- 
osophy. In 1877 he was elected county 
physician, an office he held for five years. 
During the small-pox epidemic, in 1872, he 
had charge of the small-pox hospital, and 
labored unselfishly among the victims of that 
disea.se. In 1881, much broken iu health, 
he sailed for Europe, and was much benefited 
by his sojourn there ; but upon returning to 
practice soon succumbed again to ill health, 
and in August, 1883, was obliged to re- 
linquish the duties of his profession. He 
sailed again for Europe in 1884, intending, 
while there, to visit some of the hospitals in 
the cholera-infested portions of France and 



282 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Italy, but, owing to aggravation of his mala- 
dies, abandoned the project, and sailing for 
home, died when three days out from Liver- 
pool, October 20, 1884. 

Dr. Morgan was a vevy active man, dili- 
gent in the practice of his profession, 
studious and quite siiCL^e.ssful. Speaking of his 
.skillful management of the sinall-pox hos- 
pital, heretofore alluded to, Dr. R. M. 
Cooper, in his report to the New Jersey State 
Medical Society, said : " We have obtained 
(from Dr. Morgan) some valuable .statistics 
in regard to the disease and its mode of 
treatment ; and it is but just to him to state 
tiiat the ratio of mortality of the cases under 
his care compare very favorably with other 
small-pox hospitals." 

He carried on for several years a drug- 
store, and was a member of both the Camden 
County and Camden City Medical Societies. 

He was married January 15, 1876, to Eva, 
daughter of Dr. Charles F. Clarke, late of 
Camden, who survives him. 

James A. Armstrong was bora in Phila- 
delphia, June 12, 1835, and was the son of 
James and Mary Armstrong. He was edu- 
cated in the public schools, and graduated 
from the Philadelphia High School. He 
engaged in the drug business and obtained a 
diploma from the Philadelphia College of 
Pharmacy in 1855, and then purchased a 
drug store at the corner of Fourth and 
Thompson Streets, in his native city. Subse- 
quently he studied medicine, graduating from 
the University of Peun.sylvania in 1861. In 
September of the latter year Dr. Armstrong 
was appointed assistant surgeon in a Penn- 
sylvania regiment, and was assigned to the 
Army of the Potomac, in Virginia. After 
three years of military duty in the field he 
returned home, and was attached to the 
Satterlee Hospital until the close of the war. 
He then removed to Camden, and purchased 
a drug store on Federal Street, above Third, 
which he afterwards moved to Market, above 
the .same street. In a few years he relin- 



quished the drug busine.ss, began the practice 
of medicine and joined the Camden County 
Medical Society in 1876. He was surgical 
examiner for pensions in Camden since the 
clos(! of the war, and when the United States 
Board of Pensions was established in that 
city, in 1884, he was appointed one of its 
three members. In 1871 he was coroner of 
Camden City. Dr. Armstrong was an elder 
in the Presbyterian Church. He died of 
apoplexy on October 30, 1885, leaving a 
widow and three daughters. 

J. Newton Achuff was a native of 
Germautown, Pa. He commenced his medi- 
cal education with Dr. Lemuel J. Deal, of 
Philadelphia, and completed it at the Jeffer- 
st)n Medical College, graduating in 1867. 
He at once commenced the practice of his 
profession in South Camden, and in the same 
year (1867) joined both the Camden City and 
County Societies. He was at once appointed 
a visiting physician of the Camden City Dis- 
pensary. In the year 1869 he left Camden 
and entered the service of the government as 
a contract surgeon, and was assigned to duty 
in Alaska, and subsequently in California, in 
which State he died about 1872. 

jA.NtES H. Wroth is the .son of the late 
James W. Wroth, of Camden, whose widow 
and her family have removed from the city. 
Dr. Wroth obtained his medical education at 
the University of Pennsylvania, where he 
graduated in 1878. He commenced the 
practice of medicine in Camden, and in 
1879 attached himself to both the Camden 
City and County Societies. While an interne 
of the Camden City Dispen.sary the small- 
pox epidemic of 1880 occurred in that city, 
during which Dr. Wroth distinguished him- 
self by his attendance upon the sick (poor) 
with that disease. He is now a resident of 
New Mexico. 

Isaac B. Mulford belonged to an old 
and influential family in South Jersey. He 
was born in Millville, N. J., in 1843. He 
was educated at the West Jersey Academy, 



A HISTORY. OF MEDICINE AND BIEDICAL MEN. 



283 



at Iji-itluetoii, at Monticello Seminary, New 
York, and at Princeton College, from which 
he graduated with honor in the class of 18(35. 
He studied medicine witii Dr. William Hunt, 
of Philadel])hia, and attended lectures at tiie 
University of Pennsylvania. His studies 
being interrupted by severe illness, he could 
not receive his degree of Doctor of iNIedicine 
until 1S71. He began the practice of medi- 
cine in Camden, and became a member of 
biith the Camden County and Camdeu City 
IMedical Societies, and was elected treasurer of 
the former in 1874, and president in 1881. 
For several years prior to his death he was 
surgeon of the Sixth Regiment National 
Guards of New Jersey. He was also phy- 
sician of the West Jersey Orphanage, a meni- 
bei- of the New Jersey Sanitary Association 
and the Camden jNIicroscopical Society.' 
Dr. Mulford and the Rev. Joseph F. Garri- 
.sou, honorary member of the Camden County 
Society, were the only resident physicians in 
the county who were ever graduates of the 
College of New Jersey. Dr. Mulford died 
in Camden, November 21, 1882. He left a 
fine lil)rary of medical works to the Camden 
City Dispensary. 

WiLLiA.M G. Taylor, a former mem- 
ber of the Camden City Medical Society, 
was the son of Dr. R. G. and Eleonora Tay- 
lor, of Camden. He was born in Philadel- 
])hia, July 20, 1851, and was educated in the 
public schools in Camden. At the age of 
seventeen he entered the drug-store of Jo- 
seph Riley and attended two courses of lec- 
tures at the Philadelphia College of Phar- 
macy. He then commenced the study of 
medicine and graduated at the Jefferson 
^ledieal College in 1873. For a short time 
he was one of the visiting physicians for the 
Dispen,sary, but he had been preparing for 
the work of a missionary under the auspices 
of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- 
sions. On June 11, 1873, he sailed from 

1 Transactions New Jersey State Medical Society, 
1883. 



New York for Africa. His .-station was Ga- 
boon, on the west coast, and his duty was to 
visit monthly, or oftener if called ujion, the 
stations between it and Benita, a point one 
hundred miles north. The mode of travel- 
ling was by sea in an open boat, five and 
one-half feet wide by twenty-six feet long. 
This exposed life and rei)eated attacks of Af- 
rican fever broke down his health, and after 
two years' labor there he returned home, and 
died April 8, 1877. He was buried in Ever- 
green Cemetery. 

LIVING PHY.SICIAXS. 

[T/ie remainder of the Medical Chapter was prepared 
by the Publishers.] 

John W. Snowden is the oldest living 
member of the Camden County Medical 
Society in continuous attendance, having 
joined it in 1849. He is a native of Phila- 
deljihia, and graduated in the Medical De- 
partment of the University of Pennsylvania 
in April, 1844. His health being precarious, 
he selected the " Pines " of New Jersey as 
his field of practice, and located near Water- 
ford, in Camden County, in May, 1846. He 
was one of the few physicians who passed an 
examination before the board of censors of the 
Camden County Medical Society for a license 
to practice medicine in New Jersey. In 1855 
he was elected president of this society, and 
in the year 1878 he M'as appointed to be its 
reporter and chairman of its mo.st important 
committee, the " Standing Committee," a 
position he still holds. He is a member of 
the New Jersey State Medical Society, and 
was its president in 1882-83. His residence 
was at Ancora, between Waterford and Win- 
slow, until 1884, when he removed to Ham- 
montou, a rapidly-growing town, six miles 
distant, and just beyond the boundary line 
between Camden and Atlantic Counties. 
During a practice of forty years he has seen 
his section of the State emerge from a wilder- 
ness into a series of towns, containing an in- 
telligent, thrifty and progressive people. 



284 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



James M. Ridge, now one of the leading; 
pliysicians and surgeons of West Jersey, is a 
son of Moses and Sarah (McFarlaud) 
Ridge, and was horn in Tinicum township, 
Buciis County, Pa., October 6, 1826. His 
father was an intelligent and prosperous 
farmer, under whose watchful care as an in- 
structor the rudimentary education of the 
sou was obtained. The grandmother of Dr. 
Ridge, on his father's side, was a daughter of 
Edward Marshall, a lineal descendant of 
a family prominent in the annals of Penn- 
sylvania His father died in the year 
1860, and his mother several years earlier. 
In 1847, after receiving a ^preparatory in- 
tellectual training at homo and in the schools 
of his uative township, he entered a boarding- 
school taught by Solomon Wright, at Bridge- 
ton, Pa., and in 1849 Dr. Ridge became the 
teacher of the school. In the fall of the same 
year he determined to take up the study 
of medicine, and thereupon entered the office 
of Dr. William S. Hendrie, of Doylestown, 
Pa., as a student, and remained in this re- 
lation until his graduation from the Medical 
Department of the University of Pennsyl- 
vania, April 2, 1852. Upon receiving 
his degree and diploma he began the prac- 
tice of medicine in his native township, 
continuing there until the year 1856, when 
he removed to Camden, in which city he has 
gained an enviable reputation as a surgeon, and 
a successful practitioner of medicine. He is 
well versed in the science and literature of his 
chosen profession. Dr. Ridge has been promi- 
nently identified with various medical societies, 
and has always taken an active part in the 
discussions of topics at their deliberations. 
In 1876 he represented the First Congressional 
District of New Jersey in the International 
Medical Congress, which met in Philadelphia, 
and took an active part in its discussions. He 
Was a member of the Bucks County Medi- 
cal Society, the Pathological Society of Phila- 
delphia and the Camden County Medical 
Society, and has served as president of the last- 



named society at various times. As a mem- 
ber of the State Board of Health he served 
two years, and then resigned in order to give 
more direct attention to his practice at 
home. 

In politics Dr. Ridge was a Whig during 
the days of that party, and since has been 
identified with the Democratic party. He 
served as a member of the City School Board 
for a period of sixteen years, in which position 
he always showed an active interest in the 
cause of education. Since 1885 he has served 
as president of the County Board of Ex- 
amining Surgeons for Pensions. The doctor 
is a constant reader, not only of works pertain- 
ing to his own profession, but of general 
literature. He has devoted much of his 
leisure time to the study of the classics and 
the most abstruse questions of philosophy 
and the physicial sciences. 

In 1850 Dr. Ridge was married to Saraii, 
daughter of William B. Warford, by whom 
he has had three children. Josephine, the 
eldest, is married to A. G. Wilson, of Brook- 
lyn, N. Y., and son of a British officer of 
rank. They have one child, William. Moses 
M. Ridge, the only son of the doctor, resides 
in Chester County, Pa; He is married to 
Rebecca Chew, of New Jersey, and has two 
children, — Lucretia and Edna. William 
Ridge, the youngest son, died at the age of 
three years. 

Daniel M. Stout was born in Cicrman- 
town Pa., November 4, 1826 ; studied medi- 
cine under the instruction of Dr. Charles D. 
Hendry ; in 1844 he matriculated at Jeffer- 
son Medical College, from which he obtained 
the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1847, 
after which he began practice at Berlin and 
in its vicinity, and still continues, being the 
oldest practitioner in that region. 

Richard Craxe Deax was born at Har- 
risburg. Pa., May 26, 1836. His father. 
Dr. Alexander T. Dean, was a leading phy- 
sician in that town. Dr. R. C. Dean receiv- 
ed his education in the preparatory schools 




;^^ 





^^^ <e ^^ ^/^Z^^^(^ 



A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 



285 



of his native place and then entered Yale 
College, from which institution he graduated 
and received his degree of A.M. He then 
attended lectures at the Jefferson Medical 
College and received from it his diploma in 
1854. He located in Camden and practiced 
his professiou until 1856, when heenteredthe 
United States Navy as assistant surgeon. 
He had joined both the Camden County 
and City Medical Societies and was secretary 
of the former in 1855. After his appoint- 
ment as a naval surgeon he was made an hon- 
orary member of them. 

Dr. Dean was rapidly promoted in the 
medical corps of the navy. Six years after 
his entrance into it he was appointed past 
assistant surgeon, and in 1862 he was commis- 
.sioned surgeon. He served during the Civil 
^\'ar as surgeon and fleet surgeon of the At- 
lantic and other squadrons of the navy. lu 
1883 he was made a medical director, a posi- 
tion he now holds. He is at present on duty 
at the Naval College at Newport, R. I., as 
professor of hygiene, and is also a member of 
the Naval Examining Board at Washington, 

D. C. In 1856 he married Anna, daughter 
of Dr. Isaac S. Mulford, of Camden. 

Henry E. Branin was born January 
8, 1836, and obtained his general education 
at the West Jersey Collegiate School at 
Mount Holly, N. J., and at the New York 
Conference Seminary, located at Charlottes- 
ville, N. Y. He read medicine with Dr. A. 

E. Budd, of Medford, N. J., commencing in 
1855, and graduated from the Jefferson Med- 
ical College, Philadelphia, in the year 1.S58. 
He began practice in the spring of that year 
at Blackwood and has remained there ever 
since. 

Dr. Branin became a member of the 
Camden County and the New Jersey State 
Medical Societies in 1860 and was elected 
president of the former in 1862. In the 
year 1879 he was appointed attending physi- 
cian in charge of the Camden County Insane 
Asylum and Almsht)use, a position he still 
34 



retains. In 1881 a severe epidemic of ty- 
phus fever broke out in the Almshouse, dur- 
ing the continuance of which Dr. Branin 
displayed .so much courage, intrepidity and 
professional skill, that the Camden County 
Medical Society pas.sed a series of resolutions 
of approval of his .services, which were 
hand.somely engro.ssed and presented to him. 

Hexry Genet Taylor was born July 
6, 1837, at Charmanto, Rensselaer County, 
near Troy, N. Y., at the residence of his 
uncle, General Henry James Genet, the eld- 
est son of " Citizen Genet," the first ambas- 
sador of France to the United States, and 
who married the daughter of Governor 
George Clinton, of New York. The biog- 
raphy of Dr. H. Genet Taylor's father. Dr. 
Othniel H. Taylor, has been given previous- 
ly. His mother, Evelina C. Burrough, be- 
longed to an old Gloucester (now Camden) 
County family, whose ancestors came from 
England to Long Island and from thence to 
West Jersey as early as 1693. After her 
husband, Dr. O. H. Taylor, had located in 
Camden, in 1844, Mrs. Taylor, by her pol- 
ished manners, refined hospitality and Chris- 
tian virtues, contributed much to favorably 
mould for good the character of the cosmo- 
politan population that were rapidly devel- 
oping the town into a citj'. 

Dr. Taylor, after attending preliminary 
schools, completed his education at the Prot- 
estant Episcopal Academy in Philadelphia, 
and commenced the study of medicine under 
his father. He attended medical lectures at 
the University of Pennsylvania, from which 
in.stitution he graduated in 1860. He joined 
the Camden County Medical Society in the 
same year and in 1861 he was elected its sec- 
retary, an office he still continues to hold, 
temporarily vacating it in 1865 to become 
president of the society. 

Upon the outbreak of the Civil War he 
joined the army and was commissioned Sep- 
tember 14, 1861, assistant surgeon of the 
Eighth Regiment of New Jersey Volunteers, 



286 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



which was assigned to the Army of tlie Po- 
toraac. During the Peninsular campaign he 
was the only medical officer in his regiment 
on field duty. After the battle of Second 
Bull RuD he remained for ten days within 
the Confederate lines and brought his wound- 
ed safely into Washington. Subsequent to 
the battle of Antietam he was detailed to the 
artillery brigade of the Third Corps and 
held the position of brigade-surgeon of the 
artillery on the staffs respectively of Major- 
Generals Hooker, French and Sickles, and 
continued to fill this position until March 15, 
1864, when he resigned in consequence of 
the serious illness of his father. While in 
the army he was present at and rendered 
professional services in twenty five battles 
and minor engagements. 

Upon his return home, Dr. Taylor re- 
sumed the practice of medicine in Camden. 
The first draft in Camden under the Con- 
scription Act was ordered in June, 1864, and 
Dr. Taylor was appointed assistant surgeon, 
of the Board of Enrollment of the First Con- 
gressional District of New Jersey, to assist 
in examining recruits and drafted men for 
the army. This office he held until the close 
of the war, in 1865. 

When the National Guard of New Jersey 
was organized, the headquarters of the Sixth 
Regiment was assigned to Camden; and in 
the year 1869, Dr. Taylor was commissioned 
surgeon of that regiment, a position he filled 
until June, 1882, when he resigned. In the 
year 1877 occurred the riots caused by the 
strike of the railroad employes, when part 
of the National Guard of New Jersey were 
ordered to Phillipsburg, N. J., to protect the 
property there ; Dr. Taylor was then appoint- 
ed surgeon of the Provisional Brigade, upon 
the staff of Major-General William J. Sew- 
ell, commanding the brigade. 

Dr. Taylor is a member of the Camden 
County and City Medical Societies. He 
was one of the corporators of the Camden 
City Dispensary and has been its secretary 



since 1874. He is a member of the New 
Jersey State Medical Society and is its sec- 
ond vice-president. He is also a member of 
the American Medical Association, Pennsyl- 
vania Historical Society. New Jersey Sani- 
tary Society and New Jersey Academy of 
Medicine. He was president of the Board 
of Pension Examining Surgeons, established 
in Camden in 1884, and continued so until 
a change in administration caused its reor- 
ganization. He is physician-in-chief of the 
Camden Home for Friendless Children. 
Dr. Taylor married, on October 23, 1879, 
Helen, daughter of Alexander and Hannah 
C. Cooper, of Haddonfield, and granddaugh- 
ter of the late Captain James B. Cooper, 
United States Navy. 

J. Gilbert Young, son of the late Rev. 
Robert F. Young, of Haddonfield, was born 
at Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia County, 
Pa., June 21, 1840. He was educated 
principally in the schools of his native 
city, graduating both at the Central High 
School and the University of Pennsylvania. 
In the former institution he was at the head 
of his class. He practiced medicine first 
at South Camden, then at Gloucester City, 
and subsequently at Haddonfield, where his 
family resided. In 1866 he moved to Phila- 
delphia, where he has since resided and prac- 
ticed. The doctor became a member of the 
Camden County Medical and New Jersey 
State Medical Societies in 1863, and still re- 
tains an honorary membership therein. He 
is also a member of the Philadelphia County 
Medical Society and of the American Acad- 
emy of Medicine. 

Alexander Marcy was born at Cape 
May, N. J., April 16, 18-38; studied medi- 
cine in 1858 with his father. Dr. S. S. 
Marcy, and entered the Medical Department 
of the University of Pennsylvania, from 
which he was graduated in March, 1861. 
He at once began to practice in Camden, 
where he has since continued in his profes- 
sion with great success. Of the physicians 





cr:^^ 



A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND ^lEDK'AL MEN. 



287 



in Camdeu in 1861, he and Dr. Ridge are 
the only ones now practicing in the city. 

Dr. Marcy became a lueniher of the Cam- 
den County Medical Society in 1864 and its 
president in 1866. He is also a member of 
the Camden City and State Medical Societies. 
He was one of the corporators of tiie City Dis- 
pensary and at present is president of its 
board of nianagei-s. 

Alexander M. Mecray was born at 
Cape May, N. J., October 3, 1839. He 
studied medicine with Dr. Alexander ^Nlarey, 
of Camden, and in 1861 entered the Medical 
Department of the University of Pennsylva- 
nia, from which he was graduated in March, 
1863. He began practice in Cape May 
Court-House, and in 1865 removed to Cam- 
den, where he has since continuously prac- 
ticed his profession. He first located in 
South Camden, but in a few years removed 
to his present residence in North Camden. 
In 1867 he became a member of the Camden 
County Medical Society, having previously 
joined the City Medical Society, and was 
elected president of the former in 1869 and 
its treasurer in 1883, a position he still liolds. 
He is also a member of tlie State [Medical 
Society. 

John II. Stevenson. — Cotemporary with 
the arrival in West Jersey of the early emi- 
grants from Europe, there was a migration of 
Friends of English descent from Long Island 
to the former. Among these settlers were 
the Stevensons, whose ancestor, Thomas Ste- 
venson, of London, England, had settled at 
Southold, L. I., as early as 1644. His 
grandchildren for the most part removed to 
West Jersey, the first one locating at Bur- 
lington in 1699. They became large land- 
owners, both in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. 
The unique circumstance that three of the 
grandsons, brothers, married three sisters, 
only children of Samuel Jenings, a man of 
distinction, and the first Governor of West 
Jersey, together with the fact that some of 
them became active in public aifairs, one of 



them being a member of the first General 
Assembly, has identified the name with the 
early history of the State. 

The connection of Dr. Stevenson's family 
with the history of Camden County began 
with his grandfather, Thomas Stevenson, who 
was born September 6, 1765, at Amwell, 
Hunterdon County, whose paternal grand- 
father had lived on the Jenings homestead, 
near Burlington (still in possession of the 
Stevensons) ; but, inheriting property in Hun- 
terdon County, had removed to Amwell. 
About 1790 Thomas Stevenson moved to 
Haddonfield, and some years subsequently 
purchased the farm and flour-mill property, 
between Haddonfield and Ellisburg, known 
as " Stevenson's Mill," recently purchased 
by the Haddonfield Electric Light and Water 
Company from which to supply Haddon- 
field with pure spring water. In 1795 Thomas 
Stevenson married Rebecca, daughter of 
Captain Joseph Thorne, who resided in Had- 
donfield, and had commanded the Second 
Battalion of Gloucester County Volunteers 
(Camden and Gloucester were then one) in 
the Army of the Revolution. Thomas Ste- 
venson died at " Stevenson's Mill " Decem- 
ber 2, 1852. 

Sumnei Stevenson, second son of Thomas, 
born April 20,1803, married, May 16, 1833, 
Anna, daughter of John Rudderow, of what 
is now the borough of Merchantville. The 
latter gentleman was not of full military age 
at the time of the Revolution, but he served 
in the home guards, organized to protect 
the county from the incursions of the British 
during their occupation of Philadelphia. 
Samuel Stevenson died at his residence in 
Haddonfield July 23, 1835, leaving two 
sons, one the subject of this sketch, and the 
other Thomas Stevenson, born May 12, 1835, 
who, on the outbreak of the Civil War, was 
a resident of Camden, and engaged in the 
wholesale drug business in Philadelphia. 
Relinquishing his business, he entered the 
army as second lieutenant in the Eighth New 



288 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Jersey Regiment. He served in the Army 
of the Potomac through tiie Peninsular cam- 
paign, and was engaged in the battles of 
Fredericksburg and Second Bull Run. He 
rose to the rank of captain, but was killed 
at the battle of Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863, 
and was buried on the field of battle. 

Dr. .John R. Stevenson was born February 
12, 1834. He and his brother Thomas were 
educated in Philadelphia, graduating from 
the High School. Both of them received 
from it the two degrees of Bachelor and 
" Master of Arts." John R. Stevenson, 
selecting the profession of medicine, entered 
the office of Dr. O. H. Tayloi-, of Camden, 
as a student, and graduated at the University 
of Pennsylvania in March, 1863. He imme- 
diately commenced the practice of medicine 
in Camden. 

Upon the passage of the " Conscription 
Act " by Congress, he was appointed by 
President Lincoln, May 2, 1863, surgeon of 
the Board of Enrollment of the First Congres- 
sional District of New Jersej^, then embracing 
the six counties of Camden, Atlantic, Glouces- 
ter, Salem, Cumberland and Cape May. This 
office he held until the close of the war, in 
1S65. Dr. Stevenson, while a practitioner 
in Camden, was a member of the Camden 
Cit}' Medical Society and was its secretary 
for two years, until his removal from the 
city, in 1867. He was one of the corporators 
of the Camden City Dispensary and ^\as its 
first secretary. In 1866 he was chairman of 
the Medical Sanitary Committee, which suc- 
cessfully resisted the last invasion of cholera 
into Camden. Subsequently, in consecpience 
of impaired health, he removed to Haddou- 
field, his present residence. 

Dr. Stevenson is a member of the Camden 
County Medical Society, New Jersey State 
Medical Society, New Jersey Historical Soci- 
ety and is a correspondent of the New York 
Genealogical and Biographical Society. He 
is a contributor to the publications of these 
societies, to the press and to some of the 



medical journals. He married Frances Strat- 
ton, daughter of Hon. Charles Reeves, who 
represented Camden and Gloucester Coun- 
ties for nine years in the New .Jersey Ijegis- 
lature. 

J. Orlando White was born in Atlan- 
tic County, N. J., May 4, 1847 ; studied 
medicine with Dr. Richard M. Cooper, of 
Camden, in 1864, and was the only student 
the doctor ever received in his office ; the 
next year he entered the Medical Department 
of the University of Pennsylvania, from 
which he graduated in March, 1868, since 
which time he has engaged in his profession 
in Camden. 

Dr. White joined the Camden County 
Medical Society in 1870, and was elected its 
president in the same year. He is also a mem- 
ber of the State Medical Society and of the 
Camden City Society. He was one of the 
visiting physicians for the City Dispensary 
during the earlier years of his practice in 
Camden. 

Henry A. M. Smith was born in Doyles- 
town. Pa., July 30, 1839, and received his 
academic education at private schools in his 
native county. He began the study of medi- 
cine with Dr. A. N. Cooper, of Bucks 
County, Pa., and graduated at the Jefferson 
Medical College, Philadelphia, in March, 
1864. 

Dr. Smith was in the United States service 
for thirteen months, as acting assistant sur- 
geon, connected with hospital duty, and in 
1865 removed to Gloucester, where he has 
since been actively engaged in practice. He 
is a member of the District Medical Society 
of the county of Camden. 

John R. Haney was born at Riegels- 
ville, Bucks County, Pa,, November 3, 1833. 
He was sent to school at Bath, Northampton 
County, and then to the Tuscarora Seminary, 
at Academia, Juniata County, leaving which, 
at seventeen years of age, he studied medi- 
cine with Dr. S. Rosenberger, of French- 
town, N. J., and entered Jefferson Medi- 



A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL :\IEN. 



289 



cal College, Philadelphia, attending one 
course, when he entered the Medical Depart- 
ment of the University of Pennsylvania, 
graduating in March, 1861. He practiced 
at Ervenna, Pa., until 1870, when he came 
to Camden. Dr. Haney has served as presi- 
dent of the Camden County Medical Society. 

DiLWYX P. Paxcoast was born at Mnl- 
lica Hill, N. J., March 11, 1836. He pur- 
sued his medical studies under Dr. Alfred 
Smith, of Yardleyville, one year, and enter- 
ed the Medical Department of the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania, from which he was 
graduated in March, 1859, having graduated 
iu pharmacy the year previous. He began 
his practice at Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, 
and, in 1863, entered into army service, 
from whioh he retired in December, 1865; 
])racticed in Philadelphia until 186'J, when 
he moved to Camden, and now practices his 
profession and also owns a drug-store. 

Wilson H. Ireland was born in Atlan- 
tic County July 27, 1845; studied medicine 
with Dr. E. B. Eichmond, of Millville, iu 
1863, and in 1864 became a student in the 
Medical Department of the University of 
Pennsylvania and was graduated in 1867, 
after which he practiced in Millville and Di- 
viding Creek, and in the fall of 1870 moved 
to Camden. 

He became connected with the Camden 
County and City Medical Societies in the 
same year, and at present he is president of 
the former. He is also a member of the 
State Medical Society. 

Edwin Tomlinson was born in Had- 
donfield, Camden County, N. J., on the 13tli 
of March, 1840. In 1858 he entered a drug- 
store in Wilmington, Del., as clerk, and, in 
1861, accepted the same position iu the store 
of H. C. Blair, of Philadelphia, graduating 
at the School of Pharmacy in 1863. After 
a brief interval in the West, he, in 1866, 
came to Gloucester and engaged in the drug 
business. He entered Jefferson Medical 
College in 1870, and received his diploma 



from that institution in 1S72. He is a mem- 
ber of the District Medical Society of the 
County of Camden, and has tilled the office 
of president of that body. 

Charles Hendry Shivers was born in 
Haddonfield April 5, 1848. He was edu- 
cated at the classical school of P)-ofessor AVil- 
liam Fewsmith, iu Philadelphia, and at the 
University of Lewisburgli, Pa. He was 
a student of medicine, under the iustruetion 
of Dr. N. B. Jennings aud Dr. L. J. Deal. 
In 1809 he entered Jefferson Medical Col- 
lege, from which he was graduated M.D. 
in March, 1872, and at once began to prac- 
tice in Haddonfield. In the succeeding year 
he joined the Camden JNIcdical Society, and 
was elected its president in 1880. He is also 
a member of the New Jersey State ]\Iedical 
Society. Dr. Shivers is an occasional writer 
for the papers and magazines, some of his 
poems having been published in them. He 
has an extensive practice in his section of 
country. 

Elijah B. Woolston belongs to an old 
Burlington County family. He is the son of 
Dr. Samuel and Ann Read Woolston, and 
was born at Vinceutowu, N. J., August 20, 
1833. His mother was a daughter of Sam- 
uel and Sylpha (.Irnold) Read, and her 
mother was a sister of the late David Lau- 
dreth's (David Laudreth, of Phila<lelpliia) 
mother. The doctor was educated at tlie 
academy iu Pottsville, Pa., studied medicine 
with his father, and graduated at the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania in 1854, from which 
institution the latter had received his med- 
ical degree in 1827. After he had assisted 
his father in his practice for two years in his 
native place, he moved to Iowa and settled just 
across the river from Omaha, Neb., aud was 
appointed by Governor Cummings, of the 
latter Territory, surgeon of a brigade of 
militia enlisted for service against the Indians. 
In 1859 he located at Marlton, New Jersey, 
and resumed his practice there. On Novem- 
ber 14, 1860, he was commissioned by Gov- 



290 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



enior < )l(1en surgeou of the " First Division 
Brigade " of New Jersey militia. Wlien the 
call for three mouths' troops was made by 
the President, iu 1861, he accompanied the 
First Brigade, as surgeon of the Fourth Reg- 
iment, to Virginia, and remained with it un- 
til the expiration of its term of service. In 
1862 he passed an examination before the 
Special United States Medical Examining 
Board in Philadelphia, and was assigned to 
the United States Hospital, in Beverly, X. J. 
Soon afterwards he was promoted to be its 
post-surgeon, a position he retained until the 
close of the war. 

He performed there successfulh- many dif- 
ficult operations in surgery, which won for 
him recognition as an unusually skillful man 
in his profession. That the patients under 
his care were dee])ly grateful to him for his 
attention and appreciated his many kind- 
nesses, as well as his professional ability, was 
attested by their presenting him with a very 
handsome case of instruments, which he 
highly ])rizes. 

In 1875 he removed to Delaware town- 
ship, Camden County, and in the same year 
joined its medical societ}', becoming its pres- 
ident in 1885. 

The doctor's activity is by no means con- 
fined to his profession. He has taken a 
great interest in the public schools, held the 
office of township superintendent for many 
years and since its abolishment has been a 
trustee of the Marlton public schools. In 
accordance with that public spirit which has 
ever characterized him, he was one of the 
originators and incorporators of the Phila- 
delphia, Marlton and Medford Railroad 
Com])any. 

Dr. Woolstou was united iu marriage, 
January 14, 1869, with Miss Rachael Ins- 
keep Haines, daughter of Joshua S. and 
Elizabeth Haines, a graduate of the Lewis- 
burgh (Pa.) Seminary. Two children were 
the offspring of this union, viz. : Mary E., 
who graduated in 1886 fi-om the Abbotsford 



Seminary, Philadelphia, Pa., and J. Preston 
Woolston. 

Edmund Ia B. Godfrey was born at 
Tuckahoe, Cape May County, N. J., Febru- 
ary 21, 1850, and was a son of Judge H. W. 
Godfrey. He took the degree of Ph.B. at 
the New Jersey Institute (Hightstown) in 
1872. Shortly afterwards he began to read 
medicine with Dr. E. L. B. Wales, of Cape 
May, and graduated as an M.D. from Jeffer- 
son Medical College in 1875. He served as 
house physician and house surgeon at the 
Presl)yterian Hospital, Philadelphia, and at 
the Rhode Island Hospital, at Providence. 
In 1876 he began the practice of his profes- 
sion in Camden and has followed it uninter- 
ruptedly since. He is .surgeon of the Cam- 
den and Atlantic Railroad and of the Sixth 
Regiment National Guards, a member of the 
Board of Charities and of the Camden Dis- 
pensar}' Board, vice-president of the New 
Jersey Sanitary Association, a member of the 
State Medical Society and of the City and 
County Medical Societies, also of the Amer- 
ican Medical Association and of the Inter- 
national Congress (section of hygiene). He 
has published a number of valuable articles 
on the science of medicine, among which is 
the " Discovery of Vaccination by Dr. Jeu- 
ner." 

Thomas G. Rowand was born at Car- 
penters Landing (now Mantua), N. J., April 
27, 1829. He began the study of medicine 
with Pi'ofessor J. McClintock, and at the 
same time entered the Philadelphia College 
of Medicine, from which he graduated July 
18, 1850. He practiced in several places 
until 1852, when he located in Camden. In 
1862 he was appointed assistant surgeon of 
the Twenty-fourth Regiment (New Jersey), 
and served about a year. Upon his return 
he resumed practice, and, in 1872, opened 
the drug-store in Camden which he still 
owns. 

OxAX Bowman Gross was born at Eph- 
rata, Tjancaster County, Pa., February 19, 




^^C^a.^ /^ 



A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND ^[EDICAL MEN. 



291 



1851, and is a liueal descendant, in tlie fifth 
generation, of George Gross, ■who, about 
1747, emigrated from Germany to North 
Carolina. Daring the Revolution he moved 
to Pennsylvania and settled at Ephrata, and 
tliere founded a family, which has since be- 
come prominent and influential in Lancaster 
County. John Gross, l)orn 1778, in 1803 
married Polly AVright, born 1784, daughter 
of John Wright, %yho was the only one of 
the doctor's ancestors not Germans. He 
was from Ireland, and, coming to America 
sonic time prior to the Revolution (prob- 
ablv about 17(30), served through that 
war as a Continental .soldier and came 
out as colonel. He was the great-grandfather 
of our subject. Jacob L. Gross, the father 
of the doctor, born in 1825, and now a resi- 
dent of Camden, was admitted a member of 
the Lancaster County l)ar, practiced the pro- 
fession of the law foi- a number of years at 
I^anca.ster, and, during the years 1854-55, 
was a member of the Pennsylvania TiOgisla- 
ture, and for a time brigadier-general of the 
militia of the counties of Lancaster aiul 
Chester. He was married, in 1849, to 
Hannah B. Bowman, of Ephrata, born in 
1825, a representative of a prominent family 
who belong to the German Baptist denomi- 
nation of Christians, and who are highly 
honored and respected for their indu.stry and 
integrity. Daniel Bowman, the pioneer of 
the family in America, came from Germany 
in 1738 and settled at P^phrata, Lanca.ster 
County, Pa. 

Dr. O. B.Gross spent the time of childhood 
and youth in the vicinity of his birth- 
place ; attended the Ephrata Academy until 
the age of seventeen years ; he was then 
thrown upon his own resources and was in- 
vited to learn the carpenter's trade. Having 
completed the term of apprenticeship, he con- 
tinued his avocation five years as a journey- 
man, during which time, by strict economy 
and judicious care, he earned sufficient money 
to ))ay the college fees, and, therefore, in 



1875, entered the Medical Department of 
the LTniversity of Pennsylvania, and was 
graduated from that institution in 1878, after 
a full three years' course. His preceptors, 
during his attendance on the lectures, were 
Drs. Reynell Coates and Professor Henry 
C. Chapman. During the years from Sep- 
tember, 1876, to March, 1878, he held the 
position of assistant demonstrator of anat- 
omy in the university, being the only medi- 
cal student at that time awarded with such 
an honor. This position gave him excellent 
advantages, which have been of invaluable 
service to him in the regular practice 
of his profe.ssion. On March 5, 1878, he 
received a handsome gold medal, being the 
H. Lenox Hodge prize, awarded him for 
skill in dissecting and for anatomical demon- 
stration. 

Immediately after completing his medical 
course at the university. Dr. Gross located in 
Camden, at 407 Arch (Street, where he has 
since met with excellent success in general 
practice, and at times devoting special atten- 
tion to surgery. In 1884, under the Arthur 
administration, he wasappointeda member of 
the United States Pension Examining Board 
of Surgeons, and continues in that position 
under the Cleveland admini.stration. He is 
a member of the Pathological Society of 
Philadelphia, of the American Medical Asso- 
ciation, of the New Jersey State Medical So- 
ciety, and of the Camden District Medical 
Society, and a member of the board of 
managers of Camden City Dispensary ; is 
examining surgeon for Enterprise Lodge, 
No. 12, Ancient Order of United Work- 
men, and during the years 1883-84 was 
special district sanitary inspector of the 
State Board of Health. In 1884 he was 
elected by the Camden Board of Freeholders 
county physician for a term of three years. 

Dr. Gross was married, in 1877, to Miss 
Fannie A. Coates, daughter of John 
and Rebecca Coates, of Cannlen. They 
have one living child, Marion, born in 1884, 



292 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



their first-born, — " twiu-boys," — and a subse- 
quent child, also a boy, having died as in- 
fants. 

E. J. Snitciier was born near Saleni, Sa- 
lem County, N. J., August 1, 1849, and in 
1872-73-74 studied medicine with Dr. N. S. 
Davis, of Chicago; during the same time was 
a student in the Chicago Medical College, 
from which he was graduated in March, 
1874, after which he located in Camden. He 
joined the Camden County and New Jersey 
State Medical Societies in 1876. 

D. W. BLake is a native of Philadelphia. 
He was educated at the academy of Professor 
Terrill, in Maryland, and began the study of 
medicine with Dr. Stuart, of Philadelphia. 
He graduated at the Jefferson Medical Col- 
lege in March, 1876, and settled at Glouces- 
ter in the practice of his profession. He is 
also engaged in the drug business at this 
point. The doctor is a member of the 
District Medical Society of the County of 
Camden. 

William A. Davis M'as born in Frederica, 
Kent County, Delaware, December 7, 1850. 
He began the study of medicine in 1872 under 
Dr. John R. Haney, of Camden. After com- 
pleting his preparatory studies he entered the 
Medical Department of the University of 
Pennsylvaniaand was graduated March, 1876, 
and then began to practice in Camden. He 
later entered Jefferson Medical College, and 
was graduated in March, 1882. 

DowLiNG Ben.tamin is a native of Balti- 
more, Md., where he was born January 23, 
1849. He began the study of pharmacy in 
Chester, Pa., in 1867, and in 1872, as a med- 
ical student, entered the office of Dr. J. H. 
Jamar, of Port Deposit, Md., and in the 
spring of 1874 he became a student of Dr. 
J. M. Ridge, of Camden. In October fol- 
lowing he entered the Medical Department 
of the University of Pennsylvania, and was 
graduated with the highest honors March 12, 
1877. 

In 1876 he was chosen delegate from the 



Camden Pharmaceutical Society to the Amer- 
ican Association, and has represented this 
couuty society in State, national and inter- 
national societies. On August 27, 1879, he 
was elected a member of the Academy of Nat- 
ural Sciences. After his graduation, in 1877, 
he began to practice medicine in Camden. 
He has also conducted a drug-store for a num- 
ber of yeai's. 

J. Francis Walsh was born of American 
parents in Florence, Italy, April 22, 1855. 
He began the study of medicine, in 1872, 
with Dr. W. W. Keen, of Philadelphia, and 
at the same time entered the Medical Depart- 
ment of the University of Pennsylvania, and 
was graduated in March, 1876. For a year 
and a half he served in the hospitals and dis- 
pensaries of Philadelphia, and in November, 
1878, moved to Camden. 

Samuel B. Irwin was born at the Pleas- 
ant Grove Iron Works, New London town- 
ship, Chester County, Pa., November 7, 1821. 
He began the study of medicine, in 1841, 
with Dr. D. Hayes Agnew. In 1842 he 
came to Philadelphia and entered Jefferson 
Medical College, under Professor Joseph 
Pancoast, from which he was graduated 
March 2, 1844. He attended the first course 
of lectures of the Philadelphia Medical As- 
sociation in 1843. He began practice, in 1849, 
at the Rising Sun, Montgomery Couuty, Pa-, 
and, in 1866, moved to Burlington County, 
N. J., where he continued in practice until 
1872, when he was placed in charge of the 
Government Mercantile Marine Service, and 
served until the spring of 1876. The same 
year he removed to Camden, where he has 
since practiced. 

WiLLiA^r H. IszARD was boiMi in Clay- 
ton, Gloucester Couuty, N. J., April 27, 1842. 
He enlisted in the service of the United States 
as a medical cadet in 1862, and was stationed 
at the hospital on Broad Street, Philadelphia. 
In the fall of 1863 he entered Jefferson Med- 
ical College, and after taking two courses of 
lectures he witiidrew on account of ill health. 



A HISTORY OF JIEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 



293 



Upon recoveriug, lie coutiiuied liis studies, 
and obtained his medical degree in March, 
1870, and then began to practice in Elmer, 
Salem County, N. J. In 1877 he removed 
to Camden. He is an ex-president of the 
Gloucester County Medical Society, and is 
now district sanitary inspector fur the State 
Board of Health. 

C. M. SoHELLiNfJER was born at Cape 
May November 14, 1848. He studied med- 
icine under the instruction of Dr. Alexander 
M. Mecray, of Camden, and in 1876 entered 
Jefferson Medical College, from whicii he 
was graduated in March, 1879, since which 
time he has practiced in Camden. In 1881 
he joined the Camden County and City Med- 
ical Societies, and also the New Jersey State 
Medical Society. 

Henry H. Davis was born at Cro.sswicks, 
N. J., August 16, 1848. He became a stu- 
dent of medicine in the office of Dr. Alex- 
ander Mecray in 1867; entered Jefferson 
Medical College the fall of the same year, 
and from which he was graduated in March, 
1869. He completed a course in pharmacy 
at the same time, and began the jiractice of 
medicine in Camden. In 1874 he opened a 
drug-store, and has conducted it in connection 
with his profession. In 1881 he joined the 
Camden County and City Medical Societies, 
and also the State Medical Society. 

John W. Donges, druggist, physician 
and surgeon, of Camden, was born at 
Stouchsburg, Berks County, Pa., September 
18, 1844. His grandfather, Jacob Donges, 
emigrated from Germany shortly after the 
Revolutionary War, and .settled in Berks 
County. His father, whc)se name was also 
Jacob, was married to Sarah Burkholder, and 
ibr many years carried on the shoemaking 
business in Stouchsburg, employing a num- 
ber of workmen, and also conducting a shoe- 
store. The childhood and youth of Doctor 
Donges were spent in the village where he 
was born. He first attended a private school, 
taught by his sisters, and afterwards spent 



about three years as a student in tlie Stouchs- 
burg Academy, then taught by Mr. Thomas 
S. Searle. At the age of fourteen years he 
secured a position as clerk in a drug-store at 
Minersville, Schuylkill County, Pa. When 
.seventeen years of age he enlisted in Com- 
pany H, of the One Hundred and Twenty- 
ninth Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
in the nine months' service, and, with liis 
regiment, was assigned to the Army of the 
Potomac, under General McClelJan. His 
regiment was present at the battle of Antie- 
tam only a few weeks after enlistment, but 
was not drawn actively into the engagement. 
In the battle of Fredericksburg, in the early 
part of December, 1862, the One Hundred 
and Twenty-ninth Regiment was brought 
into the thickest of the fight, and, whiUt 
charging the enemy. Dr. Donges received a 
dangerous wound by the explosion of a shell, 
causing a compound fracture of the skull. 
He was then sent to the hospital for surgical 
ti-eatment, and, owing to entire disability for 
further military duty, caused by the wound, 
was discharged from the service on January 
8, 1863. He soon afterward returned to 
Minersville, where he resumed his former 
occupation in the drug business. While here 
he began the study of medicine under Dr. 
Theodore Helwig, a prominent physician of 
Minersville. After a year he returned to 
his home in Stouchsburg, and there continued 
his studies under Dr. James A. Fisher. In 
1864 he entered the Medical Department of 
the University of Pennsylvania, and was 
graduated with the class of 1866. In the 
following August he began the practice of 
medicine at Donaldson, Schuylkill County, 
Pa., and continued it uninterruptedly for 
nine years, having there acquired a large 
practice. Ill health, caused by over-work, 
induced him to think of discontinuing active 
practice and engage in the drug business. 
In 1875 he purchased the drug-store, which 
he has since owned and conducted, at the cor- 
ner of Broadway and Ferry Avenue, in 



294 



; HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Camdeu, wliere lie now has a large and in- 
creasing practice. 

Dr. Donges is a member of the Schuylkill 
County Medical Society, the Camden City 
and County Medical Society, the New Jersey 
State Medical Society and the American 
Medical Association. 

In 1878 Dr. Donges was elected a member 
of the City Council from the Eighth Ward, 
which, at the general elections, is strongly 
Republican. On this occasion, however, it 
gave the doctor a handsome majority as the 
Democratic candidate, and he served six years 
consecutively as a member of Council, and was 
president of that body during the year 1883. 
During the year 1879, when the small-pox 
prevailed to an alarming extent in Camden, 
he was a member of the sanitary committee. 
For his efficiency as an executive officer and 
as attending physician — free of chai'ge — when 
the unfortunate people were stricken witii 
that loathsome disease, the City Council unan- 
imously passed the following resolutions : 

"Council Chamber, City Hall. 

" Camden, April 28, 1881. 

" At a stated meeting of City Council, held on the 
above date,- it was unanimously 

" Rexohy'd, Th:it a coniinittee of three be ap- 
pointed to draft suitable re.solutions conveying the 
thanks of this body to J. W. Donges, M.D., for 
special services rendered as a member of the Cam- 
den Board of Health, during the prevalence of 
small-pox in our city in the fall of 1879-80. 

" The committee reported the following, which 
was unanimously adopted: 

" W/ii'reas, The citizens of this community, 
through their representatives, having expressed an 
earnest desire that a token of public appreciation 
should be extended to J. W. Donges, M.D , for the 
fearless and faithful discharge of his duties as a 
member of the board of Health, be it therefore 

" Resolved, That the sincere and heartfelt thanks 
of this body and community are hereby extended 
to J. W. Donges, M.D.. member of City Council 
from the Eighth Ward, and member of the Board 
of Heal'h, for his indefatigable, self-sacrificing and 
successful efforts to obliterate the loathsome dis- 
ease that infested our city. 

" Re.iolned, That to his vakialile assistance and 
wise professional judgment is due the successful 



efforts of the board in preventing a wide-spread 
epidemic, and placing practical safeguards against 
a recurrence of the disease for years to come. 

" Resolved, That his exceptional care and pro- 
vision for the comfort of the public patients com- 
mands their gratitude in a manner that words are 
inadequate to express. 

" J. P. MiCHELLON, 

" President City Council. 
" Frank F. Michellon, 
" Clerk City Council. 

" Alex. J. Milliette, 1 

" H. T. Rose, \ Commit/ee." 

" T. P. Pfeiffee, I 

On December 22, 1866, Dr. Donges was 
married to Miss Rose Renoud, of Philadel- 
phia. Dr. and Mrs. Donges have five chil- 
dren, — ]\Iiriam E., Clarence B., Raymond 
R., Evelyn L. and Ralph W. E. 

Ellis P. Townsend was born at Kennett, 
Chester County, Pa., May 27, 1835. He 
was a student of medicine under his father. 
Dr. W. W. Townsend, and in 1860 entered 
Jeiferson INIedical College, and was graduated 
in March, 1863. He served one year in the 
army as assistant surgeon, after which he 
practiced medicine in Beverly, N. J., from 
1864 until September, 1883, when he came 
to Camdeu. While a practitioner in the 
former place, he published the County Prac- 
titioner, a medical journal, that was afterward 
discontinued. He was formerly a member of 
the Burlington County Medical Society, but 
transferred his membership to the Camden 
County Society in 1883. 

HrnvARD F. Palm is a native of Orwigs- 
burg, Pa., where he wiis born March 22, 
1855. He studied medicine with his father, 
Dr. J. P. Palm, and entered Jefferson Medi- 
cal College in 1879; was graduated March 
12, 1881, and March 31, 1881, from the 
Philadelphia School of Anatomy, and then 
located as a practitioner in Camdeu. 

Conrad G. Hoell was born in Camden 
May 25, 1860. After obtaining a prepara- 
tory education, he entered the College of 
Pharmacy, in Philadelphia, graduating in 
1880. Tn tlie same rear he became a medi- 



A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 



295 



cal student iu the office of Dr. J. M. Ridge, 
and in the spring of 1881 entered tiie Med- 
ical Department of the University of Penn- 
sylvania, and was gradnated iu March, 1882. 
He tlien located in Camden, and soon after- 
ward purcliased a drug-store on Federal 
Street, which he now conducts in connection 
with his medical practice. He became a 
member of the Camden County Medical So- 
ciety in 1884. 

A. T. Di^BSON, Jr., was born at Cape 
May, N. J., July 7, 1858; entered the Medi- 
cal Department of the University of Penn- 
sylvania as a student in 1879, and was grad- 
uated in March, 1882. Alter eight months' 
practice in Luzerne County, Pa., he removed 
to and located in Camden. In the year 1S84 
he joined the Camden City and County and 
State jMedical Societies. 

P. W. Bkale was born on the banks of the 
Wissahickon, Pa., May 23, 1855. In 1872- 
73 he studied medicine under Professor E. L. 
Wallace, and from 1873 to 1876 he studied 
under Professor John Brinton, and at the 
same time was a .student in Jefferson Medical 
College, from which he was gradnated in 
March, 1876. He practiced in the iiospitals 
f(ir a year, and in the city of Pliiladclphia 
four years, and in the spring of 1881 located 
in Camden. He was elected coroner in 1884. 
He became a member of the Camden County 
Medical Society in 1884. 

Daniel Stkock was born in Fleniington, 
X. J., on September 6, 1851. He began tlie 
.study of medicine, in 1874, under Dr. Charles 
(ieissler, of Philadelphia, and at the same 
time entered Jefferson IMedical College, from 
which he was graduated in March, 1877. He 
])racticed in Philadelphia until October, 1880, 
when he came to Camden. 

Joseph H. Wills was born near Mount 
Holly, N. J., March 13, 1844. He studied 
medicine with Dr. Samuel Ashhurst, of Pliila- 
dclphia, and attended lectures in the jNIedi- 
cal Department of the University of Penn- 
sylvania in 1877, and was (rraduated in 



March, 1880, after which he was engaged 
in the Orthop:edic and Pennsylvania Ho.s- 
pitals until November 1, 1S8:>, when he 
located in Camden. 

WiLLrA:M WARN(>(K,a native of Burling- 
ton, N. J., was born June 29, 1858. He 
studied pharmacy for a term of three years, 
and in 1877 entered the Medical Department 
of the University of Pennsylvania, from which 
he was graduated in March, 1880. He was 
engaged one year as physician in the Penn- 
sylvania Hospital, and was surgeon two years 
for the " Red Star Line " of ocean steamers. 
In August, 1883, he located to practice his 
profession in Camden. 

James A. Wamsley was born in Glou- 
cester County, N. J., on 19th of April, 1851. 
He received his education at the neighbor- 
ing schools, and entered Jefferson Medical 
College in the fall of 1876, graduating in 
1878. He first located at Alloway, Salem 
County, N. J., and remained two years, re- 
moving from thence to Southwestern Illinois. 
Dr. Wamsley made Gloucester his home in 
1877, where he has since been engaged in 
active practice, as al.so in the management of 
a drug-store. He has for .seven consecutive 
years filled the office of city physician of 
Gloucester. 

D. Hedding Bartixe, is of Huguenot 
descent, and the great-grandson of Jean 
Bartine, who, after his emigration from 
France to HcJland, came to America, settled 
in New Rochelle and became Governor of 
the province. Among his children was a 
son, David, who became noted as a minister 
of unusual classical attainments, who mar- 
ried a Miss Newell, to whom was horn a 
son, David W., at the old homestead, Prince- 
ton, N. J. 

He attained distinction, both as a doctor 
of divinity and doctor of medicine. By his 
marriage to Amelia, daughter of Richard 
Stout, of Ocean County, X. J., the following 
children were born : Richard S., Helen 
(late ]\Irs. George Batchelder), Louisa (wife 



296 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



of Dr. Lewis Redding, of Trenton), S. 
Hedding, Amelia (late Mrs. Charles Hall), 
Anna (deceased), Laura (wife of the late 
Lieutenant Slack, United States Navy), Jen- 
nie (now Mrs. James Macnider, of Brook- 
lyn) and Joseph. 

David Hedding Bartine, the second son, 
was born November 7, 1841, at Morristown, 
N. J., and, after an academic course at Har- 
risburg and Lancaster, Pa., removed to 
Philadelphia, entering the L^niversity of 
Pennsylvania in the autumn of 1859. 

He graduated in 1862, and, subsequently 
joining the staiF of St. Joseph's Hospital, i-e- 
mained at that institution for six months. He 
then entered the army as assistant surgeon of 
the One Hundred and Fourteenth Regiment 
•Pennsylvania Volunteers, or Collis Zouaves. 
After an active service of one year and nine 
months, he was detached and assigned to 
duty at General Meade's headquarters, Army 
of the Potomac, as attending surgeon. In 
August, 1864, he was promoted to the full 
rank of major, and assigned to duty as sur- 
geon of the Second Veteran Artillery, Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers. On the surrender of 
General Lee, Dr. Bartine was placed as sur- 
geon in charge of the Fair-Ground United 
States General Hospital, at Petersburg, 
Va., and remained on duty until he was dis- 
charged, February 18, 1866. He then re- 
sumed the life of a civilian, locating in 
Merchantville, N. J., and engaged in the 
pursuit of his profession. His practice, 
which is of a general character, is not con- 
fined to the immediate locality of his resi- 
dence, but extends to Camden and Philadel- 
phia. He has devoted much attention to 
diseases of the throat, and his skill in that 
branch of practice, with his thorough knowl- 
edge of the profession as a whole, have 
placed him in the leading rank among the 
physicians of the county. 

Dr. Bartine is jjrominently identified with 
the public interests of the county, especially 
those pertaining to its sanitary condition. 



He is president of the Board of Health of 
the borough of Merchantville and an active 
Odd-Fellow, being a member of Amity 
Lodge, No. 166, of Merchantville. 

Dr. Bartine was married, February 21, 
1865, to Miss Clementine, daughter of the 
late John Hanna, Esq., one of the oldest 
members of the Philadelphia bar. May H. 
is their only child. 

Louis Hatton was born of Friends 
(Quaker) parentage, in Delaware County, 
Pa., in the year 1 834. He received his pre- 
liminary education in the schools of that 
county ; remained on his father's farm, with 
bis parents, until 1850. He was jjlaced by 
his father as an apprentice to learn the car- 
penter trade, under the care, instruction and 
guardianship of George Chandler, of Phila- 
delphia, an exemplary member of the Society 
of Friends. He completed his apprentice- 
ship in 1854 ; continued to work at the car- 
penter business, and by industry, frugality 
and close study of the preliminary branches 
of medical education during hours of work 
at the bench, and at other times, succeeded in 
accumulating sufficieut pecuniary means and 
medical knowledge to commence the regular 
study of medicine, under the tuition of Isaac 
Lee, M.D., of Westchester, Pa., in 1857 ; 
continued to study under Mr. Lee until 1859 ; 
matriculated in thePenn Medical College, of 
Philadelphia, Pa., and graduated in 1861 ; 
commenced the practice of medicine in Cam- 
den in that year. He married Anna F. 
Sharp, daughter of Jacob ^y. Sharp, of 
Camden, in 1863 ; lost his wife, by consump- 
tion, in 1864 ; married Laura V. Foulks, 
daughter of Rev. William Foulks (1868), by 
whom two children have been born, — Carrie 
and Horace. 

Joseph E. Hurff was born September 14, 
1856, at Turuerville, N. J.; obtained his pre- 
paratory education in the schools of his native 
town and at the Blackwood Academy ; he 
then for three years attended Pierce's Busi- 
ness College, in Philadelphia. In 1875 he 



A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDK'AT. MEN. 



297 



became a studeut of medicine under the in- 
struction of Dr. Henry E. FJranniu, of Biacic- 
wood, entered Jefferson Medical College in 
1879, was graduated in 1<S81, and immedi- 
ately thereafter established himself in the 
practice of his profession in Blackwood. 

James H. Stanton was born in the State 
of Maryland July 9, 1837. After obtaining 
a preparatory education, he began the study 
of medicine under the instruction of his uncle, 
Dr. W. E. Bonwill. Entering the Medical 
Department of the University of Pennsyl- 
vania, he completed the course and was grad- 
uated in the year 1869. He established liini- 
.self in practice in Philadelphia immediately 
after graduation, and continued in his pro- 
fession there until 188-3, when he located in 
Camden, and has since followed his profession 
in that city. 

James G. Stanton, son of Dr. James H. 
Stanton, was born in Delaware April 15, 
i860; studied medicine with liis father, en- 
tered Jefferson ]\Iedical College, and after 
his graduation, in March, 1881, he began to 
jiractice in Camden. 

HoWAP.!) G. Bonwill was born near 
iViver, Kent County, Del., in 1862. He 
studied medicine witli Dr. J. H. Stanton, 
and entered Jefferson Medical College, from 
which he was graduated in April, 1886, and 
then began to practice in C'amden. 

Samuel T. Banes was born in South- 
ampton ville, Bucks County, Pa., April 16, 
1846. He studied medicine in 1867, under 
the direction of Dr. Charles T. Seary, of 
Philadelphia, and the three succeeding years 
in the office of Dr. Gordon, of the same city. 
He completed his studies at the Medical De- 
partment of the University of Pennsylvania, 
and was graduated M.D. in March, 1872. 
In 1873 he located in the city of Camden, 
where he has since practiced. 

Isaac N. Hugg was born August 24, 
1840, on Timber Creek, Gloucester County. 
He was educated in the public schools, and 
on the breaking out of the Civil War, en- 



tered the Union army as lieutenant, was 
promoted to captain, and served to the close 
in the Thirty-fourth Regiment New Jersey 
A^olunteers. In 1867 he turned his atten- 
tion to medicine, with Washington J. Duffy, 
M.D., of Philadelphia, as preceptor, and en- 
tered the Philadelphia University of Medi- 
cine and Surgery and graduated in 1869, and 
in July of that year came to Camden, where 
he has since practiced his profession. 

John Stkadley was born iu Frederica, 
Del., December 3, 1828, and was educated at 
the schools near his home. He began the 
study of medicine with Dr. Alliert Whiteley, of 
the same place, and graduated from the Ver- 
mont Medical College, at Woodstock, Vt., in 
1852. He then acted as surgeon on board 
a vessel running to Liverpool, and also made 
a voyage to Australia in the same capacity. 
In 1862 Dr. Stradley engaged in practice 
and opened a drug-store in Philadelphia. In 
1874 he removed to Gloucester, resumed his 
business as a druggist and began an- office 
practice, since abandoned. 

Ezra Comly was born at Byberry Sep- 
tember 17, 1840; studied mediciue with his 
father. Dr. Isaac Comly, entered the Medical 
Departmeut of the University of Penn.sylva- 
nia, and was graduated therefrom in March, 
1862. He practiced in his native place until 
November, 1885, when he removed to Cam- 
den. 

H. H. Sherk, a native of Lebanon, Pa., 
established a drug-store in Wrightsville in 
1876, and in 1884 entered Jefiersou Medical 
College and graduiited in May, 1886. He 
now conducts the drug-store and follows his 
profession. 

Geo. H. Jones, u native of Philadelphia, 
was born February 2, 1830. He was grad- 
uated from the Medical Department of the 
University of the City of New York in 
March, 1870. After practice in several 
places, he located in Camden in February, 
1883. 

Mrs. Jennie Rickards was boru at Ja- 



298 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



maica, L. I., March 23, 1850, and began 
the study of medicine under Dr. Joseph 
Hearn, of Philadelphia, in 1876 ; entered 
the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylva- 
nia, in Philadelphia, in 1878, when, after two 
years' study, in 1880, she entered the Eclectic 
Medical Collage of Philadelphia, and was 
graduated in March, 1882. She practiced 
medicine under Dr. Hearn before graduation, 
and since then has practiced medicine in 
Camden. 

Mrs. Sophia Presley is a native of Ire- 
land, came to this countiy when a child, 
with her parents, and in 1876 became a stu- 
dent in the Women's Medical College of 
Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, and was 
graduated in 1879; practiced one year in the 
Hospital for Women and Children, and in 
1881 located in Camden. She was appointed 
instructor of surgery in the Women's Hos- 
pital in 1880 and held the position three 
years, and from 1881 to 1884 was clinic 
physieian. Since the death of Dr. I. Mul- 
ford she has been physician in charge of the 
AVest Jersey Orphanage for coloied chil- 
dren. 

William Shafer, a native of Leesburg, 
Va., was born February 14, 1853, and stud- 
ied medicine in his native place with Dr. E. 
H. ^Slott. He entered Jefferson Medical 
College in the fall of 1881, from which he 
was graduated in March, 1884. He com- 
pleted a course of pharmacy in 1880, and 
then established himself in the drug busi- 
ness in Camden. 

William R. Powell was born in Eng- 
land April 22, 1855 ; studied medicine in 
Canada and engaged in the drug business in 
that pi'ovince. In 1874 he came to Philadel- 
phia and entered the Philadelphia College of 
Pharmacy and Jefferson Medical College. 
He was graduated from the former in Mai'ch, 
1875, and from the latter in March, 1877. 
He began practice in I'hiladelphia aud re- 
moved to Camden in January, 1886. He 
was appointed assistant of the Out- Patient 



Medical Department of Jefferson Medical 
College Hospital May 28, 1886. 

AViLLiAM S. Jones was born at Elmer, 
Salem County, N. J., January 16, 1856. He 
began his medical studies under J. S. Whita- 
ker, of Millville, N. J., in 1875, aud the 
next year entered Jefferson Medical College, 
from which he was graduated Doctor of Medi- 
cine in March, 1878, and practiced in Mill- 
ville until the fall of 1885, when he moved 
to Camden, where he now resides. He is 
also assistant physician of the Laryngologi- 
cal Department of JeiFerson Medical College 
Hospital. 

Lawrence L. Glover was born in Cam- 
den. He studied medicine under Dr. T. 
J. Smith, of Bridgeton, and Prof. Wallace, 
of Philadelphia, and entered Jefferson Medi- 
cal College in the fall of 1879, from which 
he was graduated in May, 1882. He began 
pi'actice in Salem, and in April, 1885, re- 
moved to Haddoufield, where he is now in 
practice. 

E. E. Smiley was born in the city of 
Philadelphia, having descended from a 
family of physicians, being a grandson of the 
well-known Dr. Thomas Smiley, of Phila- 
delphia. He was graduated from the Phila- 
delphia High School and entered the drug- 
.store of P. S. Eeed, in West Philadelphia, in 
1868, graduating in pharmacy. He entered 
Jefferson Medical College in 1874, from which 
he was graduated in 1880, taking a prize for 
an essay on obstetrics, which branch of the 
profession he now practices as a specialty. 
After graduating, he came to Camden, and 
entered into a partnership with Dr. W. A. 
Davis, in the drug business, and in 1885 he 
established a drug-store. 

N. Davis, a native of Kent County, Del., 
was graduated from the Philadelphia College 
of Pharmacy in 1878, aud in 1882 opened a 
drug-store in Camden. In 1883 he entered 
the office of Dr. W. A. Davis as a medical 
student, and in the fall of the same year en- 
tered Jefferson Medical College, and after 



A HISTORY OF 3IEPICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 



299 



graduating in 1886 has coudueteil both the 
drug-store and his medical practice. 

John H. Sutton was bom in iNewtou, 
N. J., March 23,1856, and in 1873 began 
tiie study of medicine with Dr. Jonathan 
Hoven, in his native place. In 1874 he 
entered the College of Physicians and Sur- 
geons in New York City, from which he 
was graduated in 1877, and began practice 
in Newark, N. J., and continued there until 
1880, when he removed to Camden. 

William C. Raughley, a native of Kent 
County, Del., was born November 21, 1857. 
He studied medicine with Dr. A. H. Bishop, 
of Dover, Del., and entered the Medical De- 
partment of the University of Pennsylvania, 
from which he wa-s graduated in May, 1884, 
and then began practice in Berlin. 

Guilford Guxter was born in Fred- 
erickton, N. B., March 22, 1858 ; studied 
medicine in Canada ; entered the jNIedical 
Department of the University of Pennsyl- 
vania in 1878, and from that institution re- 
ceived his medical degree in 1880. He en- 
tered upon the practice of his profession in 
Berlin, and in 1884 removed to Camden. 

Geokue W. Henry was born in Camden 
November 19, 1858. He entered the Phila- 
delphia College of Pharmacy in 1875, and 
gratluated in March, 1879 ; studied medicine 
with Dr. D. Benjamin, and entered Jefl'erson 
Medical College in the fall of 1880, taking 
the degree of Doctor of Medicine, and in 
April following began practice in Camden, 
wiiich, in connection with a drug-store, he 
continues. 

W. S. Long was born in Chester County, 
Pa., November 25, 1855. He studied medi- 
cine with his father, Dr. M. A. Long, and in 
the fall of 1875 entered the Medical Depart- 
ment of the University of Pennsylvania, 
and graduated therefrom March 11, 1878. 
He practiced one year as resident pliysiciau 
of the Pennsylvania Hospital, was in charge 
one year, under Dr. Charles K. Mills, of the 
Nervous Dispensary, four years in Philadel- 



phia, and in April, 1885, moved to Haddon- 
field, where he is now in practice. 

Robert CAsrERHON is a native of St. 
Louis, Mo., born November 23, 1859. He be- 
came a student in 1 881 under Professor W. H. 
Pancoast, and in the meantime for two years 
attended lectures at Jefferson Medical Col- 
lege. In 1883 he visited the hospitals of 
London and Paris, and on his return resumed 
his study at the same institution and was 
graduated in March, 1884. He practiced in 
Philadelphia' one yeai', and in June, 1886, 
removed to Camden. 

William A. Westc'ott was born in 
Waterford October 15, 1857 ; studied medi- 
cine with Dr. Jennings, of Camden ; entered 
Jefferson Medical College, and was graduated 
in April, 1883. He also took a post-graduate 
course in the Pennsylvania School of Anatomy 
and Surgery, in operative surgery with tlie 
physicians and surgeons of Philadelpiiia 
Hospital, in obstetrics at the Philadelphia 
Lying-in Charity Hospital. After finishing 
these studies at the institutions mentioned he 
began the active duties of his profession in 
Berlin, where he still resides and practices. 

George T. Robison was born in AVash- 
ington, D. C, March 15, 1861. After com- 
pleting the medical course at the University 
of Pennsylvania, he was graduated March 5, 
1882, and immediately began the active 
duties of his profession in Camden. 

R. W. Richie, is a graduate of Jefferson 
Medical College in 1852, and after practicing 
medicine several years in Philadelphia, in 
1885 he removed to Camden and engaged in 
the drug business and continued Ids medical 
profession. 

Robert Givin Taylor was born in the 
county of Antrim, Ireland, April 28, 1820. 
He emigrated to this country in 1845, and 
in 1858 began the study of medicine under 
the instruction of Dr. John Hurst, of Phil- 
adelphia. After spending the required time 
as a student in the Jefferson Medical College, 
he was graduated M. D. in 1861, and immedi- 



300 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW" JERSEY. 



ately established himself as a physician iu 
the city of Camden. In 1873 he tooii charge 
of a drug-store previously conducted by his 
son, Dr. William Taylor, which he has since 
continued in connection with his professional 
duties. 

Alexander McAlliston was born in 
Paterson, N. J., May 5, 18(52. He entered 
the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, and 
was graduated iu 1882, and the same year 
entered the Medical Department of the 
University of Pennsylvania, and was grad- 
uated from that institution in May, 1885, 
and then began practice in Camden. 

Frank G. Stroud was born at Moores- 
town, N. J., October 30, 1862, and studied 
medicine with his father, Dr. J. C. Stroud. 
In 1880 he entered Jeifersou Medical Col- 
lege, and was graduated April 2, 1882. He 
began practice in his native place and con- 
tinued until December 10, 1885, when he 
located. He is also iu the Laryngological 
Department on the staff of Jefferson Medical 
College Hospital. 

HOMCEOPATHY. 

The founder of homoeopathy, Samuel 
Hahnemann, was born April 10, 1755, at 
Meissen, in Cur-Saxony, one of the regions in 
Germany. He passed several years at the 
Stadtschule, and at the age of sixteen he 
began to attend the Furstenschule, of Meissen, 
where he remained eight years. His parents 
were poor, but his inherent thirst for knowl- 
edge induced his instructors to give him the 
advantages of an education without paying 
the usual tuition fees. In 1775 he entered 
the University of Leipsig,. where he raised 
enough money to spend two years in study, 
by giving lessons as a tutor and making 
translations into German. He took his de- 
gree of Doctor of Medicine at Erlangen 
August 10, 1779. He spent ten years in 
the practice of his profession at difl'erent 
places, and in 1789 returned to Leipsig, 
where he soon became favorably known for 



his knowledge of medicine, chemistry, min- 
eralogy and the kindred sciences, and for 
many important discoveries which gave him 
a wide-spread reputation. In pursuing his 
investigations he became dissatisfied with 
the state of medical science around him. 
He claimed that it was imperfect, and then 
began to elaborate a new system of medicine 
which he termed homceopathia, which is 
derived from the two Greek words, homoios 
(similar) and jxtthos (feeling or suffering). 
He tested the use of a number of drugs, con- 
vinced himself and advanced it as a theory, 
that a remedy which would cure a certain 
disease would also produce a di.sorder very 
similar to that disea.se in a healthy person, 
and that the converse was equally true, — i. e., 
that a drug which produced a certain disease 
in a healthy body would cure it in a sick 
one. He tested the drug on his own person, 
carefully noting the minutest effects produced 
and comparing them with the symptoms of 
well-known disea.ses. He induced some of 
his friends to join him in the.se tests or prov- 
ings, and, by mutually comparing notes, cer- 
tain positive facts and a code were established. 
This was the oi'igin of the famous axiom, 
similia similibus curaiitur. Many German 
physicians tested the principles of Hahne- 
mann, and afterwards advocated them. The 
founder of this new system of medicine, after 
he had attained the age of forty-five years, 
lived in a complete self-abnegation and 
endangered his own physical constitution in 
testing the system he was promulgating. 
In the mean time he wrote ten volumes of 
the " Materia Medica Pura," and effected 
cures on persons of eminence "in promulgat- 
ing the theory of minimum doses. His 
greatest work is entitled the " Organon of 
Rational Medicine," which has always been, 
and doubtless will continue to be, a text- 
book of the homceopatiiic profession In 1805 
he published a little work on the " Positive 
Effects of Medicine." In 1831 he rendered 
efficient service during the time the cholera 





i^^^-e^c^ ,^:^»^. 



A Hlf^TORY OF MEDICIXE AND >rEDICAL MEN. 



301 



raged so violently in Eastern K)urope. In 
1836 he left Leipsig and resided for fifteen 
years with the Duke at Coethen, perfecting 
his system by experiments and in the treat- 
ment of the sick of many fiimilies of tiie 
nobility. 

During his residence at Coethen, when 
in his eightieth year, he married Made- 
moiselle D'Hervilly (lohier, a member of 
one of the prominent families of F'rance. 
She had been cured by him of a dangerous 
malady. The marriage was somewiiat ro- 
mantic, inasmuch as she was forty-five years 
his junior. Soon after this event he and his 
wife removed to Paris, where he spent the 
remainder of his years, and died July 2, 
1844, at the advanced age of eiglity-ninc 
years. He was of slender form and diminu- 
tive stature. His head was large and his 
forehead well-proportioned. lie was known 
bv his contemporaries as a man of fine intel- 
\vct. 

Homipopathy was introduced in Camden 
County by the physicians of Philadelphia. 
In 1838 the " Family Guide," translated and 
compiled by C. Hering, M.D., was published 
in Camden and aided greatly in spreading 
tlie knowledge of homoeopathy, inducing many 
to test it. The way was thus prepared for a 
physician of this school, and in 1841 J. R. 
Andrews, M.D., a graduate of Jefferson Medi- 
cal College, Pliiladelphia, began the practice 
of houKeopathy here. He was faithfully sup- 
ported by a few warm friends, but being a 
young man and the opposition proving very 
strong, after two years of struggling he re- 
moved to Wilmington, Del. He remained 
there only a short time, being induced to re- 
turn by the earnest solicitation of former 
patrons. After his return his practice grew 
rapidly, and he continued in extensive busi- 
ness until his sudden death, in 18()4, from 
cerebro-spinal meningitis. 

A family by the name of Reese, living on 
Cooper Street, above Third, was ])robal)ly the 
first in Camden to receive honio'opathic treat- 



ment, being visited by Dr. Schomlie, of 
Philadelphia. Through the head of this 
family, Dr. Andrews, who was then sick, was 
induced to try homfeopathic treatment, and it 
residted as successfully in his case as in the 
Reese family. It was this circumstance, 
undoubtedly, which gave the initial impulse 
to his career. 

Dr. J. Richardson Andrews here allud- 
ed to as the pioneer of hom<ieopathy in Camden, 
was born in the city September 21, 1818, and 
was a son of Richardson Andrews, a lumber 
merchant. He read medicine with Dr. Wil- 
liam Schomlie, of Philadelphia, and gradu- 
ated from Jefferson Medical College in 1841. 
He married Catharine, daughter of Captain 
Warrington, of Pennsylvania, by whom he had 
four chiklren, — William, Richardson, Kate 
and P. W. Andrews, now a physician. Dr. 
Andrews died in 1864, as heretofore men- 
tioned. He was universally esteemed as an 
eminent and skillful physician, and a man of 
irreproachable character. 

Samukl Carles was among the first 
practitioners of homieopathy in Camden 
County. He was born in Philadelphia 
May 11, 1817. He began the study of 
medicine with Dr. George jMcClellan, 
of Philadelphia, and soon ;ifter entered 
Jefferson Medical College and received the 
degree of JNI.D. in March, 1839. He 
jtracticed medicine a few years in Phila- 
delphia, and in 18")4 read medicine under Dr. 
John Anderson, a prominent lionKeopathist 
of Camden, and in 1855 was graduated from 
Hahnemann Medical College and then began 
practicing in Camden, in accordance with 
the teaching of Hahnemann, many years 
with marked success. He still resides in 
Camden. 

Bowman H. Shivers was born in Had- 
donfield July 7, 1836. He studied medicine 
with Dr. Julius Holtenpolf, of Iladdonfield, 
and in the fall of 1855 entered Pennsylvania 
Medical University, in Philadelphia, from 
which he was graduated in April, 1858. He 



302 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



then began to practice his profession in 
Marhon and continued until 1862 ; resided 
in Philadelphia two years and in 1864 began 
the practice of homreopatiiy in his native 
town. 

J. Kemper Bryamt was born in Phila- 
delphia December 18, 1832. He studied 
medicine with Dr. J. G. Howard, of Phila- 
delphia, in 1852, and entered Hahnemann 
Medical College, from which he was grad- 
uated in March, 1856. He practiced in New- 
ark, Delaware, until 1864, when he moved 
to Camden and has since pursued his profes- 
sion in that city. 

H. F. Hunt was born in Providence, 
R. I., March 29, 1838. His ancestors are 
among the earliest settlers of the State. His 
great-grandfather was a colonel in the Revo- 
lutionary War, and his descendants have con- 
tinued to occupy prominent political positions. 
Dr. Hunt passed through the graded schools 
in Providence, and, at iifteen years of age, 
entered Greenwich Seminary, taking a three 
years' college course. His health failing, he 
did not enter Brown University, as intended, 
at the expiration of the three years, but had 
to relinquish study. He managed a cotton- 
factory for his father until the spring of 
1860, when he decided to go West. He be- 
came a teacher in Aurora Seminary at Auro- 
ra, 111., and also commenced the study of 
medicine with Dr. Howell, an allopathic 
physician. He remained there two years and 
then returned East and took a course of lec- 
tures at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 
New York. While studying with Dr. Howell 
a severe epidemic of diphtheria prevailed, and 
thinking that the homceopathic treatment was 
more successful, he was induced to investigate 
that treatment. After leaving New Jersey he 
returned to Providence and entered the office 
of Dr. A. H. Okie. He remained with him 
two years. He graduated from the Homeo- 
pathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 
the spring of 1864. Dr. J. R. Andrews 
died at that time and he was invited to suc- 



ceed him in Camden. This gave him at once 
a large and lucrative practice. He was soon 
compelled to relinquish all country practice. 

The idea was conceived of organizing the 
homceopathic medical men of South Jersey, 
and the result was the establishment of the 
West Jersey Homceopathic Medical Society, 
of which Dr. Hunt was elected president. 
He also helped to organize the State Society, 
and was elected its president in 1876, and 
was also appointed a delegate to the World's 
Convention, which assembled in Philadelphia 
that year. 

P. W. Andrews, son of Dr. J. R. An- 
drews, the first resident hom(?bopathist iu 
Camden County, was born in Camden. 
He attended the Friends' Central School, in 
Philadelphia, and afterwards jiursued the 
study of the classics under the instruction of 
Professor Hutchinson, of Camden. He read 
medicine in the office of his father until the 
time of the latter's death, and then became a 
student with Dr. H. F. Hunt. He attended 
medical lectures for two years at Long Island 
College Hospital, and then entered the Ho- 
mceopathic Medical College of Philadelphia, 
and was graduated from that institution. He 
has since practiced in Camden. 

Melbourne F. MiDDiiEXON was born 
in the city of Camden on the 21st day 
of January, 1842. His father, Timothy 
Middleton, his grandfather, Amos A. Mid- 
dleton, and his great-grandfather, Timothy 
Middleton, were all born here. In these 
early days, reaching back to Revolutionary 
times, Camden was but a very small village. 
Timothy Middleton, the father of the doc- 
tor, was born January 21, 1817, and died 
April 15, 1867. He was an active, intelli- 
gent and successful farmer, but exchanged 
that occupation in his later years for city life, 
and, becoming interested in local affiiirs, was 
elected and served one term as mayor of the 
city of Camden. He was married, on the 
19th of November, 1840, to He.ster A. R. 
Jenkins, an estimable lady, and the follow- 








^ '^4xO'/^^^C4^'^^^^^^A''2^ 




A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 



303 



ing children were born to them : Melbourne 
F., Malinda E., Amos A., Elizabeth S. and 
Timothy J. Dr. Melbourne F. Middieton, 
the eldest and the subject of" this biography, 
obtained his preparatory education in the 
public schools of C-amden and Philadelphia. 
After leaving school he returned to his 
father's farm, near Camden, where he spent 
about four years in the healthy occupation of 
a farmer. During this time and after leav- 
ing the farm (his father returning to Cam- 
den) he pursued special branches of study to 
fit himself more fully for active business 
life. We next find him engaged for a short 
time as a grocer's clerk; then as a salesman 
in a cloth-house in Philadelphia ; then as an 
assistant book-keeper in the office of Dr. D. 
Jayne & Son, of Philadelphia, where he was 
soon advanced to the position of general cor- 
respondent. The duties were arduous, in- 
volving a list of correspondents to the num- 
ber of ten thousand. After being in the 
ofiice about two years, and his health failing, 
the firm kindly gave him their power of at- 
torney, and sent him out traveling in their 
interests, which position he held nearly two 
years, after which he returned, with renewed 
health and an invaluable experience, which 
had broadened his view of men and things, 
to enter upon the fulfillment of hopes that 
had been cheri.<hed from early childhood, 
and towards which every previous move- 
ment of his life- had been a stepping stone — 
the study of medicine. During the time he 
was in the office of Dr. D. Jayne & Son he 
matriculated, and each winter attended lec- 
tures on single branches of medicine, and, 
while traveling, continued study so far as his 
duties and health would permit. In the fall 
of 1866 he entered the Hahnemann Medical 
College, of Philadelphia, for the full course 
of lectures, and graduated with the degree of 
Doctor of Medicine on March 4, 1868, and 
immediately commenced the practice of med- 
icine in the city of Camden, where he still 
continues au earnest and successful physi- 



cian. He is a member of the West Jersey 
Homoeopathic Medical Society," " The New 
Jersey State Homoeopathic Medical Society," 
"The American Institute of Homoeopathy," 
and the " Camden Microscopical Society." He 
is one of the originators of the " Camden Ho- 
mceopathic Hospital and Dispensary Associa- 
tion," and, in 1880, through his influence, 
the practice of homreopathy was introduced 
into the " C'amden County Asylum for the 
Insane." He was for eight years a member 
of the " Board of Education of the City of 
Camden," is also a member of " Camden 
Lodge, No. 15, F. A. M," and is connected 
by membership with the Third Street Meth- 
odist Episcopal Church, of which his parents 
were among the early members. 

Dr. Middieton was married, on the 16th 
day of March, 1871, to Miss Emily M. 
King, youngest daughter of Captain Henry 
King, one of the oldest and a highly re- 
spected citizen of Camden. They have four 
children, — Bessie K., Melbourne F., Arthur 
L. and Timothy G. 

Thomas R. Blackwood was born in 
Moorestown, N. J., July 21, 1834. He en- 
tered the office of Dr. Clay, of that town, as 
a medical student, in 1867, and soon after 
entered Hahnemann Medical College, from 
which he obtained his medical degree in 1880. 
Immediately after graduating he established 
himself in practice in Camden, and has since 
continued it. 

C. J. Cooper was born in Langhorne, 
Bucks County, Pa., October 14, 1843. He 
began the study of medicine with Dr. H. F. 
Hunt, entered Hahnemann Medical College 
in 1866,, was graduated in 1868, began prac- 
tice in Salem, N. J., and in the fall of 1869 
moved to Camden, where he has since prac- 
ticed with success. 

Theodore S. Williams, a native of 
Brewer, Me., was born November 27, 1815; 
studied medicine with Dr. Caleb Swan, of 
Easton, Mass. ; attended medical lectures at 
Dartmouth College in 1840, under Dr. O. 



304 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



W. Holmes, and Professor Benjamiu Silli- 
nian, the next year, at Bowdoiu College, in 
Maine. After a few years of travel he took 
his medical degree, and in July, 1844, located 
in Germantown, Pa., and in 1850 entered 
Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, 
and from that time was a follower of the 
Hahnemann school of medicine, and prac- 
ticed in Germantown from 1844 to 1870, and 
then retired from regular practice and re- 
moved to Haddonfield, where he still lives. 
His sou, Franklin E., was born at German- 
town May 2, 1857. He entered tlie Uuivei-sity 
of Penn.sylvania in June, 1873. After two 
years' course in the Scientific Department he 
entered the Medical Dej)artment and received 
his degree in March, 1878. In the same 
year he took a post-graduate course at 
Hahnemann Medical College of Philadel- 
phia, and was graduated in March, 1879. 
He began and has since practiced in Had- 
donfield. 

J. D. Lecknek was born in Philadelphia 
May 9, 1853; studied medicine with Dr. 
Henry N. Martin, entered Hahnemann Med- 
ical College in 1871, and completed the 
course, receiving his degree in March, 1873; 
began practice in Philadelphia, and, in 1876, 
came to Camden. He is president of the 
Board of Health of the city of Camden, and 
one of the stalf of the Homix'opathic Hospital 
of Camden. 

Anna E. GrviFFiTii was born in 1830 in 
Elizabeth, N. J.; studied medicine with Dr. 
iS. A. Burnett, of New York City, and, in 
1871, entered the Women's Medical College 
of New York ( Hty, a homoeopathic in.stitutiou ; 
was graduated in March, 1874; practiced in 
New York City one year, and then removed 
to Camden to continue in her profession. 

Wiijjs H. Hi'XT, a native of Providence, 
Rhode Island, and brother of H. F. Hunt, of 
Camden, was born April 19, 1855. He be- 
gan the study of medicine with Dr. Elmer 
Eddy, of Providence, and, in 1874, entered 
JIarvard Medical School, and was graduated 



in June, 1877, with a view of following the 
practice of the allopathic school of medicine. 
In the fall of 1877 he came to Philadelphia, 
entered Hahnemann Medical College and 
studied one year, and, by reason of ill health, 
withdrew. In 1879 he began practice in 
Camden, and still continues. 

Edgar B. Sharp was born at Long-a- 
Coming (now Berlin), Camden County, N. J., 
October 21, 1855 ; was a student with Pro- 
fes.sor A. R. Thomas, of Philadelphia ; at- 
tended tiie lectures of Hahnemann ]\Iedical 
College, of Philadelphia, graduated March 
9, 1870 ; now practicing at Westmont, 
Camden County, N. J. 

E. M. Howard, is a native of Barry, 
Mass., where he was born September 11, 
1848. He began the study of medicine at 
home, in 1868, with Dr. A. E. Kemp, and 
in 1870 entered Cornell University, Ithaca, 
N. Y., and took a special preparative couree 
in comparative anatomy, under Professor 
Burt (J. Wilder; was graduated in 1873, and 
ill 1874 entered Hahnemann Medical Col- 
lege, Philadelphia, from which he obtained 
his medical degree in 1877, and then located 
in Camden. He was appointed lecturer on 
botany in the Hahnemann Medical College 
in 1878, on pharmacy in 1881 and on toxi- 
cology in 1886, and still continues in these 
departments. 

Eli Tullis was born in Cumberland 
County, N. J., April 10, 1838. He entered 
Halmemann Medical College in the fall of 
1875, and was graduated in March, 1879, 
and began practice in Camden. 

William G. DrBois was born in Clayton 
township, Gloucester County, N. J., August 
17, 1858, and received his preliminary edu- 
cation under private tutors at home. He 
began the study of medicine under Dr. Wal- 
lace McGeorge, of Woodbury, and entered 
the Hahnemann Medical College, Philadel- 
phia, from which he was graduated in I88t1. 
He has since been engaged in the practice of 
his protession in Gloucester. 



A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 



305 



Silas H. Quint was born in Philadelpliia 
December -i, 1S49 ; began the study of lued- 
icine in 1870 witii Dr. Samuel Carles, and 
entered Hahnemann Medical College, grad- 
uating March 10, 1873. In 1874 he opened 
an office in Camden. He is secretary of the 
board of directors of the Homceopathic Hos- 
pital and Dispensary of Camden. 

R. H. Peacock was born in Camden Feb- 
ruary 5, 1858 ; studied medicine with Dr. M. 
F. Middleton, and, iu 1878, entered Hahne- 
mann Medical C/oUege, from which he was 
graduated in March, 1881. He began prac- 
tice in Camden, and in April, 1883, removed 
to Berlin, wliere he is now in practice. 

Georoe D. AVoodwari), a native of Cam- 
den, was born May 28, 1860. He began the 
study of medicine with Dr. H. F. Hunt in 
1881, and the same year entered Hahnemann 
Medical College, and was graduated in March, 
1884. He began practice in Belair, Harford 
County, Md., and removed to Camden April 
1, 1886. 

T. Walter Gardiner is a native of Phil- 
adelphia, where he was born October 20, 1 8/34. 
He attended the school at A\'^oodl)ury and the 
South Jersey In.stitute, at Bridgeton, N.J. He 
began his medical studies in Philadelphia and 
entered the Hahnemann Medical College in 
1871, from which institution he was gradu- 
ated in 1875. Dr. Gardiner first settled iu 
Ulster County, N. Y., remaining there for 
five yciirs, when he removed to Pottstown. 
In December, 1883, he came to Gloucester 
City, where he is now engaged in practice. 

Geor(;e S. F. Pfeipfer, a native of 
Worms, Germany, was born September 9, 
1806. He studied medicine under Baron 
Von Liebig and Von Ritger, in Strasburg 
and Giessen, after which he entered the Hol- 
land navy as assistant surgeon. He was 
captured oiFthe coast of ^Vlgiers and retained 
a prisoner, and he was in charge of the 
grounds and gardens of the Sultan of Tui-- 
key, and there introduced many new plants. 
He was liberated by the French about 1830, 



and returned to Germany. His long absence 
prevented his return to the practice of his 
profession without a thorough study and ex- 
amination, according to German, and he came 
to America in 1833, where he formed the 
acquaintance with Dr. C. F. Herring and 
others of the Hahnemann .school of practice. 
In 1834 he began honKeopathic practice, first 
in Baltimore, later iu Adams C^ounty, Pa., 
(iermantown and Philadelphia. In 1854 he 
moved to Camden, where he remained until 
1862, during a part of which time he was a 
professor in the Penn Medical College. He 
then entered the regular army and remained 
in its service until 1868, and returned to 
Camden, resumed practice and continued un- 
til his death, November 29, 1883. 

Frederick P. Pfeiffer, .son of Dr. 
George S. F. Pfeiffer, was born in Philadel- 
phia June 25, 1841. He studied medicine 
with his father, and in 1861 entered the Penn 
Medical University, from which he was grad- 
uated in March, 1863. While engaged in 
his studies he entered the United States 
army as a medical cadet, and was stationed 
iu a hospital in West Philadelphia. After 
his graduation he was ajjpointed as.sistant 
medical director under Frederick G. Snell- 
ing. In 1864 he was transferred to the 
hospital, and later to Louisiana, and on May 
31, 1865, left the service and came to Cam- 
den and began the practice in which he is 
now engaged. On the Pith of April, 1870, 
he became a member of the New Jersey State 
Hom(eopathic' Medical Society. 

George R. Fortiner, a native of Cam- 
den, was born November 14, 1842; studied 
medicine with Dr. A. C. Haines, of Colum- 
i)us, N. J., and in the fall of 1876 entered 
Penn Medical University, at Philadelphia, 
from which he was graduated in March, 1879. 
Mrs. Ida Fortiner, his wife, was born De- 
cember 28, 1848, at Columbus, and studied 
medicine with her father, entered college with 
her husband and graduated at the same time. 
They settled, alter graduating, at Camden, 



306 



HISTORY OF 0AMDP:N COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



where they yet reside aud practice. He is a 
member of the Eclectic State Society of New 
Jersey. They practice largely in accordance 
with the principle of homreopathy. 

West Jersey Homieopathic Medicai, 
Society. — Pursuant to a call issued by Wal- 
lace McGeorge, M.D., of Hightstown ; Hen- 
ry F. Hunt, M.D., of Camden; N. Kirk- 
patrick, jNI.D., of Burlington ; R. M. Wilk- 
inson, M.D., of Trenton ; and W. Ward, 
M.D., of Mount Holly, the honid'opathic phy- 
sicians of South and West Jersey met in 
Camden, on May 19, 1869, and organized the 
Western District Homa?opathic Medical So- 
ciety of New Jersey. The following officers 
. were elected, and bureaus appointed : Presi- 
dent, D. R. Gardiner, M.D., Woodbury ; 
Vice-President, R. M. Wilkinson, M.D., 
Trenton; Secretary, Wallace McGeorge, M.D., 
Hightstown ; and Treasurer, J. G. Streets, 
M.D., Bridgeton ; Censors, Drs. Hunt, Ma- 
lin and Cooper ; Bureau of 01)stetrics, Drs. 
Wilkinson, Malin and Bancroft ; Surgery, 
Drs. ]\Iiddleton, Cooper and Austin; Prac- 
tice, Drs. Hunt, Brown aud Streets ; ^Materia 
Medica, Drs. Kilpatrick, Allen aud Phillips. 
The society meets quarterly in Camden, and 
during the second year changed its name to 
West Jersey Hom<i'opathic Medical Society, 
under which name it still works. The West 
Jersey Society has been a useful adjunct to 
the State Society, and has held its meetings 
regularly in Camden since its organization. 
Drs. D. R. Gardiner, R. M. Wilkinson, H. 
F. Hunt, D. E. Gardiner, E. R. Tuller, N. 
Kirkpatrick, M. B. Tuller and Isaac Cooper 
have been president at diiferent times, and 
not a meeting has elapsed in all this time in 
which one or moi'e papers have not been pre- 
sented and read before the society. 

Dr. McGeorge served as secretary in 1869. 
He was followed in 1870 by Dr. Isaac 
Cooper, of Trenton. Dr. McGeorge was 
re-elected in 1871 and served until 1876, 
when M. B. Fuller, of Vineland, was elect- 
ed. Dr. McGeorge was re-elected in 1877 



and served continuously until 1880, when 
Dr. H. S. Quint, of Camden, was chosen. 
In 1881 R. H. Peacock was made secretary, 
serving until May, 1884, when he was fol- 
lowed by E. M. Howard, of Camden, who 
has held the position till the present time. 

The secretary's report for 1886 gave the 
membership of the society as forty-two. Three 
new members have since been added, making 
the present membership forty-five. Average 
attendance at each meeting, fourteen and 
three-(piarters (1885-86). The tangible re- 
sult of the work of the society is the yearly 
production of from ten to fifteen scientific 
papers, most of which are eagerly sought for 
publication in the medical journals. The 
society has always taken the keenest interest 
in all questions of public hygiene and sani- 
tation, and has taken pains to have import- 
ant papers upon such subjects printed in 
suitable form, generally in local papers, and 
paid for their wide distribution among the 
classes most needing education on such sub- 
jects, in the city and county. 

The physicians of Camden were the most 
active in organizing the New Jersey State 
Homoeopathic Society and in securing a lib- 
eral charter, granting to honKPopathic physi- 
cians all rights and privileges of other schools 
of medicine. This has proven to be of im- 
raen.se value to physicians of all parts of the 
State, securing them proper recognition be- 
fore the laws of the State. Dr. H. F. Hunt, 
of Camden, was elected president in 1876. 
The physicians of Camden have always been 
ready to contribute valuable papers on medi- 
cal subjects at the meetings of the society, 
and they are justly esteemed and appreciated 
for their energy in advancing the interests of 
homojopathy. Dr. E. M. Howard, of Cam- 
den, was elected president of the society in 
1885. 

Following are the officers of the society 
for 1886-87 : 

President, Isaac Cooper, M.D., of Trenton. 
\'ice-President, Eli Tullis, M.D., of Camden. 



A HISTORY OF MEDICINP] Ai\P MEDTPAL MEN. 



307 



Treasurer, Anna E. Griffith, M.D., of Cam- 
den. Secretary, E. M. Howard, M.D., of 
Camden. Board of Censors : J. G. Streets, 
M.D., of Bridgeton ; P. W. Andrews, M.D., 
of Camden; F. E. Williams, M.D., of 
Haddonfield. Executive Committee: W. Mc- 
George, M.D., of Woodbury ; J. G. Streets, 
M.D., of Bridgeton ; E. M. Howartl, M.D., 
of Camden. 

Camden HoMa:oPATHi( Hosimtal and 
Dlspexsary. — The great need of a hospital 
in the city led the homoeopathic physicians 
and the adherents of that school of practice 
to unite in organizing for that purpose. 
Several preliminary meetings were held, and 
on January .30, 1885, at a meeting held in 
Association Hall, au organization was per- 
fected by the adoption of a constitution and 
the election of officers, as follows : Presi- 
dent, E. A. Armstrong ; First Vice-Presi- 
dent, James M. Stradling; Second Vice- 
President, B. F. Sutton ; Secretary, S. H. 
(r^uint; Treasurer, Charles Watson. 

Application was made for a charter, which 
was granted and approved by the Governor 
February 5, 1885. The building on the 
northeast corner of Fourth and Arch was 
rented and fitted for hospital purposes, witli 
two wards (male and female), with two beds 
each, and the hospital and dispensary was 
opened for use on the 2d of March, 1885. 
The dispensary is open twice a day (except 
Sundays), and is attended by the lionKcopathic 
physicians of Camden. The report of the 
hospital and dispensary from March 2, 1885, 
to December 131st, of the same year, shows 
that in the dispensary one thousand three 
hundred and twenty-one new cases were 
treated, sixteen hundred and seventy-seven 
persons renewed prescriptions, and in the 
hospital one hundred and four surgical and 
ten medical patients have been received and 
cared for, and forty surgical ojjerations have 
been performed. The institution is depend- 
ent entirely upon ■ voluntary subscription 
for support. It is under the care of thirty 



directors, and a board of thii-ty lady man- 
agers, of whom Mrs. Northrup is president. 

This institution, being tiie only place at pre- 
sent open, in Camden for the care of the sick 
and injured, has been crowded from its start. 
Its management has been obliged to refuse so 
many applicatii)us for aid, that for the past 
year they have been seriously considering the 
question of the erection of a large and suit- 
able building. 

The following is the medical staff of the 
hospital for the year 188(j : Surgeons, E. M. 
Hf)ward, M.D., M. F. Middleton, M.D., 
S. H. Quint, M.I)., I. I). Leckner, M.D., 
(t. D. Woodward, M.I)., each serving one 
month at a time in rotation; Consulting Sur- 
geon, W. H. Van Lennep, M.I). ; Physicians, 
J. K. Bryant, Anna E. (Griffith, P. W. An- 
drews, Eli Tullis, J. R. Blackwood, serving 
also in rotation one month each ; Matron, 
Mrs. W. H. Wheaton. 

The dispensary work is done by different 
physicians voluntarily agreeing to fill cer- 
tain hours for a month at a time. 

DENTliSTKY. 

Probably no other profession has made such 
rapid progress during the last half-century 
as dentistry. Prior to that period the study 
and care of the teeth were limited to those 
who made the study of anatomy and physi- 
ology a specialty, and to the members of the 
medical profession, very much as blood-let- 
ting and tooth-drawing were once included 
among the duties of the barber. Many per- 
sons are still living who can distinctly re- 
member when the scalpel and forceps were 
as necessary instruments in a barber-shop as 
a pair of shears or a razor. 

The first dental college in the world was 
established at Baltimore in the year 1839. 
Since that time dentistry has been studied as 
a science and practiced as au art, and has de- 
veloped until it now ranks among the most 
useful of the professions. It includes within 
its ranks representative men of education. 



308 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



culture and high social .staudiug. The de- 
velopment of tlie science has been rapid, and 
a profession that is the offspring of the 
nineteentii century has not proven tenacious 
of old ideas, nor unfitted itself for growth 
and improvement by a blind devotion to the 
errors of tlie past. 

The most rapid improvement has been 
made in operative dentistry, of which there 
has been almost an entire revolution. The 
highest point at first attainable was to fill 
such teeth as were slightly decayed, whereas, 
by the aid of the various improved dental 
instruraents, together with the medicinal 
treatment of the teeth, the profession is not 
only enabled to preserve teeth slightly de- 
cayed, but to restore aud protect them for 
many years. The early practice advocated 
smooth-pointed instruments for tilling, and 
non-cohesive gold, whereas .serrated instru- 
ments and cohesive gold are now I'ecognized 
as most expedient. 

Artificial teeth were in use as early as 
Washington's time, and he himself is alleged 
to have worn them ; but at that early day 
they were either carved out of solid pieces of 
ivory, which involved great labor and ex- 
pense, or were human teeth attached to gold 
plates. Aaron Burr is said to have worn 
teeth of the kind last mentioned. The later 
improvements made in this direction, and 
their introduction into general use, have 
added largely to both the attractions and 
difficulties of the profession, aud drawn to it 
many possessed of superior mechanical skill. 
Formerly the plates in which the teeth are 
set were made only of gold and silver or 
carved out of ivory, which necessarily made 
them both heavy and costly, whereas now, 
plates are made not only of gold and silver, 
but also of platinum, rubber and celluloid. 
Rubber plates were not introduced until 
about 1854, and celluloid much more recently. 
The filling of artificial teeth is also a leading 
branch of the art, requiring both skill, judg- 
ment and delicacy, when jiroperly done. 



The dentists of the city and county of 
Camden are representative men of their pro- 
fession, and tho.se who have a reputation, even 
beyond the limits of the county, are the fol- 
lowing: : 



•lohn B. Wood.i 
Henry F. Chew. 
Howard A. Miner. 
William Blanc. 
Alphonso Irwin, 
.lames Jennett. 



Wm. W. Morgan. 
A. E. Street. 
Alexander H. Titus. 
Charles P. Tuttle. 
Stephen G. Wallace. 
Barzillai R. We.st. 



CHAPTER XV. 

EDUCATION. 
I!Y r. i;. BRACE, COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT. 

Early Schools and Teachers. — The 
history of education in Camden County com- 
mences with its first permanent settlement, 
made by a company of Irish Friends in the 
year 1682. Among these settlers was Thomas 
Sharp, a young mau who was a surveyor and 
conveyancer. The tract was surveyed and 
several acres were set apart for a meeting- 
house and school-house, which was soon af- 
terwards built, thus securing the permanency 
aud good character of the community. 
Thomas Sharp was chosen the first teacher 
in this new .settlement. He was a man of 
good education, well versed in arithmetic, 
surveying, astronomy and literature. He 
calculated the phases of the moon and the 
tides for the little community and made an 
almanac. Besides this, he was something of 
a poet and, in 1719, wrote a description of 
the settlement and its progress in verse. 
The original copy in his handwriting is in 
the possession of Judge Clement, of Haddon- 
field, to whom the writer is greatly indebted 
for much valuable information herein given. 
Thomas Sharp, the first teacher in what is 
now Camden County, was a man of culture 
and influence, and as such, helped to form a 
character for diligence, love of knowledge 
and lofty attainments on the part of his pu- 



EDUCATION. 



309 



pils. He was the first clerk nl' Old Newton 
township and was a member of" the Legisla- 
ture in 1685, and was appointed Judge of the 
courts in 1700. He was clerk of the 
Yearly Meeting of Friends at the time of 
the dispute between George Keith and the 
Friends in Xew Jersey, about 1(391, and in 
1686 he laid out the city of Gloucester. He 
died in 1729. 

The school-house was built near the Old 
Newton Meeting-house, opposite the present 
Champion School-house, in Disti'ict No. 10. 
It was constructed of logs, was quite small 
and low and had a clay floor. Most likely 
it had only one window, containing four 
lights, bull's-eye glass. Here was the begin- 
ning of the educational work in C'amden 
County. Although the house and appli- 
ances were rough and very humble, the work 
done was good. The truth was taught then 
that it is not beautiful and costly buildings, 
supplied with the very best appliances, that 
produce the best results, but the living, earn- 
est man that presides there. 

We cannot but admire the spirit of these 
early settlers, who, in the very beginning of 
their settlement, while they were engaged in 
the hard work of subduing the forest and 
breaking up the virgin soil, gave earnest atten- 
tion to necessary provision both for religion 
and education. 

In 1715 the second school was commenced 
near Haddonfield, in the home of Jonathan 
Bolton and Hannah, his wife. In this year 
Robert ^Lontgomery and Sarah, his wife, a 
daughter of Henry Stacy, removed from 
Monmouth County to a tract of land about 
one mile west of Haddonfield, owned i)y 
Sarah's father, and settled thereon. 

In the same year they conveyed to Jona- 
than Bolton and Hannah, his wife, forty 
acres of land during their lives and the life 
of the survivor, in consideration of their pay- 
ing one ear of Indian corn annually, and 
that the said Hannah would teach, or cause 
to be taught, the children of the said Robert 
36 



and Sarah, or any other child that may hap- 
pen in their family, to read English and do 
seamstry work. These forty acres were on 
or near the farm now owned by William H. 
Nicholson, and here was the second institu- 
tion of learning in Camden County. 

About 1720 the Friends built a meeting- 
house at Haddonfield, and established a 
school there which has been maintained with 
varied success ever since. In 1750 a school- 
house, sixteen feet square, was built of cedar 
logs at Ellisburg. The building, slightly 
altered, is still standing. In 1776 it was 
weather-boarded up and down and plastered 
inside. Nothing is known of the first teach- 
ers of this place. 

About 1750, or earlier, a school was es- 
tablished in Blackwood. A large settlement 
of Scotch-Irish Presbyterians had been made 
in the vicinity, and a fulling-mill erected 
about 1720. A tombstone in the old grave- 
yard near the town has a record of the death 
of David Wainwright, February 11, 1720. 
The first school-house was standing in 1800, 
near the Presbyterian Church, which was 
built in 1751. The custom of Presbyterians, 
as well as Friends, was to put up houses of 
worship and school-houses as soon as they 
settled in any locality, and this accounts for 
the prosperity and permanency of the settle- 
ments founded by them. 

The early teachers of whom informa- 
tion can be obtained were Joseph Thack- 
ara, John C. Thackara, Thomas Thackara 
and Isaac Hiuchman. The Thackaras were 
the descendants of that Thomas Thackara 
who belonged to the original company that 
settled on the banks of Newton Creek. Thus 
the Presbyterians seemed to have gone to the 
Friends for instructors. John Dunlevy 
taught here in the beginning of this century. 
He was the first teacher in several other dis- 
tricts, and was said to have been a man of 
good education. The school in winter-time 
was only for large scholars, and in suninicr- 
time for small ones. 



310 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



In 1762 (April 15th) Rev. John Erainerd, 
of missionary fame, one of the trustees of 
Princeton College, who lived at Brotherton, 
an Indian village in Burlington County, 
rode seventeen miles from his home to a 
small village, then called Long-a-Coming, now 
Berlin, and took up a subscription to build a 
meeting-hou.se for the Presbyterian congre- 
gation, which was erected in the fall of the 
year. This was near the head of the Great 
Egg Harbor River, on the ground where 
what was called the Thorn School-house (now 
a chapel for the Berlin Cemetery) stood. 
Near this meeting-house a school-house was 
built, but it was removed about 1800, as up 
to 1833 the old church building was u.sed for 
church and school. The deed of the lot, 
containing four acres, on which the church 
had already been built, was given by Samuel 
Scull and Ruth, his wife, September 18, 1766, 
to Michael Fisher, David Roe, Peter Chees- 
man, Northrop Marple and Henry Thorn. 

In 1771 the people near New Freedom 
established a school in a log building twenty 
by sixteen feet, and Thomas Shinn was the 
fir.st teacher. 

Gloucester City must have had a school- 
hou.se before the year 1700, inasmuch as it 
was the county-seat of Gloucester County 
from 1689 to 1787, but we have no account 
of it, unless an old school-house of cedar 
logs, sixteen feet square, located below Mar- 
ket Street, near the present line of the West 
Jersey Railroad, was the first one. The first 
teacher known was a man called Master 
Johnson, a graduate of one of the English 
universities. So well were the people pleased 
with him that they gave him a year's board 
gratis to induce him to remain. Another nf 
the early teachers in Gloucester was Richard 
Snowdon, an Englishman, born at Poule- 
fract, Yorkshire, April 1.5, 1753, who came 
to America with his parents and settled in 
Burlington, in this State. He was first a 
tutor in the family of John Hoskins, at Bur- 
lington, and then a tutor in the family of 



Joseph Roberts, near Haddonfield. About 
1 780 he took charge of the Friends' school 
at Haddonfield, and taught there until about 
1792, when he established a school at 
Gloucester. How long he remained at 
Gloucester is not known. While there he 
wrote a "History of the American Revolu- 
tion " in the style of the holy Scriptures. In 
1795 he published ''The Coiumbiad," a 
poem, upon the same subject. In 1805 he 
wrote a " History of America," from its dis- 
covery to the death of General Washington. 
He died in Philadelphia March 31, 1825. 

In 1782 an acre of land, as a site for a 
school-house, was .sold by John I]staugh 
Hopkins, of Haddonfield, to John (Jill, 
.Jacob Clement, Edward Gibbs, Jo.seph Lip- 
pincott, John Clement and Thomas Redman, 
of the Society of Friends. 

At a se.ssion of a meeting of Friends, held 
at Salem, with which Haddonfield Meet- 
ing was connected, in the year 1790, the 
17th day of the Fifth Month, a committee, 
appointed at a previous meeting, reported 
that it would be well to raise funds in the 
respective Monthly Meetings, to be put out at 
interest, and the interest to be applied, under 
the care of judicious trustees, for the school- 
ing of poor children of white and of colored 
parents. 

(^uitea large amcjunt was given by the 
liberal Friends of Haddonfield and vicinity 
for this object, — six hundred and thirty-five 
pounds, six shillings, equal to two thousaud 
five hundred and forty-one dollars. Among 
the donors are the names of men whose de- 
scendants occupy prominent and honorable 
positions in Camden County to-day — Gill, 
Burrongh, Glover, Stokes, Hopkins, Clem- 
ent, Tomlinsou, Thorn, Githens, Lippincott, 
Albert.son, Hillman, Nicholson, Jennings, 
Redman, Mickle, Kaighn and Thonip.son. 
The school thus sustained, to whose begin- 
ning reference has been already made, has 
continued to be an active force in educa- 
tional work in Haddonfield. 



EDUCATION. 



311 



Tlie people of Union District, No. 3, be- 
gan their educational work in 17!)5. A lot 
was sold by Thomas Burrougii to Thomas 
Burrough, Isaac Fish and Isaac Morgan, in 
trust for school purposes, on which a stone 
school-house, twenty-eight feet long by twen- 
ty-four feet wide, was built. It was one 
story high and was used as a school-house 
until replaced by anew one, in 1871. The 
money to build the house was raised by sub 
scriptiou and amounted to £238 8s. -ihd. One 
of the items of expense was one and one-half 
gallons of rum. On account of the depreci- 
ation of the colonial notes, the shilling was 
worth thirteen and one-third cents in New 
Jersey, and the pound two and two-thirds 
dollars. The first teacher in this school was 
John Dunlevy, a native of Ireland and a 
man of culture, who continued in the profes- 
sion until about 1830. His successor was 
John Ward, an American, also a ripe scholar. 
He published "Tiie Farmers' Almanac," 
which was much sought after. The floor of 
the old school-house was terraced, there be- 
ing three terraces, the first, about twelve feet 
from the dooi-, being raised nine inches, and 
each succeeding one raised about the .same 
height. At the back of the room, where the 
larger scholars stood, their heads were very 
close to the ceiling. This description will 
also serve for the old Greenville school-house, 
on the Marlton turnpike, about two and a 
half miles from Camden. 

Prior to 1800 a school was kept at Chews 
Landing, in a log dwelling-house in a field 
opposite the tavern, where John Connor 
taught for many years. He was well edu- 
cated, a first-class teacher and was considered 
one of the be.st penmen in his day. He was 
also a surveyor, but he indulged in strong- 
drink and finally became worthless. He 
was the first teacher in a frame school-house 
built by Friends, in Chews Landing, near 
what is called " the Floodgates," on the 
north branch of Timber Creek, in 1804. The 
size of the house was thirty-six by twenty- 



four feet. It was destroyed by fire in 1818. 
About 1800 the Friends put up a frame 
building near a .settlement called New Hope- 
well, on tiie old Egg Harbor road, about 
two miles south of New Freedom, accommo- 
dating the children in the districts now 
called Tansboro' and Pump Branch. Its 
size was thirty-six by eighteen feet. The 
first teacher was John Shinn, a preacher in 
the Society of Friends. 

The history of education down to the present 
century has thus tar been traced. The work 
done by the first settlers is worthy of the highest 
praise. While they were clearing oifthe land 
and getting it ready for cultivation, even before 
it was in a condition to support them, they 
built houses of worship and school-houses, 
knowing that it was only by the maintenance 
of religion and education that true prosjierity 
and real permanence could be given to the 
community. The best educated men were 
selected to teach, and the land on which the 
school-houses were built was given for a 
nominal consideration. Early settlers per- 
ceived that their property would be greatly 
increased in value on account of the prox- 
imity of a school. 

The credit of commencing and continuing 
the schools is due mainly to the Friends. 
What education is able to accomplish may be 
learned from them. It has made them a 
cla.ss of influential and worthy citizens. No 
class of people has been or is better educated 
than the Friends, and no class is mo)-e 
earnest and indu.strious, hard-working citi- 
zens. It can be said that they have no poor, 
at least no paupers. The same can be .said 
of every well educated community in this 
country and in Europe. 

Wherever members of the Presbyterian 
Church settled, there also the church and the 
school-house were erected, and very gener- 
ally the mini.ster acted as .school-teacher, be- 
sides attending to his ministerial duties. 

The schools mentioned, except that of the 
Friends at Haddoufield, were pay schools. 



312 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



The population of the territory now em- 
braced in Camden County in 1800 was 
about four thousand, and the proportion of 
schools to the population was one to every 
four hundred inhabitants. If the number of 
children was one-fourth the population, then 
there was a school for every one hundred 
children of school age, about the same pro- 
portion as at the present time. 

In 1803, in Greenville District, No. 6, 
Joseph Morgan, for five shillings, sold one- 
half acre to Joseph Champion, Esq., Isaac 
Thorn, Elizabeth Kay, Benjamin Morgan, 
Joseph Burrough, Jr., Marmaduke Shivers, 
Nathaniel Barton, Jolni Rudderow, Thomas 
Curtis, Jacob Evaul, Frederic Plum and 
Benjamin Archer. On this land a school- 
house was built, twenty-seven feet by twenty 
feet, M'ith the ceiling twelve feet high. It 
was used seventy-two years. In 1810 a 
school-house was built in Horner District, 
No. 9, near the road leading from Haddon- 
field to Glendalc, on land owned by Jacob 
Horner. The frame was oak and weather- 
boards cedar. It was twenty-two by eighteen 
feet, with a ceiling eight feet high, and the 
sides were lined with bricks. It had six 
windows, each containing twelve panes of 
glass, eight by ten inches. The first teacher 
was John C. Thackara; the next, John Dun- 
levy ; John Stafford, a native of England, 
also taught here. He was one of Washing- 
ton's body-guard during the Revolution, 
and at the battle of Germantown was thrown 
from his horse and seriously injured. He 
recovered from his injury and lived to be a 
very old man. In 1872 the house was re- 
built on a lot purchased of Montgomery 
Stafford. 

In 1809 the first public school-house was 
built in Haddonfield. William Estaugh 
Hopkins gave twenty-seven hundredths of 
an acre to John Clement, Bowman Hendry, 
John Roberts, Turner Risdon, Joseph C. 
Elfreth and John Thompson, trustees of 
Haddonfield Grove School for the purpose 



of building a school-house, which wiis also 
used as a place of religious worship. In this 
building the Baptist, the Methodist Episco- 
pal, the Protestant Episcopal and the Pres- 
byterian churches of the town originated. 
It has been in constant use since it was built. 
Since the erection of the beautiful and com- 
modious school-house, situated on Chestnut 
Street, the old house has been used by the 
school for colored children. 

Prior to 1811 a frame school-house was 
built in Clementon District, of which no 
records could be found. It stood on what is 
called the Stafford road, and was torn down 
in 1811. Another one was built on the road 
leading from White Horse (now Kirkwood) 
to Clementon the same year. Its size was 
thirty feet long and twenty-two wide, the 
ceiling thirteen feet high. It still does ser- 
vice in the cause of education. The ground 
on which it stands, consisting of one acre 
and one rod, was given by Thomas Bran- 
son to William Rudderow, Joseph Crawford, 
Samuel Chambers, Ephraim Hillman, Joseph 
Dill, Benjamin Tomlinson, John Thorn and 
William Branson as trustees for the nominal 
sum of one dollar. The first teachers in this 
school-hou.se were John Stafford and William 
Thorn. The inhabitants in the vicinity of 
Rosendale, living along the Burlington 
turnpike, two miles from Camden, about 
1816, built a log house twenty- four by 
twenty-two feet, with the ceiling seven feet 
high. It stood in the grove opposite the 
jiresent school-house and was called the Bald- 
win School. The teachers were a woman and 
her daughter from Philadeljihia, who made 
the school-house their home. In this house 
Abel Curtis and Edward Ewbanks taught. 
In 1827 the building fell down and there 
was no school in the district until 1838 ; the 
children in the mean time went to Greenville 
School. In 1820 a little square school-house 
was built in Pump Branch District, No. 37, 
near Blue Anchor, which was used until 1874, 
when another and a very superior hou.se was 



EDUCATION. 



313 



built about three-quarters of a mile from the 
old site. In 1825 the first school-house was 
built at Mount Ephraiin. It was a frame 
building about twenty feet square. Mickle 
Clement was the first teacher. School was held 
in it until 1859, when the present building was 
put up. The people of Rowandtowu bought 
half an acre for one dollar from Jacob Cle- 
ment, in 1828, on the Haddonfield and Cam- 
den road, about two miles from Haddonfield. 
It was a frame building, the sides lined with 
brick and plastered, and ceiled above. It 
was twenty-four by twenty feet, the ceiling 
eight and a half feet high. It was used forty- 
four years, although the number of children 
in the district had increased daring that time 
to one hundred and forty. For many years 
it was the custom to have a male teacher in 
the winter and a female in the summer. This 
had become a very general practice about 
that time, and was continued until about 
1870 in many of the districts, to the very 
great injury of the schools. Dayton Du- 
vall was the first male teacher and Ann 
Bassett the first female teacher. A brick 
school-house, octagonal in shape, was built 
in Westville District, No. 14, since set 
over to Gloucester County and another 
house built. School had been held in a 
log tenant-house before this, about three 
months each winter. The octagonal building 
stood until 1873, when it was demolished, 
and a neat two-story frame building erected 
on its site. 

The first school in Winslow District was 
commenced in 1831 in a log house. The 
next year a frame house was built for the 
joint use of the Methodist Church and the 
school. The same building, enlarged, is .still 
used as a school-house. Deborah Hunt was 
the first teacher. In 1806, a school-house 
was built at Ellisburg, by subscription, and 
in 1831 Joseph Ellis gave half an acre "to 
the inhabitants of the town of Waterford for 
the establishment of a good school for tiie edu- 
cation of the children of the inhabitants of 



Ellisburg and vicinity with competent teach- 
ers." The school was to be "for the im- 
provement of the moral and literary character 
of the youth and the more general diffusion 
of science." On this lot a brick house was 
built and used both as a school-house and 
hall for elections and town-meetings. An- 
other story has been added to it. Near Ellis- 
burg, there stood in former years a house 
known as Murrell's Scliool-hou.'^e, but the 
exact site is not known. 

The inhabitants of Jackson District built 
their first .school-hou,se in 1833, on the road 
leading from Jackson to Hay's mill, but in 
1865 they moved it to the village of Jackson 
and rebuilt it. In 1838 two .school-houses 
were built, one in Gibbsboro' District and 
the other at Sicklerville. One acre at Gibbs- 
boro' was conveyed by William Wharton to 
Ahab Fowler, Jo.seph Graisbury and Wash- 
ington Schlosser for school purposes. It was 
made a present to the district by Mr. Whar- 
ton. Eliza Ann Dillon was the first teacher. 
The people of Sicklerville erected their school- 
house near where the Methodist Church now 
stauds, but afterwards removed it to near the 
site of the present school-house, built in 1867. 
Paul H. Sickler was the first teacher. 

In 184:0 the inhabitants of Spring Mills, 
thinking that the Blackwoodtown school was 
too far from them, determined to have one 
for themselves. A frame house was built 
for that purpose by the liberality of the pi-o- 
prietors of Spring Mills Fork Work.s, and 
Amanda Stevens was employed as the first 
teacher. So good was the school that many 
of the children in Blackwoodtown walked to 
it, a distance of one and a half miles. In 
1844 three school-houses were opened for 
their appropriate work, — one in Laurel Mill 
District, one in Mechanicsville, No. 20, and 
one in Glendale, No. 26. John P. Harker 
was the first teacher. When the house was 
built, doubtless by the liberality of Ephraim 
Tomlinson, it was sold to the district by Mr. 
Tomlinson in 1874, when it was repaired. A 



314 



HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



frame school-house was built in Mechanics- 
ville District, on the Blackwoodtown turn- 
pike, which was used until 1850, when another 
one, twenty-three feet long by seventeen feet 
wide, was erected on the road leading to Al- 
monessen. Rev. R. J. Burt, a graduate of 
Princeton College, was the first teacher. A 
small frame building was put up in Glendale 
District, near Ashland Station, and was used 
until 1855, when the Methodists built a 
church at Glendale village, and the inhabi- 
tants contributed towards it* erection, with 
the understanding that the basement should 
be used for school purposes. It has so V)een 
used since it was built. 

During the period from 1800 to 1846 
there seems to have been a decline in the 
character of the schools. While some of the 
teachers employed were capable men and 
women, most of them were able to give in- 
struction only in the merest elements of the 
ordinary branches. As a general thing, the 
only branches taught were spelling, reading, 
writing and arithmetic. The text-books 
most in use were Comly's Spelling-Book, tlie 
Introduction to the English Reader, the Eng- 
lish Reader and Sequel, and Pike's or Rose's 
Arithmetic. Any one who went as far as 
the " rule of three " in arithmetic was con- 
sidered a well-educated man. This continued 
the standard in many of the districts until 
about 1870. 

The pupils in the schools in those days 
were not classified except in reading and in 
spelling, and the classes in i-eading were so 
numerous that almost the whole forenoon was 
occupied in hearing them. The schools were 
kept open three months in some places 
and the whole year in others, the average time 
being about six months. All the schools 
were pay-schools, and this feature necessarily 
prevented poor people from sending their 
children. The cost was about three cents 
per day for each pupil. The mode of cor- 
rection was universally with the rod. "Reg- 
ular fights would sometimes take place when 



the teacher would undertake to flog a boy as 
large as himself. In one instance, a young 
girl about seventeen years old was beaten so 
hard on the hand that she had to stay home 
for several weeks because she was so crippled 
that she could not use her hand." The 
school-houses and school furniture had re- 
mained unimproved for over one hundred 
years. The houses were all of the primitive 
type, small parallelograms, built about large 
enough to stow away forty or fifty children in, 
without much regard to health or comfort and 
none as to ventilation. The furniture consisted 
of desks teu or twelve feet long, and benches 
the same length, without any backs and so 
high that the feet of the little children could 
not reach the floor. There were no black- 
boards nor apparatus of any kind. While 
private dwellings were improving in size, 
shape and internal arrangements, better 
and more comfortably shaped furniture was 
placed within them; while everything per- 
taining to agriculture,, manufactures, me^ 
chanics, etc., was being improved, school- 
houses, school furniture and school apparatus 
were about the same as they were a century 
before. 

New School Law. — An important epoch 
in the history of education in New Jersey 
began with the passage by the Legislature ot 
the act " that authorized, empowered and re- 
quired the inhabitants of the several town- 
ships, at their annual town-meetings, to raise 
by tax or otherwise, in addition to the amount 
apportioned by the State to their use, such 
further sum or sums of money as they may 
deem proper for the support of public schools, 
at least equal to and not more than double 
the amount of such appoi'tioument." This 
was brought about by a spirit of dissatisfaction 
with the then existing condition of education. 
In many parts of the State an agitation was 
going on lor something better ; and in Glou- 
cester County, in 1842, which at that time 
included Camden County, a very import- 
ant meeting; was held in accordance with the 



EDUCATION. 



315 



following notice to the school committee of 
Gloucester County, for a convention to be held 
at the court-house November 19, 1842, "to 
take into consideration the state of public 
education and suggest such alteration and 
amendments as may be deemed necessary in 
the State laws respecting public schools." 

The following-named persons represented 
the districts indicated : Waterford township, 
Benjamin W. Cooper, Joseph Porter, Ricii- 
ard Stafford ; Xewton township, John M. 
Kaighn, Jacob L. Rowand, Thomas Redman, 
Jr.; the city of Camden, Richard Fetters, 
Thomas Chapman, Joseph W. Cooper. 

A public school meeting of inhabitants of 
(jiloucester County was held pursuant to the 
above notice, 19th November, 1842, at the 
court-house in Woodbury. Charles Reeves 
\va3 chosen chairman and Thomas Redman 
secretary. Waterford, Newton, Deptford, 
Greenwich and (xloucester were represented. 
John B. Harrison, Thos. P. Carpenter and 
Charles Knight were appointed a committee 
to make a report at next meeting as to best 
means of improving schools. Adjourned to 
Deceml>er 15, 1842, when another meeting 
was held and the report read. Dr. I. S. 
Mulford and John B. Harrison were chosen 
to embody the views into a memorial to pre- 
sent to the Legislature and to get signers. 

This gave a great impetus to the cause of 
general education. In a short time all the 
townships began to raise the necessary sums 
of money and a system of partially free 
schools was inaugurated. An additional im- 
petus was given by the act of 1851, when 
the townships were permitted to raise three 
dollars per scholar. 

In the Hillman District a school-house was 
l>uilt by the Friends in 18;5(i, and one in 
Waterford in 1835. 

Before 1846 twenty-seven scliools iiad 
been established in the county outside of Cam- 
den City, with an equal number of dejwrt- 
ments and teachers. Since then nineteen ad- 
ditional schools have been opened and the 



number of departments and teachers has 
increased to sixty-six, the greatest increase 
having taken place in 18()(). 

In 1848 a new school-house of stone was 
built in Blackwoodtown, the old one which 
stood for aliout half a century having been 
burned. An academy was opened in that 
village, in which boys were prepared for 
business or for college. It was sustained 
imtil 1870, when a two-story public school- 
house was built. The school was put on 
such a basis that the children could receive 
as good an education as at the academy, ex- 
cept that Latin and Greek were not taught. 

In 1853 a frame school-house was built at 
Irish Hill, in Centre township, and was occu- 
pied until 1881, when a very fine, commodious 
and well equipped house was built. In 1853 
the people of Berlin built a school-house, 
which did good service until 1874, when the 
present beautiful and commodious structure 
was erected, one of the very best .school-houses 
in Camden County. In 1855 a school-house 
at (Jreenland, No. 15, was ijuilt on a lot do- 
nated by Charles L. Willits and was u.sed 
until 1882, when another of those neat 
structures that are now found in almost every 
school district was built. The people in Dis- 
trict No. 15 have done nobly in erecting for 
the colored people the finest school-house for 
colored children in any country district in 
South Jersey. It is a two-story frame build- 
ing, forty feet long and thirty-six feet wide. 

During the year 1855 the peoj)le in Chees- 
man District put up a school building. It 
was located in the woods, more than half a 
mile from any public road, but has been re- 
moved to a more suitable location and the 
district has been divided. 

As Hammonton, in Atlantic County, newly 
settled in 1859, began to grow and extend 
into Camden County, the people who settled 
at North Hammonton (now called Elm), 
being mostly of New England stock, a 
school-house was erected in 1861, and a 
good school has been maintained there ever 



316 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



since. In 1864 Tansboro' District was divided 
into two districts, a serious mistake, and in 
the northern one, called Tansboro' North, No. 
34, a school-house was built. A house was 
also built in 1858. In 1865 a school was 
opened in a little building in Milford Dis- 
trict, No. 28, belonging to the German 
Church, and held there until 1884, when a 
public school-house was erected. In 1867 
the settlement at Atco by New England 
people built a school-house. In 1868 a good 
building was put up in Bates Mill District, 
and in 1869 an equally good one was erected 
in Ancora District. This same year a small 
house was built in Davisville District, No. 
23. During this year the beautiful stone 
structure that graces the borough of Haddon- 
tield was built, one of the most substantial 
and elegant school-houses in the State. It 
has four school-rooms, besides other rooms 
for class recitations or study purposes. In 
1870 Merchantville built its first public 
school-house, with two rooms. It is quite an 
ornament to the borough. In 1875 a portion 
of VVatorford District was added to Park 
District, iu Atlantic County, and was called 
Parkdale District, No. 42. A site was secured 
in this county and a school-house built. 
Wrightsville District, No. 43, was set off 
from Rosendale in 1877, and soon after a. 
one-story building, capable of accommodating 
seventy children, was built. In a few years 
another story was added, giving accommo- 
dations for one hundred and twenty children. 
In 1877 an additional building was erect- 
ed in Cheesman District, No. 25, because of 
the size of the territory, and afterwards a 
new district was formed, with this school- 
house as the centre, and called Union Valley, 
No. 44. To accommodate the increased 
number of scholars in Rosendale, Champion, 
Haddonfield and Union Districts, new school 
buildings have been put up since 1880. In 
1882, in Rosendale District, a two-roomed, 
one-story building was erected, and in Had- 
donfield, a two-story building, both of them 



adapted for their work in size, construction, 
methods of ventilation, furniture and appli- 
ances. In 1883 a very neat, one-story house 
was built in Champion, and in 1885, one in 
Union. Portions of the county, especially 
those lying nearest Camden and the boroughs 
of Haddonfield and Merchantville, are grow- 
ing with such rapidity that the accommoda- 
tions for pupils must be increased every few 
years. 

The Present Schooi, System. — The 
progress of education is pretty clearly indi- 
cated by the progress in the building of 
suitable school-houses. The two have gone 
along together and show a wonderful ad- 
vance. Nearly every old .school-house, with 
its very limited space, its low ceiling, its 
small windows, its backless benches, has di.s- 
appeared, only oue of such school-houses 
being left and the old furniture is nowhere 
to be seen. The old curriculum of studies 
has given place to another and a broader one, 
with very much improved methods in teach- 
ing the different branches. The greatest im- 
provement has taken place since 1867, when 
the present admirable school law took effect, 
and the supervision of all the schools in the 
county was placed in the hands of a competent 
man and the licensing of teachers was con- 
fided to a competent board. Rev. Alexander 
Gil more was appointed the first county super- 
intendent in 1867. He was succeeded by 
the present incumbent, Rev. F. R. Brace, in 
1870. Intelligent friends of education felt 
the necessity of such action years befor.e the 
new law was enacted. Dr. John Snowdon, 
who was superintendent of Winslow town- 
ship schools in 1866, said: " I would most 
emphatically urge the abolition of the power 
to license teachers, vested in the town super- 
intendents, so as to place it beyond the con- 
trol of local influences. The majority of the 
applicants for licenses to teach have either a 
relative or particular friend iu the board of 
trustees, and if they are not licen.sed by tne 
superintendent, a great deal of bad feeling 



EDUCATION. 



317 



is excited against the latter officer." [ndecd, 
even siiiee the new order of things, oeeasion- 
ally an influence, thoiigii iinsuece.sstiil, lia.s 
been brought to bear upon superintendent 
and upon examiners to allow incompetent 
persons to obtain certificates of license to 
teach; but the great majority, at least 'ninety- 
nine per cent of the whole, approve, indorse 
and rejoice in the new order of things. 

As a result of having a head to the educa- 
tional interest.* of the county, a system of 
instruction was soon devised for all the 
schools in the county. There was no system 
before 1871. Each teacher marked out his 
own course of study. In t)r(ler that accurate 
knowledge of the wtirk done in tiie schools 
might be reached, circulars were seut to all 
the teachers in the county, retpiesting them 
to .send on prepared blanks their schedides of 
studies for each day, with the time devoted to 
each recitation. From these it was learned 
that the time devoted to reading in the differ- 
ent schools varied from forty-eight minutes 
to two hours and thirty-nine minutes ; 
to .spelling, from eighteen minutes to two 
hours and twenty minutes ; to penmanshij), 
from nine minutes to thirty ; to geography, 
from live minutes to one hour ; to arithmetic, 
from thirty minutes to two hours and nine 
minutes ; to grammar, from no minutes to 
one hour and twenty minutes. Twelve had 
tiie highest classes in geography studying in 
an intermediate geography. The highest 
classes in arithmetic in seventeen were in 
fractions, and the highest in grammar in 
ten were in etymology. Only in ten schools 
was natural philo.sophy .studied ; in six, 
physiology; in four, algebra; in six, bt)ok- 
keeping ; in seventeen. United States His- 
tory ; and in one, drawing. A convention 
of teachers and tru.stees was called in the 
month of June, 1872. It was very largely 
attended and a most earnest and enthusiastic 
spirit shown. After thoroughly considering 
the whole matter, a course of .study was 
marked out for all the schools in the county 
37 



and a .schedule of recitations ado{)ted as a 
guide for all the teachers. The good accom- 
plished by this systematic course of study for 
all the schools in the county was incidculable. 
A new spirit was infused into the teaciier.s. 
They felt that they had something definite 
and clear to mark out their pathway. This 
was, however, not fully satisfactory to the 
superintendent, and .so in 1875 he presented 
to l)oth trustees and teachers a better sys- 
tematized course of study, together with a 
recommendation that an examination of all 
the scholars be held in connection therewith, 
and that tho.se pupils who should complete 
the course of study and pass a ,satisfai;tory ex- 
amination therein, should receive a certificate 
or diploma as a recognition of the fact. This 
was unanimously adopted, but on account of 
the shortness of time and the great amount 
of work to be done fi)r the Centennial Expo- 
sition in Philadelphia, the regular examina- 
tion could not be attemjited that year, and 
was therefore deferred to the succeeding 
year. In the spring of 1877 the first 
regular examination of the schools was held, 
the examination in each branch taking place 
the .same day in every school in the county, 
and the .same set of questions, prepared by 
the county .superintendent, being used. The 
papers of the pupils were examined by a 
committee of teachers, each member of the 
committee having, as a rule, only the papers 
in one branch, to prevent anything like 
partiality being shown. Twenty-two pupils 
pa.ssed the required examination and received 
their diplomas. This was the culmination of 
the county course of study, adopted in 1872. 
Since then nearly every county in this Stiite 
and numerous counties in other States have 
adopted our Camden County system and with 
the happiest results. A healthful rivalry has 
been created among the schools, which brings 
every teacher up to his best work, and incites 
pupils to more thorough and faithful study, 
both teachers and pupils l>einganxious to have 
their schools stand in the front rank. Strange 



318 



HISTORY OF CA^IDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



to say, some of the best results liave been 
seen in the one department sebools, wlien 
every few years there are successful pupils to 
take their diplomas. There are no ungraded 
schools in the county. The one department 
schools are all graded. So well has this 
county system worked that the faculty of the 
State Normal School adopted a resolution 
to admit pupils who possessed a county 
diploma to that in.stitution without further 
examination. It seemed to some that a still 
higher step could be taken from a few years' 
workjng of this system, and so it was taken 
a little while afterwards and called " an ad- 
vanced course." This almost prepares boys 
for the Scientific Department of college. 

We can look back with .satisfaction upon 
the great advance made during the last six- 
teen years. No influence has been greater in 
helping along this advance than the State 
Normal School. It has done this not only 
by .sending out from its halls teachers, fully 
prepared, well-trained and eager for the 
work, but by stimulating others, who could 
not, by reason of pecuniary inability, attend 
that institution, to study and work and make 
themselves equal in every direction, superior, 
if possible, to Normal School graduates. 
The motto of this county is still "Forward." 
The best has not yet b^en reached, but every 
day is seeing some progress in that direction. 

Rev. F. R. Brack was born in the prov- 
ince of Newfoundland, B. N. A., in 1832, 
and was the son of Richard Brace, who was 
for over twenty years keeper of the prison 
either in the Northern District of the island 
or in the Central Di.strict. 

He acquired the principal part of his edu- 
cation in the grammar school at Harbor 
(rrace, and was there fitted for college, al- 
though he never entered. At the age of six- 
teen he entered the store of a book-seller in 
St. John's and remained there two years. 
He there, having associated himself with 
his elder brother, William H., commenced 
business in Harbor Grace, but gave it up in 



two years. He left Newfoundland No- 
vember, 185.3, and came to Trenton, N. J., 
and there taught .school in Morrisville, Pa., 
opposite Trenton, one year, and the next year 
taught the public schools at Ewing and 
Millham, near Trenton. In 1855 he was 
elected "assistant teacher of languages and 
mathematics in Trenton Academy. 

In the spring of 1856 he was married to 
Emma, daughter of Whilldin Foster, of 
Trenton, N. J. He was elected principal of 
New Paltz Academy, New York State, 
March, 1857, and remained there two years. 
The honorary degree of A.M. was conferred 
upon him by Princeton College July, 1857. 

Feeling that he was called to preach as 
well as to teach, he commenced his studies 
for the ministry, teaching by day and study- 
ing in the evenings. He removed to East 
Millstone, N. J., July, 1859, and opened 
a .select school, classical and mathematical. 
While there he still pursued his theological 
studies and after an examination in both col- 
legiate and theological studies by the Classis 
of New Brunswick, connected with the Re- 
formed Church of the United States, he was 
licensed to preach by that body. 

He removed to Elwood in June, 1861, to 
take charge of a large missionary field in 
Atlantic County, preaching at Elwood, Ham- 
monton, Pleasant Mills and Atlantic City. 
In October of this year he was ordained by 
the Presbytery of West Jersey. In 1862 he 
was elected township superintendent of pub- 
lic schools in Mullica township, Atlantic 
County, and filled that office three years. In 
1865 he was elected one of the county ex- 
aminers of Atlantic County. He removed, 
in March, 1867, from Hammonton to Black- 
wood, to take charge of the Presbyterian 
Church there, and has remained its pastor 
until the present time. 

He has been active in Bible and Sunday- 
school work and was three years in succe.s.siou 
president of the County Sunday-school A.s- 
sociation. In 1868 he was elected one of 



THE PRESS. 



319 



the trustees of the public school in Black- 
wood, and iu 1870 was appointed county 
superintendent of Camden County, which 
position he still holds. In 1874 he was 
elected for that year, president of the State 
Teachers' Association. He is now a member 
of the State Board of Control of the Teachers' 
Reading Circle. He is the originator of the 
graded course of study for all schools in the 
county, having put it into operation in the 
county in 1872. 

Mr. Brace has two brothers teaching — 
William H., principal of the High School, 
Trenton, and Alfred S., professor of music in 
the State Normal School, Trenton. He has 
five children living, two of whom are teach- 
ing — Mary B. Clayton, in the High School, 
New Brunswick, and Ada Brace, at Chews 
Landing, in this county. 

Some years ago he was urgently pressed to 
take charge of the West Jersey Academy, 
Bridgeton. He has received invitations to 
take the pastoral charge of several churclies 
in South Jersey and Pennsylvania, but has 
declined them all, feeling that his work was 
in Camden County and in the quiet and 
beautiful little village of Blackwood. 



CHAPTER XVI. 

THE PRESS. 

The press in America is one of the most 
potent factors in the education of the masses, 
and its power and influence cannot be over- 
estimated. The number of journals pub- 
lished in this country to-day is simply wonder- 
ful, and they circulate throughout the 
length and breadth of the land. The im- 
provements in use in the art of printing now, 
in comparison to the time Benjamin Franklin 
started his historic journal in Philadelphia, 
is one of the wonders of this age of civiliza- 
tion and enlightenment. 

If it were possible to give in this chapter 



the number of individual copies of news- 
papers, of all kinds, taken and read by the en- 
tire population of Camden City and County, 
very few readers M'ould credit the statement. 
There are editors now living in Camden who 
remember when there were but four or five 
papers puljlislied in M'est Jersey south of 
Burlington ; there are now a hundred or more. 
The proximity of Camden to the city of 
Philadelphia, and the circulation of the jour- 
nals of that city in Camden and vicinity, 
doubtless prevented the establishment of 
papers here before 1820. The influential 
Philadelphia journals, for many years past, 
have each had corres])ondents in Camden 
County, who regularly have collected and 
])repared the local news of the day, and their 
interesting communications can be found in 
tiie files of those papers. The city and county 
of Camden, since the date of the establish- 
ment of the first paper here, have been 
well supplied with local journals, some of 
which have had a phenomenal existence 
and otliers a checkered history. There are 
those which have been, and still are, enter- 
prising and influential journals, ably edited, 
vigorous exponents of public opinion, and 
neat in typographical api:)earance. In the 
succeeding pages of this chapter it is de- 
signed to give an accurate history of journal- 
ism in the county, together with a few prefa- 
tory notes relating to early newspapers of 
the vicinity. 

The first newspaper published in West 
Jersey, south of Burlington, was the Bridgeton 
Argus, of which James D. Westcott was edi- 
tor and proprietor. It was started in 1794, 
ctmtinued two years, and, by a change of 
name, was published by John Westcott, a 
brother of the proprietor of the Argus, until 
1805. Peter Hay, in 1815, started, at 
Bridgeton, the Washington Whig, the second 
pa})er in West Jersey. It was the organ of 
the Jeflerson Democrats. It was a prosper- 
ous journal, but, after many changes of own- 
ership, ceased publication in 1837. In 1818 



320 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



John A. Crane established, at Woodbury, the 
Gloucester Fanner. This was the third 
paper iu West Jersey. He continued to 
publisli at that place until 1820, when he re- 
moved presses and material to C'amden, and 
thus it became the first paper ever issued in 
Camden County. The files of this paper 
are in the possession of Samuel H. Grey, 
Esq., whose father, the veteran editor, in 
1819, commenced, at Woodbury, the publi- 
cation of the Village Record, and soon there- 
after removed to C-amden, and there pur- 
chased, of John A. Crane, the GlouceMer 
Farmer. 

Samuel Ellis, a well-known school-teacher 
of his day, on December 29, 1824, began, in 
Camden, the publication of the American 
Star and Rural Record. This office was on 
the west side of Front Street, between Cooper 
and Plum (Arch). This luminary, under 
the control of Master Ellis, did not shine 
very brilliantly, and, after continuing it two 
years, he sold it to Israel Porter and J. Wollo- 
hon, who had been apprentices in the .same 
office. The new proprietors changed the 
name to the Caiitdeu Mail, and the office was 
moved to the southwest corner of Second 
Street and ^larket. Dr. John R. Sickler after- 
wards bought it, and moved the office to the 
" west side of Second Street, above Taylor's 
Avenue." Dr. Sickler disposed of the paper 
to a Mr. Ham, and he, on April 2, 18.34, 
sold it to Philip J. Grey, Esq. The print- 
ing-office was then at the .south we.st corner 
of Second and Arch ; price of sheet, two 
dollars per year. In September, 1834, the of- 
fice was removed to a building near Toy's 
Ferry, and, on September 3, 1835, the name 
Went Jerseyman was adapted. It was then 
next to the largest paper in West Jersey, 
and, under the management of Mr. Grey, 
was an influential and popular journal. The 
name of this successful exponent of public 
opinion, under the ownership of Judge Grey, 
was changed to the Went Jerseyman. It was 
abiv edited and obtained a large circulation. 



It was enlarged at difterent times. The com- 
plete files of the Mail and the West Jersey- 
man were carefully preserved and are now 
owned by Samuel H. Grey, Esq., of Cam- 
den, through whose kindness and courtesy 
the use of them was allowed the author in 
the preparation of this history and from 
which much valuable information relating to 
Camden County was obtained. 

Philip James Grey, Esq., was the second 
son of Martin and Eliza Derhara Grey and 
was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1798. His 
father, participating in the political move- 
ments then agitating Dublin, was obliged to 
seek safety in flight, and came to this country 
in the early jiart of this century. Dying 
suddenly in 1804, his estate was lost in an 
unfortunate bu.siness enterprise in which he 
had invested it, and his widow was left in 
very straitened circumstances. Philip J. 
Grey, the subject of this sketch, was, at the 
instance of the late Matthew Carey, Esq., 
])laced in the establishment of Mr. Maccul- 
loch, a printer and bookseller, with whom he 
remained until he had grown to manhood. 
Upon the death of Mr. Macculloeh, who had 
bequeathed to him a sum sufficient to pur- 
chase an outfit for a printing-office, Mr. Grey 
removed from Philadelphia in the summer 
of 1819 to Woodbury, N. J., where he estab- 
lished himself in the printing business as ed- 
itor and publisher of the Columbian Herald, 
the first number of which was published Sep- 
tember 23, 1819. He continued at Wood- 
bury, where, in 1824, he was po.stmaster, 
talking a prominent part in public affairs 
until ] 830, when he removed to Blackwood- 
town and entered into business with John C. 
Smallwood, late of Woodbury. From Blaek- 
woodtown he went, at the instance of his 
friends, Hon. Samuel L. Southard and Gen- 
eral Zachariah Kossell, to Trenton, where he 
established a Whig newspaper, Tlie Union. 
Leaving Trenton, Mr. Grey entered into the 
business of bookselling aud publishing in 
Philadelphia. While so I'ugaged he caused 



THE PRESS. 



321 



to be reported and afterward published the 
proceedings in the case of De Con i-s. Hen- 
drickson, which involved the settlement of 
the property rights of the Society of Friends, 
then at difference among themselves upon 
the orthodoxy of the teachings of Elias 
Hicks. Returning to his earlier employment, 
Mr. Grey came to Camden in IS'^'.l, where 
he bought the Camden Mail and published it 
until March, 1849, when the paper was en- 
larged and its name changed to The West 
Jcrseyman, under which title it was published 
by Mr. Grey until January 1, 1860, when he 
retirwl from journalism. The Camden Daily 
was published by Mr. Grey from January 4, 
1858, to JNlarch 6, 1858, when its publication 
was discontinued for lack of public supi)ort. 

Mr. Grey was a man of marked individu- 
ality, independence and firmness of character. 
He was of a generous, enthusiastic and sympa- 
thetic nature, and for many years he was a 
prominent and influential man in Southern 
New Jersey. In his political opinions he 
was a Whig. After the defeat of General 
Scott, in 1852, and the consequent disinte- 
gration of the Whig party, Mr. Grey identi- 
fied himself with those who opposed the ex- 
tension of slavery into the Territories of 
Kansas and Nebraska. He was a leader and 
became at an early period actively interested 
in the formation of the Rej)ublican party. 
The first meeting in Camden of those in sym- 
pathy with that orgauizatiou was held at his 
residence, No. 709 Market Street. He helil 
at different times several important and re- 
sponsible offices. He was secretary of the 
New Jersey Senate and for many years col- 
lector of the port of Camden. For fifteen 
years he was one of the judges of the Court 
of Common Pleas of Camden County, and 
during a large part of that time the presiding 
judge. He was for a long period a vestry- 
man, and at the time of his death a warden 
of St. Paul's parish, Camden. He was twice 
married, — first at Woodlnuy, in 1822, to 
Rachel, daughter of Jacol) Glover, Escj., for- 



merly surrogate of Gloucester County. Af- 
ter the death of his first wife he married, in 
1834, Sarah Woolston, daughter of Isaac 
Stephens, Esq. His surviving children are 
two sons — Samuel H. (rrey, Estp, of Cam- 
den, and Martin P. Grey, Esq., of Salem, 
N. J. — and two daughters, — Mary G. Grey 
and Anne Grey. He died at his residence, 
No. 709 Market Street, Camden, on the 
moruing of January 8, 1875, in the seventy- 
seventh year of his age. 

About 183() Josiah Harrison, of Camden 
City, issued a small sheet called the Republi- 
can, which was continued by him for several 
years, after which time Franklin Ferguson 
became its proprietor. 

In 1840 a new jxiper made its appearance, 
called the American J'Jayle. It was published 
by Charles D. Hineline, who had his office 
in a frame building on Bridge Avenue, next 
to Elwell's Hotel. This building was after- 
wards removed. Mr. Hineline connected 
with him in its publication Henry Curts, 
and afterwards sold out his interest to a man 
by the name of Bossee, and went in the 
West. Bossee sold his interest to Mr. Curts, 
who was quite a facetious writer. The paper, 
which was the organ of the American party, 
was eventually changed to the Phanlx and 
after a checkered history ceased publication. 

The Camden Journal, a vigorous organ of 
the American party, was established aud 
conducted by David W. Belisle, who after- 
ward became mayor of Atlantic City. It 
was continued for quite a time. Mr. Belisle 
became the New Jersey correspondent of the 
Public Ledger of Philadelphia, aud after a 
long career as a journalist died in Camden 
during the year 188G. 

The New Republic, a weekly journal. Re- 
publican in politics, was started in LSfit! by 
Henry L. Bonsall and James M. Scovel. 
It soou gained influence aud popularity and 
secured a large circulation, being ably edited 
and neat in typographical appearance. Mr. 
Scovel, at the expiration of nine years, re- 



322 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



tired from the paper. Henry L. Bonsall and 
T. M. K. Lee, Jr., continued its publication 
until a joint-stock company, composed of H. 
L. Bonsall, ({eorge W. (Gilbert, John S. Lee, 
T. M. K. Lee, Jr. and James Warrington 
took charge of it. Eventually the paper 
came into the possession of Bonsall & Carse, 
soon after which the senior proprietor retii'ed 
to start the Daily Post. John H. Fort was 
the last owner of the New Republic. 

The Argu.s was a Sunday paper, owned 
and edited by John H. Fort. 

The Jersey Blue was an interesting family 
newspaper, and was started about 1858 by 
Charles N. Pine, who continued its publication 
for several years, and its editor afterward be- 
came connected with the Philadelphia Day and 
subsequently the Pecord. He was an able 
journalist. 

The West Jersey Pkess is the sole sur- 
vivor of several newspaper enterprises started 
in Camden since 1820, and is the legitimate 
offspring of the Camden Mail, and subse- 
([uently of the West Jerscyman, both of which 
were the property of the late Philip J. Crey, 
the former being first published in the city 
April 7, 1834. 

The We.'it Jersey Press was bought by the 
present owner, Sinnicksou Chew, in April, 
1862, the negotiations for the purchase being 
conducted by the late Charles P. Smith, clerk 
of the New Jersey Supreme Court, and a 
brother-in-law of the then owner. Colonel 
S. C. Harbert, who was at that lime a pay- 
master in the army. Colonel Harbert en- 
tered the editorial field well equipped for its 
duties by a long and active participation in 
State and national politics, but whose connec- 
tion with the army rendered his retirement 
from newspaper work, in his judgment, im- 
perative. The fir.st number under the pres- 
ent ownership was issued May 7, 18()'2. The 
ottice was at that time equipped with a Wash- 
ington hand-press and an antiquated Ruggles 
pre.ss, they constituting the entire printing- 
machinery of the establishment. The new 



proprietor met with a generous support from 
the beginning, which has continued and in- 
creased until the present time, and until he 
has been compelled to enlarge his equipment 
by the addition of six of the latest improved 
printing presses, with other material to cor- 
respond in the various departments, making 
the West Jcrsei/ Printing House one of the 
largest establishments of the kind in the 
State. In 1870 the building, fifty by ninety, 
was erected, the entire third floor being used 
for newspaper, book and job printing, while 
the corner room on the first floor is used as a 
stationery store and business department. 
Every expense incurred or improvement 
added to meet the wants of a growing city, 
have met with popular approval, as has been 
shown by a marked and permanent increase 
of business. The We.d Jersey Press has al- 
ways been a stanch and outspoken advocate 
of Republican ])rinciples and a firm supporter 
of the Republican j>arty, its long and con- 
sistent career having obtained for it a wide 
influence in political circles. Its original size 
was twenty-four by thirty eight inches, but 
it has been successively enlarged until now it 
is a thirty-six-column sheet, thirty by forty- 
six — the third largest paper in the Stsite. 
Its circulation was never so large as at 
present. 

SiNNicKSON Chew was born January 27, 
1830, in Manuingtou township, Salem 
County, N. J., where his parents then re- 
sided. His Christian name indicates his 
ancestry as being of the Swedes, M'ho settled 
along the shores of the Delaware River as 
early as 1638, long before the English or 
Dutch saw the land. Among those who 
received deeds from John Fenwick to con- 
firm their title, the names of Sinuic, Sinuica 
and Siunicker occur, and the records of Up- 
land Court (on the opposite side of the river), 
which date back to 1676, show this name 
among the litigants before that tribunal. 
The blood of the e;irly comers was diffused 
among the English familie.s, and as a conse- 




'^/^^-f-x, ^a^^z.-e^c,'-. 



THE PRESS. 



323 



qiiencc the namv fdlKiwcd tlie line of rela- 
tionship and was gradually changed to the 
|iresent sjielling. The direct and collateral 
i)ranches of the family have always been, 
prominent in the affairs of church and State 
and still have a tirm hold upon the confi- 
dence and good opinion of the people in 
Southern Jersey. Ecpiipped with such edu- 
cation as could be gathered there from the 
country schools and fancying the business of 
a printer, Sinnickson Chew, in 1845, entered 
the office of the Constifiition, published at 
Woodbury, N. J., by A. S. liarber. Here 
he soon mastered the " art and mystery," 
and in due time became the " post boy " to 
the office. With a horse and sulky he rode 
the length and breadth of the counties of 
Camden and Gloucester, distributing the 
news of the week at every store and cn^ss- 
roads, where he was a welcome visitt)r. Per- 
haps the poet can better describe him as he — 

" Who whistles as he goes, — light-hearted wrett'h, 
Cold, and yet cheerful, messenger of grief 
Perhaps to thousands, and of joy to some : 
To him indifferent whether grief or joy." 

In I80I he left his master's employ and 
went to Philadelphia, in the composing de- 
partment of the type foundry of L. Johnson 
& Co., but the same year he became connected 
with the National Standard, of Salem, N. J., 
Charles P. Smith, editor. In a short time, 
associated with William S. Sharp, he pur- 
chased this paper and continued its publication, 
under the firm-name of Sharp & Chew, until 
1862, when he made overtures for the pur- 
chase of the State Gazette, at Trenton, N. J. 
In this he was defeated by Jacob R. Free.se, 
at that time the lessee, and soon after (May, 
1862) he bought the entire intere.st of the 
West Jersey Fres-s, of Camden, and became its 
editor and publisher. He soon infused new 
life into this journal and made it the leading 
iiepublican paper in the western part of the 
State. Although a forcible writer, and firm 
in his political convictions, yet he concedes 
to his opponents the right to their own line 



of thought. He never loses sight of the 
great moral necessities of the times, nor will 
he sacrifice them even when a political ad- 
vantage is at stake. His paper is always a 
mcan.s to discuss local or general topics, but 
not open to personalities or questionable cor- 
respondence. With such a reputation, the 
West Jersey Press is regarded as a safe me- 
dium of county news, and is read by all who 
are in full faith with its political notion.s, 
and by many who neither think nor vote as 
the editor would advise. 

For three years, from 1872, he was con- 
secutively elected by the House of Assembly 
of New Jersey to the responsible position of 
clerk of that body, and was conceded by his 
political opponents to have been courteous 
and polite to all. His fidelity to his political 
friends is strong and lasting, and his devotion 
to the principles of the political party of 
which he is an honored member, is well 
known throughout his native state. His 
tact and energy are evitlenced in the erection 
of the " Press " building, where he conducts 
an active business, giving personal attention 
to the details of the various kinds of work, 
and not neglecting improvements that aid so 
much in speed and finish. 

As one of the active members of the Edi- 
torial Association of New Jersey, Mr. Chew 
has brought about many improvements in 
the working of that body. The business 
meetings bring the members into closer in- 
tercourse, and the annual excursions are pop- 
ular and make friendships where otherwise 
none would exist. On May 8, 1860, Mr. 
Chew married Sarah A., daughter of Samuel 
W. Miller, then sheriff of Salem County. 
His surviving children are, — Lillie M., the 
wife of Oliver Smith, Jr., and William H. 
and Eddie H. 

The Camden DEMoortAT. — The first 
number of the Camden Democrat, under that 
name, was ])ublished Saturday, January .■^>, 
1846, by Charles D. Hineline. It was a 
well-printed, carefully-edited four-page pa- 



324 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COTTNTY, NP]W JERSEY. 



per of" twenty-eight columns. Its office of 
publication was the second story of a frame 
building (since destroyed by fire), which 
stood at tlie southeast corner of Second and 
Federal Streets. Hineline was a man of 
considerable ability, as handsome as he was 
able, and the Democrat, under his adminis- 
tration, soon took front rank among the 
newspapers of the day. Mr. Hineline con- 
tinued as publisher of the paper until 1853, 
when he disposed of his interest to Colonel 
Isaac Mickle, who held the editorial reins of 
the publication until iiis death, in 1855, 
when it passed into tlie hands of his cousin, 
Isaac W. Mickle. Colonel Mickle was per- 
haps the brainiest of the many able men 
whose intellects have illumined the pages of 
the Democrat during its forty years of life. 
He was a lawyer of iicknowledged ability, 
but a reformer for all that. He was also 
known to have been the author of several 
well-written dramas, wliich, however, his 
innate modesty prevented from appearing on 
the stage, and this same trait, or lack of self- 
assertion, is shown in his " Reminiscences of 
Old Gloucester," an invaluable contribution 
to the historical ilata of West Jersey, in 
which the name of Mickle does not appear, 
although his ancestor, Archibald Mickle, 
was one of the first settlers, and contem- 
poraneous with William Cooper, William 
Royden and John Kaighn. His successor 
was familiarly known as " Captain Ike" and 
" General Ike," lK)tli titles being his of right 
— that of captain not for service in the Mex- 
ican War which he rendered, but from his 
being the commandant of the Camden Light 
Artillery, a crack military organization of a 
generation ago, and also because of his ser- 
vice as a coni[)any commandant in the War 
of the Rebellion. His title of " general " 
came with the Governor's commission ap- 
pointing him brigadier-general of the militia 
of (Camden County. Captain Mickle was a 
well-educated lawyer, of more than ordinary 
merit, but he cared nothing for literary work, 



and under his management the Democrnl lost 
ground. Twelve months later James M. 
Cassady became possessed of an interest, and, 
under his aggressive direction, would have 
soon retrieved its declining fortunes, but 
other arrangements interfered, and he, in 
turn, made way for John Hood, who became, 
in 1858, the sole proprietor of the paper. 
The period was a fiiteful one to Democratic 
newspapers. 

The all-absorbing Kansas-Nebraska contro- 
versy, disintegrating the party, made it diffi- 
cult to steer clear of the many reefs protru- 
ding above the surface of the political waters, 
and Mr. Hood's case was not an exception to 
the rule. But the Democrat, however it may 
have erred in opinion, was never a cowardly 
neutral on any question, and, amid the 
cross-seas of those troublous times, the helm 
was set hai'd a- port, and the colors of the 
"liittle Giant" — Stephen A. Douglas — • 
were floated to the breeze. This led to a 
rupture witli some of the Democratic leaders, 
and, although Hood was fully able to take 
(•are of himself, he cared little for fraternal 
strife, and was induced to relinquish the 
property to parties in the interest of Colonel 
Morris R. Hamilton, the present State libra- 
rian. Colonel Hamilton assumed charge of 
the Democrat in 1860, but only for a short 
time, being offered a more responsible posi- 
tion on the Newark Journal. 

The Democrat! s next editor was ( 'harles 
N. Pine. He was a brilliant writer, but his 
stay was brief, and for years thereafter the 
career of the paper was of varied and gloomy 
uncertainty. William Zane was, for a time, 
its foreman and business manager, and, un- 
der his care, the mental pabulum of the in- 
stitution was supplied by a multitude of vol- 
unteers, and yet it managed to survive. In 
18(57 Colonel Alexander Douelson, formerly 
of the Somerset Messenger, took editorial 
charge, but he died a few months afterwards, 
and the veteran Zane again found himself 
de[)eiulent for editorial matter upon volun- 



THE PRESS. 



325 



teens, whose offerings were in too nuiny eases 
worth no more than they eost. 

In 1870 a company was formed as the 
" Camden Democratic Co-Operative Associa- 
tion," the incorporators being Thomas Mc- 
Keen, Isaiah Woolstou, James M. Cassady, 
Chalkley Albertson, Cooper P. Browning, 
John Clement, William Sexton, Richard S. 
Jenkins, Henry Fredericks and James S. 
Henry. John H. Jones, editor of the 
American Banner, the organ of Native Amer- 
icanism in Philadelphia, was appointed ed- 
itor, and Lyman B. Cole, manager. Finan- 
cially, the business of the office was not a 
success, but Jones was a man of unpolished 
power, talking to the people in language and 
of subjects they understood, and with an 
earnestness which carried conviction to those 
appealed to. He was a large-hearted man, 
and an earnest advocate of the cause of the 
laboring classes. Under his regime the 
Democrat became quite popular, and wielded 
its old-time influence in the community. In 
1874 Jones was elected mayor, but did not 
live to serve his term out, his death taking 
place in 1876. The paper was then con- 
ducted for a time by Dr. Thomas Westcott 
and Charles G. Dickinson, stock-owners in the 
company, and, in 1878, was sold to Messrs. 
Wills & Semple, the former at that time as now 
publisher of the Mount Holly Herald. Mr. 
Semple assumed editorial control, and con- 
tinued to direct the fortunes of the paper un- 
til June, 1884, when Mr. Wills purchased 
his interest. The following Jaiuiary the 
paper passed into the hands of Messrs. 
Courier & Carpenter, who, in turn, six 
months later, transferred the property to C. 
S. Magrath, who, for fourteen years, had 
controlled the interests of the Cape Mai/ 
Wave. Under his management the Deiiio- 
crat was enlarged to a thirty-six-cohnnn 
folio. 

The first attempt to pul)lish a daily in 
Camden was made by ,Tudg(! (Jrey. The 
name of this sprightly little journal was 
38 



the Camden Dai/;/, and the name was soon 
changed to the Camden Evening Daily. It 
was started January 4, 1858, and continued 
until March 6th of the same year. 

The Trihtxe was a daily paper started in 
September, 1875. It continued to be pub- 
lished for two short weeks and then collapsed, 
its effects having fallen a prey to an officer of 
the law. It gently succumbed and never 
recovered from the disaster that so defiantly 
caused its untimely death and burial. 

The Post, the first daily of Camden that 
succeeded and became a permanently estab- 
lished journal, was founded on October 2, 
1875, by Henry L. Bou.sall, Bartram L. 
Bonsall and Jacob C. Mayhcw. It was first 
issued as an indei>endent daily and sold at 
two cents a copy. Its office was originally 
at 205 Federal Street, where the type was 
set, and the paper was run off at the Camden 
Democrat office. 

The edition for the first year was small, 
and the patronage was not very encouraging. 
The enterprising i)ublishers, however, held 
that if they could continue the publication 
of the paper one year, the public would con- 
clude that it had come to stay. The office 
was moved to 1 1 6 Federal Street and a new 
press purchased. At the close of the first 
year the circulation was not more than three 
hundred. Tlie price was reduced to one 
cent per copy and the patronage was thus 
greatly increased. Jacob C. Mayhew retired 
from his connection with the paper, and 
Charles Whitecar and W. E. Schoch, now 
editor of the Woodhunj Liberal Pres.'i, be- 
came members of the firm. The Bonsalls 
soon afterward became sole projirietors. 
The determined policy of the Fost, in bold 
and defiant attacks upon public wrong-doing, 
gave it prestige and popularity and won 
for it many firm friends. It became an 
Independent Republican paper and has 
maintained that policy to date, being recog- 
nized as a fearless advocate of the rights 
of the people and a faithful chronicler of 



326 



HISTORY OF CAMPEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



the news of the day. When the office 
was removed to its present location, the pro- 
prietors purchased new printing material, a 
double cylinder Hoe press, and the size of 
the paper was enlarged. 

August 1, 1883, the one-half interest of 
Henry L. Bonsall was sold to his son, who 
became the sole owner and who retained in- 
dividual control for three years, when, on July 
14, 1886, the business was merged into 
the Camden Post Printing and Publishing 
Company, purchasers of it. Improvements 
were added, and upon the occasion of the 
eleventh anniversary, October 2, 1886, the 
paper appeared enlarged from twenty-four to 
thirty-two columns, in a very handsome new 
dress. 

The paper is well printed and contains a 
great variety of local and general news. 

Henry L. Boxsall, of the Post, was 
born in Philadelphia December 24, 18-34, 
of Quaker stock, whose ancestors came to the 
country with Penn. Coming to Camden 
under six years of age, he has made it his 
permanent residence ever since. 

His introduction to the printing busi- 
ness was in the office of Judge P. J. Grev's 
West Jerseyman, where, as a boy of twelve, 
he made his mark with composition rollers — 
a different kind of composition from that 
subsequently- used in the profession, with 
which he has always been connected. Fol- 
lowing this experience on the weekly, a 
few years' exercise on the Camden Democrat, 
under Charles D. Hiueline, the Mickles, (rar- 
ren & Figner, John Hood, Morris R. Ham- 
ilton and others, a position of responsibilit_v 
on the Camden Daily finished the educa- 
tion of the then young man, albeit, not yet 
in his majority. (Joing to Philadelphia, he 
edited and conducted a workingman's join-nal. 
The American Mechanic, for Hineline tt 
Van Nortwick, following Hineline's check- 
ered fortunes to Plarrisburg, where, the 
principal being ill, he managed Governor 
Packer's organ, the Pennsylvania State Senti- 



nel, the demise of which was ((uicklv fol- 
lowed by the death of Hineline. 

Mr. Bonsall then established in Philadel- 
phia and removed to New York, an influential 
trades union paper, the United States Me- 
chanics' Own, taking into its conduct Wm. 
H. Sylvis and Isaac S. Ca.ssin. At the out- 
break of the war this paper had a circulati(m 
of twelve thousand, extending all over the 
country, but its editor and proprietor could 
not resist the impulse t(i "go to the front," 
where he pursued his vocation as army cor- 
respondent for several metropolitan journals 
for three or four years. After a short rest 
as an attache of the House of Representa- 
tives he returned to Camden, established the 
New Republic and managed it with success 
still remembered, until, after varying for- 
tunes, in connection with Jas. M. Scovel, 
Thos. M. K. Lee, an association composed of 
Geo. W. Gilbert, John S. Lee and James 
Warrington, afterwards succeeded by Bonsall 
& Carse, it went the way of all mismanaged 
concerns after Mr. Bonsall's withdrawal, hav- 
ing experienced the height and depth of 
newspaper prosperity and decadence in an 
existence of ten or twelve years. 

Then came The Post, a daily journal, 
under the control and sole ownership of H. 
L. Bonsall & Son, passing into the hands of 
the latter, Bartram L. Bonsall, who merged 
it into an association, of which he holds the 
controlling stock interest. The history of 
The Post is part of the history of Camden 
for a dozen years past, and needs no further 
mention in this regard than that the subject 
of this sketch is still its editor, with what 
acceptance its large constituency in its en- 
larged and improved form can judge of. 

During his newspaper career Mr. Bon- 
sall, always active in politics and pnblic af- 
fairs, as capable journalists must be to a 
greater or less extent, has held two public 
trusts, having been sent to the State Legisla- 
ture four times and held the office of 
superintendent of education in Camden City 



THE PKESS. 



327 



for ten years. He now occupies the post of 
honor, the private station, devoting all his 
matured energies to The Post. 

The Camden County Courier was the 
outgrowth of a small weekly paper originally 
published at Haddonfield, the plant being 
moved to Camden City in May, 1880, and 
the ownership vested in ex-SheriiF Calhoun, 
from whom the present owners purchased it 
the following September, and on the 1st 
day of June, 1882, commenced the publica- 
tion of the Daily Courier, both editions hav- 
ing been regularly published since, with iMr. 
F. F. Patterson as the editor, and his son, 
Theodore N. Patterson, as business manager. 

The daily and weekly Courier, although 
both have been established but a few years, 
have wielded an important influence in the 
journalism of Camden County. The enter- 
])rise and euergy brought to bear upon them 
by their experienced editor and his assistants 
have made them justly popular among their 
numerous patrons, and the influence of these 
journals as family newspapers and vigorous 
exponents of public opinion is constantly in- 
creasing. They contain an excellent selec- 
tion of news, vigorous editorial matter and a 
great variety of local news carefully collect- 
ed by a corps of trained reporters and cor- 
respondents. This paper is another evi- 
tlence of the success and growth of the profes- 
sion of journalism in the State of New Jer- 
sey. In politics it is an ardent advocate of 
the principles of the Republican party. 

F. F. Patterson was born near Swedes- 
boro', in Gloucester County, in 1834, two years 
before Camden and Atlantic Counties were cut 
off from it, and boasts of being the only news- 
paper man in the State who can claim a 
birth-right in three counties of the twenty- 
one into which Xew Jersey is now divided. 

In 1848 he entered the office of the Con- 
stitution at Woodbury, as an apprentice, to 
learn the art and mystery of printing. After 
Ave years of service, of which two days in 
each week for three years were given to the 



riding of a post-route, or delivery of the 
pajjers through the counties of Gloucester and 
Camden, with a horse and sulky, and some- 
times in the saddle, when the roads were 
particularly bad from snow or mud, he next 
went to New York and held a responsible 
position on the New York Times for two 
years, and on the day he was twenty-one 
years of age, purchased the Bridgeton Chroni- 
cle, the oldest paper in South Jersey, and at 
that time the official or legal paper for both 
Cumberland and Cape May Counties, only one 
other paper being printed in both counties at 
that time, and but four in the six lower 
counties of New Jersey outside of Camden. 

In 1857 he was elected engrossing clerk 
of the New Jersey Senate, a position he has 
since held three other terms. Selling the 
Chronicle, he purchased the Trenton True 
J)emocrat, publishing it as a daily and weekly, 
the latter being more a campaign sheet in the 
interest of the election of Hon. John T. Nixon, 
now judge of the United States District 
Court, and of Hon. John L. N. Stratton to 
Congress from the First and Second Districts. 
Both were elected after one of the most des- 
perate contests ever known in the State. 
Disposing of the True Democrat, he was, for 
a brief period, connected with the Salem 
Standard ; but the owners being unwilling to 
d ispose of the paper i n whole or i n part, he went 
to Newark, in June, 1866, and established the 
Newark Evening Courier, which he success- 
fully conducted for nearly eight years. He 
disposed of the Courier to give attention to 
large real-estate interests during the panic 
caused by the failure of Jay Cooke & Co. He 
subsequently established the Newark Sunday 
Call, liut owing to the death of his wife, re- 
moved back to South Jersey, and was con- 
nected with the Philadelphia Press for some 
time previous to his purchase of the Camden 
County Courier, in 1880, and on the 1st day 
of June, in 1882, established the Camden 
Daily Courier. 

The EvENiN(i Telegram was flrst issued 



328 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



February 24, 1886, by James M. Fitzgerald 
atul Al vah M. Smith. The paper is Democratic 
in politics. A feature of the enterprise was the 
construction of a telegraph line from the 
office, 95 Federal Street, to Coopers Point, 
where connection was made with the Balti- 
more and Ohio cables. By this means the 
journal secured, in fact, became a part of, the 
eastern circuit of the United Press system, 
and by locating an operator in their office, 
received dispatches direct. It is the only 
journal in the State having a direct tele- 
graphic news service. On September 16th, 
Mr. Fitzgerald purchased the one-third in- 
terest of Mr. Smith, and the latter retired 
from the busine.ss. 

The New Jersey Temperance Gazette 
was established in 1869 at Vinelaud, as a 
monthly publication, under the name of the 
New Jersey Good Templar, N. P. Potter, 
editor. With varied success and failure, the 
paper continued to be published under the 
above name until 1875, when it was pur- 
chased by J. B. Graw, and its name changed 
to the New Jersey Good Templar and Tem- 
perance Gazette; its place of publication was 
changed frona \^ineland to Toms River. In 
1881 the paper was moved to Camden and 
its name changed to the New Jersey Temper- 
ance Gazette. From 1881 to 1883 it was 
published as an Independent Prohibition 
newspaper. In 1883 it began to advocate 
the principles of the Prohibition party and 
supported Rev. Solomon Parsons for Gov- 
ernor of New Jersey. From that time on- 
ward it advocated and defended the princi- 
ples of the Prohibition party. In 1884 
A. C. Graw was admitted as a partner, and 
the Gazette is now published by J. B. Graw 
& Son, at 131 Federal Street, Camden. 

Rev. J. B. (iRAW, D.D., editor of the 
Temperance Gazette, was born in Rah way, 
N. J., October 24, 1832, and was educated 
at Rahway and Bloomfield Seminaries, and 
in New York High School. He was ad- 
mitted into the New Jersey Annual Confer- 



ence in 1855. He entered the United Stiites 
service as chaplain in September, 1861, 
having taken a prominent part in organizing 
a company of volunteers. For a few months, 
while in the service, he had command of a 
regiment. He has taken a deep interest in 
the temperance cause, assisting in the State 
organization in 1867, and occupying one of 
the highest positions for five years. He 
represented the State organization in various 
places in the United States, and was sent to 
London as a delegate in 1873. He also 
edited the New Jersey Gazette for .several 
years. He was a delegate to the General 
C'Onference of 1872 and 1876, and has been 
a member of the book committee since 1875. 
He has served as trustee of Pennington 
Seminary and as a trustee of Dickinson Col- 
lege. He has also been presiding elder on 
the Burlington and New Brunswick Districts. 
The Camden County Journal is a 
weekly, printed in German, and was established 
by Alexander Schlesinger, in March, 1883, as 
the first newspaper published in that lan- 
guage in Southwestern New Jersey. The 
publisher, who had thirteen years' experience 
as a managing editor, both in the Fatherland 
and in this country, moved from Philadelphia 
to Camden, for the purpose of giving the 
German citizens of this district an organ 
printed in their own language. It was first 
issued as a four-page six-column sheet. It 
seemed, indeed, to meet a long-felt want, for 
fifteen weeks later it came out regularly with 
a supplement of the same size. After four more 
months it was enlarged to eight column.s, 
and after an existence of eleven months it 
greeted its readers as a nine-column sheet. 
The paper gained popularity when it en- 
couraged the Germans in America to cele- 
brate the 6th day of October, 1883, the bi- 
centennial of the foundation of Germantown, 
and advocated German emigration to this 
country. Tlie German citizens, aided by the 
mayor, the police ai>d the Fire Department, 
turned out a splendid section to the parade 



THE PRESS. 



329 



held in I'liiladelpliia under the auspices of 
the German-American Bi-Centennial Exec- 
utive Committee. Since 1884 the pai>er has 
been the main instrument to build up a Ger- 
man settlement in the so-called Ijiberty Park, 
in the Eighth Ward of Camden. The paper 
is Independent-Democratic in politics. 

Ai.EXANDER Sc'Hi.ESixaER was boru at 
Breslau, Germany, in 1853 ; was educated in 
schools of his native city, and studied politi- 
cal economy in the University of Berlin. 
He was next employed as a clerk in Paris, 
and was also a newspaper correspondent. 
He tlien returned to Breslau, where he was a 
reporter on the Wahrheit, and afterward 
editor on the daily Freie Pre.sse of Magde- 
burg. In 1878 he came to America and be- 
came a corres{)ondent of a New York Ger- 
man newspaper, and in 1879 came to Phila- 
delphia as the editor of the Tageblatt of that 
city. 

The New Jersey Coast Pilot was 
first issued in 1882, T. F. Hose as editor and 
manager. It is published weekly. It is de- 
voted to the development of the coast interest ; 
its circulation is confined principally to its 
patrons along the coast of New Jersey. 
Its present editor and proprietor is G. W. 
Marshall. 

The Methodist Herald, publishetl in 
the interest of the Methodist Episcu|)al 
Church in New Jersey, was established Jan- 
uary 1, 188G, by the i)resent editor and 
publisher, Rev. Robert J. Andrews. It 
issues mtmthly at fifty cents a year, and is a 
folio, twenty by twenty-four inches, six 
columns to the page. 

Gloucester hiis had two newspapers, — the 
Gloucester City Reporter and the Gloucester 
City Weekly Tribune. There have been others 
published elsewhere which sought a circula- 
tion in Gloucester, but their stay was short. 
The Reporter was published by a company, 
of which James P. Michellon, Frederick P. 
Pfeiffer and James E. Hayes were the 
principal stockholders. The paper was pub- 



lished weekly, and the first number was 
issued November 1.5, 1874. The office was 
over the bank building at the corner of 
Monmouth and King Streets, afterwards re- 
moved to King Street, above Hudson, and 
in 1885 to Camden. The Reporter at one 
time exercised considerable influence, and its 
views on the questions of the day were quoted 
and discussed throughout the State. In 1886 
it was purchased by Sickler & Rose, of the 
New Jersey Coast Pilot, and by them sold to 
James M. Fitzgerald, of the Camden Even- 
ing Telegram; from that office it is now pub- 
lished. The editors and managers, while it 
was owned by the Printing and Publishing 
Comj)any, were Professor William Burns, 
John T. Brautigam, Thomas R. Hamilton, 
John H. McMurray, Benjamin M. Braker 
and Frederick H. Antrina. 

The Weekly Tribune, of Gloucester, was 
|)ul>lished by Thos. R. Hamilton and John H. 
McMurray. The first number was issued in 
April, 1882. On the 1st of January, 1883, 
they sold out to A. Aden Powell, who pub- 
lished it until May, 1884, when it was united 
with the Reporter. 

William Taylor started a pajier in Had- 
donfield and continued it for a year or more. 
Charles Whiteciir also published a paper for 
a time in that interesting town. 

SoiTTH Jersey News, of Haddonfield, 
first saw light on February 2, 1882. Its 
original name was Tlie iJirectory, and was 
fountled by its present owner, H. D. Speak- 
man, who was an invalid ; yet possessing 
plenty of enterprise, presented to the people 
of his town a little seven and three-fourths 
by eleven-inch sheet, three columns to a page 
and two pages. He printed and gratuitously 
distributed ime thousand copies per week, 
thus establishing a good circulation. The 
proprietor kept on increasing the size, and, 
in a few months, commenced a subscription 
price of fifty cents per year. This was cheer- 
fully responded to by the people and the 
name was altered to the present one. The 



330 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



circulation lias steadily iucreased. The News, 
from a small begiuniug, has grown to be 
quite a good-sized paper. 

The Chesiliiurst Tribune was founded 
in August, 1885, by the " Chesilhurst Tri- 
bune Company," of which W. G. Taylor be- 
came the manager and editor of the paper, 
and so continues. The Tribune is a neat, 
six-column quarto, devoted to local matters 
and the dissemination of Democratic princi- 
ples. It is printed at Philadelphia, but 
mailed from an office in the Richter block, at 
Chesilhurst, through the Waterford Works 
post-office. 

The Atco Argus was founded October 
1, 1878, by W. D. Siegfried, and published 
by him as a seven-columu folio. After a 
few months H. Y. Smith purchased a half- 
interest, and the paper was consolidated with 
the WdUamstown Advocate, the paper being 
then publisiied with a dual head in the in- 
terest of both villages. In May, 1880, 
Smith sold out his interest to M. J. Skinner 
and removed his ])ress to Berlin, where he 
published, for a short time, a paper devoted 
to the interests of Sabbath-schools. The 
Argus and Advocate was continued until 
February 4, 1881, when M. J. Skinner 
changed tiie name of the paper to the Herald 
and Times, and has since continued its pub- 
lication. It is an eight-column folio, local 
in its purposes and independent in politics. 



CHAPTER XVII. 

AUTHORS AND SCIENTISTS. 

The city and county of Camden have 
produced or had living within their bounds 
a number of men who have contributed val- 
uable works to literature or devoted careful 
attention to the study of science. Biograph- 
ical sketches of the leading ones are here 
given. 

Master Evelyn, one of the members of 



the English colony under Sir Edmund 
Ployden, at Fort Eriwomac, in what is now 
Stockton township, returned to England in 
1(5.37, and wrote a history of the newly-dis- 
covered region, in which he graphically de- 
scribed the country, and urged Earl Ployden 
to come to America and look after his pos- 
sessions. 

Thomas Sharp, the master-spirit of the 
Newton colony, was a man of fine intelli- 
gence. In 1718, thirty-.seven years after the 
first settlement at Newton, he wrote a " Me- 
morial of the First Settlers," giving much 
intere.sting personal history of the various 
members of the settlement, as well as their 
proceedings after arriving in the new country. 
It is on record at Trenton, and, being of es- 
])ecial historic interest, appears in full in the 
history of Haddon township, in this book. 
He also wrote some poetry, and was the first 
teacher in what is now Camden County. 

Nathaniel Evans, a native of Eng- 
land, born 1742, was a young man who had 
an excellent classical education and pos.sessed 
great talent. He was admitted to Holy 
Orders in London, came to America, and 
was chosen missionary to the Protestant Epis- 
copal Churches at Colestown and Gloucester 
by the Society for the Propagation of the 
Gospel in Foreign Parts, and served six 
years in that position. He died October, 
1767, at the early age of twenty-five year.s, 
and his remains were interred at Christ 
Church, Philadelphia. At the time of his 
death he left, in manu.script form, a collec- 
tion of poems, most of which were descrip- 
tive of local scenes and incidents, and of the 
beauties of the landscape scenery of the Del- 
aware and vicinity. These poems .show that 
the author had real poetic ability, and was a 
man of superior classical culture. They 
were published in book-form many years 
after his death, a copy of M'hich may be 
found in the Franklin Library, Philadelphia. 
The book was sold by subscription, and the 
names of the subscribers appear in it. 



AUTHORS ANP SCIENTISTS. 



331 



Rf;v. Dm. Robkrt Blackvvkt.l, live 
years after the death of Nathaniel Evan.s, 
came to New York under the authority of 
the Society for the Propagation of the 
Gospel in Foreign Parts, and, on tlie Iftth 
of November, 1772, took charge of the 
Episcopal Churches in this region of country 
— St. Mary's, at ( "ole-stown ; St. John's, at 
Gloucester; and St. Peter's, at (ireenwich. 
He resided at Haddonfield, on the site of 
the dwelling on Main Street, next below the 
new Baptist Churcli, now occupied by the 
Misses Kirby. The breaking out of the 
Revolutiouary War distracted the mission 
work, and Mr. Blackwell, in 1777, became 
chaplain of the First Pennsylvania Brigade, 
and surgeon of the regiments under General 
Anthony Wayne, and was at Valley Forge 
in 1778. At the close of the war he was 
called as assistant minister under Bishop 
Wiiite, and served thirty years in charge of 
Ciirist and St. Peter's Churches, Philadel- 
phia. While in Haddonfield he married 
Rebecca, daughter of Joseph Harrison, of 
Gloucester. She died a few years after, 
leaving a daughter, who become the wife of 
(Tcorge Willing, Esq., of Philadelphia. Rev. 
Blackwell married, as a second wife, the 
daughter of William Bingham, and sister 
of the William Bingham, the United States 
Senator. He was a member of the Amer- 
ican Philo.sophical Society, trustee of the 
University of Pennsylvania and of the 
E[)iscopal Academy, and acted in many ca- 
pacities in the church of which he was an 
active and leading member. He died at 
Philadelphia in February, 18."51. 

Richard Sxowdox, a son of Leonard 
and Jane Suowdon, was born in Pontefract, 
Yorkshire, Englaud, April 15, 1753. He 
was of one of the old families of York- 
shire, where he was educated. He came to 
America with his father wlien a young man, 
and after visiting various places, settled at 
Burlington, N. J., and from thence made his 
residence a short distiince from Haddonfield, 



in (Jloucester ( ounty. lie iiad been liber- 
ally educated and was employed as a teacher, 
in which he was successful. 

In 179.'] he published a " History of the 
Revolutionary War," written after the style of 
the Scriptures— in two volumes — which at- 
tracted much attention. Two years later he 
published "The Columbiad," a poem relating 
to the .same period. A second edition of this 
work was printed in Baltimore. In 1805 he 
published his " History of Nortli and South 
America " from the time of their discovery to 
the death of Washington. It is a valuable 
and reliable work. 

In 1807 he removed to Woodi>ury, and in 
connection with teaching school became a 
conveyancer, and having been appointed a 
master in the Court of Chancery, became a 
useful citizen. He was public-spirited and 
took much interest in the improvements of 
his adopted country. At the Friends' Meet- 
ing in Haddonfield he was married to Sarah 
Brown in 1779, by whom he had several 
children. He died at the residence of his 
son in Philadelphia, March 21, 1825. His 
published works at this day are much sought 
after, especially his " History of the Revolu- 
tionary War," which is curious and uni(pie. 

Richard Jordax, one of the prominent 
ministers of the Society of Friends iu Amer- 
ica, for many years resided in Camden 
Comity. He was born at Elizabeth, Norfolk 
County, Va., December 19, 1756. When he 
attained his manhood he becanie a forcible and 
earnest speaker, traveled extensively in the 
United States and in Europe, and visited 
many Friends' Meetings, earnestly engaged Iti 
the work of the ministry. In 1809 he set- 
tled among the Friends of Newton Meeting, 
and in October of that year, "after a pleasant 
journey from Rhode Island, arrived at Sam- 
uel Cooper's, near the place of his intended 
residence, and met with a kind reception 
from that amiable family." He .settled on a 
farm within a mile of the Newton Meeting. 
His " Journal," written between the years 



332 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



17(33 anil 1826, was published in book-foriu 
(luring the last-mentioned year, in an octavo 
volume of one hundred and seventy-two 
pages. It is a very readable book, is well 
written and illustrates that he was an earnest 
and fiiitht'ul worker to advance the truth of 
the Gospel and the interest of his religious 
society. 

He died near Camden on the lotii day of 
October, 1826, in the seventieth year of his 
age, having been a minister over forty years. 
His " Journal " was ])ublished under the auspi • 
ces of Haddonfield Monthly Meeting, which 
paid a glowing tribute to his memory. 

Dr. Isaac S. Mulford, of Camden (a 
biography of whom will be found in the 
medical chapter of this work), was a lec- 
turer on medical and scientific subjects, 
and was the author of a number of arti- 
cles which appeared in medical journals. 
In 1848 he published a work of five hun- 
dred pages, entitled a " Civil and Political 
History of New Jersey." It is written in 
elegant English, and is recognized as a work 
of historic merit. 

IsAAi' Mickle, who.se biography will be 
found on page 221, obtained a liberal educ^i- 
tion, with a view to . the practice of the law, 
and was granted an attorney's license in 1 845. 
His tastes, however, were more for literature 
and antiquarian research, and in the course 
of his short life collected much valuable 
material in that direction. He became editor 
of the Camden Democrat and managed that 
paper with ability for several years. He 
was author of the " Reminiscences of Old 
Gloucester," in which work his indu.stry and 
good judgment are manifest, .saving from loss 
many facts and incidents relating to the first 
setttlemcuts along the Delaware River. 

Dr. L. F. Fi.si.eu, whose biography will 
be found in the medieval chapter of this work, 
in 1858 wrote and published a local history 
of Camden, a carefully-prepared little vol- 
ume of sixty-two pages, containing much 
interesting information. 



John Clement, who, since 1864, has been 
lay judge of the Court of Errors and Ap- 
peals, has turned much of his time to anti- 
quarian literature and the examination of 
original documents. This line of study and 
investigation led him to prepare a very val- 
uable book, entitled " The First Settlers of 
Newton," containing four hundred and forty- 
two pages, published in 1877. Judge Clem- 
ent later wrote and published the " Re- 
miniscences of Old Gloucester County in the 
Revolution" and " The West New Jersey 
Society," and has contributed numerous ar- 
ticles on historical subjects to the current 
magazines and the local newspapers. 

Walt Whitman was born at West Hills. 
Huntington, Suffolk County, State of New 
York, May 31, 1819 ; father, a farmer and 
carpenter, descended from early English 
immigration ; mother's maiden-name. Van 
Velsor, of Holland-Dutch stock ; was 
brought up in Brooklyn and New York 
Cities and went to the public schools ; as a 
young man, worked at type-setting and writ- 
ing in printing-offices ; has traveled and lived 
in all parts of the United States, from Canada 
to Texas, inclusive ; began his book of 
poems — " Leaves of Grass" — in 1855, and 
completed it in 1881, when, after six or 
seven .stages, the final edition was issued. 
Mr. Whitman is also author of a prose book, 
— " Specimen Days and Collect," — publish- 
ed in 1883. During 1863, '64 and '65, he was 
actively occupied in the army hospitals and 
on the battle-fields of the Secession War, as 
care-taker for the worst cases of the wounded 
and sick of both armies. A little while af- 
ter the close of the war, he had a severe para- 
lytic stroke, from which he has never since 
entirely recovered ; lives in partial seclusion 
in Camden, N. J.; calls himself " a half- 
paralytic ;" still writes and lectures occasion- 
ally. * 

The foregoing paragraph (from a late 
book, by Allen Thorndike Rice) gives a con- 
densed but correct statement of the life of Mr. 



AUTHORS AND SCIENTISTS. 



333 



Wliitmsu), who has been a resident (iF Cam- 
den for over thirteen years, — since 187."]. In 
addition to the two volumes mcMitioned 
above, must be named a third oue, — " No- 
vember Boughs," — now about appearing, and 
which will, probably, complete the author's 
utterances. One of Whitman's critics says : 
" He is the greatest optimist that ever lived, 
and believes that America leads the world." 

At the present date (November, 188G) he 
is dwelling in a little cottage of his own, 
;5"28 Mickle Street, Camden, not far from the 
Delaware River. In person he is large, 
ruddy-faced, white-haired, long-bearded, 
stout and tall, and weighs two hundred 
pounds ; his mental powers clear as ever, 
but his body disabled in movement, the 
legs almost entirely. He is unmarried and 
lives in a very plain and democratic manner. 
His books yield a narrow income. In a late 
notice, by one of his friends, it is said " the 
older he grows, the more gay-hearted Walt 
Whitman becomes." His works are, prob- 
ably, moi'e read in Europe, especially the 
British Islands, than in America. 

Dr. Reynei.l Coates, a sketch of whom 
will be found on page 247, possessed one of 
the most brilliant intellects of the State of 
New Jei'sey. He was well-educated in the 
classics, in the natural sciences and in general 
literature. Altliough a physician by pro- 
fession, he devoted most of his time to liter- 
ary pursuits. In 1852 he was nominated 
for Vice-President on the Native American 
ticket, with Daniel Webster for President. 
He moved to Camden about 1850. He was 
the author of " Leaflets of Memory,'' 
" School of Physiology," " Domestic Prac- 
tice " and other well-known works. He de- 
livered a lecture, in 1836, before tiie Phila- 
delphia County Medical Society, on the 
" Necessity for the Imj)rovement and Ad- 
vancement of Medical Education," and 
delivered a series of very successful lectures 
in Boston and elsewhere. He was a power- 
ful and logical speaker, having a fine phys- 



i<(ue, commanding presence and graceful 
delivery, while his mental grasp of Ids 
sul)ject, whether purely professional, politi- 
cal, philosophical or literary, carried convic- 
tion with it and made him one of the men 
of mark of his day. He was intimately 
associated with Poe, Willis, Griswold and 
other literary lights. It always annoyed him 
to think that of all his literary productions, 
the one holding the most prominent place, 
and yet popular, is " The Gambler's Wife," 
which lie always contended was marred bv 
an addition for " stage effects." 

EinVATU) D. Co.PE, the distinguished 
scholar and scientist, resided for a number of 
years in the village of Haddonfield, where he 
performed a considerable portion of the sci- 
entific investigations which have made his 
name famous. He was born in Philadelphia 
in 1840. In early life he manifested an es- 
pecial predilection for the .study of the nat- 
ural sciences, and while a mere youth had 
mastered the more complex aspects which a 
close investigation of the anatomy and mor- 
phology of animal life revealed. He received 
his first systematic training in the Acad- 
emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 
towards the extension of who.se vast collec- 
tions he sub.sequently very materially assisted. 
His earliest published contributions to .science 
were in the departments of herpetology and 
ichthyology, in lioth of which fields he be- 
came a recognized authority. He next ex- 
plored the fields of vertebrate paleontology, 
and now probably has no peer in this de- 
partment of scientific knowledge, his discov- 
eries being made principally in the Western 
Territories. The repeated annual expeditions 
to the region of the Rocky Mountains, partlv 
in conjunction with the explorations of the 
United States Geological Survey, but dur- 
ing the past few years conducted at his 
own individual expense, have brought forth 
a wealth of departed animal forms, bewild- 
ering in the manifold types of structure 
which they embody. These, which are to be 



334 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 



counted by hundredsof species, fishes, ampliib- 
ious reptiles and mammals, throw surpris- 
ing light on the evolution or genesis of life- 
forms, and render comprehensible the com- 
plexities of type structure which we find rep- 
resented in the living fauna of the present 
day. Professor Cojie is a firm upholder of 
the doctrine of evolution, but inclines to the 
Lamarckian hy])othesis of transformism, or 
to that explanation of the phenomena of var- 
iation which involves the assistance of the 
immediate mechanical law, rather than to 
pure Darwinism. 

His paleontological e.'jploratious were prin- 
cipally among the Permian deposits of Texas 
and New Mexico, the Cretaceous deposits of 
New Jersey (" greensands ") and the West, 
the Laramie beds and the Tertiaries of the 
Central Basin, but his excursions are also in 
great measure extra-liinital, embracing Mex- 
ico, South America, etc., etc. His observa- 
tions are embodied in several ponderous vol- 
umes, published under the authority of the 
United Stales Geological Survey, in greater 
part contributions to the Hayden series of 
reports, and in many papers published iu 
the American Naturalist (of which he is the 
responsible editor), the Proceedings and Jour- 
nal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, and 
the Transactions of the American Philosoph- 
ical Society. Professor Cope is a member 
of numerous scientific associations of this 
country and Europe, and was the recipient of 
the Bigsby gold medal of the Geological So- 
ciety of London in 1879. The University 
of Heidelberg conferred upon him its doc- 
torate in 188(), and distinguished honors have 
been placed upon him by many of the learn- 
ed societies of the world. 

CHARiiKS F. Pakkbr, a well-known bota- 
nist, and for a number of years, and up to the 
time of his death, curator-in-chargc of the 
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 
was born in that city November 9, 1820, 
and died iu Camden September 7, 1883, 
where he had resided since 1853. He was a 



book-binder by trade, but was much interested 
in the natural sciences, and had made collec- 
tions of plants, shells, insects and minerals. 
His herbarium, purchased immediately after 
his death by Princeton College, was partic- 
ularly rich in the flora of New Jersey. No 
other botanist had made so many visits to 
the vast pine barrens and swamps of the 
State, or had collected so extensively ; and 
this collection is one of the finest and most 
jDerfect in existence, a monument of his skill, 
energy and patience. Before he became a 
member of the academy, in 1865, he was well- 
known to Gray, Torrey, Watson and other 
distinguished botanists. Many of his speci- 
mens to-day enrich the herbariums of 
scientists and institutions both in Europe and 
America. At the desire of Dacwin, he made 
for him a collection of American insect-eat- 
ing plants. He was one of the first to dis- 
cover that the ballast deposits in and around 
Philadelphia and Camden afforded a new 
field for botanical study. His conchological 
knowledge frequently enabled him to de- 
termine, from occasional fragments of shells, 
the jiart of the world from which the strange 
plants found in these deposits had oome. 

Born a naturalist, he had an innate faculty 
for classifying, selecting and arranging, com- 
bined with nice tactual and great manual 
dexterity. Prof. Grey said his mounted 
specimens were unrivaled. A great part of 
the academy's collection, so diverse and so 
extensive, bears evidence of his skill, labor, 
taste and pains. During the ten years of 
his administration as curator-in-charge the 
actual manual work of arrangement, as well 
as the general scientific determination of 
much of the material added during that time, 
besides much that was on hand, but still 
unclassified, was performed by himself. 

Soon after becoming a member he devoted 
all the time he could spare from his bindery, 
and, with Messrs. Durand, Meeliau, Burke 
and Redfield, rearranged the academy's her- 
barium. Tliere, alone, he spent all liis leisure 



AUTHORS AND SCIENTISTS 



335 



for several years in the ^ysteiimtic urraiige- 
iiieiit of the conchologieal collection, prepar- 
ing and mounting in his own superior style 
over one hundred thousand specimens. Dur- 
ing his curatoi'ship he mounted between 
thirty and forty thousand additional speci- 
mens, all outside of the time for which he 
was employed. His skill was so well known 
that he was asked to arrange and classify the 
<'ollections of some of our colleges. His own 
shells, after his decease, were accepted at the 
|)rice named by a gentleman in the West. 

In the preliminary catalogue of the tiora 
of New Jersey, printed under the auspices of 
the State Geological Survey, he gave con- 
siderable time. 

He left no public writings, and had lie left 
no collections, his volunteer labors alone 
(^wiiich were una})proached by that of any 
other member), in arranging and better adapt- 
ing the academy's invaluable museum for 
scientific study, would have been no mean 
contribution to the promotion of knowledge. 

James S. Lippincott, a resident of Had- 
<lonfield, N. J., for several years before his 
death, was a man of good literary and scien- 
tific attainments. He contributed many 
articles to scientific magazines and assisted 
the Agricultural Department at Washington 
in making its annual report relial)le and 
attractive. 

He edited an American edition of " Cham- 
bers' Encyclopaedia," and did much work on 
'' Lippincott's Biographical Dictionary." 

He was a close observer of the weather, and 
his notes of climatic changes and influences 
an.' valuable additions to that branch of 
knowledge. His industry and perseverance 
are shown in the general and exhaustive index 
lie made of the Friend, a religious journal, 
and devoted to the interests of that society, 
extending through forty volumes. 

He twice visited Europe-, and traveled ex- 
tensively there, making notes of the people, 
tlie country and resources, which he put in 
the shape of letters to the press and to his 



fViends. He colh-'cted much genealogical 
data relating to both branches of his family, 
Lippincott and Starr, but his enfeebled health 
prevented his arranging it before his death. 

His library was large and select, containing 
volumes entirely out of print, and but seldom 
met with. Any ])urpose that advanced knowl- 
edge, or developed any particular branch of 
science, he was in sympathy with. His 
manuscripts are extensive and will increase 
in value, making it desiratde that they be 
kept together, where they could be consulted 
by those of like tastes and in search of like 
knowledge. He was a devoted student and 
genial companion, always familiar with the 
literature of the day and ready with good- 
natured criticism. He was twice married, 
but left no children. He died March 17, 
1S.S5, in the sixty-fifth year of his age, to be 
nuich missed by his friends and associates. 

\ViLi,iAM Fewsmith, author of the well- 
known Fewsmith's English Grammars, was 
born in Philadelphia in tlie year 1826, and 
is a son of Joseph Fewsmith. When he 
was six years old his parents removed to the 
vicinity of Haddonfield. He obtained a pre- 
])aratory education in the schools of that 
village and in Franklin Park Boarding- 
School, ncnir Burlington. After spendingthree 
years in an academy at Colchester, Conn., 
he entered Western Reserve College, in Ohio, 
and there passed the freshman year. At the 
expiration of this time he went to Yale Col- 
lege, and was graduated from that institution 
in 1844, with a class of one hundred and 
six, of whom about thirty-five are now living. 
While in college Mr. Fewsmith was recog- 
nized as the best Latin and (jreek scholar in 
his class, and took several prizes for his pro- 
ficiency in reading those languages at sight. 
From 1844 to 1857 he was teacher of ancient 
languages and English grammar in a private 
academy in Philadelphia. He then opened 
a .school himself at Tenth Street and Arch, in 
that city, continued it there until 18(i0, when 
he removed to 1008 Chestnnt Street, and has 



336 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



since conducted the well-known " Few.sniitli 
Classical and Mathematical School " at that 
place, with gratifying success to himself and 
with satisfaction to its numerous patrons. 
Sin(« he entered the professiou of teaching, in 
1844, he has trained more than one thousand 
different pupils, many of whom have since 
gained prominence in law, medicine and 
theology. His influence as an instructor of 
the young has been productive of much good. 
In 1867 he was elected superintendent of the 
schools of Camden and did efficient work in re- 
organizing and grading them. He filled this 
position for several years, and in the mean 
time continued his school in Philadelphia. 
In 1867 the firm of Sower, Potts & Co., of 
Phihidel})hia, published his "Grammar of the 
English Language " and "' Elementary Gram- 
mar," both of which have had a wide cir- 
culation and extensive sale in the schools of 
this country. 

Joseph F. Garrison, M.D., D.D., for 
twenty-nine years rector of St. Paul's Epis- 
copal Church, Camden, was the only son of 
Dr. Charles Garrison, of Deerfield, Cumber- 
land County, N. J., and was bom in Fairton, 
in that same county, on January 20, 1823. 
His father removed to Swede.sboro', Glouces- 
ter County, N. J., in the latter part of this 
year, where he became one of the most prom- 
inent physicians in New Jersey, and prac- 
ticed medicine for over fifty years. 

J. F. Garrison entered the sophomore class 
in Princeton College in 1839, and -was grad- 
uated, third in his class, in 1842. He at 
once began the study of medicine in the 
University of Pennsylvania, and was an of- 
fice .student of Dr. Edward Peai'ce and Dr. 
William Pepper, the latter being the father 
of the present distinguished professor and 
provost of the University of Pennsylvania. 
Dr. Garrison received his diploma in medi- 
cine in 1845, and settled in Swedesboro', 
where he practiced in connection with his 
father until 1855, when he entered the min- 
istry of the Ej)iscopal Church. He was or- 



dained deacon by JJishop Doane on .June 3, 
1855, in Trinity Church, Swedesboro', and 
was almost immediately invited to take 
charge of St. Paul's Church, Camden, which 
had been vacant for some months after the 
death of Rev. Joseph Lybrand. Dr. Garri- 
son entered on the duties of minister in this 
[)arish in September, 1855. 

In 1879 Dr. Garrison received the honorary 
degree of D.D., from his old college, Prince- 
ton, N. J., and in June, 1884, he was elected 
professor of liturgies, canon law and eccle- 
siastical polity, on the " Moorhead founda- 
tion," in the Episcopal Divinity School of 
Philadelphia. Having decided to accept this 
appointment. Dr. Garrison resigned the rec- 
torship of St. Paul's from September 1, 1884, 
and immediately entered on the duties of the 
chair entrusted to him. 

From the beginning of his connection with 
the ministry of the church Dr. Garrison was 
active in the general affairs of the Diocese of 
New Jersey. He was dean of the Convoca- 
tion of Burlington for a considerable period ; 
an examining chaplain to the bishop for 
more than twenty-five years ; one of the 
deputies to the General Convention from 
1874 ; a member, and subsequently president, 
of the standing committee of the diocese, 
and was for some time a diocesan trustee of 
the General Theological Seminary, in New 
York. He has also been appointed as the 
Bohlen lecturer for the year 1887. The 
published writings of Dr. Garrison have 
been a considerable number of articles in the 
Church Review and elsewhere, and several 
sermons, the most important of the latter 
being " The Centennial Discourse," delivered 
in New Brunswick, N. J., at the request of 
the bishop of the old diocese in tlie State on 
May 5, 1885, upon the occasion of the cele- 
bration of the one hundredth anniversary 
of the organization of the Episcopal Church 
in the State of New Jersey. The sermon is 
an extended account of the character of the 
Colonial Church, and of the events connected 




^^. 



^zWSJ 



AUTHORS AND SCIENTISTS. 



837 



witli its .s('[);iratioii tVuiii tlu' mother churoti 
in England, and the beginnings, in the same 
year, of the General Conventions of the 
Church in the United States and the Diocesan 
Conventions of New Jersey. 

Isaac C. Martindale was born in By- 
berry, Philadelphia County, Pa., July 15, 
1842. His parents were members of the 
Society of Friends, and his early education 
Vv'as acquired chiefly at schools under the 
control of P'riends. His father was a de- 
scendant from John Martindell, who, early in 
the history of the country, settled in Bucks 
County, Pa. Many of the family name 
have become prominent in the history of that 
part of Pennsylvania, and of late years we 
find them scattered all over the country. 
Some remarkable instances of longevity are 
noted in different branches of the family. 
His mother was the daughter of Jo.seph 
Comly, a brother of John Comly, an eminent 
mini.ster of the Society of Friends, the au- 
thor of " Comly 's Spelling-book," "Coml3''s 
Grammar," etc., and who, with another 
brother, Isaac Comly, edited Friends' 3Iiseel- 
lany and other periodicals. The literary 
ability thus conspicuously marked can Ije 
traced backward through several generations, 
and the subject of this sketch, whose portrait 
is herewith given, has inherited it in a good 
degree. 

While living on his father's farm he took 
up the study of natural history, and, not- 
withstanding his scanty supply of books, he 
early became possessed of considerable scien- 
tific knowledge. The geology and mineral- 
ogy of the neighborhood were especially stud- 
ied. Ornithology received much attention, 
till he became (|uite familiar with the names 
and habits of most of the birds that belong 
to that part of the country. He, too, was quite 
familiar with astronomy and meteorology, and 
was one of the appointed meteorological ob- 
servers of the Smithsonian Institution at 
Washington for a number of years. 

His favorite study, however, was botany, 



wiiicli he began soon after leaving school 
and has continued it ever since, so that he 
ranks among the noted botani.sts of the 
country ; he has contributed largely to scien- 
tific periodicals on this subject and has ae- 
ennudated a collection of specimens in the 
form of a herbarium, the finest in New Jer- 
se}', with but few in the country snrpa.ssing 
it, embracing tens of thousands of species 
from various parts of the world, the flora of 
North America, including Mexico, being very 
I'ully represented, as well as that of Great 
liritain, France, Germany, Russia, Palestine, 
Arabia, Australia, New Zealand and other 
islands of the Pacific Ocean. This depait- 
ment of study has brought him in intimate 
association with the eminent scientists of the 
day. He is a member of many of the learned 
societies of the country, and has done much 
to encourage and foster the study of scientific 
subjects in Camden (Jounty by his identity 
with and aid to local institutions. 

In 1867 Mr. Martiudale left the farm to 
accept a position as clerk in the National 
State Bank of Camden, of which Jesse 
Townsend, also a native of Byberry, Pa., was 
cashier. By diligent attention he became so 
familiar with all the details of the banking 
business that at the death of Jesse Townsend, 
in 1871, he was elected ca.shier. In April, 
1874, the sudden death of his wife occurred 
while in attendance at a religious meeting at 
Fifteenth and Race Streets, Philadelphia 
(she was Hannah Ann Kirk, daughter of 
Samuel Kirk, of Byberry, Pa.). In the 
month of June of the same year, in order to 
recuperate his health, which had become im- 
paired, he took a trip to Europe and traveled 
through Scotland, England, Germany, Switz- 
erland and France. Pie visited many mu- 
seums and scientific collections both in Eng- 
land and on the Continent, and also made a 
collection of several hundreds of specimens 
of the Alpine flora of the country. He re- 
turned in the autumn of 1874, resuming 
his position as cashier, which he retained till 



338 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



February, 1885, wheu lie resigned. He then 
l)ecame interested witli others in the estab- 
lishment of a bank in South Camden, and 
soon had in operation the Camden National 
Bank, of which he is now cashier. The 
literary ability which he inherited led him to 
become quite a contributor to magazines and 
i)ther periodicals, and while his articles are 
largely on scientific subjects, others are often 
(i)und, even the poetic vein not being omitted, 
lie has taken much interest in local histories; 
was engaged for several years in collecting 
material for a history of the townships of 
IJyberry and Moreland, Philadelphia County, 
Pa., which was afterwards published by his 
hi'other, Joseph C. Martiudale, M.D. 

Soon after coming to Camden he i)repared 
and published in the West Jersey Press a 
series of " Objects of Interest in and around 
( 'amden," which have been very serviceable 
in the preparation of this history. His con- 
nection with various literary societies has 
made him quite au earnest public speaker. 
In recent years he has become quite prominent 
in the meetings of the Society of Friends, of 
which he is a member. 

He married Lizzie Ball, daughter (_>f John 
Ball, a native of Quakertown, Bucks Couu- 
ty, Pa., a few years ago, and now resides in 
Camden ; he has a family of two sons — 
VV^allace S. and Charles B. — and one daugh- 
ter, Emma K., by his first wife. 

Geoffrey Buckwalteu, principal of the 
First School District of Camden, is an 
occasional coutributor to the periotlical liter- 
ature of the day, and the author of a " Pri- 
mary " and a " Comprehensive Spelling- 
Hook " and " A Practical System of Penman- 
siiip," consisting of two series of copy-books. 
The spelling-books were published by Porter 
tt Coates in 1879, and the copy-books by the 
same firm, in 1884 and 1885. 

Barteam L. Bonsall, for several years 
jnist theenterprising proprietorof the Canuleii 
Post,, which influential journal was estab- 
lished greatly through his energy, in 1882 



wrote and published a work of one hundred 
and ninety-four pages, entitled " Cash ; or. 
Practical Hints from Practical People." The 
book . contains interesting instruction and 
valuable information. 

Dr. J. Dunbar Hylton, of Palmyra, 
is the author of " Betrayed ; A Northern 
Tale in seven parts." One volume, two hun- 
dred and eighty-eight pages. " The Bride of 
(xettysburg. An Episode of 186.3." One 
volume, one hundred and seventy-two pages. 
" Above the Grave and thePnesidicide, etc." 
One volume, two hundred and twenty-eight 
pages. " The Heir of Lyolynn. A tale of 
Sea and Land, in seven parts ; Lays of An- 
cient Times ; Song of the Engineer to his 
Engine while conveying President Garfield 
from Washington to Long Branch ; and nu- 
merous Charades and Riddles." One volume, 
five hundred and forty pages. "Above the 
Grave of John Odenswurge." 

George F. Fort, a member of the Cam- 
den County bar, is the author of an " Historical 
Treatise on Early Builders' Works," " ]Medi- 
eval Builders," " Medical Economy during the 
Middle Ages " and " Early History and An- 
tiquities of Masonry." 

Botanists. — The opportunities afforded 
for the study of botany, led many persons 
into it, but no society was organized to 
that especial end till 1870, when a scien- 
tific circle of the Camden Literary and I^i- 
brary Association was established, Isaac C. 
Martiudale being the prime mover therein. 
The purpose was to have the different de- 
partments of natural science repi-esented, 
whenever persons thus interested should call 
up the various subjects ; but the botanictd 
circle was the only one regularly organ- 
ized. Mr. Martiudale was elected its presi- 
dent ; Reynell Coates, M.D., vice-president ; 
and Mrs. Mary L. (iilbert, secretary. The 
meetings were held at the library-room. No. 
lot) Market Street, Camden. The exer- 
cises consisted of hn'tures, ])rcsentation of 
specimens, descriptions of rare localities, etc. 



AUTHORS AND SCIENTISTS. 



339 



Befsides the officers above rneutioned, those 
wlio took an active part at the meetings were 
Rudolphus Bingham, Miss Carrie A. Boyce, 
Mrs. Harriet M. Harned, John F. Harncd, 
Frederick Bouri|uiu, Thomas Gilbert, Mrs. 
Virginia R. Naisby, Charles F. Parker, 
Wallace M. Smith, S. D. Button, Miss E. J. 
Burnside, ]\I.D., Frank Harned, J. T. Penny- 
packer, y. W. Cochran, Heury Harned, U. 
F. Richards, W. S. Johnson, Miss Lizzie A. 
Sanders, M.D., Mrs. Dr. Pratt, Carrie Titus, 
Lillie Titus, Clara Titus, Minnie Titus, Mi.ss 
Salina A. Rule, Charles P. Burrough and 
Mr. and Mrs. J. Hugill. Mr. Martindale 
gave a series of illustrated lectures on tiic 
adopted classification of the animal, vegetable 
and mineral kingdoms. Mr. Bourquiu dis- 
coursed on ferns and mosses, his especial study, 
and also on the culture of roses. Dr. Coates 
gave a number of di,scour.ses on natural .sci- 
ence, relating his experience as a naturalist 
while attached to exploring expeditions in 
former year.s. Rudolphus Bingham, with 
his fund of information, became a very active 
and influential member. The meetings were 
continued several yeare, adjourning usually 
in the summer season. After their final dis- 
continuance, among all the lovers of botany 
in Camden, who continued active as botanists, 
we find only the names of Isaac C. Marti ti- 
dale, Charles F. Parker and Carrie A. Boice, 
probably because many had removed to other 
localities, some had died and others became 
engro.ssed with manifold duties and respon- 
sibilities tiiat left little time tor .scientific 
study. 

The Mickoscopicvl Society of Ca.m- 
DEX was formed November 7, 1878, by a 
few gentlemen desirous of improving them- 
selves in microscopical investigation. The 
original members were Jo.seph C. De la Cour, 
Albert P. Brown, Ph.D., Joseph L. De la 
Cour, Samuel W. Cochran, M. F. Middleton, 
M.D., William D. Clark, Harry S. Fortiner, 
I. Harvey Wroth, M.rX, Alfred W. Test an<i 
C. Henry Kain. The first president of the 



society, Albert P. Brown, occupies the posi- 
tion of microscopical preceptor in the Phila- 
delphia College of Piiarmacy, Philadelphia, 
and has been in.strumental in advancing the 
use of the microscope in that institution, 

Mr. Brown was succeeded by Isaac C. 
Martindale, whose botanical knowledge is 
too well appreciated to call for more than in- 
cidental mention. 

The present chief officer, C. Henry Kaiu, 
has devoted his time and labor to the study 
of the diatomacete, on which subject he is an 
acknowledged authority. He is at present 
engaged in preparing a list of the diatoms of 
New Jersey, which, when completed, will be 
a valuable contribution to the literature of 
tiiat order. 

V^arious papers of scientific interest have 
been read at the meetings of the society, and 
an effort is made to have, during the winter 
of each year, an exhibition at .some public 
place of the work of the season. These 
snirefis are always largely attended, and have 
had the effect of increasing the membership. 

The present membership is about thirty. 
( )f the originators, but five are now connected 
with the society. 

The following is a jiartial list of members 
(if this society, together witii the subjects 
upon which they are specialists : 

A. P. Brown, Ph.D., chemical microscopy and urinary depu8it^- 

G. G. Browning, general microscopy, adulteration of drugs. 

Rudolphus Bingham, botany, effects of alcohol. 

James Buckle, occult science. 

.lohn B. Betts, entomology, desiuidacsa-. 

I. S. Cheney, choice mounting, section preparation. 

J, Loriot De la Cour, entomology, chemical microscopy. 

Louis T. Derousse, entomology, general microscopy. 

John H. Dialogue, Jr., general microscopy. 

Samuel Hufty, general microscopy. 

E. M. Howard, M.D., bacteria, goneiul microscopy, histology. 

Charles A. Hotchkiss, diatomacese, general microscopy. 

Henry Harned, general science. 

C. Heury Kain, diatomacea), special preparation of sliiles. 

Isaac C. Martindale, botany, general microscopy. 

M. F. Middleton, M.D., clinical microscopy, liistoU>{^-y. 

E. F, Moody, engineering, physicB. 

A. A. Moss, general science. 

Edwin Morgan, general science. 

George T. Robinson, electricity, microscopy, fungi. 

E. E. Reed, general microscopy, adulteration of foods 

S. Howard Troth, general micrcscopy. 

.\aron Van Gelder, general microscopy. 

I. Francis Walsh, clinical microscopy. 



340 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



CHAPTEH XVIII. 

I'UHLIC INTERNAL IMrR( )VEMf:>;'rs. 

Indian Trails and Early Roads. — 
Colonel Thomas H. Benton once said that the 
buffalo established the courses and positions 
of the great highways aci'oss the continent, 
which, in a broad sense, is true ; but in the 
Eastern States it is more exact to say that the 
present routes of" travel by land were first in- 
dicated by the aborigines. 

In almost any given region of territory it 
will be found that the centres or chief seats 
of the past and present populations have 
occupied practically the same ground, and so 
general is this rule that where a marked ex- 
ception has occurred, peculiar aud potent 
causes may be looked for as its explanation. 
As a natural se(juence to this truth that the 
centres of population of successive races have 
been generally one and the same, it follows 
that the highways of travel in the past and in 
the present must similarly coincide or ap- 
))roximate. The lines along which, with roar 
aud rumble, the locomotive now rushes with 
its mighty load, making an old-time day's 
journey in sixty minutes, are almost exactly 
coincident with the first rude wagon-roads of 
the pioneers of two centuries ago, and also 
with the paths or trails along the water- 
courses and through the easiest mountain 
j)asses trodden froia time immemorial by the 
inoccasined foot of the red man. In one re- 
spect, then, it is literally true that civilization 
has followed in tiie footsteps of barbarism ; 
that the skilled surveyor and engineer has 
followed with scientific instruments where the 
ignorant savage first went, guided only by 
the instincts of woodcraft. The difference 
between the new and the old is far less in the 
direction or lines of communication than in 
tiio method of travel, and the moderns, with 
all of tlieir wisdom and knowledge, have 
done little besides making grand improve- 
ments on old routes — l>uil(liug with stone 



and iron aud steel, it is true, but, nevertheless, 
along the course of the old, narrow, leaf- 
strewn path that the Indian first found out 
was the most direct and practicable line of 
communication between two given points. 

The Indian trail which led from Perth 
Amboy to Salem, where in early times 
M-as an Indian village, was one of the ear- 
liest routes used by the whites at the time 
of their first explorations in New Jersey. It 
passed through Haddoufield, at which place 
was an Indian village and considerable 
cleared land, which later was known as the 
" (Ireat Field." George Fox, during his 
travels in America in 1672, in his journey 
irom Maryland to New York, passed along 
this trail through West Jersey. In his 
journal he says : " We came one night to an 
Indian town aud lay all night at the King's 
house, who was a very pretty man. Both he 
and his wife received us very lovingly, and 
his attendants (such as they were) were very 
respectful to us. They laid mats for us to lie 
on, but provisions were very short with them, 
having caught but little that day." 

Soon after West Jersey was vested in the 
proprietors, they felt the importance of open- 
ing a highway between the towns of Bur- 
lington and Salem, these being the only 
towns in West Jersey prior to 1682, and also 
the county-seats of Burlington and Salem 
Counties. Accordingly, on the 12th of No- 
vember, 1681, the Legislature of New Jer- 
sey passed au act authorizing the laying out 
of a highway between the two towns. The 
act provided for the appointment of twenty 
men — ten from Burlington and ten from Sa- 
lem County — wlio were to carry out its pro- 
visions. At that time there were no white 
settlers within the limits of Camden County, 
except possibly a few families of Swedes, 
who formerly lived on the site of Fort Ara- 
womac, at the mouth of Pensauken Creek. 

The road then laid out followed the old 
Indian trail, which led" from the site of Pertli 
Amboy through the .site of Burlington to Sa- 



PUBLIC INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 



341 



leiu, where was formerly an Indian village. 
It crossed the streams near their sources, 
where they were easily forded. The ford 
through Coopers Creek at first was a short 
distance above Haddonfield, at a place later 
Ivnown as Uxbridge. This road was merely 
a bridle-path, and very crooked. As the 
amount of travel increased, the road v>'as 
straightened and widened ; but as for many 
years the early settlers traveled on horseback 
only, it was not until about 1730 tliat car- 
riages of any kind were introduced. The 
Hrst .settlers usually located on land along the 
streams, aud small boats were used on them 
to convey produce and merchandise. 

When towns were laid out along the line 
(if tliis road, which was known as the "Kings 
Highway," the roadway through the town 
was increased to one hundred feet in width. 
It is quite evident that the line of the road 
where it passed over Coopers Creek was 
changed quite early, a.s, the 13th of March, 
1744, the town-meeting of Newton agreed 
that "ye Mill hill near Lsaac Kays, in the 
road to Burlington, be mended.'" 

A bridge was built over Timber Creek 
(called also, in the early records, Gloucester 
River) as early as 1687, an account of which 
will be found in the article on Creeks and 
Bridges. 

The aborigines fixed the pathways from 
tlie Atlantic Ocean to the Delaware River, 
aci-oss the State of New Jersey, aud long 
licfore the white men attempted to explore 
tiie forests, the lines of travel through the 
country had become plain and beaten paths. 
For many years after the first settlements 
on the ocean and the river the only track 
between them was along these Indian trails." 
Several of these were through Atlantic aud 
Camden Counties; one began at Soniers 

1 Isaac Kay owned at that time the mill property now 
in possession of Joseph G. Evans. The mill was on 
the south side of Coopers Creek, and in the limits of 
the present mill pond, and the hill was evidently the 
one in front of the Mann property in Haddonfield. 
40 



Point and extended along the east side of 
Great Egg Harbor River, so as to ])ass 
to the north of the heads of the branches 
of Babcocks Creek, over the low lands to the 
tributaries of Little Egg Harbor River, called 
" the Locks," by the Blue Anchor tavern, 
crossed the head of Great Egg Harbor River 
at Long a-Con)ing (Berlin), pas.sed a short 
distance south of Haddonfield, over the mid- 
die branch of Newton Creek at Atmores 
Dam, and thence to Coopers Ferry. This 
trail was used as a road many years, and as 
early as 1691) was known as the Pliiladclphia 
and Egg Harbor road. It was not laid 
out according to law, and has been aban- 
iloned. It may be described in this county 
as lying between tlie road from Camden to 
Berlin, by way of Kirkwood and the 
road from Cainden to Berlin, by way of 
Haddonfield. There were three noted taverns 
on the route, — one at Atmores Dam, which 
was built and kept by John Willis, then 
kept by Joseph Kiulee, and after 1718 by 
Thomas Atmore, and it being at the head of 
navigation of the stream, considerable ship- 
ping was carried on from this place. 

" Inside the low ceilings and ill-arrangetl rooms 
told that ventilation and convenience were not 
regarded ; yet the well-sauded floors and the hright 
pewter dishe.? betrayed the good housewife and 
thrifty matron. The bar-room opened by a double 
door, cut horizontally, and within might be seen 
the crib which .screened the liquors and protected 
the dealer. Tlie immense o|ien firephice, arranged 
with a bench on each side, made sitting room for 
guests by day and beds for dogs at night — to say 
nothing of the straight-backed slat-bottomed 
chairs that stood around the walls. The visitors 
were mostly rude, uneducated people, unused to 
the refinements of society and contending with ad- 
versity in its many shapes. 

" At this old tavern might occasionally be seen 
a party of hunters, pledging their good opinion of 
each other in a bowl of whiskey-punch or ' stone 
fence,' and enjoying, in their peculiar way, the 
last of a successful cha.se. Wrestling, running and 
jumping were indulged in when a few of the neigh- 
bors met, aud every man that participated was 
soon graded as to his ability in each. The fare 



342 



HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



was abundant, and such, as the epicure of the 
present day would revel in. It was dried venison, 
bear's meat, f're<h fish and wild fowl, with corn- 
bread or hoe-cake well prepared, and made invit- 
ing by the tidy appearance of the surroundings. 
The liquors also, although drawn from wooden 
casks and drank from horn tumblers, imparted an 
invigorating, healthy effect, and, when evaporated 
by a good night's sleep, left no suspicious feelings 
after them." 

lu later year.s elections and public meet- 
ings were held at this old tavern. The Blue 
Anchor Tavern as early as 1740 was kept by 
John Hider. It became a central point on 
the route and retained its irapoi'tance until 
the railroad passed through that region. An- 
other tavern was kept at Loug-a-Coming 
before 1760 by Samuel Scull. Three roads 
joined the main line or trail ; the first left 
the mouth of Little Egg Harbor in a west- 
erly direction and joined the trail near the 
head of Landing Creek, one of the branches 
of Little Egg Harbor River. The second 
began near Mullica's plantatiou, a short dis- 
tance from Batsto, and going westerly be- 
tween the streams, joined the main trail near 
the old Beebe place, about one mile south of 
Winslow. This is known as the old Fork 
road. The third was known as the old 
C^ape road, and started in Cape May County. 
It crossed Tuckahoe River northerly to 
Hospitality stream below C'oles Mill, thence 
to Inskeepsford, and joined the main road at 
the Blue Anchor. 

At the June Session of Gloucester County 
Court in 1696, John Hugg, Ji'., Thomas 
Sharp and Thomas Gardiner were commis- 
sioned to mend and mark for about ten miles 
of the road leading o;it of (Gloucester to- 
ward Egg Harbor, and James Steelman was 
elected overseer of highways to mark and 
make the road from Egg Harbor towards 
Gloucester. Just one year afterward the court 
instructed Andrew Robeson, Thomas Sharp 
and William Dalboe to open a road from 
Oidmans Creek to the mouth of (tIouccs- 
ter River (Timber Ci-eek), "and so from 



Elias Hugg's up to ye old Road ; " and in 
September a speedy repair was ordered of 
the log bridge on the northerly branch of 
Gloucester River. 

The place known as Cooper's Ferries (now 
Camden), within a few years after the settle- 
ment of the whites, became noted as the great 
crossing-jjlace to the town of Philadeljjhia, 
which was the largest town in the region, 
and a more direct route was needed to the 
ferries than by the King's Highway, which 
passed about seven miles east of the ferries. 
Coopers Creek was navigable from Axford's 
Landing, from whence passage was down 
the stream. A bridle-path was also on the 
south side of the creek, which later became 
known as the " Ferry Road." As early as 
1702 a more direct route was made lower 
down, in what is now Delaware township, 
and crossing the creek on what is now the 
Barton farm. In the account of the " Creeks, 
Ferries and Bridges " will be found the com- 
plaint of John Champion, who lived at that 
place, that many people were calling upon 
him to carry them over the creek, and asking 
for a license for a ferry, which was granted. 
This route was evidently used as late as 1733, 
and perhaps a few years later, as in that year 
Humphrey Day kept at the place a ferry and 
a tavern. About 1736 a still shorter route 
was made lower down, and on the line 
of the road now known as the Burlington 
Pike, which crossed Coopers Creek at the 
residence of Samuel Spicer, who established 
a ferry at the place and continued it until 
1762, when a bridge at the j)lace was com- 
pleted. On the 19th of January, 1748, by 
act of Legislature, commissioners were ap- 
pointed to lay out a more direct road from 
Coopers Ferry to Burlington and to build a 
draw-bridge at Spicer's Ferry. On the same 
date an act passed allowing the inhabitants 
in the vicinity to raise funds by subscription 
to build the bridge but it does not appear that 
any action was taken under the authority of 
these acts, and tlie sid)ject was not again 



PUBLTf INTKIINAL T.M PKOVK.MK.NTS. 



liroiighl U[i until iNoveuiIxT 28, J 7(1(1, wlicji 
the Legislature passed an act authorizing tiic 
erection of a bridge at Spicer's Ferry and the 
hiving out of the road to Burlington, in a 
more direct course. Coiuuiissioners were ap- 
pointed and authority given to raise hy tax 
and subscription the amount of money needed 
to complete the work. 

The road was shortened and improved, and 
in 17(3l! it is mentioned in a deed as "The 
Great Koad to the Ferry," and in ]7()4 au- 
i)ther road also was laid out from the bridge 
to the ferry. This, in 1769, is mentioned in 
records as " The new road from ]5enjaniin 
Cooper's ferry to the new bridge over Coopers 
Creek." In 1773 Jacob Cooper laid out the 
town of Camden and established Cooper 
Street, and in 1774 Market Street was estab- 
lished and by act of Assembly June 20, 17()r), 
the road and bridges from Cooper's Ferries 
to !Mount Holly were placed under the care 
I )f commissioners. 

One of the first roads that bei/ame a 
necessity, after the Kings Highway, was 
from Kay's mill, then on south side of 
( !oopers Creek, near Haddonfield, to the 
Hoyden and Cooper Ferries. A bridle-path 
was made along the south side of the creek 
very early, and on the 8tli of December, 
17(>], James Bloom, John (Jill, John Hinch- 
nian, Joshua Stokes, John Hider and John 
( ollins, surveyors of highways, under in- 
s; mictions laid out a road, four poles in width, 
along the general route of the old bridle- 
|iati!, beginning at the corner of William 
(Jriscom's shop, on the King's Highway 
(now Braddock's drug store), to Coopers 
Ferry, it being six miles aud twenty-six 
pi'rches. 

()n the 8th of March, 1762, the survey- 
ors of highways laid out a road from the 
southeast branch of Pensauken Creek to- 
wards " the new bridge erected from 
Samuel Spicers Landing across Coopers 
('reek," to begin at a bridge erected by 
Samuel Burroughs, across the southeast 



branch of l'ensaid<en Creek, and at his grist- 
mill. This road was laid out four rods wide 
and passed through the east end of Thomas 
Spicer's land, over the head of Henry Woods 
Creek, and to the " liurlington New Boad." 

On the 24th of March, 1762, a road was 
laid from Long-a-Coming (Berlin) to Cheese- 
mans or Webers Landing, on the northerly 
branch of Great Timber Creek, past Andrew 
Newman's mill and over " Ephraims Hill." 
This road intersected with a road previously 
laid out from John Hillman's mill to (iab- 
riel Davis' house. 

On December 7, 176.'), an act was passed 
by the Assembly for laying out " a more di- 
rect road from Timber Creek, over Newton 
Creek, near the mouth thereof, to Coopers 
J'^erries, and for erecting a bridge over New- 
ton Creek," which was subsequently made 
a toll-bridge. Isaac Cooper, John Bu/.by, 
.lames Whitall, John Sparks, Joshua Lord 
and James Hinchman were appointed to lay 
out the road and build the bridge. 

On the 8th of December, 1766, commission- 
ers ajipointed for the piu'pose laid out a road, 
four rods wide, from the division line of 
Burlington and Gloucester Counties, at Eves 
Bridge, in the township of Evesham, to the 
great road from Burlington to Salem, between 
lands of Simeon Ellis and William Ellis, 
now EUisburg. 

In the year 17()7 the surveyors of 
highways for the townships of Waterford, 
Newton and Gloucester were Josiah Shivers, 
Abraham Iimskeep, Waterford ; Isaac Kay 
aud Edward Gibbs, Newton ; William Hugg 
and John Griffith, Gloucester. On the 2d of 
March in that year they laid out a road from 
the " mansion-house of Thomas Ellis, at his 
grist-mill, to the new road lately laid out 
and leading from Burlington to Coopers 
Ferry." On the 26th of May following, 
they laid out a road from the north end of 
Newton Meeting-house grounds, through 
lands of Stephen Thackray, Richartl Collins 
and Jacob Stokes, to the great road leading 



344 



HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 



to Haddoiifield. This is evidently tlie present 
Collings Avenue. 

May 16, 1769, a road was laid out from 
" the gate on Joseph Morgan's plantation, at 
the mouth of Pensauken Creek, to the great 
road that leads from Burlington to Coopers 
Ferries." 

On the l.'^th of November, 1770, a road 
was laid out from the " new bridge erected 
over Great Timber Ci'eek', from the meadow- 
ground of Jacob Clement to the lands of 
George Marple, deceased, at a place formerly 
called Ashbrooke's Landing, to a road tbr- 
merly laid out." The bridge here mentioned 
is now known as "Clements Bridge." 

April 18, 1775, a road was laid from Eves 
Bridge, through lands of Daniel Lippincott, 
Charles French and David Davis, past lands 
of Francis Kay, Samuel Murrell and Samuel 
Eastlack, to the road from Moorestown to 
Haddonlield, at Murrell's school-house. 

April 14, 1775, the surveyors laid out a 
road from the Burlington County line, at a 
bridge near Samuel Collins' house, through 
lands owned by him, by John Morton, Ezek- 
iel Liuilsay, and on the line of lands of Kin- 
dall Cole and late John Cowperthwait to the 
road from Moorestown to Haddonfield. 

On the 27th of May, the next year, they 
also laid out a road from the corner of land 
of Jacob Stokes, at the north side of At- 
mores Dam, along the line of land of Dav- 
id Branson and Caleb Atmore, through land 
of John Redman to the King's Highway 
from Burlington to Salem. 

March 23, 1783, the surveyors laid out a 
road " from John Barton's grist-mill to the 
bridge between Samuel Lippincott'stwo plan- 
tations ; thence to cross at the head of a 
branch by James Inskeep ; thence in a direct 
course through William Bates' land to Punch 
Bridge ; thence along the old road to the 
school-house upon William Bates' land ; 
thence along the old road through Nathaniel 
Lippincott's land to Naomy Jones, so over 
the bridge between the said Jones and the 



place formerly William Shuster, so along the 
road as it now lieth through Jonathan Ellis' 
laud ; thence along the old road through 
Isaac Kay's land to an old field formerly 
called Joshua Kay's field ; then leaving the 
old road on the right hand aud then on a di- 
rect course thi'ough Kay's land, fronting 
Isaac Kay's old brick-yard ; then upon 
a short turn to the old cross-road ; thence 
along the old road down to Kay's mill 
bridge ; thence over the bridge along by the 
mill ; thence between the orchard and the 
meadow, so into the King's Koad." 

A road was laid out " Two poles or perches 
wide, April 12, 1786, to lead from a gate at 
the outside of Benjamin Morgan's land to 
the great road by John Burrough, Jr's., land 
and at the school-house on his land." (Ben- 
jamin Morgan then resided in the house now 
occupied by John D. Hylton). 

March 5, 1788, a road was laid out from 
Newton Meeting-house to the toll-bridge road 
which then crossed Newton Creek from Glou- 
cester to Camden. This route was changed 
April 15, 1795, and terminated at the toll- 
bridge road " where the Ditch that vents the 
pond by Joseph Kaighn's house crosses the 
same." 

August 9, 1789, a road was laid out from 
near Blackwood Meeting-house to the road 
over Chews Bridge, now Chews Landing. 

A struggle began October 19, 1793, for a 
road from Ciiews Bridge (now Chews Land- 
iug) to Cooj)ers Ferries, which lasted several 
years. It was laid out at the date above 
mentioned and passed Newton Meeting-house. 
Caveat was entered, and it was set aside by 
the court December 24, 1793; again laid 
out Ai)ril 8, 1794, its terminus being at the 
Haddonfield road, near Marmaduke Cooper's- 
Caveat was again entered, and it was va- 
cated by the court December 27, 1794. A 
few years later it was opened on the present 
line, and is now in use. 

October 29, 1799, a road was laid out from 
Long-a Coming to the Blue Anchor tavern, 



PUBLIC INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 



345 



nearly on tlie line, bnl Kustwardly, of an old 
load and Indian trail of which mention lias 
l>eeu made. 

On the 28th of July, 1807, a road was 
laid out from the " place where William 
Vansciver keeps tavern," on the road from 
Burlington to Coopers Ferry, along the same 
and partly on a vacated road laid out in 1803, 
to tiie bridge over Coopers Creek. The tav- 
ern of William Vansciver was the old Sorrel 
Horse tavern. The road follows a route that 
had been used over forty years. 

October 5, 1808, a road was laid out from 
Eve's Causeway to Clements Bridge over 
Timber Creek, now known as Spark's ^lill 
road. 

April '27, 1809, the road known as the 
Church road was laid out from the Mount 
Holly stage-road, where the Cove road inter- 
sects, to the Moorestown and Haddontield 
road, near Colestown Church. 

The French, or Sorrel Horse road, as it 
was early known, which ran from the Sorrel 
Horse tavern to Haddonfield, was laid out 
between 1805 and 1810. 

Other roads were laid out as the country 
became more thickly settled, and the old ones 
were shortened and improved and placed 
under the care of overseers of highways. 

Turnpikes. — The Haddonfield and Cam- 
den turnpike was first a bridle-path, and, in 
1792, regularly laid out, became the great 
highway from Haddonfield to Cooper's Fer- 
ries. In 1820 suKscriptions were obtained 
from those interested, and, under charge of 
John Roberts, John Gill and John Clement, 
it was graveled its entire length. The first 
effort to build a turnpike in Camden County 
was over this route, and on the 9th of March, 
1839, an act of the Legislature was passed, 
which provided for the incorporation of the 
Haildonfield and Camden Turnpike Com- 
pany, when five hundred shares of the stock 
were subscribed. The company was author- 
ized to hold twenty thousand dollars as capi- 
tal stock, with privilege to increase to fifty 



thousand dollars, the par value of a share to 
be twenty-five dollars. Thomas Redman, 
John Gill, Sauuiel Nicholson, Jo.seph W. 
Cooper and Abraham Browning were a])- 
[)ointed t(j open l)ooks and receive subscrip- 
tions. The act provided that the road be 
four rods in width, and thirty two feet to be 
arched and drained, and to be fifteen inches 
higher in the centre than at the sides. 

For some reason the company was not or- 
ganized under this charter, and, on the 20tli 
of September, 1844, a meeting was held in 
the Friends' School-house, at Haddonfield, to 




ji.i' -I ai.j: ( uach. 



take into consideration the subject of improv- 
ing the road. Jacob L. Rowand was ap- 
pointed chairman and Thomas Redman, 
secretary. A committee was appointed to 
ascertain the best place to obtain gravel and 
the probable cost of improvement. Another 
meetingwas heklNovember 21, 184G, "to con- 
sider the utility of macadamizing or turnpik- 
ing the road and of incorporating the same." 
Jacob L. Rowand, Charles L. Willitts, Dr. 
Charles D. Hendry, Charles H. Shinn, Joseph 
L. Shivers and John Clement, Jr., were ap- 
pointed to ascertain the amount of money that 
could be raised and the probable cost of build- 
ing and the right-of-w'ay. An act was passed 
by the Legislature, March 2, 1847, incorpo- 
rating the company and appointing as com- 
missioners, to receive subscriptions, Joseph 
Porter, John Gill, Samuel Nicholson, Joseph 
W. Cooper and Joshua P. Browning, or any 
three of them. The capital stock was placed 
at twenty thousand dollars, in eight hundred 
shares of twenty-five dollars each ; books 



34(j 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



wurc Ojieiied at tliu luitel ui' Tlioiuas A. 
I'earce, in Haddoiilickl, Thomas P. Clement, 
Camden, and Jacob Leach, at Long-a-Coraing 
( Berlin). Commissioners Nicholson, Brown- 
ing and Gill were in attendance, and in a 
short time eleven tlioiisand dollars was sub- 
scribed. 

Ou August 11, 1.S47, the following j)ersons 
were chosen directors, viz. : John drill, Joseph 
Porter, Johu Clement, Jr., Richard W. Snow- 
don, Edward Browning, Samuel Nicholson, 
Josiah B. Evans, John E. Hopkins and 
Daniel Conard. The board organized the 
same day by the election of Samuel Nichol- 
son as president and Jacob. L. Rowand as 
secretary and treasurer. 

A contract was made with James Tuthill 
it Co. to construct the road, which was soon 
begun and finished in due season. The turn- 
pike was to be built from Haddoufield tn 
Camden, terminating at the latter place, 
at the junction of the old road with 
the Chews Landing road. A supplement to 
the original act authorized the company to 
extend their road along the public road in 
Camden to Federal Street, and thence by 
way of Seventh Street to Market Street. 
The turnpike, under the act of 1847, was to 
i)e made thirty-two feet in width, arched and 
ilrained, and sixteen feet of it to be com- 
])actly bedded with stone or gravel. 

It has been kept in good repair from that 
time to the present, and, on July 1, 1886, 
declared its seventy -third dividend. Richard 
W. Snowdon was elected president in 184!) 
and served until his death, in 1868. Samuel 
Nicholson was chosen to succeed him and 
served until 1881, when the present presi- 
dent — John H. Lippincott — was elected. 
Jacob L. Rowand was chosen secretary and 
treasurer at tlie organization and served until 
his death, September 14, 188.'5, immediately 
after which his son, J. Lewis Rowand, was 
elected to fill the vacancy. 

Before the completion of the turnpike 
above mentioned the people of the county 



became nnicli interested in the sulijccl, and 
petitions were .sent to the Assembly, asking 
for the incorporation of several companies 
desiring to build turnpikes in the limits of 
Camden County. On the 28th of February, 
1849, the following companies were incor- 
porated : Moorestown and Camden, Camden, 
Kllisburg and Marlton, Woodbury and C.am- 
den, Westfield and Camden and Williams- 
town and Camden. The routes over which 
the companies were desirous of building 
j)ikes were, in all cases, old-established roads, 
and the acts of incorporation provided that 
the road-beds should be at least thirty-two 
feet in width, arched and drained, and six- 
teen feet thereof should be made of stone, 
gravel, or plank, the bridges to be from 
eleven to twenty feet in width. 

The Moorestown and Camden, Camden, 
Elli.sburg and Marlton, and the Westfield 
and Camden Companies were all chartered 
February 28, 1849, and the southern ter- 
minus was at the Truss Bridge, over Coopers 
Creek, in Camden. From the point of 
junction the three companies united in build- 
ing the turnpike to the bridge. The excessive 
travel upon this part of the road in later 
years required a more substantial road, and 
it has been laid with rubble, which has since 
been relaid. The companies were not or- 
ganized at once, as some time was required 
to obtain subscriptions. They were, however, 
built between 1852 and 1855. 

In 1840 the attention of the people living 
along the line of the Moorestown and Cam- 
den road was called to the necessity of turn- 
piking or graveling the heavy and sandy 
parts of the road. The question was agi- 
tated, and, on the 16th of January, 1841, a 
meeting was held at Daniel Bennett's hotel, 
in Moorestown, at which three persons were 
selected to report at a future meeting the 
most desirable way of improving the road, 
and Richard M. Hugg, William Collins and 
Samuel Church were appointed to solicit 
subscriptions for the purpose. At a meeting 



PUBLIC INTERNAL IMPKOVEMENTS. 



347 



held Fi^liruaiy 8, 1841, the committee re- 
ported tlie cost at two thousand dollars per 
mile. Subscriptions were obtained, and, 
three years later, on the l-")th (jf August, 
1844, a meeting of subscribi'rs was held, to 
take measures to gravel the road. Ikit little 
more was done until 1849, when the Moores- 
town and Camden Company was chartered. 
Amos Stiles, Elisha Hunt, Allen Jones, 
Levi Barton, Joseph A. Burrough and Ben- 
jamin W. Cooper were authorized to open 
books for subscription to the amount of 
fifty thousand dollars. An amount was sub- 
scribed, in course of tiiue, sutficieiit to per- 
fect an organization, and Edward Harris was 
chosen i)resident and Dr. J. J. S|)encer, trea- 
surer. 

The road was built of gravel, as specitied 
in the act. Two toll-gates were erected. On 
the ITth of I'^ebruary, 1853, the company, by 
act of Assembly, was authorized to construct 
a road to connect with the Mount Holly and 
Moorestown turnpike, and on February IL!, 
1800, to connect with the Fellowship and 
Church roads', in Burlington County. The 
con)})any have united with the WestfieUl and 
Camden turnpike tn build a macadamized 
road, eighteen feet in width, from the point 
of junction with that road to the point of 
junction with the Camden, Ellisburg and 
Marlton turnpike. 

Upon the death of Mr. Harris, Richard 
M. Hugg, was chosen president, and was 
succeeded l)y Emmor Robert, who is still 
president. Dr. J. J. Spencer, as treasurer, 
was succeeded by the present incuad)eut, 
Israel Hewlings. John S. Collins is the 
present secretary. 

The Westfield and Camilen Turnpike Com- 
|>auy was incorjiorated by an act of the Leg- 
islature, which authorized Samuel R. Lippin- 
catt, Nathaniel N. Stokes, John 8. Hylton, 
William Folwell, Chalkley Gillingham, Jos. 
R. Weatherby and Nathan H. Conrow to 
o|)en books for subscriptions. Tlie capital 
stock was placed at seven thousand dollars. 



with privilege to raise to fourteen thousand 
d(Jlars. The road was to be built from 
the bridge over Pensauken Creek along 
the old Burlington road, to near the Truss 
Bridge over Coopers Creek. The road- 
bed was made of gravel, and in use until 
188tJ, when arrangements were made to mac- 
adamize the road from the point of inter- 
section with the Moorestown and Camden 
turnpike to Pensauken Creek, at a cost of 
seven thousand dollars per mile, which is now 
being done. The company united with the 
Moorestown and Camden Turnj)ike Compain 
to macadamize the I'oad eighteen feet in 
width, from the point of intersection to the 
intersection with the Camden, Ellisburg and 
Marlton pike. Upon the organization of the 
comjjany Ezra Evans was cliosen president. 
On the 4th of March, 1853, the company 
was authorized to construct a road from Pen- 
sauken Creek to connect with the Beverly 
and Mount Holly plank-road, which was 
done. The present officers are Heuling> 
Lippincott (president) and Clayton Conrow 
(set'retary and treasurer). 

The first effort at making turnpike im- 
provement on the route of the Camden, 
Ellisburg and Marlton turnpike was at a 
meeting held at the hou.se of Joseph Elllis, 
at Ellisburg, on the 26th of September, 1<S44. 
The object of the meeting was to make ar- 
rangements to gravel the sandy jiarts of the 
road leading from Medford through Marlton 
to its junction with the Moorestown road near 
Camden. A committee was appointed to so- 
licit subscriptions and ascertain the cost ol' 
the work pi'oposed. But little was done until 
the act of incorporation was obtained, in 
1 849. 

The Camden, Ellisburg and 3Iarlton Turn- 
pike Company had its origin in an act desig 
natiug as commissioners to solicit sul)S( rip 
tions to the capital stock (thirty tlmusand 
dollars, with privilege of increasing to fitt\ 
thousand dollars) Thomas Evans. l']zra 
Evans, Joseph II. Coles, ( 'hailc Knight, 



348 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Edwiird Browning and Jacob Troth. The 
road-bed was Jaid witli gravel, and with re- 
l)airs, is kept in good condition. On the 24th 
of March, 1852, the company was authorized 
to extend tiie road to Medford, and March 
14, 1856, from the Point House, in Delaware 
township, to Green Tree tavern, in Burling- 
ton County. By act of April 12, 1876, that 
part of the pike from Medford to Darnell's 
Corner was abandoned because of the de- 
crease of receipts after the completion of the 
railroad. The first president of the company 
was Ezra Evans. The present officers are 
Freedom W. Lippincott (president) and Wil- 
liam J. Evaus (secretary and treasurer). 

The Woodbury and Camden turnpike was 
chartered the same day as the preceding com- 
panies, February 28,1849, Robert K. Mat- 
lack, Benjamin Tatem, John B. Harrison, 
John R. Sickler, John Gaunt, Nathan T. 
Stratton, Charles F. Clark, John W. Hazel- 
ton, John Duell, Thomas H. Whitney, John 
W. Mickle, Charles Kaighu and Abraham 
Browning being appointed commissioners. 
Tiie company was authorized to raise capital 
stock to the amount of thirty thousand dol- 
lars, with privilege to increase to fifty thou- 
sand dollars. A supplement to the act of in- 
corporation was passed March 26, 1852, 
authorizing the company to construct a turn- 
pike or plank-road from Pine Grove tavern 
to some point in Camden, and Abraham 
Browning, John W. Mickle, Charles Kaighu, 
•Tohn K. Cowperthwait and Stephen Craven 
were appointed commissioners. 

The Mullica Hill and Woodbury Turn- 
pike Company, incorporated at the same time 
as the other, was, by act of Assembly, March 
1, 1849, consolidated with the Woodbury and 
Camden, and assumed the name of Mullica 
Mill and Camden Turnpike Company. On 
the .3d of March, 1853, an act was passed 
authorizing the name of the Woodbury and 
Camden Turnpike Company to be changed 
to Camden and Gloucester City Turnpike 
Company. An act passed March 14, 1870, 



authorized the abandonment of that part of 
the pike from Pine Grove to Camden, and 
the remainder is still in use. 

The Gloucester turnpike is a gravel road 
built on the line of an old plank-road, and 
extends from Gloucester City to Woodbury, 
a distance of four and a half miles. The 
act of Assembly granting the charter was ap- 
proved by the Governor of New Jersey 
March 5, 1850. The incorporators, who al- 
so became the first board of directors, were 
Thomas S. Ridgeway, Benjamin T. IMcMur- 
trie. Cooper B. Browning, Joshua P. Brown- 
ing and Wm. S. Doughten. The first presi- 
dent of this company after its organization 
was Benjamin McMurtrie, and the first sec- 
retary and treasurer was Charles Hay. The 
officers for 1886 are Joseph Hatch, presi- 
dent ; J. Lynn Truscott, treasurer ; and 
Edmund E. Read, Jr., secretary ; wlio, to- 
gether with Henry C. Clark and Samuel P. 
Lippincott, constitute the board of directors 
of the company. 

The Williamstown and Camden Turnpike 
Company, ciiartered Februar)'"28, 1849, was 
autiiorized to raise stock to the amount of 
fifty thousand dollars and to construct a 
turnpike of .stone, gravel or plank between 
the points named in its title. Joel Bodine, 
William Corkney, Edward Brewer, Hiram 
.Morgan, John AV. Mickle, Edward Brown- 
ing and David E. Marshall were appointed 
commi.ssioners to solicit sub.scriptions. The 
con.struction of the railroad led to the aban- 
donment of part of the road, and on the 
24th of March, 1S52, the Williamstown and 
Good Intent Turnpike Company was char- 
tered, with John Bo<line, David E. Marsliall, 
Richard H. Tice, Samuel liommel, John F. 
Bodine, Jo.seph Nicholson, , William Taylor, 
William Tweed and Samuel D. Sharp as 
commissioners. The road, was built from 
Blackwood to Williamstown and is now iu 
operation. 

The Stockton and Newton Turnpike Com- 
pany was chartered March 18, 1859, with 



PUBLIC INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 



349 



Juhn M. Kaighn, Joseph M. Cooper, Charles 
Kaiojhu, Henry B. Wilson and William 
S. Doughten conimissiouers, with power to 
bnikl a turujjike from Kaighn Point through 
Stockton to the Haddonfiekl turnpike, and 
from the city on the straight road, being a 
continuation of Market Street, to an intersec- 
tion with the Haddonfield turnpike. 

The Camden and Blackwoodtown Turn- 
pike Company became an incorporated body 
by an act of the Assembly jNIarch 24, 1855, 
to construct and operate a turnpike between 
the points named in the title of the bill. 
The capital stock was fixed at twelve thou- 
sand dollars, with the privilege of increasing 
the same to twenty-five thousand dollars, the 
{)ar value of each share to be twenty-five dol- 
lars. John W. Mickle, John M. Kaighn, John 
D. Glover, Arthur Brown, Abraham Brown- 
ing, Joshua Sickler, Charles S. (jarrett, John 
North and Isaac W. Mickle were designated 
as commissioners to open books and receive 
subscriptions. Soon after the road was con- 
structed through Mount Ephraim and Chews 
Landing to the present village of Blackwood, 
a distance of ten miles, where it connected 
with the Good Intent and Williamstown 
turnpike. A grade of thirty feet width was 
established and a good road-bed secured, 
which has since been improved to an excel- 
lent condition. The office of the company is 
at Mount Ephraim. The officers for 1886 
are William Nicholson, president; Josejih 
M. Haines, treasurer ; Benjamin Tomlinson, 
secretary. John Shubert, Samuel C. Cooper, 
Thomas Scott and John T). Glover, with the 
officers named, form the directory. The ex- 
ecutive committee of the company is com- 
posed of Joseph M. Haines, John D. Glover 
and Benjamin Tomlinson, who have personal 
supervision of the road, which is well patron- 
ized. 

The White Horse Turnpike Company 

was incorporated January 27, 1854, having 

authority to build a pike on the White Horse 

road from the junction of Haddonfield and 

41 



Camden turnpike to where it crosses the 
road leading from Haddonfield to Clem- 
ents Bridge. On the 17th of March, 1855, 
authority was given the company to extend 
the pike from its termination, along the 
White Horse road, to the White Horse tav- 
ern, and March (i, 1857, to Long-a-Coming 
(Berlin). The corporators of the road were 
John W. Mickle, John Gill, Samuel Nichol- 
son, Josejih B. Tatum, Isaac Z. Collings, 
Samuel S. Willits and Joseph B. Cooper. 

The Camden and Atlantic Turnpike Com- 
pany was incorporated March 25, 1852, with 
an authorized capital of fifty thousand dol- 
lars, and privilege of building a turnpike or 
plank-road from Haddonfield, through Long- 
a-Coming, Tansboro', Blue Anchor and Wins- 
low, in Camden County, and Weymouth and 
J^mmelville to Hamilton Bridge, in Atlantic 
County, but it was inopei'ative. 

The Berlin and Haddonfield Turnpike 
Company, incorporated in 1875, was also in- 
operative. 

ijailroads. 

The Camdex and Ajusoy Railroad 
AND Transportation Company, which 
was the fir.st built of all the railroads in 
West Jersey, was iucoi'porated by act of the 
Legislature February 4, 18;50, with a ca2)ital 
stock of one million dollars, in shares of one 
hundi'ed dollars each, the company having 
the privilege to increase it to one million five 
hundred thousand dollars. The president 
was John Stevens, who had projected the first 
railroad from Philadelphia to Columbia, Pa. . 
Traffic arrangements were made with the 
lines of stages and steamboats crossing the 
State between New York and Philadelphia • 
and Mr. Stevens, with the aid of steam on 
the railway, said that a speed of fifteen miles 
an hour might be s;ifely reached, and the 
journey from one city to tlie other made in 
six hours, which he considered would " be 
found to be sufficiently rapid for all practical 
purposes." The charter provided that the 
State might subscribe to one-fi)urth of the 



350 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



stock on or before January 1, 1831, but this 
riglit was never exerciser). The company 
was emjjowered to build from Camden to 
some point on Earitan Bay, the road-bed to 
be not more than one hundred feet wide, 
with as many tracks as might be needed. 
The charges were limited to ten cents per 
mile for each passenger, and eight cents per 
ton per mile for transportation of freight. 
The company was exempted from State tax- 
ation, in lieu of which it was required to pay 
to the State ten cents for each passenger and 
fifteen cents for each ton of freight carried. 
It was also stipulated that if the Legislature 
should authorize the construction of any 
otiier railroad across New Jersey, from New 
York to Philadelphia, which road should 
commence and terminate within three miles 
of the terminals of the Camden and Amboy, 
then these head and tonnage dues should 
cease, and the other road should be liable to 
the State for a tax not less in amount than 
the sura payable by this company. Suitable 
steam or other vessels were required to be 
provided at each terminus to make connec- 
tions with New York and Philadelphia. 
The road was to be begun within two and 
completed within nine years, and the State 
reserved the right to purchase it after the 
expiration of thirty years, at a valuation to 
be fixed by law. By an act passed February 
4, 1831, the State agreed to take and pay 
the installments upon a thousand shares of 
the stock and appoint a director ; but if an- 
other railway was constructed between Phil- 
adelphia and New York, the shares were to 
revert to the company, and the State was to 
receive no more dividends from them. To 
further shield the road from competition, it 
was stipulated that it should not be lawful 
to construct another railroad across New 
Jersey, within three miles of the Camden and 
Amboy, until after the nine years allowed for 
the completion of the latter. 

On February 15, 1831, this company and 
tlie Delaware and Paritan Canal ( 'omjiany 



were consolidated by an act of the Legisla- 
ture ; they were made jointly liable for con- 
tracts entered into by either, and were for- 
bidden to charge more than three dollars 
passenger fare between Philadelphia and 
New York ; it was required that both rail- 
way and canal should be completed within 
the nine years, and if one was finished before 
the other, the finished work was to be for- 
feited to the State. By an act of March 2, 
1832, the State accepted one thousand shares 
of the joint capital stock, and tlie companies 
contracted that if within a year after the 
completion of the road from Bordentown to 
Amboy, the transit duties and the dividends 
on these shares did not amount to thirty 
thousand dollars, they would pay the defi- 
ciency to the State, and so annually thereafter. 
They determined to build a railroad from 
Spottswood to New Brunswick as soon as a 
line united New Brunswick with the Hud- 
son River, and the State bound itself not to 
grant a franchise to any competing road 
without the assent of the consolidated com- 
panies. This complicated legislation grew 
out of tlie desire of the State to make the 
railroad projectors pay well for their monop- 
oly, while the latter purposed to shut out 
any rivalry and to make it the interest of the 
State to vest in their hands the control of all 
rapid transit between the two principal cities 
of the country. But there was so little con- 
fidence in the feasibility of railroads at the 
time the first began to be constructed, that 
the Legislature of New Jersey inserted in the 
charter a provision that it should be annulled 
if the company abandoned the road or failed 
to keep it in repair for three successive years. 
In February, 1833, thirty-five miles of 
track had been laid between South Amboy 
and Bordentown, at a maximum cost of 
eighteeu thousand dollars per mile, and pas- 
sengers and freight were transported in car- 
riages drawn by horses. The rails were of 
cast-iron, laid upon blocks of stone or wooden 
sleej^ers, three feet apart. According to Gor- 



PUBLIC INTERNAL IMPROVEiMENTS. 



351 



(Ion's Gazetteer oi' that year : "Tlie remainder 
of the road, from Bordentown to Camden, is 
in ])rogress, and is being constructed of wood 
faced witli iron bars, it being supposed tiiat 
it will not be employed more than two or 
three months in the year, and will therefore 
not require the strength of the portion be- 
tween Bordentown and New York." A first 
train passed over the entire length of the road 
in October, 1834. It was drawn by the engine 
"John Bull," which had been built in 1831 
for the company by George and Robert Stev- 
enson, at Newcastle-upon-Tyue, England. 
The dimensions of this first locomotive 
which crossed the bounds of old Glou- 
cester County were as follows : Cylinders, 
nine inches diameter, twenty inches stroke ; 
one pair driving-wheels, four feet, six inches 
diameter ; one pair front wheels of same 
diameter. The hubs were of cast-iron, the 
spokes and rims of wood, and the tires of 
wrought-iron ; weight of eugine, about ten 
tons. The builders landed it at Philadel- 
phia in August, 1831, from whence it was 
taken to Bordentown in sections on a sloop. 
There it was put together on a piece of track 
three-quarters of a mile long, which was all 
that the company had then permanently laid 
down. A tender and water-tank was con- 
structed by mounting a whiskey hogshead 
upon a four-wheeled platform car, and the 
connection between the pumps and the tank 
was made by a leather hose supplied by a 
Bordentown shoemaker. Steam was raised 
on September 1 5th, and, in the presence of the 
officers of the road, the engine was run over 
the bit of track. On November 12th the 
engine was given a public trial, the members 
of the New Jersey Legislature and promi- 
nent railroad men and engineers being in- 
vited to witness it. Isaac Dripps was en- 
gineer, Benjamin Higgins did the firing and 
Robert L. Stevens supervised affairs. Then 
the eugine was retired until brought into ac- 
tive service on the completion of the line, in 
1814, and for thirty-tlirce years afterward it 



did regular duty. In 187(5 the historic en- 
gine was exhibited at the Centennial. 

It is interesting to observe the ideas and 
experiments of early inventors concerning 
locomotives, steamboats and traction engines 
when compared with the perfection reached 
in this direction to-day. We noticethat Oliver 
Evans, about the year 1804, constructed 
what he called a steam-carriage, which cor- 
res]5onded in many respects to the " John 
Bull " engine above-named. This some- 
what novel carriage was exhibited on tlie 
roads near Philadelphia, and propelled for 
a short distance amid much enthusiasm. 

The total cost of the sixty-four miles of 
the Camden and Amboy road was eleven 
million two hundred and twenty-one thou- 
sand six hundred and ninety-si.x dollars, 
and it was finished in 1837 through to the 
Camden water-front at Broadway. The sur- 
veys had been begun on June 16, 1830, by 
Major John Wilson and his assistant engi- 
neers, and in the middle of January, 1833 
passengers passed between Bordentown and 
Araboy by train, and between Bordentown 
and Philadelphia in the steamer " Trenton.' 
A year afterward the rails had been laid to 
within eleven miles of Camden, with whicii 
connection was made by horse-power. The 
United States mail was sent for the first 
time from the Philadelphia post-office to 
Camden, to be sent to New York, on Decem- 
ber 29, 1834. The entire track from Cam- 
den to Amboy was in full use by the early 
spring of 1835, and a newspaper noted it as 
" one of the most extraordinary instances of 
rapid traveling on record, that passengers 
were taken from Philadelphia to New York, 
distance computed to be ninety-four miles, in 
four and three-quarters hours, including the 
land and water transportation." 

This was the great route of travel between 
Philadelphia and New York until the con- 
struction of the more direct line via Trenton 
and Jersey City. By an agreement made in 
.Tanuary, ]8()7, the ITnited C()m])anies, the 



352 



HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Philadelphia and Treuton Railroad Com- 
pany and the New Jersey Railroad and 
Transportation Company, which owned the 
line between New Brunswick and Jersey 
City, were consolidated as the United Rail- 
road and Canal Companies of New Jersey, on 
the basis of an equal division of profits be- 
tween the three railroads and the Delaware 
and Raritau Canal Company. In May, 
1871, all these properties were leased for 
nine hundred and ninety-nine years to the 
Pennsylvania Railroad Company under a 
guarantee of dividends of ten per cent, upon 
the capital stock, and, after a long and bitter 
resistance in the courts, the lease was con- 
firmed by an act of tlie New Jersey Legisla- 
ture approved March 27, 1873. 
. Andrew Heath, one of the first con- 
ductors on the Camden and Amboy Rail- 
road, and for many years captain of the 
ferry-boat for the same company, during a 
period of more than a quarter of a century, 
was familiarly known to thousands of trav- 
elers who passed between the cities of New 
York and Philadelphia. He was born in 
1812 in Germantown, Pa., and was a son of 
Charles Heath and Amy Pedrick, his wife, 
both of whom were prominent members of 
the Society of Friends. Andrew Heath, 
after obtaining his education in the Friend.s' 
Seliool of his native town, learned the tan- 
ner's trade with his father, and followed that 
occupation until he attained his majority. 
He then, upon the completion of the Camden 
and Amboy Railroad, became one of its first 
conductors, moved to Camden, where he 
resided the remainder of his life, and contin- 
ued in the employ of the comjDany until his 
death. After retiring from the position of 
railroad conductor he was made captain of 
the steamboat "Washington," belonging to 
the railroad company, which conveyed its 
passengers from Walnut Street wharf, Phila- 
delphia, to Tacouy, carrying the passengers 
of tlic Camden and Amboy and Philadelphia 
and Trentdn Railroads. After tiic companies 



abandoned that route of travel across the 
Delaware River, and constructed the bridge 
at Trenton, Captain Heath, in the same em- 
ploy, conveyed passengers in his boat, which 
plied between Philadelphia and Camden. 
The " State Rights," a large steamer, was 
placed on this line ; Mr. Heath became its 
captain, and held that position until his 
death, on August 23, 1871. His gentle- 
manly and courteous manners made him very 
popular with the travelers and highly ap- 
preciated by the officers of the company. In 
1838 he was married to Matilda Pike, of 
Berks County, Pa., by whom he had seven 
children, of whom Charles, Amy, Edwin 
and Andrew died within a period of three 
days of diphtheria, during the prevalence 
of that disease in Camden. 

Robert F., the second son, is now register 
of Camden County and also extensively en- 
gaged in the manufacture of straw goods in 
Philadelphia. Matilda is married to James 
B. Boyer, of C'amden, and they now reside 
in New York City. John, the youngest sur- 
viving son, was married to Jennie Thistle, 
of Philadelpliia, and now is an employee of 
the Pennsylvania Railroad Company at 
their office in Fourth Street, Philadelphia. 

Projects that Came to Naught. — 
After the Camden and Amboy Railroad was 
built, a desire began to grow among tlie 
people for a railroad connecting Camden with 
the Atlantic coast, and on March 10, 1836, 
an act was passed which granted a charter to 
the " Camden and Egg Harbor Railroad 
Company," with an authorized capital of 
two hundred thousand dollars. The corpo- 
rators were Jesse Richards, Samuel B. Finch, 
Timothy Pharo, Ebenezer Tucker and Wil- 
liam McCarty. The route was to be from 
Camden to Quaker Bridge, in Burlington 
County, thence to McCartyville or Wading 
River, thence to or near Tuckerton. The 
company was authorized to build a branch to 
Great Egg Harbor Bay. This road was 
never built. Four years later a noti<K!of ap- 



PUBLIC INTERNAL i:\IPRUYKMENTS. 



352 



plication to tiie Legislature of New Jei'sey 
was made, December 1 ^, 1 ^40, for an act to 
incorporate a company under tiie name of 
" The People's Railroad Company," with a 
capital of one million dollars, and power to 
construct a railroad from some point on the 
Delaware at or near Camden, or between 
Trenton or Camden, to the city of New 
Brunswick. In the case of this application no 
charter was granted, but in a few years after 
charters were granted and roads were built. 

The Camden and Atlantic; Rail- 
EOAD, extending from Coopers Point, Cam- 
den, to Atlantic City, a distance of fifty-eight 
and three-fourths miles, was chartered by the 
New Jersey Legislature March 19, 1852. 
The incorporators as named in the charter 
were John W. Mickle, Abraham Browning, 
Joseph Porter, Andrew K. Hay, John H. 
Coffin, John Stanger, Jesse Richards, Thos. 
H. Richards, Edmund Taylor, Joseph 
Thompson, Robert Risley, Enoch Doughty 
and Jonathan Pitney, who were empowered to 
oi)en books and receive subscriptions to stock. 

A meeting for that purpose was held at 
the "Arch Street House," Philadelphia, then 
kept by Thompson Newkirk, on the 24th 
day of June, 1852. After the entire amount 
of five hundred thousand dollars, in ten thou- 
sand shares, was subscribed, the stockholders 
elected the following-named persons as di- 
rectors: Wm. Coffin, Joseph Porter, Andrew 
K. Hay, Thos. H. Richards, Enoch Doughty, 
Jonathan I'itney, Stephen Colwell, Samuel 
Richards and Wm. Fleming. The board or- 
ganized by electing Alexander K. Hay, 
president, and Samuel Richards, secretary 
and treasurer, as temjjorary officers. Richard 
B. Osborne was engaged as the engineer. 
He made the survey and the work of con- 
structing the road was immediately com- 
menced. On November 19, 1852, the ferry 
jjroperty at Coopers Point, the western ter- 
minus of the projected road, was purchased 
of William Cooper for forty thousand dol- 
lars. Hon. Thomas P. Carpenter was chosen 



(counsel for tiie company. In October, 185.'?, 
the road was formally opened from Coopers 
I'oint through Haddonfield to Long-a-Com- 
ing (now Berlin), a distance of sixteen and 
a half miles, and on July 4, 1854, the entire 
road was completed to the ocean and the 
first trains ran over the route on that day. 

Soon after the completion of the railroad 
a telegraph line was extended by the company 
along the entire route. In 1865 this line was 
leased by the American Telegraph Company 
and subsequently by its successors, the West- 
ern Union Telegraph Comjiany. 

The Camden and Atlantic Railroad, as 
completed in 1854, was the first railroad to 
be constructed across the State of New Jersey 
to the ocean, and thus became an influential 
factor in developing the internal resources of 
the State. 

This enterprise in its inception was by 
capitalists and business men regarded as "ex- 
tra hazardous." The applicants for the 
charter met with no opposition before the 
Legislature, for no one suspected the road 
would be built. There were no towns of 
any size on the proposed line, but few manu- 
facturers, and absolutely nothing at the east- 
ern terminus, save the broad expanse of the 
Atlantic Ocean. 

The arguments that a railroad would bring 
the extensive tracts of waste land into market 
at last induced the owners of these lands to 
move in the matter and after many consulta- 
tions the work was begun. The opposition 
and annoyances that follow all such under- 
takings were attendant on this, and often 
the projectors saw nothing short of insolven- 
cy and individual ruin surrounding them. 
As any town was reached, a line of passen- 
ger cars would be put on, which produced 
some revenue and encouraged the stockhold- 
ers. Occasionally rumors were afloat that 
the work would be abandoned and the slow 
manner in which the grading and track-laying 
east of Winslow was conducted seemed to 
confirm this story. At last the meadows 



354 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



were crossed and the terminal point on Abse- 
(>om beach was reached. Visitors looked out 
u[)on the ocean. They were surrounded Iw 
a barren but a high beach, wiiere tlic bathing- 
was all til at could be asked. 

Out of the sand, the sedge and the slashes 
nrose a town filled with a permanent, as well 
as a transient population, seeking after 
iiealth, recreation and fortune. 

The line of the road is now crowded with 
towns immediate and towns prospective, with 
liirms and factories where hundreds of people 
are employed and obtain a comfortable live- 
lihood. On either side the soil has been 
cleared and found suitable for all the crops 
adapted to the climate. Abandoned water- 
powers are utilized cither for cranl)erry- 
growing or manufacturing. Grapes and all 
tlie small fruits grow luxuriantly and make 
a pi'ofitable yield to the growers, thus" main- 
taining a population on the soil where noth- 
ing had before been produced. 

Dividends upon the stock of the Camden 
and Atlantic Railroad Company have been 
paid as fol lows : 

October 1, 1872, three and one-half per cent, on 
the preferred stock ; November 15, 1873, three and 
one-half percent, on the preferred stock ; October 
1, 1874, seven per cent, on the preferred stock and 
three and one-half per cent, on the common stock ; 
May 1, 1875, three and one-half per cent. ; Octo- 
ber 1, 1875, three and one-half per cent.; January 
15, 1876, two per cent. ; April 15, 1876, two per 
cent. ; July 15, 1876, two per cent. ; October 16, 
1876, two per cent., all on the preferred, and Jan- 
uary 15, 1877, two per cent, on common stock ; No- 
vember 1, 1879, three and one-half per cent, on 
the preferred stock; April 19, 1880, three and one- 
half per cent, on the preferred and common stock, 
|)ayable in preferred stock-scrip ; November 15, 
1882, four per cent, on the preferred stock ; Feb- 
ruary 1, 1884, seven per cent, on the preferred 
stock. 

The dates of election and terms of office 
of the several presidents have been as fol- 
lows : 

Andrew K. H.ay, June 24, 1852, until April 1, 
1853 ; John C. Da Costa, April 1, 1853, until April 
6, 1855 ; George W. Eichards, April 6, 1855, un- 



til July 13, 18.37; Jidin Brodhead, July 13, 1857, 
until October 22, 1863; Joseph W. Cooper, Octo- 
ber 22 to December 18, 18G3 ; Robert Frazer, De- 
cember 18, 1863, until October 23, 1873; Andrew 
K. Hay, October 23, 1873, until March 16, 1876 ; 
William Massey, president ^)'o icm., November 18, 
1875, until March 16, 1876; John Lucas, March 
16, 1876, until October 25, 1877 ; Charles D. Free- 
man, October 25, 1877, until February 22, 1883; 
William L. Elkins, February 22, 1883, and Wil- 
liam J. Sewell, vice-president, March 3, 1883, until 
the present time. 

The several secretaries and treasurers have 
been elected as follows : 

iSamuel Richards, secretary pro tern., June 24, 
1 852 ; J. Engle Negus, secretary and treasurer, 
August 25, 1852; Samuel Richards, secretary /jj-o 
iem., September 28, 1852 ; Robert Frazer, secretary 
and treasurer, November 5, 1852 ; Horace White- 
man, secretary and treasurer, December 18, 1863 ; 
Daniel M. Zimmerman, secretary and treasurer, 
December 21, 1871 ; Daniel M. Zimmerman, sec- 
retary, February 22, 1883, until the present time ; 
William Taylor, treasurer, February 22, 1883, un- 
til the present time. 

The officers of this road are : 

President, William L. Elkins ; Vice-president, 
William J. Sewell ; Secretary, Daniel M. Zim- 
merman ; Treasurer, William Taylor. Directors: 
M'illiam L. Elkins, James B. Dayton, Frank 
Thomson, Richard D. Barclay, Thomas H. Dudley, 
Joseph N. Du Barry, William C. Houston, Ed- 
mund E. Re.ad, Henry D. Welsh, William Bettle, 
John B. Hay, Enoch A. Doughty, Crawford Miller. 

The West Jersey R.\ilroad was in- 
corporated February 5, 185.3, by an act of 
the Legislature, which authorized the. con- 
struction of a road from Camden City, through 
Gloucester, Salem, Cum])er]and and Cape 
May Counties, to a terminus at or near Cape 
Island, in the last-named county. 

The incorporators were Thomas H. Whit- 
ney, Lewis Mulford, John W. Mickle, 
George M. Ward, Samuel S. Movey, David 
Potter, E. L. B. Wales, Richard P. Thomp- 
son, Charles E. Elmer, Richard C. Holmes, 
Newcomb J. Thompson, Francis N. Buck, 
Benjamin F. Lee, Samuel J. Reeves, Abra- 
ham Browning, John A. Elkiuton, Joshua 
Swain, Jr., Richard D. Wood, Benjamin Ac- 



PUBLIC INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 



355 



toil, Jr., Thomas j\Iills, Tliomas Jones 
Yorke, Saiiiiiel A. Whitney, Mark Deviue 
and Daniel E. EstelL 

Books were opened tor receiving stock 
subscriptions, but, althongii great elibrts 
were made by the coramissiouers, or incorpo- 
rators, to interest the public, very few people 
came forward to lend financial aid to the en- 
terprise, and it appeared as if failure was in- 
evitable. It was then, when only five hun- 
dred and twenty-five shares had been taken, 
all told, that Commodore Robert F. Stock- 
ton exhibited his faith in the ultimate success 
of the project by subscribing for four thou- 
sand shares, which amounted to two hundred 
thousand dollars. This encouraged others, 
and the affairs of the West Jersey Railroad 
Company were in a promising and constantly 
improving condition. 

On the 3d of May, IH^>'A, a Itoard of thir- 
teen directors was organized, consisting of 
Robert F. Stockton, Edwin A. Stevens, 
Robert L. Stevens, John P. Stockton, John 
W. Mickle, Thomas H. Whitney, John G. 
Rosenijaum, Thomas Jones Yorke, Richard 
P. Thompson, George M. Ward, David Por- 
ter, Samuel J. Bayard and Joshua Swain, Jr. 
The first meeting of the board was lield on 
the 9th of May, when Commodore Robert 
F. Stockton was elected president, Thomas 
Jones Yorke .seci'etary, and General William 
Cook chief engineer. 

Prior to the organization of the company, 
and following the decline of the Camden and 
Woodbury Railroad, which had been opened 
since 1837, the question of a railroad leading 
southerly had been uuich agitated, and early 
in 1852 General Cook made preliminary 
surveys over three routes, and in his rejiort 
mentioned the distance over each and the 
comparative cost. The first route, via Wood- 
bury, Glassboro' and Millville, seventy- 
eight miles ; estimated cost, seven hundretl 
and seventy-five thousand two hundred and 
eighty dollars. The second and still more 
eligible route, vui Woodbury, Glassboro', 



and Millville, eighty-five miles ; estimated 
cost, eight hundred and eighty thousand dol- 
lars. The third and longest route, by way 
of Salem, with an estimated cost of one mil- 
lion one hundred and eighty-one thousand 
eight hundred and forty dollars. The esti- 
mated cost of engines, cars, depots, tanks, 
stations, etc., was one hundred and twenty 
thousand dollars. 

After the granting of the charter and valu- 
ation of the route, .ground ^vas broken on 
Seventh Street, in Camden, by Thomas 
Jcmes Yorke, who threw the first spadeful ol 
eartli, and the work of laying the rails began 
at the north end in July, LSo.")^ and tlie 
section, between Camden and Woodbury, 
was completed in August, 1850, and, April 
15, 1857, regular trains for passengers and 
traffic began to run. 

In 1862 it was finished to Bridgeton, and 
from Glassboro' reaches Cape May by connec- 
tions with the Millville and Glassboro' and 
Cape May and Millville Railroads. The line 
from Glassboro' to Millville was built under 
a separate charter, and opened in April, LSIJU. 
In 1868 a consolidation took place, which is 
thus described in the preamble to the act, — 

" W/icreas, the West Jersey Railroad connects di- 
rectly with the Millville and Glassboro' Railroads, 
and by means of tlie latter with the Cape May and 
Millville Railroad, and also connected directly with 
the Salem Railroad, forming altogether one entire 
system of railroads, which can be operatnl with 
greater economy under one management ; and 
whereas the West Jersey Railroad Company and 
the Millville and Glassboro' Railroad Company 
have entered into an agreement, bearing date 
of October 12, l.%7, providing for a consoli- 
dation of the two companies, so that all their cor- 
porate powers and franchises shall be merged into, 
and all their corporate property owned by, the 
West Jersey Railroad Company ; therefore, be it 
enacted, etc." 

The com[)any then leased the Salem Rail- 
road, and has since added to its leased lines 
the Swedesboro' Railroad, the Woodstowu 
and Swedesboro' Railroad and the ^\ est Jer- 
sey and Atlantic Railroad, which latter ex- 



356 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



tfiuls from Newfield to Atlantic City, was 
opened in 1881 and includes the Somers 
Point Branch. Besides its Bridg;etou Branch, 
the West Jersey owns branches to Ocean City, 
Sea Isle City and Townsend's Inlet. It 
owns one hundred and nineteen miles of road 
and leases eighty-one. Its capital stock is 
one million four hundred and eighty-four 
thousand dollars and its funded debt two 
million seven hundred and fifty-two thousand 
dollars, of which two million dollars is in 
bonds, guaranteed by the Camden and Amboy 
Railroad Company, which furnished most 
of the money for the construction of the 
original line. The West Jersey was in- 
cluded in the lease of the United Lines to the 
Pennsylvania Railroad and has since been 
operated by that corporation. The officers of 
the road are George B. Roberts, president; 
William J. Sewell, vice-president ; William 
Taylor, secretary and treasurer. The direct- 
ors are George B. Roberts, Coleman F. 
Leaming, Charles E. Elmer, John M. Moore, 
Thomas H. Dudley, George Wood, J. N. 
DuBarry, N. Parker Shortridge, Edmund 
Smith, Henry D. Welsh, Benjamin F. Lee, 
James H. Nixon and William J. Sewell. 

General William J. Sewell was 
born in Ireland in 1835. Left an orphan 
at an early age, he came to the United States 
in 1851 to join his brother, Mr. Robert 
Sewell, now a prominent lawyer in New 
York, who had preceded him. He engaged 
in business in New York City, and subse- 
quently, entering the mercantile marine ser- 
vice, visited all parts of the Eastern world, 
and the west coast of North and South Amer- 
ica, and became at an early age an officer of 
oue of the American clipper ship fleet of 
those days. 

On his return from one of his voyages he 
visited C'hicago, settled there and engaged in 
mercantile business. On the breaking out 
of the war he came to New Jersey, where he 
was offered a commission as captain of the 
Fifth New Jersey Volunteers, accepted the 



same, and jjarticipated in all of the great bat- 
tles of the Army of the Potomac. General 
Sewell was twice wounded during the war, — 
at Chancellorsville and at Gettysburg, — and 
was promoted, step by step, until he reached 
the colonelcy of his regiment. 

He led the celebrated charge at Chancel- 
lorsville of the Second New Jersey Brigade, 
which he commanded, capturing nine stand 
of colors from the enem3\ At the close of 
the war he was mustered out of service as a 
brevet major-general, his brevet reading "for 
distinguished gallantry on the field of Chan- 
cellorsville." Returning home to New Jer- 
sey, he took charge of the business of the 
Camden and Amboy Railroad Company at 
Camden, and was in a short time transferred 
to the superintendency of the West Jersey 
Railroad Company, from which he was pro- 
moted to the office of vice-president of that 
road. He has also been aj)pointed president 
of the Long Beach Railroad Company, of 
the Salem Railroad Company and the 
Woodstown and Swedesboro' Railroad Com- 
pany ; also vice-president of the West Jersey 
and Atlantic and the Camden and Atlantic 
Railroad tJompanies, and a director in several 
other railroad companies. General Sewell 
was the originator of one of the most flour- 
ishing banking institutions of the State, that 
of the Camden Safe Deposit and Trust Com- 
pany. Early seeing the want of a savings 
bank for the accommodation of the mass of 
the people, he obtained a charter from the 
Legislature, and, with some friends, started 
this bank, which has met a want long felt in 
Camden, and the success of which has ex- 
ceeded the anticipations of its promoters. He 
is also director of the C^amden Iron Works, 
which he helped to start up after a long 
period of idleness and depression. 

The political career of General Sewell 
shows the manner in which his business 
(jualifications, his untiring energy and fealty 
to his party and the best interests of the 
State are appreciated i)y the people of his 



PUBLIC INTERNAL IMPJIOVEMENTS. 



357 



homo, and, in fact, of tlie whole State. He 
was elected as State Senator from Camden 
County in 1872, re-elected in 1875 and 
again in 1878, and for three years was presi- 
dent of the State Senate. He also represented 
the party as delegate-at-large to the National 
Republican Conventions of 187G, 1880 and 
1884, on each of which occasions he was 
comj^limented by being made cliairmau of 
the State delegation. During his long service 
in the Senate of New Jersey, General Sewell 
took a leading part in all the important leg- 
islation of that time, which included the 
change in the State Constitution, the ado])tion 
of general laws and the passage of the (gen- 
eral Railroad Law. He was made United 
States Senator in 1881, succeeding Mr. 
Theodore F. Randolph, which position he 
occupies at the jDresent time. One of the 
last acts of the late session of Congress was 
a recognition by that body of General Sew- 
ell's services in the field, by electing him one 
of the managers of the National Home for 
Disabled A-'^oluntcer Soldiers, as the successor 
of General McClellan. 

The Camden and Woodbury Rail- 
road AND Transportation Company was 
chartered on the 1st of March, 18.36, with 
an authorized capital of one hundred thou- 
sand dollars, in shares of fifty dollars each. 
It was authorized to build a road not exceed- 
ing sixty-six feet in width from Camden to 
Woodbury, a distance of eight miles. The 
pei'sons named as corporators were James 
Matlack, Joseph Ogden, Robert L. Arm- 
strong, Jesse Smith, Joseph Fithian, Joseph 
Franklin, John M. Watson, Charles F. Clark, 
Joseph Saunders, John C. Smallwood, Sam- 
uel Webster and others. 

The road was built and operated. A sup- 
plement to the original act was passed in tlie 
winter of 1837-38, authorizing branches to 
be built to Gloucester Point Ferry, to 
Kaighns Point Ferry and to Haddonfield, 
but they were never constru(rted ; and Mai'cli 
1, 1839, a supplement also was jjassed, 
42 



authorizing the extension from tlie southern 
end of the road to some point on Delaware 
Bay between the mouth of Stow Creek and 
the light-house on Cape May. Soon after 
this time the road passed into the possession 
of Henry R. Campbell, who associated with 
him his brother, John D. t'ampbell, who 
advertised April 1, 1840, that they were run- 
ning steam-cars on the road. Benjamin 
Wilkins was superintendent of the road. In 
February, 1847, the Campbells petitioned the 
Legislature for a charter for the " Camden 
and Woodbury Railroad Company," to in- 
clude all the rights and privileges of the 
Camden and Woodbury Railroad and Trans- 
jiortation CVimpany, " now greatly dilajiidat- 
ed," and also asked authority to extend the road 
from Woodbury to Carpenters Landing. 
The petition was granted and an act was 
passed February 24, 1847. The road was 
repaired and partially reconstructed and run 
for a time, but business was not sufficient to 
sustain it and it was sold to Amos Campbell, 
who replaced the steam-cars with horses 
and operated it for a time, when it was aban- 
doned and the tracks torn up. The line is 
practically that of the present West Jersey 
Railroad. 

The Camden and Burlington Coun- 
ty Railroad extends from C;uuden to 
Pemberton, twenty-two and one-half miles, 
and from Burlington to Mount Holly, seven 
and one-(juarter miles. It was leased to the 
Camdeu and Amboy Railroad Com])any 
June 1, 1868, and sub-leased in 1871 to the 
Pennsylvania Railroad Company. It cost 
to build seven hundred and thirty-one thou- 
sand nine hundred and twenty-five dollars, 
which is represented by three hundred and 
eighty-one thousand nine hundred and twen- 
ty-five dollars in capital stock and three hun- 
dred and fifty thousand dollars in bonds. 
This road embodies the franchises and work 
of four companies which j)receded it and 
were finally merged with it. 

The fii'st of these was " The Mount Holly 



358 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



and Camden llailroad Company," whicli was 
chark'i'ed March 4, 1830, and re-chartered 
February 11, 1848, and subseqnently united 
with the Camden, Moorestown, Hainesport 
and Mount Holly Horse-Car Railroad Com- 
pany, which was chartered March 15, 1859, 
and which, notwithstanding its title, had 
authority to use steam, and was built as a 
steam road. 

The Burlington and Mount Holly Rail- 
road and Transportation Company was char- 
tered February 11, 1848, and by the act of 
March 20, 1857, its name was changed to the 
Burlington County Railroad Company. 

On the 28th of July, 1854, the Camden 
and Pemberton Agricultural Railroad Com- 
pany was chartered, with authority to build 
a railroad from .some point in Camden 
thi'ough Camden and Burlington Counties 
to some point in the borough of Pemberton. 
On the 1st of June following, the stockliold- 
ers met at the hotel of James Elwell, in 
Camden, to elect nine directors. In the No- 
vember following a route was surveyed from 
Camden to Freehold and right of way ob- 
tained. The route was through Mount Holly 
and Moorestown, thence to Pemberton, where 
it branched, — the north branch leading to 
South Amboy and the south branch to Toms 
River. This road was completed, and in 
time merged with the others. 

Finally, by an act passed February 6, 
1866, the Burlington County and the Cam- 
den, Moorestown, Hainesport and Mount 
Holly Company were permitted to consoli- 
date as the Camden and Burlington County 
Railroad and to connect with the Camden 
and Amboy outside of Camden. 

The New Jersey Southern Railhoad, 
which extends from Port Monmouth to Atco, 
Camden County, was chartered March 3, 
1854, as the Raritan and Delaware Bay 
Railroad C'Ompany, and was finished in 1863. 
In 1867 it fell into the hands of a receiver, 
was sold September 19, 1869, and reorgan- 
ized un<ler its present name. March 31, 



1879, it was again sold under a second fore- 
closure, the first mortgage bondholders buy- 
ing it for seven hundred and fifty-two thou- 
sand dollars. It was then leased to the Cen- 
tral Railroad of New Jersey, and thus passed 
to the control of the Philadelphia and Read- 
ing Company, which guaranteed the interest 
on the bonds. The capital stock is one mil- 
lion five hundred and ninety thou-sand six 
hundred dollars, and its bonded debt one 
million seven hundred and ninety thousand 
six hundred dollars. 

The Williamstowu Railroad is a branch of 
the New Jersey Southern, and extends from 
Atco to Williamstowu. 

The Camden and Haddonfield Pas- 
senger Railroad Company was chartered 
March 4, 1859, with an authorized capital of 
fifty thousand dollars, twenty-five dollars per 
share. As projected, the line was to begin 
at the foot of Market Street, pass through 
Market and Federal Streets and near the 
Haddonfield turnjiike to the village of Had- 
donfield, but it was not built. 

The Camden, Gloucester and Mount 
Ephraim Railroad was built, in 1875, 
from Camden to Gloucester, by an incorpo- 
rated company, but was, in fact, the individ- 
ual enterprise of David S. Brown, who 
bought the great majority of the stock and 
furnished most of the money for its construc- 
tion, in order that he might have steam trans- 
portation between his extensive cotton mills 
and bleacheries at Gloucester, and the railroad 
and ferry facilities at Camden and Philadel- 
phia. In 1878 it was extended to Mount 
Ephraim, but worked only as a local I'oad. It 
was built as a narrow gauge, the width be- 
tween rails being but two and a half feet, 
the narrowest at that time of all the roads 
in the eastern part of the United States. In 
1884 it was bought by the Philadelphia and 
Reading Railroad Company as the South Cam- 
den iinktothesystem which it was endeavoring 
to perfect in South Jersey through the Phila- 
delphia and Atlantic City, the Jersey Southern 



I'UP.LIC INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT.S, 



359 



iiiul the Vinekiud liaii roads. Tliis purchase 
necessitated a change to the standard gauge, 
and in May, 1885, the alteration was made, 
and a connection with the Philadelpliia and 
Atlantic City Road accordingly established. 
James P. Michelon has been president since 
1879, W. Bertolet is secretary, and the other 
officials are those of the Pliiladelphia and 
Reading Company. 

The Philadelphia and Atlantu' 
City Railway Company was chartered 
March 24, 1876, and on July 1, 1877, the 
first train was run through from Camden to 
Atlantic City, which by this line is a distance 
of fifty-four and a half miles. It passed into 
the hands of a receiver, and on September 
'2i), 1883, the road was sold under foreclosure 
and reorganized witii the word " railway " 
in its title changed to " railroad." The 
authorized capital stock of the new company 
is one million two hundred thousand dollars. 
It was originally constructed as a narrow- 
gauge road, which, after the company's re- 
organization, was changed to the standard 
gauge. It has been associated with the 
Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Com- 
pany, whose officers control it through the 
ownership of a majority of its stock. The 
road is now well patronized and is in ex- 
cellent condition. 

The Philadelphia, Marlton and 
Medfoed Railroad Company was organ- 
nized January 7, 1880, for the purpo.se of 
l)nilding a railroad between the city of 
Pliiladelphia and Medford, by way of Had- 
donfield and Marlton, a distance of about 
eighteen miles. Previous to this undertaking 
a line had been built between Medford and 
Mount Holly, but did not accommodate those 
wishing to go to Philadelphia, and a line of 
railroad was contemplated between Keyport, 
on Raritan Bay, in Monmouth County, and 
Philadelphia, partly graded and then aban- 
doned. This was intended to pass through 
Medford, Marlton and Ellisburg to Kaiglnis 
Point, Camden. 



In view of these failures, a few gentlemen 
about Medford and Marlton soliiutcd the 
directors of the Camden and Atlantic Rail- 
road to assist in building a line of railroad 
from their road at Haddonfield to Medford ; 
and after the route had been adopted and 
the approximate cost ascertained, they con- 
sented to do so, and the work was commenced 
the same year (1880). The first board of 
officers were, — President, Charles D. Free- 
man ; Secretary and Treasurer, Daniel M. 
Zimmerman ; Directors, Charles D. Free- 
man, Benjamin Cooper, George T. Da Costa, 
Elijah B. Woolston, John Lucas, Henry W. 
Wills, Samuel C. Cooper, Elwood Evans, 
William C. Houston, Joseph Evans, Enoch 
A. Doughty and Edmund E. Read. 

J. Lewis Rowaud was appointed chief 
engineer, and the line first run by him was, 
after considerable discussion, adopted and the 
road built thereon, and with the ordinary 
hinderances, the work progressed and was 
finished in 1881, and ready for use. This 
road opened one of the best agricultural dis- 
tricts in the State, and was at once patronized 
by the people of the towns along and near the 
route and the thrifty farmers in that region, 
they well understanding the diiference be- 
tween the speed and comforts of transporta- 
tion on a railroad and that of bad highways 
and jaded teams for such long distances. 

The connection made at Medfonl with the 
Mount Holly Branch completes the line be- 
tween Philadelphia and that point, with con- 
tinuous lines to various important connections 
in other places. The Camden and Atlantic 
Railroad having come under the government 
of the Penusylvania Railroad system, this road 
is now likewise controlled. Its officers are : 

William L. Elkins, president; D. M. Zimmer- 
man, secretary; and William Taylor, treasurer. 
Directors: William L. Elkins, Daniel M. Zimmer- 
man, Edmund E. Read, William C. Houston, Ben- 
jamin Cooper, Ellwood Evans, Elijah B. Woolston, 
.Toseph Evans, Joshua S. Wills, Crawford Miller, 
Charles J. Walton, Sr., Job Br.addock, David D. 
Griscom. 



360 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



CHAPTER XIX. 

navigation a.\d ship-building. 

Navigation on the Delaware. — 
In 1786 Camden was not much more than 
a scattering of ferrymen's houses on the shore, 
and farm mansions a little farther back ; but 
such members of its scanty population as 
were on the river-front on the ■20th of July 
of that year joined with the spectators from 
the Philadelphia side in witnessing the first 
attempt made anywhere in the world, there 
is reason to believe, to jiropel a boat by means 
of a steam-engine. The inventor and exper- 
imenter was John Fitch, born in Connecticut 
in January, 1743, a clock-maker by trade, 
who, after failing as a potash manufacturer, 
armorer to the State of New Jersey, sutler 
in . VVashington's army, land sjteculator in 
Kentucky and surveyor in Pennsylvania, 
conceived the notion of driving a wagon on 
land or a boat on the water by steam, although 
at that time, April, 1785, he knew nothing 
of the invention of the steam-engine, but 
liad noticed the expansive power of steam. 
He was then living in Bucks County, Pa., 
and made a model with brass machinery, 
which worked so well when he tried it on a 
small stream on Joseph Longstreth's farm, in 
Southampton township, that iu August he 
brought it to Philadelijhia, where ex-Con- 
gressman William C. Houston, of New Jer- 
sey, and Provost John Ewing, of the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania, saw it and were 
convinced of its practicability. Fitch sought 
encouragement from Congress and from the 
Ijegislatures of New Jersey, Pennsylvania 
and Maryland, all of which refused him 
any money ; but New Jersey generously 
granted him for fourteen years the exclusive 
right of making and using every kind of 
boat or water-craft which might be urged or 
propelled by the force of fire or steam in the 
waters of tiie Stat<\ 

However, he persuaded twenty men, 



among whom was liiehard Stockton, to take 
a share each in a stock company which he 
formed, each subscriber paying about twenty 
dollars down, and with this fund he started 
to build a steam-boat, having first engaged as 
assistant machinist Henry Voight, a Phila- 
delphia clock-maker, who was willing to ac- 
cept .stock in payment of his services. At 
their second attempt they turned out an en- 
gine with a cylinder three inches in diameter, 
and placing it in a small skitf, they went 
out on July 20, 1786, to navigate the Dela- 
ware. 




FITCH'S FIEST STEAMBOAT. 



The diminutive craft was tried with pad- 
dles fitted on an endless chain, with what 
Fitch called in his journal " a screw of pad- 
dles," with a screw propeller and with side- 
wheels turned by the chain, but it would not 
respond to any of these devices satisfactorily, 
and this experiment was a failure. That 
night he thought of substituting a crank for 
the (ihain movement applied to the oars or 
paddles. On July 27th the skiff was moved 
with this mechanism, and Fitch's financial 
backers were sufficiently assured of the suc- 
cess of his invention, that during the winter 
of 1786-87 they provided him with the 
means for building an engine with a twelve- 
inch cylinder and a boat forty-five feet long 
and twelve feet beam. August 22, 1787, 
saw the fruition of his labors, for then the 
boat steamed along the river-front in the 
jiresence of many members of the convention 
which fi'amed the Federal Constitution, and 
witliin a siiort tinu^ (Jovernor Randolph, 



NAVIGATION AND SIIll'-BUILDlXC!. 



3G1 



David Ilittenhouse. Dr. Jtdm Ewiiig and 
Andrew Ellicott attested over their sigua- 
tures his success, Rittenhouse writing that 
lie had been " on board wiieu the boat was 
worked against both wind and tide, with 
considerable velocity, by tlu' force of steam 
only." 

Fitch had to defend his rights against the 
claims of James Ramsey, of Virginia, to 
priority of invention of the steamboat, but 
on April 23, 1791, he was granted his patent. 
Meanwhile he fixed his old machinery in a 
boat eight feet beam and sixty feet kmg, and 
changed his paddles from the sides to the 
stern of the boat, and in July, 1798, set out 
for Burlington. After making that port the 
boiler leaked so that no steam could be raised, 
and the boat was suffered to drift back with 
the tide. On October 12th the boat ran to 
Burlington, twenty-three miles distant, in 
three hours and ten minutes, with thirty pas- 
sengers and against a tide setting two miles 
an hour. In March, 1789, Fitch built an 




ND '-TEAMBO VT 



engine with an eighteen-iuch cylinder, and 
with a new boat the run to Trenton was 
made at a speed of eight miles an hour on 
May 11, 1790. On June 14th the "steam- 
boat " was advei-tised as " ready to take pas- 
sengers from Ai'ch Street ferry every Monday, 
Wednesday and Friday for Burlington, 
Bristol, Bordentown and Trenton, to return 
on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. 



Price for passage, 2s. 6(/., to Iiurlington and 
Bri.stol ; ;>s. dd. to Bordentown ; 5,s. to Tren- 
ton." Trips were also made across to Cam- 
den during the summei-, and to the Schuyl- 
kill, Chester and Wilmington. A still larger 
boat, to be called the "Perseverance,"' was 
planned, l)ut was destroyed by a storm before 
com]>letion, and Fitch, becoming involved in 
pecuniary troubles, left this neighborhood, 
going to Kentucky, where he had purchased 
lauds. His death occurred at Bardstown, 
Ky., July 2, 1798. 

The next steamer was seen on the Dela- 
ware in the summer of 1797. The engine 
was built near Bordentown by Sam. Morey, 
of Connecticut, and the boat had paddle- 
wheels at the sides. In 1804 Oliver Evans, 
the Philadelphia inventor, constructed a ma- 
chine for cleaning docks at his shops in that 
city, placed it upon wheels connected with 
the engine, propelled it to the Schuylkill, 
there attached a stern-wheel, launched it and 
steamed around to the Delaware and up to 
Beverly, returning to the city the next day. 
In 1807 Robert L. Stevens brought around 
b> sea the steamboat " Phoenix," which had 
liKU built at Hoboken by John C. Stevens, 
md in 1809 this boat was making regulaj. 
ti ips to Bordentown, in charge of Cai>taiu 
jNIoses Rodgers. New York passengers were 
I dvcn by stage from Bordentown to Washing- 
I )n, N. J., and thence to New York by boat. 
V steamboat called the " New Jersey" was 
pi iced on the river during the summer of 
1S12, making regular trips to Whitehill, the 
landing next below Bordentown. The 
"Eagle," built at Kensington by Moses 
Rodgers, began running to Burlington in 
June, 1813, and from thence onward the fleet 
increased, the business of most of the vessels 
being, besides accommodating the local 
travel, to connect with the stage-lines across 
N(!W Jersey and with the railroads when they 
superseded the older method of land travel. 
Passengers from C'amdcn crossed the rivcu- by 
the ferries to reach the steamers, as they have 



362 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSJEY. 



to (lu at present, no lines ever having been 
established from Camden. 

Ferries on tue Delaware. — ^llapid 
settling upon either bank of a great tidal 
river and upon the shores of its numerous 
navigable affluents, and prompted by busi- 
ness and social intercourse to frequent com- 
munication, public ferries became a necessity 
to the Swedish and English colonists as soon 
as they produced anything for barter or sale. 
The people of each nationality included men 
who, coming from the seaports of the old 
countries, were skilled in the construction 
and handling of small boats, and none gifted 
with the slightest prescience could have failed 
to foresee that in supplying the j^opular want 
of transportation across the streams there was 
to be a lucrative business done. It is likely 
enough that before the advent of the Friends, 
the Swedes had some system of ferriage be- 
tween their settlements in West Jersey and 
those on the other side of the Delaware, but 
there is nothing in any of the records to show 
for it or to give names and locations. But 
when the English Friends, witii their clearer 
ideas of accommodating trade and travel, and 
their habit of placing public enterprises un- 
der the sanction of the law, took possession 
of the land, they recognized the occupation 
of the ferryman as one to be encouraged and 
regulated, and the requisite facilities for its 
conduct were soon provided. 

It has been taken for granted by certain 
historians of the locality that anterior to 1687 
there was no ferry on the Delaware below 
that by which the first road between New 
York and Philadeljihia crossed the river at 
the falls ; but in Clement's " First Settlers in 
Newton Township " thei-e is specific mention 
made of a feriy previously in existence, be- 
tween the Indian settlements on the opposite 
side of the river which was continued by 
the early English settlers of AVest Jersey, 
and lends force to the theory that one of 
their primary undertdvings was to provide 
transit between the eastern and western 



shores. This ferry ran between Siiack- 
amaxon, the place of Penn's treaty, and 
the present Coopers Point, on the property 
conveyed to William Cooper, the survey of 
which is dated June 12, 1682. The latter 
named this estate Pyne Point, because of 
the heavy growth of the conifer-bearing trees 
upon it ; and it is one of the curious coinci- 
dences with which history is so plentifully 
pointed that this ancient ferry had its eastern 
terminus upon the land of the founder in 
America of the family which, in succeeding 
generations, so deeply engaged in the business 
of transportation across the Delaware. The 
origin of this ferry is not known, but as in 
1682 a business meeting of Friends was held 
alternately at Thomas Fairman's house, on the 
Philadelphia side, and William Cooper's, on 
the Jersey shore, it is a sound conclusion that 
some occasional means of conveyance across the 
river had already been furnished. It is equal- 
ly probable that Cooper had some supervi- 
sion of this ferry, and that it bore some rela- 
tion to the controversy between William Poy- 
don and himself concerning the boundaries of 
their lands. Before the Pyne Point prop- 
erty of William Cooper was surveyed, Roy- 
don had made a survey lower down the river, 
with which the Cooper tract was found to 
interfere, and the dispute was not quieted 
until the second William Cooper, grandson of 
the first settler, purchased the larger part of 
the Roydou survey, in 1723. Roydon how- 
ever appears to have been the first to estab- 
lish a constant means of communication and 
in 1687 to have obtain a legalized monopoly 
of Delaware ferriage by himself, by the fol- 
lowing proceedings : 

" Wliereas, At a court held at Gloucester upon ye 
first day of ye first month in ye year 1G88, it was 
presented to ye bench that a constant and com- 
mon ferry was very useful! aud much wanted from 
Jersey to Philadelphia, aud also that William 
Roydon's house was judged a place convouieiil, 
and ye said William Roydon a person suitable for 
that employ ; and therefore an order from ye court 
was then (granted for yo cstablishnient and fixiiij; 



NAVIGATION AND SHIP-BUILDING. 



363 



of ye sume. Whereto ye bench did theu mid there 
assent, and reft'erred to ye Grand Jury ye methodiz- 
ing of ye same and to fix ye rates thereof, whicli 
was by them agreed and concluded upon as here- 
under follows : 

" ' Therefore we permit and appoint that a com- 
mon passage or ferry for man and beast be pro- 
vided, fixed and settled in some convenient and 
proper place between ye mouths or entrances of 
Coopers Creek and Newton Creek, and that ye 
government, managing and keeping of ye same be 
committed to ye said William Roydon and his 
assigns, who are hereby empowered and appointed 
to establish, fix and settle ye same within ye lim- 
its aforesaid, wherein all other persons are desired 
and requested to keep no other common or public 
passage or ferry. 

"'And ye said William Eoydon shall prepare 
and provide good and sufficient boats, with other 
conveniences suitable to ye said employ, to be in 
readiness at all times to accommodate people's 
actions, and shall take no more than six pence per 
head for such persons as shall be by him ferried 
over ye River and not more than twelve pence for 
man and horse or other beast, and so not exceed- 
ing twelve pence per head for any sort of beast 
so ferried over, as above said ; except swine, calves 
and sheep, which shall pay only six pence per head 
and no more.' " 

These proceeding.^ are signed by Frauci.'? 
Collins, Andrew Robeson, John Wood, 
Christopher Watkins and Samuel Spicer, 
and on the 24th of April, 1689, the order 
was " entered, examined and recorded " l)y 
John Reading, recorder. 

Roydon's ferry ran from Camden to Pliil- 
adelphia, and there was a wide margin al- 
lowed as to its terminal points on either side 
of the river. He does not appear to have 
made a success of it, and in a few years sold 
it to the first William Cooper, who gave it in 
1(J95 to his son Daniel, who the same year, 
obtained license from the Gloucester County 
Court " for keepiug a ferry over the river to 
Philadelphia at the prices following : 

" For a man and horse, one shilling and six 
pence; for a single horse or cow, one .shilling and 
three pence ; for a single man, ten pence ; and 
when ten or more, six pence per head ; and six 
pence per head for sheeps, calfs or hoggs." 

When Daniel Cooper died, in 171 5, the ap- 



praisement of ills pergonal property included 
two terry-boats, showing that he resided at 
the ferry and was its proprietor at the time 
of his death. In 1730 his son, the second 
William, petitioned Governor John Mont- 
gomerie for a license to keep a ferry " whei-e 
one had been kept for more than forty 
years," which license was granted " with the 
exclusive right of ferry for two miles above 
and two miles below, so long as he accommo- 
dated the people, upon the payment of one 
shilling yearly on the feast day of St. Mich- 
ael the Archangel." This charter not only 
covered the middle ferry and the Coopers 
Point privileges, but it also extended below 
Kaighns Point, and as the first William 
Cooper had forty-five years before bought 
the Roydon ferry, the probability is that the 
Coopers in 1730 owned all the ferry rights 
except that of John Reading, who, on June 
1, 1()95, had been empowered by the court 
" to keep a ferry over Gloucester River (Tim- 
ber Creek), and from Gloucester to Wickaeci : 
for a single man and horse two shillings and 
six pence; and four shillings per head for 
more than one horse and cow ; and one shil- 
ling and six pence for a single man ; and one 
shilling per head when more than one from 
Gloucester to Wickaco ; and five pence per 
iiead for horses, cows, &c.; and two pence jjer 
head for mau without horses or cattell over 
Gloucester River." Thus Reading had come 
into possession of a ferry ijetween Gloucester 
Point and the former Swauson lands at the 
lower end of Philadelphia, while the Coopers 
owned and ran the ferries higher up the 
stream. As roads were straightened and im- 
proved, bridges built and the country more 
thickly settled. Cooper's ferries had the pref- 
erence with travelers, since the distance across 
the river was much shortened, with less 
risk and much greater speed. The later his- 
tory of the Gloucester ferries will be found 
farther on in this chapter. " Tlu; amount 
of business done at these ferries may b(^ 
inferred from the numlxr of inhaliitauts in 



86i 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



tliis region in those days. The ceusus of 
Gloucester County taken in 1737 shows a 
popuhition of three tliousand two hundred 
and sixty-seven, including one hundred and 
twenty-two slaves. A large proportion of 
tliese lived near some navigable stream, de- 
pending upon boats as a means of travel, 
and in going to Philadelphia they would use 
their own transportation and not cross either 
at Gloucester or Coopers ferry. Also it has 
been seen that in 1715 Daniel Cooper had 
but two ferry-boats, no doubt of ordinary 
size and without capacity for carrying aiany 
people, which kind of evidence goes very far 
to prove that the means, though scanty, were 
sufficient for the wants of the public." 

New Jersey and Pennsylvania legislation 
regarding the ferries between the two prov- 
inces was not always cotemporaneous, but in 
the main the acts of each were in harmony. 
In 1700 Pennsylvania ordered that no ferry- 
man be permitted to ply the river Delaware 
" in this government" without first giving 
bond that " they shall not carry out of or 
into this province any strangers that may be 
suspected of piracy or being criminals or run- 
aways." In 1718 the second William 
Cooper obtained from the Pennsylvania As- 
sembly a confirmation of the franchises which 
he enjoyed in New Jersey, the Assembly, on 
February 22d of that year, passing an act for 
" erecting a ferry at or neiu- the laud of Dan- 
iel Coojjer, deceased," and also " to Glouces- 
ter in the AVestern division, N. J." On 
August 18, 1727, another act was passed 
" for establishing a ferry' from the city of 
Philadelphia to the lauding at or near the 
house of Willian\ Cooper, and another from 
or neiir the city bounds to Gloucester, in 
New Jersey." 

The landings on tlu; Pliiladcljihia side are 
said to have been at Market (then High) Street 
and below it, except the one known as the 
" Old Ferry," which was between Market 
and Arch Ktreets. The Penn.sylvania act of 
1727 conferred the ti'rry jurisdiction upon 



the Common Council of Philadelphia, which 
it exercised by appointing Sylvanus Smout 
as ferryman, with a lease of one year, termin- 
ating in September, 1728. Smout worked 
in conjunction with the Coopers, and in 1735 
the Penns confirmed the right of the muni- 
cipal corporation to make grants of ferry 
privileges from Cohoeksink Creek to beyond 
the south bounds of the (;ity. After Smout, 
William Rawle, brother-in-law of William 
Coojier, was appointed ferryman on the 
Pennsylvania side, with a seven years' lease, 
for which he paid thirty pounds per annum. 
He died before February 24, 1748, as on 
that date Cooper, who was one of his execu- 
tors, applied for a new lease in his own name, 
to run until Francis Rawle, son of William, 
should attain his majority and be able to un- 
dertake the business for himself. The 
younger Rawle got the lease for himself in 
1755, and as he was also dead at its expira- 
tion, in 1763, it was awarded to his widow, 
Rebecca Rawle, and his executors paid the 
rental up to March, 1769. 

William Cooper, son of Daniel and grand- 
son of William, in 1723 came into posses- 
sion of all the Roydon lands, and in 1744 
conveyed to his son Daniel one hundred acres 
of land, including the site of the Federal 
Street ferry. The site of the old ferry was 
a little south of the foot of Cooper Street, 
and was probably abandoned about 1755 or 
1760, as it was not mentioned even in the 
deed from William Cooper to his son Jacob 
in 1764, which conveyed to him the property 
on the river between a point a short distance 
north of Cooper Street, south to near Arch 
Street. The history of the ferries will be 
given under their diiJerent names. 

The primitive boats of the settlers were 
small skiffs, but as the demands of transpor- 
tation increased, they were succeeded by the 
wherries. These were capital craft and most 
admirably ada])ted to their work. They 
were from twenty-five to forty feet long, with 
;i l)eani of one-tliinl their length, were clink- 



NAVIGATION AND SHIP-BUILDING. 



365 



er-built, and their long, sharp prows were 
shod "with iron, which protected them from 
being cut through when they were driven 
against the floating ice in tiie winter passages. 
If the river was hard frozen, they were placed 
upon runners and dragged across by hand. 
Women and children were then allowed to 
remain in the boats, but the able-bodied 
men were expected to work their passage at 
tlie ropes. For the ferriage of horses, cattle, 
vehicles, etc., there were the " horse-boats," 
huge, flat-bottomed scows, propelled by enor- 
mous sweeps, that under opposing conditions 
of tides might take an hour to make the 
crossing. The immediate forerunner of 
steam was the marvelous construction known 
as a " team-boat," which had wheels upon 
its sides, the motive-power of which was 
furnished by horses working on some boats 
in the fashion of a treadmill and on another 
pattern traveling in a circle at the ends of 
iiorizontal arms which had a cogged gearing 
to the shaft. Eight, nine or ten horses were 
employed in a boat of this class, which was 
a vast improvement upon manuallabor atthe 
oars and no mean approximation to steam- 
power. The year was divided by the ferry- 
man into summer and winter seasons, one 
extending from March to December, and the 
other from December to March. After the 
Revolutionary War the business became sys- 
tematized and by general consent the ferry- 
men establislied a uniform scale of summer 
prices — For each passenger, twelve and a half 
cents ; for wagon and horses, one dollar and 
a half; for man and horse, fifty cents, and for 
cattle per head, fifty cents. lu the winter 
tliis tariff was doubled, and the senior ferry- 
master decided when the advance was to be 
made. He gave the signal for the double 
tolls by ordering the horse-boats from their 
anchorage in the river to the wharves. Dr. 
Fisler gives these names of some of the team- 
boats: The " Ridgway," built by Benjamin 
Reeves, whicli ran from the foot of Cooper 
Street ; the '' Washington," whirli i)licd be- 



tween Market Street, Oatndcn, and Market 
Street, Philadelpliia ; the " PIkcuIx," 
"Moses Lancaster," "Constitution" and 
" Independence." 

' Steam was first used in 1810, but to a lim- 
ited extent, and often a return was made to 
the team-boats. The first steam ferry-boat 
was built in 1810 by James Bispham and was 
commanded by Captain Ziba Kellum, and 
ran from Camden to Market Street. It is 
an unsettled question whether this boat ran 
from Kaighns Point or Cooper Street ferry. 
Shortly after James Springer built one. In 
1813 William Cooper built the "Rebecca" 
It was not until the ferry companies were or- 
ganized that ferry-boats were fitted for run- 
ning through ice and making regular trips 
in tiie winter. 

Messrs. Toy and Reeves, of Federal Street 
Feny, in 1835, at the request of many citi- 
zens, tried the experiment of running a 
night boat, but were obliged to abandon the 
entei'prise for want of support. The ferry 
companies being better able to sustain loss 
than individuals, later began night trips and 
continued them. The Camden and Philadel- 
phia Ferry Company put on the first night 
boat July 4, 1842; the last boat left Camden 
at nine o'clock and Philadelphia at half-past 
nine p.m. 

The steam ferry-boat " State Rights," 
built in 1835, was the first boat furnished 
with cabins. The necessity of life-saving 
appliances was not apparent until the disas- 
ter occurred to the ferry-boat " New Jersey," 
March 1 5, 1855. From that time, ferrj'-boats 
were fitted with life-preservers, cork cushions 
and other appliances not only for saving life 
but for extinguishing fire. 

In 1828 there were twelve steam ferry- 
boats in service between Philadelphia and 
Camden, among them being the " William 
Wray," the " Pliiladelphia" and the " Min- 
ette," alias the " Dandy," which took passen- 
gers to and from Joseph Laterno's A^auxhall 
Garden, Market and Fourth Streets, Cam- 



366 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



den. In 1843 there were fourteen steamboats, 
costing seventy thousand dollars, — two from 
Coopers Point to Arch Street and Kensing- 
ton (or Shackamasou), two from English's 
(Cooper Street) to Arch Street, three from 
lower side of Market Street (one of 
which connected with Callowhill), two 
from Cake's (u]iper side of Market 
Street), two from Ellwell's (Federal Street) to 
foot of Walnut Street, two from Kaighus 
Point to foot of South Street and one be- 
tween Gloucester and Greenwich. 

Coopers Point Ferry, now the Cam- 
den and Atlantic Ferry, is the oldest in the 
county to continue. The Point was the prop- 
erty of William Cooper, who settled upon it 
in 1680, and doubtless operated a ferry dur- 
ing the summer of 1682, when the Friends 
were holding a six weeks' business meeting 
at Shackamaxon and his place. The precise 
time the ferry was regularly established is 
not known, but that it was in operation be- 
fore 1708 is ascertained from the deed of 
William Cooper to his son Joseph, dated 
February 18th, in that year, to whom he 
convoys two hundred and twelve acres, in- 
cluding the ferry at Coojjers Point. Joseph 
Cooper conveyed one hundred and twenty- 
two acres of the tract of two hundred 
and twelve to his son Benjamin, including 
the ferry, May 2, 1728, who operated it 
until July 1, 1762, when he conveyed it 
to his son Samuel, who soon after built 
the ferry-house now standing and used in 
part as the office of the Camden and Atlan- 
tic Railroatl Company. The ferry was con- 
ducted by him many years. About 1800 it 
passed to his son William, who conducted 
it until his death, in 1849. William Cooper 
had, in 1813, built the steam ferry-boat 
" Rebecca " (named after his wife), it being 
the first steamboat used at that ferry and 
the third on the river. The " Rebecca " 
also became known as the " Aunt JJecky." 
A peculiarity of this steamer was the boiler, 
the shell of which was of wood clamped 



with iron bands. Her single wheel was at 
her stern, and being the first vessel of the 
kind on the stream she got a second nick- 
name — " The Wheelbarrow." She was com- 
manded by Captain Lannery and Captain 
Fred. Rotii. She was succeeded by the 
"Citizen," "The Old Coopers Point," and 
the "Kensington," M'hich ran to Poplar 
Street. In 1855 the" Leo" was put on and 
ran to Vine Street ; " Tallacca ; " " Arasapha," 
built in 1861 and which was the first iron 
ferry-boat with beam engine on the Dela- 
ware; "Old Atlantic," in 1865; and "Coopers 
Point," in 1879. 

In 1849, the Coopers Point Ferry passed 
to Joseph W. Cooper, son of William, 
who ran it until 1854, when he sold it to the 
Camden and Atlantic Railroad Company, 
who owned it one year, when it again came 
into the possession of Joseph W. Cooper, who 
formed a company and applied to the Legis- 
lature for a charter for The Coopers Point 
and Philadelphia Ferry Company, whicii 
was granted and approved Fcl)rnary 20, 
1856. The corporators named in the act 
were Joseph W. Cooper, Samuel R. Lippin- 
cott, John C. Dacosta, Joseph Ellis, Walter 
D. Bell, Isaac H. Wood, Benjamin W. 
Cooper, who were also named as directors. 

The company operated the ferry from that 
time until January 24, 1872, when the Cam- 
den and Atlantic Railroad Company pur- 
chased the property and have since operated 
it in connection with their railroad. They 
iiave at present three boats, — the "New At- 
lantic," "Arasapha," and "Coopers Point" 
— llint run to Vine Street, Philadelphia. 

Sanniel C. Cooper served as manager for 
the ferry company for ten years preceding 
its sale to the railroad company. 

The Kensington and New Jersey Ferry 
('ompany, incorporated about fifteen years 
ago, extends from Coopers Point to Ken- 
sington (Shackamaxon Street, Philadelphia). 
This iiu'ry is now under the control of the 
Camden and Atlantic Railroad Company, 



NAVKiATION AM) SIIIP-BUILD[N(i. 



367 



;um1 on it the stfamlxiat " Slini'kiimaxon " is 
run. 

The Federal Street Feri;y. — Tlie 
site of the Federal Street Ferry was granted, 
with one hundred acres of land, to Daniel 
Cooper in 1744, who, a few years later, doubt- 
less established a ferry at that place. In 
17(54 he erected a mansion known after- 
wards as Parson's Hotel, and inserted a slab 
with the letters " D. M. C, 1764," which 
were for Daniel and Mary (West) Cooper. 
Joshua Cooper, son of Daniel, took charge of 
the ferry and conducted it until 1803. It 
was left to bim by will from his father, 
dated in 1 76S, although he did not possess 
till' property until several years later. In 
1790 it was connect cd with the main roads 
from Burlington by a road along the river, 
intersecting the Cooper Street Ferry, then 
owned by Daniel Cooper, his nephew. Joshua 
Cooper, in 180.3, leased the Federal Street 
Ferry to Richard Thome for a term of eight 
years. Its ownership passed from Joshua 
Cooper to his brother James, who, before 
1820, sold it to John Wessels, who also in 
that year kept a store at the foot of the street 
west of the Ferry House, and who ran the 
ferry many years, and at his death, in 1830, 
loft it to his son, Samuel D., who, in 1832, 
sold it to Jacob Ridgway. Boats ran to Arch 
Street and to Market Street, Philadelphia. 
At the former point Ridgway owned the 
Arch Street House, and at Market Street he 
removed the old ferry hotel and built the 
Kidgway House in 1837. The ferry prop- 
erty in Camden embraced all the laud, witli 
the improvements thereon, between Arch and 
Federal, west of Second Street, with much 
ground south of Federal, j)leasure gardens 
taking up much of the latter. Ridgway en- 
larged the Ferry House by building a wing on 
Federal Street, built a row of frame liou^^es on 
Arch Street, and made many other improve- 
ments, all of which, together with two hotels 
in Philadelphia, he sold in 1838 to the Cam- 
den and Philadelphia Steamboat Ferry Co. 



In Decembor, 1780, .Joseph Wright, of 
i'hiladclphia, established the " Lower Ferry," 
which also landed at J'Vderal Street, starting 
on the western side from Robert Wain's 
wharf, below tiie drawbridge. It touched at 
Windmill Island, where Wright erected a 
half-way house and announced that " passeu- 
g(trs woidd always meet with hearty welcome 
and a liospital)le fire in the cold season to 
warm and rei'resh themselves while waiting 
fir an t)pportunity of evading those large 
fields of ice which generally float up and 
down with the tide and obstruct the j)assage 
during winter." 

Wright's enterprise of the half-way house 
was the seed of an ambitious project 
that sprouted in the minds of some citizens 
of Camden, the most prominent of whom 
was Edward Sharp. They conceived, about 
the year 1818, the notion of building a bridge 
between Camden and Windmill Island, 
from which access to Philadelphia by a short 
ferry would be easy. A bridge company 
was incorporated by the New Jersey Legis- 
ture, and iu order to accommodate the 
expected travel, Sharp laid out Bridge Ave- 
nue in Camden, in 1820, but the scheme fell 
dead because of the lack of investors in the 
stock of the company. 

Under the Wessel ownership of this ferry, 
Joseph Wilds and Benjamin Reeves were 
ferry-masters. From 1825 to 1835 Reeves 
and Isaiah Toy were partners, the former 
keeping the ferry-house at the foot of jMarket 
Street, I'liiladeljihia, and the latter the ferry- 
house at the foot of Federal Street, in Cam- 
den. Following Toy was John Kinsell, and 
with him ends the list of private managers. 

Neither Joshua Cooper of 1769, Richard 
Thorneof 1811, nor even John Kinsell of 1840 
would know the Federal Street Ferry were 
they now living to take a survey of it. As 
late as 1850 the ferry slips were as far east 
as Delaware Street, and the process of filling 
up and moving the landing westward had 
been going on for more than half a century. 



368 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



In the earlier years, save the ferry-houses or 
hotels, there was no shelter for waiting pas- 
sengers, while now commodious saloons 
discard the necessity for hotels. On April 
1, 1841, R. C. Cake leased the old ferry- 
house at Federal Street and continued there 
until 1850. He was succeeded by John 
Woolston, and, in November, 1854, Stephen 
Parsons took the house and kept it until 
June, 1882. In 1883 the old house, after 
one hundred and nineteen years of service, 
was torn down. 

Camden and Philadelphia Steam- 
boat Ferry Company. — This company 
was incorporated March 5, 1836, with an 
authorized capital of one hundred thousand 
dollars, and the right to purchase, build or 
lease wharves, slips, piers and buildings to 
build steamboats, vessels and ferry-boats and 
to arrange a schedule of fares. The following 
persons were named in the act of incorpora- 
tion as directors : Joseph Ivaighn, Samuel 
Lanning, Gideon V. Stivers, John W. 
Mickle, Richard Fetters, Samuel Harris, 
Isaac Vansciver, Isaac Cole and William 
Carman. Joseph Kaighn was chosen presi- 
dent, and John VV. Mickle secretary and 
treasurer. 

In the fall of 1837 the company purchased 
the Federal Street Ferry of Jacob Ridgway 
and at once fitted it up, not only for ordinary 
passenger traffic, but to run in connection 
with the Camden and Amboy Railroad. The 
first boat under their charge began its trips 
on the 18th of April in 1838. The company 
erected a large brick hotel near the ferry- 
house, which was opened by James Elwell 
and was known as the " Railroad Hotel." It 
was destroyed by fire April 1, 1842, and re- 
built as a four-story brick and again occupied 
by James Elwell. It was eventually torn 
down. 

The company was infiuential in obtain- 
ing a charter ibr the canal through Wind- 
mill Island, from the Pennsylvania Legis- 
lature in February, 1838, and which was 



so far completed as to be used in 1840. 
Benjamin Farrow, now living, was placed in 
charge of the station on the island and con- 
tinued sixteen years, when the special privi- 
leges granted to the company were abandoned. 

Joseph Kaighn, the president, died in 
1841, and Samuel Harris was elected in his 
place, filling the position until 1844, when 
John W. Mickle was made president and re- 
mained .such until his death, and William H. 
Gatzmer was made secretary and treasurer, a 
position he holds to this day. 

When the ferry company purchased, in 
1838, John W. Mickle assumed control and 
managed for several years, when, in 1846, 
John J. Benson was appointed superintendent 
and was followed by Henry Fredericks for 
one year and then by David Craven. In 
December, 1855, the present superintendent, 
Andrew B. Frazee, was apjiointed, and for 
nearly thirty-one years he has conducted the 
ferry with rare tact and success. About four 
mouths after he took charge the terrible 
disaster to the "New Jersey," which was 
burned with a loss of sixty of her passengers, 
although no fault of his, so daunted the 
young official that he tendered his resignation, 
whicli the directors wisely refu.sed to accept, 
and his long and useful career, which has 
won for him their confidence and the esteem 
of the community, prove that the officers of 
1856 knew what they were doing. 

The ferry-boat " New Jersey," of the Cam- 
den and Philadelphia Steamboat Ferry Com- 
pany, was burned Saturday evening, March 15, 
1856, with one hundred passengers on board. 
It left the dock, at the foot of Walnut Street, 
Philadelphia, between eight and nine o'clock, 
for Camden, and headed for the canal, which 
was found so full of ice that the boat turned 
northward so as to cross the bar above the 
island. AVhen nearly opposite Arch Street 
wharf the boat was discovered to be on fire^ 
near the smoke-stack. The captain directed 
the ])ilot to steer direct for the Arch Street 
wharf, which was done. The fire spread 



NAVIGATIOx\ AND SHIP-BUILDING. 



369 



witli groat rajiiility, and soon tlie pilot aiul 
engineer were driven from tlieir positions 
and the boat was nnmanageable. When 
witliin thirty feet from tlie wharf the pilot- 
house fell. A flood-tide was setting up the 
river at the time, and the boat steered from 
the wharf towards the island. Many pas- 
sengers jumped when near the wharf, and 
forty-seven were saved. The boat floated 
toward the island and lodged on the ice. She 
was later towed to the Jersey shore, where 
she sank. 

Of the boats used at this ferry during the 
first quarter of the present century little is 
certainly known. The ferry-masters kept 
few records and memory dies with ( he owner. 
The first authentic account of a steamboat at 
Federal Street was the " Franklin," in 1820. 
She was in command of Captain Richard 
Fetters, and was built by Benjamin Reeves, to 
run from Market Street, and transferred to the 
Federal Street Ferry when he changed his 
base. Team-boats propelled by horses mov- 
ing in a circle were used even after steam had 
been tried. From 1820 to 1830 team boats 
were used at this ferry. The " William 
Wray " and " Philadelphia " were built by 
Toy & Reeves in 1828. They were steam- 
boats, and were in use twenty years after- 
wards. The " Philly," as she was familiarly 
called, was a favorite excursion boat, and was 
frequently used on Sunday-school picnics. 

When the Ferry Company came into pos- 
session they found on their hands the " ( )ld 
Philly," " Billy Wray " and "State Rights." 
These came with the ari'angements made 
between the ferry company and the railroad 
company in relation to the transfer of pas- 
sengers across the river to Walnut Street. 
In 1835 the Camden and Amboy Railroad 
Company built the " States Rights," a very 
large and powerful boat which came to be 
called the " Ice Breaker," because its size and 
power fitted it for keeping the channel open 
in winter. The name was changed to " United 
States Rights," as the war peri(xl approached 



and the original title was loinid to he sym- 
bolical of political (loclriiics niipiipiilar in 
this section. 

For many years the Camden and Amboy 
Company ran a ferry from Bridge Avenue to 
Walnut Street, and tlie boats of the two com- 
panies sometimes interchanged positions. The 
" John Fitch " and " New Jersey " were added 
to the fleet. The latter was built ftir the Glou- 
cester ferry. The " Mary " followed, and in 
1852 the " Dido." The latter was an iron 
boat, low in the water, very sharp, of great 
power and speed, making her way through 
ice that wholly checked the progress of other 
boats. She was the universal favorite, and 
if the " Kaighns Pointers" vowed by the 
" Champion," all others swore by the " Dido." 

After A. B. Frazee became superintendent 
the " Delaware," "Camden " and " Philadel- 
phia" were built. These were wooden boats, 
but superior in size, power and accommoda- 
tion, to any preceding them. They have been 
disposed of in various ways. In 1874 the 
" Pennsylvania" was built. She is of iron, 
with iron wheels, the first so constructed, but 
generally copied after since. In 1882 the 
" Wenonah " and " Beverly " were con- 
structed. They are copied after the " Penn- 
sylvania," but are larger, stronger and more 
powerful, and stand for the highest type of 
ferry-boats designed for Delaware River 
ferrying. Six million passengers crossed 
the ferry in 1886. 

With the exception of the New Jersey 
catastrophe, this ferry has had no serious 
mishap. From the first the relations be- 
tween the ferry and railroad companies were 
of the most friendly character, and since the 
lease of the Camden and Amboy Railroad by 
the Pennsylvania Company, the latter has 
assumed control, and although two in law, in 
their workings they are one. The following 
are the officers and directors, Edmund Smith 
(president), William H. Gatzraer (secretary 
and treasurer), John C. Bullitt, William J. 
Sewell, J. Morris Dorraiice, William N. 



370 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Bannard, JJciijamin F. Archer, John W. 
McKniglit, Tliomas H. Dudley; Superin- 
teiident; A. M. Frazee; Carpenter, Thomas 
Jones; Chief Engineer, Daniel Situpkins. 

William H. Gatzmer, well and famil- 
iarly known to the active business world as 
an energetic and leading spirit in the early 
development and subsequently successful op- 
eration of the Camden and Araboy Railroad, 
was born near Somerville, Somerset County, 
N. J., July 22, 1807. He is descended on 
tiie paternal side from German ancestry, his 
father having sailed from Coburg to this 
country in 1794, and made his home in Bus- 
tieton, Pa., near Philadeljjhia. He after- 
wards removed to Somerset County, N. J., 
at which point he became identified with the 
milling interests of that section. 

The youthful years of William H. Gatz- 
mer were not unlike those of most boys of 
his day, when limited means and scanty 
educational "advantages threw him uponjiis 
own resources, the early development of 
which contributed greatly to his successful 
business life in after-years. Such opportu- 
nities for acquiring an education as were af- 
forded by the country village in which he 
lived were well improved, and, at the age of 
twelve, he was sufficiently advanced in his 
studies to fill a position as clerk in a country 
store. A year later he entered a more ex- 
tensive establishment at Somerville, and at 
this place remained nearly five years. His 
close attention to the details and requirements 
of the business won for him the confidence 
and esteem of his employers, and in appre- 
ciation of his ability a partnership was pro- 
posed ; but the lack of capital, together with 
the belief that the knowledge of some trade 
would render him more sure of success in 
life, led him to decline the offer. He then 
entered a printing-office in the same town. 
Here, the ambition of the youth became ap- 
parent ; he not only quickly became master 
of all tiie details of this new avocation, but 
devoted his leisure hours to the study of 



science and literature. Always active, and 
possessing an energetic spirit, he sought for 
advancement, and in 1830 made successful 
application to one of the largest steamboat 
com])anies of New York City — the Stevens 
Brothers — by whom he was made chief clerk 
on the steamer "North America." This 
company was constructing, at that time, the 
Camden and Amboy Railroad. Three years 
later, they having completed the eastern sec- 
tion of this line, Mr. Gatzmer was transfer- 
red to the steamboat route between New York 
City and South Amboy, where he also spent 
three years. 

After the completion of the road he en- 
tered the Philadelphia office, where he dis- 
])]ayed marked executive ability to such an 
extent that upon the resignation of Edwin 
A. Stevens from the presidency of the Cam- 
den and Amboy Railroad Company, iu 1867, 
he was by unanimous consent elected to fill 
the vacancy. This substantial recognition of 
Mr. Gatzmer's worth was but justly his due 
in return for thirty-seven years of faithful 
and uninterrupted service. This position he 
continued to hold until May, 1872, when the 
road was finally leased to the Pennsylvania 
Railroad Company. jNIr. Gatzmer was 
identified with the Lehigh Valley Railroad 
Company as early as 185-3 as a director, 
which relation he sustained until 1872, when 
he also became consulting manager, and 
filled both positions until 1880. 

The success of the Camden and Amboy 
Railroad stimulated the construction of 
railroads elsewhere, and the great principle 
involved iu the proper management of rail- 
roads, approved by him, have been univer- 
sally adopted, to a greater or less extent, by 
other railroad companies. He may be justly 
styled the railroad " Nestor," for we know- 
of no other gentleman who for so Ljng a pe- 
riod has maintained the position of the chief 
manager of one of the most wealthy and im- 
portant railroads on this continent. 

Throughout his active business life his 




::^ 



NAVIGATION AND SHIP-BUILDING. 



371 



(lispii.sitioii was ever most genial and cordial, 
and, notwithstanding the pi'essiug demands 
upon iiis time, and the many cares and re- 
sponsibilities resting upon iiini, he was at all 
times approachable alike to friends and 
subordinates. In him are happily blended 
the most amiable and courteous manners, 
with a firm and resolute decision of charac- 
ter, to which are mainly due his great influ- 
ence in the New Jersey Railroad system and 
his universal popularity with the public. 

Mr. Gatzmer, at the age of twenty-two 
years, was united iu marriage with Eliza 
A. Campbell, of New York City. At the 
present time Mr. Gatzmer has but two sons 
living, William C. and Robert, both of whom 
are actively engaged iu business, and pos- 
sess many of the qualifications and charac- 
teristics which renderetl their father so suc- 
cessful and popular. The other children were 
Edwin, Eliza, Henry S. and Ann. Edwin 
died July 25, 1S83, and Henry S., February 
9, 1886.' 

Cai'Tain Axdkew Blair Frazee, who 
for thirty-one years has been the active and 
efficient superintendent of the Camden and 
Philadelphia Steamboat Ferry Comjiany, was 
born iu the city of New Brunswick, N. J., 
on the 2gth day of August, 1820. His 
grandfather, Henry Frazee, emigrated from 
France and settled in the State of New Jer- 
sey. In 1794 he formed a military company 
and marched with it into Western Pennsyl- 
vania to aid in quelling the Whiskey Insurrec- 
tion iu that State. He never returned 
from this expedition, and uothing is known 
of his futui'e history. 

Henry Frazee, his son, and the father of 
Captain Frazee, was married to Jane Fisher, 
of Middlesex County, and was long a resident 
of New Brunswick, in which city he died at 
the age of seventy-six years. The grand- 
mother of the captain on his mother's side, 
who.se name was Mary E. Blair, emigrated 
from Ireland when quite young. 

Captain Frazee obtained his education in 



tlie schools of iiis native i)lace and early in 
life entered upon an active career, which he 
has regularly continued to this timc^. Iu 
March, 18.")3, he became an employee on the 
steamboat " Napoleou," owned by the New 
Brunswick Steamboat Company, controlled 
by the Camden and Amboy Railroad, and was 
afterward transferred to the steamboat " Rar- 
itan," owned by the .same company, until 
1842. Robert L. and Edwin A. Stevens, 
well-known individuals in the history of 
transportation in America, then appointed 
him captain of the " Joseph Belknap," one 
of their boats plying between Amboy and 
New York City. Recognizing his efficiency 
and ability, in 1851 they seut him for one 
year to Wilmington, Del., to superintend the 
construction of the " Richard Stockton," a 
handsome steamer, which, when completed, 
ran between Philadelphia and Bordentown, 
which, with the Amboy Railroad from Bor- 
deutown and the "Joseph Belknap" from Am- 
boy, completed the line of transportation 
from Philadelphia to New York City, and 
Captain Fraz(!e again became commander of 
the last-named boat. 

In October, 1855, he was ordered bv the 
( 'anrden and Amboy Railroad Company, with 
the " Joseph liulknap," to Philadelphia, and 
in November of the same year was ap|)oiiited 
superintendent of the Camden and I'hiladel- 
phia Steamboat Ferry Company, which po- 
sition he has since held and is therefore, in 
term of service, the oldest employee of the 
old Camden and Amboy Railroad Comj)any. 
In the position of superintendent of the ferrv 
he has shown rare executive ability and ren- 
dered very efficient service in making needed 
improvements and building up the interestsof 
the company under whose emplov he has 
been so long engaged. He sujjerintended the 
construction of the "Camden," " Delaware," 
" Philadelpliii," " Pennsylvania " and the 
I'cmodeled " Delaware," tlie " Beverly " and 
the " Wenonah," well-known ferry-boats of 
this company. 



372 



HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Captain Frazee was married, Septeml)er 
3, 1844, to Siisau A^anhook Voorhees, daugh- 
ter of Peter Voorhees, of New Brunswick, a 
descendant of one of the early Dutch families 
of New Jersey. She died in 1871, leaving 
one child, Jane F. Frazee, who is married to 
Richard F. Smith, the present sheriff of Cam-' 
den County. By his second marriage, with 
Mary Emily Young, of Philadelphia, Octo- 
ber 27, 1873, Captain Frazee has three chil- 
dren, — Andrew B., William H. and Susan 
Emily. 

Captiiin Frazee has taken an active interest 
in the Masonic Order, haviug long been a 
member. He was made a Master Mason in 
1866 ; a Eoyal Arch Mason and a Knight 
Templar in 1868; was Eminent Commander 
of Cyrene Commaudery No. 7, of Camden, in 
1869 and 1870, and was elected Grand Com- 
mander of Knights Templar of the State in 
1880. He has taken all the degrees up to and 
including the thirty-third, which was con- 
ferred upon him at Boston by a session of 
the Supreme Council on September 19, 1882, 
making him an honorary member of that 
body, and in September 27, 1883, he was made 
an active member. On September 16, 1885, 
he was elected deputy of the Supreme Coun- 
cil for the State of New Jersey. There are 
uow only two active members in the State. 
He has been a member of the Odd Fellows 
since 1842. 

Cooper Street Ferry. — The history of 
the Roydon Ferry, afterwards known as the 
Cooper Street Ferry, has already been given 
in the beginning of this chapter up to about 
1767, when it passed, by will, with tlie 
property on the north side of Cooper Street, 
and to Pearl Street, from William Coop(;r, 
of Philadeli)hia, to his grandson, William, 
son of Daniel. The ferry at the foot of the 
street was established before the Revolution, 
as mention is made of the Middle Ferry. It 
pa.ssed from William C!ooper to his son Dan- 
iel, who operated it in 1796. Daniel died 
about 1804, and in IS] 7 his property was 



divided between his three daughters, — Mary 
Ann (Carman), Abigail and Esther L. The 
ferry property came to Abigail, by whom it 
was retained until her death, in 1868. 

The ferry, after the death of Daniel 
Cooper, was operated by one Collins, later 
by Joseph Bispham, and in 1810 and later 
by Benjamin Reeves. In 1814 Benjamin 
Reeves built, for Richard M. Cooper (who, 
from this time, owned the ferry-boats), the 
'' Camden," a steam ferry-boat. Later the 
" Vigilant " was built, and burned at the 
ilock a few weeks after it was completed. 
The " Delaware " was then built, and is said 
to have bsen the first ferry-boat with a verti- 
cal cylinder. She ran several years, and, on 
the 31st of October, 1827, the boiler burst 
while lying at the dock, killing the engineer, 
John Thorne, Ledden Davis and injuring 
others. 

In 1824 the ferry was conducted by Eben- 
ezer Toole, who, in 1828, purchased the 
Kaighns Point Ferry. He was succeeded in 
the Cooper Street Ferry by Joseph English, 
who conducted it until his death, and was 
succeeded by his son Israel, who continued 
until its abandonment, early in 1850. The 
property did not pass from the Coopers from 
its establishment to its close. The English 
Ferry-House, as it was known, stood on the 
site of the new block of buildings, corner of 
Front and Cooper Streets, well back from 
i)oth streets. The site of the slip, where the 
ferry-boats landed, is now occupied by the 
Derby & Wetherby machine-shoj). In 
1849 the stables of the ferry were burned 
and the ferry was abandoned, and in 1850 
Israel English moved to the West Jersey 
Hotel, and the old house ceased to be a ho- 
tel, but was kept for years in connection 
with the garden, and was torn down upon 
the erection of the present brick block. 

Kaighns Point Ferry was established 
by Joseph Kaigiui in the autumn of 1809. 
It was located at tlie foot of Ferry Str(H;t, 
a narrow tlmrouiihfiire ruiniinii off from 




Cl^^'y^^Ae^^.^ /0, 




es 



NAVIGATION AND SHIP-BUILDING. 



B73 



Kaiglin Avenue, below Second Street, the 
c;wteru end beino; vacated, while the portion 
west of Front Street is now used by the 
Camden, (xloucester and Mount Ephraim 
Railroad. Until recently the remnants of a 
grove of large willow trees that shaded the 
approach to the ferry were standing. 

Christopher Madara, who came from Salem 
County, leased the Kaighn Feri-y prop- 
erty and operated the ferry which hinded 
at Queen- Street, Southwark, until 1815, 
when the property Nvas leased to the Penn- 
sylvania and New Jersey Steamboat Ferry 
Company for ninety-nine years. Robert 
Fulton, Robert Livingston and John Stevens 
at that time claimed the sole right of running 
steamboats in the United States, and this 
company bought from them the exclusive 
privilege for the Delaware River within five 
miles north and south of Kaighns Point. 
Thus the other companies were restricted to 
the use of the old " team-boats," until the 
United States Supreme Court decided against 
Fulton's claim and threw steam open to the 
world. The conditions of the lease were 
that, under penalty of forfeiture, the company 
should at all times maintain a good ferry. 

The Pennsylvania and New Jersey Com- 
pany put upon the river, in 181 o, the largest 
and finest boat before seen in these waters, — 
the " Union," — the hull of which was built at 
Kensington by Nicholas Vandusen, and the 
engine at Hobokeu by Robert L. Stevens. 
The company spent so much money in the con- 
struction of boats and the building of wharves 
at Kaighns Point and at Washington and 
South Streets, on the Philadelphia side, that 
it fell into bankruptcy. Yet it continued to 
run a little steamer called the "Norristown," 
but when that was burned it was forced to 
suspend. In 1816 Madara gave up the 
Kaighns Point Hotel to George W. Hugg, 
and June 21, 1821, Kaighn sold the whole 
})roperty to the widow of Clement Reeves, 
who brought suit against the company for 
forfeiture of its charter and won her case. 
4-) 



^Irs. Reeves and her sons, Israel and Jo- 
sop,h, conducted the ferry with success, and 
built the " Southwark " and the " New Jersey," 
the latter a safe boat, suited for the business, 
but was so exceedingly slow as to earu the 
sobriquet of " Scrubbing Brush " and " The 
Turtle." 

Mrs. Reeves died in 1827. Israel Reeves, 
her executor, sold the property to Ebenezer 
Toole, by deed bearing date January 3, 1828. 
The price paid was thirteen thousand five 
hundred dollars, and the assessed value of 
the jjroperty in 1834 was nineteen thousand 
two hundred and fifty dollars. 

William Champion became associated with 
Toole in the ferry business, and the two con- 
ducted the enterprise for over twenty years, 
their western terminus being at the foot of 
South Street, where Champion kept the hotel 
known as the Champion House. They built 
the " Southwark " " Kaighns Point '' and 
" William Charapiou " ferry-boats. The first 
was worn out prior to 1850, the second was in 
service until 1853, while the "Champion" 
did full duty until 18G6. She was accounted 
a superior boat in her day, and the "Kaighns 
Pointers " of the " foi'ties " and early 
" fifties " made their vows by the " ' Billy ' 
Champion." Ebenezer Toole, dying in 1850, 
his heirs, January 22, 1852, conveyed the 
property to the South Camden Ferry Com- 
pany, which was incorporated May 14, 1851, 
of which Charles Kaighn, Joseph M. Cooper 
and William Griffith were members. 

The company, by the act of incorporation, 
established the ferry at the old place, the 
foot of Feriy Street, and on the 24th of Feb- 
ruary, 1853, procured an ameudmeut to the 
charter which authorized a change of loca- 
tion to the foot of Kaighn Avenue, which 
was done, and extensive improvements were 
made in filling up the low ground almost to 
the present western limits and at the foot of 
the avenue. James Tuttle was made super- 
intendent of the company, and was succeeded 
by Joseph M. Cooper. The steam ferry- 



374 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



boat, " Stephen Girard," a swift, stanch 
boat, was built and run in connection with 
the " William Champion." The best facilities 
attainable were secured, but the company 
overtaxed its financial strength, and in 1858, 
Henry B. Wilson took charge of and man- 
aged the ferry in the interests of Samuel M. 
Merritt, trustees of the second mortgage 
bondholders. In 1862 Zophar C. Howell, 
William Griffith, Charles Kaighn, John D. 
Jones, Joseph Iszard, John Cooper, James 
C. Finn, Henry E. Wilson, Abraham Brown- 
ing and others, as the Kaighns Point and 
Philadelphia Ferry Company, incorporated 
March 15, 1859 (Z. C. Howell, president, 
and H. B. Wilson, secretary), secured the 
])roperty, with William Griffith, superintend- 
ent. 

The " Rebecca Howell " and " Agnes," 
wooden boats, were built. The " Rebecca 
Howell " was in service until 1876, and the 
" Agnes " has a present prospect of several 
years of usefulness. In September, 18 73, Gen- 
eral John S. Schultze, president of the Man- 
chester Railroad, organized in 1869, having 
secured the right of way, with the design of 
making Kaighns Point a terminus, purchased 
a controlling interest in the ferry company, 
and October 17, 1873, Charles B. Coles was 
made superintendent. The railroad scheme 
failed to mature, but August 1, 1874, Her- 
bert C. Felton, secretary and treasurer, be- 
came the superintendent, and the ferry be- 
came an assured success. 

In 1875 the " General J. S. Schultze," 
and in 1883 the "Colorado," both large and 
powerful iron boats, were built, the former by 
John H. Dialogue, and with the " Agnes," 
providing sure and frecpient means for cross- 
ing the river, making trips at intervals of 
fifteen minutes until late in the evening, and 
half-hour trips later. 

In 1880 the company removed the old 
ferry-houses at Kaighns Point, replacing 
them with a structure more in accordance 
with the largely-increased business, and in 



1885 the process was repeatoil at the Phila- 
delphia terminus. 

With the opening of Kaighn Avenue, 
east of Haddon Avenue, the travel at 
Kaighns Point will increase. The officers 
of the company at present (1886) are the fol- 
lowing: Directors, Z. C. Howell, (president), 
John S. Schultze, Wm. Griffith, John Cooper, 
Benj. D. Shreeve, Z. R. Wills, William R. 
Schultz ; Herbert C. Felton, secretary, treas- 
urer and superintendent. 

The West Jersey, familiarly known as 
" The Market Street Ferry," extends from 
Market Street, Camden, to Market Street, 
Philadelphia, and is now, and has long been, 
one of the leading lines of transportation 
across the Delaware between the two cities. 
This ferry was established about 1800 by 
Abraham Browning, Sr., an intelligent and 
enterprising farmer of the territory now em- 
braced in Stockton township. His father- 
in-law, George Genge, at that time had a 
board-yard at the foot of the street. Abra- 
ham Browning built a ferry-house on the 
south side of Market Street, on the site of 
the large stoi'e building of Taylor Brothers, 
on the corner of Market Street and Second. 
He also put up stables for the reception of 
horses and vehicles, as the boats at that time 
used on this ferry, as on all others on the 
Delaware, were small row-boats or wherries, 
and of insufficient size and capacity for the 
conveyance of market teams. Sails were 
used to propel the wherries when the wind 
was fair, and in the absence of wind, oars 
were applied ; l)ut if tiie winds were adverse 
and strong, the boats awaited until the Fates 
were more propitious. Farmers usually un- 
loaded their produce and left their teams on 
the east side of the river, while they went to 
market or attended toother business in Phila- 
delphia. Abraham Browning improved the 
accommodations ibr landing by adding suf- 
ficient wharfing. The original place of land- 
ing of his boats at the times of high tide, 
however, was near the site of his ferry- 



NAVICrATION AND SHIP-BUILDING. 



375 



house, a longdistance inland from the present 
landing-place, all the land intervening being 
" made ground," in the language of the com- 
mon populace. When he completed the 
erection of his ferry-house, Mr. Browning 
moved from his farm into it, and operated 
his ferry for about one year. Disliking the 
business, he had either as lessees or superin- 
tendents various parties, among whom were 
James Springer, Peter Farrovv, Benjamin 
Springer, Wm. S. Paul and Edward Brown- 
ing. He continued to be the owner of this 
ferry until the time of his death, in 183(5. 
It then pa.ssed into the po.ssession of hi.s 
heirs, who conducted it as their property until 
1849. It was long known as the " Brown- 
ing Ferry." In 1849 a charter was obtained, 
as is evidenced by the following : 

" Whereas, Abraham Browning, Maurice Brown- 
ing, Charles Browning, Edward Browning, Eleanor 
Browning and Catliarine Browning now own tlie 
ferries between Market Street, in the city of Cam- 
den, and the city of Philadelphia, with the real 
estate, boats, ships and appendages belonging there- 
to, which property not being in its nature suscep- 
ble of division without great prejudice, and liable 
to embarrassment or inconvenience by death or 
other misfortune while thus jointly held, the said 
owners desire to be incorporated, that they may, 
with greater security to themselves and advantage 
to the. public, improve said ferries." 

The name was the West Jersey Ferry 
Company, and Abraham Genge, Maurice, 
Charles and Edward Browning were made 
directors by the act, to serve assuch until Oc- 
tober following, when others were to be 
elected and the number of directors increased 
to nine. This was the second of the ferries to 
pass into the hands of an incorporated com- 
pany, the Federal Street Ferry having passed 
into the hands of the Camden and Philadel- 
phia Ferry Company' nine years before and 
the Kaighns Point Ferry to the South Cam- 
den Ferry Company three years later. 

The presidents of the company have been 
Joseph Porter, William Clark and James B. 
Dayton ; secretaries and treasurers, Edward 



Browning, Isaac Porter, Amos Rudderow. 
Benjamin Sutton, was the first superintendent, 
taking charge in 1849, followed by Daniel 
Bishop, and in 1852 by Wm. Morrell, who re- 
mained until January, 1857, when John G. 
Hutchinson, who had been master-mechanic, 
was appointed and has since continuously 
held the position. 

When James Springer conducted the Ferry, 
in 1809, the boats landed within a short 
distance of the hotel on Front Street, but 
when the Browning heirs took charge, thirty 
years later, the shore was moved westward 
by wharfing, extending the slips and filling 
up the low ground until the site of the ter- 
minus of the old ferry is many hundred 
feet inland, and the timbers of the " Mar- 
iner," " William Penn " and " Southwark " 
lie buried under Delaware Street, where they 
were moored when no longer serviceable. 

In 1849 the company built the West Jer- 
sey Hotel, a large, handsome building, of 
which Israel English sometime afterwards 
took and retained charge until his death. 

When the company was incorporated there 
were three boats connected with the ferry, — 
" Farmer," " Southwark " and " William 
Penn." The first two were replaced that 
year by the " Mariner " and the " Merchant," 
much larger boats. The " William Penn " 
was rebuilt in 1857. The "Mechanic " was 
built in 185G by John Bender. The " Amer- 
ica" was built in 1867. The next boat was 
the "Columbia," an iron boat, built in 1877, 
with iron wheel-houses, gallies, frames and 
engine-house, the first ferry-boat on this river 
so completely fire-proof. The " Arctic," in 
1879, and "Baltic" in 1884, followed. 
These are almost twin boats, with improve- 
ments upon the " Columbia " and larger, the 
dimensions of the " Baltic " being : Length 
of keel, one hundred and forty-five feet ; of 
deck, one hundred and fifty-seven feet ; beam, 
thirty feet ; over all, fifty-four feet ; with en- 
gines of forty-inch cylinder and ten feet 
stroke. They are all powerful boats and 



376 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



crunch ice of formidable tliickness. Tiiere 
has been no mishap causing loss of life on 
this ferry since its establishment. In 1883 
the Pennsylvania Railroad Company bought 
a majority of the stock and that corporation 
now controls the ferry. James B. Dayton 
was president for many years. The present 
board of directors is composed of Edmund 
Smith, president ; William J. Sewell, Wilbur 
F. Rose, Wistar Morris, Maurice Browning, 
Peter L. Voorhees, John F. Starr, Edward 
Roberts, Henry D. Welsh. John F. Joline 
is secretary and ti-easurer, and John G. Hut- 
chinson is superintendent. 

The Gloucester Ferries. — -The first 
ferry established at Gloucester Point was 
under a license granted to John Reading, 
in June, 1695. Boats were to ply between 
Gloucester and " Wickaco " (now Swedes' 
Church), Philadelphia. The ferry was con- 
ducted by him until 1707, when he sold to 
John Spey, who also kejit a tavern. Spey 
sold the ferry, in 1 722, to Josepii Hugg, who 
conducted it for eight years and sold to Rich- 
ard Weldon, who, in 1735, sold to John Ladd. 

The distance from Gloucester to Philadel- 
phia was so great, and Cooper's Ferries so 
much nearer, that the ferries at Gloucester 
became, for a time, of minor importance. 
John Reading about the year 1 693, established 
a ferry over Gloucester River (Timber 
Creek), but it was little used, and a bridge 
was built over that stream at a later day. 
The first ferry to Wickaco was continued and 
again came into the possession of the Huggs, 
who also conducted the Ferry tavern. 

Leaving the intervening events to obliv- 
ion, and coming down to matters within the 
memory of the living (seventy years ago), 
Robert Wharton, one time mayor of Phila- 
delphia, is found running a ferry between 
the Broad Seal and Keystone States, the 
western landing being at Greenwich Point of 
to-day, and the eastern landing at the " Old 
Brick," the only hotel then in Gloucester. 

The boats used by " Mavor" Wharton, as 



the people called him, and by his son-in-law, 
Samuel Shoemaker, who succeeded him, were 
flats, propelled by horses, — in some cases 
walking in a circle, turning a windlass; in 
others, walking in a tread-mill. One of the 
latter, arranged for six horses, was deemed a 
wonder in its way, but a " northwester" was 
sufficient to keep it in the dock until the 
wind abated. No regular trips were made. 
When a boat was landed on the Pennsylvania 
shore the men would throw themselves on 
the grass, in the shade, until a return load 
would come along, or the tolling of the bell, 
on the other side, notified them of a fare 
waiting to cross. 

In 1835 Shoemaker became financially em- 
barrassed, and the ferry, with many acres of 
land — a hundred or more — was bought by 
Robert Wharton Sykes, a Philadelphiau 
lawyer, nephew of Mayor Wharton, for five 
thousand dollars. This land, with its im- 
provements, is now worth a million, while 
the ferry property alone could hardly be pur- 
chased for one fourth of that sum. 

Sykes was the first to use steam here, but not 
at once. The following notice, posted on the 
boats in 1837, explains the character of the 
accommodations : 

" NOTICE. 

" No .smoking. No smoking of cigars or tobacco 
is allowed on this boat, as, from the size and con- 
struction of the boat, it is impossible to assign any 
distinct part for smoking." 

Sykes built the steamboats " Robert Whar- 
ton " and " New Jersey," the latter made 
memorable in 1856, twenty years afterwards, 
when she was destroyed by fire, losing sixty 
of her passengers, while making a trip from 
Philadelphia to CauKlen, the Camden and 
Philadelphia Ferry Company having pur- 
chased the boat from Captain T^oper, who 
found her too small for the Gloucester 
business. 

Until 1845 the boats only ran to Green- 
wich Point, excepting on Sundays, when 
trips were made to l'liiladcl|iliia ; but about 



NAVIGATION AND SHIP-BUILDING. 



37 



that time, or a little later, Captain Richard 
F. Loper, of propeller fame, obtained con- 
trol of the ferry, on terms requii'iug boats to 
run to Greenwich Point, which not being 
done as stipulated, led to opposition between 
the two, Loper's boats running to Almond 
Street, Philadelphia. The number of passen- 
gers rapidly increased, requiring larger 
boats, and, in 1846, the "Stockton" was 
built; in 1847, the "Fashion;" in 1848, the 
" Peytona " and the " Eclipse," named after 
celebrated race-horses of the time, and re- 
sembling thera only in name. Among the 
captains and pilots of these years were Peter 
Bender and George Bender, now filling like 
positions on the Kaighns Point Ferry. Alex- 
ander A. Powell, the oldest living native of 
Gloucester, piloted the " New Jersey " at one 
time. Captains Manley Smallwood and 
Andrew Midler were noted men under Shoe- 
maker and Sykes. The latter is still enjoy- 
ing a green old age, near Blackwood, living 
on a well-earned competence. 

In 1850 the Philadelphia Ferry Company 
was incorporated to run a ferry from Glou- 
cester Point. William ]M. Baird an<l Benja- 
min F. McMurtrie werei associated with 
Loper as the company, McMurtrie being 
superintendent, and the ferry was removed 
to its present site. This company managed 
the ferrj' for a time, when it was leased to 
Charles Stewai't, and subsequently the com- 
pany was Stewart & Shaler. The " Curlew" 
and " Eagle " were added to the fleet, and 
still their capacity was unequal to the crowds 
that flocked to Gloucester Point. Loper, to 
secure himself from loss, was compelled to 
resume control, and in 1863 Wilmon Whill- 
din, the noted river steamboat man, became 
associated with him. In 1865 Loper sold 
out to A. Heckman, who had been his right- 
hand man from the first. Whilldin and 
Heckman ran the ferry until the death of 
the former, in 1869, when his son-in-law, 
William M. Fa rr, succeeded to his share, and 
since that time Farr and Heckman have been 



sole owners, with Captain Heckman as su- 
perintendent and Frank B. Hcckinaii assist- 
ant. 

The travel to Gloucester Point had largely 
increased and for twenty years had been of 
enormous proportions, taxing to the utmost 
the carrying capacity of the boats. A better 
class of accommodations were provided in 
the way of commodious sitting-rooms at the 
termini. Two large boats — the " Fulton " 
and " Exchange" — were put on, and two of 
the most spacious ferry-boats on the river were 
built— the "Peerless" in 1872 and the 
"Dauntless" in 1876. These boats having 
a capacity for carrying from fifteen imn- 
dred to two thousand persons, are crowded at 
times, but all are secure and comfortable. 
Among the names familiar to the ferries are 
Samuel Tatcm, superintendent, with Sykes 
in the " forties " and with Whilldin twenty 
years later, and a member of Assembly in 
1864 ; Edmund Hotfman, many years col- 
lector at the ferry, three times president of 
City Council and a member of Assembly in 
1858; John Gourley, a well-known ferry- 
man, was a member of City Council and did 
much to promote the Ijuilding of the water- 
works by the city. 

In 1852 Captain William Albertson, 
backed by David S. Brown, started an oppo- 
sition boat to Philadelphia, using the steamer 
" Kent " for the purpose, and the next year 
the " Suu " was added. Ex-Mayor William 
H. Banks was captain of the " Kent," 
which was burned and the opposition ended. 

Philadelphia and Camden Bridge 
CoMi'ANV. — A second effort was made to 
build a bridge across the Delaware River in 
1869, and on the 9th of March in that year 
an act was passed by the Legislature of New 
.lersey, by wh ich a company was incorporated 
and authorized to raise stock of two million 
dollars. The bridge was to be not less thati 
thirty feet in width. On tiic 5th of March, 
1872, the time allowed for beginning the 
bridge was extended two years and for com- 



380 



HLSTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



which provided for the laying out of a road 
from Timber Creek over Newton Creek, near 
it^ mouth to Coopers' Ferries, authority 
was granted to erect a toll bridge over New- 
ton Creek. It was soon after erected, and 
June 24, 1767, the county of Gloucester 
conveyed the bridge and its rights to William 
Garrard, and his heirs and assigns, with 
power to build a house within the bounds of 
the road, for more convenience in receiving 
toll' 

In 1813 the freeholders of .the county were 
authorized to pun^hase the bridge ; the act 
was amended in 1815 and the bridge soon 
after purchased, since which time it has been 
free. 

The first bridge over Coopers Creek was 
undoubtedly constructed on the Kings High- 
way, near Haddonfield, under action of the 
grand jury on the complaint made to them, in 
1687, of lack of sufficient bridges on that 
road. In 1769 Jacob Clement was employed 
by the township of Newton to repair this 
bridge. The present stone bridge was erected 
in 1845. 

On the 28th of November, 1760, an act 
of Legislature was passed authorizing the 
laying out of a more direct road to Burling- 
ton, and the erection of a bridge over Coopers 
Creek "at the place commonly called Spicers 
Ferry, of sufficient height above high water 
to allow such boats as usually ply the creek 
to pass under loaded or unloaded without 
their masts." The act appointed as commis- 
sioners to attend to its erection William Fos- 
ter, Joshua Bispham, Esquires, Edmund 
Hollinshead, John Atkinson, John Hoskins, 
Joseph Morgan, John Lippincott, John Cox, 
Daniel Cooper and Benjamin Cooper, Jr. 
The act also provided that the owners of 

■ Garrard was keejiing a ferry at some place within 
the limits of Gloucester County in 1733, as in that year 
he was taxed on a ferry seven shillings. Tatems, Tay- 
lors and Medcalfs I'uiries were also taxed in that year. 
Medcalfs Ferry was at Gloucester, and it is probable 
that the others were then keeping the Cooper Terries, as 
the names of the Coopers do not appear i:i the list. 



the ferries should pay twenty per cent, of the 
amount needed, that voluntary subscription 
should be received for six months. The 
people residing between the Salem road and 
the Delaware River, in Waterford township, 
and upon Coopers Ferries should pay by tax 
sixteen per cent, of the amount required, 
after which the balance of the amount was 
to be assessed upon Burlington County, ex- 
cept the townships of Egg Harbor and Not- 
tingham. The road was straightened, and 
in 1762 the bridge was completed. It was 
kept in repair, and in 1833 was rebuilt as a 
truss bridge. 

On January 19, 1748, an act was passed 
allowing the inhabitants to build a bridge 
over Pensaukin Creek, probably on what is 
now the Westfield and Camden turnpike, 
but it was not then built. A bridge was 
probably erected there, not far from 17()4, 
when the Spicer Bridge was erected, but no 
account of it has been obtained. The bridge 
over the Pensaukin on the river road was 
erected in 1883. 

On the 7th of March, 1850, the Board of 
Freeholders of Camden County were author- 
ized to erect the bridge known as the 
Browning Bridge. It seems not to have 
been built at the time, as an act passed the 
Legislature, January 25, 1855, authorizing 
the erection of a bridge at the same place, 
where was "a new road recently laid out," 
to connect the Moorestown and the Haddon- 
field and Camden turnpikes. The bridge 
was built soon after. 

The State Street Bridge, in Camden, was 
built in 1856, under an act passed March 6th 
in that year, which required that the bridge 
should be provided with a draw forty feet 
long. 

Navigatio.v of Coopers Creek. — This 
creek, like other streams, was used as a high- 
way in theeariy settlement, and as early as 1 749 
boats and flats were deemed of sufficient im- 
portance to render them liable for taxation, 
and from tliat year they were taxed, lioats 



NAVIGATION AND SHIP-BUILDING. 



381 



loaded with produce from the various hmding.s 
along the stream were floated down to the 
town of Philadelphia and loaded with 
merchandise for return trip. That vessels of 
considerable size were in use with masts 
before 1751 is evident, as the act of Legis- 
lature passed October 'I'M in that year pro- 
vided for a draw or swinging bridge. It 
was not built at the time, and an act having 
the same purpose, pas.sed November 28, 1760, 
provided that a bridge at Spicers Ferry be 
built high enough to allow all boats that 
usually ply the stream to pass under. Boats 
were built at all landings up the stream as 
high as Oxfords Lauding, having capacity of 
forty-five tons and less. In later years the 
landings along the creek, from Jonathan 
Atniores Landing, which was the head of nav- 
igation, were those of Benjamin ]i. CoojM'r, 
Phi lip Stoy, Josiah E. Cole, Jac( ib Troth, John 
Tanzey and Champions to Spicers Bridge. 
."Vbout 1837 Josiah Cole built at Coles Laud- 
ing tlie " Caroline," a ve.ssel of forty-five 
tons burden, which in 1839 ^^as sent by him, 
in charge of his son, Jacob Stokes Cole, to 
Port Clinton, on the Schuylkill, for a load 
I if coal ; forty tons were purchased and 
iirought to the landing. It was the first 
coal brought to the place in (juautity arid 
retailed at seven dollars per ton. 

Many of the vessels built on the stream 
were later, when rendered useless, sunk at C)r 
near the landings, and u.sed to extend the 
wharves, and their hulks are still to be seen at 
the old landings along the stream. Coopers 
Creek at present is navigable only for flat- 
boats and vessels of light draft. 

Ship-Building. — Gabriel Thomas, in his 
" Hi.story of West Jersey," speaks of a ship 
having been built upon Gloucester River 
(Timber Creek) for Governor Cox, and his 
language is such as to indicate that this was 
a sea-going vessel of a size that must have 
been turned out from a principal yard of the 
old country. It is a natui'al sM])position, 
liirrcforc, lli;i( tiic first luiglish .sclliors, wiio 



iHimbered several shipwriglit.s, built other 
large craft, for they would not have gone to 
the expense of providing the costly appur- 
tenances of shiu-building merely to send out 
one vessel ; but to Thomas alone can we turn 
fi)r any record of their work, and he took 
note of nothing but the craft (constructed for 
the (Jovernor. After the founding of Phila- 
delphia, with its superior advantages of popu- 
lation, skilled industry and capital, the busi- 
ness inevitably passed over to that side of 
the river, wliere Jersey artisans, in this 
special line, went to find employment. It is 
within the past (juarter of a century that 
ship-building has originated in (Jamden, but 
it now contains yards that are putting afloat 
ves.sels which are a credit to their designers 
and builders. 

Sloops and vessels of from t^'enty to forty- 
five tons burden were in use on Coopers Creek 
long before 1800, but they were probably 
built in Philadel^jhia, and in later years, 
from 1800 to 1840, were built at the mouth 
of the creek and on the creek as far up as 
Coles Landing. The " Lady Adams," a sloop 
owned by Captain J. H. Dougherty, was re- 
ported in the American Record for 1882 as 
l>uilt at Coopers Point in 1828, by whom is 
not known. 

Burton & Davis were the earliest ship- 
builders at Coopers Point of whom any- 
thing definite is now known. They also had a 
marine railway. Their yard was near the 
Vine Street Ferry. Macy Mathis also had 
a ship-yard at the foot of York Street in 1852. 
In that year David Corson, with his brothers, 
Andrew and George, ship-builders at Mill- 
ville, came to Camden and opened a yard 
that then extended nearly from Shackamaxon 
Ferry to the rolling-mill. He remained 
in the business until 1868, when he sold 
to Bartlett & Tilton. It later became D. 
S. Risley & Co., and is now carried on by 
S. W. Tilton. Jo.seph Taylor and his son 
David early began a ship-yard below the old 
.McKeoii mill, iieai- the foul of i'cnii Street, 



382 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



where they also had a railway. Later, David 
Taylor and a gentleman by the name of Brown 
started a ship-yard on tiie site of Morris & 
Matiiis' present yard. About 1(S55 Chalkley 
Mathis became interested with David Taylor 
and they continued until 1877, when they 
were succeeded by Morris & Mathis. Joseijh 
Day and his son Benjamin also opened a yard 
for building and repairing vessels on the east 
end of Tilton's present yard. The business 
passed through the following changes : Tice 
& Carter, Day, Carter & Day, Day & Carter, 
Carter & Peale, Shoe, Chard & Chard. The 
latter, in 1855, .sold to S. W. Tilton, who 
embraced it in his old yard. 

In 1853 John Mattox began building 
vessels, and in time was a partner of D. S. 
Risley ct Co. At Kaighns Point John Kaighn 
built small vessels. 

In 1845 John R. Thompson established a 
ship-yard on the river-front above Kaighns 
Point, and for a time did an extensive busi- 
ness in the construction of wooden vessels, 
launching as many as seven in a season, 
i-anging in size from sixty to three hundred 
tons; and during the ten years of its exist- 
ence over forty vessels were built in the 
yard; sloops, schooners, barques and tarns. 
The proprietor was an enterprising man and 
active in the municipal affairs of Camden. 
He was chosen president of the City Council 
in 1863, which honor was repeated in 1864 by 
a unanimous vote. He was born near Stoys 
Landing, on Coopers Creek, in Waterford 
(now Delaware) township, in 1816, and came 
to Camden in 18.'>6. 

Tilton's sliip-yard comprises four acres of 
ground, bounded by Front, Point and Erie 
Streets, Coopers Point, and is the senior es- 
tablishment of the kind in continuous exist- 
ence in the city. It was begun by Corson & 
Co., from whom it was purchased, in 1 860, by 
Samuel W. Tilton, who much enlarged it, 
adding two marine railways to the single one 
with which it was furnished when he took 
possession. A vessel of tliiiteun hundred tons 



Imrden can be constructed in these yards, 
and several of that size have been sent oat 
from them. Mr. Tilton builds mainly for 
the coasting trade, with which he has exten- 
sive connections along the Atlantic seaboard. 
The usual force of employees is about one 
hundred. 

One of the principal ship-building firms 
in Camden is that of Morris & Mathis, whose 
yards are at the corner of Point and Erie 
Streets, Coopers Point. The business was 
begun in 1855 by Taylor & Mathi.s, who 
sold out in 1877 to Jo.sepli J. Morris and J. 
S. Mathis. The yards and houses cover threi- 
acres of ground, and are fully equipped for 
the con.struction of sailing vessels of any size 
from a .sloop up to a shijD of one thousand 
tons. Most of the work of the firm has been 
done in coasters, and they have quite recently 
built a three-masted schooner of seven hun- 
dred and fifty tons, a type of craft in the con- 
.struction of which they have been very suc- 
cessful, and have also repaired the ferry-boat 
" Shackamaxon " for the Vine Street Ferry. 
They employ from seventy-five to one lum- 
dred workmen, and the pay-roll averages fif- 
teen hundred dollars weekly. 

B. G. Hillman & Co. established a ship- 
yard in 1880 at Coopers Point, between 
Front and Second Street. They build tugs, 
as well as wooden vessels, for the river and 
coastwise trade, and employ a numerous force 
of workmen. They constructed for Warner 
et Merritt, to be used in llie fruit trade, the 
steamer " Ethel," which the Haytien gov- 
ernment bought and ttn-ned into a gunboat, 
and which has since figured conspicuously in 
the almost unceasing revolutions and civil 
wars of tlie Black Republic. 

J. Vanaman & Brother have their ship- 
yard on Delaware Avenue above Arch Street. 
The business was established in 1880 by John 
L. Vanaman, his brother Joseph H. Vana- 
man, and Mr. IJurton, as the firm of Vana- 
man & Burton. 

In 1882 Mr. Iliii-tun willidri'w from (lie 



NAVIGATION AND SHIP-BUILDINMJ. 



383 



Hnu ;iii(l i)avi(l V;uiaiii;in, the I'atlier of the 
N'anamaii brothers, became associated with 
them under the name of D. Vanaman & 
Sons. lu March, 1884, the business came 
into the hands of the brothers by tlie with- 
drawal of the father, since whicii time the 
business has been conducted under the pre- 
sent name, Vanaman & Brother. The yard 
has one hundred feet front by six hundred 
feet deep to the riparian line. Tiie dry dock- 
is one hundred and fifteen feet long by thirty 
feet wide. With ample appliances, the yartl 
is fitted for the construction and repair of tiie 
various kind of vessels for river and coast 
trade. Thirty, workmen are employed. 

Joseph Burk's ship-yard is at the foot of 
Cooper Street and it has been in operation 
since 1880, when it was started by the pre- 
sent proprietor. The yard occupies an 
area of one iiundred and sixty by five hun- 
dred feet, and extends to low water mark. 
The docks are convenient, and the yard is 
eijuipped with the neces.sary appliances for 
building and repairing vessels engaged in the 
river and coasting trade. Forty \vorkmen 
are employed. 

Dialogue's Siiip-Yaeps. — John H. Dia- 
logue, the proprietor of the extensive ship- 
yards in South Camden, began business in the 
city of Camden in J 850,' at Second Street 
and Bridge Avenue, on the premises pre- 
viously occupied by J. W. & John F. Starr. 
He was first engaged in doing general repair 
work of locomotives for the Caradeu and Am- 
l)oy Railroad Company, also the steamers of 
tiie Camden and Philadelphia and West Jer- 
sey Ferry Companies. At that time the 
railroad company had their shops at Borden- 
town,and Mr. Dialogue did the work at this 
end of the line, thus giving employment to 
about one hundred men. In 1854 he moved 
to the southwest corner of Second and Stevens 
Streets, liaving purchased the foundry then 
owned by Elias Kaighn at that point, to 
which he made large additions, and there 
continued to do iieneral machine-work :uid 



tiie repairing of river steamers. A<l(litions 
were made to the works, a large supply of 
new machinery was obtained, and in ISoO 
the construction of tiie celebrated Corliss 
stationary engines was begun by Mr. Dia- 
logue under a license from tlie inventor, 
George H. Corliss, of Providence, liliode 
Island. In l<S.i8 he began the erection of 
the present large works at Kaighns Point, 
and after their completion, in 1850, removed 
to them, and." with enlarged facilities, con- 
tinned the manufacture of Corliss engines 
and did some marine work. In 1870 the 
name of the establishment was changed to 
tlie River Iron Works, with Dialogue A' 
W Dod as proprietors, who then engaged in 
the iron ship-building business. In 1871 
the United States steamship "Colfax" was 
built at these works. This was one of the 
first iron vessels which the Revenue Marine 
Department of the government had ordered. 
Tiie same year Mr. Dialogue constructed for 
the United States Coast Survey the iron 
steamer " Hassler," with a compound surface 
condensing engine, which was used for the 
]nirpose of taking Professor Louis Agassiz, 
the great American naturalist, on his South 
American Scientific Expedition, and fi'om 
thence to San Francisco, where the vessel is 
now in service. In 187."j he built the large 
iron double-engine steamer for the city of 
Philadelphia, styled " No. .'>," used for break- 
ing the ice on the Delaware. It was then 
the most powerful steamboat that had been 
built on the Delaware River. Continuing the 
construction of large and small river craft, 
both of wood and iron, in 1874 he built the 
first compound-engine tug-boat, named the 
"George W. Chi Ids," that ever was success- 
tully used on the Delaware, and then added 
the building of compound engines at his 
works as a leading branch of his business. 
In 1876 Mr. Dialogue received the contract 
from the government to reconstruct the 
United States frigate "Constitution," familiar 
to the annals of American historv, and in 



384 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY. NEW JERSEY. 



1884 t)iiilt tlie United States steamer '' Mad- 
rono " for tlie Light-House Board, for ser- 
vice at San Francisco. In the mean time he 
built a number of smaller ves.sels, mostly of 
iron, for Mexico, South America and various 
cities of the Union. His build of vessels may 
be seen in the harbors of Galveston, New 
Orleans, Mobile, Pensacola, Charleston, Bal- 
timore, Philadelphia, New York, Boston and 
Portland. 

The number of men emjjloyed at these 
works varies from two hundred to eight 
hundred. The entire area of the ship-yards 
is thirty-four acres, with two thousand feet 
of river-front and twenty-eight feet depth of 
water at the wharf. The large business here 
done required the erection of costly buildings, 
wharfing and filling in of the river-front, 
together with the outlay of many thousands 
of dollars in the purchase of machinery. 
The various departments are the main build- 
ing, used as the engine machine shop and 
boiler works, four hundred and fifty feet in 
length ; the foundry, eighty-four by one 
hundred feet ; the steam forge, one hundred 
by sixty feet ; the iron ship yard shojj, two 
hundred and sixty by fifty feet (destroyed by 
the cyclone in 1885 and the same year re- 
built) ; the joiner shoj), sixty by forty-five 
feet, and two stories high ; pattern shop, sixty 
by thirty-five feet, and two stories high ; the 
mould loft building, one hundred and sixty 
by forty feet, and two stoi'ies high ; and the 
office, forty feet square. 

John H. Dialogue, the originator and pro- 
prietor of so valuable an industiy to the city 
of Camden, was born in Philadelphia May 
13, 1828, and is of French-German ances- 
try. His father, Adam Dialogue, was the 
inventor and first manufacturer of the leath- 
er-riveted hose used for extinguishing fires. 
He had his factory in North Street, between 
Fifth and Sixth, Philadelphia, and there did 
a flourishing business until his death, in 
1840, when it was continued by a brother. 
The son, John II. nialoffue, who lost his 



mother when he was eight ^X'ars old and his 
fiither when but twelve, lived ufterwanl with 
his uncle. He attended the Central High 
School of Philadelphia, then held in a build- 
ing on the site of John Wanamaker's large 
store on Market Street, under the principal- 
ship of the learned educator, Alexander Dal- 
las Bache, and was graduated in 1846, after 
pursuing a four years' course. Having then 
obtained a good education, he learned the 
trade of a machinist with his uncle. During 
the spare hours of the evening he educated 
himself as a draughtsman, and in 1850, when 
but twenty-two years old, moved to Camden 
and then began his prosperous business ca- 
reer. Mr. Dialogue is a gentleman of plain 
and unassuming manners, and social in his 
relations with his fellow-men, and careful and 
thorough in his business relation. He won 
his success by his own inherent energy, close 
application and undaunted perseverance. Be- 
ing a ship-builder and the proprietor of one 
of the four largest ship-building establish- 
ments in America engaged in the construc- 
tion of iron ships, and the only one in the 
State of New Jersey, he has made the subject 
of American commerce and our ship-building 
interests a careful study. He has broad and 
liberal views on national questions, is ojjposed 
to free ships and free trade, but persistent in 
advocating the American policy of protection, 
and at this time, when foreign powers are 
largely in possession of the carrying trade, is 
firm iu the opposition to the free ship policy 
of some of our American statesmen. 

During his long residence in Camden, Mr. 
Dialogue has always manifested a great inter- 
est iu the growth and development of the 
city and has fre(|ueutly been elected to offi- 
cial positions. In 1875 he was elected a 
member of the Board of Education from the 
Sixth Ward of Camden, and was twice re- 
elected, serving three consecutive terms of 
two yeiu's each. While a member of that 
body he showed great practical forethought 
by advocating the erection of two-story 



I 



^ 



<^ 4II\ 



A 



^; 



^n^ 





/ 



Wu^Mz.^tim.cjO 



AGRIL'ULTi;ilK. 



385 



l)uil(lini«s for school piir|ifiscs iiistoiul oi'liigh- 
er ones, and was cliairnian of a coinniittce 
while superintending the erection of three 
sufh buildings. In 1878, while yet a nieni- 
her of the Board of Education, he was elect- 
ed to the City Council, was re-elected in 
1881 and 1884, and, during the year 188:^,, 
was president of that body. In every posi- 
tion he thus filled he has been an energetic ad- 
vocate of all laudable and economical meas- 
ures. 

In politics he is a Democrat, and in 1880 
was chosen by the Democratic party one of 
the electors-at-large on tlie Hancock and 
English Presidential ticket, and at the meet- 
ing iu Trenton he was chosen president of 
the Electoral College. In 1881 he was nomi- 
nated as the Democratic candidate for State 
Senator for the Camden County District, 
which, though largely Republican, gave him 
an encouraging vote. Mr. Dialogue was 
married, in the year 1850, to jNIary Easby, of 
Philadelphia, who died in 1882. He has 
one son — John H. — engaged with his father 
in business, and three daughters — Adelaide, 
Stella and Lillie. 

Port of Camden. — The Port of Camden 
was established in 18;!4 and was attached 
to the Eridgeton Collection District, with a 
surveyor residing at Camden. Morris ( -rox- 
all, the lawyer, and afterwards prosecutor of 
the pleas, was the first surveyor, and had 
his office on Arch Street, above Second. He 
held the j)osition but a year, when he was 
succeeded by Isaac Bullock, the noted school- 
teacher, who filled a term of four years, 
when Morris Croxall was again appointed 
and acted for two years. Philip J. Grey, the 
journalist, was made surveyor under Presi- 
dent Harrison, attending to the duties in the 
office of his paper, the West Jersei/man, but 
only for two years, when he was succeeded by 
Charles S. Garrett, afterwards sheriff He 
was a harness-maker and the surveyor's of- 
fice was at his store, on Federal Street, be- 
low Second. 



Philip J. Grey was again nuule surveyor 
of the j)ort, under President Taylor, for foiir 
years, Isaac W. Mickle, the ilexican A\'ar 
veteran, being his successor, and the oflice, 
lor a portion of his five years' service, was 
iu the Ciiindrn Democrat office. Thomas 
I>. Atkinson, the builder, who was after- 
wards mayor, was appointed in 1858, and 
held the office until S^dvester Bird.sell was 
appointed, in 18(31, by Prcsid(>nt Ijincolii, 
and located the office at I'ourth and W abiul 
Streets. 

In 1867 Camden was taken from the 
Bridgeton District and attached to the Phila- 
delphia District, with Philip J. Grey as as- 
sistant collector. He held the position until 
his death, in 187"), when William P. Robe- 
son, brother of Hon. George il. Robeson, 
then Secretary of the Navy, was appointed, 
and, upon his death, in 1881, David S. 
Heyl succeeded. Hon. George D. Borton, 
the present incumbent, received his commis- 
sion in 1886. The office, i'or many years, 
has been at 211 J Market Street. 

These have been surveyors of the port, — 

1834. Morris Croxall. 1849. Philip J. Grey. 

1835. Isaac Bullock. 1853. Isaac W. Miclilc. 
1839. Morris Croxall. 1858. T. B. .\tkin.soii. 
1841. Philip J. Grey. 18(!1. Sylv. Birdsell. 
1843. Chas. S. Garrett. 

ASSISTANT COLI.r.CTORS. 

18(57. Philip J. Grey. 1881. David S. Heyl. 

1875. W. B. Robeson. 18S(). Geo. B. Borton. 

The last two incund:)ents are the only sur- 
vivors. 



CHAPTER XX 



AGRTCtjr;n"RE. 



Agriculture, as understood and practiced 
by the old folks hereabouts, woidd, in the 
present time of progress and improvement, 
be looked upon as one of the lost arts. Ro- 
tation iu crops was the rule, that being rye 
and corn and corn and rye. When the 



386 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



•strt'iigtli of the soil was nearly exhausted by 
many crops, another field would be cleared of 
the timber and on it the same rotation re- 
peated. The farmer who planted more than 
half an acre of potatoes or raised more than 
a small patch of cabbage was sure one-half 
his crop would go to waste. Meadow land 
was depended on for hay and the swamps 
looked to for pasture. Shelter and warmth 
were not thought of for stock and the cattle 
were dwarfed, poor and breachy. In " good 
old times " farmers had much leisure and the 
winters were spent iu fox-hunting, sleigh- 
liding and visiting friends. The spring 
(U'ops did not hurry them and for the autumn 
work they made no haste. The forest and 
streams furnished much of the food, the tim- 
ber the home supplies, and what care had 
they for the future. The use of fertilizers 
was not thought of, booic farming was a re- 
proach and the use of machinery laughed at. 

As time progressed, Philadelphia began to 
assume the jJroportions of a city and required 
increased supplies to feed its inhabitants ; 
farmers then obtained some profits coming 
out of the soil. Although the number of 
acres of tillable land was not materially in- 
creased, yet crops were made more productive 
by more care in farming and the application 
of manures to the land. The progress \vas 
slow and it was necessity or accident that in- 
duced advancement iu modes of agriculture. 

The following story will illustrate this 
statement : Anthony Warrich, a former near 
Chews Lauding, owned large tracts of timber 
laud and sent cord-wood and lumber to the 
I'hiladelphia market from his landing at the 
head of navigation on the north branch of 
Timber Creek. A brickmaker of the city, 
with whom he dealt, oflPered to load, free of 
cost, one of his vessels with wood ashes if the 
farmer would take them away from incum- 
brancing his brick yard. The farmer finally 
consented and the ashes were landed on his 
wharf, and his sons hauled this valuable 
fertilizer to a field where it was spread on 



land on wliicii corn was to be planted. The 
effect it produced on the crop was magical 
and people came from far and near to see the 
result; for as much corn was raised by that 
process on five acres thus fertilized as prev- 
iously had grown on twenty acres of the 
same kind of laud. The brick-makers, 
brewers and foundry men had no trouble 
thereafter in disposing of this heretofoi'e 
troublesoraecommodity, and, in fact, soon be- 
gan to reap a revenue from it. 

This is but one of the many traditions 
hanging about this important industry of 
early days, and fairly illustrates the hesitancy 
with which this class of men moved. Wood- 
eu plows and brush harrows, with clumsy 
and ill-contrived tools, were put in the hands 
of laborers. But little care was taken in re- 
lation to seeds, and choice fruits or vegetables 
were seldom to be seen. 

The discovery and use of marl as a fertil- 
izer certainly advanced husbandry in New- 
Jersey more than any other means of im- 
jiroving the soil. Inexpensive and simple in 
its use, it came within the reach of all. If 
spread upon the most impoverished land, 
wiiiteclover will follow Indian grass and the 
product of an ordinary pasture will be large- 
Iv increased where it is used. It is suitable 
to almost any crop and adapted to almost 
every kind of land. It needs no preparation, 
but can be taken from the j^it and applied at 
once, and when these advantages appeared, 
farmers found winter work for their men and 
teams. The immediate outlay of money is 
so small and the return so quick that the 
laud within and near the marl belt of New 
Jersey soon increased in value and product- 
iveness. 

Of later years farmers are of opinion that 
its good effect is partially lost by continued 
use and in some sections much less is applied 
than formerly. The use of stone, oyster- 
shell and gas lime has been of great advant- 
age and are extensively used as fertilizers. 
The opportunities for obtaining these have .so 



AGRICULTURE. 



387 



niiieh improved of late years that nuioligreater 
(jiiautities are used tliau formerly. Patent 
fertilizers, like patent medicines, have found 
purchasers iu all section of the country and 
many people have been defrauded thereby. 
Some are of much value, but the State Experi- 
mental Commission, which now makes a 
thttrough analysis of such articles upon the 
market, publishes quarterly reports of tiie 
same. Credulous persons will, however, be 
found iu every community and generally fall 
victims to such frauds, however mucli they 
may be cautioned against them. 

The necessity for using meadow or tide 
marsh land to procure hay is shown in the 
location of one hundred acres at the mouth 
of Little Newton Creek (Kaighn" Run) by 
the settlers at jSewton, immediately upon 
their arrival. This was divided among them, 
and ]Marcii 11, 1714, the Legislature passed 
an act to " enable the owners of the meadow- 
adjoining to the lands of Sarah ^lickle, John 
Dale, John Kaighn and Tobias Griscom, ad- 
jacent to the Delaware River in the townshij) 
of Newton, to stop the tide from overflowing." 
This act was to allow a dam, with tide sluices 
and gates, to be built at the mouth of Kaighn" 
Run, the better to protect the meadow and 
grass crop from the tide, and was the first law 
made to tiiat end in this part of New Jersey. 
The navigable streams were banked along 
the sides with tide sluices and gates at proper 
intervals, with large cppen ditches leading to 
them. 

December o, 17<iO, an act was passed to 
" enable the owners of meadow on IJttle 
Timber Creek to support a l)auk nv dam, 
lately erected across the creek in order ti) 
prevent the tide from overflowing," etc. 
March 10, 1762, an act was passed for the 
relief of meadow owners on a branch of 
Newton Creek, called Back Creek (in New- 
ton township), and June 20, 1765, an act was 
passed to allow the owners of meadows at the 
head of Newton Creek to maintain a bank 
and other water-works hcretofdre erected and 



made across tiie creek (Atmore's Dam), each 
of which laws were to protect the owners of 
meadow or grass lands. 

December 21, 1771, an act was passed to 
raise and keep the road across Newton Creek 
meadows from William Garrard's toll-house 
to Keziah Tomkius' fast lands. This was 
done on petition of Thomas Atmore, Isaac 
Burroughs, Benjamin Thackara, Jacob Stokes, 
Hannah Cooper, Keziah Tomkins, Elizabeth 
Thackara and Job Haines, who were the 
owners of meadow on the easti^rly side of the 
creek. 

After some effort an act was ])assed, No- 
vember "20, 1786, allowing the owners ot 
meadow on Newton Creek and its several 
brandies to erect and maintain a dam and 
water-works across the mouth of the same at 
the river. This avt)ided the expense attendant 
on keeping up the several dams before named, 
and secured all the marsh land on the creek 
from the overflow of the tide. April 6, 1807, 
a sujjplemcnt was passed to enable owners of 
meadow on that stream to improve the same. 
This did not accomplish the purposes intended, 
and March 27, 1872, another amendment was 
passed allowing the dam to be cut and tiie 
tides to ebb and flow. Some defect in the 
jiosition of the sluices and gates prevented 
the outflow of the water from the inside, which 
accumulated from the springs and rains, and 
which made the neighborhood unhealthy and 
affected the value of real estate. A dam was 
ei'ected across the mouth of the south branch 
of Pensaukin Creek by act of December 6, 
1775, for the purposes before named. Great 
Timber Creek being a navigable stream, was 
banked on both sides, from the moutli 
nearly to the head of navigation on eacii 
branch, but this appears to have been done 
by individual shore-owners and without any 
enabling act. 

The owners of marsh on Coo[)ers Creek, 
it being a navigable stream, also reclaimed it 
in the same manner, and much valual)ie pas- 
ture land on each of these streams is still 



388 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



protected from the tide. This proves con- 
clusively that no attention had been paid, 
until near the close of the last century, to 
the cultivation of the upland or artificial 
grasses, and that all depended upon the marsh 
lands within reach of the tide for their hay. 
Farmers, long distances from their meadows,' 
and at great cost and labor, thus obtained 
their winter supply, which at best was scanty 
and often of poor quality. The growers of 
early vegetables for the Philadelphia markets, 
and who utilized the light sandy soil, were 
not slow to notice the advantage of manures 
in forwarding their crops, and soon grew ex- 
travagant in their use, but made it profitable. 
About the beginning of the present century 
notice was taken of marl and land plaster, and 
some farmers ventured to sow snaall breadths 
of clover, herd-grass and timothy seed. 

This was watched with much interest liy 
all neighboring agriculturists, with the hope 
that their cattle could be fed at much less 
cost and trouble than attended the securing of 
the meadow crop. John Gill, Joseph M. 
Hinchmau, Joseph Kay, Samuel Nicholson 
and a few others made this risk, but the ex- 
periment at once dissolved all doubt in this 
direction, and meadow land began to lose its 
importance and decrease in value. 

At once the benefit was recognized and the 
next year every farmer — except those whose 
meadow land adjoined their farms — sowed 
grass .seed with his winter grain. 

About this time an attempt was made to 
utilize iron instead of wood for ploNvs. It 
was a crude idea, for the land side mould- 
board and shear were cast in a solid piece, 
making it so heavy it could not be handled. 
It went, however, to prove one thing — that 
the clay soils slipped from it much better 
than from wood. Soon the pieces were cast 
separately and the " Peacock plow " was the 
first iron one that found favor among the 
farmers. Improvements in other like im- 
plements followed, and cultivators, spike-hai'- 
rows and irantf-plows caiiic into use. 



The iiarvest in the olden time was the 
event of the agricultural year, and brought 
together nearly all the able-bodied men and 
boys and apprentices of the neighborhood. 
The sickle was the only implement used and 
all were expected to know how to " reap and 
bind," that the grain in sheaves might be 
ready for the carriers and shockers. One of 
the oldest and steadiest of the men would be 
selected as leader and his orders were ob- 
served. Young men would sometimes wish 
to test their skill and speed, and would not 
" cut in " ahead of the man on the lead, but 
if the work was badly done or disputes arose 
as to place, a word from the leader settled all. 
Sometimes among the farmers twenty or 
thii'ty reapers could be .seen cro.ssing a field 
of rijiened grain and each carrying his 
'' ridge " which was an attractive sight. 

About ten o'clock the good wife and her 
(laughters could be seen waiting under some 
convenient shade to dispense the lunch of hot 
biscuits and cool drink — which was enjoyed 
by all. Dinner would be announced by the 
tin horn or conch-shell, which was always a 
good meal with an hour's rest thereafter. 
Four o'clock brought another lunch like that 
of the morning and was acceptable to the 
now weary harvestei's, and as a day's work 
was from " sun to sun," there were several 
hours yet before the task was ended. Sujiper 
over, the traditional darkey fiddler would 
be pi'essed into service, the barn-floor cleared 
and straight fours, hornpipes and double 
sluiffles indulged in, much to the pleasure of 
the lads and lassies who joined the dance. 

The indentured apprentices, who, by thcii' 
papers, were entitled to two " week's harvest" 
were always largely represented on these oc- 
casions, and made for themselves pocket- 
nioney for the coming year. Nearly all the 
mechanical operations in the villages would 
be suspended for this week, and the man who 
wanted his horse shod, his wagon mended or 
ids shoe jiatched nuist ask it as a favor and 
nut dcniiuid it as a rii^ht. Tlic cradlo u;i'adii- 



AGRICULTURE. 



389 



ally took the place of the sickle as a more 
rapid ineau.s of cutting the graiu, and at last 
tiie occupation of the reaper was gone and 
tlie days of the harvest, with its jokes, its 
lunch and its dance, were almost forgotten. 

The wooden flail for threshing grain held 
its place for many years and niade winter 
work for the man who looked after the cattle 
and did chores for the famil}', and our 
grandfathers winnowed the graiu by the use 
of a barn shovel and trusted to a favorable 
breeze to carry away the chaff, which re- 
quired both patience and endurance to ac- 
complish. At last rude fan-mills made their 
appearance and one of these would accommo- 
date a neighborhood. Now the steam thresher 
does it all and the sound of the flail may 
never again be heard. 

The grass was cut with scythes, spread 
with forks and gathered with rakes, taking 
about two days to prepare it for the mow. 
The whole process was by hand, and if the 
crop was clover and it happened to rain, 
there was little but stems when in the barn, 
for the frequent handling wasted the head 
and blossom. The first break in this system 
^\•as the revolving horsc-rake. Farmers were 
slow to accept its use or acknowledge its mer- 
its. " It picks up all the sticks and stones 
witli the grass and I don't want it," says an 
old farmer sitting on the fence watching it 
work. " It rolls and wads the hay so you 
can't get it apart," says another near by and 
who refused to be convinced. These and 
other objections were lost sight of when its 
labor-saving advantages were considered, and 
soon one, if not tw^o, of them could be .seen 
on every plantation. 

The grain and see<l-drill has sup[)lanted 
the sower, the plow and the harrow, the com- 
bined reaper and binder, the mower, rake and 
fork ; each worked by horses have crowded 
out the primitive appliances formerly used. 

And the farmer's wife is entitled to a place 
here as well. With everything as primitive 
as the inijilcmcnts of her husband, her brain 
46 



and energies were often sa<lly taxed as to how 
she could get on with her work. The kitchen 
was the largest apartment in the house, and 
used for an eating, sitting, and cooking-room. 
The broad, open flre-phice was where she was 
exposed to the heat, and also the strong cur- 
rent of cold air con.stantly rushing up the 
chimney, when preparing meals. The (;rane, 
the tranunels, the huge pots and the griddle 
and gridiron were ever present, testing her 
strength aiul patience at i^very step. The 
array of pewter plates, buwls and mugs that 
adorned the dresser or high wooden mantel 
(being part of her wedding outfit) had to be 
cleaned and burnished as occasion re((uired, 
while the uncarpeted floors and unpainted 
chairs and tables must receive a certain 
amount of labor each w"eek to make them 
presentable to her family and neighbors. 

The care of the dairy and its products, as 
well as the poultry, fell to the females. The 
washing, ironing and mending for the family 
(the hired help included) was a weekly or- 
deal ; not to mention the baking, sw'eeping 
and scrubbing,— -all this without cook-stoves 
or ranges, without washing-machines or 
wringers, without patent churns, butter-trays 
or any other labor-saving appliances. The 
flax was to be broken and swingled ; the wool 
was to be cleaned, carded and prepared for 
the loom, and the hum of the wheel told 
that the motiier and daughters were bu.sy 
during the long winter evenings, and doing 
their work by the light of the pine-knots 
burning on the hearth. This picture is with- 
out romance or coloring, and she who took 
upon herself the duties of matron accepted a 
situation unknown in these days of the di- 
visions of labor and the intelligent applica- 
tion of machinery. 

It is needless to speculate as to the devel- 
opment of fruit and berry-growing in this 
section. With hundnnls ofacresyet untouched, 
so well adapted to these purposes, a few more 
decades, and that which is now forest and 
swamp may be made to yield its abundance, 



390 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



through the industry of a teeming popula- 
tion. Many can remember when strawber- 
ries wei-e a garden luxury, and the brier-hook 
of the farmer was ever ready to destroy the 
blackberry and dewberry vines that crowded 
his fences, when cranberry culture had not 
been thought of, and many other like growths 
received no attention. 

Developments are constantly being made 
in our country which aid the farmer in selling 
the produce of his land, and invite him to in- 
crease his acres of cultivated soil. They give 
employment to people in manufacturing, min- 
ing and transportation, the building of rail- 
roads and canals, and the increase of foreign 
trade by shipping. None of the people .so em- 
ployed produce anything for themselves or 
their families to eat; hence the earth with the 
fullness thereof, through the industry of the 
husbandman, supi)lics their wants. The im- 
provement in the breed of horses, of cattle, of 
swine and of poultry has not been overlooked, 
and he is the exception who has no Jersey 
cattle in his pastures, no Chester Whites or 
Jersey Reds in his pens, no choice stock of 
colts in his stalls nor any Plymouth Rocks 
or Wyandotts in his hennery. 

And other things have kept in the line of 
improvements. Dwellings are more conve- 
nient and comfortable, barns are lai'ger and 
better arranged, and labor-saving utensils 
may be found in every department. 

The Federal and State governments have 
come to appreciate agriculture. Chemistry 
has been invoked and attention given to the 
best means of increasing crops. The State 
Board of Agriculture annually brings togeth- 
er the progressive farmers, and the Legislature, 
with commendable liberality, seconds every 
effort to advance these objects. The husl)and- 
man has now taken his true ])ositi()U in the 
community ; he knows that tiie wealth of the 
nations comes out of the land, and that ho con- 
tributes largely to that end ; that his calling 
commands respect and that the jjrodnce of his 
broad acres finds a [)lace in every family. 



A New Era.— The greatest stride in 
agricultural advancement has probably been 
developed within the last quarter of a cen- 
tury ; not alone in improved implements 
of husbandry, but in the variety and methods 
of cultivating the crops. The outbreak of 
the War of the Rebellion cut off all coin- 
petition from the South, and the result of 
this and the demands of an enormous army 
stinudat('(l tlic prices of farm products in 
this county to a wonderful extent ; potatoes 
sold readily at a dollar per five-eighths 
bushel. Corn brought from eigiity cents 
to one dollar and a half per bushel, oats 
eighty cents to one dollar per bushel, rye 
an equal price, and wheat, about the close 
of the war, brought three dollars per bushel. 
Strawberries sold at from ten to thirty cents 
per quart, blackberries twelve to fifteen cents 
perquart, raspberries eight to ten cents per pint, 
grapes eigiit to ten cents per pound, and all 
other products at equally ronjunerative prices, 
and as a result, farm land rai)id]y increased in 
value, the be.st lands readily selling at from 
one hundred and fifty to two hundred dollars 
per acre. The value of all kinds of fertilizers 
correspondingly iucreased; stable manure in 
Philadelphia sold on the wharves at one d<i]- 
lar and fifty cents per small cart-load. It 
was loaded upon canal-boats, flats and schoon- 
ers and .sent up all the navigable streams to 
various landings. Farmers increased their 
areas of cultivated land, and applied manures 
and fertilizers unsparingly. Peruvian guano, 
being considered the best commercial fertil- 
izer, sold at one hundred dollars per tmi. 
Hay and straw brought prices varying from 
one dollar to two dollars and a half per hun- 
dred-weight. During .such a jieriod farmers 
became wide awake and progressive. \ew 
fruits were ra])idly intriidnced. The first 
great ac(]uisition was the llovey strawberry 
introduced by C. M. Hovey, of Boston, and 
was the pioneer of the strawberry culture of 
to-dav ; this was rapidly followiul by oilier 
varieties, until the varieties are now over one 



AGRICULTURE. 



391 



liiiii(lrccl, ami onibrace all kinds and sliapcs 
of berries. Tliose varieties most popular at 
present are the Siuirpless, Crescent, Miners, 
Dowuinjj and Mount Vernon, altliouirli many 
others are eultivated profitably. The season 
of 188(! has been one unusually favorable 
to the growth of the strawberry, and large 
crops have been gathered. IVobably the 
largest crop by an individual grower in this 
county was a yield of sixty-eight thousand 
({uarts on fourteen acres, grown by JCzra ('. 
Bell, of Mount Kphraim. This yield has fre- 
quently been excelled by growers of one or t w( > 
acres, and Friend Bell has exceeded it on ten 
acres two years previously. The large cro|) of 
this fruit caused a series of extremely low prices, 
thousands of quarts selling below the cost of 
l)icking, wiiich fact has discouraged many 
growers to abandon their plants and turn 
their attention to other crops. The cultiva- 
tion of the blackberry began to assume im- 
portance about the same time as the straw- 
berry, and ac(|uired considerable success, 
and is still cultivated, but is not as profitable 
as fornieily, the Wilson Early being the most 
noteworthy. The best yiehl in the county 
was that rai.sed by John S. Collins, on the 
Benjamin Horner farm, a little north of and 
adjoining the borough of Merchantville, in 
the year 1872; he raised and sold one hun- 
dred and ninety-two thousand (juarts on sev- 
enty-five acres, which were sold for the sum 
of twenty-two thousand one hundred and two 
dollars. The variety was the Wilson Early. 
Rasjibcrries also came into profitable cul- 
tivation, the Philadelphia being the mo.st 
profitable, although its honors have been 
closely contested by the Braudywine, Cuth- 
bert or Queen of the Market, Early Prolific, 
Reliance and others. Joshua Barton, of 
Berlin, in 1884, raised on two acres threi' 
thousand two luindred and fortv-one and 
a half quarts of Queen of the Market rasji- 
bcrries, not including those consnme<l at 
home. Grapes also attracted their full share 
of attention, and many large yields and profit- 



able returns have been obtained. In IS8.5 
the crop of John W. Potts, of Stockton 
town.ship, a little northeast of Merchantville 
borough, on five acres was a little over 
fifteen tons of grapi^s. While these results 
in small fruits were obtained, the gi'ain and 
truck farmers were not idle. Large crops of 
all kinds of vegetables are yearly reporte<l. 
Joel Clement, of Stockton, rai.sed twelve 
hundred and eighty-five baskets (five-eighths 
bushel) of jteppers on one acre, which sold 
for two hundred and twenty-fiv<! dollars. 
Jesse L. Ander.son, of Ellisburg, a few ycai's 
ago had a remarkable yield of sweet potatoes. 
David Roe, of Haddonfield, has at different 
times rai.sed very productive ciojis of cab- 
l>ages. 

Edward W'. Coffin, 188."), on two and 
soven-eiglith acres raised three ^hou.sand 
bushels of tomatoes of five-(Mglith bushel 
each and weighing thirty-nine pounds per 
basket, equal to forty thou.sand six hundred 
and ninety-six pounds pev acre, lie also 
rai.sed on four and seven-eighth acres thirty- 
nine thousand six hundred pounds of hay. 
Joseph Errick.son, of Delaware townshi]), 
raised in 1885 eight hundred and forty bush(;ls 
of tomatoes on one acre ; John D. Glover, of 
Mount Ephraim, four hundred and eighty- 
six bushels of wheat on seventeen acres ; 
Joseph C. Hollinshead, of lladdon township, 
raised twenty-five tons of mangel-wurzel 
beets on one and a half acres. Joel Clement, 
of Stockton township, near the Bethel Church, 
raised in 1885, on a little less than a quarter of 
an acre, eleven hundred baskets (five-eighths 
bushel) of squashes, which sold for one hun- 
dred and eighty-five dollars ; and from a little 
less than oneand one-half acres of cabbage two 
hundred and three dollars was realized ; from 
one and a half acres of late tomatoes two hun- 
dred and twelve dollars was realized. ]\Iany 
of these yields and prices have no doubl been 
exceeded, but enough has been mentioned to 
give an idea of the crops produced under the 
advanced .system of agriculture. 



392 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



While these changes have heeu going on 
in the rotation of crops and the cultivation 
of the soil, the condition of the agriculturist 
has also assumed a more elevated position 
iu all that concerns the conveniences of 
husbandry and the drudgery of the formers' 
wives, although the relief of the latter has 
not reached that position to which she is 
justly entitled.. It is true that the spinning- 
wheel and distaif have been discarded, and 
the huge fire-places, with their cumbersome 
crane and pots and kettles, have been suc- 
ceeded by the cook-stove and range, the bare 
floors are carpeted, and the plumber's art 
frequently called in to locate the bath-tub, 
and hot and cold water arrangements, the 
dairyman succeeds the dairy-maid with the 
milk pail, the washing, ironing and mend- 
ing for the hired men employed on the farm 
is a thing of the past, the sitting-room and 
parlor are furnished in the latest styles of 
furniture, and adorned with many handsome 
ornaments, and frequently the chandelier is 
found in its graceful proportions hanging 
from the ceiling, yet the system of farmers 
boarding and lodging their field hands is still 
in vogue, although the practice of providing 
convenient and comfortable residences for 
the employees of the farm, and the men board- 
ing themselves, is being successfully tried 
among the more affluent farmers. The 
system is far from being general, although 
it is not venturing much to say that within 
the next score of years it will be as un- 
common an occurrence to find a farmer board- 
ing his help as it is to-day to find one wash- 
ing and mending for them. The day is also 
not far distant when butter-making, except 
in large dairies, will also be seldom done 
upon the farm. The milk or cream will be 
sent to a creamery and the farmer charged a 
percentage for the manufacture of the pro- 
duct into butter. But to forecast the events 
that are sure to supplant the methods of 
to-day is to venture on unknown grounds. 
Certain it is, however, that tlu,' wife of the 



agriculturist of Camden County is destined to 
be relieved from much of the slavery that now 
besets her life, and to enjoy an existence as 
free from vexatious toil as her city neighbor. 

After reviewing the past and noting the 
continued advance in agricultui'al pursuits, it 
is impossible to predict the future of the 
husbandman of this county. 

The importance of a unity of action in 
many cases necessitated the formation of a 
Farmers' Association, which was first organ- 
ized at Ellisburg in 1872, and afterwards 
removed to Haddonfield, where it entered on 
a quiet but steady career of usefulness, the 
elFects and advantages of which are manifold. 
Aside from the discussions at the meeting.s, 
many important actions were taken to relieve 
the farmers of impositions practiced upon 
them. For several years exhibitions of 
cereal products and poultry were yearly held 
in the Town Hall at Haddonfield, where 
poultry for breeding purposes was sold and 
exchanged. The energies of the association 
were largely curtailed Ijy the (Jrange move- 
ment, which reached this county in 1S74. 
Yet, notwithstanding the absorption of its 
members in the Grange organizations, the 
association maintained its organization and 
membership in tlie State Board, and, aided 
largely by its influence, is reorganizing the 
State Board of Agriculture, and placing 
that body upon its present influential posi- 
tion. ( )ne of the original members of the 
association is at this time president of the 
New Jersey State Board of Agriculture. 
The officers of the association are as follows : 
President, Edward Burrough ; Vice-Presi- 
dent, Edward S. Huston ; Recording Secre- 
tary, George T. Haines; Corresponding Secre- 
tary, Edward Bui-rough ; Treasurer and 
Librarian, Jacob 8. Coles; Executive Com- 
mittee, Isaac W. Coles, Ezra C. Bell, Rich- 
ard Levis Shivers, Nathaniel Barton and 
Samuel Wood. 

In accordance with the provisions of the 
law authorizing; the creation of County Boards 




S.A^M/M 



A(iRI('ULTIll?K. 



393 



of Agriculture, tlie C'aiiKlcii Couuty I'xianl of 
Agrieulturu was formed, and althougli yet iu 
its iufancy, gives promise of being a useful 
element, tiirough which the fanners of the 
county can unite uj)on any measure tending 
to advance their interest. The present offi- 
cers areas follows: President, Ezra C. Bell; 
Vice-President, Edward S. Huston ; Record- 
ing Secretary, George T. Haines ; Correspond- 
ing Secretary, Nathaniel Barton ; Treasurer, 
Jacol) Stokes Coles ,- Directors, Theodore 
Heider, Edward Burrough and Amos Ebert ; 
Delegates to the State Board of Agriculture, 
Edward Burrough and Edward S. Huston. 

Camden County Pomona Gkanoe. — 
This organization was estahlislied Septem- 
ber 6, 1877, in Clement's Hall, at Haddon- 
field, by the action of the Union Grange, at 
Mechanicsville, Haddon Grange, of Haddon- 
tield, Blackwood Grange, of Blackwood, au<l 
Hammonton Grange, of Atlantic ('ounty. 
Meetings are held at the hall of Haddon 
Grange, Haddoufield. Isaac Nicholson was 
elected Master, and served until 18.S0, when 
he was succeeded by Theodore Hyder, of 
Blackwood, who still presides. R. J. Bynes 
was chosen secretary at the organization and 
served until 1880, when he was succeeded by 
R. L. Shivers, who served one year and was 
followed by the present secretary, George T. 
Haines. 

EzR.\ C. Bell, one of the successful ag- 
riculturists of Camden County, is a descend- 
ant of Henry Bell, one of the Friends who 
came to Montgomery County, Pa., in the 
last decade of the seventeenth century, and 
settled on lands he purchased of William 
Penn. His .sou John, born in 1721, mar- 
ried Hannah Reese, and to them there was a 
son born in 1749, whom they named Jona- 
than. This son married Mary Stroud, and 
had two children, — James and Isaiah, the 
last-named of whom married Catharine 
Hughes, and died in 1849, aged seventy- 
eight years, having nine children, the 
second child, named Hughes, marrying Sarah 



Comfort, daughter of l'>zra and Margaret 
(Shomaker) Comfort. Hughes Hell for nine 
years managed the farm attached to the 
Westtown Boarding-School of Friends, and 
in 1847 j>urchased two hundred and forty 
acres of land iu Union (now Centre) town- 
ship, Camden County. This was formerly 
known as the Jo.seph Tomlinson property, 
originally located by Joseph Hugg. Part of 
this land was in timber and the remainder 
in an impoverished and much neglected farm, 
and, but for a tract of banked meadow on 
Great Timber Creek, there would have been 
no hay for winter's use. At that time his fam- 
ily consisted of his wife and five children, — 
Chalkley, Charles, Mary, Ezra C, and James. 
Soon a change was ajiparent, and by judicious 
cropping the soil advanced rapidly iu tertility. 
Hughes Bell was among the first in this 
section to cut and stack his corn before husk- 
ing, thus saving the fodder from winds and 
rain. The objection of "costing too much," 
as argued among farmers, soon vanished and 
the system was in a few years almost uni- 
versally adopted. His sons used the first 
mowing-machine hereabouts, and although 
cumbersome and defective in many parts, 
was the beginning of a new era iu hay-mak- 
ing for all. Hughes Bell died iu 1857 and 
his sons became the po.ssessors of his landed 
estate and jjursued the .same intelligent .system 
of agriculture, taking advantage of the use 
of machinery and the application of fertilizers. 
The land which came to Ezra C. Bell was 
tlu' jiurchased tract of seventy-one acres and 
part of the original tract. Much of this 
land was yet unbroken and some of it 
difficult to clear. In utilizing a bed of 
clay on the premises for brick and the man- 
ufacture of tile, of which his present residence 
was built in 185(3, with which the farm is 
underlaid, gradual inroads were made upon 
the brush and stumps until .some of the best 
land was exposed to the sun and made ready 
for u.se. The miles of tile which underlay 
the soil render it now one of the most pro- 



394 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



(luftivf and easily Wdi-ked farms to be found 
in this county. Some of the moist soils are 
especially adapted to the growth of stravv- 
ben'ies and other small fruits, and have been 
taken advantage of for such purposes. With 
constant changes as to selected varieties, 
seasonable care in tillage, the use of jjroper 
stimulants and a near market, he has shown 
what can be done in this direction, which has 
induced others to the same endeavor. 

With seven acres under strawberries in 
1883, the yield was about fifty thousand 
quarts, and gave employment to sixty pickers. 
This is the result of experiment, observation 
and experience, the selection of soil, of situ- 
ation and of other minor details needful to 
success. With the same attention given to 
other crops, like results follow : the farmer 
repaid and the products of the earth increa.sed. 

Ezra C. Bell is of that class of men who 
strive to emulate each other in a friendly 
way, and assemble themselves together to 
talk over their los.ses as well as their gains, 
who regard education as applicable to farm- 
ing as to mechanics, to merchandising as 
to the arts or to the sciences ; that, although 
the cold, the heat, the drought and the rains 
have much to do with the success in crojis, 
yet good farming in its broadest sense, in a 
measure, overcomes all these, and is sure to 
yield its reward. 

In 1856 he married J]sther K., datigliter 
of lleuben and Rachel Roberts. Their chil- 
dren are John H., Edwin R., Margaret C. 
and Caroline R. Bell. Esther deceased in 
1877, and in 188;5 he married Priscilla 
Evans, widow of Joseph B. Evans, and 
daughter of Zebedee and Elizabeth Haines. 
Like his ancestors, he adheres to the religious 
faith and doctrines of George Fox, and is a 
useful man in his day and generation. Without 
being a politician, he is a firm adherent to his 
policy of what is best for the people, and he 
does not avoid his duty as a good citizen, by 
i-efusing to participate in township or county 
aflFairs. 



Jdiin Ri'DDEROW was a leading agricul- 
turist within the present limits of Stockton 
township for half a century after the Revolu- 
tionary A\'^ar. He was the great-grands(jn of 
Joiin Rudderow, an Engli.sh lawyer, crown 
surveyor and adherent of the Established 
Church. In 1(380 he settled in Chester town- 
ship, Burlington C-ounty, N. J., on a tract 
of land he had located between the north and 
south branches of Pen.saukin Creek. He 
was active in the affairs of the township, and 
was known in the colony as a man of edu- 
cation. He was contemporary with Geoi'ge 
Keith, and influential among his adherents 
in organizing St. Mary's Church at Coles- 
t<nvn. The great-grandson, John, was born 
at the old homestead February 17, 1759, but 
his maternal grandfather, Thomas Spicer, 
dying during his infancy, entailed him the 
" S])icer tract," where Merchantvillc now 
stands. His parents — William and Abigail 
(Spicer) Rudderow — removed to what was 
then, and for many years after, known as the 
" Cherry-tree Tavern," which stood by the 
road gi>ing from Burlington to Coopers Point, 
near Merchantvillc. John Rudderow devoted 
himself to agriculture, and was among the 
first to introduce the culture of the peach and 
tomato into West Jersey. In 1804 he l)uilt 
his residence where is now the centre of 
jNIerchantville, and resided there for many 
years. November 16, 1812, Governor Aaron 
Ogdeu tendered him the appointment of 
a.ssociate judge of the several courts of Glou- 
cester County, which he declined. His father 
had been a warden of St. Mary's Church, at 
Colestown, from its organization, in 1752, 
and was succeeded by his son John, who held 
the office until his death. He died May 1, 
1840, leaving a large estate. 

Edward Z. Collinos, one of the success- 
ful cranberry growers of West Jersey, is a li nea I 
descendant of Richard C'ollings, who married 
Esther, daughter of Joseph, a grandson of 
Robert Zanc, Joseph Zane died in 1759, 
and left the estate to his daughters — Esther 





r) ; 






^ 



OLD ftRAVE-YARDS. 



395 



ami Rhoda ; the last-named sold her interest 
U) Kieiiard Collings in 17(52, whi) then be- 
came the owner of the original Robert Zane 
survey. Riehard Collings, who married 
Esther Zane, had by her seven children, — 
Abigail, Esther, Mary, Lydia, Richard, P^d- 
ward Z. and Joseph (who were twins). Ed- 
ward Z. was married to Sarah Thomas, of 
Hhiladelpiiia. Their cliildren were Rebecca, 
wlio married Jonathan, father of E. C. 
Kniglit ; Elizabeth, who married John 
Thackara, of Salem, N. J. ; Sarah, wiio i)e- 
I'ame the wife of Levi Judson, of New York ; 
Lsaac, who died young; Edward Z. and 
Joseph C 

E. Z. Collings was married to Elizabeth 
IT., daughter of Amos and Ann Cox, wlio 
\v:us the daughter of William Zane, of Chews 
Landing. His family were Rachel (wife of 
Elwood) and Ann (wife of Charles Braddock, 
of Haddontield, N. J.), Rit^hard S. (who died 
in infancy) and Edward Z. 

Edward Zane Collings was horn in New- 
ton township January Iti, 18?>7, on the old 
homestead property. This farm was situated 
on tlie Gloucester road, leading to Haddon- 
tield from Gloucester, and now' comprises the 
larger part of the tract set apart by its owner, 
E. C. Knight, for a park. His father died 
five months before his birth, and to his 
mother was left the care of three children. 
She was a woman of great force of character, 
and in order to keep the family together, car- 
ried to the city market the farm products, and 
sold them, as was the (custom then. She was 
faithful at home, and guided and educated 
lier children by her example and per.soual in- 
lluence. The subject of this biography 
worked uj)on the farm until he was sixteen 
years old, in the mean time attending the 
Champion School, going also to Fellowship 
Boarding-School, kept by Samuel Smith, for 
two years, and completing his education by 
a year's course at Bridgeton West Jersey 
Academy. At the age of twenty he taught 
the Horner School, near Glendale. Becoming 



of age, he took charge of tlie farm, which he 
managed successfully for four years ; in the 
mean time lie ptirrliased a farm in Salem 
Comity, planting and suc(;essfully raising 
fruit on it. When the war broke out, in 1861, 
Mr. Collings became the sutler of the Thirty- 
second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer 
Infantry (afterward Ninety-ninth Regi- 
ment). He also received a commission as 
military store-keeper from Hon. Simon 
Cameron. He was in the service three years, 
taking vessel-loads of goods to sutlers at the 
front, disposing of the same at a handsome 
profit. At one time he was too far in advance 
and was nearly made a prisoner ; at anotlier 
Colonel Mosby cut the train in two, captur- 
ing many wagons, but the property of Mr. 
('oil ings escaped til rough good fortune. After 
the war he purchased a farm in IVContgomerj' 
County, Pa., and engaged in the dairy busi- 
ness, and now devotes much of his time to the 
cultivation of cranberries on his property in 
the lower part of New Jersey, and is reaping 
large profits on his investments. In 18()(j 
he was elected to the Legislature from the 
Second District on the Republican ticket, and 
by his vote aided in making Hon. T. F. 
Freylinghuysen (Tnited States Senator. His 
children are William T., Edward Z., Sallie 
F., Annie Z. and Francis F. His two oldest 
sons are engaged in cattle-raising in Nebraska, 
have large ranches and are prospering. Mr. 
Collings is now a resident of Camden. 



CH A PTER N XI. 

oi,i) (;r;AVE-YAKi)s. 

Many of these places of burial were re- 
ganled as family yards, and nearly every 
large laud-owner had his own, yet members 
of other families were interred there. These 
were no doubt in many instances beside the 
phices already selected by the Indians, and 
had been so used for many years before the 



396 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



emigrants settled here. These the aborig- 
ines always held sacred, and made visits to 
them long after they had abandoned the ter- 
ritory and left the soil. Many, unfortu- 
nately, are at this time lost sight of and for- 
gotten, while others are neglected and with- 
out any inclosure about them. Monuments 
were seldom placed to the graves, save, per- 
haps, a rough native stone, with the initials 
of the interred j)erson's name rudely cut 
thereon and without date. 

The oldest burial-place in the county is 
the old Newton yard, situated in Haddon 
township, about midway between Haddon- 
field and Camden. It was established by 
the first persons who transported themselves 
into this part of the territory, in 1681. Here, 
for many years, were all the deceased per- 
sons interred, the funerals often coming in 
boats to the yard. The site was badly 
chosen, for the ground is low, and often 
filled with water nearly to the surface. 

If it had been consistent with the rules of 
the Society of Friends that small, unpretend- 
ing monuments had been allowed from 
the beginning, how much of history and 
information might be gathered therefrom at 
the present time. Yet a visit there is with- 
out results, and no one can discover wiiere 
his or her ancestors lie. This is a universal 
regret, for so much is lost that might in this 
simple way have come down to tiiis genera- 
tion. 

Next in order of time is the Henry Wood 
grave-yard, on the farm now or lately owned 
by Lemuel Horner, antl near the site of the 
Camden City Water- Works. The lew tlun- 
ilies settled about the mouth of Coopers 
Creek and on the river-shore used this place. 
The Woods, the Spicers, the Nicholsons, tiie 
Willards and Days, and, later, a few of tiie 
Cowperthwaites, Folwells and other families, 
were buried there. It was aliandoned for 
that purpose many years since, and is now 
scarcely known. 

Gloucester was laiil out in lots in 1()S(; 



but had been occupied before that date by a 
few settlers, and a place of burial selected. 
Thomas Bull, in his will (1722), makes men- 
tion of a grave-yard at that place, but 
nothing is now known of its locality or who 
lie interred there. It may be in one of the 
most traveled thoroughfares, or covered by 
some dwelling or factory so numerous there. 
In it probably rest the remains of parts of the 
Reading, the Hajrison, the Hugg and Bull 
families — some of the pioneers who first ad- 
ventured into this region of country. 

The Watson grave-yard dates back for 
many years. It is situated in Winslcw 
township, near the road going from Blue 
Anchor to May's Landing, about one mile 
south of Wiuslow. As early as the year 
171(J Daniel Coxe made a survey of one 
hundred acres at that place, and tradition had 
it that a house was built and a tavern kept 
there. Although in the depths of the forest, 
it was a comparatively public place, for here 
crossed the two Indian trails — the one going 
from Egg Harbor to the Delaware River, 
and the other from Burlington County 
towards Cape May. The first of these was 
the road traveled by the Indians in their 
cxcursious to procure fish and clams for th(;ir 
winter use, and the other by the Atsionk and 
Tuckahoe Indians in their friendly visits to 
each other. On these same paths the settlers 
made their first roads, and gradually the 
importance of the old hostelry increased. 
This may account for and fix the date of tiie 
beginning of this burial-i)lace, and may have 
been where the Indians buricul their dead 
who died on these long journeys. It took 
its name from Benjamin Watson, who, after 
tlu^ tavern-keeper and his lamily, was the 
first white person settled there. He pur- 
chased a largo tract of land, cleared several 
acres about iiis house, and reaped some ben- 
efit from tlie soil. Himself and wife and 
some of ills family are buried there, and also 
( )liver Bcebe and wife and funily, some of 
Jolm Camel's family, and a lew others ol 



OLD GRAVE-YARPS. 



397 



that region. Years ago there stood several 
marked stones, and a few graves could be 
seen, but since then all have been renioveil, 
and nothing remains to siiow the spot. 

What was known as the Graysbury grave- 
yard was a short distance west of the White 
Horse and Camden turnpike road, on a farm 
ftirmerly the (Traysburys, but later owned by 
.loscph Fewsmith, and now by William 
Kettle, Jr. Simeon Breach, Joseph J^ow 
and Caleb Spraguo, who were the first 
settlers in that section, and their families are 
buried there, and later the (Traysburys and 
Hinchmans, and some other families. This 
yard is entirely lost sight of, and the Phila- 
del]ihia and Atlantic City Railroad passes 
through it. 

The grave-yard at Blue Anchor was one 
of some pretensions and among the oldest in 
tlie county. In 1740 the tavern was estab- 
lished there and a lew dwellings sprang up 
around it, and this place of burial may date 
from that time. About I80O a new yard 
was opened near by and no more interments 
were made in the old one. In former days 
it had many lettered " head-stones " at the 
gi'aves, but the inclosing fence was removed 
and cattle allowed to trespass thereon and de- 
stroy the monuments. Here were buried the 
families of John Hider, John Bryant, Kobert 
jMattox, Thomas Fry, the oldest settlers there; 
later, the Albertsons, the Beebes, the >Sicklers 
and others were brought there and laid away. 
Now it is " fiirmed over," and the spot is 
scarcely to l)e recognized. It was on the high 
ground a short distance west of the hotel and 
frequently visited by relatives and friends of 
persons lying there. 

Woos' burial-place, about one mile south 
of Waterford and near where Shane's C'astle 
formerly stood, dates back to the middle of 
the last century. It is where the Indian 
trail crosses Clark's Branch, and is possibly 
where the aborigines of that section buried 
their dead. 

Zabastian Woos and his brothers settled 
47 



there, followed by their descendants, who 
kept a fence about it and placed several tomb- 
stones in the inclosure. But li'w are interred 
there now. 

There is a small yard at Bates' Mill, about 
one mile south of Waterford, in Winslow 
tow-nship. It was Hrst opened when Thomas 
Cole built the saw-mill, about the middle of 
the last century. Some of the Cole family, 
the Bates family, the Kellum family and 
others are buried there. Care is taken of 
this s])ot, the fence kept up and the few 
stones are cared for. Benjamin Bates, who 
was an officer in the New Jersey Line during 
the Revolutionary War, and did much active 
service, lies there in a neglecte<l grave. He 
was especially useful in watching the refu- 
gees, to prevent their stealing horses and cat- 
tle from the people along the coast. These 
marauders were the terror of the inhabitants, 
generally going at night on their expeditions ; 
but when they found that Captain Bates was 
on their track, took to the timber and 
Avon Id be seen no more for some time. 

The Hopewell grave-yard was probably 
foini<led by Friends, as a meeting-house owned 
Ijy that denomination formerly stood there. 
It is on the old Fgg Harbor road, about two 
miles southwest from Tansboro', in Winslow 
township. The fence about it is still kept in 
rejiiiir and care taken of the graves and 
stones. The house was erected about the 
middle of the last century, and the beginning 
of the burials may date from that time. Here 
were interred the heads of the meeting — John 
Shinn, Uriah Norcross, Joseph Peacock, Jo- 
seph Boulton and many others — but their 
children removing from that region found 
other places of sepulture. 

The cemetery at Berlin (Long-a-Coming) 
has been in use for many years, and may !)e 
dated back to near 1714, when the place was 
nameil Long-a-Coming, with a tavern and a 
few dwellings. In 17(i5 Samuel Scull kept 
an " inn " at that place, where the Presby- 
terians erected a small meeting-house on the 



398 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



ground now used for burial lots, and attached 
to the cemetery. Although the meeting- 
house Ibll into decay and was taken down, 
yet the interest in the yard was kept up and 
sufficient fence always kept around it to pre- 
vent cattle trespassing to the injury of the 
graves and grave-stones. As the neighborhood 
improved and became more thickly settled and 
no other burial-place cstal)lished, the grounds 
were enlarged from time to time and laid out 
with avenues and lots. Some few stones may 
be seen in the old parts, where lie buried the 
Scull, the Budd, the Bodine, the Zigler, 
the Rogers and other old families. Under 
the present management there is no danger of 
neglect, much to the credit of those in- 
terested. 

Burden's grave- yard was on the brow of a 
hill near where the turnpike road from Ber- 
lin falls into the Clementon and White Horse 
road, in Gloucester township, and is now en- 
tirely overgrown with tiudjcr. It was prob- 
ably founded by 'riibnias Webster, who 
owned the land in 1742, and who, with part 
of his family, were buried there. He had 
two sons, Ijawrence and Samuel, but they re- 
moved to other parts. Richard Burden be- 
came owner of (he soil in 1789, hence the 
name as known in modern times. Daviil 
Hurley's and Joab Hillman's families may 
be there, as they owned land and lived near 
by. Andrew Newman owned the land in 
17 42 where the "Clementon" Mills stand 
and built the first mil] there, about one mile 
from the yard in (piestion, and it may be that 
he and his family rest there, and his brother 
John and family and Benjamin Richards and 
Henry Lake as well, with their families ; 
and later, Moses Branson and Richard Bur- 
den and their families. 

If tills be so, then this forgotten s])ot was 
once an important place and (^immandcnl the 
care, the respect and the jirotection of those 
about them, where now no vestige of a stone 
or grave can be seen. 

But a single grave and grave-stone is 



left to show where the people about Clemen- 
ton buried their dead. It is on a hill not far 
from the railroad station, in Gloucester town- 
ship, and will in a few years be lost sight of. 
It was established when the glass-works were 
built there, which brought together many 
workmen and tlieir families. 

On the tarm of Alexander Cooper, Esq., 
in Delaware township, near Glendale, is a 
small inclosed spot in one of the fields known 
as Matlack's grave-yard. It contains but few 
bodies, yet they are the ancestors of the pres- 
ent owner in tiie maternal line. The fence 
is carefully maintained and it is contemplated 
to erect there a marble tablet to commemo- 
rate the place and secure it from encnjach- 
ments or neglect. 

Tomlinson's grave-yard, near Laurel Mills, 
in Gloucester township, is strictly a family 
yard. Many of the ancestors of the family 
lie buried tliere and interments occasionally 
take place. It is well cared for, but, belong- 
ing to a Friend's tiimily, but few monuments 
can be seen, its origin runs back many 
years, for Jose[ih Tonilinson settled in that 
section as early as 1690, he being the first 
emigrant of that name. 

What is generally known as tiie Zane's 
grave-yard is in Gloucester township, near 
Clements Bridge, and was established l)y the 
Krst George Marple, who settled there about 
1740, and it was one of the largest in this 
section of country. Many of the neighbor- 
ing families buried there and many stones 
witii names and dates stood there. No in- 
terments have been made there for many 
years. The Marples, the Zancs, the Troths, 
the Chews, tiie Hillmans and others liveil 
ill tliat region. Tiie estate having jiassed in- 
to the liands of strangers, it has been much 
neglected of late years. It has no inclosiire 
about it and many of the graves are leveled 
with the ground anti tiie stones defaced or 
removed. Tiie remains of Colonel Isaiah 
Mar|)lo are internnl at this spot, the grave 
being shown by a plain marble slab. He 



OI.D GRAVE-YARDS. 



399 



was an officor in tlie New Jersey Line dnring 
the Kevolntionary War and rendered inneli 
service in tiiat memorable struggle. The re- 
mains of a few Hessian soldiers may res! 
here, as the troops crossed Great Timber 
Creek at this point on their going to and re- 
tnrning fjom the battle of Red Bank. In 
the retreat there was mueh tronble in trans- 
porting tiieir wounded, not having means to 
that end, and some were left by the way to 
die or to be cared for by the inhabitants. The 
army was completely demoralized, its ooni- 
mandiug officer being in the hands of the 
enemy and others lying dead upon the fii'id. 
In the hasty retreat tradition says two brass 
Held-pieces were thrown into tiie creek and 
there remain to the present. 

Sloan's burial-place is a neglected spot on 
the south side of Irish Hill, in Union town- 
ship, and a short distance east from the 
Blaekwoodtown and Camden turn]>ike road. 
There is no fence about it and it is entirely 
covered with timber and underbrush. Jo- 
seph Sloan intended it for his family alone, 
bntotiiers are buried there. It is j)ossil)]e 
that John Stafford was buried tliere, he being 
connected with the family by marriage. He 
was a soldier in Washington's body-guard 
and was wounded at the battle of (Jerman- 
town while serving in the artillery, after 
wliich he retired from the .service. John 
Ware, Jolin Batt, Jacob Bendler and others 
lived near tliis place, and tiiemselves or part 
of their families may lie there. 

The few graves that formerly apjieared by 
the road leading through Guineatown iVom 
Snow Hill to Gloucester, in Centre township, 
is the restiug-place of many of the slaves of 
tiie Hiiggs, the Glovers, the Harrisons and 
others, who, after they were free, builtHiouses 
and settled them at this place. No vestige 
of the graves or stones is left. 

The law required that they should not l)e- 
come a connty charge ; hence this means wa^^ 
taken to keep them from want when too old 
to work. There is a like place, known as 



Hurley's grounds, on the farm now owned 
by Benjamin and Joseph Li])pincott, a short 
distance ea.st from the Mount Epiiraim 
road. This was tli(,> burial-place of the 
Hinchman slaves and their descendants, and 
was used until within a few years. 

John Mapes' grave-yai'd joins tiio liouse 
where he lived, and is where himself and his 
family lie bm-ied. Jt fronts the turnj)ike 
road leading from Camden to Kirkwood, in 
Centre township, and contains but few 
graves. John Mapes was a soldier in tiie 
partisan corps of Colonel Menry Lee, and 
did the enemy "much hurt and misciiief " in 
that memorable conflict. JIc imd great ad- 
miration for his commander, " Light Horse 
Harry," and loved to recount their many 
adventures in watching the movements of the 
British army. Nothing but a plain nuuiile 
slab marks the place of his burial. 

On the south side of and near the road 
from Mount Ephraim to \\^)odi)ni'v, in 
Centre township, formerly stood a large 
hv'n-k farm-house, which was taken ilown by 
Jesse W. Starr, Esq., while he owned the 
farm. Near the house, and in part of the 
garden, were a few graves, with head and 
foot-stones indicating that a branch of the 
Harrison family was Imried tliere. Saiimel 
W. Harrison at one time was the owner of 
the estate, and a prominent and representa- 
tive man in Gloucester County affairs during 
his active life. He was descended from the 
Harrisons, who settled at (iloucester in the 
lieginning, and whose names niav be found 
among the leading men of the conntv and 
State for several generations. Samuel \V . 
Harrison, his family an<l some of iiis ances- 
tors lie in this spot, but no man can now find 
the |)lace of their sepulchre. A branch of the 
Ellis family had a small buria'.-phice on part 
of the estate near where Samuel Heulings re- 
sides, a short distance east of the Iladdonfield 
and Moorestown road, in Delaware township. 
No care has been tidcen of it for many years 
and the graves are scarcely noticeable. 



400 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COTTNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Ou tlie farm now owned by Joshua Pea- 
cock, in Delaware townsliip, and on the east 
side of the Haddoufield and Berlin road, 
and ck)se beside the old Egg Harbor road, 
is said to have been an Indian burial-place. 
There is no doubt that a large settlement of 
aborigines was near by, which gives color to 
the tradition. The Kays, the Bateses and 
the Matlaeks owned the lands adjacent, and 
there may have been some of these interred 
there. No trace of the graves can now be 
seen. 

Within the bounds of Camden City were 
two or three grave-yards, now entirely lost 
sight of. The progress of improvement 
crowded tliem out several years since, and 
but few of this generation can point out their 
locality. Some bodies were removed, but 
many, whose friends had left the neighbor- 
liood, still remain. Streets and buildings 
now cover these burial-places, and but few 
years will pass away when not a tradition 
will be I'emembered by the oldest inhabitant 
of their locality, or who was there buried. 
The aggressive and uneasy spirit of the 
American people allows nothing to hinder its 
advancement, not even those aasociations and 
memories that may surround the graves of 
our ancestors. 

On a farm in Delaware township, and near 
the county line between Camden and Burling- 
ton, are a few graves with luonumeuts, known 
as the Inskeep grave-yard. The estate was 
formerly owned in part l)y Abraham Inskeep, 
one of that family, and where some of them 



and others of the ncighliorhood were Ijuried. 
It is inclosed and is well cared for. 

In early times the luskeeps, the Hootens, 
the Wills, the Kves and the Evanses inhal)ited 
that region, and their dead may have been 
buried tliere. Under the regulation in tiie 
Society of Friends regarding graye-stones, 
graves and even " family rows " were event- 
ually lost sight of 

Owing to some neigiiborhood difficulty 
about burials in the old yard not necessarx'' 
to be recounted here, Jauies Sloan founded a 
burial-yard in 1790 adjoining the old New- 
ton gra\'e-yard. It has many graves and 
grave-stones within the walls, but much 
neglected, and the gates i)eing broken, is open 
to cattle and other marauders. Portions of 
the Shivers, the Ilinehman, the Eastlack, 
tlie Heritage, the Collings, the Coojier and 
other families lie buried there. 

About the year 1793 John Iludderow es- 
tablished a burial-place on his own land and 
near his house in Stockton (then Waterford) 
townsliip, and where the Church road comes 
into the Camden and Moorestown turnpike, 
at Merchantville. The interments were con- 
fined strictly to his own family, but after his 
death no more burials were made there. 
Within a few years all the graves were 
oj)ened and the bodies removed to the old 
Kudderow lot at Colestown. Since then th'- 
land has been used for agricultural ])urposes, 
and, in the extension of the thrifty town of 
Merchantvilie, will snon be built ujioii and 
lost sight of. 



HISTORY 



CITIES, BOROUGHS AND TOWNSHIPS 



CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



f H A P T E R I. 



EAELY HISTORY OF THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 

Introductiou — Early Settlonieuts aucl Subsequent Transfers of Land 
on the Site of Camden— Early SetHements and Transfers of Land 
on the Site of Sonth Camden —Firm Town Ptan of Camden — 
Coopers Hill — Tlie Kalghn Estate — Fettc-rsvijle -Sturkton — 
Kaighnsville. 



During the last decade the manufacturing and 
business interests of Camden have very largely 
increased and developed. Many new industries 
have lately been established, until now the full 
force of its life is i)lainly observable to many of 
the older inhabitants, who remember Camden as a 
small village. 

Could the first settlers upon the site of the city 
Introduction.— A little more than two centu- now look upon the industry and energy that have 
ries ago the fertile lands now covered by the beau- asserted their power in the rumble of ponderous 
tiful and prosperous city of Camden were lirst machinery, the whistle of the high-spirited iron 
permanently occupied by white settlers. During horse, the hum and whir of revolving wheels, the 
the century succeeding this event, New Jersey, as stately magnificence of some of the public institu- 
well as all the other American colonies, was under tions, the comfortable homes and beautiful streets 
the control of the English government. About and the improvement in the modes of life and liv- 
the time the great struggle between the colonies i„g, they would feel gratified that their children's 
and their mother country began, an enterprising grandchildren and those cotemporary with them 
and progressive descendant of one of the first are so bountifully favored in this land of freedom 
settlers conceived the idea of planning a town on and independence, of which they were the hardy 
the east bank of the Delaware, opjjosite what was pioneers. 

then the largest city on the American continent, The census table below was prepared from ofti- 

and now its greatest manufacturing centre. Im- cial reports, and will enable the reader to observe 
bucd with the same patriotic spirit as his friends and the changes in the population of the city of Cam- 
associates, he named his new town Camden, in den at the dates given. The increase during the 
honor of Charles Pratt, Earl of Camden, a dis- hist decade has been truly wonderful. With the 
tinguished lawyer and statesman. Lord Chancellor healthful situation, beautiful surroundings, prox- 
of England in ITIit?, and President of the Council jmity to Philadelphia, rapid development of the 
in 1782. The Earl of Camden was the firm and manufacturing interests, well-managed ferries, ex- 
liberal friend of the American colonies during the cellent schools, fine churches, an enterprising press, 
whole period of their struggle for independence. and intelligent and cultured society, Camden gives 
He boldly opposed the policy of the King and his " promise, within the next half century, to many 
ministers, and openly expressed his sympathy for times double its present population, and hold high 
the Americans. rank among the leading cities of the Union. 

The growth of Camden during the first eighty 
years of its history was slow but sure, like that of js.jj , jj., 

the century plant. It existed for a long period as i»3o 1,987 

a small collection of houses near theferries, toward '^'''' -''■^■" 

which most of the travel of West Jersey was then ,„:;,, ^[y_'']^^ ,j',,j 

directed on its way to the city of Philadelphia. issa 11,217 



ISOli 14,^(1)8 

1865 18,315 

187U ».0,0-15 

1875 33,852 

1880.... 41,109 

1885...'. 52i884 

403 



404 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



CITY OF CAMDEN 





1850 I 1855 

■iV20 2463 
2S5I1 426r, 
4242, 4489 


1860 


1865 


1870 


North Warrt 


4141 1 6396 
5051: 5545 
5176' 7372 


6666 
6684 




6695 






Total 


96)8 11,217 


14,36818,313 


20,045 



First Ward 

iSecond Ward .... 

Third Ward 

Fourth Ward... 

Fifth Ward 

Sixth Ward 

Seventh Wartl.. 
Eighth Ward.... 



Total.. 



.5932 
3946 
3031 
6261 
5267 
3480 
3760 



53,8 



The Early .Settlements and Transfers or 
Land on the Site of North Camden. — The 
first known settlements on the Delaware River 
within the limits of Camden were made by Rich- 
ard Arnold' and William Cooper, before the land 
they located had been surveyed to them and be- 
fore the Dublin colony, composed mostly of Eng- 
lish Friends who had fled from England to Dub- 
lin to avoid persecution, had located inland from 
the river, between Newton and Coopers Creeks. 
It would appear from the order given below that 
the number of Friends living along the river was 
sufficient to warrant the yearly meeting held at 
Thomas Gardiner's house, in Burlington, the. 'ith ol' 
Seventh Month (September), 1681, to grant per- 
mission, as follows : 

"Ordered that Friends of Pyne Point have a 
meeting on every Fourth day, and to begin at the 
Second hour, at Richard Arnold's House." The 
Richard Arnold here mentioned lived on the river- 
bank, a short distance above the mouth of Newton 
Creek, although he did not receive title until 
March 1, 1702, when two hundred acres were sur- 
veyed to him. His house is marked on the map 
made by Thomas Sharp in 1700. He sold this 
building the same year to Martin Jarvis, who had 
purchased the year previous two hundred and 
twenty-two acres of the adjoining land bounding on 
Coopers Creek. The name of Arnold disappcai-s ■ 
from this time in the history of the territory now 
Camden County. 

The next resident on the site of Camden, .so far 
as known, was William (!ooper. He was born in 
England in lti32, and for many years prior to his 
emigration had resided at Coleshill, in the parish 
of Araer.'^ham, county of Hertford, where, early in 
the history of the Society of Friends, he became a 



convinced member of that religious body. He is 
styled in various deeds and in his will as " Yeo- 
man." Upperside Monthly Meeting, to which he 
belonged, contained within its limits the home of 
William Penn, whose projects for a settlement on 
the Delaware thus became well known to its mem- 
bers, and William Cooper, attracted by the pros- 
pects, and wearied by religious persecution at 
home, concluded to emigrate thither in the early 
part of 1679, with his wife, Margaret, and five chil- 
dren. He brought with him a certificate from Up- 
perside Monthly Meeting, setting forth '' that the 
said William Cooper and Margaret, his wife, hav- 
ing lived in these parts for many years, ever since 
the first of their convincement, have walked con- 
scientiously and honorably amongst us, agreeably 
to the profession and testimony of truth, according 
to the best of our observation and knowledge of 
th^m." 

He arrived at Burlington in the spring or sum- 
mer of 1679, and soon after located fifty acres of 
land within the town limits, and had the same 
surveyed and returned to himself by deed dated 
October T), 1680. On this land he built his first 
home and temporarily settled his family. During 
the same year, no doubt conversant with the pro- 
ject of planting a city near Shackama.xon (now 
Kensington, Philadelphia), he located a tract of 
three hundred acres immediately opposite, at the 
junction of the Delaware with Aroches Creek, 
which now bears his name, and obtained a certi- 
ficate for the same from the commissioners June 
12,1682. He built his second house and estab- 
lished his family on a high bank above Coopers 
Point, called by him Pyne Point, from a dense pine 
forest which then grew there. This site is now 
washed away and is near where Fifth Street 
touches the river. "The remains of this house," 
says Mickle, writing in 1844, "were visible a few 
years ago." It was bnili, according to reliable 
family tradition, of brown sand-stone, which, nn 
doubt, was quarried at Pea Shore, north of the 
creek. It had a stone portico, and a door opened 
out from the second story hall to the roof of the 
portico. Benjamin Franklin, who was a guest 
there nearly a century after it was built, styles it 
" a large house." His son .Joseph, a few years later, 
liuilt a h((Use a short distance east of his father's, 
on the blutl' near the creek, and that, too, has dis- 
ai)pcared. 

On his arrival the |>lace he selected was occupied 
by a small band of friendlylndians, under a chief 
named Arasapha. The title to the hind on the 
Delaware between Oldmans Creek and Rancocas 
Creek had been purchased of the Indians in 1677, 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



405 



but William Cooper extinguislied what rights they 
still might possess at Pyne Point by a conveyance 
from the chief Arasapha. This deed was a few 
years ago in the possessinu of Joseph VI. Cooper, 
but is now unfortunately lost. Intercourse be- 
tween Shackamaxon, wheret he pioneers of Penn's 
colony, under Fairman, the surveyor, and Mark- 
ham, the deputy-governor, and Pyne Point had 
long been established by canoe ferry between the 
Indian settlements at those places, and the settlers 
(in both sides of the river could therefore well 
meet together for religious worship. 

At a Yearly Meeting of Friends held at Salem, 
Second Month 11, 1682, for both Jersies and Penn- 
sylvania, it was therefore ordered "that the 
Friends at (Pyne Point) and those at Shakomaxin 
do meet together once a month on the 2'^ and 4"' day 
in every month, the first meeting to beheld at Wil- 
liam Cooper's, at Pyne Point, the 2'' and 4"' day of 
the 3'^ month next, and the next meeting to be at 
Thomas Fairman's, at Shakomaxin, and so in 
course." This meeting was alternately held at 
Cooper's house until the arrival of Penn, when it 
was removed to Philadelphia. There was also a 
gathering for worship at the house of Mark New- 
bie, on Newton- Creek, of which Thomsis Sharp, in 
his narrative of the establishment of the Newton 
Meeting, says : " Immediately there was a meeting 
sett up and kept at the house of Mark Newbie, 
and in a sliort time it grew and increased, unto 
which William Cooper and family, that live at the 
I'cjint, resorted, and sometimes the meeting was 
kept at his housse, who had been settled sometime 
before." When the meeting-house was built, in 
1(184, at Newton, William Cooper was appointed 
one of the trustees, and they continued the trust 
to Joseph Cooper, his son, and others in 1708. It 
was built on the land of Thomas Thackara, be- 
tween the houses of Zane and Thackara, and stood 
until destroyed by fire, December 22,1817. 

William Cooper was present at the treaty of 
I'cnn with the Indians in 1682 at Shackamaxon, 
opiiosite his house. He was chosen one of the 
members of Assembly from the Third or Irish 
Tenth in 1682-83 and also in 1685. In 1687 he 
was appointed by the Assembly of the province 
one of the Council of Proprietors. He was a com- 
missioner for the division of lands, and in an indi- 
vidual capacity, also acted as attorney for many 
Friends in England and Ireland in the purchase 
and location of land. In 1694 he was appointed 
judge of the County Court of Gloucester and con- 
tinued in that capacity several years. His position 
among Friends is set forth in the testimony issued 
by the meeting after his death as " having been 
48 



raised to his gift of exhortation in Hartfordshire, 
England, and lived here in Godly conversation, 
exercising his gift in the meeting at Newton, 
whereunto he belonged, to the betictit of God's 
people until it pleased (iod to remove him. As he 
lived so he died in unity with Friends and in full 
assurance of his eternal well-being." In 1685 he 
had located four hundred and twenty-nine acres of 
land on the north side of Coopers Creek, in Water- 
ford (now Delaware) township, where he erected a 
house and out-buildings and having removed thither 
about 1708, died there on the 11th day of First 
Month (March) 1710. His will bears date March 
7, 1709, and was probated March 20, 1710, twenty- 
one days later (the first of the year at that time be- 
ginning March 25th). The history of the early 
settlement of Camden is so interwoven with the 
acquisition and transfer of land within its limits, 
largely made by William Coojjer and his descend- 
ants, that a skeleton genealogical chart of the first 
four generations is given on page 406 to elucidate 
the descriptions in this article. 

The land on which Camden is situated was origi- 
nally surveyed in several large tracts, as follows — 
(given in order ;is they lie contiguous on the river 
and creek-fronts). The tract of three hundred acres 
r<ir which William Cooper obtained title on the 
12th June, 1682, was situated on the Delaware and 
Coopers Creek, and includes what has since been 
distinctively known as " Coopers Point." Next be- 
low on the Delaware was a tract of four hundred 
andfifty acres which extended eastward to Coopers 
Creek and had been surveyed, September 20, 1681, 
to William Roydon, "a citizen and groier of Lon- 
don," who came to this country some time after 
the London and Yorkshire commissioners, and upon 
this land the nrigiuLd town of Camden was subse- 
quently laid out. 

William Cooper's tract had not tlu'n been stir- 
veyed, but application therefor had doubtless been 
made, for when the lines of his survey were fixed, 
June 12, 1682, he made complaint that Roydon's 
survey extended upon his land. This was [irobably 
when Roydon was absent in England, as he visited 
there several times within a few years, and u[ion 
his return refused to accept any change. 

On June 26, 1688, Roydon sold three hundred 
acres of his survey to Zachariah Whitpaine, it 
being on the north side, and the north line he made 
to conform to his original survey. Whitpaine 
gave a mortgage for the original purcluusc money, 
and as he did not meet his payments it w:is for- 
feited to Roydon, who, April 1, 1692, sold the same 
to John Tysack, who sold it, December 25, lti97, 
to Anna Nore, whose heirs, January 24, 1720, con- 






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THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



407 



vcyed to Jonathan Dickinson. lie died in 1722, 
and it passed to his son, Jonatlian Diclvinson,\vho 
January 17, 1723, sold it to William Cooper, son 
of Daniel and grandson of William, to whom had 
ilcscended his grandfather's title to the adjoining 
land and thus ended the dispute on tlie boundary 
lietween the Roydim and Cooper surveys. 

( )n November 9, 16S1, Roydon sold fifty aci'es 
of his tract, on the lower side reaching to the 
river, to Kichard Watt. The north line of this 
fifty acres afterward became the boundary line of 
the Cooper and Kaighn estates, and is now known 
as Line Street in the city of Camden. On the 1st 
day of First Month, 1688, Roydon was granted a 
license to keej) a ferry from Philadelphia to the 
Jersey shore, where he had built a house, it having 
i)een "judged that William Roydon's house was 
convenient and ye said William Roydon a person 
suitable for that employ." After his sale of land to 
Tysack, in 1092, he returned to England and died 
there the same year. 

Lying between tlie larger tracts of Cooper and 
Roydon was a small wedge-shaped piece of lan<l 
of twenty-eight acres, with its base resting on the 
Delaware, which was surveyed to John White, 
November, 1G83. On the south of the Roydon 
jiurchase, and lying on the river, was a large tract 
of five hundred acres which was located by Wil- 
liam Cooper as the attorney for Samuel Norris, to 
whom it was surveyed in May, 1(385, and extended 
southward along the river and then from the river- 
front* eastward to Little Newton Creek, or Kaighn's 
Run, with its northeast angle nearly t(mching 
Coopers Creek. 

Next below the Norris tract was one hundred 
acres of meadow land, on both sides of Kaighn's 
Run, which was located March 9, 1(381, by the 
Dublin emigrants who settled at Newton. East of 
Kaighn's Run, and reaching down to the river, on 
tlie south side of the Newton meadow land, was lo- 
cated five hundred acres, by Robert Turner, May, 
1685. Next below was the two hundred acre tract of 
Richard Arnold, before mentioned, on which he 
lived, probably as early as 1080. The next survey on 
(he river, and extending up Newton Creek to the 
mouth of its north branch and along that branch, 
contained two hundred and twenty acres, and was 
also made by Robert Turner, Twelfth Month 27, 
1().H7. Farther up the north branch of Newton 
Creek, and east of the Turner survey, was a tract f)f 
three hundred and fifty acres, surveyed, March 6, 
1682, to Mark Newbie, a part of which is now in 
the cast part of the city limits. North and east of 
the Newbie, Turner and Norris tracts, and bor- 
dering on Coopers Creek, lay a tract of five hun- 



dred acres which w;is surveyed to Robert Tunier 
in July, 1088. 

Of those who, as above stated, originally located 
the land, William Cooper was the only one who 
made substantial improvements, and with bis 
family settled and retained permanent ownership. 
In addition to his survey of three hundred acres at 
the "Poynt," he aciiuired title, January S, 1089, 
to the twenty-eight acres located by John Winter, 
lying .south of his tract and on the river. This 
wedge-shaped piece of land had jiassed from White 
to John Langhurst, and later to Roydon, who sold 
to Cooper on the date mentioned. William 
Cooper also obtained, through several conveyan- 
ces, the fifty acres fronting on the river adjoin- 
ing his other land, wdiich Roydon had sold to 
Samuel Carpeuter, April 20, 1689. He disposed of 
all his real estate at the point between the river 
and creek, by various deeds of gift, before his 
death, to his children and grandchildren, the last 
gift being a small tract of thirty-eight acres on 
Coopers Creek, adjoining Roydon's survey, wdiich 
he granted to his grandsons — John (son of 
William) and Joseph, Jr. (son of Joseph)— as joint 
tenants, and they, in 1715, sold and conveyed the 
same to their cousin William, son of Daniel. His 
land, with the house thereon, in Burlington, he 
presented by deed to his daughter Hannah, wife 
of John Woolston, Sr. 

William Cooper, Jr. (born 1660, died 1091), the 
eldest son of William the emigrant, married, in 
1082, Mary, the daughter of Edward and Mary 
Bradway, of Salem, and the young couple settled 
in that town. He died in 1091, leaving three 
children, — John, Hannah and Mary. His widow 
intermarried the next year with William Kenton, 
of Choptank Meeting, Maryland, and the three 
children were fostered and cared for by their 
grandfather Cooper at the "Poynt." John was 
provided with a farm, as above stated, and did not 
change his residence until after his grandfather's 
death. He mai'ried, at Chesterfield Meeting, Anne 
Clarke in 1712, and settled in Deptford township. 
Old (iloucester County. Hannah married, in 
1704, at her grandfather's house at the "Poynt," 
John, the eldest son of Archibald Mickle, and they 
settled on Newton Creek, within the town bounds of 
Gloucester. Mary appears to have accompanied her 
grandfather when he removed to his farm at Cooper- 
town, on the Waterford side of the creek, where he 
died, for she was married, 1707, at the house of her 
testamentary guardian, John Kay, near EUi.sburg, 
to lienjamin, son and heir of Thomas Thackara, of 
Newton, the pioneer. They resided on the Thackara 
property on the middle hranili of Newton Creek. 



408 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COITXTY, NEW JBRSKY. 



Josepli Cooper (born l&iCi, died ]7P>1), second 
son of William, the emigrant, married, 1688, 
Lydia Riggs, a member of the Philadelphia Meet- 
ing of Friends. They resided on Coopers Creek, 
just east of the residence of his father. They had 
seven children, — Elizabeth, who married Samuel 
Mickle and died without issue; Joseph, Jr., who 
married, first, Mary Hudson, and, second, Han- 
nah Dent ; Lydia, who married John Cox and 
died without issue ; Hannah, who married Alex- 
ander Morgan ; Benjamin, who was three times 
married : first to Rachel Mickle, secondly to Han- 
nah Carlisle (a widow ji^c Clarke), .ind thirdly to 
Elizabeth Burcham (a widow nee Cole); Sarah, who 
married Joshua Raper; and Isaac, who married 
Hannah Coates. 

The first purchase of land made by Joseph 
Cooper, son of William, of which we have record, 
was effected June 12, 1G97, when .loshua and 
Abraham Carpenter conveyed to him the tract con- 
taining four hundred and twenty-three acres, be- 
ing the greater part of the Turner survey, located 
in .luly, 1685, lying on the south side of Coopers 
Creek, and deeded by Turner, December 30, 1693, 
to the Carpenters, — a tract still locally known as 
the Carpenter tract. The remainder of the Turner 
survey Joseph had purchased a short time before 
of John Colk-y,and on the 13th of December, 1702, 
he purchased ten acres adjoining this land of 
Archibald Mickle. These three pieces of land, 
purchased of Carpenter, Colley and Mickle, as 
stated, Joseph Cooper conveyed to his son Joseph, 
Jr., by deed dated June 16, 1714. 

Joseph Cooper, Jr. (born 1691, died 1749), 
married, 1713, Mary Hudson, daughter of William 
and Hannah, of Philadelphia. She died 1728, 
leaving him one child, Mary, who married, 1737, 
Jacob Howell, Jr. Mary Howelldiedbeforeherhus- 
band, leaving to his care three daughters — Lydia, 
who married John Wharton ; Hannah, who died 
unmarried; and Mary, who married Benjamin 
Swett. In his will Joseph, Jr., directed that a 
tract of five hundred acres, on the north side of 
the south branch of Coopers Creek, which came to 
him from his grandfather, William, the emigrant, 
should be divided into three jnirts for the use and 
benefit of his three granddaughters. By his sec- 
ond wife, Hannah Dent, there was no issue. The 
large tract of four hundred and thirty acres, on 
south side of Coopers Creek, deeded to him by his 
father in 1714, passed under his will to his younger 
brother, Isaac Cooper and the same has since passed 
through an heir, female, to the descendants of Israel 
Cope, of Philadelphia. Joseph Coojjer, Jr., rep- 
resented his district in the State Ijcgislature for 



nineteen years, and held other important oflicial 
and religious trusts. He died Eighth Month 1, 
1749. 

Joseph Cooper, Sr., son of William, purchased 
one hundred and sixty-seven acres of land (ad- 
joining the Turner .survey) and other lands of Jo- 
seph Dole, November 19, 1723, and conveyed the 
same, January 27, 1728, to his son, Isaac Cooper, 
who, by will d.ated in 1765, devised it to his son 
Marmaduke, who, upon obtaining po.sse.ssion, built 
the two-story and attic brick building, with exten- 
sion. This residence still stands on the Haddon 
pike, near Coopers Creek and west of the Harleigh 
Cemetery. These lands have also passed to the 
name Cope. 

Marmaduke Cooper, the only son of Isaac and 
Hannah (Coates) Cooper, married Mary Jones, 
daughter of Aquila and Elizabeth Jones, and had 
Lydia, who died 1817, aged twenty-nine, unmar- 
ried ; Hannah, who died 1851, aged seventy-one, 
unmarried ; Margaret, born 1781, who married 
Israel Cope, of Philadelphia; Isaac, born 1785, 
died 1844, unmarried ; Elizabeth, who died 1811, 
aged twenty-one, unmarried ; Ann, who died in 
1816, aged twenty-four, unmarried; and Joseph, 
born 1794, who died in his minority and unmar- 
ried. Marmaduke, by will, October 21, 1795, de- 
vised all of his lands in Newton township to his 
son Joseph (born 1794), who died in his minority 
and unmarried, when it passed to Isaac (born 
1785), who died in 1844, also unmarried, when the 
s.ame fell by inheritance to Hannah, the surviving 
sister of Isaac, and to the children of his deceased 
sister, Margaret Cope. Israel and Margaret 
(Cooper) Cope had five children — Mary Ann, who 
married Stephen P. Morris and died without issue; 
Marmaduke C, who married Sarah Wistar ; Eme- 
tine, who died unmarried; Elizabeth C, who 
married William M. Collins; and Lydia, who 
died unmarried. 

Joseph Cooper, Sr., received from his father, 
William, the first settler, by deed dated August 
24, 1700, a tract of land of one hundred and sixty- 
four acres and " his house in which he liveth," on 
Coopers Creek, being part of the original survey, 
and on the 18th of February, 1708, his father con- 
veyed to him two hundred and twelve acres of 
land at Coopers Point, being the remainder of the 
original survey, together with all appurtenances, 
etc., and oii the 2d of May, 1728, Joseph Cooper, 
Sr., conveyed the last- mentioned tract of two hun- 
dred and twelve acres to his son, Benjamin Cooper. 

Benjamin Cooper, son of Josci)li, Sr., was three 
times married, as heretofore stated. By his first 
wife (Rachel Mickle) he had two daughters, both 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



409 



of whom married Woods, of Philadeli)hia. J?y 
his second wife (Haniiali) there was no issue, and 
it was during this marriage, or in contemplation 
of this marriage with Hannah Carlisle, that he 
erected the brick mansion at the Point, which 
bears on its gable end the legend, "B. + H. C, 
1734." By his third wife (Elizabeth Cole) he had 
seven children — Joseph, of Newton, born 1735, 
married Elizabeth Haines and died childless; 
Benjamin, of Haddonfield, born 1737, married 
Prudence Barton ; James, of Philadelphia, born 
17311, married Sarah Erwin, and, secondly, Han- 
nah Saunders; Samuel, of Newton, born 1744, 
married Prudence Brown; William, of Waterford, 
l>orn 174('>, married Ann Folwell ; Isaac, of Phila- 
delphia, born 1751, married Elizabeth Lippincott; 
and Elizabeth, born 1750, married George Budd. 

The old dwelling-house of Benjamin Cooper, 
mentioned above, still standing near the corner of 
Point and Erie Streets, being surrounded by a gar- 
den of several acres, was in later years used as a 
pleasure resort by the old residents of Camden Vil- 
lage, Kaighnton, Dogwoodtown, Fettersville and 
Coopers Ferry. Many of the old trees and a por- 
tion of the shrubbery of this garden may yet be 
seen, but are now on the property of house-owners 
in the vicinity. The mansion is birilt of stone, has 
two stories and attic, with hip-roof and dormer- 
windows. The dimensions are twenty-four by for- 
ty-five feet, with L extension of stone and brick 
twenty-four by twenty-seven feet, and on the front 
and river-side are wide piazzas. There are fifteen 
large rooms in the mansion. It was used in 1778 
by the British General Abercrombie as his head- 
quarters, and when not occupied by their forces, 
was a favorite target for the practice of the Eng- 
lish cannoneers from the Pennsylvania side of the 
river. In the attic is a red-oak girder cut and 
splintered by a twelve-pound shot which entered 
the roof, struck the girder and fell to the floor. 
This shot is in possession of Samuel C. Cooper, of 
State Street. This mansion was long the residence 
of Joseph and Elizabeth (Haines) Cooper, he be- 
ing the eldest son of Benjamin. 

The two hundred and twelve acres of land which 
Benjamin obtained from his father, Joseph, Sr., 
was conveyed by him to his sons Joseph and Sam- 
uel, the bulk of the property, one hundred and 
twenty-two acres, going to Josei^h, by deed dated 
July 31, 1762, but Samuel, in 1G69, received in ad- 
dition forty-four acres, at and near the ferry, to- 
gether with all ferry rights and privileges, and the 
next year he built the brick ferry-house, which 
bearsin its gable-walls the initials " S. -f- P. C, 1770," 
which stands for Samuel and Prudence Cooper. 



.losepli Cooper, son of Benjamin, built upon his 
one hundred and twenty-two acres, at the Point, 
the brick house near the river at the head of Third 
Street. It is constructed of English brick, alter- 
nately red and white, and has two stories and an 
attic, thirty-six by eighteen feet, and contains 
nine rooms. A lean-to at the rear is fourteen by 
eighteen and one story high. It contains the re- 
mains of the old Dutch bake-oven of the period 
when the house was built. On the north end, work- 
ed in black bricks, is seen the inscription, 

C which, interjjreted, means Jo.seph and Eliz- 
I -|- E abeth (Haines) Cooper. The house is pop- 
17SS ularly known as the ICE-house, and is now 
dilapidated and unoccupied. Joseph Coop- 
er, by deeil dated November 17, 1817, devised the 
said one hundred and twenty-two acres to his 
grand-nephew, Joseph W. Cooper, son of William," 
son of Samuel. -- 

The house built by Samuel Cooper was the sec- 
ond ferry-house built at the Point. It has two 
stories and an attic, with dormer-windows, built of 
old English red and black brick, and has a front 
of sixty-three feet on State Street, with an L ex- 
tension on the side next to the river, making the 
entire length seventy-five feet. There are twenty- 
four large rooms in this mansion, which is still in 
good condition, has been known as Coopers Point 
Hotel, and in part is now used as offices of the 
Camden and Atlantic Railroad Company. 

Samuel Cooper, son of Benjamin and Elizabeth 
(Cole) Cooper, was born Ninth Month 25, 1744, 
and died Sixth Month 25, 1812. He married, .at 
Evesham Meeting, in 17()6, Prudence, daughter of 
William and Elizabeth (Haines) Brown, of Notting- 
ham, Pa. His wife. Prudence, survived him, 
and died Eighth Month 14, 1822. For many 
years they had resided on his farm called " Plea- 
sant View," now Pavonia, in Stockton town- 
ship. They had children, — Joseph, born 17G7, 
married Sarah P. Buckley, of New York ; Wil- 
liam, married Rebecca Wills ; Mary, born 1700, 
married Richard M. Cooper, of Camden ; Sarah, 
married Henry Hull, a minister, of New Y'ork ; 
Benjamin, born 1775, married Elizabeth Wills; 
and Elizabeth, who died unmarried. When Sam- 
uel withdrew from business, about 1790, and re- 
tired to " Pleasant View," he turned over the con- 
trol and management of the upper ferry and the 
ferry property to his son William, and during the 
same period the lower ferry, at Cooper Street,' 
was owned and managed by a cousin bearing the 
same name, — William, the son of Daniel. • 

William, the manager of the upper ferry, at the 
Point, was an active business man, and kept pace 



410 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



with tlie progress of the times in all things that 
pertained to and facilitated ferrying. In later years 
he leased the ferry and the ferry-house, and re- 
sided in the old brick house on State Street, built 
in 17cS9, and now occupied by Mrs. Sarah Gaskill 
and Rachel Cooper, his daughters. The ferry and 
the ferry property eventually passed to Joseph W. 
Cooper, son of the last-named William, who con- 
tinued it until the property was obtained and in- 
corporated by the Coopers Point Ferry Company. 
The land lying along the south side of the ferry 
property was left by William Cooper (son of Sam- 
uel), of the upper ferry, to his two grandsons, Wil- 
liam and Samuel, the sons of Samuel H. Cooper, 
who married Hannah Wood, and deceased in year 
1827, and before his father, William, who died 
Ninth Month 27, 1849. 

The title to the bulk of the property h ing north 
of Birch and Pearl Streets and west of the Isaac 
Cooper estate, has passed through, or is still re- 
tained in, the following lines, descending from the 
above Samuel and Prudence Cooper : 

First line. — Joseph and Sarah P. (Buckley) 
Cooper, had one posthumnns child, .Tnseph 15. 
(born 1794, died 1802), who married Hannah Wills 
and left two sons — (1) Charles M., (2) Joseph B. 

Second line. — William and Rebecca (Wills) 
Cooper had eight children — I. Samuel H. (born 
1797, died 1827), who married Hannah Wood and 
left two sons (1) William, (2) Samuel ; II. Joseph 
W. (born 1799, died 1871), who married Rebecca 
F. Champion and had eight children — (1) Joseph, 
(2) Elizabeth C, (3) Samuel C, (4) Anna M., (5) 
Mary, (6) Joseph W., (7) Ellen C. and (8) Walter 
M. ; III. Mary W., who married William F. 
Reeve; IV. Hannah, died unmarried; V. Eliza- 
beth H., who married Isaac H. Wood ; VI. Sarah, 
who married Charles C. Gaskill ; VII. Rachel ; 
VIII. Prudence B., who married Emmor Reeve. 

Third line. — Benjamin (born 1775, died 1842), 
who married Elizabeth Wills and had six children 
— I. Samuel, who died unmarried; II. Rebecca W., 
who married John M.Kaighn ; III. Prudence, who 
died unmarried ; IV. Benjamin W., who married 
Lydia Lippincott and had (1) Samuel, (2) Benja- 
min, (3) Clayton, (4) Anna ; V. William B., who 
married Phebe Mendenhall, nee Emlen. 

Samuel C. Coo])cr, lawyer, of State Street, is 
the son of Joseph W.Cooper, deceased, who was 
the devisee of his great uncle, Josejih Cooper. 
The lands at the Point, north of I'earl Street, were 
laid out in town lots in 1852 by the heirs of William 
Cooper, and by Joseph W. Cooper. The property 
lying east of the Joseph W. Cooper tract is hehl by 
the heirs of Isaac Cooper, son of Jo.seph, Sr. 



Daniel Cooper, the youngest son of William 
Cooper, the first settler, was about seven years of 
age when he came with his parents to this county. 
When twenty years of age, and in 1693, he married 
Abigail, daughter of Henry Wood, who then re- 
sided on the north side of Coopers Creek, near the 
home of Lemuel Horner. On March 16, 1095, 
William conveyed to his son Daniel, " in consider- 
ation of y'' natural love and affection which I have 
and bear toward my son Daniel Cooper, and for 
and towards y'' preferring and advancement of him 
in y"" world, &c., all that dwelling-house upon Del- 
aware River wherein my said son now dwelleth, 
together with 114 acres of land thereto adjoining, 
which said premises were by me formerly pur- 
chiused of William Roydon." This passed the ferry 
rights and privileges which had been granted to 
Roydon by the Gloucester County Court in 1088, 
the franchise extending from Coopers Creek to 
Newton Creek. In 1717 the Legislature of Penn- 
sylvania passed an act establishing a ferry to 
" Daniel Cooper's landing," and January 21, 1739, 
all of these rights were confirmed by royal jiatent 
to William Cooper, son of Daniel, and a monojioly 
thereby created giving the exclusive right of ferry 
for two miles above and two miles below, without 
limit of time add for a nominal tax. The above- 
mentioned conveyance of William Cooper to his 
son Daniel also included four separate parcels of 
land situated on Coopers Creek, Timber Creek, 
and the Delaware River, amounting together to 
about one thousand acres. 

Abigail, the wife of Daniel Cooper, died the 
next year after marriage, leaving one child, 
William, who became the heir of his father's 
estate, and from whom all the Coopers in this 
line living in this vicinity descend. In 1695 
Daniel married Sarah Spiccr, the daughter of 
Samuel, who lived on the north side of Coopers 
Creek, adjoining Henry Wood. By her he had 
two children, Samuel and Daniel, and died in 
1715 intestate, his eldest son, William, by the 
English law of primogeniture, inheriting his es- 
tate, which had been kept intact as conveyed to 
him by his father, the first William, in 1095. 
Prompted by a sense of fairness, William conveyed 
of his inheritance to his half-brothers, Sanuiel 
and William respectively, two hundred and 
twenty-seven acres in Waterford townshij) and 
a large tract on the head-waters of the north 
branch of Coopers Creek. On March 20, 1715, — 
the year of his father's death — William purchased 
thirty-eight acres fronting on Coopers Creek. In 
1722 he bought out and obtained relesises from the 
residuarv devisees of all interests and claims on the 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



411 



estate of their grandfather William, the first settler, 
and in 1723, as mentioned above, the three hun- 
dred acres of the Roydou survey, thus vesting in 
himself nearly five hundred acres of tlic valuable 
Delaware River front lying between the present 
Line and Birch Streets, together with the ferry 
privileges originally obtained by Roydon in 1688. 
In 1744 he conveyed to his son Daniel one hundred 
acres, comprising land mostly below or south of 
Plum (now Arch) Street, and in 1764 one hundred 
acres lying between Plum and Cooper Streets to his 
sou Jacob, who, in 1773, laid out forty acres of the 
same into a town i)lot and gave it the luime of 
Camden. 

William Cooper (born 1694, died 1767), son of 
Daniel, had by his first wife, Deborah Medcalf, five 
children, — Daniel married Mary West, Jacob mar- 
ried Mary Corker, Abigail married William Fisher, 
Deborah married Restore Lip|iincott and Mary 
married Jonathan Lynn, — and by a second wife 
Mary Rawle, he had one child, Rebecca, who died 
unmarried. 

During the latter part of his life he resided in 
Philadelphia, where he owned considerable real 
estate. By his will the balance of his Delaware 
front estate, lying north of Cooper Street to Pearl 
Street and from the river to Seventh Street, passed 
to his grandson, William, the eldest sou of his son 
Daniel. 

Daniel Cooper, who, as above mentioned, re- 
ceived one hundred acres from his father, William, 
in 1744, built the large brick house lately known 
as Parson's Hotel, now d'emolished, near the cor- 
ner of Front and Federal Streets, where lie re- 
sided. On its gable was inscribed the initials, " D. 
C. M., 1764," — i. e. Daniel and Mary Cooper. 
Daniel Cooper, son of William, married Mary, 
daughter of Charles and Sarah (Parsons) West, of 
Philadelphia, and had three sons, — William, who 
married Abigail Matlaek ; James, who married 
Priscilla Burrough ; and Joshua, who married Abi- 
gail Stokes. 

His son William (born 1740, died 1787), who 
married Abigail Matlaek, daughter of Richard and 
Mary (Wood) Matlaek, had five children, to wit : 
(1) Daniel (born 1766, died 1804), who married 
first Elizabeth Rogers, and secondly Deborah 
Middleton ; (2) Richard Matlaek Cooper (born 
1768, died 1844), who married Mary Cooper; (3) 
Charles W., who married Su.san Flemming, and 
died without issue ; (4) Mary, who married Sam- 
uel Volans of Philadelphia ; and (5) Sarah W., 
who married Samuel W. Fisher, of Philadelphia. 

By will dated February 15, 1768, Daniel Cooper 
devised the ferry (iroperty and adjacent land to his 



sons, William and Joshua. Daniel married Mary 
West, daughter of Charles West, of Philadelphia, 
aiul died in 177(), leaving three sons, — William, 
James and Joshua. Jacob Cooper, who received 
one hundred acres from his father, William, in 1764, 
after laying out the town plot of Camden, as men- 
tioned above, sold the remainder of his holding 
October 10, 1781, to his nephew, William Cooper, 
the son of his brother Daniel. This remainder 
lay mainly south of Federal Street to Line, and east 
of VVest Street, toward.i Coopers Creek, and is 
known as Coopers Hill, a name applied to that 
ground rising from the marsh west of Fourth 
Street, and south of Bridge Avenue, forming a 
knoll then covered with stately oak and pine-trees 
and having on the eastern slope a magnificent 
apple orchard. Upon this hill stands the City 
Hall, the Cooper Hospital, the Haddon Avenue 
Station and many fine private residences. In 1776 
Jacob Cooper gave to five trustees and their suc- 
cessors the lots on Plum (now Arch) Street, at the 
corner of Fifth and Sixth Streets, in trust to erect a 
place of worship and make a grave-yard. Joshua 
Cooper, the youngest son of Daniel, and grandson 
of Wm. Cooper, of Philadelphia, inherited fr(rai his 
father a portion of his land south from Plum 
Street (now Arch Street,) and in 1803 laid out a 
town plot adjoining that of his uncle Jacobs — town 
of Camden. He established the ferry at the foot of 
Federal Street, and placed it under the manage- 
ment of his son William, but fiually sold it to John 
1). Wessels. In 1818 Jo.shua conveyed to Edward 
Sharp ninety-eight acres of land lying along the 
river and south of F^ederal Street, which termi- 
nated his interest in this locality. He built and 
resided in the house No. 224 Federal Street, now 
occupied by the Camden Safe Deposit Company ; 
afterward removed with his family to New Albany, 
Ind. Wm. Cooper, the eldest son of Daniel, in- 
herit,ed fromhis grandfather, Wm. Cooper, of Phila- 
delphia, " the plantation called Cooper's Ferry, 
wherein my son Daniel now dwells," which, with 
other lands purchased from his uncle, Jacob 
Cooper, comprised the large territory extending 
from the Delaware River to Sixth Street, between 
Coojier and Pearl Streets, and from West Street to 
Coopers Creek, between Federal and Line Streets. 
He died in 1787, and by will divided the bulk of 
his real estate between his sons, Daniel and Rich- 
ard M. Cooper, the land at the foot of Cooper 
Street, to which belonged the ferry franchise, pjvss- 
ing to Daniel, who died intestate in 1804, leaving 
three daughters,— Mary Ann, who afterwards mar- 
ried William Carman, Abigail and Esther L., — 
whose shares in their father's estate were set off to 



412 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



them in severalty iu 1820, with the excei)tioii of 
the share of Mary Ann Carman, which was divided 
among and sold by her heirs. The remainder of 
Wm. Cooper's estate vesting in Richard M. Cooper 
and his nieces, Abigail and Esther L. Cooper, has 
been kept intact and managed as one property for 
their mutual benefit, first by Richard M. Cooper 
and after his death, in 1844, by his son, William 
D. Cooper, who had, in 184:2, laid out into town 
lots the land between West Street, Broadway, Pine 
Street and nearly to Benson Street, known as 
Cooper's Hill. The Cooper Street Ferry, after 
varying fortunes, with team and steamboats, wiis 
finally discontinued soon after the establishment of 
the West Jersey Ferry at the foot of Market Street, 
having been for many years an unprofitable asset 
of Abigail Cooper's share. 

The lands lying north of Cooper Street, between 
that street and Pearl Street, and eastward as far 
as Sixth Street, were laid out into town lots before 
1852, and mainly by Wm. D. Cooper. 

Richard M. Cooper (born 1768, died 1844) mar- 
ried Mary, daughter of Samuel and Prudence 
(Brown) Cooper, of Coopers Point, and they had 
children, — (1) Sarah West Cooper, who died 1880, 
unmarried ; (2) Elizabeth Brown Cooper ; (3) 
Caroline Cooper, who married John C. Hull, of 
New York City ; (4) Abigail Matlack Cooper, who 
married Richard Wright, of Philadelphia ; (.5) 
Alexander Cooper, who married first, Hannah 
Cooper, and secondly, Mary H. Kay, (wet- Lippin- 
cott) ; ((>) Mary Volans Cooper, who died 1855, 
unmarried ; (7 and 8) Richard Matlack Cooper and 
William Daniel Cooper, twins, who both died 
unmarried, Richard M. in 1874, and William D. 
in 1875. 

John Cooper and his Sons.^ — John Cooper, 
the only son of William Cooper, eldest son of 
William and Margaret Cooper, of Coopers Point, 
was born at Salem, Ninth Month 22, 1683. His 
father died in his thirty-second year, in 1691, 
leaving him to the fostering care of his grand- 
father Cooper. 

John Cooper and his cousin, Joseph Cooper, Jr., 
received ;is joint tenants from their grandfather 
William in his lifetime, a large improved tract on 
tiie creek, near its mouth, which had been surveyed 
to him as an overplus of the original survey. 
This land they sold and conveyed, in 1715, to 
their cousin William, son and heir of Daniel. By 
his grandfather's will he received a handsome leg- 
acy, and he and his cousin, Jonathan Woolstone, 
were made tenants iu common of all land belong- 
ing to him as the third dividend " out of the one- 
eighth part and one-twentieth part of a Propriety." 



In addition to this, John was the heir to three 
hundred acras on a stream called Coopers Creek, 
the largest branch of AUoways Creek, deeded to 
his mother, Mary, by her father, Edward Bradway. 

With this liberal start in life, John Cooper mar- 
ried, Eleventh Month 1, 1711-12, in Chesterfield 
Meeting, Anne Clarke, and soon after settled per- 
manently in Deptford township, Gloucester 
County. 

He was early called to the services in the meeting 
in 1711, and meetings for worship were for some 
time held at his house ; and together with his cousin 
Joseph, Jr., and William Evans, acted as the first 
three trustees of Haddonfield Meeting in 1721, 
and was soon appointed to the station of an elder, 
" for which his religious experience and a divine 
gift had qualified him." He was a public friend 
of much weight, and frequently traveled in the 
ministry. A memorial was issued by the Glouces- 
ter and Salem Quarterly Meeting, held at Had- 
donfield in 1756, in which the above and the fol- 
lowing clear testimony is borne : " He was often 
concerned for the well ordering of the church in 
its several branches, careful to demean himself as 
became an humble follower of the Lamb, show- 
ing it clearly by his good example among men 
and in a particular manner before his own family. 
. . . He departed this life the 22nd day of 9th 
mo. 1730, in the 48th year of his age." His widow, 
Anne, died Twelfth Month 17, 176G. They had three 
sons, — James and David who were distinguished 
as ministers among Friends, and John, provided 
for iu his father's will as " a child unborn," was 
prominent as a delegate to the First Continental 
Congress in 1776. The testimony from Woodbury 
Monthly Meeting concerning James Cooper sets 
forth that " In the 41st year of his age he appear- 
ed in the ministry, in the exercise of which he 
was diffident and cautious. . . . As he grew in 
years he increased in the gift of the ministry, 
which was sound and edifying. . . . He had a 
compassionate feeling for the poor and needy, be- 
stowing his goods cheerfully to them, and wa-s lib- 
eral in entertaining friends, his heart and home 
being open for that purpose.'' He died at Wood- 
bury Eighth Month 3, 1798, in his seventy-first year. 
His brother, David Cooi)er, also a minister, died 
ICleventli .Month 5, 1795, in his seventy-second year, 
and the memorial published by the same meeting 
on occasion of his death, bears testimony that "He 
was endowed with superior talents, was a u.scful 
member in the community, in religious meetings 
he was solid and weighty, sound in judgment and 
clear in expression. He was a firm advocate for 
the liberty of the black people and a liberal pro- 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



413 



raoter of schools." David Cooper was tlie author 
of "Thoughts on Death," and of "Counsel and 
Instruction to his Grandcliildren." In 17Gi lie 
represented his county in the General Assembly. 
In the Pemberton letters, 1764, it appears that 
David was interested in the Moravian Indians as 
their friend and protector. 

John Cooi'EK, the third son, was born Jan- 
uary 5, 1720, in De|>tford township, Ciloucester 
County, about one mile below Woodbury. Some 
time prior to the Revolution he built and moved 
into the tine old-fasliioned brick house in Wood- 
bury, opposite the county clerk's office, where 
he lived the remainder of his life a bachelor. At 
the outset of the Revolution he embraced the 
cause of the colonies with fervor, and when the Com- 
mittee of Correspondence for Gloucester County 
was formed, on May o, 177o, he was chosen one of 
tlie members. Thenceforth until his death lie was, 
with hardly an intermission, continuously called 
to fill important public offices of trust and respon- 
sibility. He was elected to the Second Provincial 
Congress that met at Trenton, May 23, 1775, and 
re-elected to the Third. 

On the last day of the first session of the latter 
he w;is appointed treasurer for the Western Divi- 
sion of New Jersey, and at the second session was, . 
on February 14, 1776, chosen a delegate to the 
Continental Congress, his associates being William 
Livingston, John De Hart, Richard Smith and 
Jonatliau Dickinson Seargeaut. His name does 
not appear on the published minutes of this Con- 
gress and it is uncertain whether he attended or not. 

It is certain that he did not attend after the 
meeting of the Fourth Provincial Congress, to 
which he had been again chosen, and where he 
was in daily attendance frcm its opening, on the 
10th of June, 1776, to the 15th of July, when he 
was compelled to leave, it is said, from sickness. 
While there he took a prominent and decided part 
in its proceedings, being appointed one of the coui- 
niittee to draft a Constitution for the new States, 
and chairman of the committee to prepare a bill 
regulating the first election under that Constitution, 
and voting on the 21st of June to establish an in- 
dependent government for the colony, and on 
Tuesday, July 2d, for the adoption of the new 
Constitution he had heli)ed to draft. 

At the first election held under the new Consti- 
tution he was chosen by the people of Gloucester 
County to represent them in the Legislative Coun- 
cil. He and Richard Smith, who were the only 
members who took the affirmation of Friends, were 
appointed by the Council its representatives on the 
joint committee to form the Great Seal of the State. 
49 



Thus publicly assuming his share of the respon- 
sibilities of the American cause, he had become so 
marked a "rebel" that in the winter of 1777, when 
the Britisli army was foraging in Gloucester 
County, he was compelled to flee from his house, 
which Lord Cornwallis seized and occupied as 
headquarters during the stay of his army in the 
neighborhood of Woodbury, the s(ddiers prying 
open the doors and cupboards with their bayonets, 
leaving marks that can still be seen. 

He was continued by successive elections a mem- 
ber of C(mncil for each year until 1782, being a 
diligent and leading member, rarely absent from 
his seat. There is scarcely a day when his name 
does not appear on the minutes in active participa- 
tion in the busy and ditficult attairs of the times ; 
no member being oftener appointed on prominent 
committees and none reporting more important 
measures for the carrying on of the government 
than he. 

During the recess of the Legislature in 177'.), 
n;oved by the great suftering of the otficers and 
troops of the Jersey brigade stationed at Eliza- 
bethtown for the want of sufficient clothing, he 
joined with Governor Livingston and seven others 
in a request to the treasurer to furnish clothing to 
the army in any amount not exceeding seven 
thousand pounds, agreeing to return that sum of 
money to the treasury if the Legislature should 
make no provision therefor. Upon this guarantee 
the clothing was furnished and the Legislature, at 
its ne.xt sitting, sanctioned it. He was chosen a 
member of the Council for Safety for the year 
1778. At the election by the Legislature in 1783 
he was the candidate for Governor in opposition 
to Livingston, who was elected. 

To him belongs the credit of taking, while the 
contest of the colonies for their freedom was yet 
undecided, the first step ever taken in the Legis- 
lature of New Jer.sey for the freeing of the slaves. 
On September 21, 1780, he introduced a bill enti- 
tled, "An act to abolish slave-keeping," wliich, on 
its second reading, after considerable debate, was, 
on account of the near close of the session, post- 
poned for the consideration of the next Legisla- 
ture. Early in the next session he was careful to 
call the subject to the attention of his fellow-mem- 
bers liy moving for leave to bring in a bill entitled, 
"An act to abolisli slavery throughout this State." 
But this was a philanthropic move too far in ad- 
vance of the times to be adopted by the Council, 
and it was lost. Firm, however, in his anti-slavery 
convictions, he did not abandon the subject, but 
waited until tlie colonies had won their independ- 
ence before he again urged it in the Legislature. 



414 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



He was not a member of Council in 1782 or 1783, 
but was once more chosen in 1784 and on Novem- 
ber 4th he renewed his efforts to make New Jersey 
a free State indeed by moving for the appointment 
of a joint committee to enter into a " a free con- 
ference " on (among other things) tlie subject of 
the gradual abolition of slavery within this State. 
But the Council was still not ready for so advanced 
a step and it was again lost. 

At the joint session held at Mount Holly in 
December, 1779, he was elected prpsident, or as it 
was then called, first judge of the Court of Com- 
mon Pleas of Gloucester County for the full term 
of five years. The court minutes show that not- 
withstanding the claim upon his time the frequent 
sessions of the Legislature caused, he was regularly 
in attendance at every term of the court. On De- 
cember 21, 1784, he was re-elected first judge and 
sat at the term commencing on the third Tuesday 
in March, 1785, between which time and the 11th 
day of April, when his will was proven, he died. 
The exact date is unknown. 

Jo.SEPH Cooper, Jk., of Newton township, Old 
Gloucester County, born in KiSIl, was eldest son of 
Joseph and Lydia (Riggs) Cooper, and grandson 
of William and Margaret, the emigrants. 

Joseph, Jr., was in many respects a remark- 
able man and his memory is well worthy of perpet- 
uation. He was early called to places of honor 
and trust, and was continued in them during life, 
being emphatically a man of action and affairs. 
For nineteen consecutive years he represented his 
county in the State Legislature, "in a manner sat- 
isfactory and acceptable, and,'" says Judge Clem- 
ent, the historiographer of Newton, " no like con- 
fidence has been extended to any representative 
of the constituency of this region." Smith, the 
historian, who knew him well, tells us that '' he had 
steady principles and a nobility of disposition and 
fortitude superior to many," and relates, that at one 
of the tedious sessions in Governor Morris' times, 
when contrariety of sentiments had long impeded 
business, the Governor, casually meeting the repre- 
sentative in the street, said : " Cooper, I wish you 
would go home and send your wife." " I will," 
answered Cooper, "if the Governor will do the 
sameby his," — an anecdote illustrative of the polit- 
ical antagonism of the men, as well as deservedly 
expressive, says Smith, of the estimation, placed 
upon the mental capacity of their respective wives. 

Cooper was also treasurer of his town and judge 
of the Gloucester County Court. He and his cousin, 
John Cooper, of Deptford, a minister, with Wm. 
Evans, were the first trustees of Haddonfield 
Meeting in 1721, in which meeting he was an elder. 



being called to the service in 1723. He resided on 
a farm deeded to him by his father in 1714, of four 
hundred and thirty acres of land on the south side 
of Coopers Creek, and his house stands near the 
junction of the present Haddon and Kaighn Ave- 
nues, within the city limits. 

This plantation passed under his will, by rever- 
sion and remainder, to his younger brother Isaac, 
and has since passed by heir female to the Cope fam- 
ily. He died Eighth Month 1, 1749, having surviv- 
ed all of his descendants except three granddaugh- 
ters. A plantation of six hundred acres on the 
south side of the south branch of Coopers Creek, 
which came to him from his grandfather William, 
the patriarch, he directed should be divided into 
three farms for his granddaughters. The farm- 
house on this tract was built before 1726, and 
stands near Peterson's mill, not far from Ashland 
Station. The Haddonfield Monthly Meeting, in 
their testimonial published on the occasion of his 
death, have placed on record ample evidence of 
the high estimation in which he was held by the 
Society of Friends. 

Joseph and Samuel Cooper, of TjrE Point. — 
Jos. Cooper, born atCoopers Point, Twelfth Month 
1, 1735, a son of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Cole) 
Cooper, was fourth in descent from the emigrants, 
AVilliam and Margaret Cooper. He married 
Elizabeth Haines, and occupied the brick home- 
stead house, a portion of which yet stands on the 
corner of Point and Erie Streets, bearing on one of 
its gables the legend " B. + H. C, 1734," being the 
initials of his father, Benjamin, and his second 
wife, Hannah, who died without issue. In 1788 
Joseph built the brick home at the Point, in the 
gal>le of which is set in l)lack brick the initials 

I + K 
17SS." 
Tliey lived in this house to an advanced .-ijri', and 
died without issue. 

Mr. Coojier was a moilel farmer gentleman. 
Possessed of an independent fortune and cultivat- 
ing a highly improved plantation, he devoted his 
time and means to the advancementof inij)rove- 
ments in agriculture and general farming. His 
orchards and grapery were most productive, and 
jirobably were in a higher state of cultivation than 
any in West Jersey; he was also the successful 
introducer of fruits and vegetables not indigenous 
to the soil of New Jersey. Dr. Pickering said of 
him that " he was the shrewdest man he ever 
knew, and possessed of the strongest mind." 
His ability was fully recognized by his neighbors 
and he was much employed in the church afiiiirs 



THE CITY OF rA:\ir»EN. 



415 



of the Society of Friends. He and his wile, 
!Clizal)eth, were widely known for their unfailing 
hospitality and were greatly respected in the com- 
munity at large. He and his brother Samuel 
(l)orn Sixth Month 25, 1744) were stanch Whigs and 
jnitriots. They were both imprisoned by the Brit- 
ish and their property burnt, destroyed or appro- 
priated. Their lands were lield by the enemy as 
an outpost to tlie army of occupation in Philadel- 
|ihia. The English General Abercrombie occupied 
the farm-house of Joseph as headquarters, while the 
Hessians and Scotch were quartered ou the property 
of his brother Samuel at tlie ferry, wlio was kindly 
allotted the use of his own kitchen for the shelter of 
his family. Samuel, writing at this dismal period 
(Jlay, 1778), says : " I can stand and see them cut, 
pull down, burn and destroy all before them and 
not think more of it than 1 used to think of see- 
ing a shingle burnt. When they (his Tory neigh- 
bors) tell me they will ruin me, I tell them I 
shall be able to buy one-half of them in seven 
years," — a prediction literally fulfilled. In the 
same year Samuel was betrayed to the enemy by 
one of his domestics, and seized as a spy, was sent 
to Philadeljjhia. Escaping from his guard through 
the influence of a friend, he obtained a pass from 
the general commanding, saved his neck and re- 
joined his family, as he quaintly tells us, " to the 
great mortification of a great many of my old 
friends and new enemies, who stood in clusters 
and pointed at me as I was going to the General's, 
and followed me to see me go to Goal, (jail) where 
many of them said I should have been long ago — 
but alas ! they were all disappointed." 

The substantial brick building at the ferry, 
marked on the gable with " S. -j- P. C, 1770," was 
the early home ofSamuel and Prudence Cooper. It 
is now known as Coopers Point Hotel, and a por- 
tion is used as offices of the Camden and Atlantic 
Railroad Company. The later years of his life 
were passed on his farm of three hundred and 
forty-three acres, called "Pleasant View" (now 
Pavonia), in Stockton township, where he died in 
1812. John Hunt, a minister of note, made the 
liillowing entry in his journal : 

" Ninth Month 22, 1812. Heard of the death 
of Samuel Cooper, aged about seventy, an old 
schoolmate. He owned the ferry opposite Phila- 
delphia, and although he had great possessions 
and was counted rich, yet he retired from busi- 
ness, obtained a right among Friends, became a 
much approved man, and was very useful in the 
Society, and also open-hearted and kind in en- 
tertaining Friends, so that he will be very much 
missed in the neighborhood and in society." 



Samuel and Prudence had li.ad children, — Joseph, 
William, Benjamin, Mary, Sarali and Elizabeth. 

Joseph and Samuel had a brother Benjamin, of 
Haddonfield, who, by his first wife. Prudence Barton, 
liad an only son, James B. Cooper, born March fi, 
175;5, soldier andsailor, who served on land and sea, 
filling honorable and responsible positions in army 
and navy during two wars — 1770 and 1S12. He 
served with distinction in the War of '7(), under 
Lee and Marion, and his services in the navy 
during the War of 1812 were especially recognized 
and honored by the President. Commander 
Cooper died at Haddonfield, in the ninety-third 
year of his age, being the last survivor of Lee's 
Legion and the senior commander in the United 
States navy. (See page 60.) 

Joseph Cooper, one of the subjects of this sketch 
being childless, named in his will a grand-nephew, 
Joseph W. Cooper (son of William), born Seventh 
Month 22, 1799, as the chief beneficiary under 
that instrument, devising to him the lands in Cam- 
den lying near the Upper Ferry, the same being a 
large part of the original survey made by William 
Cooper in 1680. 

Samuel Champion Cooper, of Coopers Point, 
counselor-at-law, son of Joseph W. Cooper, is the 
representative of this branch, and the able and ex- 
perienced manager of their large estates. 

Early Settlements and Land Trans- 
fees ON THE Site of Sodth Camden. — The 
foregoing, in its large divisions, comprise the orig- 
inal Cooper and Roydon surveys. Below the 
tract on the river was the tract surveyed to Samuel 
Norris, in May, 1685. He bought a share of Pro- 
priety of the trustees of Edward Byllynge, in 1678, 
and located several tracts of land in different parts 
of West Jersey, of which this was one. On 
October 12th following he leased twenty»acres 
of this survey to John Ashton, who built a house 
upon it, and sold the remainder of the survey to 
Robert Turner, September 21, 1686, and who 
bought the lease of Ashton, May 5, 1689. The 
meadow lots, which lay on both sides of Little 
Newton Creek (Kaighns Run), and had been divided 
between the settlers at Newton, part were sold as 
follows: No. 1 was sold by Stephen Newbie, son of 
Mark, to John Kaighn, July 20, 1699. No. 2 was 
sold by Thomas Thackara, June 16, 169:?, to John 
Burrough, who conveyed to Robert Turner, July 
6, 1696, and he to John Kaighn, Tenth Month (Jan- 
uary) 14, 1696. No. 3 William Bates conveyed 
to his son Jeremiah, November 10, 1693, who sold 
to John Kaighn, March 1, 1697. No. 4 Thomas 
Sharp sold to Robert Turner, April 12, 1693, who 
sold to John Kaighn, Tenth Month 14, 1096_ 



416 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTS, NEW JERSEY. 



No. 5 Robert Zane left, by will, twenty-four and 
three-fourths acres, also fronting on the river 
Eleventh Month 27, 1694, to his three sons,— 
Nathaniel, Elnathan and Robert. This was sold 
to John Kaighn, Eleventh Month G, 1G98, and 
Tenth Month 1, 1702. No. 6, originally laid 
out to Turner, was sold to John Kaighn, Tenth 
Month 14, 1696. All these lots lay on the north 
side of the stream. On the same date the last was 
purchased, and by the same deed Robert Turner also 
sold to John Kaighn four hundred and fifty-five 
acres, lying north of the meadow-lands and Kaighns 
Run, embracing part of the Norris survey and ex- 
tending from Line Street to Little Newton Creek. 
John Kaighn was evidently a native of the " Isle 
of Man." He was a carpenter and came to By- 
berry about 1690. In 1693 he married Ann For- 
rest, widow of William Forrest and daughter of 
William Albertson, of Newton township. A 
daughter was born to them, June 24, 1694, who 
was named Ann. The mother died July 6th fol- 
lowing, and the daughter died, unmarried, in 1715. 
John Kaighn purchased of Robert Turner four 
hundred and fifty-five acres of land, as above 
stated, and part of the remainder of the meadow 
lots within a few years. In the same year (1696) 
he married, as a second wife, Sarah, the widow of 
Andrew Griscom and sister of John Dole, who 
then lived in Newton township. Andrew Griscom, 
the first husband of Sarah (Dole), was the owner 
of a tract of land adjoining that lately bought by 
John Kaighn, and it was also a part of the Norris 
survey. The title to the tract is not known, but 
in 1723 it was the property of John Kaighn. 

Andrew Griscom had two children by his wife, — 
Tobias and Sarah. From Tobias the family name is 
still known in this region. William Griscom (of 
Haddonfield before and during the Revolution) was 
his son. Another son, Samuel, was a carpenter, 
lived in Philadelphia and assisted in building In- 
dependence Hall. 

John Kaighn, after his purchase of land in 
Newton township (now Camden), settled upon it 
and built the house now owned by Charles Mc- 
Alister. By his second wife he had two sons, — 
John, born December .30, 1700, and Joseph, born 
December 4, 1702. His wife died soon after the 
birth of Joseph. Jane Kaighn, mother of John, 
then living at Kirk on the Isle of Man, addressed 
a letter, dated August 26, 1702, "To John Kaighn, 
Linener, in West New .Tersey, nigh on Delaware 
river side, opposite to Philadelphia city, America," 
in wliich she informed him of the death of his 
father and other family news. On the same sheet 
John Kaighn wrote an unfinished letter to his 



mother, without date, in which he said that he 
had " lost two good and loveing wives in a few 
years' time, and left alone with young babes, the 
youngest still at nurse." He married, in 1710, 
as a third wife, Elizabeth Hill, of Burlington. 
In 1699 John Kaighn was chosen as one of the 
judges of Gloucester County, and served three 
years. In 1708 he became one of the trustees of 
Newton Meeting, and, in 1710, represented Glou- 
cester County in the Legislature. He died in 
1724 and his will was proved June 12th, in that 
year, by which he left a house and lot in Philadel- 
phia to his wife, Elizabeth, and his real estate in 
Newton township to his two sons, .lohn and 
Joseph. 

About 1726 John conveyed his interest in the 
home property to his brother, Joseph Kaighn, who 
held it until his death, in 1749. He (Joseph) in 
1727 married IMary, daughter of James Estaugh, 
of Phil.adeliihia, and niece of John Estaugh, of 
Haddonfield, by whom he had five children,-^ 
Joseph, John (who became a physician, and died 
unmarried), Isaac (who died in his minority), 
James and Elizabeth. 

In 1732 John Kaighn, Jr., the eldest son of , lohn 
Kaighn, and brother of Joseph, married Abigail 
Hinchman, and as a blacksmith followed his busi 
ness at Haddonfield for several years, and removed 
to a farm on Newton Creek, where he died in 1749, 
and was buried in the old Newton grave-yard. 
His children were Sarah, Elizabeth, Samuel, 
John and Ann. His widow, Abigail, about 1750, 
married Samuel Harrison, of Gloucester. She sur- 
vived her second husband, and died in 1795, at. the 
house of her son-in-law, Richard Edwards, at 
Tauutou Iron- Works. 

The family of Kaighns and the Kaighn estate 
came down through the line of Joseph and Mary. 
Joseph in his will, dated May 7, 1749, says, in de- 
fining a boundary between part of his lands, " Be- 
ginning at the Delaware River, thence east up the 
middle of the lane." This lane was afterwards ex- 
tended, and is now Kaighn Avenue. 

The children of Jos. Kaighn and Mary Estaugh 
Kaighn, who succeeded to the estate, were Joseph, 
James, .lohu, Isaac and Elizabeth. To James was 
left part of the estate south of the lane (Kaighn 
Avenue), to Joseph part of the land south and to 
John, Isaac and Elizabeth, the land north of the 

lane. Elizabeth married Donaldson. Joseph, 

the eldest son of Joseph, upon receiving the 
land on the south .side from his father, in 1749, 
built, a few years later, the house long known as 
the Ferry House, yet standing, but is now de- 
voted to other uses. He married Prudence Butcher, 



THE CITY OP CAMDEN. 



417 



by whom he had four children, but one of whom, 
Joseph, arrived at maturity, and in 179') m.arried 
Sarah Mickle, a daughter of Joseph Mickle. A 
man of ability and positive couvictions he early 
became a jjrominent citizen, being frequently 
elected by the Whig party, to which he belonged, 
to the State Legislature, both to the house of As- 
sembly and to the Council. He was one of the 
small band of far-seeing people who believed in 
the feasibility, as well as the desirability, of a rail- 
road between Philadelphia and New York, and in 
the Legislature became a most earnest advocate 
of the granting of the charter for The Camden and 
Amboy Kail Road, and largely through his efforts 
its i)assage was secured, he being one of the in- 
corporators and a director till his death, and one 
of the party who first went over the proposed 
route of the road. AVhile in the Legislature he 
was an influential member of the committee that 
built the State prison at Trenton. Early interested 
in ferries he was prominent in the establishment 
of the first steamboat running from Kaighns Point 
to Philadelphia, and was a director in the Federal 
Street ferry from its organization until his death. 
Throughout his life he was a most publics-pirited 
man and widely known throughout the State. He 
died February 23d, 1841, his wife surviving him 
until 1842. Their children were John M., who 
married Rebecca, daughter of Benjamin Cooper ; 
Charles, married to Mary Cooper, of Woodbury ; 
William R., married Rachel Cole (Burrough), 
widow ; and Mary, who married John Cooper, of 
Woodbury. The children of James were Isaac ; 
Mary, died young ; John, married Elizabeth 
Bartram ; Elizabeth, married Jonathan Knight; 
James ; Hannah, married Benjamin Dugdale ; 
Sarah; Mary; Ann, who died in 1880, aged eighty- 
eight years ; and Charity and Grace (twins), both 
now deceased. The lands of James that lay north 
of the dividing line and on the river, were laid 
out into lots in 1812, and from that time to the 
present, adjoining lands have been gradually laid 
out and built upon until the entire Kaighn estate 
is now laid out into streets and lots. 

The land now in the city of Camden, lying south 
and east of Kaighns Run and to Newton Creek, was 
located by Robert Turner, of whom an account 
will be found in the history of Haddon township; 
four hundred and twenty acres adjoining Newton 
Creek, and two hundred acres on the river were 
located by Richard Arnold, which was surveyed 
March 1, 1700. He sold it to Martin Jarvis, who, in 
the same year, sold two hundred and eight acres to 
John Wright, who sold to John Champion ; the rest 
of the tract passed to Jacob Colling. In 1790 the 



greater part of the land became the estate of Isaac 
Mickle, Jr. A portion of the land lying on the 
Delaware River, south and west of Kaighns Run, 
was sold by Turner to Archibald Mickle, then of 
Philadelphia. He wasa nativeof Lisburn,atownin 
the county Antrim, Ireland, and a member of the 
Society of Friends. With many others of the same 
feith, he left his native land and came to this 
country and landed in Philadelphia August 2, 1(382. 
He was by trade a cooper, and probably remained 
in that city several years, as coopers were in con- 
siderable demand along the sea-coast. In 108G ho 
married Sarah Watts, in the Philadelphia Meeting, 
of which he was a member. 

In 1690 he purchased two hundred and fifty 
acres of land in Newton township of Robert Tur- 
ner. It was near the head of the south branch of 
Newton Creek, adjoining land of Francis Collins. 
It afterward passed to Joseph Lowe, who settled 
upon it. The meadow lands on Kaighns Run 
j)a.ssed from the original proprietor to others, and 
that on the south side of the run was conveyed 
with other lands to Robert Turner, at one time 
the largest land-owner in Newton township. On 
the IGth of May, 1697, Archibald Mickle pur- 
chased of Robert Turner four hundred and seventy- 
six acres of land and thirty-two acres of the mea- 
dow lands. The purchase fronted on the Delaware 
.and extended along Kaighns Run. A house occu- 
jiied by Thomas Sjjearman was on the land at the 
time of purchase and it is shown on the Thomas 
Sharp map of 1700 as being on the bank of the 
river between the meadow lots and the south line, 
and where the old Isaac Mickle house is situated. 
At this place Isaac Mickle resided until his death, 
in 1706. By his will the estate was left to his 
widow, Sarah, and to his children — Samuel, 
Daniel, Archibald, Joseph, James, Sarah (wife of 
Ezekiel Siddons), Mary (wife of Arthur Powell) 
and Rachael (wife of Benjamin Cooper). The 
widow bought the rights of Samuel, Daniel, Sarah, 
Mary and Rachel, and upon her death, in October, 
1718, the real estate, by her will, was devised to 
Archibald, James and Joseph, who, by quit-claim 
dated March 20, 1727, conveyed to each other 
these lands in severalty in equal division. The 
eldest son (John) of Archibald married Hannah, 
the daughter of Wni. Cooper (2d), and in 1703 
settled in Gloucester township, where he died in 
1744. He was appointed judge of Gloucester 
County in 1733, and served several years. 

Of the lands now in Camden City, the portion 
inherited by Joseph passed to the Kaighn family, 
and the land of Archibald and James in later 
years came to Isaac Mickle, Sr., a grandson of Ar- 



418 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



chibiild and Sarah, who married Sarah Burroughs 
and in 1780 conveyed the land to his nephew, 
Isaac Mickle, Jr. 

This last-mentioned property remained in the 
Mickle family many years and is now the southern 
portion of the city, and laid out in avenues and 
town lots. 

Isaac Mickle, author of "Reminiscences of Old 
Gloucester," was a descendant of the family. 

The fisheries along the Mickle lands were in 
1818 conducted by John W. Mickle, one of the de- 
scendants. 

Martin Jarvis, of whom mention is made, was a 
son of John Jarvis, of Roscoe, Kings County, Ire- 
land, and a Friend, who, in 1088, with his son 
Martin, came to New Jersey to avoid the persecu- 
tion of the Papists. They first stopped at the 
house of George Goldsmith, in Newton township, 
but in 1691 the father settled in Cape May County 
and in 1701 returned to Ireland, and JIartin jjur- 
chased land on Newton Creek, as mentioned. In 
1705 he bought a house and lot in Philadelphia, on 
the west side of Second Street, between Market and 
Chestnut, where he resided until his death in 1742, 
aged sixty-seven years. He married Mary Cham- 
pion, a daughter of John, who settled on Coopers 
Creek. 

Prior to 1701 the only roads that led to Coopers 
Ferries were mere bridle-paths, but on the 8th of 
June in that year commissioners laid out on the 
line of Cooper Street a road from the King's High- 
way leading from Haddonfield, four poles wide, to 
Cooper's Ferry — it being the old Roydon ferry near 
the foot of Cooper St., then kept by Daniel Cooper, 
son of William, the grandson of Wm. Cooper, the 
first settler. In the next year the bridge was built 
across Coopers Creek at the eastern end of Federal 
Street and the road widened and improved to the 
Cooper Street Ferry. This was the Great Road 
to Burlington. In the same year Benjamin Cooper 
laid out a road from his ferry, now the Camden and 
Atlantic Ferry, to the new bridge over Coopers 
Creek. That road was later Main Street and is 
now mostly occupied by the track of the Camden 
and Atlantic Railroad. The Haddonfield road 
joined the road from Coopers Creek bridge to the 
ferry at what is now Fifth Street. On December 
7, 17G3, a road was laid from Coopers Point to 
the bridge over Timber Creek. It left the ferry 
road below Front Street and near the old Ferry 
House. Federal Street was laid out a» a road about 
17U4 (when the ferry was established), Plum Street 
in 1803 — all converging towards Coopers Creek 
bridge. 

Jacob Cooper, in his town |>lan of 1778, laid out 



as the north line the old Ferry Road and called it 
Cooper Street, and also laid out Market Street. 
These streets extended from the river to Pine or 
Sixth Street. The Chews Landing road was 
laid about 1800, and the Kaighns Point road 
about 1810, soon after the ferry was established at 
that place. 

When the town was incorporated as a city, in 
1828, all the old streets, Cooper, Market, Plum 
(now Arch), and Federal Streets centred on the old 
road to the ferry at Twelfth Street. Several of 
these early roads within the bounds of the city have 
been vacated and entirely lost sight of. 

First Town Plan of CAJtDEN. — Jacob Cooper, 
a son of William and Deborah (Medcalf) Cooper, 
was a merchant in Philadelphia, and conceiving 
the idea that at a future day the great crossing- 
place on the Delaware known as Cooper's Ferries 
would be a town of considerable importance, 
obtained of his fatlier, April 23, 1704, one hundred 
acres of land lying on the river north of a tract of 
one hundred acres owned by his brother Daniel. 
The north line of the tract was the old bridle-path 
to the ferries, and which, in 1761, was laid out as 
part of the road from Haddonfield to the ferry, 
then at the foot of Cooper Street. 

In the year 1773 he laid out forty acres of this 
tract into streets and lots, and named it after the 
Earl of Camden, who was a firm friend and ally 
of Lord Chatham in the struggle for constitutional 
liberty in the colonies. The old road on the north 
side he named Cooper Street. Market Street was 
also by him laid out from the river to what is now 
Sixth Street. The south line of the plot was mid- 
way between Market Street and Plum (now Arch). 
Streets were laid out from Cooper Street eastward 
as follows: King (now Front), Queen (now Se- 
cond),Whitehall (now Third), Cherry (now Fourth), 
Cedar (now Fifth) and Pine (now Sixth). The 
names were changed to the present at the incor- 
poration of the city, in 1828. The Public Square 
located at the intersection of Market and Third 
Streets, was at the same time laid out. The lots were 
one hundred and sixty in number. The first eight 
lots fronted on the river and extended back to 
Front Street. No. 1 was on Cooper Street. One 
hundred and twenty-six of these lots, with the 
exceptions of Nos. 24, 80 and 32, were sold by 
.lacob Cooper. The names of purchasers, with 
number of lot, are here given : 



1 . Lyon and Falconer. 

2. Kobort Parrish. 
:!. Andrew Koreyth. 
4. Uoboil Panish. 
r>. Iwiac Ooates. 

6. Thouinjj Millliu. 



7. A. Todd and J. Hartley. 

8. ilarzilla l.ippincott. 

9. Lyon and Falconer. 

10. Lyon and Falconer. 

11. William Moulder. 
12-13-14. Samuel Noble. 



Plan of the Town of Camden, in the Township of Newton, 
in the County of Gloucester, in the State of New Jersey, as 
laid out by Jacob Cooper, 1773, and also an addition of 
twenty-nine lots by Joshua Cooper, in the year 1803. 




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CANIDEN VILLAGE. 

Laid off by Edward Sharp, April 10th, 
1820, from a part of the Estate of Joshua 
Cooper, adjoining Camden, on both sides 
of Bridge Ave., Gloucester County, N. J. 
Recorded, July 3d, 1820. 

Liber FF, folio 289, Ac. 



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DoDi' vti) leih July, 1603, bj .; 



The lota North and East of the (lotted line, were laid 
out by Jacob Cooper, in 1773. 

The lots included within the dotted line, were laid 
out by .Joshua Cooper, in 1803. 

The lots South and West of the dotted line were laid 
out by Edward Sharp, In 1820. 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



419 



56. .John Kearslt'y. 
58. Moses Bartrani. 
.")9. George Bartrani. 
GO. Barzilla Lippimult. 
61-62. James Cuuner. 
G3. Johu Eldridge. 
04. Samuel Miles. 
65. James Coffe. 
68. John Beeiile. 
71. John Beedlo. 

73. George Bartrani. 

74. Moses Bartrani. 

75. John Brown. 

76. Joseph Brown. 

77. George Naper. 

78. Samuel Powell. 
711. Thomas Lewis. 
81-83. William Bigden. 

83. Samuel Powell. 

84. George Hopper. 

85. Joseph Brow u. 

86. John Brown. 
8S. William Brown. 
•.)1. John Eldridge. 
'.t'2. James Keeves. 

93 to 98. John U.-iItiiell. 
101. John Haltzell. 
102-103. Beiyamin Horner. 
lO.s-lOO. Edward Gibbs. 
110-111-112. Samuel Hopkii 
115-110. Martin Fisher. 

120. Richard Townseiul. 

121. John Eldridge. 

122. Mathias Gilbert. 

126. John Haltzell. 

127. For public u.se. 



15. William Wane. 

16. James Ark. 

17. David Dominick. 

18. Samuel Miles, 

19. Thomas Mifflin. 

20. Nicholas Hicks, 

21. Isaac Coates, 

22. Israel Cas.seU and Jon. Davis. 

23. Allen Cathcart and Henry 
Casdrope. 

25. Isaac Micklo (bought after 

Jacob Cooper's death). 
20. William Adams. 

27. Vincent Mari Polnsi, 

28. Nicholas Hicks. 

29. Jonathan Shoemaker. 

30. V. M. Polosi. 

31. Christopher Perkius. 

32. V, M, Polosi. 
;i3. William Adams. 
34. Samuel Noble, 
35-36. Aquilla Jones. 
37. Samuel Bryan. 

39. Jacob Speeder. 

42. James Cooper. 

43. Samuel Kobins. 

44. Joseph Budd. 

45. James Cliaunell. 

40. John Porter. 

47. John Kearsley. 

48. Andrew Burkhart. 

49. John Fcnton. 
50-51. William Itusli. 
.52. Boiyamin Town. 

53. John Porter. 

54. John Keai-sley, 
65, John Shoemaker, 

Lot No. 127, Oil the corner of Plum (now Arch) 
Street and Fifth Street, was reserved for public use, 
and on the 2'2d of April, 1776, Jacob Cooper con- 
veyed it to Charles Lyon, Nathaniel Falconer, 
William Moulder and Nichola.'i Hicks, in trust for 
the iuliabitants to erect a house of worship ami 
make a burial-place. The north part of the lot 
was made a burial-place and a school-house in 
later years was erected upon the south part. It 
is now and has been for many years occupied by 
an engine-house under the charge of the Fire De- 
partment. The most of the persons named in the 
list before given resided in Philadelphia. But 
little information is obtained of the progress of the 
town before 1800. In the year 1803 Joshua Cooper, 
son of Daniel, deriving the land from his father, 
laid out a street from the river to Sixth Street, 
which he named Plum. On the north side of 
Plum Street he laid out twenty-nine lots and on 
the south side twenty-four lots. 

ViLLAOE OF Camden. — Edward Sliarji, in 1S12, 
built the rough-cast house now standing on the 
southeast corner of Cooper and Second Streets (lot 
42 in Jacob Cooper's town plot), long known as the 
Dr. Harris house. On the 8th of June, 1818, he 
bought of Joshua Cooper ninety-eight acres of 



land lying on the river and south of the Lower 
Ferry road or Federal Street. In 1820 he laid out 
a part of this into streets and lots, and named it 
"Camden Village." 

Edward Sharp had for .some years been agitating 
the building a bridge across the Delaware River 
to Windmill Island, and after the purchase of this 
land, and iu 1820, laid out the land from the river 
to Cedar or Fifth Street, with a broad street 
through the centre, which was named Bridge Ave- 
nue, now the line of the Camden and Amboy 
railroad. The only buildings on this terri- 
tory at that time were the stables of John 1). 
Wessels, at the corner of Federal and Front 
Streets, and then near the bank of the river. Ed- 
ward Sharp presented a petition to the Legislature 
asking for authority to build a bridge across the 
Delaware. A newspaper of that day says: "The 
Windmill Island Bridge Bill passed the Senate 
January 22, 1820, and the House February 18th 
following." 

The eastern end of this bridge was to be at the 
foot of Bridge Avenue, and, although the bill au- 
thorizing its construction passed, yet the bridge 
was never built. Lots were sold as follows be- 
tween the river-front and Queen Street (now Sec- 
ond) : Nos. 1 and 2, to Samuel Lanning; lots 3 to 
7 and lot A, to Johu D. Wessels; lot 16, southwest 
corner of Federal and White Hall (uow Third) 
Streets, to Daniel Ireland ; lot 28, southwest corner 
of Federal and Cherry Streets, to Keuben Ludlam. 
On Queen Street, north of Bridge Avenue and the 
alley, were six lots marked B, C, D, E, F\ F- ; they 
were sold as follows : B, to William Butler ; C, to 
Samuel Smith; D, to Isaac Sims; E, to James 
Read ; and F' and F'^, to David and Dorcas Sims. 
Financial reverses soon overtook Edward Sharp, 
and his land was sold by the sheriff, July 13, 1822, 
to Elihu Chauncey and James Lyle, who, on the 
22d of July the next year, 1823, sold to Henry 
Chester. Part of this land, July 18, 1833, and Au- 
gust 31, 1836, came to Esther Nunes, who laid out 
one hundred and forty lots, the greater part of 
them water lots, and on the river-flats.' 

Cooper's Hii.l. — That part of Camden known as 
Cooper's Hill as applied to the ground then, rising 
from a marsh west of Fourth Street and south of 
Bridge Avenue, forming a knoll covered in part 
with stately oak and pine-trees and on the eastern 
part, beyond Broadway, was a magnificent a)>ple 
orchard. It lielonged to Richard M. Cooper, 
president of the State Bank at Camden, and shortly 
after his death his son, William I). Cooper, in 
1842, sold the timber, cut down the ap|)le-trccs 
and laid out the ground in one hundred town lots, 



420 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



which, Decembers, 1842, he offered for sale. They 
sold rapidly and at good prices, for the high 
ground made the locality desirable as a place of 
residence, and it now forms the bulk of the Fourth 
Ward, the most populous in the city, containing 
within its limits the City Hall, Cooper Hospital, 
three public school-houses, five churches with 
two thousand members, and ten thousand people. 
William D. Cooper made sale to Joab Scull 
of the lot on the northeast corner of West and 
Berkley Streets, upon which the latter built the first 
house in the new settlement. The only house on 
the tract, before Scull built, was the one Richard 
M. Cooper built in 1820, on the east side of the 
Woodbury and Camden Academy road, and which 
was removed to make room for the row of three- 
story bricks on Broadway, south of Berkley. 

Within the limits of what is known as Cooper's 
Hill were formerly ponds, of which Micklo, 
writing in 1845, says: "There was in the olden 
time a i)ond about half a mile southeast of the 
Court-House in the City of Camden, which was 
much frequented by wild geese and ducks. Al- 
though the bed of the pond is now cultivated, 
there are th(jse who remember when it contained 
several feet of water throughout the year. It was 
called by the Camden boys ' the Play Pond.' '' 

This pond is said, by one of the boys who used 
to play there, Benjamin Farrow, to be where now 
stand the dwellings of the late John H. Jones and 
Jesse W. Starr. He says there were two ponds, 
one called the " wet pond " and the other the " dry 
pond," and that they were made in the time of the 
Kevolution by the erection of redoubts. 

The land on the north side of Cooper Street, and 
north of Birch, which was left to William Cooper 
by his grandfather, William, was devised to his 
sons, Daniel and Richard M. Cooper. The former 
dying intestate, his share descended to his three 
daughters, — Mary Ann (who married William 
Carman), Abigail and Esther L. Cooper, — and in 
the ])artition of his estate, which followed his 
death, the land mentioned was divided into alter- 
nate portiofis between these daughters by their 
uncle, Richard M. Cooper, and about 1842 laid 
out by William D. Cooper and sold. 

On the 7th of February, 1853, Rachel Cooper, 
daughter of William Cooj)er (of the uj)per ferry), 
sold the land lying between Market and Federal 
Streets, above Eighth, to Charles Fockler, who laid 
it out into fifty-nine lots. 

That part of the city north of Birch Street and 
to Main Street was laid out with streets and in 
two hundred and forty-five lots in 1852, by the 
heirs of William Cooper, and in January of the 



same year Joseph W. Coojjer laid out one hundred 
and seventy-two lots north of Main Street, and ad- 
vertised them for public sale February 5, 1852. 
These tracts comprise the plans and additions to 
the city on the old Cooper lands. 

The KAUiHN Estate. — The Kaighn estate, 
which was left by Joseph Kaighn by will, in 174'J, 
to Joseph and James, John, Isaac and Elizabeth, 
extended from Line Street to Kaighn Run. The 
lane, now Kaighn Avenue, was the dividing line 
of part of the property left to Joseph and John, 
the former inheriting the south side and the latter 
the north side, including the old mansion built 
about 1696 by his grandfather, John Kaighn. Jo- 
sejjh built a house on the south side, known in later 
years as the Ferry House. After the death of 
James, in 1812, his property was divided by parti- 
tion, and the lots at the foot of Kaighn Avenue 
were soon after sold. 

There are a number of houses standing which 
were built by the Kaighns. The oldest of these 
is the one built by John Kaighn, the first settler, 
who, soon after his coming, in 1696, erected a one- 
story house of brick, on the river-shore, now on the 
southeast corner of Second and Sycamore Streets, 
a thousand feet from tide-water. It became the 
property of James, the grandson of John Kaighn, 
and on his death, in 1811, came through one of his 
children to Mrs. Hutchinson, a granddaughter, 
who, in 1864, sold it to Charles McAllister, who, 
using the old walls, made of it two three-story 
houses, in one of which he resides. Elizabeth 
Haddon, in 1721, presented John Kaighn with 
two box and two yew-trees, which he planted in 
front of his house. The yew-trees are still stand- 
ing, having a girth of six feet, but the box-tre&s 
decayed and disappeared, the last in 1874. 

The Ferry House, at the southeast corner of 
Front Street and Kaighn Avenue, was built by 
Joseph Kaighn, grandson of the first settler, be- 
tween 1755 and 1760. Joseph Kaighn died in 
1792, when his son Joseph, then residing in the 
farm-house on Quaker Lane, opposite Newton 
Meeting-house, moved into the homestead and oc- 
cupied it until 1809, when, having built the spa- 
cious mansion on the south side of Kaighn Ave- 
nue, above Second Street, which afterward became 
the property of his son Charles, he removed there 
and made it his home until 1831, when he built the 
brick house at the southwest corner of Third and 
Kaighn Avenue, and moved there, where he lived 
until his death, in 1841, when it became the Inime 
of his daugiiter Mary, afterwards the wife ol John 
Cooper. 

The house at Front and Kaighn Avenue was 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



421 



leased as a ferry-house to Christopher Madara, and 
ill 1816 to George W. Hiigg. In 1821 Joseph 
Kaighn sold the house, with the ferry, to Sarah, 
widow of Thomas Reeves, and after her death it 
was purchased by Ebenezer Toole. It is now the 
jiroperty of Edward Shuster. During the Revolu- 
tion the house served as a target for gunuers on 
British ships lying in the river, and the late 
Charles Kaighn had in his possession a spent can- 
non-ball which came down the chimney while his 
grandfather, Joseph Kaighn, and family were tak- 
ing supper. 

Another old house, built before 1800, is on the 
north side of Kaighn Avenue, below Locust Street. 
It belonged to John, son of James Kaighn, who 
died in 1811. In 1842 it became a part of the 
Capewell glass-works property and was used as a 
finishing and packing-house. After the closing of 
the glass-works it was fitted up and divided into 
three dwellings, — Nos. 239, 241 and 243 Kaighn 
Avenue. On the northeast corner of Front Street 
and Mechanic is a large three-story brick house. 
It was built in 1824 by Joseph Mickle, who intend- 
ed it for his residence, but he died before it was 
finished and it became the home of his widowed 
daughter, Priscilla Matlack, who married James 
W. Sloan, a leading man in municipal matters. 
Near the above, on Front Street, is the house 
built by Frederick Plummer, the Baptist jjreacher, 
in 1820, in which he used the brick composing the 
prison built at Gloucester in 171G. 

The Little Newton Creek Meadow Company was 
organized to preserve the river-banks below 
Kaighns Point. In 1(3% John Kaighn bought 
four hundred and fifty-five acres of land from 
Robert Turner, lying between Line Ditch and Line 
Street, and Archibald Mickle about the same time 
bought to the south. To construct a bank to re- 
claim the large expanse of low land lying between 
them was the joint work of the Mickles and 
Kaighns at a very early day, there being but a 
single owner on the north and on the south of the 
small stream that forming the dividing line, the 
maintenance of the bank was a simple matter; 
but when Joseph Kaighn died, in 1841, and his 
land on the north became divided among several 
heirs, while the same process was going on with the 
Mickle land, on the south, complications took 
place, and in 1844 the Little Newton Creek 
Meadow Company was organized, with William 
Mitchell, president, and John Cooper, secretary 
and treasurer. The company found the banks in 
need of repairs, which were made at a cost of three 
thousand dollars. The company performed its 
duty well until 1874, when the numerous new 
50 



owners, ousted the old officers, and the new ones 
neglected their duty, and, when, the great storm 
of October 24, 1878, broke the bank and flooded 
the lower part of the city, Council was compelled 
to repair the damages. 

Fettersville. — In 1833 Richard Fetters, a 
prominent citizen of Camden, purchased of Charity 
and Grace Kaighn a number of tracts of land be- 
tween Line and Cherry Streets and between Third 
Street and the river. This land was laid out into 
lots, and offered for sale at low rates and easy terms, 
which attracted many purchasers, a large propor- 
tion of them colored persons, a number of whom 
are still among the most respected residents. 
Benjamin Wilson was one of the first. He was a 
local preacher, and built a house a few doors 
below the Macedonian Church. George Johnson, 
who, in 1835, bought a lot and built the humble 
home which now sheltere him, was born in 1802. 
He has clear recollections of the events of nearly 
eighty years ago. His brother, Jacob Johnson, at 
the same time bought and built on the northwest 
corner of Third Street and Cherry, where, in com- 
fort, he is spending the remainder of a useful life. 

At 247 Spruce Street reside Mary E. S. and 
Neolus Peterson, educated and refined women, who 
for many years were school-teachers. Their father 
was Daniel Peterson, a Methodist preacher of 
ability, and their mother, Mary, was a daughter of 
Jonathan Truitt.a noted colored divine of Philadel- 
phia. The Petersons settled in Fettersville in 1835 
and built the house where the daughters now reside. 
Both were pious and educated, and did much to 
promote religion and education among their peo- 
ple. They were active in the organization of the 
Macedonian Church. Daniel died in 1857, and 
Mary in 1865. In 1838 Jacob Ham bought and 
built on the west side of Second, above Spruce, 
where there was a cluster of large willow-trees, 
which furnished shade, while from the river came 
cool breezes, making it a favorite trysting-place for 
the people in warm weather. It has been called 
"Ham Shore" ever since Jacob Ham built his 
house there. In the days of slavery there were 
many scenes of capture and rescue of alleged fugi- 
tive slaves in Fettersville. Opposite the church, 
shortly after it was built, lived a colored man 
named John Collins, whom the officers claimed as 
a fugitive, and one night sought to capture, but 
the women, armed with clubs and pokers, drove 
them away. Collins, for greater security, removed 
to Westfield. On another occasion, the officers 
having captured a fugitive in the county, put him 
in a wagon, and were driving towards the ferry, 
passing by the Macedonian Church while a prayer- 



422 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



meeting was in progress. When opposite, the 
prisoner raised a lusty cry of " liidnappers," which, 
in a few moments, emptied the church of wor- 
shippers and surrounded the wagon with rescuers 
While they were parleying, Hannah Bowen cut 
the traces, and the horse, minus the wagon, was 
driven away, while the officers were glad to ex- 
change their prize for personal safety. 

The colored settlement at Fettersville grew 
rapidly, and at one time figured largely in the 
census table, the colored population of the South 
Ward, in 1850 reaching nearly one-fourth of the 
entire population of the ward ; but the proportion 
has since decreased, being slightly in excess of 
seven per cent, in 1885. The actual number in 
1850 was seven hundred and twenty-five, and in 
1885 it was seven lumdred and ninety-one, while 
the total population in the former year was four 
thousand one hundred and twelve, and in the latter 
year eleven thousand and sixty-four. 

In 1835 Richard Fetters bought other lands of 
Charity Kaighn and her sister, Grace Kaighn, east 
of liis first purchase and extending south to Mount 
Vernon, or Jordan Street. His first sales from 
this venture were to Jo.scph P. Hillman, Joseph 
Sharp, Aaron Bozarth, Josiah Sawn and Adam 
Watson, on the east side of Fifth Street, from 
Division Street to Spruce. This was in 1836, and 
the price was one hundred and twenty-five dollars 
for a lot forty feet front and one hundred feet deep. 
Fetters' plan placed all the fronts on the streets 
running east and west, under the impression that 
the travel would be in those directions, and 
in this he would have been correct, had his 
design for a ferry at the foot of Spruce Street, for 
which he procured a charter, been realized. All 
of the plots above-mentioned were in the terri- 
tory embraced in Camden at the time of its 
incorporation, in 1828. In 1815 there was but 
one house between Kaighnton and Camden, and 
that was the farm-house of Isaac Kaighn, a son of 
James, and which was on the old Woodbury road, 
near the river. 

Camden, although laid out in 1773, was a town 
only in name until about 1815. The dwellings 
clustering around the ferries retained the names by 
which it had been known for over a century — " The 
Ferries," or " Cooper's Ferries.'' A few lots had 
been sold and houses built, a post-office had been 
established, a store opened, but the main bu.siness 
grew out of the ferries. A stage line was estab- 
lished to Burlington, to Leeds Point, in Atlantic 
County, to Salem, Bridgeton and Cape May. At 
the beginning of the century there was not a house 
of worship in the area now embraced within the 



city, and but one school-house, which stood a dis- 
tance out from the settlements on the Haddonfield 
road, and on the land of Marmaduke Cooper, now 
owned by Marmaduke C. Cope. 

Richard Fetters, who was in his day and gen- 
eration one of the most prominent men of the city, 
the proprietor of that part of Camden known as 
Fettersville, a leading spirit in almost every large en- 
terprise, a member of almost every corporation board 
organized during his business life and the holder 
of many public offices, was born January 19, 1791, 
of parents who resided at Coopers Point. His 
early life was spent for the most part in New 
Jersey. He removed to Camden in 1826 and 
opened a store at Third and Market Streets. It 
was not long afterwards that he laid out Fetters- 
ville, and entered upon land operations in North 
Camden. Almost from the start he held a position 
of prominence, being elected to the Council in 
1S28, and thus beginning a long and active public 
career. He was a lifelong Democrat of a pro- 
nounced type. He died July 3, 1863, after a short 
illness. The editor of one of the Camden jour- 
nals, a short time before his death, in connection 
with an announcement of his dangerous condition, 
spoke of his character and usefulness as follows : 
" Mr. Fetters is one of the pioneers of this city and 
has probably done more for the advancement and 
improvement of the place than any other single 
gentleman. Always active, and possessing an ener- 
getic spirit, he made himself foremost in all enter- 
prises conducive to the growth and prosperity of 
Camden, and took the initiative in all matters of 
essential public improvements. The conception 
and gradual increase of the advantages of our fer- 
ries was one of his practical theories, and from the 
first he was closely connected with them. His 
energy of character also infused life and spirit 
into the project of erecting works to supply the 
city with water, and, in fact, no enterprises of truly 
beneficial bearings have been started in Camden 
that have not received his fostering care and ap- 
jiroval. He has held several important public po- 
sitions and through indomitable energy and perse- 
verance he acquired a competency . . . ." 

Mr. Fetters was three times married. His first 
wife, with whom he was united January 20, 1817, 
and who was the mother of all of his children, 
was Hope Stone, born April 27, 1797, and died 
December 18, 1889. His second wife, to whom he 
was married November 8, 1841, was Sarah L. Lam- 
born, and the third, with whom he wius joined 
March 21, 1860, was Ellen B. Marter. 

The children of Richard and Hope (Stone) Fet- 
ters were Elizabeth, Evaline, Hannah (deceased) 




1<C^^ 



THE CTTY OP CAMDEN. 



423 



and Caroline. Elizabeth married the late Jesse 
Smith, of Woodbury, by whom she had two chil- 
dren— Charlena F., born November 29, 1S41 (died 
ill infancy), and Kichard F. Smith, ibrracrly city 
treasurer and now sheritt" of Camden County. 
Evaline married the late Richard S. Humphreys. 
They had two children — Richard F. (who died in 
infancy) and Harry, born March 2, 1855, now a 
lumber merchant in Philadelphia. Caroline mar- 
ried Charles S. Humphreys, an artist of Camden, 
now deceased. They had five children, viz., — 
Charles F. (deceased), was married to Ella Corson 
of Camden, Evaline L. (deceased), George W., an 
attorney, married to Mary Coy of Palmyra, and 
Louis B., a real estate dealer, was married to Jen- 
nie McM. Strong, daughter of the late Nathan 
Strong, one of the first attorneys of Philadelphia. 
George W. and Louis B. are both of Camden. Ella 
F. (Mrs. Dr. Pemberton), now of Long Branch, N.J. 

Stockton. — In the year 184;i James D. Crowley, 
Thomas Phillips, George F. Jliller and William 
Jones, as the Kaighus Point Land Company, pur- 
chased of Dr. Isaac S. Mulford a tract of land east 
of the West Jersey Railroad, for which they paid 
two hundred and twenty-five dollars an acre. In 
the two succeeding years they purchased of Colonel 
Isaac W. Mickle and other Mickle heirs the land 
lying between Ferry Avenue and Jackson Street, 
to within a short distance of Evergreen Cemetery. 
This laud was part of the large tract purchased 
by Archibald Mickle about 1696, and which ex- 
tended from Kaighns Run, or Line Ditch, to 
Newton Creek. 

The Land Company laid out the land in build- 
ing lots, and named the settlement " Centrcville," 
which was subsequently changed to Stockton. 
Most of the tract was a corn-field and on it were 
two tenant-hou.ses, both on Central Avenue, one at 
the corner of Master and the other on Phillip Street. 
South of Ferry Avenue was a forest of oak-trees, 
and north of Stockton was a dense thicket, where 
rabbits, quail and smaller game were sought after, 
and not in vain. The lots were sold on easy terms 
and the sales were rapid until the burning of the 
ferry-boat " New Jersey," in 1856 (a history of which 
is given on page 369), checked the inflow of lumie- 
seekers from the western shore of the Delaware. 
The company donated land for school anil church 
purposes. That was the gift to the Stockton Bap- 
tist Society, on Vanhook Street, near Si.xth. When 
William Jones built the " Flat Iron," at the junc- 
tion of Ferry Avenue and Broadway, and applied 



for a license to sell liquor, the society remonstrated, 
for which he sought to take away the ground given 
them by the company, but was prevented by Mr. 
Crowley. In 1871 Stockton, f(u-ming a jiart of 
Newton township, was annexed to Camden as a 
portion of the Eighth Ward, when its growth re- 
ceived an impetus that still continues. The intro- 
duction of gas and water, with other advantages 
incident to city rule, led to the establishment of a 
number of manufactories, and these increase yearly, 
owing to the comparatively low price of land_ 
With these advantages, this section of the city is 
rapidly increasing in population. 

Kakjhn.sville was a settlement of colored per- 
sons, east of Seventh and south of Chestnut Street. 
Benjamin Vandyke was the first settler, an ex- 
emplary man, who built the small house now 
standing at Ann Street and Kaiglin Avenue in 
1838. There was no house near, and the lot upon 
which he built was part of John Kaighn's corn- 
field. Shortly afterwards Daniel Wilkins bought 
the land bounded by Seventh Street, Ann, Syca- 
more and Kaighn Avenue, selling portions to 
Dempsey D. Butler, who, coming from the South 
built on Kaighn Avenue, and to Daniel Sullivan^ 
who built the house on the southeast corner of Sev- 
enth and Sycamore, now used as a store by Francis 
Crossley. 

Anthony Colding built No. 736 Chestnut Street 
in 1848, and about that time Joshua Martin, Luke 
Derrickson, Henry Mackey, Charles Sobers, Shep- 
pard Sample, the school-master, Harriet Gibbs, 
James Mosely, William Evermau and other well- 
known colored people settled in the neighbor- 
hood, built churches and established schools. In 
1854 a conflagration destroyed almost the entire 
seltlement from Seventh to Ann, and Chestnut to 
Kaighn Avenue, but it was speedily rebuilt. In 
1871 it was taken into the city, with part of Newton 
township, and forms a part of the Seventh Ward, 
the population of which was, in 1875: White, 3001 ; 
colored, 758 ; and in 1885, white, 4663 ; colored, 
1142. The colored people of the Seventh Ward 
(formerly Kaighnsville) support three Methodist 
and one Baptist Church, and recently a colored 
Presbyterian Church has been added to the 
number. 

In the early days of the settlement a meeting 
was held to select a name, an<l Vandykesville was 
proposed, after Benjamin Vandyke, tlie first settler, 
but tliat worthy man would not liave it so, and 
the name of Kaighnsville was adopted. 



AUTOGKAPHS OF SETTLERS ON AND AROUND THE SITE OP CAMDEN, IN OLD 

NEWTON TOWNSHIP. 



MM^omQ <^^ ^.Stj^a^^ 



m^^ 



A first settler. Died 1710. Had sons 
William, Joseph and Daniel. 



A first settler. Died 1706. Had sons John 

Samuel, Daniel, Archibald, Isaac, 

Joseph and James. 



A first settler. Died 1724. Had sons John and 
Josejjh. 

A first settler and wealthy operator in lands. 
Sold to Kaighn, Mickle and others. 



rjydt At^''-'^ ^07m^J^^^ 



A first settler. Made the survey 1681, after 
purchased by Cooper. Died in 
London. 



The surveyor and chronicle of the first settlers. 

Died 1729. Had sons Thomas, Isaac 

and John. 



^ A^ ^^^n^ c57S-«*//^-^?^a. 



A first settler. Died 1694. Had sons Nathaniel, 
Robert, Elnathan and Simeon. 

Second son of William the emigrant. 

Died 1731. Had sons Joseph, 

Benjamin and Isaac. 



A first settler. Died 1702, and left sons, Benja- 
min and Thomas. 




Youngest son of William the emigrant. Died 171;' 
Had sons William, Samuel and 
Daniel. 



(jojap^^^afi^''^ ^cc^m rruc^t^ 



Second sou of Jolin the emigrant. Died 1749. Had 
sons Joseph, John and James. 



Son of Archibald the emigrant. Died 1785, 
leaving one son, Jacob. 



(i^o^^t 'T^'cJ^ r be/n^su^ ^<^W£^ 



Son of Archibald the emigrant. Died 1744. Had 
sons William, John and Samuel 



Son of Nathaniel and grandson of Robert the 
emigrant. 



Son of Mark the emigrant. Dicil 1706, 
leaving a son, Mark. 



g^ 



Uo tJi^-^rivi^ 



A first settler in 1681, with the Dublin 
emigrants. 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



425 



CHAPTEEII. 

MDNICIPAL HISTOEY. 

Incorporation— Supplements to Charter— New Charter— The Firet 
City Hall— The New City Hall— Civil I,ist— Water Department- 
Fire Department. 

Incorporation. — Camden was iucorpnrated as 
a city under a charter granted by the General As- 
sembly February 14, 1828, the bounds being thus 
described : 

" That such parts of the Township of Newton as aro contained 
within the following limits : beginning at the Pennsylvania line, in 
the river Delaware, opposite the mouth of a small run of water be- 
low Kaighnton, which run is the line between lands late of Isaac 
Mickle, deceased, and Joseph Kaighn, and running thence east to 
the mouth of said run, and thence up the same, tlio several courses 
thereof, crossing the public road leading to Woodbury from the 
Camden Academy; thence northerly along the east side of said road, 
to the road leading from Kaighnton to Coopers Creek Bridge ; 
thence along the eastwardly side of said last-mentioned road, and 
the southwardly side of the causeway and bridge to the middle of 
Coopers Creek ; thence down the middle thereof to the river Dela- 
ware ; thence due north to the middle of the channel between Pettys 
Island and the Jersey fast land, or shore ; thence down said channel 
and river to the nearest point on the line established between the 
States of Pennsylvani* and New Jersey ; thence down said line to 
the place of beginning, shall, and the same are hereby erected 
into a City, which shall henceforth be called and known by the 
name of the City of Camden." 

These bounds above described contained three 
and nine-tenths square miles, or two thousand four 
hundred and ninety-six acres, of fast land, and a 
population of eleven hundred and fortyrthree, 
separated into five groups or villages, eacli with 
one or more appellation applied to it. Coopers 
Point was known as "William Cooper's Ferry," 
Kaighus Point as "Kaighnton." "Pinchtown" 
was the term applied to Edward Sharp's settle- 
ment, on the river-shore, south of Federal Street. 
" Dogvvoodtown " was the term applied to a clus- 
ter of houses near Isaac Vansciver's carriage fac- 
tory, at Tenth Street and Federal, the name com- 
ing from the fact that many dogwood trees grew in 
tlie large grove in that locality. Camden was the 
title of that portion of the present city lying be- 
tween the river and Sixth Street and between 
Cooper Street and a line between Market Street 
and Arch. This last was the most considerable 
and contained a population greater than all the 
others combined. Outside these villages all was 
farm land and woodland. Extending from the 
mouth of Coopers Creek in a southwest direction to 
Fourth Street and Line, was a fine grove of oaks 
and pines, many of them of large size. Tlie re- 
mains of this grove are yet to be seen at the " Dia- 
mond Cottage." It was a mile from Kaighnton to 
Pinchtown, and in summer corn-fields covered the 
interval. With sucli rural belongings there seemed 



little in the conditions surrounding these eleven 
hundred and forty-three people demanding muni- 
cipal government, more than had existed during 
the one hundred and forty-six years that had 
elapsed since William Cooper's first talk with 
Arasapha at Coopers Point, in 1G82, soon atter set- 
tling there on his arrival from Burlington. Nor, 
indeed, was it for the purpose of laying out and 
improving the roads through the fields, orchards 
and forests covering most of the surface within the 
limits of the city that a charter was desirable. The 
township committee could mend and make roads 
as well and as cheaply as a committee of the City 
Council ; and the township government was not 
superseded by the charter. Yet it was because of 
these very conditions that a city government be- 
came a necessity. The woods and orchards lured 
multitudes of Philadelphiaus to these shores in 
search of shade, air and recreation, and the police 
force of a township aftbrded little restraint upon 
those inclined to turbulence, and there were many 
such. Besides the Vauxhall Garden and the Co- 
lumbia Garden, every ferry had itsjileasure garden, 
the profits of which arose largely from the sale of 
apple brandy and other intoxicants, which caused 
frolics and disturbances, and life and property be- 
came insecure. It wiis to suppress these troubles 
that led to the incorporation, with the belief that 
the police protection provided by a city government 
would accomplish the object desired. John Law- 
rence, Eichard Fetters, John K. Cowperthwaite 
and other large property-owners interested in the 
rule of order and quiet, sought for and, in defiance 
of strenuous opposition on the part of ferry-mas- 
ters, succeeded in procuring a charter providing 
for the election of a mayor and other ofiicials to 
restrain and arrest, and a Court of Quarter Sessions 
to convict and punish the unruly within the city's 
bounds. It was a police government, little else 
was sought after, and that was secured. The Quar- 
ter Sessions Court under the city charter did very 
eft'ective work ; but a certain authority says " It 
took thirty years before turbulence in Camden 
succumbed to the authority of the law." 

The provisions of the charter of February, 1828, 
were few and simple. With the supplement of 
March 1st of the same year, it provided for the 
election of one recorder and five aldermen at a 
joint meeting of the Legislature, and the election 
of five Common Councilmeu by the people, who, 
with a mayor elected by the Common Council, 
" .shall be one body politic, in deed, in fact, name 
and law, by the name, style and title of 'The 
Mayor, Aldermen and Common Council of the 
City of Camden.' " The mayor and recorder pre- 



426 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



sided at the meetings, the latter in the absence of 
the former, and both voted on all questions, but 
were without veto power. 

As thus constituted, the Common Council was 
empowered 

"To make such by-laws, Ordinances aud regulations, in writing, 
not repngnant to the Constitution and lawn of the State of New Jer" 
sey or of the United States, and the same to enforce, revoke, alter or 
amend, as to theni shall appear necessary for the well ordering and 
governing of the said City and its inhabitants; to appoint a City 
Treasurer, Marshall and such other subordinate officers as they may 
think necessary for the good government of the said City." 

Section 8 provided that Common Council 

" Shall have the sole and exclusive right of licensing and assessing 
every inn-keeper and retailer of sijirituous liquors residing within 
the City." 

These provisions embrace all the powers ex- 
pressly granted, and, as will be seen, were i)olice 
powers merely. Although a city, Camden was un- 
der the jurisdiction of Newton township, and so 
continued until 1831, when it was erected into a 
township called Camden township, thus presenting 
the peculiarity of a dual government, city and town- 
ship, each competent to exercise prerogatives both 
attempted to assume, the conflict of seeming 
authority leading at times to confusion, the same 
men sometmies acting in two bodies, the Common 
Council and the township committee, both of 
which were trying to mend the same piece of road, 
and both city and township levying a tax to raise 
money for the same purpose. The authority to 
levy taxes was not vested in the City Council, and 
that body never exercised such power until author- 
ized by the charter of 18r)l. The tax levy was 
fixed at the town-meeting, when city and township 
officers were elected, and the Council acted as the 
disbursing agent merely ; yet in the first year of 
its existence that body built the City Hall, and 
borrowed two thousand five hundred dollars of Ja- 
cob Evaul to pay for it. The only sure income of 
the city was derived from tavern licenses, and these 
taxed at rates ranging from ten to twenty-five dol- 
lars each, amounted to one hundred and eighty- 
two dollars in 1829. 

SnppLEMENT.s TO CHARTER. — Various supple- 
ments to the charter were passed by the Legisla- 
ture. Those of 1833 and 1837 were unimportant, 
while that of IS-W (the year Camden County was 
erected), in addition to the provision making the 
mayor elective liy a direct vote of the people, gave 
the Council the exclusive authority to grade, curb 
and macadamize the streets, and to compel owners 
to pave their sidewalks. 

The supplement of 1848 divided the city into 
three wards — that portion lying north of Arch 
Street aud Federal to be called the North Ward ; 



the district between the above-named streets and 
Line Street to be called the Middle Ward ; and all 
south of Line Street to be called the South Ward. 
Each ward was entitled to elect two Councilmen 
and one chosen freeholder. These six Councilmen 
the five aldermen provided for in the charter of 
1828, with the mayor and recorder, constituted the 
Common Council, with little increase of power 
over that conferred by the act of incorporation of 
twenty years before. There was no authority to 
survey and regulate the grades of the city. Houses 
were built in swamps and on hilltops, each side- 
walk had an altitude of its own, and adjoining 
pavements would vary in height. The city was 
laid out in sections. Jacob Cooper laid out the 
town of Camden, in 1773, on a regular plan, which, 
if it had been followed, would have resulted in 
some ai)proach to uniformity, but, unfortunately, 
the city was planned in sections, each regular with- 
in itself, but irregular in relation to the others. 
Joseph Kaighn laid out Kaighnton, and Richard 
Fetters planned Fettersville. Robert Stevens 
made his plat, south of Bridge Av.pnue and west of 
Fourth Street, to correspond with Jacob Cooper's 
original jjlan of a town, but the streets running 
south from Camden, and the streets running north 
from Kaighnton, reached Line Street two hundred 
feet apart. William D. Cooper laid out Coopers 
Hill into lots without regard to any of the .streets 
to the north, south or west. The result is that Sec- 
ond Street is the only street west of Eighth con- 
tinuous in its course from the northern to the 
southern bounds of the city. The Council had no 
power to prevent such an untoward state of aflairs. 
The city was growing rajiidly, with a population 
of nearly ten thousand. The old charter, intended 
only to confer police powers, was inadequate to 
present needs, which required prerogatives of a 
more enlarged character. 

New Charter. — A new act of incorporation, 
which should cover present and future require- 
ments, was dratted, which served its purpose, witli 
a few simple modifications, for twenty-one years, 
and until the population had increased three-fold. 
This was known as the Dudley charter, being 
drawn up by Thomas H. Dudley, and was pa.ssed 
by the Legislature at the session of 1850. The 
bounds of the city, under this charter, were left 
unchanged, and the division into North, Jlid- 
dle and South Wards was maintained. The ofli- 
cers were a mayor, a recorder, six aldermen, six 
Councilmen, a clerk, a treasurer and a marshal, 
besides ward officers. The mayor and Councilmen 
were elected annually, the recorder and aldermen 
triennially. The mayor, aldermen and Councilmen, 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



427 



or a majority of them, constituted the City Council 
of the city of Camden. The mayor or, in his ab- 
sence, one of the aldermen presided, but the mayor 
liad no vote save when there was a tie. By the 
supplement of 1851 the mayor and aldermen were 
eliminated, and each ward elected six Councilmen 
for three years, two each year, and the Council 
thus constituted elected a president from their own 
number to preside. Among the new and essential 
powers granted by the new charter to the City 
Council were these, — To cause the city to be sur- 
veyed and majjped, and compel persons opening 
streets to open them in accordance with the sur- 
vey ; to regulate the erection of buildings and pre- 
scribe their character ; to raise by tax money for 
municipal purposes, and also for school purposes ; 
to appoint police officers ; to regulate the water 
supply, appoint fire wardens and regulate firemen. 
The power to raise money for school purposes was 
transferred to the school trustees by the supple- 
ment of 1853. Under the charter of 1828 farm 
lands and improvements were not taxable for city 
purposes, but it was to be assessed at its true 
value, and taxed for all purposes. The authority 
to grant liquor licenses was omitted, but the omis- 
sion was supplied by the supplement of 1852, 
which also enlarged the powers concerning the 
construction of houses, and authorized the appoint- 
ment of building inspectors. Other supplements 
to the charter were made from time to time, as 
new wants, suited to the new conditions attending 
rapid growth, made it necessary. One, in 1860, 
conveyed authority to construct culverts and abate 
nuisances, while that of 1866 divided the city into 
culvert districts, and, under its provisions, more 
drainage has been accomplished than in most cities 
of the size, and the cost so distributed as to be 
scarcely felt. In 1864 power was given to build a 
work-house and to borrow money, limiting the sum 
to not more than one hundred and fifty thousand 
dollars, and not more than twenty-five thousand 
dollars in any one year. The same act jirovided 
for the election, by the people, of a city treasurer, 
city surveyor and a city solicitor for terms of two 
years. They had been elected annually by the 
City Council. 

These comprise the principal amendments to the 
Dudley charter of 1850, which had served its pur- 
pose well and under it the city hail made phe- 
nomenal advances, but in 1870, with a population 
of over twenty thousand and over eight thousand 
jieople in Stockton and other contiguous settle- 
ments, whose wants were identical with those with- 
in the corporate limits, it was deemed wise to 
extend the borders, and so enlarge the prerogatives 



of the city government as to enable it to meet 
exigencies sure to arise and increase with its 
growth. 

Alden C. Scovel was city solicitor, and to him 
was assigned the task of preparing a fundamental 
law broad enough to provide for the present and 
future requirements of the metropolis of West 
Jersey. The result was "An act to revise and 
amend the charter of the city of Camden : Ap- 
proved February 14, 1871," precisely forty-three 
years after the first charter was granted, in which 
time the population had increased over seventeen- 
fold, or, including the annexed suburbs, twenty- 
five-fold. 

The revised charter extinguished the ancient 
township of Newton. Camden was taken from it 
in 1831, Haddon township in 1865 and what re- 
mained was annexed to Camden in 1871. The 
new bounds of the city are thus given in the 
charter, — 

" Beginuiug at a point in the river Delaware, as far westerly as 
the jurisdictiouof the State of New Jersey extends, opposite to the 
mouth of a stream of water called Newton Creek ; thonco running 
easterly to the mouth of said Newton Creek, and thence up the 
centre of said creek, the several courses thereof, to the North branch 
of said Newton Creek ; thence following the centre of said North 
branch of said Newton Creek, its several courses thereof,to^the middle 
of the Mount Ephraim turnpike road ; thence in a northwesterly 
course along the middle of said Mount Ephraim turnpike road to 
the intersection of said Mount Ephraim turnpike road and the 
Stockton and Newtown turnpike road, also known as Kaighns Point 
ferry road ; thence along the middle of the said Stockton and New- 
town turnpike road, in a northeasterly direction, to the middle of the 
White Horse turnpike road ; thence northeasterly along the middle 
of the said Stockton and Newtown turnpike road to the middle of 
the Haddonfield turnpike road ; thence, in a nol theasterly direction 
in a straight line with the middle lino of the said Stockton and 
Newtown turnpike road to the middle of Coopers Creek ; thence 
down the middle of said creek in a northwesterly direction along the 
several courses thereof to the river Delaware ; thence due north to 
the middle of the channel between I'etty's Island and the Jei-sey 
fast land or shore ; thence due west to a point as far west as the jur- 
isdiction of the State of New Jersey extends ; thence down the Dela- 
ware river on aline as far westerly a* the jurisdiction extends to the 
place of beginning." 

The area within these bounds was six and a half 
square miles, and the population in 1870, 28,482. 
That census shows a remarkable similarity in the 
jiopulation of the three old divisions of the city : 
North Ward, 6666; Middle Ward, 6684; South 
Ward, (;695. 

The city was divided into eight wards, Fourth 
Street serving for the north and south line between 
the three — North, Middle anil South — wards, and 
forming of North Ward, the First and Second ; of 
Middle Ward, the Third and Fourth ; and of 
South Ward, the Fifth and Sixth Wards ; while 
Kaighn Avenue, extended in a straight line to 
Coopers Creek, forms the division line between the 
Seventh and Eighth Wards. 



428 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Each ward, besides ward officers, an assessor, 
constable, overseer of the poor, ward clerk, com- 
missioners of appeal and election officers, was en- 
titled to elect one chosen freeholder, one alderman, 
two members of the Board of Education and three 
Councilmen. 

The mayor, recorder, city treasurer, receiver of 
taxes, aldermen and councilmen were made elec- 
tive by the people for three years, and members of 
the Board of Education for two years. The City 
Council was empowered to appoint a city clerk, 
city surveyor, building inspector, city solicitor, 
sealer of weights and measures and such other 
officers as might be deemed necessary for the 
proper conduct of the affairs of the city. Under 
this provision, the Council has established the 
offices of superintendent of the water-works, clerk 
of the Water Department, chief of the Fire Depart- 
ment, supervisor of highways, city controller and 
subordinate offices in these various departments. 
The appointment and control of the police and a 
chief of police was with the Council, but was trans- 
ferred to the mayor by a supplement in 1872. By 
a supplement passed in 1874, provision was made 
for the election of three city assessors, who shall 
have sole charge of the valuation of property for 
taxing purposes, and the ward assessors, who pre- 
viously performed that duty, all of whom were 
constituted a court of appeal from unjust taxation. 
The ward offic'e of judicious freeholders or com- 
missioners of appeal, was abolished. 

In the spring of 1872 there was a deadlock in 
the City Council on the election of a president, 
and the Legislature passed a supplement, provid- 
ing for the election of a Councilman-at-large, mak- 
ing the number of Councilmen twenty-five. 

By the supplement of March 12, 1873, the city 
debt was limited to one million dollars, and loans 
for any one year should not exceed twenty-five 
thousand dollars. Statutes have since been enac- 
ted enlarging these limitations. 

In 1876 an act was passed amending the charter 
by transferring the power to grant tavern licenses 
from the City Council to the Court of Common 
Pleas, on an appeal to the Supreme Court, the 
act was declared to be unconstitutional, because 
special, and therefore, void. 

The revision of 1871 was an amplification of the 
charter of 1850, enlarging the powers of the City 
Council in some cases and making them plainer in 
others, and is sufficiently elastic, while stringent, 
to secure good government under good manage- 
ment. 

The enlargement of the city bounds included a 
large amount of farm land, chiefly in the Eighth 



Ward, the owners of which objected to paying a 
tax-rate demanded by urban improvements, and 
desired to sever the connection. To this end an act 
was pa.ssed by the Legislature setting off that por- 
tion of the ward lying east of a line running from 
Tenth Street and Kaighn Avenue, south to Vanhook 
Street, east to the west line of Evergreen Cemetery, 
and south to the north branch of Newton Creek, to 
Haddon Avenue. The terms of the act were : that 
the set off portion should pay a pro rata share, esti- 
mated by assessed values of the city debt incurred 
and unpaid subsequent to the annexation of New- 
ton townshijJ in 1871 ; three of the Haddon town- 
ship committee and three citizens of Camden ap- 
pointed for the purpose, to ascertain and report, 
and if the amount apportioned was not paid with- 
in three months after such report was made, the 
act was to be null and void. The assessment was 
made and the report rendered, but the residents 
failing to pay within the time specified, the trans- 
fer failed. 

The First City Hall. — The charter incorporat- 
ing the town of Camden into a city was obtained 
in 1828. After the election of members to form the 
Council of the new city had taken place, they met 
for the first time and organized in a building used 
for the meeting of various societies within the 
limits of what was long known as the Vauxhall 
Garden. Soon thereafter a room on the second 
story of Richard Fetters' store, at the southeast 
corner of Third Street and Market, was rented as a 
" Council-room and Court Hall." This place was 
used but a short time. On May 14th of the same 
year three lots were purchased on the south side of 
Federal Street, and the building committee, com- 
posed of .lohn K. Cowperthwaite, Samuel Laning 
and Richard F'etters, was empowered to borrow 
two thousand five hundred dollars on the credit of 
the city, with which to erect an appropriate "City 
Hall, Court-House and Jail." The money was 
obtained from Jacob Evaul, a well-to-do farmer, 
who lived a short distance from town. The build- 
ing then erected was of stone, with a brick front of 
forty feet on Federal Street, and two stories high, 
with an attic. It was completed by the early part 
of 1829. Gideon V. Stivers was the carpenter; 
William Fortiuer, the mason ; David R. Lock, 
now (1886) engaged in the produce business in the 
market on the site of the old City Hall, was 
one of the workmen employed by the master car- 
])enter. The basement of the building contained 
the prison. The court-room, used also for the 
sessions of the Council, and for public meetings, 
was in the second story, and the attic served the 
purpose of a jury-room. A broad stairway on the 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



429 



outside led to the second slorv, wlirre an entiaiiee 
was gained through a doubK; door. The " third 
story " was let to Camden Lodge, No. 45, at twenty 
dollars per year, but if the Council saw fit to put in 
" Dorniand" windows, the lodge was to pay I'cnr 
dollars additional, and the Council was to have 
the use of the mom on "said third story at all the 
Courts of (.Quarter Sessions." This unpretentious 
structure served the purpose for which it was de- 
signed during a period of hal fa century, undergoing, 
but few cluuiires. Abnnt Ihirtv years after it was 



scenes and ini'idents that tool< phu'c wilhiii its 
walls bel'ore its ileuiolition, il would ha\e furnislicd 
nuich that is interesting. 

The New City Hali>. — This nuissive structure 
(if imposing appearance is the second building 
which (!am<len lias owne<l and used for the trans- 
action of municipal affairs and I'or keeping the 
records of the city. It is constructed of a fine 
quality of brick, is trimmed in brown-stone and 
has large, airy and <'onvenient apartments. Its 
situation is on an elevation and from its summit is 




I 111 M w (in II u I 



erected, a one-story building was added on either 
side of the front stairway. One was used as an 
office for the mayor, and the other for the clerk. Tl i is 
historic old building, in which the "city fathers" 
discussed the great questions pertaining to the 
IHiblic good and the successful growth and devel- 
opment of the city and her people, served its pur- 
pose for a period of half a century. In 1877 it gave 
place to the market-honse then erected on the 
same site. Could the old hall of justice and legis- 
lation have told its own history, and described the 
51 



alfor 
lip :i 



•d a line view of the two cities, of the scenery 
I down the noble Delaware and a large area 
(if the suiidiinding country. The original hall 
was iiisiidicient for the demands of a rajiidly-grow- 
ing and i)rosper(ins city, wliich, after the annexa- 
tion of the township of Newton, had a popnlalion 
of nearly thirty thousand. The demands I'or a 
lU'W city hall became urgent. An act of the Leg- 
islature was passed giving the city authorities 
power to issue and dispose of bonds to the 
amount of seventv-five thousand dollars, and in 



430 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



1871, Jesse W. Starr offered to donate four and 
one-half acres of land upon which to construct 
the building. After considerable discussion, re- 
sulting from the location of the land which was 
then and is yet without the limits of the built-up 
portion of the city, the generous offer wiis not ac- 
cepted until 1874. Frederick Bourquin, Claudius 
W. Bradshaw, James S. Henry, Charles S. MoH'clt, 
John S. Read, William C. Figner, Joseph H. 
Hall, Augustus J. Fulnier, Charles 8. Archer, 
William T. I'.ailey and James A. Parsons were ap- 
pointed a building committee. The plans and 
specifications of the building were prepared by 
Architect Samuel D. Button, of Camden, and the 
contract for the construction of the building was 
given to E. Allen Ward for the sum of one hun- 
dred and twenty-five thousand dollars. Prepara- 
tious were immediately made and the work of 
erection progressed ra])idlyand soon after the com- 
pletion of the building the first session of the City 
Council was held in it during the month of De- 
cember, 1875. Of the exact cost of this building 
the truthful historian sayctli not. A committee 
appointed to inquire into the subject in 1883 esti- 
mated the cost at one hundred and forty thousand 
dollars. This estimate included the cost of con- 
.structiou only and not the internal fixings re([uired 
to fit up and furnish the apartments within the 
building. The increase of the cost above the 
amount originally reported was caused by changes 
being made in the plans during the time the luiiid- 
ing was in the course of erection. 

Mayors ov Camhen. — The following is a com- 
plete list of the mayors of Camden with the terms 
of their services. Following this list are bio- 
graphical sketches of each of them : 



18'j8-30, Samuel Laning. 
1830-38. Gideon V. Stivera. 
1838-4(1. Elias Kaighn. 
1840-44. Loroiizo F. Fislor. 



1857-58. BBUJauiiu A. Hai 
1858-60. CMaytou Truax. 
1860-02. Tbiimaa B. Atkii 
1802-03. I'aul O. BuiU. 



1844-45. John K. Cowpellhwuite. 1803-1)4. Timothy Middleton. 

1815-40. Ohailes Kaigliu.' 1SG4-07. Paul ('. Build. 

1840-18. Tlionias B. W.io.l. 1807-71. Charles CJox. 

1848-49, Benjamin A. Hamraell. 1871-74. Samuel M. Gaul. 

1849-51. Charles SoxUui. 1874-70. John H. Jones. 

1851-52. Lorenzo K. Fisler. 1870-77. John Morgan. 

1852-5;). Charles D. Ilineline. 1877-So. James \V. Ayers. 

1853-.'i5. Lorenzo V. Kisler. 1880-80. Claudius W. Bradshuw. 

1855-50. .Samuel Scull. IRSli. .lesse PniU. 
1860-.57. James W. .SlirotV. 

Samuel Laninii, llic first mayor of ('amden, 
was elected by the Council in 1828 and 1829, re- 
signing in February, \S'M, a few weeks before the 
e.xpiration of his term. He was long a prominent 
mun in public aflairs, a builder by occupation, su- 



1 Richard W. Howell \ 
doclined to serve. 



> elected for the term beginniui; 1845 but 



pervising the erection of the old City Hall, on Fed- 
eral Street, in 1828. In 1840 he built the row of 
three-story brick houses on the south side of Fed- 
eral Street below Second, then regarded as an im- 
]>ortant improvement. For several years he and 
his son Paul conducted a livery stable at Front 
Street and Federal. He was an alderman for a 
number of years. 

(iiDEON V. Stivers, elected by the C'<uincil in 
1830, and each succeeding year until 1837, inclu- 
sive, was born in Bellville, Essex County, in 17S(i, 
and learned his trade of carpenter in New York 
City. When free he followed his trade in Newark 
for a short time and then came to Camden. The first 
house he built in this city, was for Edward Sharp, 
in 1810, Silas Willilts doing the mason work. The 
house still stands on the southeast corner of Second 
and Cooper. He also built St. Paul's Church and 
many other buildings. His shop was on Fourth 
Street below Market. After he came to Camden 
he turned his attention to bridge-building, his 
first effort in that line being the bridge over the 
Delaware between Lambertville and New Hope. 
David Locks and Benjamin M, Farrow, now resid- 
ing in Camden, worked for him, the latter as an 
apprentice. In 1838 he removed to Philadelphia, 
returning to Camden in 1800. In 18ii9 he was the 
Democratic candidate for mayor, but was defeated. 
In 1865 he again removed to Philadelphia, where 
he died February 2G, 1.S70. 

Klias Kaiohn, the third mayor, elected by 
the Council in 1838 and re-elected in 1839, was 
born September 23, 1799, atClarksboro', Gloucester 
County, and when of age came to Camden, locating 
at Kaighns Point, where he engaged in industrial 
pursuits. He was made an alderman and as such 
took his seat in the Council in 1835 and many sub- 
sequent years, being elected by the people in 1841, 
when his commission had expired, but resuming 
his office as an alderman the following year. He 
was elected a member of the City Council by the 
Democrats of the .South Ward in 1853 fi)r three 
years. He was also a member of the Camden 
township committee and of the Board of Chosen 
Kreeholders. He \v.as a member of the .Melht.dist 
t!hurch when located at Fourth and Federal, and 
was one of the organizers of the Ihiion Metliodist 
Episcopal Church, Fifth and .Mount Vernon, with 
which he remained until his death, holding various 
official positions, as steward and class-leader, being 
as energetic in his religious life as in his business 
enterprises. He died November 4, 1804. 

Lorenzo F. Fisi.er, M.D., was elected mayor 
by Council in 1840 and re-elected in 1841-42 and 
'43, he being one of the aldermen of the city and 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



431 



as such taking his seat in the Council in 1839. He 
was a candidate for mayor on the Wliig ticlcet in 
184S, but was defeated by Benjamin A. Hainiucll, 
American. The vote was, Haiiimcll, '2(111 ; Fislcr, 
243; Jonathan Burr, Democrat, 249. 

In 1851 he was elected as the American candi- 
date, receiving 440 votes to 345 votes for John 
Sands, Democrat, and 135 for Dr. Othniel H. 
Taylor, Whig. In 1852 he was defeated by Charles 
D. Hineline, Democrat, the vote being, Hineline, 
514; Fisler, 512; Walter Patton, Whig, GO. 

He was the Whig and American candidate in 
1853, and was elected, his vote being 649 to 477 for 
Albert W. Markley, Democrat, and was re-elected 
in 1854 as the American and anti-Nebraska nomi- 
nee, receiving 833 votes to 450 for John K. Cow- 
perthwaite. He was the Republican candidate in 
1859, but was defeated, as he was in 18GG and 1869, 
when on the Democratic ticket. He was born in 
Cumberland County in 1797, came to Camden in 
183G and died in 1871. 

(For sketch of Judge John K. Cowperthwaite, 
the fifth mayor, see page 215, and for sketch of 
Richard W. Howell, Esq., a i)romincnt lawyer, see 
page 217. 

Charles Kaighx was the sixth mayor. Rich- 
ard W. Howell was elected by the people in Jlarch, 
1845, but refused to serve, and City Council elected 
Chas. Kaighn. He was born June 30, 1806, in the 
Ferry House, Front and Kaighn Avenue, and was 
the great-grandson of John Kaighn, the first set. 
tier at Kaighns Point. In the division of the 
estate of his father, Joseph Kaighn, his share in- 
cluded the lands lying east on Locust Street, and 
this he sought to improve by wharfing the river- 
front, where the ship-yard now is, providing better 
ferry facilities and filling up the low grounds, and 
it was to aid the last improvement that he pro- 
jected a railroad upon which to haul earth from 
tlic high lands, the road-bed of which, along At- 
lantic Avenue, is used by the Gloucester Railroad- 
He was member of City Council, townshii) com- 
mittees and Board of Chosen Freeholders. He 
was a stanch advocate of education, a friend to 
the poor and a philanthropist. He removed to 
I'liiladelpliia. He wassecretary of the Camden Gas- 
Light Company when he died, February 19, 1868. 

Thomas B. Wood, elected mayor in 1846 and re- 
elected in 1847, was born at AUowaystown, Salem 
County, and worked on a farm until he removed 
to Willianistown, Gloucester County, where he 
was employed in a store and afterwards kept one 
of the hotels in that village. In 1843 he was 
elected to the State Assembly by the Democrats. 
During the session of 1844 the county of Camden 



was set off from Glouce.-;ter. and Willianistown, in- 
cluded in Washington township was embraced 
within the limits of the new county, of which 
Wood was appointed the county clerk, when here- 
moved to Camden and was made mayor. When 
his terra as clerk expired in 1849, he engaged in 
business at the foot of Cooper Street, and after- 
wards kept a store on Pine Street below Fourth, 
where he died. 

Bexjamix a. Hammell was may(n- twice: In 
1848, when, as the Native American candidate, he 
received 269 votes to 259 for Jonathan Burr, Dem- 
ocrat, and Lorenzo F. Fisler, Whig, and in 1857, 
when, as a Democrat, he received 576 votes to 529 
for Joseph J. Moore, American, and 295 for Charles 
Reeves, Republican. He was a member of Council 
in 1845 and in 1851; was a member for three years 
for the Middle Ward. He was engaged in the 
sausage business, and died August 26, 1869. 

Charles Sexton was born near Jacobstown, 
Burlington County, and came to Camden in 1824. 
He worked for Isaac Cole as a coach-trimmer, and 
later was in the employ of the Camden and Am- 
boy Railroad Company, at the shops at Borden- 
town. He was an ordained Baptist minister. Al- 
though never settled as a pastor, he preached in 
many of the pulpits in this section of the State, 
and assisted in establishing several churches. He 
became a man of influence, and was well known 
for his exemplary life. He was elected to the City 
Council in 1845, and was elected mayor, as Uie 
Whig and American candidate, in 1849, receiving 
421 votes to 376 for Charles D. Hineline, Democrat. 
He was re-elected in 1850, by a vote of 477 to 
349 votes for George Smith, Democrat. He died 
in 1883, at an advanced age. 

Charles D. Hineline, elected in 1852, was 
an erratic but brilliant man. He was born in 
Northampton County, Pennsylvania, and learned 
the trade of a printer in Philadelphia. He came 
to Camden in 1842, and purchased the Tribune, 
a weekly paper, of Harrison & Ferguson ; took in 
with him as partner Henry Curtz, now of 413 
Federal Street, and changed the name to the 
American Star. In a few months he sold out his 
interest to a man named Crane, and went West. 
Returning in 1845, in the following year he estab- 
lished the Camden Democrat, which he conducted 
with success until 1853, when he sold it to Isaac 
Mickle, the lawyer and historian, and returned to 
his birth-place, in Northampton County, where 
he kept store and engaged in the liquor business. 
Ill success attended him, and in 1855 he again came 
to Camden and established a weekly paper called 
the Spirit o/'76, which, in a lew months, was merged 



432 



HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



into the Camden Democrat. Shortly afterwards be, 
with Henry L. Bonsall and William Van Nortwick, 
established the Mechanics' Own, a labor paper, in 
Philadelphia, and a few years later Charles D. 
Hineline died. He represented Camden County 
in the Assembly in 1850 and 1851, and was largely 
instrumental in securing the passage of the law 
limiting the hours of labor to ten each day. 
He was an earnest advocate of the rights of the 
workingman, and with voice and pen advocated 
laws calculated to lighten the exhaustiveness of 
labor. 

Samuel Scull was elected mayor by the Amer- 
ican party in 1855, by a vote of 641 to 544 votes 
for Thomas B. Atkinson. He was born in Camden 
in 1816, and worked for a time at carriage-making, 
his father, Samuel Scull, being one of the earliest 
and most extensive carriage-makers of the city. 
He afterwards engaged in the sausage business, his 
factory being on the .southeast corner of Locust 
and Kaighn Avenue. He was elected to Council 
in 1851, and re-elected in 1854 and 1856, and served 
three terms in the Assembly. He was one of the 
pillars of the Union Methodist Episcopal Church. 
He died January 4, 1864. 

James W. Shroff, mayor in 1856, was elected 
by the Democrats, his vote being 752, to 730 for 
Joseph Myers, American and Anti-Nebraska. He 
was a carpenter and builder, and for many years 
had cliarge of the moulding loft at Starr's Iron 
Works. He died in 1864. 

Clayton Teuax, the thirteenth mayor, was 
born in Gloucester City December 11, 1814, and 
came to Camden in 1883, when eighteen years old, to 
learn the trade of shoemaking with Reilly Barrett, 
which avocation he followed with success for many 
years, his shop and store being on Arch Street, 
below Fourth. In 1855 he was elected to repre- 
sent the Middle Ward in the City Council, and in 
1860, having served as mayor, was again elected to 
Council, and re-elected in 1863, making nine years 
of service, during which time he was a leading 
and influential member. 

In 1858 he was the candidate of the American 
party for mayor, receiving also the support of the 
Republicans, and was elected by a vote of 879, to 
768 for Samuel Doughty, the Democratic nominee. 
He was re-elected in 1859, having as competitors 
Gideon V. Stivers, Democrat, and Dr. Lorenzo F. 
Fisler, Republican. The vote was, Truax, 863; 
Stivers, 353 ; Fisler, 374. He died July 19, 1876, 
and was the first public man in whose honor the 
new city hall bell was tolled. 

Thomas B. Atkinson was elected to Council 
from the Middle Ward in 1853, and recorder in 



1856, as a Democrat, his vote being 777 to 647 for 
William J. Miller, American. He was defeated 
for mayor in 1855 by Samuel Scull, and in 1867 
and 1869 by Charles Cox, but was elected in 18611, 
receiving 608 votes to 578 for Paul C.Budd, Ameri- 
can, and 547 for William F. Colbert, Republican ; 
in 1861, the vote being, — Atkinson, 904; Budd, 
634; Samuel Hufty, 480. 

Mr. Atkinson was born in Camden in 1815, 
and was a son of Josiah Atkinson, a prominent 
citizen and a magistrate of the county. He was a 
carpenter and builder, and a number of large 
buildings in the city were the result of his handi- 
work ; among them, the Third Street Methodist 
Episcopal Church, Third and Bridge Avenue. He 
became connected with the church during the 
great revival of 1837-38, and to the end remained 
a consistent member. He died January 3, 1886. 

Paul C. Budd was born in Philadelphia in 
1804, and came to Camden twenty years afterward, 
where he worked for Isaac Vansciver, the carriage- 
maker, as a coach-painter. House-painting was 
also in his line, and he worked at it for many 
years. In 1852 he was elected justice of the peace 
in the North Ward, and re-elected five successive 
times, making a total service of thirty years. He 
was appointed crier of the county courts in 1859, 
and held the position until within a short time of 
his death, a period of nearly twenty-two years. He 
was seven times a candidate for mayor, being de- 
feated three times — in 1860 and 1861 by Thomas 
B. Atkinson, and in 1863 by Timothy Middle- 
ton. 

The following is the vote cast when he was 
elected mayor : 1862 — P. C. Budd, American-Re- 
publican, 987; James M. Cassady, Democrat, 716. 
1864— P. C. Budd, Republican, 1169; Timothy 
Middleton, Democrat, 868. 1865— P. C. Budd, Re- 
publican, 1126; Wesley P. Murray, Democrat, 
857; 1866, P. C. Budd, Republican, 1304; Lorenzo 
F. Fisler, Democrat, 1188. 

In 1874 he was elected city recorder for three 
years. During his term (1876), John H. Jones, 
the mayor, died, but before Recorder Budd could 
take po.ssession, by virtue of his office of recorder, 
the City Council held a special meeting and elected 
John Morgan to fill the vacancy. Paul C. Budd 
died in 1881. 

Timothy Mipdleton, elected mayor in 1863 
over Paul C. Budd, Rejiublican, by a vote of 958 
to 948, was born January 21, 1817, in the stone 
house, on the Kaighn farm, now standing on Sixth 
Street, north of Kaighn Avenue. His father, 
Amos A. Middleton, worked some of the Kaighn 
land and afterwards the AVilliam Cooper farm, and 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



433 



was a member of the City Council for ten consecu- 
tive years, — 1838 to 1848. Ontliese farms young 
Middleton was brought up, obtaining bis education 
in slack seasons at the Camden Academy, or in 
the Hatch school-house. On November 19, 1840, 
he married Hester A. R. Jenkins, daughter of 
Andrew Jenkins, and rented the Johnson farm at 
Pea Shore, and then the Johnson fiirm at Glouces- 
ter City. He removed to Camden in 1857. In 
1.%1 he was elected city marshal by the Demo- 
crats, and, in 1863, mayor. He was a candidate 
for the latter office in 1864, but was defeated by 
Paul C. Budd. He was of kindly disposition and 
generally loved and respected. He died April 15, 
1867. 

Charles Cox was elected mayor in 1S67, on the 
Republican ticket, by a vote of 1173 to 1107 for 
Thomas B. Atkinson, re-elected in 1868 by 1408 to 
1289 for Dr. Lorenzo F. Fisler, in 1869 by 1575 to 
1280 for Thomas B. Atkinson ; and in 1870 by a 
vote of 1640 to 1575 for William H. Jeffreys. In 
1871 he was the Republican candidate for city re- 
corder, and was elected by a vote of 2420 to 2221 
votes for John Goldthorpe. 

Charles Cox was born at White Horse, Camden 
County, February 15, 1820, and worked at farming 
until fifteen years of age, when he was apprenticed 
to Jacob Shaffer to learn the painters' trade, which 
he pursued when he came to Camden, in 1839, and 
followed for twenty years afterwards. He then 
engaged in the milk business, with his depot on 
Bridge Avenue, below Fourth Street, at the house 
he built for his residence many years before. When 
his term as recorder expired, in 1884, he opened a 
magistrate's office, associating with it the real es- 
tate business. He was elected assessor of the city 
in 1844 as a Whig. He has been a consistent mem- 
ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church for years. 

Samuel M. Gaul, elected mayor in 1871 by a 
vote of 2415 to 2297 for William H. Jeffreys, Dem- 
ocrat, is a native of Philadelphia, where he was 
born June 2, 1822. He learned shoemakiug, 
came to Camden in 1858, and in 1861 enlisted in 
the army as first lieutenant of Company G, Fourth 
New Jersey Volunteers ; served through the war 
and won the captaincy of Company F, same regi- 
ment. The only other political office he has held 
was that of assessor of the South Ward, to which he 
was elected by the Republicans in 1870. 

John H. Joxes was elected mayor in 1874, by 
the Democrats, over Henry L. Bonsall, Republi- 
can, the vote being, Jones, 2789; Bonsall, 2748. 
He died before the completion of his term. He 
was born in Queen Anne's County, Md., in 1809, 
and, at the age of fourteen, went to Phihulelphia, 



became a book and jol) printer, and later published 
the Daihj Sun, a Native American organ. lie 
afterwards published the American Banner, a 
weekly advocate of Native American principles, 
and which found extensive patronage in West 
Jersey. He came to Camden and assumed the 
leadership of the American party, which, for sev- 
eral years, was dominant in the city and strong 
throughout this section of the State. In 1858 he 
was the nominee of a section of the party in the 
First District for Congress, but was dei'cated, and, 
in 1859, was the unsuccessful candidate of that 
party for sheriff of Camden County. He served in 
the Board of Chosen Freeholders from the Seventh 
Ward, and there, as elsewhere, was progressive in 
his views. In 1870, when the Camden Demoa'at 
was struggling for life, Mr. Jones was given charge 
of it and his vim and ability soon placed it in the 
van of influential journals in this part of the State. 
As a politician and journalist, he advocated the 
rights of the working men, and, as an employer, 
practiced his precepts, always paying high wages. 
He was childless, but no waif was turned from his 
door, and there were always happy children in his 
house. He left the mayor's office on the evening of 
October 27, 1876, and went to his home at Seventh 
Street and Pine, and, shortly after entering, died 
without a word. 

John Morgan was appointed mayor by the 
City Council to serve the unexpired term of John 
H. Jones upon his death, October 27, 1876, and he 
filled the office until the following March, when, 
as the Democratic candidate, he was defeated by 
James W. Ayers. He was a silver-plater, born in 
Philadelphia, and, coming to Camden in 1841, he 
carried on an extensive business in his line. He 
died some years ago. 

James W. Ayers, elected mayor on the Repub- 
lican ticket in 1877, over John Morgan, by a vote 
of 3907 to 3030, was born in New York City, No- 
vember 24, 1822, of New Jersey parents, and, 
when ten years of age was apjjrenticed to the 
hair cloth and curled hair trade, serving six years. 
At sixteen he was employed as a journeyman. In 
1841 he came to Camden, and, for sixteen years 
worked for Samuel Ross, the hair cloth manufac- 
turer, at Fourth and Federal. He was on the po- 
lice force in 1861, and again, from 1864 to 1874 
under Mayors Budd, Cox and Gaul. When not on 
the police force, he was employed by the Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad in various capacities, as also since 
the expiration of his term as mayor, in 1880. He 
was chief engineer of the Volunteer Fire Depart- 
ment, and was elected a member of coiuirjl from 
the Middle Ward in 1859. 



434 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



CLAUinrs W. Bradshaw was born in Sbeffield, 
England, October 29, 1835 ; came to America with 
Ills parents in 1840, who located in West Philadel- 
phia, and in 184:i removed to Camden, where, 
after obtaining his education, the son learned the 
trade of a wood-turner. He worked at this busi- 
ness for many years ; in the meantime was an 
active member of the Independence Fire Company. 
In 1870 he was elected city marshal by the Demo- 
crats, and in 1872, at a special election, he was 
elected Councilman-at-large, and broke the dead- 
lock in the Council, which had continued for sev- 
eral weeks. In 1876 he was appointed chief of the 
Fire Department by the City Council. In 1880 the 
Democrats elected him mayor by a vote of 3511 
to 3470 for Benjamin F. Archer, Republican, and 
re-elected him in 1883 by a vote of 4317 to 3342 
for Henry H. Davis, Republican. He was again a 
candidate in 1886, when Mayor Pratt was elected. 

Jesse Pratt, the present mayor, who illustrates 
in his success what can be accomplished in even a 
short career, was born at Blackwood, Camden 
County, March 27, 1848, and was a son of William 
and Deborah Pratt. He obtained his education 
at the public schools of his native village, and 
worked as a farmer near by until he became of age. 
In November, 1860, he opened a store in Stockton 
(now the Eighth Ward of Camden), and, after doing 
business there six years, went to Lower Providence, 
in Montgomery County, Pa., where he engaged in 
farming. In February, 1876, he returned to Cam- 
den and entered the provision business at his 
present store, 122 North Third Street, and took u[) 
his residence in the Eighth Ward. In 1883 Mr. 
Pratt was elected to the City Council. He had 
always entertained pronounced temperance views, 
and he voted against license in the municipal body 
to which he was chosen ; hence it was not unnat- 
ural that upon the expiration of his term, in 1886, 
he was elected mayor as the Prohibition-Republican 
candidate. He received five thousand seven hun- 
dred and fifty-eight votes, to the three thousand 
nine hundred and ninety cast for Claudius W. 
Bradshaw, Democrat. 

Mr. Pratt was married, November 28, 1868, to 
Jane, daughter of John and Ann Thornton, of 
Roxborough, Philadelphia. Their children are 
William Henry, Walter T., Edna, Thomas B. and 
Byron B. Pratt. 

Tun City Council. — The following are those 
who, as aldermen, acted as members of Council 
from 1828 until 1851, when aldermen ceased to be 
Councilmen : 



1S29. Isiaac Smith. 
183.'!. Joseph W. Cooper. 
1834. Robert W. Ogden. 

Richard Fetters. 
183.5. EliasKaighn. 

1837. Isaiic Wilkins. 

1838. Isaiah Toy. 
18311. Will. J. Hatch. 

Loren7.o f. Fieler. 

COMMON ('OUNCI 

1 S2S. Ebenezer Toole, 

Ricliard Fetters. 

John Lawrence. 

Edward Daugherty. 

William Ridgway. 
1820. Ebenezer Poole. 

Edward Daugherty. 

Isaac Wilkins. 

John Lawrence. 

.Toseph W. Cooper. 
1830 Charles U. Ellis. 

Ebenezer Toole. 

John Lawrence. 

Richard Fettei-s. 

Charles Stokes. 

1831. John Lawrence. 
Richard Fetters. 
Charles H Ellis. 
Ebenezer Toole. 
Joseph W. Cooper. 

1832. Joseph W. Cooper. 
Isaiah Toy. 
Ebenezer Toole. 
Richard W. Uowell. 
Robert W. Ogden. 

1833. Isaiah Toy. 
Richard Fettere. 
William Ridgway. 
Ebenezer Poole. 

1834. Isaiah Toy. 
Richard W. Howell. 
Isaac Vansciver. 
Joshua Burrongh. 
John Thome. 

1835. Isaac Vansciver. 
John W. Mickle. 
Isaac Wilkins. 
William Ridgway. 
Isiuic M. Everly. 

18.30. Isaac Vansciver. 

John \V. Mickle. 

Isaac Wilkins. 

Isaac M. Everly. 

Benjamin Burrongh. 
1837. John W. Mickle. 

Isaac Vansciver. 

Isaac Wilkins. 

Peter R. Walker. 

Bei;jamin Burrongh. 



1S44. Charles Kaighn. 
1840. Thomas B. Wood. 

1848, Philip J. Grey. 
Edward Browning. 

1849. Aula McAlla. 
Ellis B. Hall. 

18.'i0. Charles Sexton, 
.lames W. Shroft'. 



N (ek. 
1838, 



'cted annually). 
. Isaac W'ilkins. 

Isaac Vansciver. 

John W. Mickle. 

Benjamin Springer. 

Amos A. Middleton. 
. Richard Fetters, 

Isaac Vansciver. 

ls:iac Wilkins. 

Anios A. Middleton. 

Benjamin Springer. 
. Seth Matlack. 

Isaac Wilkins. 

Amos A. Middleton. 

Beiyamin .Springer. 
. Richard Fetters. 

Amos A. Middleton. 

Elias Kaighn. 

Joab Scull. 

Charles S. Garrett. 
. Gideon V Stivers. 

Richard Fetters. 

Ainos A. Middleton. 

Charles S. Garrett. 

Joseph Sharp. 
. Benjamin Springer. 

Amos A. Middleton, 

Isaac Cole. 

Joab Scull. 

Charles S. Garrett. 
. Isaac Cole. 

John L. Rheese. 

Amos A. Middleton. 

Charles S. Garrett. 

Clayton Truax. 
, Charles J. HoUis. 

Benjamin A. Ilainmell. 

Charles Sexton. 

Amos A. Bliddleton. 

Jacob W. Sharp. 
, Charles S. Garrett. 

John Thome. 

Isaac Cole. 

John K. Thompson. 

.\niosA. Middleton. 

Isaac Mickle. 

Joseph P. Huyck. 

John Thorne. 

Charles S. Lewis. 

Amos A, MiddleUm. 



(In 1848 a change in the charter divided the city 
into North, Middle an<l South Wards, each to elect 
six Councilmen). 



1828. Samuel. Laning. 

John K. Cowpertln 



James W. Sloan. 
Gideon V. Stivers, 



1848, Richard W. Howell. 
Charles S. Lewis. 
Charles S. Garrett. 
Matthew Miller, Jr. 
Jotin U. Thompson. 
William B. Mulfurd. 



Floranco M. Binghi 
John Sands. 
Wm. D. Hicks, 
James W, Shroff, 
Joseph Sharp, 
Joseph J, Moore, 




^^^^^^ 



CL 



^e^ 



THE CITY OF CAMDKN. 



435 



1851). Kichiird Fottere. Win. Lore. 

Joshua J. Buiisiiii. .loBiali Sawu. 

Will. D. Hicks. George F. Ross. 

(The new charter of 1851 dispensed with the 
mayor, recorder and aldermen as municipiil legis- 
hitors, and confined them to the duty of adminis- 
tering the law as magistrates, and judges of the 
city sessions of court. It continued the division 
into three wards, and made the council consist of 
eighteen members,— six from each ward, elected 
for three years, two from each ward annually, and, 
instead of the mayor or recorder, Council elected 
a president). 



1851. Richard W. Howoll. 

Aula McAlla. 

Joseph W. Coo()er. 

Saintiel Ltiinmis. 

Ralph Lee. 

Sanuiel Andersen. 

Wm. H. Hood. 

Benjamin A. Ilaninn 

Will. Pinyard. 

Joseph N. Kmery. 

Wm. Lore. 

Charles Surtora. 

Josiah Sawn. 

Robert Y. Bannin. 

Samuel Scull. 
•Lambert ¥. Beatty. 

Walter Naugle. 

Benjamin G. Teclt. 
lS.'i2. Samuel Andrews, 

Wm. D. Hicks. 

Samuel Lytic. 

John K. Thompson. 

George W. Watson. 

Robert Fohvell.» 
1853, Joseph W. Coojior. 

Andrew W. Adams. 

Matthew Miller. 

Thomas B. Atkinson 

Thomas A. Wilson. 

Eliae Kaighu. 
18J4. Jesse Townsend. 

Grundy Hindle. 

Ellwood K. Fortner. 

Wm. Lore. 

Samuel Scull. 

Wm. J. Miller. 
1855. Samuel Andrews. 

Wm. J. Hatch. 

Clayton Truax. 

Edmund E. Road. 

George W. Watson. 

John G. Hutchinson 
185G. Benjamin Browuiug. 

David Coi"son. 

Abraham W. Nash. 

Jesse E. Huston. 

Josiah D. Rogers.^ 

Josiah F. Dorman. 

William Sharp. 
1857. Joseph Trimble. 

John Ambruster. 

Isaac W, Micklr, 



Samuel Lytle. 

Samuel Scull. 

Joseph H. Peck. 
1858. Samuel Andrews. 

Joseph R. Hamell. 

Joshua M. Lindale. 

Samuel McLain. 

George W. Watson. 

Wm. F.Colbert. 
185D. Charles P.Stratton. 

Ralph Lee. 

Joshua W. Roberts. 

James W. .\yers. 

Mark B. Willni. 

Christopher J. Mines. 

Charles Sharp.s 
ISGO. Jacob H. Sides. 

Alden C. Scovel. 

Clayton Truax. 

James H. Stevens. 

John R. Thompson. 

Wm. Sharp. 
1801. Aaron Ward. 

David M. Chambers. 

Jesse E. Huston. 

Samuel McLaiu. 

John W. Stutzer. 

John G. Neff. 
MH',2. Ralph Lee. 

Samuel C. Cooper. 

James Elwell. 

John T. Davis. 

Mark B. Wills. 

George W. Watson. 
18G3. John S. Read. 

Alexander T. Wilson, 

Henry M. Innis. 

Clayton Truax. 

John R. Thoninson, 

Thomas Shields. 
1SC,4. David L. Taylor. 

John Betiary. 

Samuel McLain. 

Grundy Kindle. 

Henry B. Wilson. 

Jesse HaU. 
18G5. Samuel C. Cooper. 

Benjamin F. Archer. 

John S. Lee. 

Wilson Fitzgerald. 

Charles B. Coles. 
Li'vi B. Newton. 



Alexander T. Wilson. 
Henry L. Moulton. 
.b.lm Hood. 
James Elwell. 
Henry Piersun. 
Thomas Merryweatlu 
William Stiles. 
Thomas C. Knight. 
Ebenezpr Wescott. 
John Fine. 
John Goldthorpe. 
Mayberry E. Harden 
Job Channel,^ 
Wilson Fitzgerald, 
William H. Cole. 
George W. Watson. 



Charles W. Sutterly. 

Thomas McI>owell. 

Henry B. Wilson, 
iMl'i. William Calhoun. 

Samuel C. Harbert. 

Jonathan Kirkbride. 

Samuel Is/.ard. 

Richard Porks. 

John Osier, 
1870, David H. Muuday. 

Joliu S. Read. 

.Tosiali S. Hackctt. 

Charles Pine. 

John Goldthorpe. 

Alonzo B. Johnson. 



(The revised charter of 1871 divided the city into 
eight wards, each ward haviui^ three elected for 
three years, each ward electing one every year). 



1871. Charles A. Sparks, 
William Stiles. 
William H, Cole.6 
Charles Mayhew. 
Frederick Bourquiut 
Jacob C. Daubman. 
Charles C. Moffett,^ 
Horace Hammell. 
Thomas H. Albright, 
James Kennedy. 
Anthony VoU. 
Andrew Cunningham 
Ellis Boggs. 

John Dobbins. 

1872. William T. Bailey. 
James A, Parsons. 
Augustus J. Fulmer. 
Samuel E, Radcliff. 
Charles C. Motfett. 
Alfred H. Mead, 
Thomas McDowell,''' 
James S, Henry. 
Josepli H. Hall. 
Jnhn Dobbins.^ 

187:5. William S. Scull. 

John S. Read. 

Josiah S. Hackett. 

George Johnson. 

William W, Mines. 

William C. Figuer. 

Edward Martin. 

JohnM. Harden. 
1874, Charles S. Ridgway. 

John T. Bottomley. 

CharloB H. Ricoman. 

Frederick Bourquiu. 

Jacob C, Daubman. 

,Iohn Guthridgo. 

Caleb F. Rogers. 

Thomas B. Wood. 



Wm. D. Middleton.9 
Emmor D. French. 
James A, Parsons, 
Augustus J. Fulmer, 
Thomas J. Mason, 
Edward Lewis, 
lleury B, Francis, 
JamesS, Henry. 
Winfield S. Plank. 
E, D. French. 
James P. Michellon. 
Josiah S. Hackett. 
George Johnson. 
Samuel P, Dubois.i" 
William Evans. 
Alonzo D. Nichols. 
Josepli Smith. 
John Heim. 
Charles P. Stratton. 
John T. Bottomley, 
Frederick P. Pfeiffer. 
Charles N. Pelouze. 
Henry B. Wilson. 
Thomaa Fields. 
John Stone. 
Joseph H. Hall. 
Richard Perks." 
William Abies. 
J. Willard Morgan. 
Angut} B. Cameron. 
Crawford BHUer, 
Edward D. Knight, 
.John H. Dialogue. 
Elwood W, Kcnible, 
John W. Dongos. 
, .bi.seph McAllister, 
.laiues P. Michellon, 
Andrew Rabeau. 
Alexander J, Milliette 
Henry B. Francis. 



1 Vii 



F. Beatty, resigned. ^ yicc Wm. Lore 
■' Vice J. H. Peck, resigned. 



^Vic€ S. C. Harbert, removed. 

5 Vke R. Perks, removed. 

6(!onte8ted and was given Mead's seat, i 
elected I'ice Hammell, resigned. 

< Waa elected vice Boggs, resigned. Clai 
elected councilman-at-large under asup|de 

" At large. 

^(nintested and was given the scat. 

10 At large. 

"Contested and won the scat. 



ul Josiah Matlack ' 



W. linidshaw 



436 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Edward J. Dougherty. 
James A. Worrell. 
Boiijaniin H. Smith. 

1880. Daniel K. Smith. 
Wilbur F. Uose. 
Frederick P. rfoill'er. 
William T. Mead. 
Lewis Holl. 
William y. Sloan. 
James S. Henry. 
John Stflne.* 
John Heim. 

1881. Johu W. Branning.= 
Charles F. Hollinshead. 
Frederick A. Rex. 
.\nguH B. Cameron. 
Goldson Test. 
Kobert C. Baker. 
John H. Dialogue. 
James S. Henry. 
John W. Donges. 

18.S2. Joseph McAllister. 

James M. Stradling.3 

John Campbell. 

John W. Wartman. 

D. Cooper Carman. 

Frederick Bourquin.^ 

George Harneff. 

B. Franklin Bailey.5 

Edward J. Dougherty. 

John Hughes. 

William W. Smith. 
1883. Frank A. Kendall. 

J. Willard Morgan. 

Presidents of City Council. — Previous to 1851 tb'j 
mayor or recorder presided over tlie deliberations 
of City Council, and since then the Council elected 
a jiresident annually. 

1873. John S. Read. 
1S74. William C. Figner. 

1876. Charles S. Kidgway. 

1877. John T. Bottomley. 

1880. William Abies. 

1881. James P. Michellon. 

1882. John W. Donges. 

1883. John H. Dialogue. 

1884. James M. Stradling. 

1885. Frederick A. Kex. 

1886. Jonathan Duffleld. 



1851. Richard W. Howell. 
1854. Samuel Andrews. 
1859. Samuel Scull. 
1800. Samuel Andrews. 
1803. John B. Thompson. 

1806. Jesse Hall. 

1807. Benjamin F. Archer, 
1868. Thomas C. Knight. 

1870. Henry B. Wilson. 

1871. Samuel Iszard. 

1872. Josiah S. Hackott. 



Ceorge H. James. 
William T. Mead. 
Maurice A. Rogers. 
George Pfeiffer, Jr. 
David T. Campbell. « 
Francis F. Souders. 
Jesse Pratt. 

1884. William B. E. Miller.: 
.Tames M. Stradling. 
Frederick A. Rex. 
Samuel A. Murray. 
Jonathan Duffield. 
Henry C. Moffett. 

John H. Dialogue, 
John Stone. 
Thomas Harman. 

1885. George Barrett. 
John Campbell. 
Henry 31. Snyder.s 
William Myers. 
Mahlou T. Ivins. 
John D. Leckner. 
David T. Campbell. 
James Godfrey. 
Charles II. Helmbold. 
Isaac C. Githens. 
Henry M. Snyder. 
Robert M . Barber. 
George S. West. 
Maurice A. Rogers. 
David C. Vannote. 
Joseph R. Ross. 
William Dorell. 



18.S0. 



City Recorders. — Until 1850 the recorder was 
chosen by the Legislature, since then by the 
people,— 



1828. John K. Cowperthwaite. 
1840. James W. Sloan. 
1848. Philip J. Grey. 
1850. Jonathan Burr. 
1853. Wm. D. Hicks. 
IS-'iC. Thomas B. Atkinson. 
1859. EleazerJ. Toram. 



1862. Joseph J. Moore. 
1865. Isaac L. Lowe. 
1860. Robert Folwoll. 
1808. Levi B. Newton. 
1871. Charles Cox. 
1874. Paul C. liudd. 
1877-86. Benj. M. Brake 



1 At large. 

3 Elected vice Hollinshead, resigned. 

3 Contested and attained the seat, holding it until ousted hy 
Supreme Court, a short time before the term expired. 
^ Klected vice Baker, deceased, 
f* Elected vice Dougherty, resigned. 
^ At Large. 

' Elected vice J. W. Morgan, resigned. 
« Vice C. B. Cole, resigned. 







City Clerks. 


1828. 


Samuel Ellis. 


18,58. 


Alexander A. Hammell. 


1829. 


William W. Butler. 


1859. 


Samuel W. Thoman. 


1831. 


Thomas Green. 


1866. 


Joseph C. Nichols. 


1S32. 


Josiah Harrison, 


1872. 


Frederick W. Tarr. 


1843. 


Thomas H. Dudley. 


1873. 


Joseph C. Nichols. 


1844. 


Thomas W. Mulford. 


1874. 


Joseph Bontemps. 


1850. 


Alfred Hugg, 


1876. 


Frederick W. Tarr. 


1851. 


Joseph Myers. 


1877, 


Frank F. Michellon. 


1856. 


Alfred Hugg. 


1882. 


Richard C. Thompson. 


1857. 


William J. Miller, 


1884. 


D. Cofiper Carman. 



City Treasurers were appointed by Council an- 
nually until 1866, when they were made elective 
by the people for terms of two years, changed to 
three years in 1871, — 



1828. 


Reuben Ludlum, 


1858. 


Charles S. Garrett. 


1829-38. 


Isaac Smith. 


1839, 


Beilly Barrett. 


1838-42. 


Josiah Harrison, 


1800. 


Isaac H. Porter. 


1843. 


Thomas H, Dudley. 


1801-63. 


Eeilly Barrett. 


1844. 


Thomas W. Mulford. 


1804-65. 


Abner Sparks. 


1845. 


Jesse Smith. . 


1806-74. 


Samuel Hufty. 


1846-50. 


Thomas W. Slulford. 


1874. 


Randal E. Slorgan.^ 


1851. 


Thomas H. Dudley. 


1875. 


James W. Wroth. 


1852-53. 


Alfred Hugg. 


1878. 


Joseph A. Porter. 


1854-55. 


Isaac H. Porter. 


1881. 


Richard F, Smith. 


1856. 


James B. Dayton. 


1884. 


Frank F. Michellon. 


1857. 


Isaac H. Porter, 







Frank F. Michellon, present city tretisurer 
was born in Philadelphia November 7, 1844, and 
was the son of Anthony and Elizabeth (Dorr) 
Michellon, both of old families in this country, 
that of the former originally from France, and 
that of the latter from Germany, and long settled 
in Lancaster County, Pa. The ftimily removed to 
Camden in 1848, and the father was for many 
years cashier of the old Kaighns Point and Phila- 
delphia Ferry Company. Young Michellon, after 
leaving school, became a clerk in the hardware store 
of Henry B. Wilson, and, later, was in the office 
of Peter L. Voorhees, Esq. In 1862 he entered the 
office of Benjamin F. Glenn, a real estate agent 
and conveyancer of Philadelphia, and there learned 
conveyancing. He constantly maintained his re- 
sidence in Camden, and, in 1877, was elected city 
clerk and clerk of Council, which office he held for 
five years. In 1884 he was elected on the Rejiub- 
lican ticket to the more responsible |)osition ot 
city treasurer, for the duties of which his services 
in the lesser place had indicated his fitness. Mr. 
Michellon was united in marriage, May 4, 1881, to 
Elizabeth L. (daughter of Alfred and Catharine) 
Vandegrift, of an old Bucks County, Pa., family. 

Receivers of Taxes. — Prior to 1871 taxes were 
gathered by the ward collectors, but the charter of 
that year abolished the office of ward collector 



"Samu.-: Ilufty died in 1.S74, and lliu City Council appointed Ran. 
dal K. Slorgan to .ict until the election, in 1875. 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



437 



and provided tor the eleftion of a receiverof taxes 
Ijy the peoide for terras of three years, — 

lsTl-77. A. Clifford Jacksou. 1883-80. William H. Itiglitliiire. 

1S77-83. George M. Thrasher. 

William H. Riuhtmire is of Holhind extrac- 
tion, being a grandson of James Rightmiro, who 
resided in Middlesex County, X. J., where he was 
both a farmer and a school-teacher. Among his 
six children was Jacob V., born March 4, ISOO, 
who also resided in Middlesex County, where he 
tilled the double role of farmer and merchant. 
He married Isabella Franks and had twelve chil- 
dren — nine sons and three daughters — all of whom 
reached mature years. The death of Mr. Right- 
mire occurred in October, 1880. He was in his 
political predictions a Whig, and later a Republi- 
can. Though averse to office, he was the recipient 
of many distinctions conferred by citizens irre- 
spective of party. A man of public spirit, he was 
liberal with his means in enterprises [lertaining 
to both church and state. His son, William H. 
Rightmire, was born May 19, 184.5, in Middlesex 
County, X. J., where his youth was spent. At the 
age of seventeen he entered the army as a soldier 
in the Twenty-eighth Regiment New Jersey Vol- 
unteers, and remained in service ten montlis. He 
was taken prisoner at Chancellorsville and con- 
fined for three months at Belle Isle, opposite Rich- 
mond, enduring meanwhile many privations. 
Having effected an exchange, he was sent to the 
convalescent camp at Annapolis, Md., and soon 
after returned to his home. On recovering, he 
removed to South Amboy, and later came to Cam- 
den as an employee of the Camden and Amboy 
Railroad. He subsequently entered and was 
graduated from the Eastman's Commercial College, 
Poughkeepsie, when, having made Jersey City his 
residence, he remained for four years a.ssociated 
with the Jersey City and Bergen Railroad. Mr. 
Rightmire then returned to Camden and embarked 
in the marble business. In 1883 he was elected 
receiver of taxes for Camden for a term of three 
years, and re-elected in 1886 by the largest majority 
ever given in Camden, his support not being con- 
fined to the Republican party, whose principles he 
espouses. He is a member of T. M. K. Lee Post, 
No. .5, Department of New Jersey, Grand Army of 
the Republic. Mr. Rightmire is a supporter of the 
Baptist Church, of which his wife is a member. 
He was, on the 9th of June, 18G9, married to 
Miss Lydia A., daughter of Augustus Vausciver, of 
Camden, whose mother, Mrs. Rebecca Stow, grand- 
daughter of Stow, a member of the firm of 

Percival & Stow, who cast the Independence bell. 



The Stows came originally from Edinburgh, Scot- 
land. Their children are Maud and Harry K. 

Fkaxk S. Joxe.s is of Welsh desceiit. His great- 
grandfather was Nathaniel Jones, who, on his emi- 
gration, settled in Kalamazoo, Mich. His children 
were seven sons, among whom was Theophilus, 
born in Michigan, who married a descendant of 
General Israel Putnam, of Revolutionary fjime. 
Their children were seven sons, among whom was 
William D., born in Utica, N. Y., where he fol- 
lowed the trade of a painter. He later removed to 
Philadelphia, and there conducted business for 
several years. In 1855 he located in Camden, 
where his death occurred in 1862. He married 
Elizabeth D., seventh daughterof Benjamin Grover, 
a tanner of Salem, Mass. His children were seven 
sons, — Philip H., Benjamin D., Charles, Marcus T., 
John W., Charles P. and Frank S. The last- 
named, and only survivor, was born in Philadel- 
phia, May 21, 1845, and spent his youth in that 
city, whence he removed to Camden in 1855. His 
early education was received at the Southeast 
Grammar School, Philadelphia, and he afterward 
entered the Northwest Grammar School, in the 
same city. In August, 1861, he enlisted in the 
Fourth New Jersey Regiment, and remained in 
the service until May, 1862, the date of his dis- 
charge as a consequence of a wound received at 
Annandale, Va. In 1863 he re-enlisted in the 
Twelfth Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, was 
wounded a second time, and, being discharged 
after one year of service, returned to Camden. 
Mr. Jones then resumed his trade — that of a 
painter. He was, in 1876, employed by the gov- 
ernment in the clothing department of the Schuyl- 
kill Arsenal, Philadelphia, and, in 1S,S4, appointed 
by the Board of Assessors of Camden, as clerk 
of the board. He was, in 1876, elected justice 
of the peace, which office he holds for the third 
term, and alderman, in which capacity he is serv- 
ing his second term. He was appointed, in 1886, 
a.ssistant receiver of taxes for the term of three 
years, and is now filling that office. As a Repub- 
lican, Mr. Jones has been actively engaged in 
politics. He is a comrade of T. M. K. Lee Post, 
No. 5, G. A. R., and held for three years the 
office of adjutant. He is secretary of the Veteran 
Charitable Association, of Camden, and a member 
of the Improved Order of Red Men, and of the 
Heptisophs. He was appointed by Governor Lud- 
low, in March, 1881, notary public. Mr. Jones 
worships with the congregation of the Protestant 
Episcopal Church, of which he is a supporter. He 
was, on September 12, 1870, married to Mrs. Han- 
nah S. Pierce, daughter of John W. Sapp, of Cam- 



438 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



deii. Their only surviving child is a son, William 
H. Jones. 

City Assessors. — Ward assessors were continued 
unik-r the charter of 1871 until 1874, when an 
amendment called for the election of three asses- 
sors for the city at large, whose duties are to make 
the assessments, while the duty of the ward asses- 
sors is to sit as a court of appeal in cases of unjust 
a.ssessments. The city assessors are elected for 
three years, and the first elected drew lots for the 
one, two and three year terms. 

1874. Edw. H. Bolgiana, 2 years. 1874. E. .\lliin W.irJ, :i yeara. 

M. E. Harden, 1 year. 

187.5. Chaa. S. Simmerman. 1882. Charles Janney. 

1877-79. B. H. Balgiana. 1883-86. Alien C. Wood. 

1877. Charles W. Johnson. 1884. .lohn Corliett. 

1878-81. Reuben B. Cole. 188.5. William Thompson. 

1880. John B. Grubb. 

Ciiy Solicitors were appointed annually by the 
Council from 1851 to 1864, when they were made 
elective by the i)eo]ile for terms of two years. 
Under the revised charter of 1871 the duty of 
selection was made to rest with the City Council, — 

1851-54. James B. Dayton. 1804-66. George M. Robeson. 

18:55. Thomas P. Carpenter. 1868-70. Alden C. Scovel. 

1856-57. Thomas H. Dudley. 1872-75. Alfred Hugg. 

1858. Peter L. Voorbeee. 1878-81. James E. Hayes. 

1859-03. George M. Robeson. 1884. J. Willard Morgan. 

City Surveyors were chosen by the City Council 
until 1870, when they were elected by the people 
for two years. The charter of 1871 restored the 
power to Council. Edward H. Saunders was elected 
city surveyor in 1851, and re-elected annually 
until his death, in May, 1869, when Jacob H. 
Yocum was appointed until the election in March, 
when he was elected for two years, and on the ex- 
piration of his term, 1872, was elected by the 
Council for three years, and re-elected in 1875. In 
1878 John S. Shults was elected, re-elected in 

1881, and again in 1884. ■ 

John S. Shults.— When Charles Shults, the 
progenitor' of the family in America, arrived in 
New York, in 1750, he brought with him a wife 
and three children. He died two weeks after his 
arrival, which caused the separation of the family. 
His children were Charles, Richard and Anna. 
Charles moved to Philadelphia, where he was em- 
ployed in a bakery situated on Arch Street, above 
Front. On one of his daily trips to the public 
pump he met a young lady of his own name, and 
upon inquiry he was astonished to know she was 
his sister, lost when a child, and from her he 
learned that his mother, who was then dead, had 
accompanied Richard to North Carolina where he 
had married and at his death had a large family. 
Charles was married to a Miss Kelly, by whom he 



had two children, — Charles and Sarah. A few 
years after the death of his first wife he was mar- 
ried to Mrs. Richmond, of Salem County, N. J., 
and two children were born to them, — Nancy and 
Rebecca. His son Charles became a prominent 
citizen of Philadelphia; was a supervisor of 
streets and highways and one of those who as- 
sisted in laying out Washington Square. He was 
married to Anna M. Bussier, of Huguenot ances- 
try. Her father. Dr. Bussier, graduated in Paris 
and fled from France on account of his religious 
convictions. On the passage he met Miss Rey- 
bold, a Swiss lady, to whom he was married on 
his arrival in this country. He served in the 
Revolution in 1776 with distinction. The chil- 
dren of Charles and Anna M. Shults were Charles, 
Richard, Philip M., Jane, Rebecca, Eliza, Susan- 
na and Maria. The eldest of these children, 
Charles, was married to Charlotte Spangenberg, 
daughter of John and Charlotte Spangenberg, 
who were natives of Philadelphia, but whose pa- 
rents came from Germany. They had eleven chil- 
dren, — Charles, Alfred, Leonard (who died an in- 
fant), John, Anna M., Mary S., Charlotte K., 
Theodore B. and Sarah C. About 1832 Charles 
moved to Berks County, Pa., where, as a clergy- 
man in the German Reformed Church (English 
branch), he preached for a number of years and 
then removed to Reading. He lived in that city 
until 1857 and then removed to Atlantic County, 
N. J., near Absecom, and from thence to Camden 
in 18G0. 

John S. Shults was born in Reading, October 
27, 1836, and has made Camden his home since 
1860. Upon coming to Camden he taught school 
in the country until the winter of 1861, when he 
wa.s appointed a clerk in the (juartermaster's de- 
partment in Alexandria, Va. Sickness compelled 
him to return home, but the next year he was at- 
tached to the Sanitary Commission and moved 
with the Army of the Potomac till the war closed, 
when he returned to his Camden home. About this 
time Mr. Shults entered the office of Ed. H. Saun- 
ders, where he studied surveying. During the 
winter he taught school. Mr. Saunders died in 
1869 and he was succeeded by Jacob H. Yocum, 
who held the oflice for six years and for whom 
Mr. Shults was assistant. At the expiration of his 
term Jlr. Shults was elected city surveyor and is 
now serving his third term. 

By his efficient and faithful discharge of duty 
he has won and retained the confidence and re- 
spect of his fellow-citizens. In politics Mr. 
Shults is an ardent Republican. He is a member 
of the Pine Street Pre.sbvterian Church, of Camden. 




xf<^^^^,(^fA.c<.£^^ 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



439 



Building InnpecUtrs are ap|)ointe(l by urdiiiancc 
nf'City Council for such terra as tlie ordinance may 
specify, — 



ISTl. William W. Mines 
1S7-J. Tllomas li. Atkins. 
ls-4. Christopher J. Mil 



iss:!. Jolin K. 
188li. Willium 



Cilii Marshah acted as cliiels of police luuler the 
charter of lSr>l, and were elected annually liy the 



>ple,- 



IS.'il. Jolin W. Potts. 
1S.V2. .lames H. Lowery. 
1S53. Peters. Elliott. 
18.'i4-5n. Henry Belsterliag. 
lS.'-,7-fi8. John Y. Hoaglanil. 
I.s.^i'.Klu. Edmund Shaw. 



IHOl-Ci Timothy Middhtt 

180;l. Samuel Conrow. 

lSii4-l)l). .lohn W. Caraijhc 

lSil7-r>!). J. Kelly lirovvn. 

18711. ClamliiiaW. liia.l 



The Chief of Police is appointed by the mayor, 
and holds office during the pleasure of that officer 
under the charter of 1S71, — 



1880. Josiah JMatludi. 
lasii. Harry II. Frank 



1S71. Daniel W. Curliss. 
1874. William H. Heinsing. 
1877. Charles F. Daubraan. 



Surveyors of ITighioai/K. — This office was estab- 
lished in 1871, and the incumbents have been 
Leonard Repsher, Jonathan Kirkbride, Alonzo B. 
Johnson, Benjamin F. Sweeten, William H. Shear- 
man, Richard C. Thompson. 

Engineers of Water- Works. — Jacob H. Yocum. 
Wm. F. Moody, William Calhoun, Robert Dunham. 
In 1X77 the office of engineer was abolished and 
that of superintendent substituted. These have 
been superintendents, — William D. Middleton, 
Harry Stetson, William W. Mines. 

The Water Department. — The Camden Wa- 
ter Works Company was chartered April 2, 1840. 
The names of the incorporators were Isaac Cole, 
Benj. W. Cooper, Charles Kaighn, Henry Allen, 
Wm. Folwell, Nathan Davis, Benj. T. Davis, John 
W. Mickle, who were authorized and empowered 
" to introduce into and supply the city of Camden 
with pure water under such terms and conditions 
as the City Council shall ordain and establish." 
The original capital stock of the company was 
lifty thousand dollars, divided into shares of one 
hundred dollars each, of which Isaac Cole, Henry 
Allen, Wm. Folwell and Nathan Davis each took 
one hundred shares, Wm. N. Jeffries eighty, Chas. 
Kaighn ten, and James Elwell and Jasjier Harding 
each five shares. 

On June 2d the company was organized by elect- 
ing Isaac Cole, Henry Allen, Wm. Folwell, Nathan 
Davis and Wm. N. Jetl'ries directors, who selected 
Isaac Cole to serve as president, Henry Allen 
treasurer and Wm. Folwell secretary. A lot of 
ground, thirty by ninety feet, at the foot of Cooper 
Street, on the site of the Esterbrook Steel Pen 



Works, was purchased of Wm. D. Cooper for four 
hundred didlars, and Isaac Cole, Nathan Davis, 
Henry Allen and Wm. Folwell were appointed to 
procure a draft and plan of the intended building, 
which, when completed, was thirty Ijy forty-eight 
feet in dimensions. 

With the increase in the growth of the city, anil 
the erection of a large number of factories within 
its limits, the amount of water furnished by the 
company was found insufficient. To i)rovide for 
a better arrangement, a supiilement to the original 
charter was passed on the i(th of February, 1804. 
Hence the company secured an eligible location 
at Pavonia, near the city, as under the original 
charter it could not hold real estate in Camden. 
The capital stock under the supplement to the 
charter was authorized to be increased to a sum 
not exceeding one hundred thousand dollars. 

At a meeting held on the 24th of April, 1854, 
three hundred and sixty-five shares were subscribed 
as follows: Henry Allen, two hundred and sixty- 
one shares ; Richard Fetters, twenty shares ; 
Nathan Davis, eleven shares: Jesse Smith, Benj. 
Hammell, Joel Bodine and Joseph Fifield, each 
ten shares ; Charles S. Garrett, nine shares ; James 
Elwell and Wm, P. Tatem each six shares ; James 
McCloskey and Isaiah Bryan, each five shares; 
and Ralph Lee, two shares. 

In 1854 the water works were completed and put 
into operation at Pavojiia, on the Delaware River 
front. They are now owned and controlled by the 
city authorities. The engine-house is two stories 
high with mansard roof, built substantially of 
brown stone and thirty by forty feet in dimensions. 
The engine-house is fitted up with two pumps, 
one being a Blake pump of five million five hun- 
dred thousand gallons capacity daily ; the other, a 
Cornish bull pump, capable of pumping two mil- 
lion five hundred thousand gallons of water daily. 
The boiler-house is supplied with four return tu- 
bular boilers eighteen feet long and fifty-six inches 
in diameter, making two complete sets, each set be- 
ing capable of running either engine, and when 
all are fired up and both engines running, has a 
capacity of nine million gallons of water daily. 
The water works wharf is eighty feet wide and ex- 
tends seven hundred and fifty feet into the river 
from the meatiow banks. The suiiply-pipe is 
thirty inches in diameter, leading to the foreliay 
under the pumps and in the basement of the en- 
gine-house. Before entering the ftirebay the wa- 
ter ])asses through three screens and filters, and 
from the bay is pumped by the engines and forced 
into the stand-pipe upon the engine-hoiise, which 
is made of boiler iron, is five feet in diameter :iiid 



440 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



one liundi-ed and twenty feet high. When forced 
above the level of the reservoir the water flows by 
a discharge pipe, thirty inches in diameter, into 
the biisin. 

The reservoir is built upon the highest ground 
in Pavonia, which is forty-seven feet higher than 
the level of the city of Camden, and is three hun- 
dred and forty-four feet long by one hundred and 
eighty feet wide and twenty-one feet deep, with 
sloping sides at an angle of one to one and a half 
degrees, and when filled, contains eight million 
gallons of water. In 1885 the greatest amount of 
water pumped in one day was four millions eight 
hundred and seven thousand one hundred and 
forty gallons ; in 1886, five millions one hundred 
and fifty-seven thousand and forty-eight gallons. 
Before these works were purchased by the city the 
pumping and distributing mains were twelve inches 
in diameter, but now have a diameter of thirty 
inches. Forty-six and one-half miles of water- 
pipe are now in position within the city limits, 
and three hundred and twenty-two fire-plugs for 
the use of the Fire Department are located at the 
most desirable points in the city. The collections 
of the Water Department for rents and permits 
for the year 1885 amounted to seventy-eight thou- 
sand six hundred and fifty-nine dollars. 

FIRE COJIP-iNIES AND FIREMEN. 

Until 1810 wells, pumps and buckets were the 
only appliances Camden had for the e.xtinguish- 
ment of fires. On March 15th of that year the 
Perseverance Fire Company was organized. Thirty 
years later the Fairmount, afterwards named the 
Niagara, and, later still, the Weccacoe, was formed. 
In case of fire, the water used to extinguish it was 
obtained from wells by means of buckets filled with 
it and passed from hand to hand. When the en- 
gine was reached and its well received the water, 
the bucket was returned for a fresh supply. Mean- 
while a number of strong men grasped the lever- 
arms and worked them up and down, thus forcing 
the water upon the flames. To fight a fire was the 
work of the entire community a half-century ago. 
An alarm was followed by a general turn-out of 
the people — old and young, of both sexes— each 
secured a bucket, and, when the scene of action 
was reached, long lines of people were formed 
between the engine and the nearest well. The 
empty buckets were moved toward the wells along 
one line and the full ones toward.s the engine on 
another. 

A fully-equipped fire company possessed an en- 
gine and a cart to carry buckets, and householders 
were expected to keep a supply of buckets on 



hand. Wells and pumjis were equally essential, 
hence the City Council encouraged the digging 
of wells and the placing of pumps in public places 
by paying part of the cost. In 1834 Joseph 
Kaighn was paid sixteen dollars as part cost of 
placing a pump in a well he had dug on Kaighn 
Avenue, and George Genge's bill for a pump on 
Market Street was also paid, while Abraham 
Browning was allowed part cost of enlarging a well 
near Front Street and Market. Richard Fetters, 
Richard W. Howell and Auley McAlla pre- 
sented a bill of fifty dollars at a Council meeting, 
held August 27, 1830, for a fire-engine purchased 
of the Fairmount Company, of Philadelphia. It 
wiis but five feet high, and eight men could barely 
get hold of the levers. In 1835 this engine was 
repaired, and its name changed from Fairmount to 
Niagara. In 1848 it was bought by the Weccacoe, 
and in 1851 came into possession of the reorgan- 
ized Fairmount Company. It was eventually, 
after long usage, stored away until 1864, when 
Robert S. Bender purchased it for twenty dollars, 
and sold it in Woodbury for fifty dollars. It was 
accidentally burned soon afterward. 

In 1834 the city was divided into three fire dis- 
tricts. Cooper Street and Line Street being the di- 
viding lines. There was virtually no Fire De- 
partment, however, for several years later. In 
1848, after the erection of water-works, a better 
fire system was put into effect. The Council ap- 
pointed a committee on fire apparatus, who exer- 
cised supervision over the companies, which, by 
the year 1851, had increased in number to six. 
In 1864 the Independence procured the first steam 
fire-engine ; the Weccacoe, the Shifller and the 
Weccacoe Hose Company also soon after purchased 
steam-engines. More prompt, daring and efficient 
firemen than those of Camden were hard to find, 
but each company was independent of the others, 
and misdirection often caused loss of property, to 
remedy which the City Council, 1866, reorganized 
the system, and, by an ordinance, provided for the 
selection, subject to its ajjproval, of a chief mar- 
shal, by the companies. James W. Ayers, of the 
Weccacoe Engine Company, was elected and served 
two years, when, in 1868, he was succeeded by 
Wesley P. Murray, of the Weccacoe Hose. Both 
were popular men and good organizers, but the vol- 
unteer system, with its rivalry and frequent insub- 
ordination, was sup|)lanted in I860 by the Paid Fire 
Department under an ordinance jjassed Scptend)er 
2, 186il, which provided for the appointment, annu- 
ally, of five fire commissioners, one fire marshal, and 
two assistant fire marshals. The coniniissiiiners 
were empowered to appoint tin; finnicn. and the 



THE CITY OF OAMPEN. 



441 



city was divided into two districts. For tlie First 
District the city purchased tlie three-story building 
of the Indeiieiidence Fire Company, at Fourth 
Street and Pine, and for the Second District erected 
a two-story liriclc building at Fifth Street and 
Arch. Each station was supplied with afire-engine 
and all necessary apparatus, at an entire cost of 
thirty thousand dollars. William Abies was ap- 
pointed fire marshal ; William W. Mines assistantfor 
the First, and William H. Shearman assistant forthe 
Second District. The organization has since been 
modified. The department is now under the con- 
trol of five members of the City Council, called 
" The Committee on Fire "Apparatus," who are 
appointed annually by the president of the Coun- 
cil, with a cliief and an assistant engineer each 
appointed for three years by the Council. In 1874 
the department purchased the Independence fire- 
engine, and now (1886), owns three steam fire- 
engines, two hose -carriages, one hook-and-ladder 
truck, one supply-wagon, nine horses, three thou- 
sand two hundred feet of serviceable hose, twenty- 
one fire-alarm boxes, with twelve miles of wire, a 
connecting electric battery, with eighty-one gallon 
jars to create power necessary for long distance 
alarms, striking the gongs, lighting gas-jets, un- 
hitching the horses in the stalls and stopping the 
clock. 

The department consists of one chief engineer, 
at a salary of one thousand dollars per annum, one 
assistant engineer, seven hundred and twenty dol- 
lars per annum, eighteen regular men and twelve 
call-men. The regular men devote their whole 
time to the service. The engineers receive sixty 
dollars per month, and the hosemen, tillermen and 
laddermen each fifty dollars per month. The call- 
men pursue their regular vocation, but are required 
to be present at every fire, to assist, for which they 
are paid seventy-five dollars per year. A full 
record is kept of all fires, with time, duration, lo- 
cation, owner of property, occupant, business, 
value of real and personal property, insurance, and 
with whom, cause of fire, etc. The department is 
in a high state of efficiency, and the expenditure 
sixteen thousand dollars per annum. 

The Camden Hook-and-Ladder Company, 
No. 1, with headquarters at N. W. corner of Fifth 
Street and Arch, was organized in 18li9, and is 
connected with Camden Engine Company, No. 2. 
The building is a two-story brick, twenty-four by 
fifty-five feet, adjoining the building of the engine 
company. The company is equipped with one 
ladder-truck (forty-five feet long, mounting nine 
ladders, one being an extension ladder, of the 
" Leverich Patent," sixty -three feet in length), one 



battering ram, two fire extinguishers, four buckets 
two axes, four pitchforks, one crowbar, four lamps, 
etc. In the stables arc two large and well-trained 
horses. The roster of the company is as follows : 
Tillerman, Amedy Aliddleton ; Driver, Benjamin 
L. Kelluni ; Laddermen, Thomas Walton and J(din 
W. Toy ; Cell-men, William Doughten, Peter S. 
Gray, John Gray and Charles A. Todd. 

The Camden Steam Fire- Engine Company, 
No. 1, was organized in 18(1!). Their building, on 
Pine Street, near Fourth, is a three-story brick, 
twenty by ninety-four feet in dimensions, and was 
formerly used by the Independence, but is now 
owned by the city. The equipments consist of one 
second-class steam fire-engine, made by the Amos- 
keag Manufacturing Company, of Manchester, New 
Hampshire; one hose-cart, made by the Silsby 
Company, of Seneca Falls, N. Y. ; three horses, 
sixteen hundred feetof good hose, axes, lamps, etc. 
The third story of the building is used as a lodge- 
room, and the second story used by the company, 
with sitting-room, bunk-room, etc. The roster of 
the company for 188G isas follows: Foreman, John 
A. Stockton; Engineer, G. Rudolph Tenner; 
Driver, William Deno ; Stoker, William \V. Laird ; 
Hosemen, Wilson Bromley and Jacob F. Nessen ; 
Call-men, William Deith, Andrew Miller, William 
Bogia and W. Elwood Campbell. 

Camden Steam Fire- Engine Company, No. 2, 
is located at the corner of Fifth Street and Arch, the 
head-quarters of the Paid Fire Departmeut. The 
building is a two-story brick, twenty-four by seventy 
feet. The ground floor has two connections with the 
hook-and-ladder building. The outfit consists of 
one steam fire-engine, second-class, made by the 
Gould Machine Company, of Newark, N. J., one 
No. 2 Amoskeag steam fire-engine, one carriage 
and a supply-wagon. In the second story is a 
large reception-room, a sleeping-room with thirteen 
beds, and a battery-room. The Gould steam fire- 
engine is only used on extra occasions, or when 
the urgency of the case demands. The tbllowing 
is a complete roster of officers and men at head- 
quarters : 

Chief Engineer, Samuels. Elfreth ; AssistantEn- 
gineer, Samuel S. Buzine ; Extra Engineer, Jacob 
W. Kellum; Foreman, Harry C. Grosscup; En- 
gineer, William Morris ; Driver of Engine, C. B. 
Harvey; Stoker, Frank Turner ; Hosemen, ('has. 
Robinson, Isaac Shreeves; Call-men, James (^arcy, 
Logan Bates, William Lyons, Howard Currie. 

The chiefs of the Paid Fire Department have been 
William Abies, Robert S. Bender (.second term), 
Robt. S. Bender, Claudius W. Bradshaw, Henry F. 
Surault, Samuel S. Elfreth, Daniel A. Carter,Samuel 



442 



riIST(H!V OF CAMDKN COUNTV, NEW JE118EY. 



S. Elfreth (2(1 term). The committee on fire ap- 
paratus for 1880 are — Chairman, Saml. R. Murray ; 
Wm. B. E. Miller, Geo. S. West, David B. Camp- 
bell, James Godfrey; Clerk, D. Cooper Carman. 

Volunteer Companies. — Tke Pencverance was 
organized March 15, 1810, and was composed of 
leading citizens. A hand-engine, made by " Pat." 
Lyons, of Philadelphia, was bought and placed in 
a building on Front Street, above Market, sub- 
sequently removing to a frame, one-story house on 
Second Street, adjoining the State Bank, where it 
remained until the company erected the two-story 
brick building on the east side of Third Street, 
below Market. The oldest living member of the 
company is Samuel Elfreth, father of the present 
efficient chief of the Fire Department. On March 
15, 1832, the company was incorporated; the 
names appearing in the charter are Nathan Davis, 
Gideon V. Stivers, Jeremiah H. Sloan, John 
Lawrence, Samuel D. Wcssels, Isaac Cole, Ledden 
Davis, John Browning, .Toab Scull, Rii'hard W. 
Howell, Auley McAlla, Dr. Thomas Lee, William 
H. Ogden, Richard Fetters, Abraham Browning 
and other prominent citizens. 

The charter of 1832 having expired, a new one 
was obtained in 1852, with the following-named 
persons as incorporators: James C. Morgan, Wil- 
liam E. Gilmore, Samuel Hauna, William Ilanna, 
Lewis P. Thompson, Joseph D. Folwell, Pancoast 
Roberts, Alfred Hugg, Richard H. Lee, William 
Matlack, Alfred Wood, Frederick Benedict, Wil- 
liam Hugg, Amos Stiles, Jr., Samuel Cooper, 
Nathan Davis, Jr., Samuel Ashurst, Andrew Zim- 
merman, David Sheppard, John W. Carter, Henry 
Kesler, John Warner, John Ross, Charles A. Gar- 
rot, Thomas Sulger. The company prospered until 
the breaking out of the war, in 1801, when most of 
the able-bodied members enlisted in the company 
commanded by Captain Richard H. Lee. 

The Fairmount Fire Company was organized 
October 7, 1830, and purchased an engine of the 
Fairmount Fire Company, of Philadelphia. The 
name " Fairmount" was painted on the sides of the 
engine, and it was then the Camden company de- 
cided to assume the same appellation, which was 
continued until 1835, when the word " Fairmount" 
on the engine became dim and needed repainting, 
which would coat as much as to have something 
else painted, and they changed the name to Niag- 
ara. By this name the company was known until 
it was reorganized as the Weccacoe, in 1848. In 
1845 the headquarters was moved to the City Hall 
lot, on Federal Street. John Laning, Josiah At- 
kinson and Samuel Jenkins were among the orig- 
inal members of the F.MiniKiunt. William Hariria 



joined in 1835, James M. Cassady in 1838 and 
James W. Ayers (afterwards fire marshal) in 1843. 
The Weccacoe Fire Comjiany No. 2, Wiis the 
result of the reorganization of the Niagara in 
1848. At a meeting of the City Council, Septem- 
ber 1, 1848, Richard Fetters presented the names of 
Edward Steer and thirty-two other persons who 
had organized as a fire company, with a constitu- 
tion and by-laws. The Council then recognized 
them and gave them the old Niagara fire-engine, 
which was used for a few months, when the com- 
pany was supplied with a better one in 1850, when 
a second-hand one was bought of the Southwark 
commissioners for seven hundred and fifty dollars 
and was rebuilt, in 1853, by John Agnew at a cost 
of eight hundred and fifty dollars. A steam-en- 
gine was procured in 1804. At the headquarters 
of the Weccacoe, between a pair of high poles, 
was hung a bell weighing thirteen hundred pounds 
which served to alarm the town in case of fire. 
The house used as the headquarters was enlarged, 
but, after several incendiary attempts, the building 
was burned February 17, 1854. In 1850 the com- 
pany moved into their two-story brick house, on 
the site of the old Columbia Garden, on Arch 
Street, above Fifth. In 1852 the company wa.s 
incorporated as the Weccacoe Fire Company, No. 
2, by John Laning, James M- Cassady, James W. 
Ayers, Isaac Shreeve, Weslev P. Murray, Joseph 
F. Murray, Joshua S. Porter, Daniel B. McCully, 
Richard G. Camp, James Doughteu, Stone H. 
Stow, Charles H. Thome, Matthew Miller, Jr. 
James W. Ayers was made president of the Niagara 
in 1845, continued as such under the reorganiza- 
tion, and, except in 1854, when he was absent from 
the city, held the office until the company was dis- 
banded. Richard G. Camp was the secretary and 
Charles Thompson treasurer until 1854, and Joseph 
L. Bright was his successor until the end. Effi- 
ciency and good order were the characteristics of 
the Weccacoe from the beginning to the ending of 
their career as firemen. 

The Mohawk Fire Company was formed in the 
spring of 1849. It had a short and turbulent 
life, and in the confusion the record of its birth 
was lost. The meeting-place of the company was 
in the three-story building northeast corner of 
Third Street and Cherry. Lambert F. Beatty was 
president and William S. Frazer secretary. The 
conqiany was strong in numbers and contained 
many excellent men, giving promise of a career of 
usefulness, but a lawless element gained admission, 
after a time, and brawls, riots and, it was feared, 
incendiarism, resulted. On April 23, 1851, it was 
deti'rmiiK'd to disliand. 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



443 



Tlie Imlejinidence Fire Company No. 'i, or- 
ganized with Lambert F. Beatty, president; 
William S. Frazer, secretary ; and Joseph Wagner, 
treasurer. Among the early members were Jacob 
Prettyman, David Page, Thomas Stites, Andrew 
Stilwell, Francis E. Harpel, Restore Cook, John 
Wallace, Claudius W. Bradshaw, William H. 
ilawkins, Christopher.!. Mines, Henry Bradshaw, 
William E. Walls, William Howard, Albert Den- 
nis, Elwood Bounds, Samuel H. Stilwell, Albert 
V. Mills, Robert S. Bender, Lewis Yeager, Thomas 
McCowan and William W. Mines. The company 
met in a building at Third Street and Cherry for 
a year, when it was burned.- Lewis Yeager gave 
the company free use of a lot on Third Street, 
above Cherry, where an engine-house of slabs, 
donated by Charles Stockham, was built. In 1853 
a lot on Cherry Street, above Third, was purchased 
and on it a frame house was built. This was 
used until 1859, when, owing to a defect in the ti- 
tle, the sheriff advertised the property for sale. 
When he reached the ground on the day of the 
sale he found the house, with its contents, and a 
nundicr of the members of the company, on an ad- 
joining lot belonging to James B. Dayton, who 
permitted the action. The following year, ISOO, 
they bought and built, on the north side of Pine 
Street, above Fourth, a three-story brick, then the 
most complete fire-engine house in Camden, and 
which was sold for four thousand five hundred dol- 
lars to the city. The Independence was a hoso 
company until .lune 4, 18(34, when they secured an 
Amoskeag engine, being the first fire-engine in 
use by the fire companies of Camden. Early in 
ISliy they purchased a larger engine and when 
the volunteer firemen were scattered, in the latter 
part of that year, they sold the Amoskeag to Mill- 
ville, and the later purchase was kept until 1874, 
when it was sold to the city. Lambert F. Beatty 
and Timothy C. Moore were presidents of the 
iMoiiawk, and L. F. Beatty, John Wallace, Wil- 
liam H. Hawkins, J. Kelly Brown, W. W . jMines 
and Edward Gilbert were presidents of the Inde- 
pendence, while its secretaries have been Wil- 
liam L. Frazer, William W. Mines, Mortimer C. 
Wilson and Thomas McCowan ; and the treasur- 
ers Joseph Wagner and Robert S. Bender, who, 
elected in 1854, served until October 13, 1874, 
when, with a roll of sixty members, they met. 
President Gilbert in the chair, paid all claims 
against them and formally disbanded. 

The Shiffler Hose Company No. 1, was or- 
ganized March 7, 1849, and recoganized l)y the 
City Council August 30th of the same year. The 
original members of the company were George W. 



Thompson, president ; George F. Ross, secretary ; 
Joseph Brown, W. W. Burt, Charles Cheesenum, 
Robert Maguire, Samuel Brown, John G. Hutch- 
inson, Armstrong Sapp, Richard Cheeseman, Al- 
bert Robinson, George F. Ross, William Wallace. 
A fine hose-carriage was obtained from the Shiffler 
Hose Company, of Philadelphia, for the nominal 
sum of ten dollars It was placed in a carpenter 
shop on Sycamore Street, below Third, and that 
remained the headquarters of the company until 
the two-story brick house on Fourth Street, behjw 
Walnut, was built. In March, 1852, the company 
was incorporated by William W. Burt, Armstrong 
Sapp, George W. Thompson, Robert Maguire, 
James Sherman, William Wallace, John G. Hutch- 
inson, Samuel Brown and William Plarris. John 
G. Hutchinson became president, and in 1857 was 
succeeded by Jacob C. Daubman, whe held the 
position during the continuance of the company. 
On March 29, 18t;4, a new charter was obtained 
under the name of the Shiffler Hose and Steam 
Fire-Engine Company. A steam-engine was pur- 
chased, and the company maintained a high state 
of efficiency until disbanded, in 18ti9. 

T]ie New Jerxeij Fire Covipany was orgiin- 
ized May 1, 1851, by James Carr, Samuel Ames, 
Thomas Butcher, Aaron Giles, John W^ood, David 
H. Sparks, William Garwood, E. B. Turner, Wil- 
liam Woodruff, Henry Coombs, Adam Newman 
and Caleb Clark. Henry Coombs was elected 
president and David H. Sparks secretary. On 
July 21, 1851, the company secured the engine 
which previously belonged to the Mohawk, and 
placed it in a stable near Broadway and Spruce 
Street, where it remained a considerable time, un- 
til better accommodations were secured on Wal- 
nut Street, above Fourth. A lot was subsc(|Ucnt- 
ly bought on the south side of Chestnut Street, 
above Fourth, where a two-story, brick engine- 
house was built. The company wa-s incorporated 
in 185-1 and ceased to exist as an organization 
twelve years later. The presidents of this I'om- 
pany in order of succession were Henry Coombs, 
James Carr, John Crowley, Joshua L. Melvin, 
Samuel Hickman, ,Iohn Warrington, Jeremiah 
Brannon, Richard C. Mason, C. De Grasse Hogan. 

Fairmount — United States. — On July 4, 1852, 
the Fairmount Fire Company was organized by 
William C. Figner (president), William J. Miller 
(secretary), Frederick Breyer (treasurer), William 
H. Hawkins, John W. Hoey, Henry A. Breyer and 
Alfred H. Breyer. They rented a one-story frame 
building on Pine Street, below Third, which the 
Shinier had vacated, and the City Council gave 
them the old Fairmount engine. George W. Wat- 



444 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



son, Anthony R. Joline, Thomas Francis, John L. 
Ames, George W. Howard, William F. Colbert, 
Francis FuUerton, John S. Eoss, Joshua Spencer, 
Lawrence Breyer, William H. Lane and James 
Scout were enrolled as additional members. On 
February 17, 1853, a charter of incorporation was 
obtained, and on February 10, 1854, the name of 
the company was changed to " United States Fire 
Company, No. 5." James Scout was chosen presi- 
dent, and George Deal, secretary. They secured 
a first-class engine, bought ground and built a com- 
modious two-story frame house at No. 231) Pine 
Street, which continued to be the headquarters of 
the company until it disbanded, with the other 
volunteer fire companies, in 1869. 

The Weccacoe Hose Company JS'o. 2, was or- 
ganized on March 15, 1858, by Allan Ward, Ed- 
ward T. James, Edward J. Steer, John W. Gar- 
wood, George W. Thomas, Simeon H. Pine, 
Thomas C. Barrett, Thomas Ellis, John Thornton, 
and the following officers were elected : Thomas 
D. Laverty (president), Allan Ward (vice-presi- 
dent), Edward T. James (secretary) and E. J. Steer 
(treasurer). The headquarters of the company 
were with the Weccacoe Fire Company for nearly 
two years, and they removed to a stable belonging 
to Isaac Shreeve, near Hudson and Bridge Ave- 
nues, and later to De La Cour's laboratory, on 
Front, near Arch. In 1863 they bought ground on 
Benson, above Fifth, at a cost of four hundred and 
fifty dollars, and erected a two-story building of 
brick, costing two thousand two hundred dollars. 
On February 2, 1860, the company was incorporated. 
In 1868 the company purchased a steam fire-engine 
at a cost of five thousand eight hundred dollars, 
which they expected to pay, by subscription, but 
the agitation of the question of a paid department 
prevented the collection of the money, and when 
they went out of service, in 1869, they were five 
thousand dollars in debt. Instead of disbanding, 
they resolved to maintain the organization until 
every obligation was licjuidated and the honor of 
the company sustained. To do this they utilized 
their assets, met regularly and contributed as if in 
active service, and after fourteen years of honest 
eflbrt, September 8, 1883, they met, and after pay- 
ing the last claims against them, amounting to 
$14.25, adjourned. 



CHAPTER III. 

EARLY BU.SINESS INTERESTS OF t'AMDEN. 

Camden in 1815~Camdeii in 182-4 — ABseasiaeut of 1834 — Manu- 
facturing ludiiBtries and Interesting Facta — Pleasure Gardens — 
"Sausage Weaving." 

Camden in 1815. — The Cooper mansions were 
not in the town plan made by Jacob Cooper. In 
the list of names of those who became pur- 
chasers of lots will be found that of Vincent 
Mari Pilosi. He was an Italian and a merchant 
in Philadelphia. The lots he purchased were 
Nos. 24, 30 and 32. The last two were purchased 
after the death of Jacob Cooper. No. 24 fronted 
on C()0])er Street and No. 30 was directly south, 
adjoining, and fronted on Market Street. No. 32 
was the lot on the corner of Market and Second, 
where the present National State Bank now stands. 
In the year 1780 Mr. Pilosi built a large mansion- 
house, sixty-six by twenty-two feet, three stories 
high, of English brick, alternately red and white, 
upon the lots on Cooper Street, a part of which is 
now No. 122. The lots, with others, were made into 
a large garden. Mr. Pilosi died of yellow fever in 
1793, and wjis buried in his garden. His widow 
afterwards married a Mr. Tiffin and in 1815 died 
and was buried by the side of her first husband. 

In later years the remains of Mr. Pilosi and his 
wife were taken up and removed to the Camden 
Cemetery. The garden was used as a lumber-yard 
for many years afterward and eventually laid out 
into lots. A portion of the old mansion was used for 
five years as the "soup-house " of the Dorcas So- 
ciety and is now used as a carpenter shop. Years 
ago thirty-six feet of the front wall on the west 
end were taken down and the double brick build- 
ing was erected on its site. Probably the oldest per- 
son living born in Camden and now a resident is 
Benjamin Farrow. He was born October 12, 1804, 
in the two-story brick house built by hi.s father, 
Peter Farrow, in 1802, which stood on the site of 
the State Bank, and purchased by that institution 
in 1812. His father was a shoemaker and carried 
on an extensive business by " whipping the cat," 
which means that he visited the farmers, engaged 
work and sent his journeymen with their " kits '' to 
the several ])lacts, who made the shoes for the 
families, the farmers finding the leather. About 
1810 Peter Farrow bought the time of a young 
Dutch redemptioncr, who, after a few week.s' ser- 
vice, oflered for liis time to make for his son, Ben- 
jamin a pair of boots seamed in the side, they hav- 
ing been made prior with the scam at the back. 
This oll'cr Farrow accepted, and the young Ben- 



TIIH CITY OF CAMDEN. 



445 



janiin trod the streets of Camden, proud of his 
new boots, and became a walking advertisement 
and gained for his father much trade. 

IJenjamin Farrow, in 1820, was apprenticed to 
Gideon Stivers for five years, and continued with 
him until 1839, and helped to build Coopers Creek 
bridge, St. Paul's Episcopal Church and other 
buildings. From 1840 to IS.'iU he was in the 
empli)y of the Camden and Amboy Railroad 
Company and was stationed on Wind-Mill Islaml 
to light lamps, ring the fog bell and kept the 
register of boats passing through the canal. He 
handled the rope the night the " New Jersey " 
was burned (see page 3(58), and helped swing her 
round to start for the bar. After service with the 
company, he was sixteen years with Gilbert Balson 
in the produce business, making a term of fifty- 
one years in the employ of but three persons or 
firms. He now resides at 256 Sycamore Street. 
His memory of the early days is excellent. 

In 1815, he states, on Cooper Street there was a 
group of houses at the ferry, the Pilosi house de- 
scribed above and then occupied by Mr. and Mrs. 
Tittin ; a frame house on the corner of Third and 
Cooper, occupied by Isaac Wilkins, and who later 
kept a lumber-yard extending from the bank to 
where the Wat Jersey Press building now stands; 
and the brick rough-cast house of Edward Sharp, 
long known as the Dr. Harris house, on the corner 
of Second and Cooper. 

Joshua Cooper's brick house was built in 1810, 
and was later owned by Dr. Isaac S. Mulford, and 
now by the Safe Deposit Company. Joshua 
Cooper was an ardent Federalist, and about 1803 
named the road that extended down to his ferry 
Federal Street, hence the origin of the name. 
Nearly opposite Joshua Cooper's farm-house, and 
where S. S. E. Cowperth wait's stfire now stands, was 
a frame house. On the corner of Second and Fed- 
eral was a frame house, occupied by Henry Chew, 
a sea-captain. On Fourth and Federal stood the 
Methodist Church, erected in 1809, and on Fed- 
eral, near Fiftli Street, was a frame house, occu- 
pied by Frank Peters. 

Plum Street was laid out in 1803, and the name 
changed to Arch by action of the Common Council 
.Tune 26, 1873. On the north side of Plum, above 
Third Street, in 1815 were two one-story and two 
two-story frame buildings. On the northwest cor- 
ner of Fourth and Plum was a frame building 
owned by Sylvanus Shepherd, and on the northeast 
corner a two-story brick building owned by Isaac 
Smith. Next above was a frame building owned 
by Captain Manley Smallwood; above were two 
or three frame buildings owned by Amos Middle- 
53 



ton, father of ex-Mayor Timothy Middleton. Ed- 
ward Daughcrty made sausages in a two-story 
frame building above Sylvanus Shepherd's. 
Thomas Smith lived on the southeast corner of 
Fourth and Plum. His widow, a few years later, 
erected the building on the northeast corner of 
Fourth and Federal. On the south side of Plum 
Street, below Fourth, were three frame buildings 
owned by John Warren. Below was a two-story 
frame house built in 1810 by Mrs. Peter P'arrow, 
below which, in the same block, were two frame 
houses and two brick houses owned by Daniel 
Swim. 

On Market Street wore the ferry-hou.ses. On the 
south side, below Second Street, was a frame build- 
ing put up in 1810 by Thomas Wright, and now 
used as a saloon, and a brick bank building corner 
of Second and Market, the brick dwelling-house of 
George Genge, still standing on the southeast cor- 
ner of Second and Market. On Market, above 
Third, the brick building now .standing, long the 
residence of Dr. O. G. Taylor. There were no other 
houses on Market Street, except the academy, on 
the corner of Sixth and Market Streets. 

The Friends' Meeting-house, built in 1801, stood 
at the intersection of Mount Ephraini road and 
Mount Vernon Streets, and near it was the resi- 
dence of Richard Jordan, a prominent minister 
among the Friends, a sketch of whom will be 
found on page 331. 

At Coopers Point was the ferry-house, built in 
1770, the dwelling-house above (now occupied by 
Mrs. Sarah (Cooper) Gaskill), built iu 1789, and a 
few other smaller dwellings ; the old Benjamin 
Cooper house, built in 1734, the I. C. E. hou^e, 
built in 1788, and the Cope house, built in 1766, 
all still standing. 

At Kaighns Point was the old mansion-house of 
John Kaighn, built in 1696, with its yew and 
box-trees in front, and the house built by Joseph 
Kaighn, about 1750, then used as a ferry-house 
and standing on the bank of the river, but now 
several blocks away, and a few other dwellings and 
out-houses. 

Between the Federal Street Ferry and the 
Kaighns Point Ferry was the farm-house of 
Isaac Kaighn, occupied by Thomas, the father of 
Joseph Githens, now the oldest living ferryman 
on the river. Below Kaighns Run were the his- 
toric old Mickle residences. 

In 1815 Randall Sparks was keeping a ferry. 
Soon after this time the question of extending 
slavery into the Wastcrn States and Territories 
was being agitated throughout the North, and a 
public meeting of the citizens of Gloucester was 



446 



IIISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



called to meet at tbe house of Randall Sparks, iu 
Camden, on the 10th of December, 1819, " for the 
purpose of taking into consideration the subject of 
slavery and to express their sentiments and opin- 
ions on the propriety of limiting its extension and 
prohibiting its introduction into new States here- 
after to be admitted into the Union." 

At this meeting Edward Sharp was appointed 
chairman and J. J. Foster secretary. A committee 
was appointed — consisting of the Rev. Samuel Wil- 
mer, Svvedesboro'; John Tatem, Jr., Deptford ; 
John Firth, Gloucester ; Edward Sharp, Camden ; 
John Clement and J. J. Foster, Haddoniield ; and 
Daniel Lake, of Egg Harbor — to draft resolutions, 
expressive of their sentiments and to prepare a 
memorial for signatures deprecating the admission 
of new States and Territories upon the terms pro- 
posed. 

The ferries constituted the leading business of 
Camden in 1800. In addition, there were several 
tanneries, one of which was conducted by a Mr. 
Haines. It was near Coopers Point, north of Vine 
and west of Point Street. He was succeeded by 
Charles Stokes, who sold to Captain William 
Newton, wbo continued until his death, when the 
business was abandoned. 

A tannery also wasin operation between Market 
and Arch Streets, below Front. It was abandoned 
about 1822. 

Benjamin Allen, before 1810, established a tan- 
nery west of Second Street and north of Kaighn 
Avenue. It was continued until 1838, and at one 
time had forty vats. 

William Williams, an enterprising resident of 
Camden, as early as 1816, constructed a large bath- 
house, which in the warm season he moored 
on the west side of the bar above Wind-Mill Is- 
land, and running row-boats to Market Street, 
Philadelphia, for passengers, secured a good pat- 
ronage and made money. When his house was 
worn out, however, he quit the business. In 1835 
similar boat-houses on the river excited the ire of 
City Council, and a committee was appointed to 
induce the Philadelphia authorities to suppress the 
annoyance to the modest who crossed the river on 
the ferry-boats. 

Camden in 1824.— About 1800 William Bates, 
a blacksmith, opened a shop on the east side of 
Front Street, above Market, and on the site of 
Joseph Z. Collings' present coach factory. A few 
years later he sold to Thomas L. Rowand, who 
conducted the business several years and sold to 
Samuel Foreman, who had been his apprentice, 
and continued many years, and in 1841 the busi- 
ness was sold to Samuel D. EUVeth, who, in 1848, 



moved to the site of the Electric Light Company's 
works and continued as a machinist, repairing ferry- 
boats until 18G3, when be sold to Derby & Weath- 
erby, who then began their present business. Sam- 
uel D. Elfretb was apprenticed by his father, Joseph 
Elfreth, of Haddonfield, in 1824, to Samuel Fore- 
man, the blacksmith, in Camden. In April of that 
year, when fourteen years of age, he came to 
Camden and began his apprenticeship. He de- 
scribes the busine.-s interests of the place at that 
time as follows : Foreman's blacksmith shop and 
Samuel Glover's carriage shop were on the site of 
J. Z. Collings' present coach factory; Samuel Scull 
had formerly occupied the place of Glover, but was 
then carrying on the same business at the corner 
of Arch and Front Streets. He died a few years 
later. 

William Carman, who married Mary, the daugh- 
ter of Daniel Cooper, removed to Camden about 
1820, and in 1823 built the large brick house stand- 
ing on the northeast corner of Broadway and Bridge 
Avenue, where he resided. By his marriage he 
came into posses-ion of considerable land lying 
between Federal Street and Washington, and made 
many improvements. In 1830 he built the large 
frame bouse on the southwest corner of Broadway 
and Federal Streets. He carried on the lumber 
business and saw-mill at Coopers Point many 
years and was active in city affairs. 

On the southwest corner of Front and Cooper 
stood a livery stable, occupied by Joshua Porter 
and John Thorn. A tannery had formerly stood 
ui)on its site. On the west side of Front Street, 
joining the livery stable, was the printing-office 
conducted by Samuel Ellis, who then published 
the American Star and Rural Uecord. 

On the corner of Front and Market was Brown- 
ing's Ferry House, leased then to Benjamin Springer 
who ran the Market Street Ferry with a nine-horse 
team-boat. Between Market and Plum and on 
Front Street stood the carriage fiictory and black- 
smith shop of Isaac Vansciver. It was destroyed by 
fire Nov. 24, 1834, with a large amount of stock, 
also his dwelling-house adjoining. The buildings 
in the vicinity were much endangered, and the 
progress of the fire was stopped by fire companies 
of Philadelphia that crossed the ferry. The build- 
ings belonged to Abraham Browning, Sr., who 
promptly rebuilt on the site three brick buildings, 
and Vansciver again took possession. The citizens 
of Camden met at Isaiah Toy's Ferry House and 
passed resolutions recognizing the efficient ser- 
vices of twelve fire companies and ten hose com- 
panies of Philadelphia. On the 18th of January, 
1842, Vansciver's coach factory was again de- 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



447 



stroyed by fire, and rebuilt by Mr. Browning, and 
again on the 19th of May, 185(), a fire occurred at 
the phice and destroyed one of the buildings in 
which was a barrel and keg factory on the first 
floor and a soap factory on the second floor. 

Thomas Rogers, whose house was on the north- 
east corner of Second and Market, was a brass 
founder, and had a shop to the rear of his resi- 
dence. This section of the town was very swampy, 
and an elevated walk was built from his house to 
the shop. To the rear of the shop was a large 
pond, where the boys of the neighborhood sought 
cat-fish and eels, with which it was plentifully 
stocked. 

Samuel Cake, in 1824, kept the Federal Street 
Ferry House, and ran a stage from the ferry to 
Leeds Point, Atlantic County. In a slack time of 
business, between 1820 and 1825, Benjamin Farrow, 
apprentice to Gideon Stivers, drove a stage a 
short time over this route, leaving the ferry at six 
o'clock A.M., and reaching the terminus at four 
o'clock P.M., making six miles an hour, and car- 
ried the mail in his pocket. Stages also ran from 
the same ferry to Cape May and Tuckerton, under 
charge of Joel Bedine; to Woodbury, under John 
N. Watson; and to Bridgeton, under John Parvin. 
On the south side of Federal Street, at the ferry, 
were the livery stables of Samuel Laning and the 
hay-scales and grocery of John Wessels. 

The bank was then in operation on the corner 
of Second and Market Streets, the building having 
been formerly used as a dwelling and shoe-shop of 
Peter Farrow. Richard M. Cooper kejit a store at 
Cooper Street Ferry and also the post-oflice. 
Nathan Davis was for many years his deputy, and 
finally succeeded him in the post-ofiice. A cigar- 
box was the receptacle of all the letters brought 
by one mail then. William Cooper kept the 
Coopers Point Ferry and Ferry House. A store 
was kept at that place by John Wood. 

Where the Camden and Amboy Railroad track 
crosses Market Street, Isaac McCully had a black- 
smith shop, William Cafl'rey soon after opened a 
wheelwright shop, and around these shops grew 
up Dogwoodtown in later days, and the shops 
developed into the establishment of Charles Caf- 
fray. 

At the head of Market, on north side, above 
f^ifth Street, and the upper end of the town plot, 
in 1824 Jacob Lehr built a large candle factory, 
twenty by fifty feet, with a capacity of making at 
one time one thousand two hundred candles daily. 
It was continued by him until 1840, and was later 
used by Frederick Fearing, who manufactured 
piano-s in the building until about 1854. The 



drug store of Charles Stejtheiisnu occupies part of 
the site. 

Benjamin Allen was running a tannery with 
forty vats at Kaighns Point, west of Second Street, 
and north of Kaighn Avenue. It had been in 
operation many years. 

Elias Kaighn had established, at Kaighns Point, 
an edge tool and carriage spring nuinufactory, 
which he enlarged and added thereto a foundry. 
He also had a foundry in Camden about 1835 to 
1840, which, in the latter year, he leased and con- 
tinued at Kaighns Point. In 1834 he opened a 
coal-yard at Kaighns Point, and kept the Lehigh 
and Schuylkill coal. His foundry and shops were 
continued many years. 

The Ferry House and ferry at Kaighns Point 
were kept by Ebenezer Toole. 

Assessments of 1834.— In 1834 Isaac H. Porter 
was assessor, Caleb Roberts, collector, and John 
K. Cowperthwaite, treasurer of Camden township, 
with Nathan Davis, Gideon V. Stivers and Isaac 
Vansciver, commissioners of appeal. The tax re- 
quired was,— For State, $158.90 ; county, $470.25 ; 
poor, $235;' town ship, $600,— total, $1463.15. The 
tax-rate was 25 cents on the $100; householders, 45 
cents; single men, $1.65; horses and mules, 40 cents; 
cattle, 18 cents; gigs and chairs (pleasure carriages), 
28 cents; common wagons and dearborns, 40 cents; 
j.ack-wagons (leather springs), 80 cents ; .sulkies, 21 
cents. There were 561 ratables, of whom 440 
were householders and 121 single men. The tax 
duplicate footed up $2153, less $74.50 dog tax. 
The dog tax was 50 cents. The following, taken 
from the assessments of that year, will give an 
idea of the possessions of the leading property- 
holders of that day : 

Mrs. Ann Andrews was taxed $4 for a lumber- 
yard. Josiah Atkinson was assessed at $1000. Ben- 
jamin Allen, the tanner, for forty vats, $1300 
mortgages and $1900 real estate. Atwood & Caw- 
cey, five lots on Market Street, $1300. Ann Bur- 
rough, for the Taylor property on Market, above 
Third, was assessed $300, and $2000 for other 
property. William Bates, house and lot, southeast 
corner Fifth and Market, $1500; five lots on Fifth, 
below Market, $300, and lands, $600. Abraham 
Browning, Sr., store and lot. Second and Market, 
$1000 ; livery stable, $500 ; other property, $1500. 
Richard M. Cooper, property, $12,200; lands, 
$1500 ; his tax was $39.40. William Carman's 
property was assessed at $18,800 ; one lot, $300 ; 
and his saw-mill was taxed $4. Daniel S. Carter, 
assessed at $800 and Edward Dougherty at $700. 
Elizabeth Heyle was assessed at S7000, besides 
twenty-three lots at $900. Hugh Hatch, assessed 



448 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



at $15,100 ; tax, $47. Joseph Kaighn's assessments 
were, — three lots. $4.50; three lots, $150 ; a store, 
$400 ; bonds and mortgages, $47,985; other prop- 
erty, S4400,— total, $53,385; his tax was $136.60. 
Charles Kaighn was assessed at $2900 and taxed 
$1 for a lumber-yard. Charity, Urace and Ann 
Kaighn were assessed $1700, $1100, and .$3200, re- 
spectively. John Kaighn, real property, $4.')00 ; 
lands and mortgages, $5000. Ebenezer Levicki 
the tanner, was taxed for forty vats, and Aiiley 
McAlla, long cashier of the Statej Bank, was 
assessed for $2000 of property. Dr. Isaac Miil- 
ford was assessed at $4300. William Fortner 
waa assessed at $2100, and for a lot and shop 
he bought of Caleb Roberts, next to the south- 
west corner of Second Street and Federal, $200. 
Richard Fetter's 48i Fettersville lots were as- 
sessed at $50 each. The frame two-story house 
which he used for a store, and an upper room of 
which he rented for Council meetings in 1828, for 
$12 per year, on Third below Market, where As- 
sociation Hall now stands, was assessed at $400. 
His other property was assessed at $11,485, besides 
$4655 in lands and mortgages and $100 for " the 
Shivers lot," total, 119,080. This tax was $47.62i. 
Ellen Genge, real property, $7300 ; personal, $4,- 
000. Her tax was $28.55. Frederick Rath, the 
veteran ferryman, was assessed at $2200. Collector 
Caleb Roberts was taxed 63 cents. John Sisty, the 
Baptist preacher, was assessed at $5800, besides 
$3900 in the name of Sisty & Richards, partners 
in real estate transactions. Isaac Smith's property 
was assessed at $8600, and bonds at $400. Joab 
Scull was assessed at $1200, and taxed $4 for his 
store at Second and Federal. 

Gideon V. Stivers was assessed at $9400, besides 
$350 for his carpenter shop, which stood on Fourth 
Street, adjoining the First Baptist Church on the 
north. He was also assessed $150 for " Stokes' 
shop." Ebenezer Toole, of the Kaighns Point 
Ferry, was assessed at $19,250 ; also $900 for 3J lots 
and $50 for a lot. His tax was $50.25. Isaac Van- 
sciver's carriage factory, Front and Arch, was as- 
sessed at $1200, and his other property at $5000. 
Joseph Weatherby built and opened the Railroad 
Hotel, Second and Bridge Avenue, when the Cam- 
den and Amboy Railroad was built, and was as- 
sessed at $600. David Read, grandfather of Joseph 
J., Edmund E. and the late John S. Read, was 
assessed at $2000, besides a lot at $.'iOO. 

The legal fee of the assessor was eight cents j)er 
name, but the economic voters of that day devised 
a plan to save by voting for the candidate who 
offered to do the work for the lowest price. Thus 
Daniel S. Carter, at the sprins eleclion in 1S3.S, 



offered to assess for four cents, and being the low- 
est bidder, got the votes and the job, but when he 
asked for eight cents a name he received it, for 
the law was on his side. When, however, at the 
next town-meeting, he made a similar offer, the 
voters preferred the bid of Caleb Roberts for four 
cents and made him assessor, with Isaac H. Porter 
collector on the same terms. The emoluments of 
the offices that year were, — Roberts, assessor, $34.- 
02 ; Porter, collector, $35.52 ; while Josiah Shi- 
vers, assessor in 18.35, received $59.73 for his ser- 
vices, his popularity, or, maybe, absence of compe- 
tition, securing him the contract at six cents a. 
name. 

IntekestinCt Facts and Incidents. — Joseph 
Edwards, in the year 1826, erected a distillery 
for the distilling of spirits of turpentine, on the 
west side of Front Street, south of the old print- 
ing-office. Rosin was brought from North Car- 
olina, and for several years he carried on an 
extensive business, and until distilleries began to 
be erected nearer the supply of rosin. About 1833 
he sold to Benjamin F. Davis, who turned his 
attention to the preparation of camphine, burning- 
fluid and other illuminators. He did a large busi- 
ness and made money. Several disastrous fires 
occurred at his works, and Council passed an 
ordinance restricting the boiling or distilling of 
oil or turpentine within the city limits. With the 
advent of coal oil, Davis' occupation vanished. 

Charles Freeman, about 1833, established a fac- 
tory at the foot of what is now Penn Street, on the 
north side, for the manufacture of leather and fur 
caps. Women were mostly employed. His works 
were removed a short time after to near the centre 
of the square bounded by Front, Second, Market 
and Cooper Streets, where he added the manufac- 
ture of oil-cloth. This establishment was destroyed 
by fire January 18, 1844. 

After Charles Freeman removed his cap factory 
from the foot of Penn Street, Flannigan & Carpen- 
ter fitted up the building for a grist-mill, which 
they continued for several years and sold to Bing- 
ham & McKeen. The mill was in operation until 
it was destroyed by fire. Above the grist-mill of 
Flannigan & Carpenter, Joseph Jones also erected 
a grist-null, which was in operation several years. 

Jacob Sawn, in June, 1834, began the manufac- 
ture of cedar-ware on Second Street, five doors 
below Federal. Jacob Ludlam, who had kept 
store for several years on Federal Street, opposite 
the town-house, sold his grocery, April 15, 1834, 
to Aniasa Armstrong. Josiah S. Stevenson, April 
15, 1834, opened a flour, feed and grocery store on 
the corner of Market and Second Streets, opposite 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



449 



the bank. John R. Sickler, former editor of the 
Camden Mail, in 1834 opened h "drug and medi- 
cine store" at his residence, on Market Street, be- 
tween Third and Fourth. 

About 1830 Robert Smith ftarted a pottery, 
usini; a portion of Benjamin Allen's premi-ses at 
Kaighns Point. He took in partnership with him 
his brother, George H. Smith. The product was 
glazed earthenware. The industry continued for 
a number of years. George H. Smith was a har- 
ness-maker and a prominent politician. 

Benjamin Dugdale, a son-in-law of James 
Kaighn, about 1830 established a tannery at the 
loot of Cooper Street, on the site of Esterbrook's 
pen factory, which in 1834 had ibrty vats and was 
conducted by Ebenezer Levick. The site was 
later used by Joseph Myers for a livery stable, and 
until the Camden Water- Works Company erected 
the brick building now part of the pen factory. 

Smith & Kane, in May, 1834, opened a " Drug 
and Medicine Store" on the northwest corner of 
Plum and Third Streets, and in May, 183.5, dis- 
solved partnership. Daniel S. Smith continued 
the business and soon after sold to Dr. J. Roberts. 
J. C. De La Cour became a partner and on October 
19, 1836, the latter was alone in the "Drug and 
Chemical Store," and is now (188()) in the same 
business. Browning Morgan had been for many 
years engaged in the sale of drugs and medicine. 

Ledden Davis, after conducting the dry-goods 
and grocery business for many years, sold out in 
June, 1834. A few years later he went to Chicago. 
His store was on the north side of Plum Street, 
two doors below PViurth. 

Norcross. Reeves, Toy & Co. advertised, Octo- 
ber 23, 1834, "that in addition to their old estab- 
lished mail-stage, they would begin to run a new 
accommodation stage, to leave Good Intent every 
morning, Sundays excepted, and pass through 
Blackwoodto«n, Chews Landing, Mount Ephraim, 
and returning leave Toy's Ferry, Camden, at 2.30 

P..M." 

John Brock and Jonathan Pitney, M.D., (the 
latter of whom became the projector of the Cam- 
den and Atlantic Railroad), in this year (1834) 
(lisjiosed of their line of stages running between 
Philadelphia, Absecom and Somers Point, consist- 
ing of twelve horses, two stages and mail contract. 

Dr. Lee advertised that he '' had paid consider- 
able attention to the practice of dentistry, such as 
tilling, plugging and extracting teeth," and asked 
the patronage of the people of Camden. 

Philip J. Grey, then editor of the West Jer- 
sey Mail, says, in this year (1834), that Camden 
sends off two or three coaches daily to the South. 



Mr. Cole has a four-story shop with one hundred 
windows. Richards & CVdlins and T. & R. S. 
Humphreys each had shops. Isaac Vansciver was 
also the proprietor of a large establishment. 

Davy Crockett, the celebrated frontiersman, 
stopped in Camden on the 14th of May, 1834, 
while on his way to Washington from Boston. He 
was then a representative in Congress from the 
State of Kentucky. He also stopped at Jersey 
City on his way to Camden, and at a shooting- 
match there he gave splendid evidences of his 
skill as a marksman, hitting a silver quarter of a 
dollar at a distance of forty yards. While visiting 
Camden he was the guest of Isaiah Toy, at his 
Ferry Hotel, now at the foot of Fedei-al Street. 
After attending a banquet given by Mr. Toy, in 
his honor, he participated in a shooting-match, 
but before he had an opportunity to sustain his 
fame as a marksman, "some of the light-fingered 
gentry," always present at such places, stole from 
him the sum of one hundred and sixty dollars, 
which very much discomfited the humorist Con- 
gressman. Other unwary persons present met a 
similar misfortune at this shooting-match. 

By an act of Congress in 1834, the city of Cam- 
den became a port of entry, and Morris Croxall 
became surveyor and inspector. 

August 25, 1834, George Elliot, an aeronaut, 
made an ascension from Camden in his balloon 
" Lafayette." 

Daniel S. Southard and Abraham Browning in 
this year associated themselves together to prac- 
tice law and opened an office in a building adjoin- 
ing Toy's Hotel. 

In 183.5 there were two thou.sand people and 
four hundred houses in Camden ; the latter were 
all occupied and there was a great demand for 
more. 

Benjamin Burrough, who for many years had 
kept a livery stable at Coopers Point, advertised 
for sale in May, 1834 ; Bradford Stratton, of the 
same place, advertised his livery stable for sale 
September 30, 1835. 

Jacob S. Collings, before 1835, had a coach man- 
ufactory, which " turns coaches, dear-borns and 
vehicles of various descriptions." 

In August, 1835, William Korcross &, Co., of 
Blackwood, advertised " a new and superior line of 
stages leaving Reeves' Ferry, Market Street, Phil- 
adelphia, and Toy's Ferry, Camden, passing 
through Mount Ephraim, Chews Landing, Black- 
wood, Cross Keys, Squankum, Free Will, Blue 
Anchor, Winslow, Mays Landing and Somers 
Point to Absecom, where there are superior ad- 
vantages for sea-bathing." 



450 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



In 1835 Hannah Clement was keeping a dry- 
goods store on Federal Street, below Third. She 
advertised a full supply of all kinds of goods. 

Mrs. Vaughn, in 183.5, owned a bakery on the 
corner of Third and Market, and in December c)f 
that year sold to E. D. Wessels. 

In 1836 William J. Hatch was keeping a store 
on the corner of Market and Third Streets. 

William Morris, in 1836, carried on the watch 
and clock-making business near the corner of 
Third and Plum. 

On Monday evening, April 4, 1836, at " early 
caudle-light," a temperance meeting convened in 
the Methodist Episcopal Church. An address w.is 
delivered by William Kee, chairman of the State 
Temperance Society. Jacob S. Collings was chair- 
man of ihe meeting. A committee was appointed 
to draft a constitution for a Camden society. The 
committee reported and a ccmstitution was read 
and adopted and a society formed. 

Mark Burrough, in 1836, established the busi- 
ness of weaving on Plum Street, between Third 
and Fourth Streets. 

Joseph C. Morgan, in June, 1836, advertised for 
sale his grocery store at Paul's Ferry, Camden. 

J. C. Burrough established a tailor shop on the 
corner of Second and Federal Streets March 1, 
1837. 

The new burial-ground was opened in May, 
1837, and the first sale of lots was made on the 29th 
of the month. 

Charles Bontemps opened a gunsmith-shop op- 
posite the bank July 12, 1837. He continued 
many years and later was postmaster. 

Caleb Roberts opened a cabinet-shop on Third 
Street, opposite the Methodist Church, in 1837. 

William Wannon, in February, 1839, established 
a book-bindery in Fettersville, which continued 
many years. 

D. Dickinson, a portrait and miniature painter, 
opened a studio in Camden August 19, 1840. 

Horatio Shepherd and Andrew Wilson for sev- 
eral years liad conducted pump-making between 
Clement's and English's Ferries, and August 7, 
1840, dissolved partnership and Wilson contin- 
ued. 

Dr. Richard M. Cooper opened an office between 
Front and Second, on Cooper Street, August 26, 
1840. The upper part of the Baptist Church was 
dedicated January 3, 1841 ; N. B. Tindall was then 
pastor. On the 5th of July, 1840, J. Coffee opened 
11 public-house called "Coffee's Woodlands." Seven 
acres of woodland were fitted up for the public. 
It was ten minutes' walk from the ferries, and on 
Sunday afternoons an omnibus was in waiting at 



Walnut Street Ferry to conduct visitors to the 
garden. Judge J. K. Cowperthwait opened a store 
in January, 1841, on the northeast corner of Sec- 
ond and Federal Streets. Charles B. Mench was 
upholstering in a shop on Plum Street, six doors 
above Second Street. 

J. & H. Chapman, tin plate and sheet-iron 
workers, had a shop in 1841 on Market Street be- 
tween Second and Third- John Ross established 
a tailor shop in May, 1841, in No. 4 Lanning's 
Row, opposite Cake's Hotel (Toy's Ferry House). 
John B. Richardson advertised to furnish Camden 
with Schuylkill coal, from August 12, 1840. Sep- 
tember 16th, the same year. Cole & Ell'reth also 
had coal for sale. Their office was on Front Street, 
between Market aiid Plum. William Carman, who 
had kept both Lehigh and Schuylkill coal since 
1835, advertised to deliver it from his mill at $4.50 
per ton. In 1841 Richard Fetters advertised two 
hundred and eight lots for sale, parts of and addi- 
tions to his plct, which derived the name of Fet- 
tersville. On the 8th of June, 1840, George G. 
Hatch advertised " to open a milk route and to 
supply Camden with pure, good milk and cream," 
and solicited patronage. This does not appear to 
be the first attempt to open a milk route, as in 
1825 William Carman built a two-story brick house 
on the east side of Newton Avenue, south of Bridge 
Avenue, for his tenant, Witten Richmond, who 
farmed the land and managed the dairy, the 
Coopers Creek meadows providing the pasture. 
He was the first to serve customers by going from 
hou.se to house. The dairy farm was continued a-s 
late as 1859. 

In 1842 John & James G. Capewell established 
works for the manufacture of flint glassware at 
Kaighns Point. They were located in the block 
bounded by Kaighn Avenue and Sycamore, Sec- 
ond and Locust. The Capewells were masters of 
the craft, and putting on the market a superior ar- 
ticle, established a large and lucrative trade, and 
gave employment to twenty-five skilled mechanics, 
besides other help. The works flourished until 
crippled by the financial crisis and industrial de- 
pression of 1857, and after a struggle of two years, 
were finally closed in 1859. 

S. W. Trotter, in May, 1842, was kee])ing an 
" iron store" next to R. W. Cake's Hotel and ferry. 
R. W. Howell opened a law-office at the foot of 
Market Street in 1841, and in May, 1842, moved 
to building adjoining Cake's Hotel. A Union 
Temperance Beneficial Society of Camden was or- 
ganized in January, 1842, under an act of Leg- 
islature, with Samuel H. Davis as secretary. 
Clement Cresson, a druggist at No. 'A, south side 



THK CITY OF CAMDEN. 



4r)l 



of Market Street, sold to Edward Cole in Feb- 
ruary, 1843. William Carman built at Coopers 
Point a large ice-house in the fall of 1.S42, wbieh 
held "oO.OOO bushels of ice." 

Joseph C. Shivers, the proprietor of the old es- 
tablished line of stages to Haddonficld, sold the 
business, in October, 1843, to Benjamin M. Rob- 
erts. Evans & Brink, who owned a wharf on the 
river-bank, in August, 1843, opened also a coal- 
yard, where they kept for sale I.iehigh, Beaver 
Meadow, Peach Orchard, Sugar Loaf, Hazleton 
and Schuylkill coal for sale. Dr. G. Schwartz, 
who had been practicing homreopathy for nine 
years, July 23, 1845, advertised that he intended 
to locate permanently in Camden, and was daily 
at Mr. Fearing's house, on Market Street near 
Sixth. R. J. Ward opened a new store, corner of 
Federal and Third Streets, in January, 1844. Ed- 
ward Browning & Brothers erected a steam jjlaster- 
mill on the river's edge and JIarket Street, in 
March, 1846. 

Jesse W. Starr, the proprietor of the West Jer- 
sey Iron Foundry, opened a hardware store on 
Bridge Avenue, below Second Street, in 184G. 

In the year of 1845 great additions were made 
to the town by extensive building of rows of brick 
hcjuses in South Camden. Three large brick 
houses by Mr. Fearing ; one large brick dwelling, 
corner of Market and Second, by Edward Smith ; 
five-story brick buildingon site of ihe"late fire;" 
three-story elegant brick dwelling, on Cooper 
Street, by William Lavvi-ence; Collins & Carman, 
two large brick coach-shops, and many other 
smaller buildings. Ralph Lee opened a coal-yard 
at Kaighns Point in 1852. It had been sold three 
years before by Elias Kaighn. 

In 1852 Lefevre, Guthrie & Co. were running 
the carriage factory established many years before 
bv Isaac Cole. It was on the river at the foot of 
Plum Street. 

About 1845 Collins and the heirs of Marmaduke 
C. Cope erected on the. Cope property a mill for 
the manufacture of paper. It was operated by 
James and Robert Greeuleaf; March 24, 1854, 
they made an assignment to P. J. Grey. At that 
time the mill had been lately repaired, and had a 
capacity of manufacturing forty-five tons of paper 
per month, with ten rag-machines, one cylinder 
and one Fourdrinier machine. The machine-shops 
of M. Furbush & Son now occupy the site. 

The Camden Literary and Library Association 
was organized January 23, 1852. A course of lec- 
tures was conducted in 1853. 

Dr. G. S. Frederick Pfiefter, homreopathic i)hy- 
sician, opened an office at No. 48 Stevens Street in 



1854. The Free Reading- Room Association opened 
rooms in the second story of Samuel Andrews' 
building in Octolier, 1851. The corner-stone of 
the Methodist Church, on Coopers Hill, was laid 
August 7, 1855; Bishop Janes and Rev. Mr. Bar- 
tine conducted the services. The State Agricul- 
tural Society held its fair at Camden September 
18-21, 1855. The Washington Market-House Com- 
pany was organized April 17, 185C. Brink & Dur- 
viu, in 1854, erected a rolling-mill at (hoopers Point, 
near the head of Third Street, for the manufac- 
ture of bai'-iron, and operated it for several years. 
It was afterwards bought by the firm of Noble, 
Hammett & Co., of which Asa Packer was also 
a member. It was subsequently sold to A. T_ 
Wilson & Co., who did a large business, but 
eventually transferred it to the Camden RoUing- 
Mill Company, which was incorporated by Charles 
Garrett, J. W. Middleton, Jacob Harned, William 
Decou, Edward Middleton, Nathan Middleton, 
Allen Middleton and David Longeneeker, w-ho 
continued business for many years. A nail factory 
for the production of cut nails was built by A. T. 
Wilson & Co., in 18G0, on Front Street, adjoining 
the rolling-mill. They employed four hundred 
hands in the rolling-mill and nail factory. 

A foundry was also built, on Second and Erie 
Streets, by the Cainden Rolling-Mill Company 
for the manufacture of cast-iron pipe, and thirty 
moulders were employed in the foundry. The 
company operated the foundry until 1869, when it 
was bought by Jes>e W. Starr & Son. The roll- 
ing-mill, nail-works and foundry have been out of 
blast since 1870; a portion of the land occupied by 
them was bought and dwellings erected thereon. 

The first cobble pavement was laid in 1851 be- 
tween Market and Arch. There are now (1S8G) 22 
miles of cobble pavement; -ijW miles of rubble pave- 
ment; 2xVii miles of asphalt pavement; 1%% miles 
of Belgian blocks pavement; ,Vu- miles of Telford 
pavement. 

The first culvert was laid along Federal Street 
in 1864. There was, up to 1886, twenty-eight miles 
of culverting in the ^ity. 

"The Pleasure Railway " in the city of Cam- 
den was built in May 1834. It was a circular 
track on which two miniature cars " were pro- 
pelled by an easy and healthful ap|)lication of 
power in a beautiful grove at Coopers Point." It 
afforded innocent amusement to the youths of that 
day. 

There were no large shoe stores in the early 
days of Camden City. Slioes were made to order, 
and in some cases the shoemaker would take his 
kit of tools to the house of the patron, who furn- 



452 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



iahed the leather, and make up a stock sutHcient 
to hist for months. The leading shoemaker of 
Camden, in 1828, was James Deur, or " Uncle 
Jimmy" as he was called. He resided at Coopers 
Point and was elected lo the first council to repre- 
sent " the village of William Cooper's Ferry," but 
declined to serve. He was a good man, an active 
Methodist and a Jack.son Democrat. 

Pleasure Gardens. — -The memory of the old- 
est inhabitant, recalling the scenes of the tir.-t 
years of the present century, represents the site of 
Camden as very rural in its character. Corn-fields, 
pasture-lands, orchards and woods covered its 
face, and the numerous tidal streams flowing into 
the Delaware afforded excellent sport for anglers, 
and Philadelphians in large numbers, attracted by 
these conditions, made it a resort, and sought the 
shade and pleasure it furnished. The people of 
" Pluck-em-in " (as Camden was sometimes called), 
with an eye to gain, encouraged these visitations 
by establishing gardens, with seats for the weary, 
viands for the hungry and drinks for the thirsty, 
adding to 4;he attractions by providing merry-go- 
rounds, shuffle-boards, nine-pins, swings and other 
means of pleasure and recreation. Every ferry 
had a garden attached to it, and others were to be 
found in the oak and pine groves covering much 
of the land. The Vauxhall Garden was the most 
noted of these in the olden time, on the east .side 
of Fourth Street, between Market and Arch. It 
was first opened by Joseph Laturuo, a Frenchman, 
who ran the steamer "Minette" from Market 
Street for the accommodation of his patrons. This 
was in 1818. The garden was well patronized, but 
Laturno soon left for Washington, taking the 
" Minette" with him. John Johnson succeeded, 
and was in the hey-dey of success when Camden 
was made a city. The first City Council met in 
his house. This garden was a great resort while 
in Johnson's hand.s, and multitudes sought its 
shades, the amusements it afforded and the ice- 
cream and the rum toddies it suppliel. The 
latter were sometimes too strong for weak heads 
and at times brawls, fights and even riots resulted 
from too free indulgence. .lohnson was succeeded 
by a German named Geyer, wiio was noted for 
his fondness for crows, which he shot and cooked 
in a way of his own. This penchant for the sable 
croakers led a number of young men to go with a 
wagon one night to the crow-roost or rookery in 
the woods, near the Catholic Cemetery, in Stock- 
ton township, where they secured a large number, 
and in the morning dumped them before Geyer's 
door, who, whether pleased or not, had the discre- 
tion to ap.pear i>leased, and requested a repetition 



of the favor. With Geyer's departure, in 1835, 
Vauxhall ceased to be a i>ublic resort. 

The Columbia Garden was started in 1824 by 
Sebastian Himel, the baker, in the grove between 
Market and Arch, above Fifth Street. On his 
death his brother-in-law, Henry C. Heyle, con- 
ducted it, making sausage in winter and running the 
garden in summer. He lived there but a short time, 
and, in 1828, the liquor license was granted to his 
widow, Elizabeth Heyle, who conducted it for a 
number of years. It came into the possession of 
Gottlieb Zimmerman, well known to many of the 
present generation. He constructed a house in 
the form of an immense puncheon, from which the 
garden was thereafter known as the "Tub." The 
bar was on the ground floor, while, on the second 
floor, large parties enjoyed the pleasures of the 
dance. The outside of this unique building was 
kept in place by great bands of iron, similar to the 
hoops on a barrel. Zimmerman was the last occu- 
pant of the " Tub." 

The Diamond Cottage, situated north of Cooper 
and east of Sixth Street, was opened by Joshua 
Vienson, and was a popular resort for many years. 
Its proprietors after Benson were Gottlieb Zimmer- 
man, Frank Richter and others. It was classed as 
a beer garden in 1875, and has since been the 
meeting-place of the Prohibitionists, who gather in 
large numbers and listen to some of the best 
speakers in the land. It is asserted that near the 
end of the grove, at Cojper Street, was the burial- 
place of many dead victims of the yellow fever ep- 
idemic which visited Philadelphia in 1793, the 
bodies being brought over the river and buried 
there. It was also the burial-place of unknown 
drowned persons. New Jersey State fair was held 
here in 1855. 

The Woodland Garden, along the Camden and 
Amboy Railroad, northeast of Haddon Avenue, 
was opened by Joseph Maurer in 1857. This was 
part of the Carman grove of oaks that formerly 
covered a large space of the centre of the city. 
It was popular in its time, and when Maurer died 
others succeeded him, but improvements en- 
croac-hed upon the grove, and the trees have been 
supplanted by brick houses. 

The Cave was an excavation in the bank facing 
the meadows on Coopers Creek, south of Federal 
Street, and was opened in 1855 by August Sand- 
man and William Helmuth, whose drinking-places 
were clo.sed on Sundays by the vigilance of Mayor 
Samuel Scull. It was not a garden, for there wjis 
no shade, except that furnished by canvas, but it 
was outside the city limits, and tlierefcire beyond 
the mayor's juri-idiction, and to it the thirsty hied 



THH CITY OV CAMDEN. 



453 



oil Sunday in large numbers. The Cave maiu- 
t.ained its existence for several years, but few now 
living remember it. 

Coopers Ferry Garden, situated on the north 
side of Cooper Street, west of Front, was a noted 
resort and was started by Joseph and Israel Eng- 
lish, father and son, when they had charge of the 
ferry. The house was the one built by VV^illiam 
Cooper in 1769, and removed in 1883, the site being 
wanted for improvements. 

English's Garden w;is on the south side of Market 
Street, below Front, and was first opened by 
Benjamin Springer in 1818, and continued until 
several years after the West Jersey Hotel was 
opened by Israel English, in 1849. It was called 
Springer's Garden while he controlled it. 

The Round House, as the garden at the Federal 
Street Ferry was called, because of the circular 
two-story brick house, built by Jacob Ridgway, 
was started by him in 1832. It was south of Fed- 
eral Street, the Fulmer building occupying part 
of the site. The large willows, planted by Ridg- 
way's orders, were cut down a few years ago. 

Toole's Garden, at Kaighns Point, was south 
and east of the hotel at Front Street and Kaighn 
Avenue. There was a small garden attached to 
the hotel below the ferry and both places had 
many visitors. Dr. L. F. Fisler says : " Kaighns 
Point at that day was a place of great resort for 
the citizens of Philadelphia during the summer 
season. It is said that Captain Watmough, of the 
Washington Guards, and Captain James Page, of 
the State F'encibles, often visited this cool and 
shady retreat, accompanied by Frank Johnson's 
renowned Black Band. Then the music consisted 
of national and patriotic airs and marches, instead 
of so much of the spiritless pieces of the present 
day." 

There was a garden at the Coopers Poiut Ferry, 
and, in fact, every ferry had a garden, excc])! that 
on the upper side of Market Street. 

" Sausage Weavisg " was quite an industry 
in Camden two and three generations ago, and 
farther back than that in all probability, but it is 
one of those trades of which no public record is 
made and hence dependence for information re- 
garding it falls upon the memory of the living. 
Among the oldest living of those who in times 
piist regaled the taste of Philadelphia epicures 
with the well-seasoned, linked-up result of finely- 
chopped corn-fed pork, named Jersey sausage, was 
Joseph Sharp, of 830 South Fifth Street, where, 
about 1835, he built his house with all the essen- 
tial appliances for successful trade. He had car- 
ried on for nearly ten years before in the upper 



part of Philadelphia and found his patrons in the 
Spring Garden Jlarkel. 

William Sharp, a brother, started a few years 
later, and was quite successful, amassing a compe- 
tence which he is now enjoying. His establish- 
ment during the last years of his active business 
life was on Kaighn Avenue and his market was 
on Shippen Street. Early in the present century 
David Read, grandfather of Joseph J. and Edmund 
E. Read, of Camden, did a large business at sau- 
sage weaving at his residence on Arch Street, be- 
low Third. 

James McGouigle carried on in the " twenties," 
at Fourth Street and Taylor's Avenue, and made 
money. 

Peter Bender began sausage weaving in 1826, 
on Arch Street, but removed to Coopers Hill. He 
died in 18">8. 

Thomas McDowell's factory Wiis at Xo. 825 
South F^iftli and his brother Isaac was on Third 
Street, near Arch. They stood on Market Street, 
between Front and Second Streets, Philadelphia, 
called the Jersey Market, because so many of the 
stalls were rented by Jerseymen. It was here 
Samuel Scull, once mayor, once Assemblyman and 
often Councilman, sold his sausage and Jersey 
cured hams from his establishment on Kaighn 
Avenue, near Locust. 

The earliest sausage weaver, of which tradition 
gives notice, was Edward Daugherty, who was one 
of the first Councilmen of the new city, and who 
long before there was an established church 
in Camden, he a Methodist, with Edward Sharp, 
a Presbyterian, established a Sunday-school in the 
old Camden Academy. Edward Daugherty was re- 
garded as one of the best men in the town and was 
noted for his integrity in business, in which he 
secured competence, if not great wealth. He began 
business on Federal Street, above Fourth, after- 
wards building on the northwest corner of Third 
and Bridge Avenue. He, too, "stood" in the 
" Jersey Market," and, like many of his fellurt-- 
craftsmen, could be seen early on market mornings 
trundlinga wheelbarrow, load with piles of sausage, 
on his way to the ferry aud to the " Jersey Mar- 
ket." 

It was in this market that Reiley Barrett, a local 
preacher, politician, shoemaker, city treasurer 
and member of Assembly, sold his linked wares 
for a time, and for many years he dispensed his 
sausage hot, with coffee and rolls, to his hungry 
fellow- Jersey men. 

There w'cre others in the trade in the earlier 
years of the century, among them William J. 
Hawk, on Kaighu Avenue, and Andrew Jenkins^ 



454 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JilRSEY. 



and all who did not waste, saved money, as for 
long years the rejiutation of "Jersey Sausage" 
was such that the demand was equal to the sup- 
ply and the price equal to the reputation. In ad- 
dition to her duties as proprietress of the Columbia 
Garden, Elizabeth Heyle did an extensive busi- 
ness in the winter season in sausage-making, as 
did her husband, Henry Heyle, many years before 
his death, in 1825. 



CHAPTER IV. 

BANKS AND BANKING. 

The First Bank in New Jersey— State and National Laws Governing 
the Banking System— The National State Bank of Camden— The 
Farmers and Mechanics Bank— The First National Bank— The 
Camden Safe Deposit Company — The Camden National Bank. 

The First Bank in New jERSEY.^The busi- 
ness of banking in the State of New Jersey origi- 
nated within the present limits of Camden County, 
in the year 1682, and its founder was Mark Newbie, 
one of the guiding spirits of the Newton colony, 
who located near the middle branch of Newton 
Creek with the first settlers in 1081. He was a 
man of considerable estate, and although he lived 
but a short time after his arrival in America, he 
became the owner of several large tracts of land. 
In May, 1682, the Legislature of New Jersey, by 
the passage of the following act, created Mark 
Newbie the first banker in the province : 

" For the convenient Payment of small sums, be it enacted that 
Mark Newbie's half-pence, from and after the Eighteenth instant, 
pass for half-pence current pay of the province, provided he, the 
said Mark Newbie, give sufficient security to the Speaker of the 
House for the use of the General Assembly from time to time, that 
he, the said QIark Newbie, his Executors and administrators, shall 
and will change the said half-pence for pay equivalent upon de- 
mand; and provided also that no person or persons be hereby obliged 
to take more than hve shillings in one payment." 

Mark Newbie's bank had a short but interesting 
history. He gave as security to the province, as re- 
quired by the act, a tract of three hundred acres 
of land in Newton township, and conveyed it to 
Samuel Jennings and Thomas Budd as commis- 
sioners. 

The half-penny, used as the circulating medium 
by this pioneer banker, was a copper piece of 
mouey coined by the Roman Catholics after the 
massacre of 1641, in Ireland, and was known as 
" St. Patrick's half-penny." It had the words 
"Floreat Rex" on the obverse, and " Ecce Re.\" 
on the reverse. These coins were made in Ireland, 
under the authority of the law — probably only to 



commemorate some event — but never obtained 
circulation in that country. Through the rare 
foresight of Mark Newbie, a large number of them 
was brought to West New Jersey, and made to 
answer the wants of the first settlers for several 
years as a medium of exchange under the author- 
ity of the legislative enactment given above. These 
coins are now very rare, and found only in the 
cabinets of numismatists. It is not to be supposed 
that Mark Newbie had authority to make these 
coins in his small habitation in the new country, 
but he was careful to keep the amount circulated 
within proper bounds with the supply he brought 
with him. Part of his property was pledged to 
make good any short-coming. The founder of this 
financial institution died in 1683, and his bank, at 
some unknown period, soon after ceased to circu- 
late its coins. 

State and National Laws Governing the 
Banking System. — The Legislature of New Jer- 
sey established English shillings and New Eng- 
land shillings before 1682, and in 1693 did the 
same thing in relation to Spanish coins, which 
came into circulation. For many years after the 
first settlement in New Jersey there was much 
trouble concerning the standard value of various 
coins whose circulation was authorized by the 
dift'ercnt provinces. The first half-penny was 
issued in New Jersey in 1709. 

Early in the history of the present century 
statutes of the different States allowed banks to be 
established for the issue of notes payable in specie 
on demand. These banks were established by acts 
of the local Legislature, which limited the liability 
of the shareholders. Banking then was quite free, 
and all individuals could carry it on, provided they 
pursued the requirements of the law. But under 
this system there svas great fluctuation in value, 
which frequently produced bankruptcy and ruin. 
Between 1811 and 1820 a number of banks went 
out of business. The inflation of the bank-notes 
was wonderful between 1830 and 1837. But just 
as the amount had increased, it decreased corre- 
spondingly during the following six years, till 1843, 
and this caused the ruin of many financial institu- 
tions. Among them was the Bank of the LTnited 
States, the renewal of whose charter had been de- 
nied by President Jackson. 

The loss in the value of stocks and property of 
all kinds was enormous. But, great as it was, it 
was trifling compared with the injury which re- 
sulted to society in disturbing the elements of 
social order, and in causing the utter demoraliza- 
tion of men by the irresistible temptation to spec- 
ulation which it afforded, and by swindling to re- 




^^ ^?./^yLr- 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



455 



tain riches dishonestly obtained, .\nother crash 
took place in 1857. 

At the bcginuiug of the war the paper money in 
circulation amounted to two hundred million dol- 
lars, of which three-fourths had been issued in the 
Northern States, and the coin amounted to two 
hundred and seventy-five million dollars. The 
early necessities of the national treasury in this 
trying period compelled the government to borrow 
money, and in this behalf, in February, 1802, 
Congress authorized the issue of Treasury notes 
amounting to one hundred and fifty million dol- 
lars, and declared them to be legal tender except 
for customs duties and for interest on the national 
debt. This action was taken after a full, if not a 
bitter, discussion of the question. Its constitu- 
tionality was contested vigorously, but unsuccess- 
fully. 

A premium on gold naturally followed, causing 
it to be drawn entirely from circulation, and this 
increased as the Treasury notes multiplied. Then 
the national banking system was introduced to 
supply a circulating medium. This was created on 
February 25, 1863, and amended June 3, lSt)4, 
whereby a Buresrii and Comptroller of Currency 
were appointed in the Treasury Department, with 
power to authorize banking associations, under 
certain provisions, for public security. The exist- 
ing State banks were rapidly transformed into 
national banks under this system, and their pre- 
vious notes were withdrawn from circulation. The 
currency of the country in this manner came to 
consist of Treasury demand notes, which, in 1865, 
amounted to four hundred and fifty million dol- 
lars, and of national bank notes, which approached 
the limit of three hundred million dollars. The 
latter circulated as freely as the former, because 
their ultimate redemption was assured by the de- 
posit of an adequate amount in United States 
bonds at the national treasury. This system was 
found superior in the protection against loss 
which it atibrded, but it could not prevent a finan- 
cial crisis from sweeping over the country, espe- 
cially when other causes, such as excessive manu- 
factures and enormous losses from fire, contributed 
greatly towards the result. 

Congress also authorized small notes for five, 
twenty-five and fifty cents to be issued for the pur- 
pose of supplying the loss of the small denomina- 
tions of coin money from circulation. This was 
commonly known as "currency." It was all re- 
deemed after the war. 

During this period merchants at Camden, as 
well as other towns and cities, issued and circu- 
lated for a time their own fractional demand notes 



for the purpose of encouraging trade amongst one 
another. But it was gradually redeemed as the 
national currency was supplied. 

The National State Bank of Camden.— 
When Camden was but a small village, and at a pe- 
riod in our national historj' when the minds of the 
majority of American jieople were turned toward the 
conflict of arms about to open between the United 
States and Great Britain, and when the financial 
affairs of our country required the utmost care in 
their management, the Legislature of New Jersey, 
by an act approved January 28, 1812, authorized 
the establishment of State Banks at Camden, 
Trenton, New Brunswick, Elizabeth, Newark and 
Morris. 

The Bank of Camden was created a corporation, 
under the name of " The President, Directors and 
Company of the State Bank at Camden," to con- 
tinue twenty years from the first Monday in Feb- 
ruary, 1812. 

The capital stock was divided into sixteen thou- 
sand shares of fifty dollars each, making eight 
hundred thousand dollars, of which the State of 
New Jersey reserved the privilege of subscribing 
to one-half. Joseph Cooper, Joseph Rogers, Azel 
Pierson, John Coulter and Joseph Sloan were ap- 
pointed commissioners to receive subscriptions to 
the stock. Books of subscription were accordingly 
opened and eight thousand shares of fifty dollars 
each were subscribed for, making a capital of four 
hundred thousand dollars. Wm. Russell, Henry 
Chew, Richard M. Cooper, Thomas Jones, Jr., 
James Matlack, Joseph Mcllvain, Jacob Glover, 
Robert Newell, Samuel C. Champion, Maurice 
Wurts, John Coulter, John Warner, James Sloan, 
John Rogers and Thomas Wright were appointed 
directors by the said act of incorporation. Wm. 
Rossell was elected president and Richard M. 
Cooper appointed cashier. The business of bank- 
ing commenced on the 16th day of June, 1812. 

The following is a copy of an advertisement of 
this institution at the date given, being a short 
time after the opening of the bank for business: 

"STATE BANK. 

"Camden, N. J. 

" Notice having been given that the State Bank of Camden has 
been opened for the transaction of business, on the 15th instant. 

" The directors' days are Wednesday and Saturday of every weelt. 
Notes intended for discount for the accommodation of citizens of 
New Jersey, must be presented at the Banlving House on Tuesday 
or Friday at or before 2 o'clock p.m. of each discount day ; all 
notes designed to be discounted must bo made payable at the State 
Bank of Camden, agreeably to the following form : 

Dollars 

daifs after daU ', promise to 

pay to the order of at the State 

liank of Camden 'tollai-s wUliout dit- 

count or defalcation for valtie received. 



456 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



"The lioin-H for the transaction of liusineBS will l>e from ten o'clock 
A.M. to four o'clock r.M. every day in the week (Sundays ex- 
cepted). NoteH inteniierl for diiicount for the accommodation of 
citizens of Philadelphia may Ije sent to the banking house or 
left at No. 34 Chnrch Alley, where a box is provided for the re- 
ception of the same, provided they are left at or before 2 o'clock 
of each di3tu)niit day. .\ppliaiuts for discounts residing in Phil- 
adelphia will receive answers in i#riting at their respect ive places 
of business on tlie day following each discount day before 1 
o'clock P.M. 

" By order of the board of directors. 

*' KiciiAHD M. Cooper, CanhU'r. 
"Camden, .June 11, 181'^." 

On the 19th of February, 1813, the right of the 
State to subscribe to one-half the stock was trans- 
ferred by act of Assembly to John Moore White 
and others. Subscriptions were accordingly re- 
ceived to the amount of two hundred thousand 
dollars, thus raising the capital to six hundred 
tliousand dollars. The remaining four thousand 
shares were taken by the banks. By an act passed 
February 15, 1813, the number of directors was 
fixed at twenty-one. 

On the 4th of October, 1822, a committee was 
appointed by the directors to petition the Legisla- 
ture for a reduction of the capital of the bank, on 
the ground that the paid-in capital (six hundred 
thousand dollars) was more than could be profita- 
bly employed in the business of the bank, the 
State tax thereon being burdensome and oppressive 
to the stockholders. The petition was met by an 
act empowering the stockholders to determine (at 
■8, general meeting to be convened according to the 
charter) the expediency of the proposed reduc- 
tion. This meeting was called on the 7th day of 
April, 1823, and it was unanimously resolved by 
the stockholders that the capital stock should be 
reduced to three hundred thousand dollars, and 
that the shares owned by the bank should be ex- 
tinguished and never reissued, and that after the 
ist day of October, 1823, the number of directors 
to be chosen should be thirteen instead of twenty- 
one. 

The Legislature, by an act passed February 19, 
1829, extended the act ineorjmrating " The Presi- 
dent, Directors and Company of the State Bank of 
'Camden" until the first Monday in February, 
A.D. 1852. By a subsequent act, the capital stock 
was reduced to two hundred and sixty thousand 
dollars, and by an act of the Legislature, approved 
January 2(ith A. D. 1849, the act incorporating 
" The President, Directors and Company of the 
State Bank of Camden " was further extended and 
continued for twenty years from the expiration of 
its existing charter. 

With varied but continuing success this institu- 
tion maintained its sphere of usofulnes.s up to the 



period of its becoming a National Bank in place 
of a State Bank, always supporting a character for 
fair dealing and ever exerting itself to benefit the 
community in which its business is conducted. 

The Congress of the United States having 
passed an act entitled " An Act to provide a 
National Currency, secured by a pledge of the 
United States bonds, and to provide for the circu- 
lation and redemption thereof," approved February 
25, 1863, and the State of New Jersey having passed 
an act entitled "An Act to enable the banks of the 
State to become asssociations for the purpose of 
banking under the laws of the United States," 
the subject of converting this institution into a 
national banking association under said national 
act was brought before the board of directors, then 
composed of John Gill, Joseph W. Cooper, Samuel 
R. Lippincott, Jonathan J.Spencer, Chas. Reeves, 
Thomas W. Davis, Israel W. Heulings, Joshua 
Lippincott. John D. Tustin, James W. Riddle, 
John H. Stokes, Ephraim Tomlinson and Joseph 
Trimble. 

The signatures of stockholders representing four 
thousand seven hundred and two shares of stock, 
equal to two hundred and thirty-five thousand one 
hundred dollars of the capital, having been oh- • 
tained at various dates, from April 22d to May 6, 
1865, a special meeting of the directors was held on 
the 9th day of May, 1865, when the " articles of 
association organization certificate" and "certifi- 
cate to the Secretary of State of New Jersey " were 
duly executed, and on the 16th day of May, 1865, 
a majority of the directors were installed, and 
elected John Gill president and Jesse Townsend 
cashier, of the National Bank, and executed the 
" certificate of officers and directors." 

On the 2d day of June the comptroller of the 
currency issued to the bank his certificate of au- 
thority to commence the business of banking under 
the national law, since which time it has had a 
very successful and prosperous history, being recog- 
nized as one of the most substantial financial insti- 
tutions in the State of New Jersey. 

The bank was started in a small frame building 
on the site of the present large, commodious and 
conveniently arranged brick bankiugbuilding, dur- 
ing the erection of which the business was con- 
ducted in a dwelling-house at the southeast corner 
of Second and Cooper Streets. In 1875 the build- 
ing was remodeled and enlarged to its present size 
at a cost of thirty thousand dollars, including a 
large vault, for which nine thousand dollars were 
paid. 

The fiJlowing is a complete list of the officers of 
this bank, with their terms of service and the names 






^i/i^i^- 



U.6L^ 



■Jm^^^^ 




\ 



<2/^^^^^ 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



457 



of all of the directors with the dates of their elec- 
tion : 

PBESIDENTS. 

Williaro Russell, June 10, 1812, to November 17, 1812. 
James Sloan, November 17, 1812, to November 9, 181.i. 
Rklinrtl M. Cooper, November 9, 1813, to November 8, 1842. 
John Gill, November 8, 1842, lo December 4, 1884. 
iHrael Ueulings, January 15, 1884. 

C.4S1I1F.BB. 

Richard .M. Cooper, June IG, 1812, to November 9, 1813. 
William HillegaB, November 9, 1813, to June 8, 1827. 
Bi.bcrt W. Ogden, June 8, 1827, to April V>, 1843. 
Auley SIcAlla, May 2, 1843, to April 11, 1850. 
Thoroaa Ackley, April 2, 1856, to April Hi, 18C3. 
JeBSe Townseuil, April 27, 1803, to July 3, 1871. 
iBiiae C. Slartimlale, July 3, 1871, to February, 1885. 
Wilbur V. Rose, February 2, 1885. 

DIRECTORS. 



The following-named persons compose the 
board of directors of this institution for the rear 
ISSC: 



l.-il7. 
1818. 
1820, 
1821, 



Williiini Russell. 
Ileury Chew. 
Richard M. Cooper. 
Thontas Jones, Jr. 
James Matlack. 
Joseph McIIvaiu. 
.Jacob Glover.* 
Kobert Newell. 
Samuel C. Champion. 
Manrice Wurla. 
John Coulter. 
John Warner. 
James Sloan. 
.Tohn Rogers. 
Thomas Wright. 
William Newbold. 
John Buck. 
Samuel Spackmau. 
"William Brown. 
Joseph Rodgers. 
E. Smith. 
William Flinthian. 

William Potts. 
Samuel Whitall. 
Clement Acton. 
James B. Caldwell. 
Joseph Falkenbarge. 

H. F. Uollinshead. 
L Humphreys. 
Matlack. 
IS Newbold. 
nin B. Howell. 

Joshua Longstreth. 

Benjamin Masden. 
William Jlilner. 

Samuel W. Harrison. 

Isaac Wilkins. 

Michael C. Fisher. 

Isaac C. Jones. 

Thomas Fa.«sett. 

Joseph Lee. 

Joseph C. Swett. 

il. F. HoUingshead. 

Sanmel L Howell. 

John Stoddart. 

Isaac Heulings. 

John Gill. 

Joseph Ogden. 

Bowman Hendry. 

Samuel C. Champion. 

James Saondei-s. 

Joshua Lippiticott. 



James 



Benja 



1822. James Kitchen. 

1824. Nathaniel Potts. 

1825. Joseph W. Cooper. 
1828. Thomas Dallett. 

Charles Stokes. 

1830. John Bnck. 

1831. Batian Cooper. 

1832. Elijah Dallett, Jr. 
Isaac Lawrence. 

18:i3. .Tames Lefevre. 
James Good. 

1834. Benjamin Jones. 

1835. John O. Boyd. 
1837. John R. Perry. 

1840. John N. Taylor. 

1841. Robert K. Matlock. 

1842. Samuel R. Lippincolt, 

1843. Joseph Porter. 
Richard Fetters. 
Cliarles C. Slratton. 
Gillies Dallett. 

1846. Jonathan J. Spencer, J 
Charles Reeves. 

1847. John M. Kaighn. 
1849. Samuel H. Jones. 

1853. William P. Lawrence 

1854. Daniel B. Cunmiins. 

1855. Richard Jones. 

1857. Israel W. Heulings. 

1858. Thomas W. Davis. 
James W. Riddle. 
John D. Tustin. 

1801. Ephraim Tomlinson. 
1SC3. Joseph Trimble. 

John H. Stokes. 
1806. William E. Lafferty. 

Edward Beltle. 
1868. Charles Haines. 

1870. Joel P. Kirkbride. 

1871. William Stiles. 

1872. William H. Gill. 

1873. Joshua W. Lipi)i 

1874. Benjamin F. Archer. 
John S. Bispham. 
Emmor Roberts. 

1876. Alden C. Scovel. 

William Watson. 
1879. Heulings I.ippincott. 
1882. Edward Dudley. 
1886. Simeon J. Ringol. 

John Gill. 

John T. B<.ttondov. 



!Ott. 



Enimor Roberts. 
William Watson. 
Htnilings Lippincott. 
Edward Dudley. 
John Gill. 
John T. Bottomley. 



Israel W. Heulings. 
Thomas W. Davis. 
Edward Betlle. 
Joel P. Kirkbride. 
Joslina W. Lippincott. 
Benjamin F. .\rcher. 
John S. Bispham. 

The following is the present clerical force : 

Edward C. Wclstcr Paying Teller at Bank 

Goldson Test Paying Teller at Philadeli.hia Office 

■ N. F. Cowan Receiving Teller at Bank 

William Bradway Receiving Teller at Philadelphia Office 

A. J. String Note Clerk 

Joseph B. Johnson General Book-keeper 

A. B. Porter Discount Clerk 

John T. Frazee Assistant Receiving Teller 

II. M. Heulings Book-keeper 

Alonzo Wood " 

H. B. Lippincott " 

D. J. Du Bois " 

William O. Wolcott General Assistant 

B. C. Markley Corresponding Clerk 

A. D. Ambruster General Assistant 

Joseph H. Shinn Runner 

D. M. Davis, M.D Trust Officer 

James R. Caldwell Notary 

The following is the report of the condition of 
the National State Bank of Camden, N. J., at the 
close of business October 7, 1886: 

Jtesonrcfs : 

Loans and Discounts and Real Estate $1,924,611.93 

United states Bonds to secure Circulation 260,000.00 

Due from other National Banks 106,074.57 

Current Expenses and Taxes paid .371.35 

Cash Kesene 348,575.00 



LicdtilU' 

Capital Stock 

Surplus and tJndivided Profits... 
Circulation 



!, 699, 032. 85 



$260,000.00 

312,901.47 

2-34,000.00 

Deposits 1,892,071.38 

$2,690,032.86 
W. F. Rose, Cmhitr. 

Richard M.a,tlack Cooper, banker, legislator 
and judge, was born in the village of Coopers Fer- 
ries (now Camden ), Old Gloucester County, Febm- 
ary 29, 1768. He derived his descent, in the fifth 
and sixth degrees, from the families of Cooper, of 
Pyne Point, Medcalf, of Gloucester, West, of 
Philadelphia, Parsons, of Frankford, Matlack, of 
Waterford, Hancock, of Pensaukin, Wood, of 
Waterford, and Kay, of Newton. The emigrant 
ancestors of these families were, without excep- 
tion, all disciples of Fox, fellow-adventurers with 
Penn, and settled and established themselves in 
West Jersey and Pennsylvania, in the last quarter 
of the seventeenth century. 

Judge Cooper was liberally educated and inher- 
ited a large landed estate. On May 4, 1798, he 



458 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



married Mary Cooper, the daughter of Samuel and 
Prudence (Brown) Cooper, of Coopers Point, thus 
uniting the older and younger branches of the 
family. His social position, wealth and high per- 
sonal character brought him early into the politi- 
cal field, and he was a successful candidate in sev- 
eral elections for the Legislative Council of New 
Jersey. He sat many terms in the State General 
Assembly, and was also elected State Senator. In 
1813 he became president of the State Bank at Cam- 
den, then recently chartered, and held that position, 
by continuous annual elections, until a re-election 
was declined by him in 1842, — the institution, mean- 
while, proving itself one of the most prosperous in 
the State. In 1829 he was sent as representative to 
the National Congress, and he again filled that 
high position in 1831. For many years he served 
as presiding judge of the Gloucester County 
courts, and at various times filled other minor 
local positions of trust and honor, securing, in 
every station, the confidence of all cla.sses by his 
good judgment, integrity and amiable deportment. 
He was a member of the Newton Meeting of 
Friends. He died March 10, 1844. 

John Gill was the son of John and Anne 
(Smith) Gill, both of whom could trace their line- 
age to the first English settlers in the province, 
and some of whom were leading and influential 
citizens. He was born July 9, 1795. Reared on 
the homestead plantation as a farmer and fond of 
his occupation, he was always seeking for improve- 
ment in the means to increase the yield of the soil 
and lessen labor by the application of machinery. 

"The earth always responds to the liberality of 
the husbandman is a maxim that can be relied 
upon," he would often repeat. In his younger 
days, and when the primitive forests extended 
quite from the ocean to the river, he was fond of 
hunting deer and chasing foxes. Being a good 
horseman and generally well mounted, he was but 
seldom " thrown out " and went home without see- 
ing the close. The Gloucester Hunting Club gave 
him and his associates opportunity to show their 
prowess and knowledge of woodcraft, and they 
often led the city gentlemen where the latter hesi- 
tated to follow. 

The advantage of the country riders over the 
members of the club was, that they knew the lay 
of the country, the courses of the streams and the 
outcome of the woods roads, which saved their 
horses in the chase and kept them near the 
hounds. Sometimes the fix would " go away " in 
a straight line lor many miles, gradually shaking 
off' his pursuers until only the toughest dogs and 
best horses would be left on the trail, and when 



sundown would force a return which went far into 
the night. Many of those events John Gill would 
recount when surrounded by his friends, and tell 
of his own mishaps as well as of those who ven- 
tured but the once in this manly sport. 

John Gill lived in one of the most interesting 
and progressive eras of his native State. His early 
manhood was before agriculture or internal im- 
provements had received much attention. If an 
individual had stepped out of the beaten track or 
adopted any new line of thought, which, when ap- 
plied, might prove advantageous, he was regarded 
as visionary. The use of fertilizers and the appli- 
cation of steam grew up under his notice, and 
both developed into mighty powers before he died. 
He never tired of comparing the condition of 
the country and people of early times with the 
improvement and benefits to both at this day 
Occasionally public enterprise outstripped his 
judgment ; yet, when convinced of its feasibility, 
he would frankly acknowledge his error of 
opinion and concede the merit where it was due. 

Although nota politician, he took an interest in 
the affairs of the State and nation, and at different 
times represented the people in the State Legis- 
lature. Upon the death of his father, in 1839, he 
removed from his plantation to Haddonfield, 
where he lived the remainder of his life. 

In 1842 he was elected president of the State 
Bank at Camden, an institution he lived to see 
take its place among the first in the country. He 
was always regarded as the friend of the small bor- 
rower, especially if he be a farmer and needed a.s- 
sistance until his crops could be harvested. 

To the manners of a gentleman was united a 
sympathetic heart, thus insuring to those who had 
business with him a readiness to render them any 
service which was in his jwwer. A reliable friend, 
a thorough business man, an influential citizen and 
a person of enlarged and benevolent views, he was 
beloved and respected wherever known. He re- 
mained at the head of the bank until the infirmi- 
ties of age prevented his attendance upon the 
dutiesof president, and much longer, through the 
persuasion of his friends, than he deemed proper 
he should fill so responsible a place. The com])li- 
mentary resolutions passed by the board of direc- 
tors of the bank, upon his retirement, which were 
engrossed and presented to him, show the regard 
his associates bore towards him and his extended 
usefulne-s in that institution. In his old age he 
suffered much from a complication of diseases and 
died December 4, 1884. 

Mr. Gill was married to Sarah Hopkins, of Had- 
donliclil. They had four children,— Rebecca M., 




<^ 




,::7?-^'^-T^i.^a^ °ii^^-p-^-£^t^^fZ 



TllK CITY OF CAMDEN. 



459 



who became the wife of Samuel S. Willits ; Anna 
S. ; John Gill, Jr., who has always resided on the 
homestead farm and is a director in the National 
State Bank of Camden, and William II. (till, a 
merchant in Philadelphia. 

Israel \V. Heulings, president of the National 
State Bank, has long been identified with the in- 
stitution, and is widely known in the business 
circles of Camden City and County, though he is 
a resident of Burlington County. The family is 
one of the oldest in West Jersey. His ancestors 
were from England, and his great-grandfather, 
William Heulings, with three brothers, were the 
first representatives of the family in this county. 
All located within or near the boundaries of what 
is now Burlington County. William's son Abra- 
ham had a son Isaac, who was the father of our 
subject. He married Susan W. Woodward, and 
from this union Israel W. was born in Chester 
tow nship, Burlington County, December 24, 1810. 

The youth and early manhood of Israel W. 
Heulings were spent upon the farm which was 
the family-homestead, and after the death of his 
parents, when he was thirty-two years of age, he 
leaving the farm to his brother, removed to 
Moorestown, and there engaged in the coal and 
lumber business, which he tbllowed until its trans- 
fer to his sons. 

His first identification with the bank of which 
he is now the head came about in 1842, when he 
took the stock which his father had formerly 
owned. He was made a director in 1847, and 
elected president on January 15, 1884, his asso- 
ciates being convinced through long acquaintance 
of his eminent fitness for that responsible position. 
He has ever been regarded as a careful, conserva- 
tive, thorough man of business, possessing absolute 
integrity. 

In politics he is and has always been a Republi- 
can, and, although not an office-seeker, the people 
of his party in Burlington County, in recognition 
of his pure character, sound common sense and 
business sagacity, during the war period elected 
him to the Legislature. He served with entire 
satisfaction to his constituents and credit to him- 
self through the sessions of 1863, 'G4 and '(Hj. 

Mr. Heulings, although a religious man, is not 
a member of any church. His mother was a mem- 
ber of the Society of Friends, and his father of the 
Episcopal Church, and it may, perhaps, not be 
amiss to say that the son's religious views contain 
something of the characteristics of each of these 
bodies, while not conforming to either. 

Mr. Heulings was married, November 10, ls;i(;, 
to Sarah M., daughter of William and Sarah 



Hornor, born in Pemberton, N. J., in 1814. Six 
children have been born to them, of whom five 
are living. Susan W. was the eldest, and next, in 
the order named, were three sons, — William H., 
Albert C. and Isaac W.. the last named of whom 
was for several years a practitioner of medicine at 
Haddonfield, before engaging with his brothers in 
the coal and lumber business which their father 
transferred to them, and of which the headquarters 
are at Moorestown, Riverton and Hartford. Emily 
J., youngest daughter of Israel W. and Sarah M. 
Heulings, is the wife of Dr. William Chamberlain, 
of Mount Holly, and Henry C. died in infancy. 

Joseph W. Cooper, who served nearly half a 
century as one of the directors of the State Bank, 
was born in the Cooper mansion, at the fout of 
State Street, Camden, in the year 1799, and died 
October 2, 1871. He was the second son of Wil- 
liam and Rebecca (Wills) Cooper. Before he 
became of age he w-ent to live with his great- 
uncle, Joseph Cooper, then residing in the old 
Cooper mansion built in 1734. and now standing 
at the corner of Point and Erie Streets. He 
assisted his uncle to attend to the duties of the 
farm, which is now covered by much of the at- 
tractively built-up portion of North Camden. In 
the year 1818, at the death of his uncle, who had 
no children, Joseph W. Cooper became chief heir 
to his large estate, including the valuable lands 
near the Coopers Point Ferry, north of the Cam- 
den and Atlantic Railroad and west of Sixth 
Street, and a part of the original survey to Wil- 
liam Cooper, the emigrant, in 1680. He con- 
tinued his occupation of a farmer after the death 
of his uncle, was married to Rebecca F. Cham- 
pion, and resided in the house built in 1734 until 
1855, when he erected the elegant mansion on 
State Street, now owned and occupied by his son, 
Samuel C. Cooper. In 1849 he became one of the 
principal stockholders of the Coopers Point Ferry, 
and conducted it until 1854, when it was sold to 
the Camden and Atlantic Railroad Company; but 
the next year again became the chief owner of the 
same ferry. In 1856 he formed a stock company 
a nd, with himself as president, managed the ferry 
until the time of his death, in 1871. 

Mr. Cooper was actively interested in the 
municipal affairs of Camden, being elected alder- 
man, by virtue of which he became one of the 
first Councilmen of Camden in 1828, and served 
almost continuously as a member of the City 
Ciouncil for twenty years. He was for a lime 
l)resident of the Camden and Atlantic Railroad 
and served many years as a director. During the 
vears 1836-37-38 he was a member of the Legislature 



460 



IIISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



of New Jersey. He was elected a director of the 
State Bank of Camden in 1825, and served con- 
tinuously until the time of his death, in 1871. 
Mr. Cooper possessed many sterling quiilities of 
mind and heart, and was universally respected and 
esteemed by the community in which he resided. 

Joshua Lippiscott, who, for many years was 
one of the prominent directors of the National 
State Bank of Camden, is a lineal descendant 
of Richard Lippincott, the founder of the Lip- 
pincott family in America. Samuel Lippincott, 
the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was 
a prosperous farmer and a native of Chester town- 
ship, Burlington County, New Jersey. He was mar- 
ried to Priacilla Briaut, by whom he had thirteen 
children ; of this number, six sons lived to an ad- 
vanced age. Joshua Lijjpincott, the eldest of these 
sons, w;is born on the ISlh of March, 177G, and 
became a prosperous farmer, owning and cul- 
tivating with great succe.'is the farm previously the 
property of his paternal ancestors. He gave up 
this occupation while yet in middle life and removed 
to the city of Philadelphia, where he spent the 
remainder of his life in retirement and died, in 
1855, at tlie advanced age of seventy-nine years. 
By his marriage with Mary Roberts, of Burlington 
County, he had four children, who grew to an adult 
age. Samuel R. Lippincott, the eldest child, suc- 
ceeded in the ownership of the paternal homestead, 
on which he resided until the time of his death, 
at the age of seventy-six ; Hannah, the only daugh- 
ter, died in her seventy-eighth year; George, the 
youngest, came to Philadelphia when eighteen 
years old and engaged in mercantile business until 
his death, in 1861 ; Joshua Lippincott, the second 
son, and the only member of this family who sur- 
vives, was born iu Burlington County Decem- 
ber 4th, 1807. He obtained his education in the 
schools of Westfield, and spent one session at a 
school at Moorestown. After leaving school, and 
when but eighteen years old, he came to Philadel- 
phia, and the four succeeding years was employed 
as a clerk in a grocery store. He then entered into 
copartnership in the dry goods business in the same 
city with his cousin, Samuel Parry, under the firm- 
name of Lippincott & Parry. Their store, for sev- 
enteen years, was on Second Street, above Arch, 
and, at the expiration of that time, was moved to 
the southwest cortier of Market Street and there . 
continued until 1802, the two men being thus 
associated in a successful business for thirty-three 
years, during which long period they never had a 
written agreement with each other. They were 
engaged most of this time in the sale of cloths and 
cassi meres. 



Joshua Lippincott was married, in 1833, to Mar- 
tha H. Sleeper, daughter of Jonathan Sleeper, a 
merchant, then doing business on Second Street, 
Philadelphia. She died about three years after 
their marriage. 

His second marriage was with Elizabeth White, 
daughter of Joseph White, a merchant, on Market 
Street, Philadelphia. She died in 1878. Howard 
W, Lippincott, their only child, was born in 1855, 
and is now a stock-broker in his native city. 

Thomas Wilkins Davis, of Philadelphia, 
and for many years a director in the National 
State Bank of Camden, is a lineal descendant, 
in the fifth generation, of John Davis, who 
emigrated from Wales and first settled on Long 
Island. John Davis was a devoted and consistent 
member of the Society of Friends, to whose reli- 
gious faith most of his numerous descendants in 
this country are adherents. His wife (Dorothea 
Hogbin) was an Englishwoman of large fortune. 
In 1705 they migrated to Salem County, New Jer- 
sey, and settled near the site of Woodstown, 
whence some of their children had located before 
them. At that place he died at the advanced age 
of one hundred years, leaving eight children. 
David Davis, the third son, was ajustice of the 
peace, one of the judges of the courts of Salem 
County for a number of years, and in 1725 was one 
of the four Friends who organized the Pilesgrove 
Meeting. He owned and lived on a large tract of 
land, on which he built a commodious brick house, 
which is still standing. In it he lived until his 
death, at the age of sixty years. His wife (Doro- 
thea Cousins, a native of England) survived him 
to the age of ninety-six years. They had seven 
children, of whom Jacob, born Fourth Month 
22, 1734, was the youngest. He was married. Fifth 
Month 21, 1761, at Woodstown, to Esther VVil. 
kins, by whom he had seven children. He was a 
man of pure and unblemished character and high- 
ly respected in the community in which he lived 
at the time of his death, in 1820, at the age of 
eighty-six years. Thomas Davis, the father of 
Thomas W. Davis and third son of Jacob and Es- 
ther (Wilkins) Davis, was born Third Month 13, 
1768, in Salem County, N. J. In 1796 he wiis 
married to Esther Ogden, daughter of Samuel and 
Mary Ann Ogden, and resided near Swedeaboro', 
Gloucester County. 

The grandfather and father of the present 
Thomas Wilkins Davis kept a general country 
store in the now borough of Woodstown, Salem 
County, the subject of this sketch remaining with 
his father from youth to manhood and having the 
active supervision and control of the business for 



'^i^v. 




t^ 



<:^7c^, C-^^z^^Li^^d^ 



1^ ''''^ 




r^j/^f^-'^-'^' 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



4(il 



several years preceding the retirement of his 
fUther, which took place in 1832. In that year 
Mr. Davis came to Philadelphia and entered the 
dry -goods jobbing trade on Market Street, between 
Second and Third Streets, and so continued with 
varying success, but with the confidence and 
friendship of all the leading merchants up to 18()8, 
at which date, through close application to busi- 
ness, he had acquired a large trade and had become 
file senior partner of the then well-known and 
highly respected house of Davis, Kempton & Co. 
He then withdrew from the firm, altogether retir- 
ing from active business, and devoting his leisure 
and a fair share of his means to the care of friends 
and others whose circumstances rendered such aid 
desirable, in this way disposing of a considerable 
part of the rewards which had come to him for 
years of unremitting labor. 

Mr. Davis was married, in 18.34, to Phoebe S. 
Tovvnsend, daughter of Joseph and Esther Town- 
send, of Baltimore, Md. His married life ex- 
tended over forty-five years, Mrs. Davis dying in 
1879, and having but one son surviving, Henry 
Wilkins Davis, who, in 1875, married Elizabeth (J., 
daughter of William A. and Hannah R. Allen, of 
New York. 

The only financial institution oiher than the 
National State Bank of Camden, with which Mr. 
Davis has been closely identified, is the Penu 
Mutual Life Insurance Company of Philadelphia, 
of which he has been a trustee for upwards of 
twenty- five years. In this capacity he has borne 
an active share of the labors and responsibilities of 
its business and his counsel has at all times been 
influential in aiding its progress and maintaining 
its unquestioned reputation as a sound company. 

Wilbur F. Rose, the present cashier of the 
National State Bank, was born in Tuckerton, 
Burlington County, New Jersey, February 11, 1838. 
At the age of four years he removed to Phila- 
delphia and obtained a preparatory education in 
the schools of that city, and graduated from the 
Central High School. Soon after his graduation 
he entered a broker's office on Third Street, and 
in 18.54 was elected a clerk in the Bank of Penn- 
sylvania, of the same city. In 1862 he was called 
to a position in the National State Bank of Camden. 
By reason of his intelligence, long experience and 
special fitness for the business of banking, he was 
promoted from time to time, until, in recognition 
of his merits and abilty as a financier, he was 
elected cashier of that institution February 2, 
1885, which position he now very ably and ac- 
ceptably fills. 

In addition to his business as a banker he 
55 



has taken an active interest in the growth and 
development of the city of Camden. He repre- 
sented the Second Ward, of which he is a resident, 
in the City Council for one term of three years, 
being elected by the Republican party, and made 
an efficient member. During his term as Council- 
man he was chairman of the finance committee, 
and illustrated his usefulness as well as his ability 
as a financier, by funding the floating debt of the 
city, and abolishing the order system and estab- 
lishing the present plan of cash payments. 

Mr. Rose was chosen a director in the West 
Jersey Ferry Company in 1885, and is now a 
member of the board. He was elected a member 
of the Street Railway Company in 1874, and since 
1883 has been secretary of the company. He is 
one of the charter members of Trimble Lodge, No. 
117, Free and Accepted Masons, and has taken all 
the degrees of that order up to and including the 
thirty-second degree. He has taken an active inter- 
est in the religious and moral welfare of Camden ; 
served as president of the Y'oung Men's Christian 
Association of this city from 1881 to 1885, inclu- 
sive; was for a time superintendent of the Sunday- 
school connected wilh Centenary Methodist Epis- 
copal Church, of which he is a member and a 
trustee. 

Mr. Rose was married, in 18(19, to Mary C. 
Whitlock, daughter of Friend Whitlock, Esq., a re- 
tired lumbermerchant. They have two daughters, — 
Elsie and Mary. 

The Farmers AND Mechanics Bank of Cam- 
den was originated in the year 1855. After a few 
years existence it obtained a change in its cliarter, 
and, under the authority of the United States gov- 
ernment, became the First National Bank of Cam- 
den, now well known asoneof the most prosperous 
financial institutions in West Jersey. An act of 
the Senate and General Assembly, approved 
March 31, 1855, empowered Charles Kaighn, 
Cooper P. Browning, Albert W. Markley, Abraham 
Browning, Samuel J. Bayard and their associates 
to engage in the general banking business. The 
capital stock of the institution was made three 
hundred thousand dollars, with a paid-in capital 
of one liundred thousand dollars in shares of one 
hundred dollars each. After the stock was sub- 
scribed and the necessary preliminary steps were 
taken, the following-named persons, on July 16, 
1855, were elected as the first Board of Directors: 
Albert W. Markley, Abraham Browning, Richard 
W. Howell, Charles S. Garrett, Maurice Browning, 
William P. Tatem, Benjamin P. Sisty, Nathaniel 
N. Stokes, Ezra Evans, Benjamin Shreve, George 
Haywood, Cooper P. Browning and William Busby, 



462 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



On the same day the board elected Albert W. 
Markley president, and David R. Maddock cash- 
ier. The lot on the southeast corner of Front 
Street and Market was purchased by the Board 
of Directors, and, on September 2, 1855, they en- 
tered into a contract with Charles Wilson to erect 
a banking-house on this lot, at a cost of eighteen 
thousand dollars. Before the completion of this buil- 
ding, a temporary oftice was secured on Market St., 
near Third, and on January 2, 1856, the bank was 
opened for business. James H. Stevens was elected 
teller; William Wright, book-keeper ; Philip J. 
Grey, notary public ; and Hugh H. Bates, runner 
and watchman. Nathaniel N. Stokes was elected 
president April 14, 1857, and Benjamin P. Sisty 
cashier on the 22d of the same month. On April 
21, 1858, James H. Stevens was elected cashier. 
This institution, as the Farmers and Mechanics 
Bank of Camden, continued business as a bank of 
issue, under the State system, with varying suc- 
cess, until after the passage of the act of Congress, 
creating the present national banking system, soon 
after which event it fulfilled the requirements and 
accepted the privileges of the new system, and 
has since met with unabated prosperity as 

The First National Bank of Camden. — 
The Congress of the United States, in order toper- 
feet the system of national finances, passed an act 
which was approved by President Lincoln, Febru- 
ary 25, 1863, " to provide a national currency, 
secured by a pledge of United States bonds, and 
provide for the circulation and redemption there- 
of." Recognizing the superiority of the national 
system, in contrast with the State system, the di- 
rectors of the Farmers and Mechanics Bank of 
Camden, together with other enterprising citizens 
and financiers of the county and city, organized 
themselves into an association and resolved to ac- 
cept the provisions of this act by having the insti- 
tution changed into a national bank. The signa- 
tures of stockholders, representing a capital of two 
hundred thousand dollars, were obtained by the 
lOtli of April, 1804; articles of association were 
then prepared and signed by John F. Starr, N. N. 
Stokes, Maurice Browning, Jonas Livermore, 
George L. Gillingham, Clayton Lippincott, and 
John F. Bodine. The gentleman just named, to- 
gether with William T. McCallister, became the 
first Board of Directors and Peter L. Yoorhees 
solicitor. On April 30, 1864, the comptroller 
of the currency is-sued his certificate of author- 
ity to this Board of Directors to commence the 
business of banking under the national law, as 
"The First National Bank of Camden." N.N. 
Stokes was elected president, and James II. Stev- 



ens, cashier. On July 6, 1864, Jonas Livermore 
was chosen president to succeed N.N. Stokes, who 
resigned, and on Thursday, September 1, 1864, the 
institution commenced business as a national 
bank. Hon. John F. Starr was elected president 
April 7, 1875, and has since continued to hold that 
responsible position. The first report of the bank 
to the comptroller of the currency, under the pres- 
idency of Mr. Starr, was made June 30, 1875. The 
individual deposits then were $167,802.60, and the 
undivided profits $29,979.58. The report to the 
same authority, on October 7, 1886, showed the in- 
dividual deposits to be f618,448.88, and the undi- 
vided profits $111,974.47. These figures clearly 
show the substantial prosperity of this institution 
and the success of its management. On April 17, 
1875, C. C. Reeves was chosen cashier to succeed 
James H. Stevens, who resigned. Watson Depuy, 
the present efficient cashier, was elected assistant 
cashier October 14, 1876, and on January 8, 1878, 
succeeded Mr. Reeves as cashier. Jonas Liver- 
more was elected vice-president January 9, 1883, 
a position which he continues to hold. William 
S. McCallister died January 13, 1868, and D. T. 
Gage was elected director to fill the vacancy. E. 
E. Read was elected January 9, 1875, in place of 
C. A. Sparks. 

On January 11, 1876, the Board of Directors was 
increased from nine to thirteen members by the 
election of Henry Fredericks (elected to fill the 
vacancy caused by the death of N. N. Stokes), 
Charles Stockham, Genge Browning, M. A. Fur- 
bush and John S. Read. March 4, 1876, Rene 
Guillou was elected in place of Genge Browning. 
January 9, 1877, John A. J. Sheets was elected a 
director to fill the vacancy caused by the resigna- 
tion of John S. Read, December 11,1880. William J. 
Evans was appointed a director to fill the vacancy 
caused by the death of George L. Gillingham, 
November 28, 1883, John F. Starr, Jr., was ap- 
pointed to fill the vacancy caused by the resigna- 
tion of Rene Guillou, and Clayton Conrow to fill 
that caused by the death of John F. Bodine. De- 
cember 19, 1885, Alfred W. Clement, of Haddon- 
field, was elected to fill the vacancy caused by the 
resignation of Maurice Browning. 

The following members compose the present 
Board of Directors : John F. Starr, Jonas Liver- 
more, D. T. Gage, Clayton Lippincott, Edmund E. 
Read, Henry Fredericks, Charles Stockham, M. A. 
Furbush, J. A. J. Sheets, William J. Evans, Clay- 
ton Conrow, John F. Starr, Jr., and Alfred W. 
Clement. Peter L. Voorhees, solicitor ; Samuel T. 
Davison is paying-teller of this bank ; Thomas S. 
Nekervis, agent at the Philadelphia otlice ; Harry 






'^^/V^^ 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



463 



T. Nekervis, receiving-teller; Sanford Liveriuore, 
book-keeper; William S. Jones, general assistant; 
John J. Pierson, messenger; and Francis N. Guise, 
watchman. 

The olHce at No. 21(! Market Street, Philadel- 
phia, was opened on May 24, 1875, and has since 
that date been connected with this bank as a part 
of its business interests. 

John F. Starr' was born in Philadelphia in 
181S of Quaker parentage, who were descendants 
of members of the Society of Friends of the same 
name, who settled in America as early as 1710. 
He received a limited education in Friends' school, 
and at the age of fifteen years he went to learn 
his trade in the steam boiler-works of his father 
and older brother where he was fitted for the 
successful business career which followed. In 
1840 he became associated with his father and 
brother in the business and so continued until 
about 1843. In 1845 Mr. Starr removed to Cam- 
den, N. J., where, in 1846, he built an iron foun- 
dry on Bridge Avenue for the manufacture of gas 
machinerj', street mains and other castings. These 
works he named the " Camden Iron Works." The 
year following, he and his brother Jesse again en- 
tered into copartnership. Finding their works on 
Bridge Avenue too limited for their rapidly-grow- 
ing business, they bought the land and removed 
their plant to its present location on Cooper's 
Creek. The Camden Iron Works were so enlarged 
by important additions from time to time that they 
became, through the energy and enterprise of the 
firm, the largest works of the kind in the country, 
and enabled the Messrs. Starr to establish 
an extensive and lucrative business by erectingthe 
gas-works and supplying the gas machinery for 
most of the large cities in the United States as 
well as in Canada. In the prosecution of their 
business the services of from eight hundred to 
twelve hundred men were required. These works 
gave a new life to the prosperity of Camden and 
their erection did more to attract attention to Cam- 
den as a manufacturing centre than all its other 
industries combined, and their influence had a 
marked and beneficial character upon the material 
interests of the city for years. 

In 18G0, when the Camden Iron Works were in 
the full tide of successful operation, the firing up- 
on Fort Sumter aroused the country, and scores of 
the workmen of Jesse W. & John F. Starr left to 
battle with treason. Here was a supreme oppor- 
tunity for the firm and they embraced it. The 
wives and children of those who were at tlie front 



'By; 



were bountifully cared for by the firm, who in this 
and in other ways contributed thousands of dol- 
lars for every worthy object looking to the sup- 
pression of the Rebellion. 

In 1862 Mr. Starr was elected to represent the 
First District in the Thirty-eighth Congress of 
the United States, and he was again elected in 
1S64. Mr. Starr entered Congress during the most 
critical and eventful period in the nation's history. 
The most gigantic rebellion the world ever saw 
was gatiiering strength to establish a rival govern- 
ment, the corner-stone of which, as declared by 
its projectors, was to be human slavery, and there 
never was an hour in his Congressional career 
when he did not aid, by his influence and vote, 
every measure calculated to place the country in 
a position to successfully confront and overcome 
its foes. Courageous and unflinching, he did not 
stop to dally with subjects of minor importance 
so long as the lite of the republic hung in the 
balaTice. He discharged faithfully every duty 
imposed upon him as a legislator and has a record 
worthy of the State and the people. While a 
member of Congress, Mr. Starr served upon the 
committee on manufactures, committee on terri- 
tories, committee on public buildings and grounds 
and was also a member of several special commit- 
tees. He had the privilege and proud satisfaction 
of supporting every measure looking to a vigorous 
prosecution of the war against rebellion, as well as 
the distinguished honor of being the only mem- 
ber of the House from New Jersey who voted for 
the amendment to the Constitution abolishing sla- 
very in the United States, and for all the legisla- 
tion required to give force and effect to that amend- 
ment. He was an ardent supporter of the national 
banking system and scrupulously maintained the 
credit of the nation. His successors have done 
well, but circumstances enabled Mr. Starr to do 
more for the perpetuity of the nation and free in- 
stitutions than those who have followed him. 

In 1864 Mr. Starr was elected a director of "The 
Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of Camden," which 
was .soon after changed, by virtue of the National 
Banking Law, to " The First National Bank of 
Camden," and of which he has been a director 
since its organization. He was elected president 
of the board of directors in 1875, which ortice he 
now holds (1886). 

In 1870 Mr. Starr disposed of his interest in and 
severed his connection with the Camden Inm 
Works, and has not been engaged in any continu- 
ous business since that time, but he has kept a 
watchful eye on the busy world and loaned his in- 
tlucnce and material aid on frequent occnsions to 



464 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



projects of pith and moment affecting this peo- 
ple. During his residence in Cumden he has been 
and still is a director of the West Jersey Ferry 
Company, having served in that capacity for more 
than twenty years, during which time he gave the 
company the benefit of his wise counsel and wide 
business experience. He also served as a director 
of the Camden and Atlantic Railroad for several 
years, advancing from time to time his private 
funds to make improvements for the better conduct 
of its business, and through which it was enabled 
to multiply its facilities and give a new impetus to 
Atlantic City. 

He took an active part in the organization of, 
and was treasurer and director of, the first building 
and loan association established in Camden. 

Mr. Starr has ever held to the motto that it is 
not enough to help his fellow-man up, but to sus- 
tain him after, and never through his long resi- 
dence in Camden has his purse been closed or his 
ear deaf to the cause of the unfortunate and help- 
less, as has been seen by his many and liberal gifts 
to the churches, and the benevolent institutions, 
in hundreds of instances as opportunities were af- 
forded him. For these and other kindred acts he 
needs no other reward than an approving con- 
science. 

Watson Depuy, the present cashier of the 
First National Bank, has been engaged in the 
banking business since 1857. He was born in 
Philadelphia, Februaiy fi, 1834, and is the son of 
J. Stewart Depuy, for many years a merchant of 
that city. He attended the public schools of 
Philadelphia, and completed his education in the 
Friends' Central High School. In the year 1857 
he was given the position of book-keei)er in the 
Commonwealth Bank, of Philadelphia, and, a few 
years later, was elected assist.ant cashier of the 
same institution, and continued there until 1872, 
when he was elected and served for three years as 
cashier of the old State Bank, of Philadelphia, 
then on the corner of Strawberry and Market 
Streets, which institution paid off" its depositors 
May 24, 1875 and retired from business. In 1785 
Mr. Depuy came to Camden as general assistant 
in the Firet National Bank, and on October 11, 
1876, the Board of Directors elected him assistant 
cashier, and on the 8th of May 1878, he was elec- 
ted cashier, which position he has since held with 
great acceptability to the authorities of that insti- 
tution and its patrons. 

Jonas Liveumoiie. — There came to Massa- 
chusetts in the early partof the seveuteenlh century 
settlers named Livermore. They chose Worcester 
County for their home and made tluir impress on 



the county and State. From them sprang the 
various branches found in the East and West. In 
Maine, as well as in Pennsylvania and California, 
the towns bearing their name-s were so called for 
them, and one of the family, a civil engineer by 
profession, was closely identified in building the 
canals running through Pennsylvania. In the 
Revolution they were known for their activity in 
the service of the colonies and for their liberal 
support of the government by their means. 

Jonas Livermore was born in Leicester, Mass., 
about 1730. He was one of its prominent citizens 
and a builder of repute. There were eight chil- 
dren in his family— Jonas, Salem, Daniel (father 
of present Jonas) and five daughters, one of whom, 
Sarah, was married to Wm. Upham, of Vermont, 
and the mother of Wm. Upham, who was State's 
attorney and afterwards became United Statea 
Senator, dying in Washington during his term of 
office. Daniel was married to Elizabeth Parker, 
of Leicester, Mass., daughter of Thos. Parker, by 
whom he had eight children — Jonas, Lewis, Hor- 
ace, Daniel, Eliza, Cimentha, Mary and Dianetha. 
Lewis came to New Jersey and was connected with 
Jonas in the manufacture of woolens at Black- 
wood until his death. Horace died young. Daniel 
became a prominent minister in the Universalist 
Church in Massachusetts and at present resides at 
Melrose. He was at one time editor and publisher 
of the New Covenant at Chicago, and was 
distinguished for his learning and strength of 
character. He was married to Mary A. Rice, of 
Boston, now so widely known, loved and respected 
as " Mary A. Livermore." Her devotion to the 
soldiers in the field, her unceasing labors in their 
behalf, her connection with the " Sanitary Com- 
mission Fair," in Chicago, will always be remem- 
bered, and to-day she stands as one of the foremost 
and ablest lecturers in the country. 

Jonas Livermore was born in Leicester, Mass., 
in 1802 and became early engaged in woolen manu- 
facture. In 18.30 he removed to Blackwood, N. J., 
and, in connection with Garrett Newkirk, estab- 
lished the " Good In'ent Woolen-Mills," managing 
them successfully for thirty years. In 1858 he was 
chosen a director of the Fanners' and Mechanics' 
Bank, of Camden, N. J. During that time, with 
rare foresight, he with others so shaped the policy 
of the old bank that in 18(14, it became the First 
National Bank, being among the first in the coun- 
try to get its charter, and he was made j)resident, 
which position he held for eleven years, retiring 
at his own request, but consenting to remain vice- 
president at the solicitation of the directors. 

While !Mr. TJvermore was connected with tlie 




<^y^^7 ^ <^Ziy''^^iyrY^ ^~ 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



465 



bank a one-dollar note, issued by the Farmers' 
and Mechanics' Bank, was returned to the bank 
for redemption, with the following remarks on a 
paper pinned to it and preserved by him, viz.: 

" This note has been in the wars. The owner, 
of it was wounded at Bull Run, Aug. 30, '62, and 
through the admirable arrangements of the TJ. S. 
authorities he was allowed to remain on the field 
only till Sept.Oth, one week ; then he was conveyed 
to Washington Hospital. If he has proper atten- 
tion he will recover. Strange to say, the rebels 
didn't rob the pocket containing his money purse." 

In 1827 Mr. Livermore was married to Louisa 
Gates, by whom he had four children — Henry and 
Sanford, who served during the war in the Army 
of the West, and Edwin, who, enlisting in the 
Sixth New Jersey Volunteer Infantry, became an 
officer in the Ordnance Department. He fell dur- 
ing the Wilderness campaign, and his body, like 
many more of those gallant " boys in blue," was 
never recovered ; it is among the mi.-ising, or per- 
haps lying beneath the simple slab bearing the in- 
scription " Unknown." The only daughter, Mary 
A., is the wife of Wm. A. Wilcox, of Blackwood. 
Sanford is an officer in the First National Bank, 
Camden. Henry resides in Blackwood. 

Mr. Livermore is a man of rare business talents, 
and owing to his patient industry he has given val- 
ue to his banking interests, as well as those of 
property in Blackwood, and at the age of eighty-four 
is in vigorous manhood, still supervising personally 
his business. He married a second wife, Annie 
McElroy, daughter of Wra. and Elizabeth McEl- 
roy, of Moorestown, N. J.; she is still living. In 
politics he is a pronounced Republican, and during 
the war was a stanch supporter of all government 
measures ; in religion a Presbyterian and for 
year.s an elder in Blackwood Presbyterian Church. 
It can truly be said of him, as of another when 
asked about the standing of a friend, he replied, 
"He is religiously blue, jHilitically black and 
financially O. K." 

The Camden Safe Deposit Cojipaxy is a 
banking institution whose charter was approved 
on the 4th day of April, 1873. The incorporators, 
who also became the first Board of Directors, were 
John F. Starr, Samuel Davis, Eudolphus Bingham, 
Patrick Byrne, William J. Sewell, Charles P. 
Stratton, John Hood, Thomas McKeen, Samuel 
H. Grey and William S. Scull. Upon organiza- 
tion, June 30, 1873, Jesse W. Starr w, s elected 
president, and Colonel Thomas McKeen treas- 
urer. The residence at No. 224 Federal Street, 
formerly the home of the late Dr. Isaac S. Mul- 
ford, was purchased and fittcil up as a banking 



house and has since, with its delightful surround- 
ings, admirably served the purpose for which it 
was secured. The bank was opened for business 
on the 1st day of July, 1873, with a capital stock 
of one hundred thousand dollars, in shares of 
twenty-five dollars each. 

On September 1, 1873, George Raphael resigned, 
and, on the same day, Thomas H. Dudley was 
elected vice-president. November 27, 1873, I. 
Woolston resigned; William Moore, of Millville, 
was elected. November 27, 1873, Patrick Byrne 
resigned as director, and James B. Dayton was 
elected in his place. December 11, 1873, Thomas 
A. Wilson resigned, and Albert W. Markley was 
elected. December 11, 1873, Jesse W. Starr, presi- 
dent, resigned, and .lames B. Dayton was elected 
president. December 12, 1873, Thomas McKeen 
resigned as treasurer ; William Stiles was elected 
treasurer and entered upon his duties January 1, 
1874. December 15th Benjamin Cooper was elected 
director in place of Thomas McKeen, resigned. 

At the succeeding election, on July 1, 1875, 
Peter L. Voorhees was elected a director. On July 
22, 1876, by election, William C. Dayton, William 
Hardacre and Jeremiah Smith became directors, 
and William Stiles was chosen a director on July 1, 
1878, Benjamin C. Reeve was elected July 1, 1881, 
and D. J. Pancoast July 2, 1885. 

This institution has continued to do a large and 
prosperous business since the time of its organiza- 
tion, and is recognized as a valuable accession to 
the financial interests of Camden. A general 
banking business is conducted, and interest is 
allowed on time deposits. According to the last 
report, on July 1, 1886, the capital stock paid in 
wiis $100,000; surplus, $100,000; amount of de- 
posits, $1,193,069; amount of loans and discounts, 
$776,962. The following are the present directors : 
William J. Sewell, Sanmel H. Grey, William S. 
Scull, Peter L. Voorhees, William C. Dayton, 
Benjamin D. Shreve, John C. Bullitt, William 
Hardacre, Jeremiah Sinith, Benjamin C. Reeve, 
William Stiles and D. J. Pancoast. 

The President, James B. Dayton, died JIarch 9, 
1886, and on the loth of the same month Peter L. 
Voorhees was chosen to succeed him. William 
Stiles has served as treasurer since January 1, 
1874. Samuel H. Grey has been solicitor since the 
organization of the bank. James M. Cassady is 
the notary. The paying-teller is J. Henry Hayes; 
Receiving-teller, Conrad F. Austermuhl ; General 
Book-keeper, Edward F. Moody ; Individual Book- 
keepers, B. M. Stiles and William Joyce ; Messen- 
ger, Thomas W. McCowan ; Watchmen, William 
Hawkins and Thomas Carson. 



466 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUxVTY, NEW JERSEY. 



William Stiles, the present treasurer of this 
financial institution and the son of Tliomas and 
Judith Stiles, was born in Moorestown, Burlington 
County, New Jersey, August 23, 1828. He obtained 
his education at the Friends' School of his native 
town, at a school of the same religious society at 
Mount Laurel, and at the age of sixteen years 
became a pupil in the boarding-school at Gwynedd, 
Pa. In 1854 he entered the State Bank at Camden 
as a clerk, and subsequently, by promotion, occu- 
pied various positions in the clerical force of that 
bank, and was also chosen one of its directors. 
While serving in the capacity of receiving teller 
of the National State Bank, in 1874, he was elected 
to the position which he now very acceptably fills, 
being at the same time one of the directors of the 
institution. 

The Camden National Bank. — A movement 
was made shortly after the passage of the National 
Bank Act toward establishing a bank in the 
southern part of Camden, but the project was 
abandoned. A few years later the Gloucester City 
Savings Institution opened a branch ofliee on 
Kaighn Avenue, which it maintained till the time 
of its failure, 1884. In 1885 the subject of estab- 
lishing a National Bank on Kaighn Avenue was 
again discussed. Lsaac C. Martindale, who had 
many years' experience in the banking business, 
became interested in the movement, and Zophar 
C. Howell, president of the Kaighns Point Ferry 
Company, and others gave the project encouraging 
support. Application was made on May 30, 1885, 
to the comptroller of the currency for authority to 
organize and establish "The Camden National 
Bank," with a capital of one hundred thousand 
dollars, with the privilege of increasing it to two 
hundred thousand dollars. The necessary permis- 
sion having been received, a call for a public meet- 
ing to promote the enterprise, signed by John 
Cooper, Henry B. Wilson, Howard M. Cooper, 
William B. Mulford, Zophar C. Howell and Isaac 
C. Martindale, w;is issued and the meeting held at 
the office of the Kaighns Point Ferry Company June 
13, 1885, when more than one-fourth of the capital 
stock was subscribed. A committee then appointed 
to solicit further subscriptions reported, at a meet- 
ing held July 6th, that the full amount (8100,000), 
had been subscribed. The articles of association 
and the organization certificate were signed and 
executed, and a meeting of the stockholders held 
on July 20th, when the following-named persons 
were elected as the first Board of Directors: Zo- 
phar C. Howell, Henry B Wilson, Charles B. 
Coles, James D.ivis, Isaac C. Toone, George W. 
Bailey, George T. Haines, Irvine C. Beatty, J.ihn 



Cooper, William B. Mulford, Philip H. Fowler, 
Charles E. Thomas, Harry B. Anthony, Howard 
M. Cooper, Zophar L. Howell, Herbert C. Felton, 
Rudolph W. Birdsell. William W. Price, is teller 
.at Philadelphia ofliee; Charles P. Martindale, 
receiving teller at the bank; Lewis Mueller, book- 
keeper. 

They organized by electing Znphar C. Howell, 
president; John Cooper, vice-president; and Isaac 
C. Martindale, cashier, who still continue in office. 
Howard M. Cooper was chosen solicitor. No. 259 
Kaighn Avenue was selected and fitted up for a 
temporary banking-room. Authority to commence 
business was granted by the comptroller of the 
currency on August Ist, and on August 13, 1885, 
the bank was opened for business. 

The first statement, on October 1st, after the 
bank had been in operation six weeks, showed 
aggregate assets of $219,018. 

On March 20, 1886, the bank opened a special 
line of accounts, on which interest is allowed, at 
the rate of three per cent, on all sums from one 
dollar to five hundred dollars, and two per cent, on 
all suras over five hundred dollars, such deposit to 
be drawn only after two weeks' notice has been 
given, the interest being credited to the account 
every six months. 

This bank has a branch office at the northwest 
corner of Secondand Walnut Streets, Philadelphia, 
and arrangements have been perfected by which 
deposits are made at J. A. Warasley's drug-store, 
in Gloucester City. The management of the 
Camden National Bank lias been a success, and 
the institution has secured a good patronage. 

John Cooper, who for more than forty years 
has been prominently identified with the business 
interests of the city of Camden, is a grandson of 
James Cooper, who resided near Woodbury, Glou- 
cester County, and who became possessed of con- 
siderable property in that section, a portion of 
which, still owned by John Cooper, is the only 
tract that w;is thus originally purchased that has 
remained ever since in the family name. His 
father, William Cooper, who married Sarah Mor- 
gan, daughter of Joseph Morgan, of Delaware 
County, Pa., was a prosperous farmer for the period 
iu which he lived. He died in 1850, at the ad- 
vanced age of eighty years. His wife died about 
two years earlier. They were earnest supporters 
and consistent members of the Society of Friends, 
and both occujiied the station of elders in the 
Friends' Meeting held at Woodbury. They had 
six children, — Mary, the eldest, married Charles 
Kaighn, of Camden ; Ann married Joseph Tatum, 
of tiloiu-ester Counlv ; .lames married I^ucvMid- 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



467 



rlleton, of Burlington County, William E. married 
Elizabeth, daughter of Enoch Roberts, of Burling- 
ton County ; Joseph M., a twin brother of James, 
who died unmarried, in 1885, at the residence of 
his brother John, the subject of this sketch, born 
in 1814. 

In 1S43 John Cooper married Mary iM. Kaiglin, 
daughter of Joseph and Sarah Kaighn, of Camden, 
and soon after opened a grocery store on what was 
then known as Market Street (now Kaighn Avenue) 
It was the only store in that section of Camden. In- 
deed, there were but few houses there except those 
in the immediate vicinity of the ferry. In 1845 
he opened a coal-yard, being the pioneer in that 
branch of trade, and the fir.st one to engage in that 
business in Camden, south of Federal Street. For 
more than forty years he has been active in business 
in that part of the city, interested in the develop- 
ment of its mercantile interests, and has been a 
successful merchant. He has been a director of 
the Kaighns Point Ferry Company for many 
years and was one of the promoters of the Cam- 
den National Bank, of which he is now vice- 
president. He is the head of the firm of Cooper, 
Stone & Co., dealers in coal, wood and hardware, 
doing business at Front Street and Kaighn Ave- 
nue. Both he and his wife, Mary M., were much 
interested on behalf of the colored population 
of the city, were among the founders of the 
West Jersey Orphanage, a home for colored chil- 
dren, and became very active in its management. 
She left a considerable sum of money to be paid 
to it after her death. She died in 1880. They 
h.id four children, — Howard M., a prominent 
member of the bar; Sallie K., who married George 
K.Johnson, Jr.; William J., who is now associated 
with his father in business ; and Ellen, who died 
in early life. A few years ago Mr. Cooper pur- 
cha-ied a lot of ground on Cooper Street, above 
Seventh, and built thereon a fine residence. He 
recently married C. Louisa Gibberson, of Phila- 
delphia, and now lives in his Cooper Street man- 
sion. 



CHAPTEK V. 

RELIGIOUS HISTORY OF CAMDES. 

Newton Friends' Meeting — Methodist Churches — Baptist Churches 
— Protestant Episcopal Churches — Prest)yterian Churches — Luth- 
eran Churches — Churches of the United Brethren in Christ, 
Church of the Evangelical Association — Young Men's Christian 
Association — Roman Catholic Churches. 



Newton Friends' Meeting.' — About the yi 
1800, when the general opening of roads made 

1 liy Uoward 51. Cooper. 



ar 



no longer important to be on the water, Newton 
Friends determined to move from their old meet- 
iiig-house on Newton Creek to a place more 
central; and in Fourth Month, 1801, Joseph 
Kaighn gave them the lot of land at the corner of 
the Mount Ephraim road and Mount Vernon 
Street, in the present city of Camden, on which, 
in the same year, they built the brick meeting- 
house that now stands there. Here they continued 
meeting without dissension until the separation of 
1827-28 occurred, when the Orthodox Friends 
retained possession of the house and have occupied 
it ever since. 

For several years before the separation Richard 
Jordan, a prominent minister, was a member of 
this meeting, and afterwards, being an Orthodox 
Friend, continued to preach here until his death, 
often drawing full houses. The present jiublic 
Friend is Richard Esterbrook. 

At the separation the Hicksite Friends met a 
short time in the oldCamden Academy, that stood 
where the George Genge Grammar School now is, 
at the southwest corner of Sixth and Market 
Streets. On Seventh Month 6, 1828, Joseph W. 
Cooper gave them a lot of ground on Cooper 
Street, above Seventh, on which, in that year, they 
erected a frame meeting-house and have met there 
continuously since. When the house was built, 
it was in the midst of a woods, some of the old 
oak-trees of which are still standing in the meet- 
ing-house yard. In 1885 the house was enlarged 
and greatly improved in appearance. Samuel J. 
Levick, Rachel Wainwright and Sarah Hunt have 
been ministers here in the past. At present the 
public Friends are Mary S. Lippincott, Isaac C. 
Martindale and others. 

The Third Street Methodist Epi.scopal 
Church. — Exactly when Methodist preachers, lo- 
cal or itinerant, commenced preaching at Camden 
is unknown, but in 1797, Rev. Benjamin Fisler, 
M.D., of Port Elizabeth, N. J., preached here sev- 
eral times, and \\e find subsequently that local 
preachers from St. George's ChurcJ!, in Philadel- 
phia, made Camden one of their preaching-places. 
In 1808 the New Jersey District of the Philadel- 
phia Conference was formed, with Joseph Totten 
presiding elder, and an appointment called " Glou- 
cester Circuit " created, which included what is 
now Camden. Revs. Richard Sneath and William 
S. Fisher were appointed as preachers of the new 
circuit and the following year, 1809, Richard 
Sneath formed the first regular chtss in Camden, 
composed of James and Elizabeth Duer, Henry 
and Susannah Sawn, William and Jlartha Price 
and Phebe Peters, of which James Duer was ap- 



468 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



pointed leader. Services by the circuit preachers 
were held once every two weeks, on Wednesday 
evening, in the academy which formerly stood on 
the corner of Market Street and Sixtli. The same 
year, finding the academy insufficient lor their 
wants, a regular church organization having been 
formed in the meantime, it was determined to 
erect a house of worship. A lot on the corner of 
Fourth Street and Federal was secured and a 
board of trustees elected, composed of James Duer, 
Jonathan Petherbridge, H&nry Sawn and William 
Price, and the corporate name of " The Methodist 
Episcopal Church of Camden " given to the new 
organization. James Duer and Jonathan Pether- 
bridge were made a building committee. Before 
the building was completed, Thomas Dunn, one of 
the preachers on the Gloucester Circuit, preached 




IHli D alKLLi MLlUOil i Li 1 OlAI tUlRtH 



the first sermon in it from the te.xt, " Who com- 
manded you to build tills house and to make up 
these walls ? " The church was dedicated on the 
2.Jth of November, 1810, by Presiding Elder Jo- 
seph Totten. This was the first house of worship 
erected in the city of Camden and is slill standing 
near the original site, cor. Fourth and Federal Sts. 
In 1834, the congregation having so increased, 
it was determined to erect a new builditig more in 
keeping with the importance of the society and 
better adapted to its wants. During this time 
Camden was connected with Gloucester or Bur- 
lington Circuits, but it was then thought that it 
should become a station. Accordingly, a lot on 
Third Street, between Bridge Avenue and Federal 



Street, was purchased, and on the Fourth of July, 
1834, the corner-stone of a new church was laid 
with appropriate services. December I4th, follow- 
ing, the church was dedicated by Rev. Charles 
Pitman, assisted by the pastor, Rev. William 
Granville. The new building cost about eight 
thousand dollars. In this new building the soci- 
ety did its work for over thirty years, increasing in 
numbers rapidly, especially during the great revi- 
val in 1837. The church building had been en- 
larged and improved to meet its increased wants, 
at considerable expense, and it was a crushing 
blow to the society when, on the 20th of Novem- 
ber, 1867, the building was totally destroyed by 
fire, with but a slight insurance on it. But though 
for a moment paralyzed, the congregation soon re- 
covered itself and, with commendable energy, im- 
mediately began the erection 
z^f\\ of a new building, and appoint- 

^ V9\\ ed Rev. Charles H. Whitecar, 

pastor, S. S. E. Cowperthwait, 
Thomas B. Atkinson, Morton 
Mills, E. S. Johnson and James 
M. Cassady a building com- 
mittee to superintend the work. 
The lots on Third and Mickle 
Streets and Bridge Avenue 
were purchased, and the work 
was pushed forward with so 
much energy that the present 
beautiful house of worship, 
with a seating capacity of about 
fourteen hundred, and costing, 
with the lot, some sixty thou- 
sand dollars, was dedicated on 
September 1, 1869, in the pre- 
sence of an immense concourse 
of people, by Bishop Simpson 
and the pastor. Rev. C. H. 
Whitecar. 
In all its history this church has been firm in 
its adherence to the polity of the Methodist E|)is- 
copal Church, and in its support to the various 
religious work of the denomination. 

Early in the history of this society, vigorous 
work in the Sunday-school cause Avas commenced 
and has been undagging in it ever since. The 
present Sunday-school numbers over six hundred 
members, with sixty oflicers and teachers. Dr. 
William Shafer is its present superintendent. 
The church has had the following pastors : 

18011. Tlmiims Ilunii. 1811. John Woolaton. 

ChnrK'8 Kfuil. 1812. Jusopli Osburn. 
1810. PettT VumieMt. John Woolston. 

Joseph Osliorji. 1813. Goorgo Wooluy. 

TholiuiH Duvis. John Price. 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



469 



1814. 


George Wooley. 


18.33. 


Edward Page. 




Joseph Lybmnd. 




I). W. Bartine. 


1815. 


.Tolin Vail Schoick. 


1834- 


.;i5. William Granville. 




Joseph lliisling. 


1836. 


Thomas Neal. 


1810. 


Joh.i Vim Schoick. 


18.37. 


James H. Dandy. 




John Kox. 


1838- 


■30. Joseph Ashbrook. 


1817. 


James Moore. 


184(1. 


John K. Shaw. 




Joseph Lybrand. 




William A. Brooks. 


1818. 


Solomon Sharp. 


1841. 


John K. Shaw. 




Davia Best. 


1842. 


John L. Lenhart. 


ISlil. 


John Walker. 


1843-44. Isaac Winner. 




James Long. 


1845. 


Abram K. Street. 


1829. 


John Walker. 




Elwood H. Stokes. 




John Polls. 


1846. 


.\bram K. Street. 


1821. 


John Potts. 


1847. 


David W. Bartine. 




Benjamin Collins. . 




George A. Iteybold. 


1822. 


Sylvester G. Hill. 


1848. 


David W. Bartine. 




Waters Burrows. 




Israel S. Corbit. 


1823. 


Sylvester G. Hill. 


1849. 


Charles H. Whitecar. 




Joseph Carey. 




William H. Jeffreys, 


1824. 


David Daily. 


1850. 


Charles H. Whitecar. 




Joseph Osborn. 


1851. 


Isaac N. Felch. 


182;). 


Jacob G ruber. 


1852. 


Richard W. Petherbridgo. 




Wesley Wallace. 


1853-54. James 0. Rogers. 


1826. 


George Wooley. 


1855. 


John W. McDougal. 




Robert Gerry. 


1856-57. William E. Perry. 


1827. 


George Wooley. 


1858-59. Elwood H. Stokes. 




Thomas Sovereign. 


1860-61. Samuel T. Monroe. 


1828. 


Henry Boehm. 


1862-63. Joseph B. Dobbins. 




Levin M. Prettyman. 


1864-05-66. Sanmel Vansant. 


1820. 


Henry Boehm. 


1867-68-69. Charles H. Whitecar. 




W. W. Foulks. 


1870- 


-71. John S. Heisler. 




Samuel Throckmorton. 


1872- 


-73-74. Charles E, Hill. 


1830. 


William W. Foulks. 


1875-76-77. Charles R, Hartrauft. 




Joseph Ash brook. 




Pennel Coombs. 


1831, 


, John Walker. 


1878. 


-70-80. J. B. Graw. 




Jefferson Lewis. 


1881- 


-82-83. William W. Moffet. 


1832. 


John Walker. 


1884-85-86. G. B. Wight. 



Since its organization, in 1809, Third Street 
Church ha.s sent out the following church organi- 
zations, all of them at present flourishing churches 
in Camden, viz.: Union Church, Broadway 
Church, Tabernacle Church and Centenary 
Church. 

Union Methodist Episcopal Church is situa- 
ted on the corner ofFifth Street and Mount Vernon. 
This society was originated from a class-meeting 
formed in 1838, in a school-house near Kaighna 
Point, by the Rev. Josejjh Ashbrook. Twenty- 
three persons joined this class, viz., — Charles 
llugg (leader), Sarah Hugg, Parmclia Gaunt, 
Deborah Hawkc, Benjamin Sutton, A. Sutton, 
William Home, Sarah Home, Mary Surran, Elias 
Kaighii, Sarah Kaighn, Levi Brink, Deborah 
Brink, Sarali A. Kaighn, Joshua Stone,' Rebecca 
Stone, Mary Smallwood, Elijah W. Kaighn, Elijah 
Burrough, Thomas Eeigh, Harriet C. Brink, 
George Hughes and William Perkins. Of the 
original members, not one is connected with the 
present congregation. Fourteen of them were 
dismissed by certificate and nine have since died. 
A regular Sunday meeting was established in the 
school-house and much interest was manifested in 



the services, which resulted in a number of persons 
joining the class. As no suitable site could be ob- 
tained for a church .at Kaighns Point, Rev. Joseph 
Ashbrook, before leaving the charge, procured the 
gift of a lot from Richard Fetters, in 1839. 

This lot, so kindly donated, was on the south- 
east corner of Fifth Street and Mount Vernon, 
and, iu 1840^1, a frame church building was 
erected on it, at a cost of four hundred and eleven 
dollars, under the supervision of Rev. J. R. Shaw, 
who succeeded Rev. Ashbrook. 

In 1845 Rev. L. B. Newioii became the class- 
leader, and through his eflbrts many members 
were added to the church, and the Sunday-school 
increased to one hundred and eighty scholars. 
The Rev. John L. Lenhart was pastor in 1843-44, 
Rev. Isaac Winner in 1845-46, and Rev. A. K. Street 
in 1847-48. In this last-named year the member- 
ship had so increased that the Third Street Quar- 
terly Conference decided to build a church in 
South Camden. The corner-stone was laid on 
June 8, 1848, and the church dedicated- on the 
25th of December of that year. Rev. Charles Pit- 
man, D.D., officiating. This church was forty by 
fifty-five feet, and twenty feet high. In 1849 Rev. 
Charles Whitecar and Rev. William H. Jeffries 
were sent to Camden. The cholera prevailed to an 
alarming extent, and there were over fifty deaths 
within this congregation. 

In 1850, under the direction of the Conference, 
Enoch Shinn, Joseph Sharp, John S. Bundick, 
Thomas McDowell, Sr., Samuel Scull, Levi B. 
Newton and Joseph Evans were chosen trustees 
of this church. Rev. David Duffield became pas- 
tor the same year, and during his ministry the 
church was prosperous and free from debt. In 
1854 and 1855, under the Rev. Philip Cline as pas- 
tor, the church numbered three hundred and 
forty-six members, and the chnrch Sunday-school, 
with the one connected with the church in Stock- 
ton, three hundred and ninety members. Rev. J. 
W. Hickman was pastor during 1850 and 1857, and 
Rev. H. M. Brown in 1858 and 1859. Previous to 
this time it was called the Fifth Street Church, 
but now took the corporate name of the Union 
Church. 

In 1858 there were four schools connected with 
this charge, — No. 1, in the church, Levi B. 
Newton, superintendent ; No. 2, at Stockton, 
Samuel Deval, superintendent ; No. 3, at Kaighns 
Point, William Hunt, superintendent; and No. 4, 
at Eagle Hall, Jose|)h .lohnson, superintendent. 
In these schools were eighty-three officers and 
teachers and five hundred scholars. In 1859 this 
church, with William Peacock as contractor, built 



470 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



amission chapel at Stockton. There were no material 
changes in the church from this time until 1880. 
The pastors who officiated during these years were 
Kevs. Henry M. Beegle, 1860-62 ; Aaron E. Bal- 
lard and Charles E. Hill, 1863-64; Samuel Parker, 
1865-66; W. W. Christine, 1867-68; Garner R. 
Snyder, 1869-71; George C. Maddock, 1871-74; 
A. K. Street, 1874-77 ; and James Moore, 1877-80- 
In 1880 Rev. John S. Gaskill became pastor, 
and through his efforts succeeded in having a new 
church, which was dedicated in May, 1883. The 
same year Rev. G. Dobbins became pastor, and in 
1886 the present pastor. Rev. A. Lawrence, was as- 
signed to the charge. The church has at this date 
(1886) five hundred and thirty-two full members 
and ten probationers. The Sunday-school has 
sixty officers and teachers and six hundred and 




forty-four pupils. Samuel C. Newton is the super- 
intendent. 

John S. Bundick, who died in 1884, was presi- 
dent of the board of trustees for many years. 

Broadway Methodist Episcopal Church.' — 
At the house of Cbas. Sloan a meeting of Metho- 
dists was held on April 8, 1848, where, with Mr. 
Sloan as chairman and David Dufficld, Jr., secre- 
tary, the Berkley Street Sabbath-school of the 
Methodist Episcopal Chun-h of Camden, N. J., was 
organized. Chaa. Sloan, David Duffield, Jr., Thos. 
L. Smith, Philander C. Brink, Benj. A. Haminell, 
Levi C. Phifer, Wm. Few, John Newton, Richard 
J. Sharp, L B. Reed, John B. Thompson, Eliza- 

'BvGi,'i>. E. ■•■rv, l,i:'. l)r.m.l\viiy,C.iimli-ii. 



beth Middleton, Susan H. Scott, Mary Adams, 
Harriet Davis, Mary Brooks, Hannah Souder, 
Mary Dunn and Sarah Cheeseman volunteered to 
become teachers. Chas. Sloan was elected super- 
intendent. A lot was purchased and a school- 
huuse built, which was dedicated April 15, 1849, 
by Rev. Dr. Bartine. The school then had 
twelve teachers and sixty-three scholars, which 
two years later was increased to one hundred and 
one scholars. A request was sent to Rev. Chas. 
H. Whitecar, pastor of Third Street Methodist 
Episcopal Church, to form a class, of which Isaac 
B. Reed was appointed leader, and the other mem- 
bers were Hannah Chambers, Abigail Bishop, 
Wm. Wood, Furman Sheldon, Priscilla Sheldon, 
Achsa Sutton, Mary Button, Mary Brooks, Eliza- 
beth Bender, Ruthanna Bender, Charlotte Wilk- 
inson, Wm. Patterson, Sister Patter- 
son, Sister Severns, Rebecca Thomp- 
son, Elizabeth Mclntyre, Hannah 

A. Reed, Dan'l Stephenson, Rachel 
Stephenson, Susan Thomas, Samuel 
Severns, Mary E. Maguire and Wm. 
Few. At a meeting held in the Sun- 
day-school room on Berkley Street, 
March 10, 1854, and at a subsequent 
meeting, May 9th, a church society 
was organized largely from members 
' if the class above mentioned. Rev. 
Ralph S. Arndt was the first pastor. 
Forty certificates of membership 
were received, and John Lee, Isaac 

B. Reed and Conklin Mayhew were 
appointed class-leaders. 

The first board of stewards was 
composed of John C. Clopper, Wal- 
ter Rink, John M. Pascall and Logan 
II Alcott. May 30, 1854, the board of 

trustees elected were Daniel Bishop, 
S. S.Cain, Wm. Severns, Conklin Mayhew, Furman 
Slieldon, Logan Alcott and T. H. Stephens. At the 
same meeting the name of " Broadway Methodist 
Episcopal Church of Camden, N. J.," was selected 
to designate the new society. Rev. J. H. Knowles 
was pastor from May, 1855, to the end of the pas- 
toral year and part of next year, which was finished 
by Rev. J.J. Hanley, who remained to May, 1858. 
In February, 1856, John S. Newton, who after- 
wards lost his life with the unfortunates in the 
" New Jersey " steamboat, was appointed leader of a 
class of young converts. The trustees purchased the 
property corner of Broadway and Berkley Street, 
in 1854, subject to a claim, and on November 14, 
1854, they bought an adjoining lot. The basement 
of the church was dedicated December 25, 1855, 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



471 



by Bishop Scott, and the main audionce-room 
dedicated January 29, 1857, Isy Bishop .lanes. 

Rev. C. K. Fleming was pastor from 1S5S to 
1860. There were then two hundred full mem. 
bers and one hundred probationers. TheSunday- 
schools under theircharge had, in 18G0, three hun- 
dred and seventy-flve children. 

P'rom 1860 to 1872. inclusive, the successive 
pastors were C. W. Heisley, who went to the army 
as chaplain, Robert Stratton, R. S. Harris, George 
Kitchens, Wm. Walton, R. A. Chalker and Geo. 
Hughes, and during this period the chui'ch pros- 
pered greatly, so that it became necessary to en- 
large the church building. The original building 
W.1S forty-eight feet by sixty-five feet, and during 
the pastorate of Rev. JohnS. Phelps, 1873-74, an 
addition of thirty feet was built to the rear. Rev. H. 
H. Brown was pastor during 1875. The parsonage, 
No. 512 Broadway, was purchased for five thou- 
sand dollars, April 20, 1873. Rev. Geo. Reed was 
pastor in 1876, and had two very successful years 
in church work, making many conversions. 

Rev. Geo. B. Wight was pastor during 1878, 
1879 and 1880. During this period a plan was 
adopted to liquidate the debt on the church, which 
was then nine thousand dollars, and which has 
been reduced to two thousand dollars. The new 
Methodist hymnal was adopted by the church in 
November, 1878. In 1879, December 31st, a new 
department in Sunday-school work, called the As- 
sembly, was started under the leadership of Joseph 
Elverson, who has held that position ever since. 
Rev. Milton Relyea was pastor from 1881 to 188-1 ; 
during this period there was a great revival 
and a large number were added to the church. 
Mrs. Lizzie Smith did much earnest work at a re- 
vival in 1881. At an afternoon meeting held that 
year, Mrs. Clayton, a member, died very sudileidy. 
In 1884 the church was newly frescoed, a pipe-organ 
put in position, and shortly thereafter the Annual 
Conference was held in this church. In October, 
1883, the Sunday-school numbered one thousand 
two hundred and forty-seven scholars, and had 
eighty-nine officers and teachers. The Pine Street 
Mission, formerly under charge of Union Method- 
ist Episcopal Church, was transferred by mutual 
consent to the charge of Broadway Methodist 
Episcopal Church, March, 1884 ; soon after, a 
plot of ground ninety by one hundred and fifty 
feet, at Third Street and Beckett, was purchased by 
this church, on which to erect a chapel and re- 
ceive the Sunday-school and worshippers of Pine 
Street Mission. The old building on Pine Street 
was subsequently sold and the proceeds applied to 
the new building, which was dedicated in October, 



1885. In 1885, under the preaching of Rev. D. B. 
Green, a great revival wiis held. In March, 1885, 
the Band of Hope passed into the charge of the 
Sunday-school Association, and in May, Emmor 
Applegate was elected its superintendent. Rev. 
Wm. P. Davis, D.D., commenced his pastorate of 
this church March, 1884, since which time many 
members have been added. The membership now 
(1886) is nearly eight hundred, and about two 
hundred probationers. The Sunday-school has 
nearly one thousand two hundred members and 
the Mission school has about two hundred and 
seventy members. Dr. A. E. Street is^the general 
superintendent of the school. 

Tabernacle Methodist Episcopal Church. 
— In ]856afew members of theThird StreetMeth- 
odist Episcopal Church of Camden held devo- 
tional meetings in a grove at Coojiers Point, and 
then organized the Tabernacle Methodist Episco- 
pal Church. In 1860 a chapel was built on Third 
Street, below Vine, in which regular meetings were 
held. A minister was appointed by the New Jer- 
sey Conference. The society grew rapidly in 
numbers, and in 1867 the structure at the uortheast 
corner of Third Street and Pearl was built. The 
debt on the church for a time was a heavy load. 
However, through perseverance and zealous work, 
it was greatly diminished. In this church build- 
ing the societycontinuedto worship until Augusts, 

1885. On that day the cyclone that did such a vast 
amount of damage in Camden and Port Richmond, 
Philadelphia, unroofed the church building and 
weakened the walls. It was then decided to take 
down what remained of the old building and in its 
place construct a new one. John B. Betts, a 
builder, began the work in September, under a 
contract to erect the present church with a seat- 
ing capacity of eleven hundred. The south and 
west sides are of stone and the north and e.ist sides 
of brick, with the main audience-room on 
second floor. The cost of the church and furniture 
was about thirty-two thousand dollars, and it is a 
beautiful and attractive building. It was dedicated 
with imposing ceremonies during the summer of 

1886. The church membership numbers about 
six hundred. The Sunday-school, of which Wal- 
ter M. Patton has been superintendent for twelve 
years, has thirty-five teachers and six hundred 
scholars. Tabernacle Church is the only Method- 
ist Episcopal Church in Camden north of Cooper 
Street, and is the only free-seating church of any 
denomination north of Bridge Avenue. 

The following is a list of the ministers who have 
been stationed at this church by the New Jersey 
Conference since its organization : Revs. W. S. 



471' 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Barnart, L. La Rue, James White, J. H. Stock- 
ton, J. W. Hickman, S. E. Post, C. K. Fleming, G. 
K. Morris, E. Hewett, G. S. Sykes, J. S. Heisler 
and J. Y. Dobbins. 

FlLLMOKE StEEET MeTHODIST EPISCOPAL 

Church. — In 1856 a mission school, under the 
auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was 
organized in the house of Jesse Perkins, No. 1722 
Broadway, and was superintended by John Dob- 
bins and Mrs. Shuttleworth. Soon after its organ- 
ization it was removed to the house of William 
Hammond, on Fillmore Street, opposite to the 
site of the present church, and Samuel Duval 
became superintendent. The school was a suc- 
cess, the number of scholars increased, and in 
1858 the Fifth Street Methodist Episcopal Church 
adopted measures to procure land and build a 
church in that locality. 

A one-story frame building, with a small chapel 
to the rear, was built by Clayton Peacock in 1859, 
and dedicated by Rev. William Brown. The 
building committee were William Room, William 
Hammond, John Dobbins, Thomas B. Jones, John 
S. Bundick, Josiah Matlack and William Brown, 
the pastor. A large number of members joined 
the church at this time and the Sunday-school had 
eight teachers and sixty pupils. The pastors who 
have been assigned to this charge, from the time 
of the organization to the present time, have been 
George W. Smith, J. T. Price, Joseph Hopkins, G. 
H. Tullis, Lewis Atkinson, John Y. Dobbins, 
David Stewart, Edward Messier, William Mitchell, 
George Musseroll, D. W. C. Mclntire and James 
E. Diverty, the present pastor. The congregation 
in the year 1886 built a new church, fifty-two 
by eighty-two feet in size, of stone, with modern 
improvements and neatness of architectural de- 
sign, at a cost of fifteen thousand dollars. 
Two large lots were donated by Mrs. John Dob- 
bins for the site of the new church and a par- 
sonage. These lots are on Broadway, corner of 
Van Hook Street. The building committee, to 
draft the plans and superintend the building of the 
new church, is composed of John Dobbins, chair- 
man ; Herman Helmbold, treasurer ; Benjamin 
E. Mellor, secretary ; and Geo. W. Burroughs, 
Geo. W. Lacomey, James O. Smith, Joseph Cline, 
Thomas Harman, G. W. Laird, Robert H. Comey, 
Frederick Kift'erlyand Henry Davi.s. 

The church at present (1886) has a membership 
of one hundred and seventy-two communicants, 
and in the Sunday-school there are two hundred 
and eighty-nine pupils and teachers, with George 
W. Burroughs as superintendent. 

Centenary Methodist Episcopal Church 



was organized in 1865, by persons who were members 
of the Third Street Methodist Episco])al Church. 
The Rev. J. B. Dobbins, D.D., was presiding elder 
at that time. The persons most prominently iden- 
tified with the organization of the church were 
Charles Sloan, Joshua Peacock, Wm. D. Peacock, 
Nathan T. Mulliner, William W. Barlow, Charles 
Cox, Philander C. Brink, Benjamin H. Browning 
and others. 

The original trustees were Wm. Barlow, Ralph 
Lee, Joseph C. De La Cour, H. F. Hunt, N. T. 
Mulliner, B. H. Browning and Thomas Cochran. 

The trustees for 1886 are B. F. Archer, C. S. 
Crowell, W. F. Rose, Joseph H. Watson, Geo. 
Gerry White, L. Somers Risley and Wm. Post. 

The different preachers of Centenary Church, in 
order of succession, have been as follows : Revs. 
Henry Baker, D.D., William V. Kelley, D.D., 
D. A. Schock, J. B. Dobbins, D.D., Thos. H. 
Stockton, John Y^. Dobbins, John E. Adams, I. L. 
Sooy and I. S. Heisler. 

Centenary Methodist Episcopal Sabbath-school 
was organized April 8, 1866, in Morgan's Hall, 
southeast corner of Fourth and Market Streets, 
with an attendance of eighteen ofiicers and teach- 
ers and sixty-eight scholars. Joshua Peacock was 
elected superintendent, and Charles Sloan assist- 
ant superintendent. 

An infant department was formed April 22d, 
with thirteen scholars, under the direction of Mrs. 
Petherbridge. 

Joshua Peacock served as superintendent until 
May 4, 1873, when he was succeeded by Wm. T. 
Bailey, who has since filled the position, except 
from November 16, 1884, t<> May 6, 1885, during 
which time Wilbur F. Rose was superintendent. 

The school, in 1886, has three hundred and 
forty-tliree scholars, and forty-five officers and 
teachers. The present presiding officers are 
William T. Bailey, general superintendent ; Jo.shua 
Peacock, assistant superintendent; Harris Graf- 
fen, superintendent of the assembly ; Mrs. Ellen 
B. G. Hammell, superintendent of primaiy depart- 
ment. 

The Eighth Street Methodist Episcopal 
Church.— The history of the Eighth Street Church 
begins with a Mission Sunday-school under the 
care of the Broadway Church. This school, under 
the name of Paradise Mission, was organized in 
1859 in a building on Mount Vernon Street, used 
as a meat-shop and owned by John Paschal. At 
the time of the organization of the school John 
Collins was elected superintendent ; John S. Long, 
assistant and secretary ; Mr. Holmes, librarian ; 
Mittlin K. Long, treasurer, and Joseph HofHinger, 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



473 



John Paschal and Benjamin F. Long, teachers. 
Fifty children were immediately gathered into 
this school. The building had no chimney and 
was not plastered. The cold weather cmupelled 
the school to seek a more comfortable place, and 
the public school-bouse on Spruce Street was 
generously granted and the school held in it for 
several months. In 1860 a room or hall on Wal- 
nut Street, to the rear of the present church, was 
rented, and there the school convened until 1862, 
when a frame chapel was built where the church 
now stands. Under the charge of the presiding 
elder, A. K. Street, this chapel was dedicated by 
Kev. H. M. Brown, and the Sunday-school, then 
numbering one hundred members, moved into it. 
During 1862 Rev. R. S. Harris, pastor of the 
Broadway Methodist Episcopal Church, formed a 
class with John S.Long as leader, and thus ori- 
ginated the Eighth Street Methodist Episcopal 
Church. 

Regular services were conducted every Sunday, 
and during that winter extra meetings were held, 
which resulted in bringing many persons within 
the fold of the church. Encouraged by this suc- 
cess, in 1863 the Eighth Street Chapel, as it was 
then called, formed a mission in connection with 
Stockton and Newton, and the Conference appoint- 
ed Rev. Garner H. Tullis to take charge of this 
mission. The first year of his ministry was a suc- 
cessful one and brought eighty-three members, 
forty probationers and two hundred and twenty 
Sunday-school children within the mission. The 
Eighth Street Chapel then filed a certificate of 
incorporation, under the name of the Tullis 
Methodist Episcopal Church, by which name it 
has ever since been known, though called in Con- 
ference minutes as the Eighth Street Methodist 
Episcopal Church of Camden. In 1865 Rev. Da- 
vid McCurdy was appointed pastor and in 1866 
Rev. N. Walton succeeded him. In 1869 this 
church, which had from the first been associated 
with Broadway Church, separated from it and be- 
came a station. In 1873 W. C. Stockton became 
pastor and the chapel was enlarged and greatly 
improved, at a cost of one thousand dollars, 
through his exertions, and during the second year 
of his pastorate the foundation of the present large 
brick church building was built up to the second 
story and a temporary roof placed over it. It was 
not completed until 1880, at which time the church 
and grounds were valued at fifteen thousand dol- 
lars. Since this congregation separated from the 
Broadway Methodist Episcopal congregaiion the 
pastors who have served it were Revs. J. H. Nich- 
ols, J. I. Merrill, J. White, Jacob T. Price, W. C. 



Stockton, John R. Westwood, Willis Reeves, 
Ciarner H. Tullis, James H. Payson and William 
Walton, the present pastor. The history of this 
church has been promising from its first inception, 
and its future prospects are brighter than ever. 
With an increasing population about it and 
a large membership of more uniform piety, it can- 
not fail to accomplish its great mission. The 
membership at this time (1886) is three hundred 
and fifty-one, and the Sunday-school is in a fiour- 
ishing condition, having four hundred and fifty- 
one teachers and pupils, with E. S. Matlack as 
superintendent. 

Kaighn Avenue Methodist Episcopal 
Church. — The congregation that worships in 
this church is the outgrowth of a Mission Sunday- 
school started on Liberty Street, above Third, by 
members of the Union Methodist Episcopal 
Church. The membership of this mission school 
increased to three hundred, and it was deemed 
necessary to seek larger and more comfortable 
quarters. In 1879 a large blacksmith shop, on 
Front Street, below Kaighn Avenue, was procured 
and fitted up for Sunday-school purposes. Under 
the supervision of the Rev. William C. Stockton, 
a church society was formed, under the name of 
the Grace Methodist E|)iscopal Church, with thirty 
communicants, and a Sunday-school started with 
two hundred members, most of whom came from 
the mission school already mentioned. The 
religious services were held in the blacksmith- 
shop for seventeen months, and during the heated 
term in the summer of 1879 the congregation wor- 
shipped in a large tent on Kaighn Avenue, above 
Second Street. In 1880 Rev. John Boswell was 
appointed to the charge. The member»hi|) of 
school and church had greatly increased. A build- 
ing committee was appointed, and the same year the 
present church on Kaighn Avenue was commenced. 
The basement was built the same year, but the 
cold weather prevented the completion of the 
church, and a large frame pavilion, thirty by sixty 
feet, was put up within the walls and upon the 
lower joists for a foundation. In this the congre- 
gation woishipped until 1882, and in the mean 
time the work on the church progressed, the walls 
and roof covering the pavilion completely before 
it was taken down and removed. The congrega- 
tion then worshipped in a large tent which was 
put up at Third Street and Sycamore. 

On October 7, 1882, the church was dedicated by 
Bishop Hurst. The society had then two hundred 
and forty communicant members and about five 
hundred members in the Sunday-school. The 
Rev. B. C. Lippincott was the next minister, and 



474 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUxVTY, NEW JERSEY. 



was followed by the Rev. Charles F. Downs. In 
1885 the Rev. James E. Lake assumerl the i:h'irge 
of the congregation, and the naraeof Kaighn Ave- 
nue Methodist Episcopal Church was adopted. 
At this time there vva.s a large debt and they were 
unable to meet the payments. The church was 
threatened with dissolution, but Rev. James E. 
Lake determined to avert the calamity, and 
through his perseverance, by the large collections 
which he raised from contributions in other 
churches and by contributing largely from his own 
personal effects, he succeeded in liquidating the 
largest portion of the indebtedness, leaving only a 
small amount to be paid by the congregation. His 
earnest efforts in the behalf of his congregation 
have proved very successful. 

Bethany Methodist Episcopal Church. — 
January 9, 1881, in response to a call, about twenty 
persons assembled in the basement of a one-story 
building situated on the south side of Federal 
Street, near the railroad, and organized as the 
" Third Street Mission." The first board of officers 
was composed of Lewis R. Wheaton, Asa R. Cox 
and Charles Wentzell. The teachers appointed 
were Robert Miller and A. Busby. The accommo- 
dations at this place were very meagre, — a few 
wooden benches without backs, a small number of 
Bibles and reading-books, but the untiring efforts of 
the members of this mission were rewarded by the 
attendance of a large nu nber of scholars and ca- 
pable teachers. In 1882 the mission removed to a 
room on Ninth Street. It soon became necessary 
to remove to a larger room or hall. The committee 
secured the old store-house on Federal Street, near 
the railroad, at a rental of eight dollars per month, 
and fitted it up for services and Sunday-school 
purposes. This change was beneficial and success- 
ful to the mission and also to the school, and gave 
assured indication? of establishing a church. On 
June 11, 1884, the members who had attended 
these services separated from the Third Street 
Church and were organized into a church by Rev. 
J. B. Graw, D.D., and took the name of Bethany, 
which was suggested by Mrs. S. Moslander, who 
had taken an active interest in the welfare of the 
mission, and is at present a prominent member of 
the church. The Rev. J. D. Sleeper had been as- 
signed to the Camden mission, and it was believed 
that other missions would unite with them and 
miikc a fivir charge, but this could not be done, and 
in consequence he devoted all his time to this new 
church. In 1885 Rev. E. C. Hults was sent to 
look after the interests of Bethany, and before the 
close of the year a season of religious revival 
added a large number to the membership of the 



church. In ISSG Rev. R. Harris was assigned to 
this charge. A lot, at the corner of Tenth Street and 
Cooper was secured and a neat one-story building 
erected in 1880. The church membership is one 
hundred and fifty and the Sunday-school has one 
hundred and twenty-five scholars, under the care of 
E. Butler as superintendent. 

Scott Methodist Episcopal Church is lo- 
cated on Philip Street, above Ferry Avenue. The 
nucleus of this church was eight members of the 
old Wesley Church, who, in 1856, worshipped in 
the cellar of the hou-ic of Aaron Connor, on Kos- 
suth Street, for which they paid a rental of fifty 
cents a month. The services were conducted by 
Rev. Peter Wise, of the John Wesley Church, of 
Philadelphia. In 1857 they worshipped in the 
house of Mrs. Lyons, on Hooly Street (now 
Eighth). In 1858 a one-story frame church build- 
ing was erected on Eighth Street and paid for by 
the original eight members, who instituted a num- 
ber of camp-meetings, known as two days' meetings 
and also held entertainments. The church was 
built by James Peacock and finished in 1858; the 
Rev. Plenry A. Brown officiated at the dedicatory 
services. The pastors of this congregation, in 
order of succession, have been Revs. Peter Wise, 
Isaac Henson, Robert Robinson, Wilmer Elsey, 
Isaiah Broughton, Stephen Johns, John Marshall, 
Peter Burrough and John S. Holly. During the 
first year of the ministry of Rev. J. S. Holly the 
initiatory steps were taken to build a larger church, 
the old one being too small to accommodate the con- 
gregation and Sunday-school. In 1882 the present 
brick church was erected on Philip Street, above 
Ferry Avenue. This church is two stories in 
height, with basement rooms, large auditorium 
in the second story and large gallery across the 
front, and cost six thousand five hundred dollars. 
The congregation has one hundred and thirty 
communicants, the Sunday-school one hundred 
members, of which Lawrence Rhoads is the super- 
intendent. Rev. John Hubbard succeeded Rev. 
J. S. Holly and the present minister of the congre- 
gation is Rev. John J. Campbell. 

Macedonia Methodist Episcopal Church 
of Camden is situated on Spruce Street, below 
Third. In 1832 Mrs. Anna George, a resident of 
South Camden, began a series of prayer-meetings 
in different houses on Spruce Street, below Third, 
and at the meeting in the house of Benjamin 
Wilson resolutions were adopted for the building 
of a small church. In 1833 the corner-stone was 
laid, and the church, a one-story frame building, 
twenty by thirty feet, was completed and dedicated 
with ap])ropriate ceremonies by the Rev. .Toseph 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



475 



Caul. This church was the first one built by any 
congregation of colored people in Camden County. 
Historic as it was, for the reason first mentioned, it 
was destroyed by fire in 1837. A brick church, 
thirty by forty feet, was then built on the site of 
the one destroyed, and finished in 1838. At this 
time there were thirty-four members of the church 
and twenty-six children in the Sunday-school. 
In 1850 the church was rebuilt with larger di- 
mensions to meet the wants of the increasing 
membership. Between 1850 and 1883 the congre- 
gation enjoyed a prosperous and steady gain in 
membership. In 1882 the land adjoining the 
church, thirty by one hundred feet, was purchased, 
and in 1883 a two-story brick building, forty by 
seventy-five feet, was built by James Aspen, con- 
tractor, with basement , auditorium and front 
gallery. It has a seating capacity of eight hun- 
dred persons. This church was dedicated by 
Bishop Campbell. There were then two hundred 
and forty communicant members in the congrega- 
tion and one hundred and fifty-five pupils in the 
Sunday-school, with William S. Darr as the 
superintendent. The ministers of this church, in 
succession have been as follows : Revs. Richard 
Williams, John Cornish, Joshua Woodlin, John 
Boggs, Israel Scott, George Grinley, Henry Davis, 
Abraham Crippin, William D. Schureman, James 
Fuller, George W. Johnson, George E. Boyer, 
Theophilus Stewart, Leonard Patterson, Frisby J. 
Cooper, Jeremiah Turpin, Michael F. Sluby, 
Robert J. Long, John W. Cooper, P. L. Stanford, 
William H. Yocum and A. H. Newton, the present 
pastor. 

At this date (1886) the church has two hundred 
and seventy-six members on its roll and there are 
one hundred and seventy-four members in the 
Sunday-school, under Samuel Hunt as superin- 
tendent. 

ZioN Wesley Church is situated on the 
corner of Ann Street and Sycamore. It was 
first known as the Wesley Church. The congre- 
gation is the outgrowth of a number of prayer- 
meetings which were held in different houses in the 
vicinity of the church in 1851 and 1852. The first 
meeting was held in the house of William Christo- 
pher, on Kaighn Avenue. The ministers who 
ofliciated at the original meetings were Revs. 
George Johnson and Mrs. Mary Adams. The 
latter had been a missionary to Africa for five 
years, took a great interest in the endeavor to 
organize a church society and collected fuuds to 
purchase a lot as a site for a church building. In 
1853 funds had been raised to build a one-story 
frame church, which was completed the same year 



and dedicated by Bishop Clinton, of Philadelphia. 
Thirty-five [)ersons joined the church, and a Sun- 
day-school was started with forty members in 
attendance. The church was soon after rebuilt 
with greater dimensions, but as the church records 
are incomplete, the exact date of rebuilding is 
unknown. In 1880 the old church building was 
taken down and a large two-story brick one, forty 
by seventy feet, with vestry rooms and gallery, was 
built, and dedicated with the present name of 
Zion Wesley Church. The congregation was then 
under the pastoral care of Rev. Joseph P. Thomp- 
son. The ministers who have been assigned by 
Conference to this charge are Revs. Thomas 
Castor, George Johnson, Arthur J. Scott, William 
H. Blackston, George Hilton, George Bausley, J. 
B. Truster, Joseph P.Thompson, Andrew Jackson, 
Abraham Anderson and John H. White. The 
congregation in 188i) has one hundred and thirty 
members. The Sunday-school has eighty pupils. 
Bethel Methodist Episcopal Church is 
situated on Maple Street, below Ferry Avenue. 
This congregation originated from a small Sunday- 
school and series of prayer-meetings which were 
held in the house of John Morris, on South Street, 
in 18G3, and in a tent which was put up on the 
site where the present church has been built. In 
1864 suflicient money was collected to enable the 
young congregation to purchase this small lot and 
build a one-story frame church. The builder, 
Adam Sparrow, completed it in 1864. It was 
dedicated the same year. Bishop Campbell of- 
ficiating at the dedicatory services. The Rev. 
John Boyer was the first pastor, and the congre- 
gation increased under his ministry, as also the 
Sunday-school under the superintendence of 
James Dicks. The ministers who have served 
here in succession since the time of organization 
have been Rev. John Boyer, Elders Watson, 
Cooper, Sluby, Garrison, Turner, William, Sturgis 
and Mills, Rev. John Whitecar and Rev. Josiah 
Smith, the present pastor. The church now has 
eighty communicants ; the Sunday-school has 
forty-two members. Daniel Emmons is the super- 
intendent. 

Union American Methodist Episcopal 
Church, Chestnut Street, above Seventh, was 
founded by Rev. Peter Spencer, of Wilmington, 
Del., and it is known as a branch of the African 
Union Church, of that city. In 1853 a series of 
prayer-meetings were conducted in the house of 
D. Butler, on Newton Street, also in the houses of 
Sarah Stewart and Sarah Wheeler, under the di- 
rection of Rev. John Reed. In 1855 funds were 
collected, and a small frame house on Newton 



476 



HISTOllY OF CAMDEN COUNTV, NEW JERSEY. 



Street, above Seventh, was purchased, and moved 
to a site near the corner of Ann Street and Newton 
Street. It was then converted into a small church 
by building an addition to the rear of it, and other 
improvements were added. A large number of 
communicants were admitted to membership in the 
newly-formed society, and the Sunday-school grew 
j'nd prospered under the direction of Christopher 
Berry. The original building in which these peo- 
ple worshipped was too small ; hence.in 1879, itwiis 
decided to build a larger and more convenient 
church. Under the auspices of a building commit- 
tee, the present large two-story brick church, forty 
by seventy feet, was built in 1880 and dedicated by 
Bishop Ramsey, of Woodstown, N. J. The relig- 
ious services of this church are yet conducted in 
the large basement-room of the church building; 
the auditorium on the second floor, though, will 
soon be completed. The first pastor who minis- 
tered to the wants of this congregation was the 
Rev. Henry Mood, who was followed by Rev. Isaac 
Williams, and he by the present pastor, Rev. 
Asbury Smith. The church membership is about 
one hundred. In the Sunday-school, of which 
William Saunders is superintendent, there are 
eighty children. At the time of the dedication of 
ihe new church the name of the " African Union 
Church '' was changed to " Union American Meth- 
odist Episcopal Church." 

Memorial Methodist Protestant Church 
is situated on Liberty Street, above Third. Relig- 
ious services of this denomination were first held 
weekly in Camden, in 1865, at the the house of Mrs. 
Robinson and Mrs. Salinda Smith, on Kaighn 
Avenue, which resulted in effecting an organiza- 
tion, and during the fall of 1865 the newly- 
formed society obtained the use of the second 
story of a frame building at Second Street and Pine, 
owned by the City Fire Department. Rev. Frank 
Fletcher, the first pastor, by the end of the first 
year, had secured a church membership of ninety 
communicants and established a Sunday-school in 
connection with the congregation. In 1866 a 
church building, thirty-two by forty-eight feet, 
was erected on Broadway, below Kaighn Avenue, 
and the Rev. Boston Corbett ' was chosen the second 
2>astor. 

In 1867 Rev. William Staulcup became pastor, 
continued until 1874 and was succeeded by Rev. 
J. K. Freed, during whose ministry a new brick 
church, forty by sixty feet, was built upon the site 
of the old one. In 1877 Rev. C. Applegate suc- 

1 Sergeant Boston Corbett, above mentioned, ie the person who, 
as a soldier, shut John Willies Booth, the osstusin of President 
Abraham Lincoln. 



ceeded, and in 1879 the Rev. William Staulcup 
was returned to this congregation. At this period 
an exchange of the original church building 
wa-s made for a desirable church and grounds 
on Liberty Street, above Third. The building 
thus obtained had previously been used by a 
mission under the auspices of the Fifth Street 
Church. The exchange enabled the congregation 
to cancel all indebtedness. In 1883 Rev. John 
Clark became pastor, but on account of his sickness 
the charge of the congregation was transferred 
to his grandson, Rev. Robert Sinkinson, who served 
until his grandfather's death, in 1885. Under 
his ministrations over one hundred members were 
added to the church, and the Sunday-school, under 
the care of Frank Fennimore as superintendent, 
had increased in number to three hundred mem- 
bers. In January, 1886, Rev. Charles D. Sinkin- 
son, brother of the previous pastor, was assigned to 
this pastoral charge. During the past year (1886) 
the church building was extended forty feet to the 
rear, with a deep recess and an additional story 
added; when thus completed, it will have a seat- 
ing capacity for si.x hundred persons. The present 
membership is two hundred and forty, and the 
Sunday-school has three hundred and fifty mem- 
bers, with Theodore Darnell as superintendent. 

The First Baptist Church of Camden.^ — 
Early in the present century a few Baptists from 
Cohansey settled in Camden. They promptly united 
with the First Baptist Church of Philadelphia, 
and, notwithstanding the difficulties and dangers 
of crossing the Delaware (with the rude facilities 
of the time), regularly attended its services. But 
provision for their own spiritual needs did not ex- 
haust their sense of obligation. Loyalty to God 
and His truth, and an ardent desire for the salva- 
tion of men, demanded of them the preaching of 
the gospel to their own townsmen. 

The Village Academy, located at Sixth and 
Market Streets, was their first public meeting-place. 
There, under the occasional ministry of Rev. Henry 
Halcomb, D.D., of Philadelphia, and others, be- 
gan the work of the Baptist denomination in what 
is now the city of Camden. Soon a strong oppo- 
sition revealed itself, that closed the doors of the 
Academy against the little band, whose only of- 
fense was faithful adherence to Scriptural teaching 
and practice. 

Though subjected to great inconvenience by 
this privation, they pushed forward the work to 
which they believed God had called them with un- 
daunted purpose and unabated ardor. Private 

2B}- Rev. I. C. Wynn, D.D. 



THE CITY OF f'AMDKN. 



477 



houses were opened, and in them the villagers 
were invited to meet for prayer and t'otirerenee, 
and to listen to the preaching of the gospel. 

3'he first church organization was etl'ected Feb- 
ruary 5, 1818. Its constituents were Silvaiius 
Sheppard, Phiebe Sheppaid, Richanl .Inlnison, 
Ann Johnson, Isaac Smith, Hannah Ludlam ami 
Eleanor Sheppard. These all came by letters of 
dismission from the First Church of Philadel|)hia. 
At the same time Silvanus Sheppard and liichard 
Johnson were elected to the diaconate and or- 
dained. Before the close of 1818, through the 
self-saeriticing eflbrts of this heroic little band, 
the first modest meeting-house rose im the site 
now occupied bv the Fli;>T ('iii'Rrir. 



'I'licyear 1842 witnessed the completion of a two- 
story brick building on the site of the modest struc- 
ture that for more than twenty years had been the 
home of the church; and the little company of 
seven had grown to two hundred and ten. The 
]iastorate of Kev. Thomas R.Taylor began in 1843 
and continued tolS.")-t. It was a period of pros- 
perity and growth to the church. Other pastor- 
ates had been efficient, considering their brevity. 
Mr. Taylor's incumbeney was the first that was 
sufficiently protracted to establish wise methods of 
work in the church, or to measure the pastor's 
personal iulluence upon llic community. 

In 18-18 forty-four members were dismissed to 
constitute the "Scccuul IJaptist Church of Cam- 




FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. 

At this time the cause received valuable aid from 
the frequent visits and earnest labors of I!e,v..lobn 
Sisty, of Haddontield. In the early years of its 
history the growth of the church was greatly hin- 
dered by the frequent change of pastors, and by 
long pastorless periods. From the year of its con- 
stitution (1818) to 1SI!2 it was identified with the 
"New Jersey Baptist Association," and at tbc^ end 
of that period reported a membership of thirty- 
seven. The church then withdrew from the New 
Jersey Baptist A-ssociation and became a constitu- 
ent of the Central Union Association of I'ennsyl- 
vania, organized July 81, 1832. Inl83!)it relumed 
to the association in New-Iersey, with a member- 
ship of one hundred and fifty-eight. 
57 



In the twelve years from 1804 to I8()() five pas- 
lorates were crowded. Notwithstanding the fre- 
i|uent change of leaders, the church continued to 
prosiier. In ISSi) it gave thirty-seven members to 
constitute the "North Baptist Church." In 1861 
one hundred and lifly-Hve communicants withdrew 
lo constitute the "■Tabernacle Baptist (^Ihurch." 
In 1S(>0 the seeond house was razed, and the pres- 
ent substantial and commodious building was 
completed and dedicated in 18fi4. 

In 1871 a nundier of communicants withdrew 
and constituted the "Trinity Baptist Church," 
jierfccting their organization in 1872. 

In Aiiril, 1871, negotiations began looking to 
the union of the First and Tabernacle Churche-i. 
The latter, under the pastorates of Rev. A. Karl, 
Riv. P. I,. I>avis and Rev. I. C. Wynn, had en- 
joy<'<l leu years of harmonious and successful ac- 
(ivily, and reijorted a niendiershi]> of two hundred 
and seventy-nine. 

Fending the final di-cisioji of an involved legal 
issue and necessary legislation, the two congrega- 
tions worshipped together in the house of the First 
Church from .Inne 4, 1871, lo April 1, 1872, when 
the union was consuniinaled, under the title of the 
■' I'ourth Street Baptist Church, of Camden," with 
.■ui aggregate membershi|> of three hundred and 
fifty-one. On the Kith of April, 1883, the corporate 
title was ehanged to "The First Maptist Church 
of Camden, N. .)." 

The biuiidicent influence of this union has been 
felt lieyond the limits of the resultant church. It 
has lessened necessary home expenses, and lib- 
erated funds to be api)lied lo the mission work of 
the denomin.'ition. Since the union the life of the 
cluirch has been healthful and vigorous. Its finan- 
cial iiilcrests havi' been elKciently managed; 
$iii!,202.73 have been I'xpcudcd in the improve- 
nu'nt of the projicrty ui' the churidi and in the 



478 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



maintenauce of its ministries at home, and 
$y(;06.81 have heen devoted to the various forms 
of benevolent activity abroad. 

During the period from April 1, 1872, to July 
31, 1886, the accessions to the membership have 
been: By baptism, two hundred and sixty-seven ; 
by letter, two hundred and seventy-one; by experi- 
ence, twenty-two; by restoration, sixteen, — total, 
five hundred and seventy-six. The reductions 
have been: By death, ninety-eight; by letter, one 
hundred and sixty-nine ; by erasure, thirty-four ; by 
exclusion, sixty-six, — total, three hundred and 
sixty-seven. The net increase has been two hun- 
dred and nine, giving a [iresent membership of 
five hundred and sixty. 

The church has given special emphasis to Bible 
school work, and in addition to its home school 
has, for the last five years, sustained a flourishing 
mission in the southern part of the city. They 
have an enrollment of seventy otHcers and teach- 
ers, and six hundreil and thirty scholars. 



Daniel James, May, 1818, to November. 1818. 
John P. Cooper, December, 1818, to March, 1819. 
Thomas .1. Kitts, December, 1819, to March, 1822. 
Charles J. Hopkius, March, 1823, to Jul.v, ISii. 
Robert Comptoii, September, 18211, to September, 1832. 
Amasa Smith, .lanuary, l«:i3, to Sopteiuber, 1833. 
Williaui S. Hall, November, 1833, to May, 1834. 
Thoma>4 C. Teastiale, January, 1835, to October, 18;i5. 
Joseph Sheppard, -'\ngust, 183(5, to IMay, 1838. 
N. B. Tindall, .\neust, 1838, to September, 1841. 
William W. Smith, December, 1841, to September, 1812. 
Thomas K. Taylor, November, 1842, to January, Is.'il. 
John Duncjin, May, 1854, to 1857. 
S. H. Mirick, December, 1857, to 1858. 
George R. Darrow, from 1S50 to 1860. 
G. G. Ferguson, from 18«(1 to 1862. 
B. F. Hedden, from 1862 to 1866. 
F. B. Hose, from 1866 to 1870. 
I. 0. Wynn, from 1870. 

Present Ojticfrs: Pastor, Isaac O. Wynn, D.D. ; 
Deacons, Adam Angel, David I^ack, Ellvvood 
K. Fortiner, Stacy (^taunt, Charles PI Young, 
E. M. Howard, M.D., Morris W. Hall; Trus- 
tees, Yolney G. Bennett, E. A. Armstrong, A. t^. 
INIorton, Edward H. Bryan, S. F. Rudderow, C. 
K. Middleton, William C. Scudder ; Clerk, Charles 
A. Morton ; Treasurer, Samuel 6. Rudderow. 

Rkv. Isaac Caldwkll Wynn, D.D., the second 
son of Benjamin I. Wynn and Susan N. Ray 
Wynn, was liorn near Millvillc, Cumberland 
County, N. J., on a farm, February 22, LS.'W. His 
early education was principally obtained under 
the tutorship of his father, who, in the intervals of 
business, devoted his attention to the education of 
his children. He afterwards entered the univer- 
sity at Lcwisbnrgh, Pa., and was graduated in 



1858. For ten years after his graduation he was 
engaged in teaching, a profession to which he 
had intended devoting his life and in which he was 
very successful. He occupied in this time Uie 
chair of natural science* in the Upland Normal 
School and was the principal of the classical 
academies at Lewisburgh and Danville, all in 
Pennsylvania. In 1868 he was regularly ordained 
a Baptist minister, and took charge as pastor of 
the Baptist Church at Hatboro', Montgomery 
County, Pa. He remained as paslor there until 
July 1, 1S70, when he entered the pastorate of the 
Tabernacle Baptist Church in Camden, going with 
it in its union with the First Baptist Church. He 
received, in the year 1879, the degree of Doctor of 
Divinity from the university at Lewisburgh. In 
1885 the Legislature of New Jersey elected him 
one of the trustees of the State Normal School, 
which made him rx-oj/irio a member of the State 
Board of Education. His services here have been 
greatly appreciated by his colleagues and by State 
officers. For his piety, his learning, his eloquence 
as a preacher and the fraternal affection with 
which he discharges the duties of his office as 
pastor, he has won the love of his entire church 
and the respect and esteem of the whole com- 
munity. His pastorate is the longest continuous 
one in the West New .lersey Baptist Association. 
Dr. Wynn's wife is a daughter of the Rev. Wil- 
liam P. Maul. They have no children. 

The Second Baptist Church was constituted 
in 1848 with forty-six constituent members, mostly 
from the First Baptist Church, Camden. Thomas 
Shields and Joseph Matlack were the first dea- 
cons. The church built a two-story brick meeting- 
house on the southeast corner of Fourth and Divi- 
sion Streets, which they sold, in 18(57, to the Roman 
Catholic Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, and 
erected a meeting-house on the southwest corner 
of Fourth and Mount Vernon, of brick, two stories 
high and costing, with ground, eighteen thousand 
dollars. This they still occui)y. When the loca- 
tion was changed, in 18()7, a large number of the 
members, including the pastor, Mark R. Watkin- 
son, withdrew and formed the Broadway Baptist 
Church. The membership now numbers one hun- 
dred and thirty. These have been pastoi-.s,— - 
Matthew M. Kemple, M.D., ThoniiUi C. Trotter, 
Alexander Clark, Thomas Goodwin, Francis Cail- 
hopper, .lohn C. Hyde, Mark R. Watkinson, 
Charles W. Dcitz, Samuel Hughes, William W. 
Dalbey, Matthew AI. Finch, Frank B. Rose (sup- 
l)ly), William Lawrence, John D. Flansburg. 

Tmuii Baptist CntutCH is situated on Broad- 
way, above Vanhook Street. July 14, 1852, Jon- 



THE PITY OP CAMDEN. 



479 



athan J. Cox, Harry Blaiiford, .loliii Sliill, .luliii 
Shield, Benjamin Muir, Benjamin BallanI, Aljiics 
Shill, Matilda Shill and Matilda Ballard, piinii- 
pally members of the Second Baptist Church of 
Camden, and Rev. Thomas C. Trotter, the pastor, 
met at the house of John Shill, in Stockton, and 
fdrrned "The Baptist Society," of which Datus 
Drury, B. Ballard aud T. C. Trotter were ap|)ointed 
a liuilding committee. August ISth, a Sunday -.school 
w;i.s organized with J. J. Cok superintendent, 
and Harry Blanford, Matilda Shill, l\rr. and xMrs. 
Ba.sford and Lizzie Price as teachers. The school 
continued to meet at the house of John Shill and 
the society at J.J. Cox's, on Ferry road, until 
18r)4, when the meeting-house, on Vanhook Street, 
near Sixth, was completed. Among those who 
preached for this society were Kevs. Thomas (!. 
Tintter, Edward G. Taylor, David Spencer and 
John Sisty. The society prospered, and resolving 
to form a church, met Augu.st 1, 1805, and consti- 
tuted the " Stockton Baptist Church," composed 
of the following-named members : Jonathan Cox, 
John C. Taylor, Harry Blanford, John Jones, 
Rebecca Fults, James Jones, Mary K. Cox, Mary 
Ann Taylor, Matilda Blanford, Mary Jones, Mar- 
garet Ewell and Elizabeth Ewell. On August 6th 
of the same year a council, with Rev. John Dun- 
can, D.D., of Camden, as moderator, was called, at 
which the young church was recognized and ad- 
mitted into the fellowship of the West New Jersey 
Baptist Association. The church procui'ed suji- 
plies for nmny years, among whom were Revs. 
William James, John E. Barnes, Walter Patton 
an<l Adam Hayberry. In 1861 Rev. E. V. Glover, 
who had been serving the church, assumed the 
pastorate, and, by his earnestness and helpful ways, 
did much for his people during his stay of fifteen 
years. In 1863 the old meeting-house was sold to 
the Church of Our Saviour, aud a new one of 
brick, with a seating capacity of four hundred, 
built on the site now occupied. In 1S71 Stockton 
was annexed as the Eighth Ward of Camden, and 
an act was obtained from the Legislature changing 
the name of this society to the Third Baptist 
C'hurch of Camden. Mr. Glover resigniritr in 
1 876, Rev. George H. MacClelland filled the pulpit 
until February, 1877, when Reece W. Perkins, 
then pursuing a post-graduate course in Crozer 
Theological Seminary, accepted a call, and being 
ordained, became the pastor. In 1880 a large 
addition of brick, twenty-five by sixty feet, placed 
transversely in the rear, for Sunday-school pur- 
jioses, was built and the main structure renovated, 
chiefly under the direction of James F. Baird, 
who, one of the first, had also been one of the 



most helpful members. Iliuler the pastorate of 
Rev. Mr. Perkins, the church lias grown from a 
weak, struggling interest, needing constant assist- 
ance, to a strong, self-reliant body, helping others. 
It has two promising young men studying for the 
ministry, — JamesS. Braker, at lycwisburgh Univer- 
sity, and Charles E. Woodrull", son of the late 
Elmer C. R. Woodruff, who for many years was a 
stanch pillar of the church. Under the efhcient 
labor of the present pastor, the <lebt has been de- 
creased to a nominal amount, the contributions 
have tripled aud the membership more than dou- 
liled, now numbering two hundred and twenty ; 
while the Sunday-school, under the superintend- 
eucy of Theodore B. Davis, numbers three hun- 
dred pupils, with twenty-five oflicers and teachers. 
The officers of the church are, — Pastor, Rev. Reece 
W. Perkins: Clerk, Charles E. Woodruff; Treas- 
urer, Theodore B. Davis; Deacons, William 
Wright, William E. Gilling, T. I!. Da vi.s. George 
T. Clarke; Trustees, William C. Clarke, Elmer E. 
Wright, Levi B. Jess, .\rthur Cmuch, William H. 
Smith, George J. Stites and .lohn W. Whitecar. 

North Bai'TIst CiiiKrii.'— In IS.m Rev. E. V. 
txlover and Sirs. H. P. Hale, members of the First 
Baptist Church of (,!amden, began a series of meet- 
ings in private houses remote from thcchurch, de- 
signed for the benefit of infirm and indifferent mem- 
bers whoseldom enjoyed the .services of the church. 
In the search for a suitable place for holding meet- 
ings in the vicinity of Coopers Point, a large popu- 
lation was found destitute of both religious aud sec- 
ular instruction. In 18r)() an attempt to establish 
a Sunday-school failed for wantof a suitaldc room. 
In 1857 a large hall in the silk-factory on the 
northwest corner of Front Street and Pearl was 
offered gratuitously by the proprietor, German 
Foss, in which to hold a Sunday-school. Sep- 
tember 7, 1859, an organization was eflected by 
choosing Rev. E. V. Glover, superintendent ; 
Adam Angell, assistant; Henry Samuel, secre- 
tary and librarian ; Mrs. H. P. Hale, su)>erinten- 
dent of the infaut department. The following 
were appointed teachers: Joseph Whitman, Mrs. 
Louisa Hindle, Mrs. Anna Briggs, Miss Louisa 
Woolston, Mrs. H. Foss and Miss Addie MeCul- 
ly. The school began with eighty-eight scholars. 
It continued to meet in the silk-factory until 
January, 1859, when it was transferred to the fac- 
tory of E. W. Williamson, corner of Second Street 
and Birch, where it wjis held until July 31, 
1859. The influence of the school made itself 
manifest aud the number of members rapidly 
increased. 

' By Kev. W. '1'. Hums. 



480 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



An equally imjiortaiit fUi-tor in the new enter- 
prise was the meeting for adults begun on Sun- 
day, October IS, 1857, and continued, on Sunday 
at the hall and on Tuesday at the residence of Mr. 
Ellis, on Birch Street, until the removal to the 
building of Mr. Williamson. 

The need of larger and permanent quarters had 
now become so pressing that on January 2(1, IS")!*, 
the First Baptist Church appointed Rev. 10. V. 
Glover, J. D. Tustin and J. S. Colliugs to take 
proper steps to procure a suitable house. E. K. 
Fortiner was afterwards added to the number, and 
aided greatly in the erection of the new building, 
which was situated on Elm Street, below Second, 
and was dedicated July ai, 1859, On the iOth of 
November, 1859, at the house of Kev. E. V. 
Glover, a meeting was held, of which Rev. E. V. 
Glover was chairman and J. D. Tustin clerk, for 




,\(M;rii KAi'Tisr iiri'Ri'H. 

Ilu'inirposeof orfjaniziniiu eburc-h. ft wns oiilci'cd 
by the vote of the meeting that steps be taken at 
once for forming a church ; that a council of 
churches be called for November 22d ; that the name 
"North Baptist Church of Camden, N. .1.," be 
adopted; that the articles of faith and church 
covenant as contained in the Baptist Church Man- 
ual, by Rev. J. Newton Brown, be adopted ; that 
regular services be held on Sunday morning ami 
evening and on Tuesday and Eriday evenings ; and 
that Bro. E. S. Read be employed to labor as a 
colporteur for one month from November 8th, at a 
salary of five dollars per week. The church thus 
organized was recognized by a council of 



churches held Novenil)cr 29th, and the services in 
recognition of the new church were conducted at 
the First Baptist Church by Revs. G. G. Ferguson, 
E. D. Fendall, J. E. Wilson, F. T. Cailhopper 
and J. Hyatt Smith. 

The names of thirty-seven members thus recog- 
nized as the North Baptist Church of Camden 
are these, — 

Elisha V. Glovor. Matilda 1!. Glover. Amelia M. Glovei-. 

E. V. Glover, Jr. (Jeoruc Glover. .Joseph H. Kain. 

Catherine Kain. Emeline Lewis. .loseph T. Rowand. 

Lydia Rowand. Mary E. Rowand. 

AnnaM. liriggs. Margaiet Vanshan. 



.lohn D. Tustiu. Susanna A. Tnslin. 

Eliza. E. TuBtin. Matilda Chism. 

Stacy Gaunt. V. P. Middletoii, 

Susan Cowan. Poborah Cowan. 

Peninali Nasti. Barbara Nasli. 

Wm. H. Tash. Agnes Nash. 

Adalinc McCully. Anna Campbell. 

Georgianna Tice. 



Harriet P. Hale. 
Eliza Vanshan. 
Mary E. Tustin. 
Edwai"d A. Miles. 
Aahly R. Lucas. 
.1. Stokes Xa.sli. 
So]diia B. Xash. 
Edward C. Hale. 
Mary Anna Ranger 



Of these original thirty-seven, si.x aie still mem- 
bers. The church began its history with a small 
body, but with a live root ; and this living root, 
planted in a favorable place, soon showed a vigor- 
ous growth. On December 2, 1859, Rev. R. S. 
James, D.D., was called to the pastorate, began 
January I, bSGO, and continued till the last Sunday 
in 18(53, when the church, having decided on the 
erection of a larger meeting-house, and Dr. James 
.feeling his strength unequal to the extra labor 
involved, resigned, and on January 12, 1804, Rev. 
S. C. Dare, previously pastor of the church at 
Cureton, N. J., was chosen. During this pa.stor- 
ate the present church edifice, corner of Second 
Street and Pearl, was built at a cost of about 
thirty-five thousand dollars and the church was 
largely prospered in spiritual as well as in tempo- 
ral matters. Mr. Dare resigned February ItJ, 18(18, 
and on March 28, 1868, Rev. A. (i. Thomas, pas- 
tor of the church at Mount Holly, was unani- 
mously elected to til ejiastorate. His administration 
continued until December 25, 1870, when, in con- 
sequence of a serious affection of the throat, he re- 
signed. Kev. J. E. Chambles, of Baltimore, was 
called to become pastor March S, 1871. He began 
his work the 1st of April ensuing and continued 
until May 1, 1873. On July 9, 1873, a call was ex- 
tended to Rev. R. G. Mo.ses, lately of Plymouth, 
England. During this pastorate, which continued 
for eight ycar.s, one hundred and sixty-eight were 
added to the cluiich, a new mission building was 
built at a cost of four thousand dollars and large 
improvements were made in the meeting-house. 
This pastorate ended with the year 1881. 

April 4, 1882, a call wase.xtended to Kev. A. E. 
Rose, pastor of the First Baptist Church of Brad- 



THK (MTV (IF CAMDEN. 



4S1 



foni, i'a. Mr. Rose bepm his pastorate A|iril '.I, 
1S82. The membership of thechureh was increased 
liy an addition of one hundred and sixty — one 
luindred and twenty-four by baptism, thirty-tive 
liy letter and one by experience. A new organ, 
costing two thousand doUars, was placed in the 
gallery. Mr. Rose resigned his pastorate, to take 
ettcct August .5, 1883. 

On December 10, 1883, a call was extended to 
Rev. W. T. Burns, pastor of the First Bajitist 
Church of Lynn, Mass., which was accepted, and 
Air. Burns began his pastorate February 1, 1884. 
During this pastorate one hundred and sixty-eight 
have been added to the church. Of these, one 
luindred and ten havejoined by baptism, forty -five by 
letter, twelve by experience and one by restoration. 
.\m addition has been made to the property of a 
building for the primary department, costing three 
thousand dollars; a church library of two thousand 
volumes, costing about two thousand dollars, and 
involving alteratiwis costing one thousand dollars 
more, has been added. A library-.sustaining fund 
of five huadred dollars a year, for five years to 
come, has (ISSti) been subscribed. 

The enlarged accommodations furnished the 
Sunday-school by the building of the annex for 
the primary department, have been taken uj) by the 
growth of the school, the average attendance foi- 
May, 1886, showing an advance of twenty-one per 
cent, over that of May, 1885. The growth of the 
school is largely due to the energy and faithful 
[lersonal attention to its work of the superintend- 
ent, F. W. Ayer, seconded by a faithful and well- 
disciplined corps of teachers. In December, 188o, 
letters were granted to fifty-three members of this 
church for the purpose of uniting to organize the 
Linden Baptist Church, to be situated at the cor- 
ner of Ninth Street and Linden. Notwitlistand- 
iiig this large subtraction from the ndl of the 
church, the vacant places have been very rapidiv 
tilled. 

The Broadway Baptist CHtiEcii was located 
at Broadway and Cherry Street and was consti- 
tuted in April, 1867, by Rev. Mark R. Watkinson, 
tlie ])astor, and forty-seven members of the Second 
I!:iptist (Jhurch, who, withdrawing therefrom, 
formed the new church, with John B. Stygale, 
.lohn (Jsler and Augustus M. Cris.sy, deacons. The 
ground on Broadway, below Spruce, was obtained, 
and on the St. John Street front was erected a 
lirick building, in which the society worshipped 
until 1870, when a stone meeting-house was built 
on the Broadway end of the lot, at a cost of nearly 
eighteen thousand dollars. The jiastors who 
served this church were Revs. Mark R. Watkin- 



son, K. I';vere<l Jones, Charles .lohnscin, Andrew 
J. Day, K. Dallas Stagers. 

In OctolH'r, 1S77. the church disbanded, and the 
pastor, liev. I",. D. Stagers, with thirty-six of the 
memlx-rs, united and constituted the Tabernacle 
Baptist Church. 

Till-. TAHiciiXAci.i-. Bai'tist Ciurch was con- 
stituted in (Jetoher, 1877, when the pastor and 
thirty-six of the members of the Tabernacle 
Chnrch met in a building on Stevens Street, below 
Fifth, now the projjerty of Hatcj) Post, No. 37, G. 
A. R., and formed (he new organization. The 
original members were Rev. E. Dallas Stagers, 
Williiim S. Kain, Rebecca A. Kain, William W. 
Kain, Isaac N. Hugg, M.D., Sallie D. Hugg, Re- 
becca S. Brooks, Harriet S. lirooks, Letitia R. 
Brooks, Abigail hrooks, Sallie M. S. Brooks, El- 
len R. Brooks, Lavinia Brooks, Israel Pierson, Er- 
mina Pierson, Martha Turner, Deborah Webster, 
Hannah Webster, Mary J. Cordrey, Mary V. S. 
Drury, Nettie Drury, Stacy Doran, Caroline Do- 
ran, Mary Jones, Rachel (rritlin. Elizabeth Long- 
head, Amanda Letourneu, .lohn Miller, Nettie 
Miller, Jane E. McCay, .Abigail PlatI, Emma 
t-iuick, Anna (jnick, E. E. Wheeler, Emma Selah, 
Mary E. Fish. 

Rev. E. D. Stagers was chosen pastor, William 
S. Kain and John Miller were elected deacons and 
William W. Kain church clerk. 

The church was recognized by a council of 
Baptist Churches September 2, 1878, and remained 
in their first location until 1880, when they rented 
the church ei'ected by the Broadway (lUrurch in 
1870. The church at this time numbered sixty- 
eight members. Mr. Stagers continued its jiastor 
until April 4, 18S1, when he resigned and accepted 
a call to the Baptist ('hurch at Woodstowu, Salem 
County, where, on Sumlay, Xovember 27. 18SI, as 
he finished his morning sermon, he was stricken 
with apoplexy and in a few moments died. 

After Mr. Stagers left, the pulpit was supplied 
by several persons until 1882, when Isaac W. 
Baglcy, a student at Lewisburgh University and a 
licentiate of the Fourth Baptist (!hurcli, Philadel- 
phia, accepted a call as stated supjily and began 
his labors at that time. The church was in a lan- 
guishing condition and the membership so scat- 
tered that le.ss than twenty were found under Mr. 
Bagley's ministry. However, the church revived 
and the membershi|i increased. 

April 4, 1886, the church elected irnslees and 
became iucor|)orated, having pHrchase<l the build- 
ing (before that time rented) ami with subscription 
lists sufficient to p.ay for it. Its seating capacity is 
between live an<l six hundreil and its value is fifteen 



4S2 



HISTORY OP OAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEYS 



thousand five Iniridrcil dollars. ;\rr. liagley was 
ordained April 10. liSS;>, and became the pastor, 
which cilice he has since filled. 

Deacons: William S. Kain, .lohn Miller,* Datiis 
Drury, Benjamin M. Denny, Thomas R. Arrison,"' 
Theophiliis Fox, William Stout, Thomas T. Ellis,* 
Mark Bareford,* William T. Spiegle.* 

Clerks: William W. Kain, Leaman EldridL^e, 
Jesse C. Dresser, Thomas I. T)unla|i.* 

Trea.surers: Isaac N. Husig, M.D.. .lohn Hoh- 
son, Theophilus Fox, Thomas R. Arrismi. .lames 
W. Eldridge, John Dalley.* 

The present officers, in ad<litioii to those above- 
marked with an asterisk, {*) are, — 

Trustees; George Leathwhite, J. Harry Knerr, 
William A. Taylor, John Dalbey, Robert H. 
Comey, (ieorge Loveweil, Thomas I. Dunlap ; 
Chorister, Walter F. Wolfkeil; Organist, Anna E. 
(^uint; Superintendent Sun day -.school, John Dal- 
bey ; Asst. Supt., P. W. I ). Harvey ; Secretary, Dal- 
lis Cann ; Treasurer, T. I. Dunlap; Librarian, 
Orme W. Horner ; Inlaiit School Superintendent, 
Virginia Osier ; Organist, Anna Wolfkeil. 

TiUNiTY Baptist Church of Carnden was 
organized on theTth day of December, 1871, bythe 
adoption of a church covenant and articles of faith 
as recorded in Rev. T. Hiscox's " Baptist Church 
Directory," pages 154 to 177, inclusive, and the fol- 
lowing-named gentlemen were duly elected the 
officers thereof: For office of deacons, Thomas 
Peak, J. D. Rogers and R. H. Morgan ; forchurcli 
clerk, Thomiis W. Wilkinson ; and at a subsequent 
meeting held December 21, 1871, the following- 
named gentlemen were elected trustees: Tsaiah 
Woolston, E. E. Read, George E. Taylor, William 
Groves, Alfred McCully, John Burr, William 
Scudder. 

The membership of the church numlicied about 
ninety-five. Amongst them, we may mention 
Deacons Thonuis Peak and wife, J. D. Rogeis 
and wife, R. H. Morgan and wife, Deacon Jacob S. 
Coliings, Rev. Charles Sexton and wife, Mrs. E. 
Westcott, Mrs. Anna Davis and Mrs. Amy Andt-r- 
sou. In a few days after the election of the tius- 
tces, as above stated, they purchased the building 
known as. the Presbyterian Meeting-house, on 
Fifth Street, above MarketStreet, in Camden, which 
purchase w:is ratified by the church December 28, 
1871, and on the 7th day of .January, 1872, the 
church held its first public service, Dr. Weston, of 
Crozer University, preaching the sermon. 

On the 20th day of February the church received 
recognition in a public manner by pastors an<l lay 
members of a number of churches of the same 
faith and order, the Trinity Cliurch being re- 



j)resen(ed by .1. I). Rogers. R. H. Morgan and 
Thomas W. Wilkinson. The recognition services 
were held in the meetinghouse purchased by the 
church. Dr. Sanford, of Salem, preached the ser- 
mon and Deacon Thomas Peak received the hand 
of fellowship from the council by the hanil of Rev. 
Mr. Charables, ])astorof the North lUqitist Church 
of Camden. 

On the 22d day of April, 1872, the churcdi, by a 
unanimous vote, invited Rev. A. H. Lung, of Un- 
mantown, Pa., to become its pastor. 

.June 2, 1872, Rev. A. H. Lung entered upon 
his duty as pastor of the church, and after nine 
and one-half years of faithful and successful labor 
he resigned on March 27, 1882, to accept a position 
as general secretary of the Home Missionary So- 
ciety of the State of New York, since which time 
the clinreh has been very successful in her work 
under the leadership of Rev. C. A. Adams, who 
resigned the i)astorate in June of the present 
year (1880). • 

Sevknth Baptist Cikirch is situated on 
Kaighn Avenue. The society that owns and wor- 
ships in this church is composed of colored 
people. It was during the year 185<) that a num- 
ber of colored citizens of Camden met at the house 
of Mrs. Mary Colding, at No. 73G Chestnut Street, 
under the auspices of the Shiloh Baptist Church 
of Philadelphia, and made prei)aratory arrange- 
ments toward forming a Baptist Church in Cam- 
den. Rev. Sampson White conducted a series of 
prayer-meetings, in the houses of different mem- 
bers, for several months continuously, and organ- 
ized a Sunday-school. In 1857 the first public 
services were held in a blacksmith's shop, which 
was used until it was destroyed by fire, in 1858. 

Rev. David Evans, Abraham Fisher and Eliza- 
l)eth Moses then took an active part in keeping 
the church together, and meetings were held in 
the houses of Rev. David Evans and Mrs. Moses. 
In 18(>7 Rev. J. M. Francis was called and dur- 
ing his pastorate a meeting-house was built. In 
1873 Rev. Moses Wilcox was called to this charge, 
and al orn'i' adopted measures to complete a two- 
sl(iry brick church building, forty by sixty feet. 
The pool and auditorium were placed in the secoml 
story. It was then dedicated as the Seventh Bap- 
tist Church of Camden. The membership increased 
in numbers under its pastor, as well astheSumlay- 
school, with Abraham Fisher as superintendent. 
In 1884, through the instrumentality of ReT. Moses 
Wilcox, (he meeting-hou.se was enlarged and an 
extension of twenty feet built to the rear <pf it. .Vt 
present the ehurch has two hundred and sixty 
mend)ers, and the Sundav-school has one hundred 



THE CITY OF (WMDHN. 



483 



;uiil seventy-livf pupils and teachers, with .luhii 
W. Sadiller as supfiiiitciulent. This e-hurcli has 
also organized a Mission 8unday-scliool at Broad- 
way and Branch Street. Thirty chiUlren attend 
this mission, which is under the care of Mrs. Isa- 
belhi Shi])ley. 

Linden Baptist Chliuch had its beginninj.;- 
November 22, 1863, when Rev. R. S. James, pastor, 
David S. Stackhouse, Joseph Truman and M. !S. 
James were appointed a committee of the North 
Baptist Church to look after the religious needs 
of the northeastern |)ortion of the city, and re- 
ported a dearth of and desire for religious privi- 
leges, on the iKirt of the people of that section. 
Religious services were held December 10th of the 
year named. Mr. James conducted the services 
in the Paper-Mill School-house, and the owner, 
John B. Thompson, granting its use for the pur- 
pose, a Sunday-school was organized December 
IDth. The officers then chosen were, — Superintend- 
ent, David T. Stackhouse ; Assistant Superintend- 
ent, Robert Charles; Secretary, Addie McCully ; 
Treasurer, Mrs. S. A. Tustin ; Librarian, Edwin 
B. Robbius. The work began December 27th, with 
nine teachers and thirty-six pupils. In April, 
18ti4, the school was removed to the office of Eur- 
bush & Gage's machinery factory, and from thence 
to the house of Hiram McCoruiick, where it re- 
mained until December 4th, when the new mission 
building at Tenth Street and Penn was first occu- 
pied. In 18()() J. H. Kain became superintendent, 
and, October lit, 18(!i), was succeeded by John T. 
Boltomley, who still fills the office. In 1872 J. 
Willard Morgan was nia<le secretary, and has since 
performed the duties of that position. Under this 
management the school jirospered, and through it 
the North Baptist Church received quite an ac- 
cession to its meml)ership. lu 1880 ground was 
purchased at Ninth and Linden, and a neat brick 
chapel erected, with a seating capacity of two hun- 
dred and fifty in the audience-room. This chajjcl 
was dedicated free of debt, October 2, 1881. The mis- 
sion had now become strong enough to walk alone 
and, December 17, 1885, the twenty-second anni- 
versary of the mission, a meeting was field, at which 
it was decided to constitute a church, to be called the 
Linden Bapti.st Church. John T. Bottomley and li. 
M. Denney were elected deacons ; Elmer E. Morton, 
clerk; William Hall, treasurer ; and J. W. Mor- 
gan, F. W. Cramer, William S. Moslander, William 
Hall, Mary B. Howard and Agnes Nash, trustees. 
\Villiam II. ( ieistweit accepted a call to the pas- 
torate, and was ordained January 25, 1880, by a 
council of Baptist Churches, which, at the same 
time, recognized the church, preliniinariy to its 



admission into the West New .lersey Bajitist As- 
sociation. 

St. 1'.\i'1,'s lOriscoi'Ai. (.'iirjsrii.' — March 12, 
IS;!((, a small compMuy of gentlemen met to 
consull on (he advisability of organizing an Epis- 
copal Church in the town of Camden. There had 
been occasional services of the church held in 
Camden, in the second story of the building known 
as the City Hall, at the present site of Federal Street 
Market, for some time previous, by several clergy- 
men of I'hiladelphia who had agreed among them- 
selves '■ to priMch " licic in turn on Sunday after- 
noon, " so that it should have, if possible, one ser- 
vice of the church on every Sunday." In the first 
report made from the parish after its organization, 
to the Diocesan Convention, tlie congregation 
gave acknowledgments for services to Rt. Rev. 
Bishop Onderdonk, Rev. Dr. De Lancey, Rev. 
Messrs. Bedell, Douglass, Mead, Rutlidge, Depuy, 
Hawks, Boyd, Van Pelt, Allen, Jaquette, Smith 
and Tyng. After due consultation among those 
assembled at this preliminary conference, it was 
" lirgrilced that the meelirig do now institute a 
Protestant Episcopal Church in the city of (/am- 
den, under the name of /ion (Church, the name 
suliject to be changed if deemed ailvisable at the 
lime of incorporation." 

On .March 2ti, 18;'>0, the parish was organized 
and incorporated under the nameand title of" The 
Rector, Wardens and Vestrymen of St. Paul's 
Church, Camden." The first wardens of the new 
parish were .losiah Harrison and Isaac Welsh. 
'l"he vestiymen were Dr. Bowman Hendry, Jere- 
miah li. Sloan, Richard W. Howell, (iideon V. 
Sli\ers, Aliraham llrowniug, Sr., f"]benezer 
Toole. .fohn Browning, .\uley McCalla, Dr. .^anuiel 
Harris and Morris Cro.xall. Tlie deputies to ask 
admission to tlie convention were Josiah Harri- 
son, Jeremiah H. Sloan and Richard W. Howell. 

The first convention after tlie accession of BLsli- 
op Doanc to the episcopate, in 1832, was held in 
Camden, and in the same unpretending "upper 
room of the City Hall," which had been used for 
the services of the young congregation, and in 
which the meetings for its organization and incor- 
piiration had been held. In Sejjtember, 1833, the 
Rev. Samuel Starr, of Connecticut, was appointed 
liy fjisliop Doane as a missionary to tlie chiircli 
ill Camden in connection with the old St. Mary's 
(C(destowii) Parisli. Tlie records of the Camden 
Parish, sjieaking of this missionary, say : " He was 
a man of singular energy, and by his exertions in 
(he ellbrt to erect a housrof worship in (his place, 

1 (•.uupilcl from nil histc.riiiil suniiori liy tlie Ki,-v. Dr. Ourrison, in 
itisn, tlio fiftieth annivorsiiry of tliii* imrii*li. 



484 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



was an cntf,r|iiise ia wliiih the holilness was only 
eijualed by the success.'' On February -i, lSo4, 
the vestry, under his energetic influence, took 
.steps toward the building of a church. The 
parLsh rei'ords state that "The lot marked No. 121 
in the Map of t'amdeu, and situated on the south 
side of Market Street, between Fourth and Fifth, 
was ])urchased for three hundred dollars, and 
the lot adjoining was obtained on a perpetual 
lease on payment of twenty-five dollars per an- 
num ground-rent, February, 1834." The cor- 
ner-stone of the church building was laid by 
Bishop Doane on Tuesday, April 22, 1X34. The 
venerable Bishop White assi.sted Bishop Doane in 
the ceremonies. The basement-room was ready 
for use and services held in it early in 18.35. The 
entire church was completed the same year. 

On June 1, 1835, the Rev. Mr. >Starr, who, to 
this time, had been only a missionary to the par- 
ish, was elected to the rectorship,, and on the same 
day the building was consecrated by Bishop 
Doane and the benediction pronounced by Bisho]) 
White. The congregation at the end of the first 
year had twenty-one communicants, and a Sun- 
day-school had been opened with one hundred 
children in attendance. In May, 1836, the Rev. 
Mr. Starr resigned, and on July 25th, Rev. Francis 
P. Lee became the second rector. The two 
churches of Camden and Colestown were, from the 
beginning of the former, a single charge. During 
the two years' pastorate of Rev. Mr. Lee the num- 
ber of communicants at St. Paul's increased to 
forty-one and the Sunday-school was in a prosper- 
ous condition. On his resignation, in 18C8, Rev. 
Henry Burroughs was elected, and he entered on 
the joint charge of the two parishes of Camden 
and Moorestown on November 20, 1838. He 
retained this until March 7, 1840, when the church 
in Moorestown severed its connection with Cam- 
den, and Mr, Burroughs was left with the rector- 
ship of St. Paul's only. On July i», 1843, he 
wrote to the vestry, " My constitution is not 
suited to this part of the country, and I find myself 
most reluctantly compelled to resign the charge 
of this parish." 

On .August 23, 1843, the Rev. .Joseph M. Ly- 
biaud was elected to the pastoral charge. Under 
his earnest labors the congregation grevv steadily. 
The church was constructed of unhewn stone, and 
in 184() a resolution was passed ''that the unhewn 
stone of the church be covered with rough casting, 
after the manner of the State House, in Trenton, 
and sipiared, in imitation of stone." 

Among the earliest of the institutions for parish 
aid in this congregation, and one which did much 



good in pecuniary assistance to the church, was 
the "Ladies' Sewing Society," which was formed 
in 1835. The object of this organization was to 
assist in decreasing the debt of the church and 
render general aid. In 1836, according toa record, 
the vestry " thanked the society for a splendid 
service of communion plate and set of lamps for 
the pulpit." The society ceased to exist in 18t)0. 
According to its last report, it had raised for the 
church over seven thousand dollars. 

In 1844 the church had seventy-two communi- 
cants, and the contributions amounted to three 
hundred and eighty dollars. In 1S47 the nunilier 
was ninety, and the contributions eight hundred 
and thirty eight dollars. Rev. Lybrand had .served 
as rector nearly twelve years ; duringa large portion 
of that time he was an invalid, but his zeal 
and interest in his work did not abate. He 
died on February 14, 1855. Bishop Doane 
said : " I have known him long and well. I never 
knew a better mau. He was modest, gentle and 
quiet, yet firm, fearless and indomitable. He said 
but little, but always what was wise and good and 
true. His character was beautiful and his serviced 
exemplary." 

The vacancy was filled on July 8, 18.55, when it 
was " Ei'soloed that Rev. Dr. Joseph F. Garrison 
be invited to become the rector of this parish." He 
entered upon his duties in September of that year, 
having been ordained deacon on June 3, 1855. The 
church then numbered seventy-five communicants, 
a number having joined the St. John's Mission. 
There were one hundred and HIty children in tlie 
Sunday-school, and the number of families in the 
parish was about one hundred. In 185(5 the church 
building, which was then sixty-five by forty-three 
feet, was enlarged by adding a crucial transverse, 
seventy by twenty-five feet, with a recess of ten 
feet behind for the chancel. On January 2i), 185!t, 
the church was re-opened, Bishoji Doane officiat- 
ing, and the Rev. Dr. Joseph V. (Jarrison was in- 
stituted into the rectorship. The cost of the en- 
largement and repairs was ten thousand five hun- 
dred dollars; all, excepting five hundred dollars, 
was contributed by the congregation. One of the 
causes which called for the election of a rector at 
Ohews Landing Mission was the necessity of Dr. 
Oarrison giving some time to the Cooper Street 
-Mission. A Sunday-school had been taught thi're 
by lay mcnd)ers of the parish. In 1877 ground 
was bought and a neat (tothic building of brown 
stone was erected lor this mi.ssioii. In the new 
building this mission has been increasing under 
I be lay reading of the superintendent, Charles 
Kl.lr.<i, and later of .lo.-.eph Trimble, Jr., Rev. 



THE CTTY OF CAMDEN. 



485 



Henry B. Bryand aad a committee of lay ri'adrrs 
froni St. Paul's Guild. 

The history of St. Paul's Parish as a whole, is 
the record of a quiet growth, marked by no start- 
liiif,' changes nor checkered by thrilling incidents. 
Almost the only thing remarkable about it is the 
general character of uniformity which has per- 
vaded its modes of work from the beginning. The 
ministerial changes in .St. Paul's Parish have been 
few. It has had but five ministers in fifty years, 
and thirty-seven of these years are covered by the 
rectorship of Revs. Joseph M. Lybrand and Josei^h 
F. Garrison. 

The following summary from the parish register 
shows the most important changes from 18.".() to 
1880 : 

Cbui-ch WiirdfDS, Isaac Welsh and Josiab Harrison (ls:iU), ThoniaB 
Chapman (1841), Itichard \V. Howell (lS4:i), Edwai-d W. Mumford 
(1845), Dr. O. H. Taylor (1847), Thomivs P. Carpenter (1800), Philip 
J. Grey (1870), .Mden C. Scovel (1875), Abraham Browning (187f.), 
Manuaduke B. Taylor (1882). 

Baptisms : From 1630 to 185.5, 265 ; from 1853 to 1880, 5C2,— total, 
825. Confirmations: From 1830 to 1855, 158; from 18.55 to 1880, 
372,— total, 530. Marriages: From 1830 to 1855, 82 : from 18.55 to 
1882, 302,— total, 281. Funerals : From 1830 to 1855, 139 ; from 
1855 to 1880, 294,— total, 431. Communicants admitted : From 1830 
to 1855, 321; from I855tolS80, 720,— total. 1041. Present number 
of communicants on the register, 375. Total number of scholars 
iu Sunda.v -school, 4.50. Total nomber of ofticers and teacbei-s in 
same, 45. 

The rectorship of Rev. Dr. Garrison continued 
until the end of August, 1884. He was elected 
in June of that year to the '' Morehead Pro- 
fessorship of Liturgies, Canon Law, and Eccle- 
siastical Polity in the Divinity School in Phila- 
delphia," and having accepted the position, resign- 
ed the parish to enter on its duties in the Septem- 
ber following. 

In December of this same year Rev. Thomas .V. 
Tidball, D.D., of Lexington, Ky., was elected as 
his successor, and on January 11, 1885, entered on 
his duties as the sixth rector of the parisli. 

On the accession of Dr. Tidball to the rector- 
ship, a vigorous move was made to improve or 
increase the church property, which move resulted 
in the vestry authorizing (on July 22, 1885) the 
erection of parish buildings in the rear of the 
church, costing about ten thousand dollars, and 
the rebuilding of the church, at a cost of five 
thousand dollars, fitted with memorial furni- 
ture costing one thousand dollars. Since then the 
church building has been re-roofed and im|irovcdat 
an expense of above sis or eight thousand dollars. 
This parish not only keeps up its missionary charge 
of the chapel at Twefth and Cooper Streets, but is 
carrying ou a vigorous mission at Cramer's Hill, 
iu the neighborhood of the city. 
58 



The officers of the parish for 188l), are : Rector, 
Rev. Thomas A. Tidball, D.D. ; Wardens, Abra- 
ham l?rowniiig, ICs(|., IMarniaduke B. Taylor; Ves- 
trymen, Maurice Browning, William K. Lafi'erty, 
Samuel II. (irey, F.dward R. Shubrick, Joseph 
Fearon, William J. Sewell, Dr. H. Genet Taylor, 
James H. Carpenter, Henry ( '. .Mexander, Robert 
F. S. Heath, Wilson H . Jenkin.s, Nathan F. Cowan, 
Harry Humphreys, Edward H. King; Treasurer, 
William E. Latterly; Secretary, .lanies H. Car- 
penter. 

St. John's ICimscoi'ai, (.'nrRCH. — St. John's 
Parish was incorporated January 7, 1852, having 
lieeu in its inception a mission of St. Paul's Parish, 
under the Rev. Lybrand. He makes this firstmen- 
tion of it in Jlay, 1847 : " Three young men of 
the congregation have devoted themselves and 
their means to the service of the church, and 
expect soon to become candidates for Holy Orders. 
With their valuable co-operati(ju and with means 
supplied by a few friends in Philadelphia, I have 
been able to rent, in the lower part of the city, 
three-fourths of a mile from the church, a school- 
house, which will be used as a chapel for the 
benefit of a much-neglected, yet interesting and 
respectable, portion of our community. A fiour- 
ishing Sunday-school is already in operation, and 
as soon as the arrangements are completed, I shall, 
after the two usual services at the church, hold 
there a third service at night. So rapidly is our 
population increasing, and so cheering are the 
prospects of the church, that I trust this little 
chapel will prove the beginning of what, after a 
few years of fostering care will become a second 
parish." 

The work was carried on regularly for two years, 
after which the absence of the candidates for 
Holy Orders and the feeble health of the rector 
compelled an interruption. In the fall of 1851, 
Mr. Elvin K. Smith having taken Deacon's Or- 
ders, returned to the work, and organized the 
parish, remaining with it until August, 1858. 
Beginning iu November, 1851, services and Sun- 
day-school were held iu a hall a( Fourth Street 
and Spruce. In January, 1858, ground was 
jiurchased at Broadway and Roydon Street, and in 
March the " Floating Chapel of the Redeemer, 
for seamen of the port of Philadelphia,"' was 
bought, removed from its base (two canal-boats 
braced together), and drawn across the open lots 
to this site. The removed church, newly named 
St. John's, wiis re-occupied on the sixteenth Sun- 
day after Trinity, September 11, 1853. The zeal 
of the parish soon began to reach beyond its own 
borders. Iu October, 1854, the pastor established 



486 



HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COTTNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



a weekly cottage lecture in the village of Stockton, 
one mile south of the church, and this soon devel- 
oped into a Sunday afternoon service, with Sun- 
day-school. Here was the first breaking of ground 
for the Church of Our Saviour. 




ST. JOHN'S EPIsrOPAL THURfH. 

The following is a list of the .successive rectors 
and clergy of St. John's Parish : 

Klvin K. Smith, .Tanuarj' 6, 18.V2, tii Augii»t:i, IR.iS. 
ThoiiliW .r. Taylor, Io,:iwi leimis. 
William Paesiuore, .tuly 1, 18.59, t« May ir>, 186(1. 
Dr. Colhoun. toann /eiieiM. 

Charlns H. Albert, ,\ugiist7, ISfiO, to April 20, ISfit. 
Theophilus M. Beill.Y, May 2.';, 1861, to May :i,18-n. 
William M. Rcilly, associate rertor Decomber 11, 1866; rfrtor, 
Jlay .3, 1870, to .Vilgust 1, 1870. 
.lohn A. Goodfellow, deacon in charge. 
Alexander Fnllerton, lormii truem, Octoher 11, 1871. 
William S. Koardnian, March 31, 187i, to August 1. 1874. 
.Toseph P. Taylor, January 14, 1876, to July 26, 1880. 
Alfred Tjouderbach, hcitm lem'tin. 
.lohn DowK nills, deacon in charge, December 12, 1880, 

The present rector, Rev. John Hardenbrook 
Townsend, entered upon liis duties October I.S, 
1881. 

Just cleared of debt and renovated, the dearly- 
loved building, thrice consecrated by formal act, 
by a quarter-century of holy rites, by the toils 
and tears for its redemption, the holy house acci- 
ilcnlally took fire on the morning of Christmas 
day, l.'^yo, and in a short hour was a heaji of 
smoking ruins. Did it seem a wliole burnt-offering 



unto the Lcjrd, devoting anew the hearts of His 
people to fresh ertbrls for their Zion? So we may 
read the prompt resolution of the rector, wardens 
and vestry to replace the old frame building by a 
beautiful stone Gothic structure. The corner-stone 
was laid on April 21st, and the build- 
ing 0|)eiied for worship Decembers, 
1871. During the winter of 1884-85 
the parish building was built, and 
the interior decorated. On St. 
George's day, April 23, IXS."), the 
church was consecrated and the i)ar- 
ish building formally opened by the 
bishop of the diocese. • The erection 
and enlargement of the parish build- 
ing has been naturally accompanied 
by the formation of the parish guild, 
with its various au.xiliary societies, 
and by the organization of St. John's 
\Vorkingmeu's Club and Institute. 
Branch Sunday-schools have been 
established at several points within 
ihe parish limits for the accommo- 
dation of the increasing member- 
shi,,. 

TiiK Cm ncii or OiTi! S.wiOTR. 
— In October, 1854, the Rev. Klvin 
K.Smith, rector of St. John's Church 
began a weekly cottage lecture at 
the village of Stockton, now known 
as the Eighth Ward of Camden, 
where there were a few families 
desirous of worshipping God after the manner of 
their fathers. This service was maintained with 
varying degrees of regularity and success for sev- 
eral years. 

In September, 1857, Mr. Thomas I. vie, a candidate 
for Holy Orders, became Sunday lecturer, holding 
service every Sunday afternoon in an upper room, 
specially set apart and furnished for that purpose, 
in the house of John Otten, the rector of St. 
John's preaching once a month, and celebrating 
the communion once in two months. In Septem- 
ber, 1859, steps were taken to organize a parish, to 
be known as the Church of Our Saviour, Stockton, 
and at a meeting held for this purpose the follow- 
ing were elected as wardens and vestrymen : Senior 
Warden, John Hare Otten; .Junior Warden, 
Henry Davis; Vestrymen, Charles Drake, (). J. 
Search, Henry \i. Wilson, Gabriel Johnson, 
Richard Hunting and James Green. This organi- 
zation, however, wasdissolved in 18(!4. On the 19th 
of July, lS(i7, the parish was reorganized ; and, 
after various struggles, in the latter part of 187,'^, 
at the iiKstaiuc of the Rev. Dr. (iarri.son, dean of 



TIIK CITY OF CAMDEN. 



487 



llif convocation of Hni'linj^lon, slcp.s were aj^ain 
taken to reorganize it. In l.%7, largely through 
the efforts of Mr. Patroni, a briek building situ- 
at<'il on Van Hook* Street, near the West .ler.sey 
kaili'oail, wliichhad formerly been used as a Baptist 
nu'eting-house, was purchased, and services were 
held in it until a lot of ground, situated at the 
southeast corner of Broadway and \'iola Street, was 
<leeiied by the Manufacturers' I^and Iiniirovenient 
Company to the rector, wardens and veatry, and a 
new building ei'eeted thereon. It was constructed 
of stone donated by .lohn Towell, of Camden; the 
other materials being supplied by members of the 
parish and others interested in its welfare. The 
corner-stone was [daeed in, November, 18S0. fn 
November, 1882, just about two years after the 
laying of the coruer-stone, the building, free from 
debt, was consecrated by the Right Rev. ,Uihn 
Scarborough, D.D., Bisho|i of New Jersey. From 
the last reorganization, in 187:^, until 1879 services 
were held ehietiy by the Rev. Rees C. Kvans, of 
(Uoucester, and students from the West Philadel- 
phia I->ivinity School, among whom were Messrs. 
Winskill, Waller, Powell, Helt'eru, Bagnall and 
Post. In November, 1879, the Rev. P. U. Creve- 
ling, then a teacher in Mr. Reilly's school, in 
Burlington, began, by appointment of the bishop, 
to hold services. He continued a year and three 
months. Shortly alter his withdrawal. Rev. J. L. 
McKim, of St. Mary's Hall, Burlington, assumed 
charge of the parish and held regular Sunday and 
occasional week-day services until Advent, 1S82. 

On the first Sunday in .\dvent of that year the 
Rev. Wni. B. Thorn cnt<'nil upon his duties as 
rector of the parish. The officers at the present 
time (.\ugust, 1880) are, — Rector, Rev. Wm. B. 
Thorn; Senior Warden, A. A. Shull ; Junior 
Wanlen, Ja.s. F. Sharp; V^estrymen, Lewis K. 
Kinsell (secretary), John Cottrell, Richard Bunt- 
ing, Thos. iMcKenna, John Warnock, .Ir., BenJ. 
Thomas anil John W. Brooks. 

The Fiust Presbyterian Church.' — The 
Presbytery of West Jersey organized a church in 
Camden, September 27, 1840, which consisted of 
twelve members. The Rev. Alexander Heberton, 
of Salem, N. J., was called to the p:i.storal charge. 
Ipon his declination of the call, the Rev. William 
I.. McCalla was invited to become the stated sup- 
ply of the new church for a service of si.\ months. 
This invitation was accepted by him. .\n effort 
was made to erect a house of worship, a lot of 
ground having been given by Mrs. Alexander 
Henry, of Philadelphia, and some eight hundred 

1 By Rev. Marcus .\. Brownson. 



dollars having been sidiscribed, as the beginning 
of a building fund. It was found impossible to ac- 
complish the desired object. The enterprise was 
abandoned, and, after a struggling existenceof one 
year and two months, the church was disl>anded, 
on December 1, 1841. 

On tlu> 2rith of Juno, 1S4(;, the present organi/a- 
tion came into being, by act of the Presbytery of 
West Jersey. On the (1th of October, of the same 
year, the congregation presented a call to the Rev. 
(iiles l'\Manwaring,of the Presbytery of New York, 
and on the 13th of .April, of the following year, 
he was installccl pastor. William Howell was the 
first elder. He w.is installed on the day of the 
organization of the church, June 20, 184i). The 
beginnings of the church were small. Tw<i I'tes- 
byterian families were all of this persuasion 
known when Mr. Mauwaring conimeuce<l bis work. 
In a scdiool-house in Third Street, between .Market 
and Plum (now Arch), the congregation, varying 
in size from eight persons to twenty-one, inclmling 
chihlreu, worshipped for a few weeks. In .\pril 
of 184(; the City Hall, then on Federal Street, 
abo\e Fifth, was secured for a place of worship, 
and this continued to be the sanctuary until the 
rapidly-growing congregation made application to 
the Presbytery for an organization, whi(di was 
granted in June of I S4(i, as staled above. Iinnu>- 
diately after this it was resolved to erect a idiurch 
building. The lot of ground before donated by 
Mrs. Alexander Henry, and situated on Fifth 
Street, between Market and Cooper, was again 
secured through her gift. The corner-stone of 
the building was laid October 28, lS4t;. The 
building was completed eighteen months after- 
ward. Its cost was five thousand dollars. The 
Presbyterian Churches of Bridgeton, Pittsgrove, 
Cedarville, Salem, Woodbury, Trenton, Paterson 
and Burlington assisted in the forming o( a build- 
ing fund. Mr. Mauwaring resigned his charge 
in 1848, leaving a churc'h of fifty-three communi- 
cant members. He died a few years after. A 
board of trustees was organized in 1848. Joseph 
Pogue was made president and Auley McCalla, 
secretary and treasurer. 

Rev. Robinson P. Dunn, D.D., the second pas- 
tor, was installed on November 1, 184.S. He was a 
scholarly |)reacher, and a cultivated Christian gen- 
tlenum. During his ministry of two years and ten 
months forty persons were added to the member- 
ship of the church. His resignation was ofl'ered 
and accepted April 24, 1851, when he became 
professor of belles-lettres in Brown University, 
Providence, R, I. He has since passed from 
earth. The Rev. Levi H. Christian was called to 



488 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



the pastoral oliice in the same year, 1851 ; he 
remained with the church for two years aiul five 
m<niths. During his ministry I'orty-five persons 
united with the church. 

Rev. Daniel Stewart, D.D., hegan his labors as 
pa.stor of the cluirdi on A|>ril 1, 1854.. Until this 




1-lltf.I CKESllV I KKl.VN CHUHC'H 

time, since the organization of the church, the 
Board of Home Missions had regularly, each year, 
supplied financial aid. Now the church became self- 
sustaining. The church building was enlarged in 
185(1, at a cost of two thousand seven hundred and 
fifty dollars. Two years later, the Sabbath-school 
rooms were re-furnished, tlie money necessary for 
the improvement having been secured through the 



ellbrts of the officers and teachers of the Sabbath- 
school. 

The Second Presbyterian Church was organized 
by the Presbytery of Burlingto'n on March 1, 18G0. 
The city of Camden and vicinity, by action of the 
Synod of New Jer.sey, a short time before had been 
transferred from the Pres- 
bytery of West Jersey to 
that of Burlington. Lsaac 
Van Horn, an elder of the 
First Church, was then 
dismissed, at his own re- 
quest, with fourteen other 
, members, to form the new 
organization. The enter- 
prise had the hearty co- 
operation of the parent 
church, and for some years 
substantial aid wa.s given 
to assure its success. Dr. 
Stewart resigned his charge 
in 1801. He is now living 
in the city of Minneapolis. 
He was a most faithful pas- 
tor and a forcible preacher. 
Rev. Villeroy D. Reed, 
D. D., became the pastor of 
the church in 1861, and 
for twenty-three years con- 
tinued his labors. His 
earnest preaching was fol- 
lowed by nio.st blessed 
spiritual results through 
his ministry here. There 
were constant additions to 
tlie Mieniliership of the 
cliurrli. Upon one occa- 
sion thirty-two pereons 
confessed their faith in the 
t 'hrist ; upon another forty- 
<ight persons entered the 
chnrch by this method of 
admi.ssion. Through the 
course of Dr. Reed's min- 
istry three hundred and 
twenty-eight were received 
" on profession of faith." 
The wlnde nund>cr which have been added 
in this manner and by letters of dismission from 
<ither churches, is seven hundred and forty-seven. 
The Christ iim character of Dr. Reed and his faithful 
work will long be cherished. During his ministry 
the house of worship now occupied by the con- 
gregation was erected. Its corner-stone was laid 
on the 22d of June, 1871. The building was com- 



THE (!ITY OF CAMDEN. 



489 



pleted and dedicated to the praise of tlu' Triune 
(led on the 1st day of Jnne, 187;^. Its entire eost, 
iuchiding the lot of ground on vvliich it stands, the 
building itself, the furniture of church and chapel, 
the organ and heating apparatus, was ninety-tive 
thousand dollars. Mr. S. D. Button was the arch- 
itect. The main building is sixty-five feet wide by 
one hundred and eight feet deep, and the tower is 
twenty feet square at the base, and, including the 
spire, is one hundred and ninety-six feet high. 
The church is built of three shades of stone, viz. : 
Connecticut brownstone, West Chester greenstone 
and Ohio bluestone, presenting an attractive ap- 
pearance. The chapel, corwiected with the main 
building, and built of the same material, is two 
stories high and forty-one feet front by eighty-one 
feet deep. The style of architecture is Roman 
and Gothic. The seating capacity of the church 
is twelve hundred. 

The following-named gentlemen composed the 
building committee : Albert W. Markley (chair- 
man), John F. Starr, Peter L. Voorhees, Charles 
Stoekham, J. L. R. Campbell, John Morgan, 
Charles A. Sparks. 

The committee on subscriptions was made up of 
the following-named gentlemen : Joseph D. Rein- 
both (chairman), Wm. Fewsmith (secretary), 
Gerard R. Vogels, Wm. Curtiss, J. L. R. Camp- 
bell, James H. Stevens, Thomas Fitzgerald, Chris- 
topher A. Bergen, Randal E. Morgan and Isaac 
Hackett. 

The jianic in the money market of I ST:! was fell 
in the financial operations of the congregation. 
The result was a debt of forty five thousand five 
hundred dollars. The interest on this indebted- 
ness was promptly paid each year when due, and 
year after year the obligation was reduced in 
amount. But it was not until the beginning of the 
year 188(1 that the mortgage upon the building was 
canceled. On January 20, 188'i, the indebtedness 
was found to be nineteen thousand dollars. It 
was determined by the congregation to remove 
this during that year; and on Sabbath morning, 
December 27, 1885, the debt fund was completed. 
The gentlemen and ladies who composed the com- 
mittee, by whose efforts the money was secured, 
were: Edward F. Nivin (chairman), Randal E. 
Morgan (trustee), Frederick A. Rex (secretary), 
Wni. Fewsmith, Gerard R. Vogels, L. T. Oerousse, 
L. H. Kellam, Charles Danenhower, S. T. Ringel, 
Thomas S. Collings, Frank H. Burdsall, Wm. M. 
Davison, C M. Williams, R. P. Stewart, H. O. 
Hildebrand, G. H. Higbee, Mrs. F. C. Woolman, 
Miss Annie M. Robeson, Mrs. John F. Starr, .Ir., 
Miss Belle Fitzgerald, Mrs. Frank Williams, Miss 



Laura Vogels, Mrs. .lolin W. Veatts, Miss Hettie 
Porter, Jlrs. G. Buckwaltcr, .Mrs. II. C. Fclton and 
Mrs. M. Hoflhian. 

The Rev. Marcus ,\. Brownson was installed 
pastor ol' the chnrch .November IM, 1S84, and con- 
tinues in the pastoral office. The (itber officers 
are (issr,) as follows : Elders, .lobn S. Chambers 
(clerk ol' session), Wm. Fewsnulh, Carlton M. 
Williams, William B. Robertson, H. (). Hilde- 
brand, Charles DaiU'idiower, Gerard R. Vogels and 
Andrew Abels. 

The following gentlemen have held the office of 
elder in this church, naiiirly, Wililani Howell, 
George H. Van Gelder, lsaa<- \':ui Horn, James 
H. Stevens, William Hart, .lose|di 1). Reinboth, 
John Aikman, George W. N. (Justis, Jacob H. 
Yocum, John F. Starr, .Fames A. Armstrong, M.D., 
Asa L. Curtis, Wm. HowanI Curtiss and Robert 
P. Stewart. 

Deaixmx, A. T. Dobson, M.D. (treasurer), Wm. 
.T. Searle, Wm. G. (tarland, George W. Cole, and 
Wm. H. Hiinterson, Jr. 

Trustees, John F. Starr (president), Wm. Few- 
smith (treasurer), Edward F. Nivin (secretary), 
Randal E. Morgan, D. T. (iage and L. T. De- 
rousse. 

The diaconate has been held also by .T. V. 
Schenck, M.D., B. F. Davis, Thomas Fitzgerald 
and James A- Armstrong, MD. 

The following have been mendjers of the board 
of trustees, namely: .loseph Pogue, George W. 
Helmbold, George W. Carpenter, Joseph Cas- 
ner, William Howell, A. i\tcCalla, Jehu Osier, S. 
L. Stinson, Thomas McKeen, J. V. Schenck, M.D., 
L, C. Cake, James Caldwell, John Morgan, Chas. 
P. Stratton, Peter L. Voorhees, Leander N. Ott, 
Charles J Hollis, Isaac Van Horn, E. R. Johnson, 
James H- Stevens, C. P. Vanderveer, A. W. 
Markley, H. Vanuxem, G. W. N. Custis, S. L. 
Davis, Wm. Curtiss, John S. Chambers, Ch. A. 
Bergen, D. Caldwell, Jno. Stoekham, Ch. Stock- 
ham, M. McDonald, J. L. R. Campbell, A. J. 
String and S. T. Ringel. 

The communicant niembcrsliit) of the cluirch is 
five hundred ; the congregatioTi numbers eight hun- 
dred and fifty. The church and congregation are 
enjoying great prosperity. 

The Sabbath-school had its beginning in the 
year 184(1. The basenu-nt of the building on 
Fifth Street from the time of its completion was 
devoted to this purpose. The first organization 
was very informal. S. D. Wyilh was the superin- 
tendent for several ye;irs. In .lannary, 185.0, while 
S. D. Wyeth was superintendent, the school was 
organized with a constitution, since which time 



490 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



full recurdsi have been kept. .1. 1). liiggins wii.s 
elected superintendent, with William Fewsudth a.s 
assistant, and Peter L. Voorhees, secretary and 
treasurer, at the first election under the constitu- 
tion. May 1S55. Forty-six persons became mem- 
bers of the Sabbath-school Association. Of these, 
Wm. Fewsmith, Peter L. Voorhees, Henry Van- 
uxeni, B. F. Jaggers and Miss Cornelia Ackley are 
still active in the Saljbath-sehool work. 

From 1855 til! the present time the following- 
named persons have filled the office of superin- 
tendent, — J. D. Higgins, 1.S55; James H.Stevens, 
1861; Peter L. Voorhee.s, 18ti8 ; J. D. Reinboth, 
1868; James H. Stevens, 1871; Peter L. Voorhees, 
1872; J. H. Yocum, 1873; Christopher A. Bergen, 
1875; AsaL. Curtis, 1880; C. M. Williams, 188:1 

Large additions to the^membership of the church 
have been made from the Sabbath-school : In 
1860, thirty; in 1883, sixteen; in 1884, twenty- 
three; in 1885, thirty-three ; in 1886, forty-three; 
and in other years smaller additions. 

About two hundred and fifty scholars have 
united with the church since 1870, according to 
the record kept by the present secretary, Gerard 
R. Vogels. One hundred and eighteen of the 
scholars now in the school are members of the 
church. The contributions of money, for the work 
of the schools and for benevolent purposes, have 
averaged more than four hundred dollare each year. 
In 1885 the school contributed one thousand and 
thirty-two dollars, the most of which was applied 
toward the liquidation of a debt upon the church. 
The school has two maiu divisions, — the Primary 
and Intermediate Department, and the Adult De- 
partment and Bible Chisses. In the former, one hun- 
dred and fifty-five scholars are enrolled, in the latter 
there are thirty-one classes and two hundred and 
eighty-five scholars. The oflicers are as follows : 
General Superintendent, Carlton M. Williams ; 
Assistant, Robert P. Stewart; Superintendent of 
Primary and Intermediate, H. O. Hildebrand ; As- 
sistant, .fob n W.Yeatts; Secretary and Treasurer, 
Gerard R. Vogels ; Assistant, Miss Kdith J. Sleep- 
er ; Librarian, Benjamin F. Jaggers; Assistants, 
J. F. Sleeper, F. H. Reeder and Albert E. Clark ; 
Associate Librarian, W. H. Ilunterson, .Ir. ; As- 
sistant, A. H. Allen ; Organists, Fred. T. Baker 
and Mrs. H. O. Hildebrand. 

The Central Mission School was organized May 
9, 1886, in No. 840 Federal Street, with sixty 
scholars and the following officers: Superinten- 
dent, Thomas S. Collings; Assistant, William .1, 
Searle; Secretary and Treasurer, R. C. Jones; 
Librarian, Wm. C. Temple; Organist, Mrs. B. F. 
Stiles. 



Thi: Second Pi{i:si;yTi;mAN Chckcii' was or- 
ganized on the 1st of March, 1860, and, to use the 
language of its first pastor, it "was launched into 
being under the fostering care of the First Pres- 
byterian Church, being born, not as new churches 
sometimes are, out of disaffection or controversy, 
but out of love for the Master and for the exten- 
sion of His kingdom.'' 

The Central Church, situated at the corner of 
Fourth Street and Hartmau, after a short and 
precarious existence, had quietly succumbed to the 
force of circumstances and had been dissolved by 
the New School Presbytery of I'hiladelphia. For 
several years after itj dissolution no attempt had 
been made to reoccupy the field in which it had 
stood. In 18.59, however, Rev. Dr. Daniel Stewart, 
pastor of the First Church, urged upon his people 
the importance of forming another Presbyterian 
Church. A meeting for this purpose was called 
for March 23, 1X511, at which a committee, com- 
posed of Isaac Van Horn, Thoniijs McKeeu, James 
H. Stevens, George W. Carpenter, Sr., and Gilbert 
Bulson, were appointed " to seek out and secure 
one or more sites of church edifices iu suitable 
location, and in the event of finding such loca- 
tion, to erect a temporary edifice for the purpose 
of worship and Sabbath-school instruction." This 
committee, through the intluence of Mr. Van Horn, 
purchased from E. A. Stevens, of Hoboken, N. J., 
four lots of ground situated at the corner of Fourth 
Street and Washington, Mr. Stevens donating 
eight hundred dollars of the purchase money. 
These lots were afterwards exchanged for the lots 
upon the upper side of the same square, at Fourth 
Street and Benson, the site of the present church, 
where a chapel was built, at a cost of nineteen 
hundred dollars, the money having been contrib- 
uted mainly by members of the First Church, 
who, at their next congregational meeting, upon 
recommendation of the committee, deeded the 
whole property to the "Trustees of the Si^eond 
Presbyterian Church." 

The Presbytery of Burlington met in the chapel 
March 1, 1860, and organized the church with a 
membership of twenty persons, viz. : Robert Bar- 
ber, Thomas F. Lambson, Isaac Van Horn, James 
Good, Thomas McKeen, Emily Barber, Sarah J. 
McKeen, JIary A. Turtelol, Mary A. Van Horn, 
Elizabeth Van Horn, Anne E. ("lark, Nancy A. 
Hoxie, Margaretta Lambson, Jane Marshall, Hen- 
rietta Smith, Selina O. Turlelot and .\nn K. Van 
Horn. Upon the same day Mr. Lewis C. Baker 
was called, ordained and installed as jiastor of the 

' By Kev, William lio.U. 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



491 



church. Isaac Van Horn and Robert Barber were set 
apart to the office of the eldership, and Isaac Van 
Horn, Thomas McKeen, Cyrus Kellog, James Good, 
Thomas F. Lambson, .Tames C. Wright and .1. L. 
Prentiss were constituted the first board of trus- 
tees. 

The wisdom of tlic new enterprise and the ad- 
vantages of its bjcation soon evidenced themselves 
ill the rapid growth of the Sabbath-school and 
congregation. The chapel was often uncomfort- 
ably crowded, and the need of better accommoda- 





ii III I T niMi fj^ 



si:(i)Nii i'i;i;si;\ ri'.itiAN <nii(ii 

tion began to be more and more felt. To form 
the nucleus of anew building fund, Messrs. \'an 
Horn and McKeen fenced in the square of ground 
lying between Washington Street and Berkley 
and Third and Fourth, and converted the in- 
closure into a skating park. P'rom this novel 
expedient eighteen hundred dollars were realized, 
with which, as a basis, Mr. Baker, in 18ti4, agi- 
tated the erection of a new church. A plan was 
accordingly procured from S. D. Button, archi- 
tect, and in April, ISliS, it was resolved to begin 
the work. Isaac Van Horn and Thomas McKeen 
were appointed a building committee, with the 
pastor as an advisory member. The sudden and 



lamented death of Mr. Van Horn before the com- 
pletion id' the building necessitated the addition 
of bis son, F. ('. Van Horn, and S. L. Stimson to 
the coniiiiittcc. 'I"bc building was roofed in dur- 
ing the suuiiiicr nf ISii."), ami upon the first Sabbath 
id' September, IStitl, was .solemnly set apart to the 
service of Almighty (lod. In the dedication ser- 
vii'c the First ('bnrcb united, its former pastor, 
l>r. Stewart, and W. (!. (!attell, D.D., president of 
Lafayette (College, taking a prominent part. The 
cost of the building was aliout nineteen thousand 
chdiars. 

The history of the Second ('liiircli has been one 
of cDustant, steady, healthy growth. Starting 
with but twenty persons, it n^ported to the last 
ticneral .\ssembly a memliersbip of three hundred 
and fifty-five. Its Sabbatli-S(-hool is large and 
llourishing. A thriving mi.ssion is sustained in 
Ibe neat building recently erected at the corner of 
r.rnaiiway and Atlantic .Avenue, and action will 
soon lie taken looking to the ercctioTi of a new and 
MKire coniMiodions building upon the site of the 
present chapel on Fourth Street. 

The elders from the beginning have been Isaac 
\'an Horn, Robert Barber, Solomon L. Stimson, 
.lodge (iein-ge S. Woodbull, William Campbell, 
.\le.\ander Marcy, AID., .lames Berry, Reuben F. 
Bancroft, John Callahan and Benjamin < ). Titus; 
its deacons have been (ieorge W. Cari)enter, Jr., 
(leorge E. Howes, Alhcd M. Heston, David B. 
Riggs, Daniel Donehoo and Francis T. Lloyd; 
and its Sabbalh-si'hool superintendents, Judge 
\\'oodhull, William Getty, .James Berry, S. Bryan 
Smith, William H. Bancroft and John Callahan. 

During the twenty-six years of its existence the 
church has had but two pastors. For more than 
twenty-two years it enjoyed the ministrations of 
Mr. Baker. His long and faithful term of service 
bad afi'onled opi>ortiinitics foripiickening the spir- 
itual life of the jieople. which he had not failed to 
improve. Beloved both within and beyond the 
bounds of his congregation, it was a matter of 
wide-spread regret that retirement from the pulpit 
of his church should have been accoraiianied by 
a change of residence. The relation which had 
subsisted between him and his first charge for 
nearly a ipiarter of a century was, at his own 
recpiest, ilissolvcd Novendjer 1, l.S<S^'. He now 
resides in Philadelphia, devoted to literary work, 
and to suchiopportunities of preaching the ( iosjiel, 
by tongue and prn, as Providence may present. 

The present jiastor, Mr. William Boyd, was in- 
stalled May 2, I8S.'5. His ministry has been 
greatly blessed. Large accessions have licen made 
to the membership of I he church, the iiroperly 



492 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



has been modernized and improved and every de- 
|)artniei)t of religions worlv has been snstained 
witli zeal and vigor. 

The oWieer.s of the church as at present consti- 
tuted are, — Polders, Reuben F. Bancroft, Alexan- 
der Marcy, M.D., John Callahan, Benjamin O. 
Titus, John Warnock, David B. Riggs and Daniel 
Donehoo; Deacons, J. H. Troutman, S. H. Sar- 
gent, Clarence Yardley, Valentine S. Campbell 
and Edwin S. Titus; Trustees, Christopher Bergen 
(president), John Warnock, John Callahan, Ben- 
jamin O. Titus, William T. Waters, David B. 
Riggs, Theodore B. Culver, Lewis H. Archer, and 
Stephen A. Sargent (secretary.) 

The Presbyterian Mission, in Memorial 
Hall, Broadway, below Kaighn Avenue, is the 
child of the AVest Jersey Presbytery, and was or- 
ganized as a colored mission on the first Sunday in 
August, 1886, and Rev. T. W. Davenport appointed 
to the charge. A Sunday-school, with three 
teachers and thirty pupils, was organized at the 
same time, with Theodore Henson as superin- 
tendent. 

Tkinity German Evangelical Lutheran 
Church. — An etfbrt was made in 1853 to organize 
a Lutheran Church in Camden. A lot was pur- 
chased on Pine Street, west of Fourth, and the 
foundation laid for a church building. The min- 
ister was the Rev. Georgii, who soon afterward re- 
turned to Switzerland, before a congregation was 
organized or a building erected. 

In October, 1857, Rev. F. Herold arrived from 
Germany. On his way west he stopped with rela- 
tives in Camden, and on learning that a large 
number of Germans livc<l here, who desired to 
have a church and a jiastor of their own faith in 
their midst, he concluded to .stay. Services were 
held in Reed's Hall, on Federal Street. An or- 
ganization was effected on December 22d of the 
same year. The congregation numbered seventy 
members. The following were the first church 
council: John Hagcr, John D. Seybold, CUiarics 
H. Fackler, John Beck, George Bauder, John Jl. 
Hcrtleiu, Philip Daucr, (ieorge F. Stephany, 
Emanuel Schneider, .1. Sonmiers and F. Schilpp. 
The congregation ado|)ted a constitution and by- 
laws for its regulation. The principal points in it 
are: The pastor is obligated to preach in the Ger- 
man language, upon the foundations of the apos- 
tles and prophets ; the unaltered Augsburg Con- 
fession and Luther's (.!atechism, as the Confession 
of Faith of our holy Lutheran Church, to be the 
basis of all the teachings. The name ado{)ted for 
the congregation was "Trinity German Evangeli- 
cal Lutheran." 



The church council in June, 1858, i)urchiised 
the lot on which the church stands. The funds 
available for building a church were very small, 
as the majority of the members were people of 
limited means. The pastor visited a number of 
the congregations of the German Evangelical 
Lutheran Ministerium of Pennsylvania, and solic- 
ited contributions. The members of the vestry 
also took their share of the responsibility and col- 
lected from friends and business firms wherever an 
opportunity offered, and in May, 1861, application 
was made to the Church Extension Society of the 
General Synod, and five hundred dollars secured. 
^Vith this amount the work went on rapidly, and 
on October 6, 1861, the dedicatory services were 
held. 

In 1864 the school l)uilding at Sixth Street and 
Market was purchased, with its material, a build- 
ing, twenty by forty feet, erected to the rear of the 
church, and the parochial school opened. In Au- 
gust, 1865, Rev. F. Herold removed toMascoutah, 
111., and the present pastor, Rev. J. C. Dizinger, 
accepted the call of the congregation. 

In 1870 the lots on the east and west sides of the 
church were purchased for fifteen hundred dollars. 
George Pfeiffer contributing one-third of the 
amount. In 1872 the church was repaired and 
beautified and the ground surrounding the church 
improved. In 1874 the school-house received an 
addition of twenty feet in length and the latest im- 
proved desks were obtained. In 1883 a large pipe- 
organ was secured. It was used for the first time on 
the four hundredth anniversary of Luther's birth. 
The congregation mimbers at present (1886), three 
hundred communicant members. It has a Sunday- 
si hool of three hundred members,' a i)arochial 
school with two teachers and sixty pupils. A 
Funeral Aid Society was organized in 1876, which 
has now seven hundred members. Thecongrcgatinn 
is in connection with the Evangelical Lutheran 
]Ministcrium of Penn.sylvania. 

ErlPHANY EvAN(iKLI(AL LUTHERAN ('liri;<ll. 

— Prior to the year 1879 no English Lutheran 
congregation existed in Camden. At the fall 
meeting of the First District Conference of the 
Pennsylvania Synod, a committee was appnintcd 
to canviiss the city for Lutherans. Scvi^al nucl- 
ings of interested i)ersons were held at the resi- 
dence of Ctcorgc Shimcr, No. 503 Linden Street, 
the outcome of which was the organization of a 
congregation under the name of" Epii)hany Evan- 
gelical Lutheran (Church." The first service of 
the congregation was held Sunday evening, No- 
vember 23, 1870, in Reed's Hall, at the corner of 
Third and Federal Streets. Rev. William Schaef- 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



493 



fer, of I'hilaJelphia, coMiluLted the worshii) uiid 
preached the sermon, lie had charge of tlic mis- 
sion from that time until the closeof the following 
summer. }Ie was succeeded by Mr. S. L. Sibole, 
then -ii student in the Philadelphia Seminary. In 
.Tune, 1881, this gentleman was ordained and reg- 
ularly installed as the tirst paster of the new con- 
gregation. He served tlie mission until October, 
1882, when he resigne<l to accept a call to St. 
Luke's Church, Philadelpliia. For four months 
the pulpit was vacant, when Mr. Clarence K. Bin- 
der, of the senior class of the Theological Semi- 
nary assumed charge, and was installed pastor June 
10, 188:i. 

Under Rev. liirider's jiastorate the congregation 
has been steadily advancing. A fine building lot 
has been secured at the corner of Seventh Street 
and Market, and it is the intention of the con- 
gregation to erect a handsome chapel. 

The congregation hold services at present in the 
commodious hall at the southwest corner of Third 
Street and Market. The membership is about 
one hundred. A Sunday-school has been con- 
nected with the congregation since its formation. 
It w'as organized with eight pupils, which number 
has gradually increased until at the present time 
(1886) there are over two hundred. The school is 
under the care of the pastor as superintendent, 
and George Boyer as assistant. 

Emanuhi^ United Brkthren Ohurih is sit- 
uated on Line Street, above P'ourth. In 1854 a 
small number of the German jiopulation living in 
the southern part of Camden conceived the feasi- 
bility of organizing a German Emanuel Church ; 
a little Sunday-school had been started, the meet- 
ings being held in the house of Mrs. Louisa 
Moushe, on (Cherry Street, above Third. The par- 
ents of these children soon took an active interest 
in the welfare of the school, and under the guid- 
ance of the Rev. Adam Hinkle, [)reacliing in the 
German language and regular Sunday services 
were held at the above-mentioned house. The 
membership increased, the school prospered, but 
they were unable to build a place of worship. In 
180.5 John Warner, a philanthropist of Philadel- 
phia, and a warm friend of Adam Hinkle, con- 
cluded to build a church for this congregation at 
his own expense, stipulating that the preaching 
should be in the German language, that the church 
should be free to all the poor |>eople of Camden, 
and that the congregation should be under the 
pastoral care of the Rev. Adam Hinkle. In Jan- 
uary, IS.M, the corner-stone of the present church 
was laid. The building is a one-story brick, thir- 
ty by fifty feet, and was dedicated in the same 
511 



year. The Rev. .\dani Hinkle served as pas- 
tor for more than twenty years, and during seven 
years of that time he received no compensation. 
When he was .seventy years old the Conference 
sent him some assistance. In 187(i a paralytic 
stroke <lisabled him, luid lu^ never fully recovered 
his health. He (ii<d in 1S81. Since his death 
the records of the cluircli are, in a mea.sure, in- 
complel(% and the following names and data have 
been furnished by Gasper Tenner, one of the 
clnn<h trustees, who has served continuously since 
the tinie(jf organization. The ministers in suc- 
cession were Revs. Adam Hinkle, Christian Mey- 
ers, R. Deyshur, M. Staetzcl, Daniel Yengst, Henry 
Early, Nii'holas Gabal and Joseph Stcltzer. Dur- 
ing the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Stcltzer there was a 
division in the congregation, and a portion of it 
formed another congregation. The original con- 
gregation adopted the name of the United Breth- 
ren in Christ. Since this change the ministers 
who have officiated are David Hoffman, (iottlicb 
Meyers, Frederick List, M. Muller, Frederick List, 
H, E. Roediger and .1, H. Unger, whose term 
closed in 188o. At present there is no regular 
pastor, and services are conducted every Sunday 
afternoon by Rev. John Light, of Philadelphia. 

Bethel Chi'ikh of the United Brethren in 
Christ is situated on Third Street, below Walnut. 
During the summer of 1878 the Rev. William O. 
Shimp conducted open-air services under the au- 
spices of this denomination at difii?rent points in 
Camden. On the aiiproach of cold w-eather these 
meetings were held in the house of William (iod- 
win, on Third Street, below Line. A mission Sun- 
day-school was also started at this house and con- 
tinued for several months. There were only eight 
members of the original congregation, and si.\ 
children in the mission school. In 1879 the re- 
ligious services and the Sunday-school were re- 
moved to the house of Mrs. Hebler, onPiue Street, 
below Fourth, and the same year a board of trus- 
tees was chosen for the purpose of adopting meas- 
ures to build a church or rent a suitable hall in 
which the congregation could worship. Tliis 
board, alter consideration, recommended the rent- 
ing of the present church, which is owned by Miss 
Sallie Stevens. It is a one-story frame building, 
and was built for a mission school. It formerly 
stood on Locust Street, but was removed to its 
present location. The congregation then wor- 
shipped as Independent Wesleyau Methodists, l)ut 
i n 1 880 the name was changed to " The Methodists,'' 
with a Conference in Philadelphia, under the di- 
rection of Rev. Dr. Kirby. In 1X82 a favorable 
o[)portunity was otlereil to this church to unite 



494 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



with the Society of the Thiited Brethren in Christ, 
and soon after the change was etfected. Since 
this date the congregation has greatly increased in 
number, and fifty children have been added to the 
Sunday-school, which is now under the care of the 
pastor. Early in 1886 Rev. William O. Shimp 
started a mission for services and Sunday-school 
in the frame church on Eighth Street, above Ferry 
Avenue, lately vacated by the Scott Methodist 
Episcopal Church. The Sunday-school connected 
with the mission has twenty-nine members, and 
is superintended by William Stephenson. 

ZioN Church, on the corner of Berkley and 
William Street, is a branch of the Evangelical 
Association of North America. The Camden con- 
gregation originated in 18o4, when the Rev. An- 
drew Ziegenfus, a minister of the Evangelical As- 
sociation of Southwark Mission, Philadelphia, 
came to Camden to officiate at the first meeting of 
this denomination held in this city, at the house 
of Mrs. Louise Mousche, and for a number of 
years services were held in her house, and in the 
little church on Line Street, above Fourth. During 
these years a number of ministers served the con- 
gregation, among whom were the Rev. Adam 
Hinkle, Christian Meyers, Mr. Shimer, R. Dey- 
shur, Henry Stetzel, Daniel Yengst, Henry P^arley, 
Nicholas Cabal, A. S. Steltz, Joseph Steltzer and 
C. Philibar. Under the ministration of the last 
two pastors the present church was built during 
the year 1878. It is a one-story brick building, 
forty by sixty-five feet, with a large auditorium 
and a gallery. The dedicatory services were per- 
formed by Bishop Reuben Dubs, of Cleveland, O. 
The pastors who have since served the congrcga- 
gation were C. Philibar, Antony Straub, C. B. 
Fliehr, A. S. Steltz, G. Redman, O. Arnold and 
Ceorge Hauser. The Sunday-school, which was 
organized when the religious meetings were in- 
augurated, had greatly increased in membershi]> 
when this church was dedicated, having si.xty 
regular attendants, with Henry Daman as super- 
iritetident. At present (188<;) there are about one 
hundred pupils and teachers, and Solomon Fliehr 
is the superintendent. The church membership is 
sixty-five communicants. This congregation is one 
of the missions of the Atlantic Conference, which 
is an exclusively German Conference, having its 
work in New York City, Long Island, New Jersey, 
Pennsylvania, Maryland and in several sea-board 
cities. The ICvangclical Association lia.s at this 
present time twenty-four Conferences, which arc 
located in the United States, Canada, (icrmany, 
and Switzerland, as also a prosperous jnission in 
Japan. 



The Youn« Men'.s Chiustiax AssofiATiox, 
next to the church, and therefore next to the 
heart and head of all religious work, has made great 
strides forward during the past quarter of a cen- 
tury. It was organized October ifi, 1878, at the 
residence of Samuel B. French, corner of Cooper 
Street and Front, by George H. Davis, W. Howard 
Curtiss, Bartram L. Bonsall, Samuel B. French, 
Howard Carrow and I. S. Conover. Mr. Davis 
was chosen chairman, and Mr. Conover secre- 
tary. It was " Resolved, That we, members of 
the church of Christ, and believers in Him, or- 
ganize ourselves into a Young Men's Chris- 
tian Association, to be called The Young Men's 
Christian As.sociation of Camden." W. H. Cur- 
tiss, B. L. Bonsall and Fitch Taylor were ap- 
pointed a committee on organization. Another 
committee was appointed to visit the pastors of the 
city with the view of obtaining their co-operation. 
The next meeting was held in the lecture-room of 
Tabernacle Baptist Church (now the hall of Wm. 
B. Hatch Post, G. A. R.), on the ■24th of the same 
month. By-laws and a constitution were adopted, 
and the officers elected were, — President, George 
H. Davis ; Yice-President, W. H. Bancroft ; {cor- 
responding Secretary, W. Howard Curti.ss; Re- 
cording Secretary, George H. Higbee; Treasurer, 
Bartram L. Bonsall ; Directors, Samuel B. French, 
Fitch Taylor, E. Dallas Stager. H. L. Titus and 
the officers. The association continued to meet in 
the Tabernacle until the 2d of December follow- 
ing, when the first meeting was held in the second 
story front room of the house at 318 Federal 
Street, and here (he association remained during 
the year of lS7!t, growing in membership and in- 
fluence, and carrying forward a good work at the 
Camden jail, at the rooms and at open-air meet- 
ings. 

With the beginning of 188t> the association oc- 
cupied the desired second and third floors of the 
hall now known as the A.ssociation Hall, at Third 
Street and Market. But, notwithstanding the 
limited quarters at 8IS Federal Street, the older 
members still retain jilcasant memories of the year 
spent there, and perhajis it would be entirely 
proper to claim that in no year of its history was 
the devotional work of the association conducted 
with greater enthusiasm. In 18X1 Wilbur F. Rose 
was elected president, and he continued until 
January, 188.'>, during which time the membership 
increased greatly, and W. Il.tieistweit and William 
(retty successively filled the jnist of general secre- 
tary. John J. Robinson became general secretary 
afterward, and in the spring of 1880 George H. 
Barker, general secretary of the Bordentown Asso- 



TUK CITY OF CAMDEN. 



495 



liation, assumed the duties as general sei-relai y "f 
the Camden organization and lias since done very 
ctl'ective work. U|ion the retirement of Mr. liose 
as jiresidfiit, at the close of the year 1884, Walter 
M. I'atton \v;i.s elected president, and is now the 
efiieient head of the association. 

The official minutes show the orticers of the as- 
sociation, from its institution to this date, to have 
licen as follows: 

1S7.S.— President, (xeorge H. l)avis ; Vice I'res- 
iilent, W. H. Bancroft, Corresponding Secretary, 
W. Howard Curtiss; Recording Secretary, George 
H. Higbee; Treasurer, Bartram L. Bonsall ; di- 
rectors, Samuel B. French, Fitch Taylor, K. l)allas 
SLager and Harry L. Titus. 

1879. — I'resident, George H.Davis; Vice-1'res- 
idcnt, William H. Bancroft; Corresponding Sec- 
retary, W. H. Curtiss; Recording Secretary, Jos. 
Alexander; Treasurer, B. L. Bon.sall; Directors, 
Crowell S. Fewsmith, Fitch Taylor, .1. Kelley 
Brown, Thomas S. Gonover. 

1880.--President, George H.Davis; Vice-Pres- 
ident, Robert P. Stewart; General Secretary, W. 
H. Curtiss ; Recording Secretary, Dilwy n C. Cliver ; 
Treasurer, B. L. Bonsall ; Directors, James E. 
Leadley, Samuel R. Murray, J. Kelley Brown, C. 
S. Fewsmith, S. H. Higbee, Westcott Campbell, 
Thomas S. Conover, S. G. Wallace, Carlton M. 
Williams, Charles H. Armstrong. 

ISSl. — President, Wilbur F.Rose; Vice-Pres- 
ident, Robert P.Stewart; General Secretary, W. 
H.Curti,ss; Financial Secretary, Asa L. Curtis; 
Treasurer, B. L. Bonsall; Directors, George H. 
Davis, A. Leddeu Iszard, C. M. Williams, C. A. 
Hotchkiss, J. E. Leadley, S. G. Wallace, E. M. 
Howard, M.D., G. H. Higbee, E. Shivers, E. H. 
Piummer. 

1882.— President, Wilbur F. Rose; Vice-Presi- 
dent, Robert P. Stewart ; General Secretary, Geo. 
H. Davis; Recording Secretary, Clitlbrd W. Shinn ; 
Treasurer, Bartram L. Bonsall ; Directors, Harris 
Grafien, E. M. Howard, M.D., A. L. Iszard, Saml. 
Finney, S. G. Wallace, C. A. Hotchkiss, E. H. 
Piummer, Asa L. Curtis, G. H. Higbee, Carlton 
M. Williams. 

1883.— President, Wilbur F.Rose; \'ice-Pres- 
ident, E. M. Howard, M.D.; General Secretary, 
W. S. Geistweit; Recording Secretary, Harris 
Ciraft'en ; Treasurer, George H. Higbee ; Directors, 
.1. Lynn Truscott, Harry Humphreys, Carlton M. 
Williams, C. A. HotchkLss, S Bryan Smith, Robt. 
1'. Stewart, Samuel Finney, George H. Davis, F. 
W. Ayer. 

1884.— President, Wilbur V. Rose; Vice-Pres- 
ident, E. M. Howard, M.D. ; Treasurer, G. H. 



IHgbee; Recording Secretary, J. Eynn Truscott; 
Directors, E. H. Bryan, Samuel Russell, t!arlton 
M. Williams, Walter M. Patton, Oscar C. Molan, 
E. E. Read, Jr., J. T. Harker, Harry Humphreys, 
E. A. Armstrong, Louis T. Derousse, Thomas H. 
Harris, E. R. Smiley, M.D. ; George E. Taylor, 
David M. Chambers, J. L. Truscott. 

188.").— President, Wilbur F.Rose; Vice-Presi- 
dent, E. JL Howard, M.D. ; Treasurer, Harry M. 
Anderson; Directors, E. H. Bryan, (). C. Molan, 
E. M. Howard, Sanniel Russell, Walter M. Patton, 
Harry Humphreys, Carlton M. William.s, George 
II. Higbee, R. P. Stewart, E. A. Armstrong, Bar- 
tram L. Bonsall, Joim T. Seymour, S. G. Wallace, 
E. H. Piummer, Charles Danenhower. 

188(i.— President, Walter M. Patton; Vice-Pres- 
ident, E. M. Howard, M.U.; Recording Secretary, 
John F. Seymour ; Treasurer, Harry M. Anderson ; 
Directors, Carlton M. Williams, ( )scar C. Molan, 
E. H. Bryan, E. A. Armstrong, S. G. Wallace, B. 
L. Bonsall, W. F. Rose, J. E. Roberts, Charles L. 
Reeves, Christian Schrack, A. E. Street. 

"The Ladies' Auxiliary of the Young Men's 
Christian Association," one of its noblest supports, 
was organized in the hall on the ir)th of January, 
1883, a preliminary meeting having been held on 
the 10th. At the second meeting the following 
officials were chosen for the year : President, Mrs. 
H. L. Hotchkiss; Vice-President, Mrs. Wilbur F. 
Rose; Treasurer, Mrs. Harris Graften ; Secretary, 
L. W. Hurlbut. The Auxiliary from that date 
steadily grew in power for good, and it is now a 
most etiective agency for the promotion of the ob- 
jects of the association. 

Church of the Im.macolate Conception. — 
The few Catholics residing in C'amden nearly forty 
years ago were content to attend divine service in a 
poorly-furnished room in the old City Hall, which 
stood on the south side of Federal Street, above 
Fourth, where the present market is located. 

There are not many now living who j>articipated 
in those services, but the few who still remain have 
had the satisfaction of .seeing the little mission 
grow to a congregation numbering four thousand 
souls, and possessing church property valued at 
two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. 

Rev, E. J. Waldron, who was attached to the 
Cathedral Parish, Philadelphia, is the first priest 
who is known to have attended to the spiritual 
wants of the Catholics of (Camden. He celebrated, 
on every other Sunday, the Holy Sacrifice of 
the Mass in the old City Hall for some time, but 
it was deemed wise to select another place of wor- 
ship. The residence of the late Henry M. lunis, 
on the south side of Bridge Avenue, above Third 




^i^^ 





THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



497 



Diime, Ind. They came to icsiile in tlie lioiise he 
hail speeially built tor their use on the ehureh 
grounds, and have had charge of the boys' sciiool 
since their arrival. By constant etlorts this prop- 
erty has been improved and at this moment it is 
acknowledged that no other congregation in this 
city possesses a church property equal to it in val- 
ue. The church members are not wealthy, but out 
of their slender means they have paid oil' a large 
debt and supported schools having an average at- 
tendance of four hundred and fifty children. 

Rev. p. J. FiTzsiMMON.s, of this church, was 
born in the year 1840, near the town of Virginic, 
County Cavan, Ireland, and received his early 
education at a national school in that town. At 
the age of sixteen he commenced his classical 
course in Mr. O'Reilly's school, and in 1S5'J 
entered All Hallows College, Dublin, and after 
three years' study there came to America, located 
in Quebec, Canada, and entered the Grand Semi- 
nary, where he was ordained to the priesthood in 
December, 1853. His first mission was in King- 
ston, Ont., where he worked two years and began 
his useful career. He was then promoteil to th<' 
parish of Centreville, in that diocese, where he 
labored with success ; but owing to ill health ami 
the severity of the climate, he was forced to seek 
another field of labor, and coming to New Jersey, 
entered upon mission work in Mount Holly. After 
some months he was transferred to St. Joseph's 
Church, Jersey City, to assist the Rev. A. Venuta, 
by Rt. Rev. Bishop Bayley. Two years later he 
was appointed to the parish of Dover, N. J., but 
ill health soon compelled him to go to Euro[)e, 
where he remained nearly a year. After his return 
he went to St. John's Church, Trenton, and upon 
the death of Rev. John Mackin, the Rt. Rev. 
Bishop Corrigan appointed Rev. P. Byrne, rector 
(if St. John's, and Father Fitzsimmons was trans- 
ferred in 18":-! to the Church of the Immaculate 
Conception, where he has since labored zealously 
and effectively and done much to advance the 
interests of the parish, spiritually and materially. 

St. Peter's .\nd St. Paul's German Catho- 
lic Church.— In 1867 a number of the German 
people of Camden, who had been worshipping in 
the Church of the Immaculate Conception, of this 
city, with a few persons who had been connected 
with other Roman Catholic Churches, met at the 
house of Anthony Kobus, at No. 419 Spruce Street. 
This meeting was under the .supervision of 
Rev. Father Joseph Thurnes, of Egg Harbor, and 
was called for the purpose of appointing a commit- 
tee to select and purchase a suitable location for 
building a church, or a suitable building already 



erected, lor a place of worship. John Wel.-^li, \'al- 
entine Voll, Anthony Kubus and Anthony N'oll 
were appointed as a committee. Soon after, hear- 
ing that the church property of the Second Baptist 
Church, on Fourth Street, could be obtained, the 
committee purchased it for the sum of four thou- 
sand dollars, in January, 18(58. After a few alter- 
ations were made, the church was dedicated by 
^'icar-General McC^uade, of the Diocese of New 
Jersey. Rev. Father Joseph Thurnes wiis placed 
in charge, and in a short time seventy families 
united with the congregation. A Sunday-school 
was organized, which meets in the basement of the 
church building. In 1869 the committee was au- 
thorized to enlarge this building. An extension of 
twenty feet to the rear was built, and other altera- 
tions and improvements were nuide the same year. 
Rev. Father Thurnes remained with the church 
until 1833. Under his care and supervision a 
parsonage, school-house and hall were built, and a 
day-school established, in which English and Ger- 
man were taught to a large number of pupils. 
Rev. Father Francis Neubauer and Rev. Father 
Peter Scharoun, of the I'rancisoan Order, then as- 
sumed charge of the church, and under their care 
the congregation has prospered and increased, and 
the schools have gained in numbers. All indebt- 
edness on the church has been canceled. About 
one thousand persons form the congregation, and 
three hundred children are taught in the Sunday- 
school and day-schools. The congregation is now 
preparing to erect a large and commodious house 
of worship. 



CHAPTER VI. 



THE SCHOOLS. 



Early Sihools in Camden— The I'ublii-Scliool .Systeiu— Tlie New 
Kra— Progress since 1879— Newton Debating .Society— Tlie Wortli- 
ington Library — Private Schools— West Jer.scy Orphanage. 

Early Schools in Camden. — It is impossible 
to give an accurate history of the earliest schools 
in Camden. The plan for the original town of 
Camden provided a site for a school-house, which 
was built during the period of the Revolutionary 
War. Some of the churches in early days sup- 
ported schools, and the Friends at all times, and 
even to-day, have supported excellently-managed 
schools in connection with their Meetings. 

The old Camden Academy was the most prom- 
inent educational institution in the city for half a 
century. The building was erected in 1803, and 
stood on the site of the Genge school building at 



498 



IITSTOr.Y OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



the corner of Sixtli and Market Streets. The Ian J 
upon which it wa.s situated was given by George 
Genge. The schools in it were conducted by a 
number of teachers with varied success, frequent 
changes being made. Edward lUillock taught in 
this building for a time. 

In ISSf) John M. Souler took the upper room of 
the academy and taught all the English branches, 
at $2.50 per quarter. 

The Hatch School-house was one of the early 
educational institutions of (Camden. It was situ- 
ated near what is now the corner of Seventh and 
Pearl Streets, a short distance from the Diamond 
Cottage, and was the place where many of the 
youths of Camden and vicinity, half a century 
or more ago, obtained the rudiments of an educa- 
tion. The school-house was within a dense grove, 
through which were paths leading to it. Among 
the prominent teachers of this school was Edward 
Butcher, who became postmaster of Camden in 
1838. Benjamin F. Davis was another of the 
teachers at this school. 

In 182") Jacob L. Rowan taught a school at the 
southeast corner of Third and Market Streets. 
Benjamin Ferris opened a singing-school in the 
"Town House," December 11, 1835. Oliver Cox, 
a graduate of Cambridge University, England, in 
March, 183(J, opened the Camden Classical School, 
designed to fit young men for college. The same 
year and month Sarah and Hannah Eastlack 
opened a seminary for girls, on Cooper Street, 
opposite the residence of Richard M. Cooper. 

Ira Bisbee, in 1835, advertised that he would 
open an English school, for both sexes, in the 
basement of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and 
announced that those who wished " to attend to the 
science of Grammar could be taught in the eve- 
ning — not parrotorically, but by Brown's American 
System — according to the constructive genius of 
our language." Isaiah Toy, Edward D. Roe and 
John K. Cowperthwait announced that the}', as a 
committee, had visited Mr. Bisbee's school and 
were highly pleased. 

At the general town-meeting, held March 10, 
1835, the subject of the public schools was discussed, 
and a committee to consider the matter was ap- 
pointed, — John K. Cowperthwait, Richard Fetters, 
J. L. Reese, Isaiah Toy, Rev. S. Starr, Rev. Wil- 
liam Granville, Rev. T. C. Teasdale, Benjamin 
Allen, Charles Kaiglin, William Ridgeway and 
J. W. Cooper. 

In 1835 Rev. T. C. Teasdale opened a French 
and English Boarding and Day-School, of which 
Demorris was teacher of French and " Musick." 

Isaiah .fov in 1837 advertised for a teacher to 



conduct a primary school in the " l)ascment of the 
Methodist Church." 

Rev. M. Shepherd conducted a Female Academy 
in 1835, his daughter assisting him as a teacher. 

The Seminary of St. Paul's Church was con- 
ducted by Miss Mary M. Archer in 1837. 

In 1837 P. M. Gowen was principal of the 
" Writing, Mercantile and Mathenuitical School " 
in the Camden Academy. The same year Oliver 
Cox became principal of a school in the " liase- 
ment of the Methodist Church." 

"A Select Classical and English Boarding- 
School " was started by W. S. Barton, September 
19, 1838. In May, 1838, Camden was divided into 
two school districts. 

A school-house and house of worship was dedi- 
cated in Fettersville in May, 1840. Miss Turner 
had a school "near the Market" in 1842. Mr. 
Hough had a classical and mathematical school, 
which was afterwards conducted by Rev. F. Knigh- 
ton in 1845. 

In 1S52 F. H. R(jthpletz was priucijial of the 
Camden Academy ; Miss Henrietta Rothpletz was 
assistant. 

The Young Ladies' Institute, with H. T. Tims- 
dale as principal, was opened in 1852. 

The Camden " High School for Boys " was 
opened by J. D. Higgins in 1854. 

The " Camden Grove School," taught by Rev. 
Knighton, was taken by Rev. Northrop in 1854. 

Lafayette and Talleyrand Grover, the former of 
whom became Governor of Oregon, and later 
United States Senator from the same State, taught 
a select school in Camden for a number of years. 

At the request of State Superintendent Apgar, 
in 1879, Henry L. Bonsall, who for several years 
served as city superintendent of schools, prepared 
an historical sketch of the rise and progress of the 
public school system of Camden. Having very 
kindly allowed the use of it, the information em- 
bodied in the following pages, containing the his- 
tory of the public schools to 1879, was mostly com- 
piled from his work : 

The Public School System.— The first re- 
corded evidence of intention to better this con- 
dition of things occurs in the minute of a meeting 
of the "School Trustees of the Township of 
Camden," at the house of Dr. Isaac S. Mulford, 
April t), 1843, when Richard Fetters was ap- 
pointed chairman and treasurer, and B. A. Ham- 
mell secretary. .1. C. De La Cour and the secre- 
tary were appointe<l to provide books for the 
officers, and "Jesse Smith was employed to assess 
the number of children that may be eligible to the 
schools." The schools were ordered to be opened 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



499 



about the 11th of May, the yearly sahiry of the 
male teacher not to exceed six hundred dollars, 
and of the female, four hundred dollars. Cobb's 
school-books were adopted. Messrs. De La Vinir 
and Rhees were appointed to procure one hundred 
and seventy-four large and seventy-four small 
slates. Mr. Miller was chosen teacher, and Messrs. 
Cole, Cowperthwait and Rhees directed to inquire 
into character and qualifications. 

On the 26th -of April, 1843, it was ordered that 
a colored school be opened under the same regu- 
lations as the white school, and George Shreeve 
was appointed its teacher at a salary of seventeen 
dollars per month. On May 8th rooms in the 
academy were fitted up, and in it the first public 
school in Camden was inaugurated. This school 
continued with varying success. In KS45, the 
trustees met at the Niagara Fire Company's engine- 
house, with Dr. Isaac S. Mulford as president. 
Philander C. Brinck secretary, and J. C. I>e La 
Cour treasurer. 

The trustees then went to work in earnest, and 
this is the point the progress of the schools |iroperly 
dates from. The members of the Board of Educa- 
tion then were Franklin Ferguson, Joseph C. De 
La Cour, Samuel H. Morton, Philander C. Brinck, 
Jesse Smith, Joseph Taylor, David Brown, Isaac 
S. Mulford, and Thomas Chapman. David Brown 
reported the census of children of school age in 
Camden to be nine hundred and seventy-four 
white and fifty-nine colored. An examination of 
teachers was ordered to be held on the 14th of the 
ensuing month, the president of the board to con- 
duct the same, when Messrs. English, I'lotts and 
Hall and Miss Thomas were passed as candidates. 
Following this report came a resolution of the 
board, which reads strangely in the light of this 
generation : " Resolved, That the circumstance of 
Mr. English being a, foreigtier, we will decline ex- 
amining his papers or credcatials," the president 
alone dissenting, when Mr. English, who passed 
first, was ignored, and Conly Plotts was elected 
principal of the first grammar school, at a salary 
of four hundred and fifty dollars a year, Miss 
Thonuis being chosen for the primary school. 
This action concerning Mr. English was taken 
when party spirit ran fiercely, about a year after 
the Philadelphia riots of 1844. 

.\ school was now opened at Kaighns Point, and 
a lax of one dollar and a quarter levied on the 
N(irth t'amden grammar scholars, and seventy- 
five cents for the Nortli and the South Primary 
Schools. The tax was to be paid in advance when 
the permits were given out, and as but seventy 
permits were reported issued for the entire .juris- 



liictiou, it shows that the lax did not work satis- 
factorily, not one-tenth of the eligibles attending 
the schools. As it kept children out who would 
otherwise have been in, alter a few years' imposi- 
tion, it was abandoiud. In 1847 the colored school 
designed for South ('anidcn had not yet been estab- 
lished, "owing to the ditficulty of i)rocuring a room 
at a moderate rent." Sarah Kaighn devised a lot 
for school purposes. In resjionse to repeated peti- 
tions for the school, Ishmael Lack was appointed to 
take charge of and secure pupils at the rate of the 
aforesaid sum of seventy-five cents per capita, but 
one year thereafter the school was discontinued, 
owing to the lack of funds, though shortly after 
this the treasurer's annual report showed three hun- 
dred and seventy-eight dollars received from the 
State and five hundred and fifty-four dollars from 
the county, which report, in the invariable phrase 
of Ebenezer Nicholls, secretary, was " excepted," his 
successor, F. Fleisner, crediting James Elwell for 
"cole." In 1850 the schools of North Camden 
were opened and Pardon Davis was elected the 
male and Harriet L. Hauiitman the female teacher 
The propriety and necessity of the City Council 
paying to the board the amount of money due for 
school purposes was argued before that body by 
the committee, Isaac Porter, Thomas W. Mulford 
and Matthew Miller, Jr., who also proposed a two 
mill tax for the same purpose. 

In 1851 the board oj)eued a school tor female 
pupils at Washington Hall, South Camden, and 
one for male pupil's at Kaighns Point. H. \\. 
Chadwick, M. E. Thomas. Pardon Davis, Eli/abeth 
Brown, A. Rudderow, H. L. Haujitman, Harriet 
N. King and E. A. ]''vans were the eight teachers 
then employed in the city. 

The second census was taken in June, \)^'\'l, when 
there were in the Nortli Ward, helween the ages of 
five and eighteen years, tiriti pupils; Middle Ward, 
8iMI ; !<outh Ward, 12(i2, and this increase, from 
about 1000 to nearly 3000, necessitated the discon- 
tinuance of the renting of rooms, whereiii>on a 
committee was appointed to wait on the City Coun- 
cil and ascertain whether that body woulil borrow 
money for the jiurpose of building school-houses. 
The committee also reported that a building capa- 
ble of accommodating six hundred jiupils, includ- 
ing all necessary heating and ventilating appara- 
tus, could be had for from six to seven th<iusan<l 
dollars ; the size of such building would be nlioni 
forty-five feet front by seventy-five leet deep. aii<l 
two stories high. The committee further suggested 
that application be made to the Council for such 
loan, and in case of refusal, that the board apjily 
to the Legislature for power to borrow. Isaac W. 



500 



HISTORY OF CA^MDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Mickle thereupon moved that the Legislature be 
notified of the intention of the Iward to draft a 
bill modifying the school system of the city, which 
was the first intimation of a declaration of inde- 
pendence on the part of the board. Notice was 
then given of two acts: one to incorporate the 
Board of Education of the City of Camden, and 
the other to enable the City (Jouncil to borrow 
eight thousand dollars for the erection of the new 
school-house in the South Ward, a contract for 
which had already been entered into by Mr. ShroH'; 
which acts were subsequently granted, and the 
board became an independent body, from which 
time tlie progress of education kept pace with the 
increase of population. The " Kaighn School," 
covered by the contract of Mr. Shrofl', was the first 
building erected by the board, the land for which 
was donated by the Kaighn family — giving rise to 
the reflection that while the Friends, or " people 
called Quakers" prefer to educate their own chil- 
dren rather than avail themselves of public tuition, 
they have nevertheless been liberal and zealous in 
promoting the cause of public education, and their 
names live in the Kaighn School, the Cooper 
School and the Mulford School. 

The New Era.— The first meeting ot "The 
Board of Education of the City of Camden " waa 
held April 3, 1854. Messrs. Drury, of the former, 
and De La Cour, of the newly-organized board, 
were enrolled, and Mr. Drury became principal 
of Cooper Hill School. A census of the children 
for that year showed in the North Ward 816 pu- 
pils; Middle Ward, 1193; South Ward, 1559,— 
total, 3668. The Kaighn Schocd was finished and 
opened with eight teachers, the only one of whom 
remaining is the estimable and efficient principal 
of Mulford Grammar and Kaighn Primary, Harriet 
N. King. The Kaighn School building cost eight 
thousand six hundred and eighty-eight dollars. 
The contractor was Mr. Shrofl". 

At this period the board passed a resolution 
directing principals to refrain from the use of the 
rod as a means of correction, and if used at 
all, that it be after school hours. Near the close 
of the year Messrs. Ott, Trimble and Nicholls 
were appointed to consider the best arrangements 
for erecting a school in the North Ward, from 
which, in due time, came the George Genge 
School. Clayton Truax, treasurer, in his pub- 
lished statement, on February 11th, credited him- 
self with $16,142, as against $12,337 expended, and 
a balance of $3804, certified to by Joseph Trim- 
ble, Lewis Seal and Sylvester Burdsall. Twenty- 
two years after (1876) the receipts were $152,626, 
and the expenditures $120,485, twelve new school- 



houses having been erected in that time. In this 
year James M. Cassady commenced an active career 
in the interests of public education. His first 
missionary labor was the finally successful attempt 
to convert the City Council into a disposition to 
hand over to the board the amount of two thousand 
four hundred and eighty-one dollars, which was 
adju.sted by Benjamin Browning, Samuel Lytle 
and William Sharpe, on the part of the Council, 
and Messrs. Cassady, Dorinan & N-icholls, repre- 
senting the board. 

In 18o8 Mr. De La Cour was elected president, 
S. Burdsall secretary, and. Clayton Truax treas- 
urer. Mr. Dorman reported the census of school 
children to be 4005,— North Ward, 1098 ; Middle 
Ward, 1325 ; South Ward, 1591. Kaighn School 
building was the only one owned by the board. 
At the November meeting Charles Cox was ap- 
pointed to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resig- 
nation of Dr. Sartori, in Berkley Street School ; 
and it is a noteworthy fact that many of the 
early principals afterwards occupied the foremost 
social and political positions in the city. 

In 1859 Mr. Cassady was elected .secretary of 
the board, the old ofiicers, with this exception, 
being re-elected. The number of school children 
had increased to four thousand three hundred and 
seventy-four. Messrs. Dorman, Cassady and 
Sides, as a committee on qualifications, reported 
that " very little can be accomplished without a 
proper organization and classification of the 
schools, and believing that much improvement 
can be made by a reorganization of the 
schools of the Middle Ward, asked for author- 
ity for that purpose." The .same committee sub- 
sequently reported Grammar, Secondary and Pri- 
mary Departments as indispensable, the whole to 
be under the direct supervision of the male prin- 
cipal. A system of examinations and promotions 
was also devised, and the first attempt at a more 
complete and systematic arrangement inaugurated. 
At the end of the vacation Datus Drury resigned. 
David W. Bartine was appointed to the North Ward 
Grammar School ; Charles A. Singer, Jliddle 
Ward Grammar School ; Kate L. Rudderow, prin- 
cipal of Berkley .Street Secondary ; and Anna M. 
Stack, Paper-Mill School. In .\pril, I860, a com- 
mittee was authorized to procure a room for a 
Primary School at Coopers Point, rent not to ex- 
ceed six dollars per month, and teacher, two hun- 
dred and fifty dollars per annum ; the number of 
scholars in room being limited to sixty-four. The 
subject of corporal punishment evidently bothered 
the board as much as it did the teachers, a 
number of resolutions and suggestions being 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



501 



tabled by the adoptiuii of a motion of Mr. Morris, 
"that it is inexpedient to enact any further laws 
on the subject,"' which conclusion, however, was 
only a temporary palliative to the opposition, 
which lasted as long as the barbarous practice en- 
dured. 

On motion of Thomas McKeen, Richard Fetters 
addressed the board, in ]8fil, on the |>ropriety of 
Selling Sixth and Plum lot and building at Fifth 
and Plum. This is the last minute found relating 
to Richard Fetters, who, next to Dr. Mulford and 
the members of the first board, was the oldest friend 
of popular education. 

Dr. Ridge, in the spirit of inquiry, improvement 
and innovation which characterized his efforts in 
the cause of education, succeeded, in 18G2, in 
having the pantographic plan of teaching intro- 
duced into some of the city schools. It appears 
from the records of lS(i3 that the election for offi- 
cers of the board was not contested with the same 
degree of interest which has marked subsequent 
elections. Dr. Ridge and Dr. Birdsell having been 
nominated for president, on motion of Dr. Ridge, 
Dr. Birdsell was elected by acclamation, Mr. Cas- 
sady continuing as secretary, and Mr. Sides suc- 
ceeding Thomas A. Wilson as treasurer. James 
M. Scovel seems to have exercised a potent influ- 
ence in changing the location of the Genge School, 
then in course of construction, to the centre of the 
i lot at Sixth, Market and Arch. Severns & AVard 

were the contractors for this second building, 
which, in its day, was considered a model school 
structure, as was the Kaighn School, which, at the 
suggestion of Dr. Middloton, the oldest school in 
the city, became one of the best-lighted and 
most thoroughly ventilated of the modernized 
buildings. The number of school children had 
increased to 4773,— North Ward, 1318; Middle 
Ward, 1545; South Ward, 1910,— South Ward 
then, as since, having been more mindful of the 
divine injunction. 

William Fewsmith entered the board at this pe- 
riod, and ever after, until his resignation, took an 
active and intelligent part in its deliberations. 
Afterward, in assuming and discharging the duties 
of the first superintendency of the same, he 
methodized and systematized the working of the 
daily growing to be more complicated machinery, 
until the present admirable system was more 
nearly perfected. 

The Genge School building being finished, the di- 
visions of the Berkley Street School were removed 
to it, that building vacated and the schools con- 
solidated, while an examination was ordered for 
teachers to take charge of the new divisions. The 
60 



teachers selected were E. A. Singer, principal ; as- 
sistants, Sidney L. Anderson, Sallie G. Rudderow, 
C. Callett, Ellie E. Fenton and Jennie James. In 
the Girls' Department: Sallie Walker, principal; 
Kate L. Rudderow, Louisa Ash, Sallie T. Brown, 
Edith Heany and Rachel Brevoort. A Teachers' 
Association was in operation at this period, which 
developed into -a Teachers' Institute. A general 
increase in the inade(|uate salaries of teachers was 
made at this time. In 1866 the organization was 
effected by the choice of Thomas G. Rowand, 
M.D., as president, and the continuance of the 
other officers, changes in these positions being 
rarely made. Night-schools were first established 
in December of this year; yet, although all the ap- 
pliances needed were furnished, they seem to have 
been but indifferently successful. Edwin A. 
Stevens, of Hoboken, N. J., having donated the 
lot on which the new Jfiddle Ward School was 
built in 1867, it was therefore called the "Stevens 
School." The donation of this lot was the last of 
ficial act of Mr. Stevens prior to his departure for 
Europe, from which he never returned. William 
B. Mulford was the contractor for the erection of 
this elegant school building, with fifteen divisions, 
affording ro<jms for the General Book Depository, 
the meeting-room of the board and the sessions of 
the Normal Glass. 

On the completion of the Stevens School, in 1868, 
the Plum and Elm Street rooms were vacated, the 
scholars transferred, and W. L. Sayre was ap- 
pointed principal of the boys' department, and 
Hope Anthony of the girls' department of the new 
school; C. Henry Kain taking the principulship of 
the North Ward Boys', and Kate L. Rudilerow of 
the Girls' School ; while N. J. Morrison and Miss 
E. J. Peddle were respectively appointed to the 
South Ward School. The South Ward Colored 
School was placed in charge of D. G. Harris, and 
in 18(!!> an additional colored school was estab- 
lished at Third Street and Mount Vernon. 

April, 187(1, Dr. J. M. Ridge was elected presi- 
dent, and Dr. Alexander Mecray superintendent, 
the other officers being re-elected. 

The census of school children was reported by 
Thomas McDowell to be five thousand two hun- 
dred and ninety-one, and to provide for the pres- 
sure, a house on Cooper Street and a portion of the 
Baptist Church, Fourth and Mount Vernon, were 
rented tor primary purposes. The salaries of the 
three male principals were fixed at fifteen hundred 
dollars, and of the three fenuile principals at seven 
hundred and fifty dollars each. 

The State Teachers' Association meeting in Cam- 
den in 1871, Mayor Charles Cox, Rudolphus 



502 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Bingham and Henry B. Wilson were appointed to 
welcome the educators of the State. 

A revision of the Camden City Charter at this 
time annexed the suburbs of Newton township, 
dividing the city into eight wards and giving two 
members to the board from eacli ward. 

The propriety of teaching the elements of mu- 
sic became so apparent in 1872 that Mr. England^ 
from the Special Committee on Music, report- 
ed in favor of the employment of E. F. Batch- 
elor and the use of ])antographic charts in the ex- 
emplitication of the Wilhelm Hulda System, which 
continued three years. In the fall of the year C 
Henry Kain succeeded Mr. Sayre as principal ot 
Stevens School ; William H. Samuel was assigned 
to Genge School, Horatio Draper to Liberty and 
Geoffrey Buckwalter to Central Avenue, the newer 
teachers then, as since, taking the lower schools 
and making their way up to the higher grade 
schools as vacancies occurred. 

The school-house for colored children on Mount 
Vernon Street was finished and the Third and 
Mount Vernon school abandoned. William H. F. 
Armstead was appointed principal, and Henry 
Boyer placed in charge of the Ferry Road Colored 
School — these two schools providing ample accom- 
modation for all the colored children in the city. 

The Cooper School was built by the board in 
1874, with Samuel Monroe as contractor, at a cost 
of thirty thousand nine hundred and seventy- 
three dollars. It is pronounced one of the finest 
school buildings in the State, and was dedicated 
in the presence of the State and county superin- 
tendents and other dignitaries, Walt Whitman 
reading the dedication poem, and addresses being 
delivered by the State, county and city superintend- 
ents, President Eittenhouse, Principal Samuels, 
J. M. Cassady and Controller Milligan, of Phila- 
delphia. The following is Walt Whitman's poem : 



OF SCILOOL. 



An old man's thought of school : 
An old man, gathering youthful 
it»elf cannot. 



Now only do I know you ! 
O fair auroral skies ! m 



ng dew upon the grass ! 



And these 1 see — these sparkling eyes, 

Tiiese stores of mystic meaning — these young lives, 

Building, equipping, like a fleet of ships — immortal ships ! 

Soon to sail out over the measureless seas, 

On the Soul's voyage. 

Only a lot of boys and girls ? 

Only the tiresome spelling, writing, ciphering classes ? 

Only a Public School ? 

Ah more — infinitely more ; 

(As George Fox rais'd his warning cry, ' Is it this pile of brick and 
mortar — these dead floors, windows, rails— you call the church ? 



Why (his is not the church at all— the Church is living, ever living 
Soule.") 

And you America, 

Cast you the real reckoning for your present ? 

The lights and shadows of your future — good or evil ? 

To girlhood, boyhood look — the Teacher and the School." 

April, 1874, the new board organized with David 
Rittenhouse, president; J. L. De La Cour, treas- 
urer; William C. Figner, secretary ; H. L. Bon- 
sall, superintendent. This opened another new 
era in the operations of the board in the regulation 
of the educational system ; the old law, empower- 
ing the meiubers of the board to furnish supplies, 
etc., having been repealed, and all personal 
monetary interests being removed from its mem- 
bership. 

The number of teachers was seventy-four ; the 
number of scholars three thousand eight hundred 
and nineteen. The school census reported over 
eight thousand children of school age, showing 
that about one-half the school ]»opulation was then 
engaged in work or pursuits disqualifying them 
from public tuition, except as they are further 
provided for by a dozen excellent parochial and 
private schools. Evidence of the thoroughness of 
the instruction in the schools is furnished in an 
examination report of this period, in which it is 
shown that nearly all the candidates for teachers' 
certificates were pupils of the grammar schools, 
and while the requirements for qualification were 
in no sense lowered, more than twenty of those 
pupils in the first division passed creditably. 

Mr. Kain, who afterwards became a member of 
the board, resigned in September, 1874, to take 
the Northwest Grammar School, Philadelphia ; 
Mr. Buckwalter was transferred to Stevens School, 
thence to Cooper, exchanging places with Mr. 
Samuel ; and Philip Cressman appointed to Cen- 
tral Avenue, Mr. Fry going to the Liberty School. 
The Legislature, in 1875, gave authority to the 
board to borrow fifty thousand dollars ; three 
brown stone two-story school-houses were built in 
the lower section of the city, — in the Eighth Ward 
the John W. Mickle School, and in the Fifth the 
Isaac W. Mulford School and the Richard Fetters 
School, each named after worthy citizens of Cam- 
den who years ago took an active interest in the 
educational welfare of the city. These buildings 
were erected by the contractor, M. E. Harden, a 
former member of the board, and are a credit to 
the foresight and intelligence of John H. Dialogue, 
who was instrumental in their construction. One 
of the acquisitions to the board for a single term, 
at this period, was William Curtiss, from the First 
Ward. 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



503 



The Centennial year energized educators, as it 
did everybody and everything else. The State 
superintendent having notified the schools that 
an educational exhibit would be expected from 
New Jersey, Camden contributed her quota to an 
aggregate otHcially pronounced in most resi)ects 
fi|ual, and in several particulars superior, to the 
exhibits of other States and countries. James M. 
Cassady was the Centennial president, and J. L. 
De La Cour, son of the first treasurer, succeeded 
to the treasury so long guarded by the father. In 
1877, B. Frank Sutton became president, William 
T. Bailey treasurer, Charles W. Knight remaining 
secretary, having succeeded William C. Figner. 
The Stevens Primary School, built during the 
Centennial year, is an admirable structure. The 
old Kaighn School-house, under the supervision of 
Messrs. Dialogue, Davis, Pierce, Middleton and 
Perkins, was remodeled in 187G and made a most 
desirable school building, the work being done by 
E. Allen Ward. 

After several unsuccessful attempts to set up the 
new adjunct to the system, the Normal Class was 
finally established this year through the agency 
of Messrs. Middleton, Cassady and Pierce, com- 
mittee on teachers — Philip Cressman being ap- 
pointed principal, and Charles K. Middleton filling 
the vacancy in the Mickle School occasioned by 
the transfer. The Normal Class was originally de- 
signed as a preparatory school for teachers, to su|i- 
plement the policy of the board in selecting can- 
didates from its own schools. In June, 1878, its 
first class was graduated. For some time previous 
to this period the school census had increased to 
more than ten thousand, and the matter of provid- 
ing accommodations excited attention, being prin- 
cipally urged by Messrs. Currie and Middleton, of 
the First District, and lots for a new school-house 
were secured. Temporary accommodation was af- 
forded through rented rooms and the adoption of 
a half-day session. 

At the expiration of the school year of 1878, 
William H. Samuel, following the example of 
Messrs. Bartine, Boyer, Sayre, Kain, Singer and 
other efficient Camden ])rincipals, resigned the 
principalshipof the Stevens ISchool to take a school 
in the Thirty-first Section, Philadelphia, when 
George E. Fry was promoted to the Stevens School 
and E. F. Way was appointed to the Liberty 
School. At the next meeting of the board the 
first formal visit of Philadelphia school officials 
took place, when addresses of mutual congratula- 
tion were delivered. 

The Public Schools since 1879.— For the 
history of the public schools of Camden since 



1879, acknowledgments are due Cieo. E. Fry, the 
eflicient princii)al of the Second School Distri(^tof 
Camden. 

The important items of interest relating to the 
schools for the year 1879 are as follows : Officers of 
the school board elected — B. Frank Sutton, presi- 
dent ; Charles W. Knight, secretary ; William T. 
Bailey, treasurer ; Henry L. Bonsall, superin- 
tendent. Drawing and theory of teaching were 
added to the branches required for teachers' ex- 
aminations. Westlake's Spellers, Steel's Physics 
and Kellogg's Language Lesson Books were adopted 
for use in the schools. The teachers' committee 
was composed of Dr. M. F. Middleton, James M. 
Cassady, J. C. De La Cour and D. B. Litzenberg. 
The tax rate for school purposes was four and one- 
half mills. The crowded primary schools were 
given two classes of pupils, each class attending 
school one-half of the day; July 7th, the contract 
for constructing the Northeast School building 
corner of Seventh and Vine Streets, was awarded to 
Joseph Butcher for eleven thousand three hundred 
and forty-eight dollars; the building committee 
were Charles F. Curry, Joseph B. Fox, John H. 
Dialogue and Davis B. Litzenberg ; school popula- 
tion in September was eleven thousand nine 
hundred and seventy-eight; Buckwalter's S|)ellers 
were adopted for use in the schools. 

In January, 1880, the Northeast School building, 
at Seventh and Vine Streets, was finished and 
accepted by the board, and in February, Miss Mary 
Burrough was appointed principal. In March the 
board passed a resolution granting third-class 
certificates to all teachers who held fourth class 
certificates, and had taught five years. 

In April Mr. B. F. Sutton retired from the 
presidency of the board, which was then reorgan- 
ized by the election of Charles F. Curry to that 
office, and the choice of Charles W. Knight and 
W. F. Bailey, respectively, as secretary and treas- 
urer. H. L. Bonsall was elected city superintendent. 
In July a contract was let to Wni. T. Mead for 
building an addition of four rooms to the Liberty 
School building, at Spruce and Eighth Streets, 
making it atwelve-room building. The amount of 
contract was five thousand seven hundred dollars. 

In 1881 the first incident worthy of note was the 
appointment of Messrs. Sutton, Davis, Cassady, 
Fox and Middleton, of the board, as a committee 
to wait on the Legislature in the interest of the 
public schools of the city. On April 4th there 
was a spirited contest between Messrs. Sutton and 
Curry for the presidency, and the former was 
elected upon the forty-seventh ballot. The former, 
secretary and treasurer were re-elected. In De- 



504 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



cember the first action was taken toward the 
introduction of sewing in the schools. 

In 1882— March — Mr. J. B. Fox was elected 
president, and the former secretary and treasurer 
of the board were re-elected. In June of this 
year the total number of children of school age 
was reported as twelve thousand eight hundred and 
fifty-eight. On August 21st, Wm. H. F. Arnistead, 
principal of the Mt. Vernon Colored School, re- 
signed his position and was succeeded by Wm. F. 
Powell. 

In March, 1883, the board organized with Davis 
B. Litzenberg, president ; Charles B. Capewell, 
secretary; and Wm. Calhoun, treasurer. Martin V. 
Bergen was elected city superintendent and T. J. 
Middleton, solicitor. The teachers' committee 
having for years past felt the importance of giving 
the principals a better opportunity for superintend- 
ing the various departments in their district, often 
discussed the matter, but came to no definite con- 
clusion until the meeting in April, when a member 
of the committee presented a resolution making 
the male principals of the grammar schools district 
principals and appointing an ''auxiliary" in each 
district to assist the district principal. The resolu- 
tion received favorable comment from other 
prominent members of the teachers' committee, 
and was adopted by the board without a dissenting 
voice, and the plan having now been in successful 
operation over three years, has proved to be one of 
the best moves made by the board to improve the 
system of instruction in our public schools. Martin 
V. Bergen, city superintendent, inhisreportin May, 
as a summary of the reports from the district prin- 
cipals — viz.: Geoffrey Buckwalter, First District; 
Geo. E. Fry, Second District ; Horatio Drai)er 
Third District; Edwin F. Way, Fourth District J 
Chas. K. Middleton, Fifth District; and Wm. f! 
Powell, Sixih District, — reported enrolled six thou- 
sand and forty scholars, with an average attendance 
of three thousand nine hundred and ninety. Mr. ' 
Bergen, in his report, urged the board to make 
some provision whereby the colored teachers could 
receive instruction and receive the same advantages 
as white teachers. Mr. Bergen also expressed his 
satisfaction with the good condition of the schools 
and the elliciency of the teachers. The following 
were the first auxiliaries appointed under the new 
system : First District, Clara Shivers ; Second 
District, Laura B. Munyan ; Third District, Rosa 
Flanegin ; Fourth District, May L. Shivers; Fifth 
District, Belle E. Forbes; Sixth District, Bella 
Douglass. During the summer vacation Miss 
Helen Smith, a faithful and devoted teacher, died 
after a very brief illness. 



In January, 1884, the superintendent reported 
the total enrollment, as furnished him by the 
district principals, six thousand six hundred and 
forty-seven and average attendance of five thousand 
and twenty-six. 

In January, 1884, there were enrolled in the 
evening schools for colored applicants one hundred 
and thirty-five scholars, with an average attendance 
of eighty-two. 

At this meeting the John W. Mickle and Mount 
Vernon Schools were raised to the grade of gram- 
mar schools. At the meeting in October, 1884, 
the advisory committee of the First District re- 
ported on the necessity of making provision for 
more school accommodation in that district, owing 
to the overcrowded condition of the schools. It 
was ordered that the members of the First Dis- 
trict, as a committee, investigate the matter of se- 
curing a suitable site for a school building north 
of the Camden and Atlantic Railroad and to 
ascertain the probable cost of a new building. A 
great change was also made in the text-books 
this year. The total enrollment, as reported by 
City Superintendent Martin V. Bergen, was seven 
thousand two hundred and eighty. A scholars' 
library was started in the Second District with 
forty-five volumes, and through the efforts of 
teachers and pupils it has been increased to 
ninety-eight volumes. In November, 1884, a 
night-school of five divisions for boys was opened 
in E. A. Stevens School, under the principal- 
ship of George E. Fry ; also in the Kaighn 
School ; one of two divisions for girls, under the 
principalship of Miss Anna Farrell and super- 
vised by District Principal H. Draper. 

March 16, 1885, the new board organized with 
Maurice A.Rogers, president; Charles B. Cape- 
well, secretary ; William Calhoun, treasurer ; 
Harry L. Bonaall, superintendent ; and Timothy 
J. Middleton, solicitor. 

A careful and thorough revision of the limita- 
tions of studies was effected during the summer 
by city superintendent and district principals, 
and adopted by the board. A more thorough 
course of instruction was thus provided and the 
education of the children made more practical. 
The entire number of children of school age, as 
reported by the census-takers June, 1885, was 
14,973. The total appropriation for school pur- 
poses for the school year beginning April, 1884, 
was ninety-seven thousand four hundred dollars, 
and for the year beginning April, 1885, it was 
one hundred and seven thousand two hundred 
dollars, which latter sum included ten thousand 
dollars to be used in the building of the school- 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



505 



house at Broadway and Clinton Strei'ts. During 
the summer of 1885 the Cooper School building 
was so badly damaged by the cyclone that it cost 
two thousand four hundred and seventy-seven 
dollars to put it in proper repair. 

Night-schools were opened by the board in the 
winter of 1885-86 for three months, in First, 
Second, Third and Sixth Districts, and placed in 
charge of the respective district principals. The 
attendance throughout the term was good and 
great interest was manifested. 

The new board for ]88(;-87 organized March 
15, 1886, with James R. Carson, president; W. H. 
Snyder, secretary; W. A. Calhoun, treasurer; 
Martin V. Bergen, city superintendent; and J. 
Eugene Troth, solicitor. The new school-house 
Broadway and Clinton Streets is being built by 
John C. Rogers, for twenty-five thousand nine 
hundred dollars. The building will be sixty by 
ninety feet, and contain twelve school-rooms, and 
on the third floor a board-room and two committee' 
rooms. 

June 8, 1886, City Superintendent Bergen re- 
ported having visited all the schools and found 
them in a good condition. The reports from 
district principals showed a total enrollment of 
6498 pupils, with an average attendance of 4561. 

On September 6, 1886, the board re-graded the 
teachers' salaries. 

Through the efforts of the district principals, 
aided by their assistants and the female principals 
and the support of the Board of Education, the 
old plan of holding quarterly and semiannual 
examinations of pupils for promotion has given 
place to the superior and more acceptable plan 
of monthly examinations, stimulating the pupils 
to exertion and diligence throughout every part of 
the term. 

The Camden school system is on an excellent 
basis ; the city being divided into six districts, with 
an average of about thirteen hundred pupils to a 
district and one grammar school in each, all other 
buildings feeding the grammar school ; conse- 
quently, as the population increases and more 
school- houses are built, the grammar schools must 
become stronger and better. 

The evening schools, a partial failure several 
years ago, have, during the last few years, through 
the determined efforts of the district principals, 
assisted by the janitors and assistants and warmly 
supported by the board, proved a grand success 
and have afforded very fine facilities for those who 
cannot attend day-school. 

The steady advancement made in the Camden 
school system is another strong evidence of the 



importance of employing, as far as possible, princi- 
pals and teachers who make teaching a life pro- 
fession, and therefore throw their energy into 
the work of doing the best for the education of 
the children. 

Among the oldest educators in point of time 
are Messrs. Horatio Draper, Geoflrey Buekwalter 
and George E. Fry among the males ; and the 
Misses Harriet King, Anita Wright, M. Jennie 
Wood, Sallie T. Brown, Louisa Ash, Jennie James, 
Sidney L. Anderson, Sallie F,. Hall, Mary L. Mis- 
kelly, Edith G. Heany, Minnie Titus, Nellie Or- 
cutt. Belle Muyberry, Anna Wood, Mary M. 
Reeve and Anna P^arrell among the ladies. 

The full membership of the Board of Education 
for the year 1886, is as follows : Stanley Musehamp, 
James R. Carson, Thomas W. Beattie, Irvine C. 
Beatty, George W. Ealer, Charles S. Ackley, Wil- 
liam Ireton, William A. Husted, George G. Bun- 
dick, Ellis W. Woolve'rton, A. S. N. Cowan, James 
L. Johnson, Edward S. Matlack, Edward A. Mar- 
tin, William Drake, James Ware, Jr. 

The Newton Juvenile Debating Society 
was organized January 24, 1807, by a number of 
young men of Camden and its vicinity, and was 
quite a flourishing society, particularly notable as 
showing the tone of popular feeling and taste 
among the young men of the time. James Cooper 
was the first president and Joseph Mickle secre- 
tary and treasurer. The original members were 
Isaac Z. Collings, John Hinchman, Samuel Hen- 
dry, Mason Ward, Jacob Evaul, George Stokes, 
Joseph Thackara, John Brown, James Cooper, 
Joseph Mickle, Samuel Eastlack, Samuel Sloan, 
Isaac Stokes, Thomas Doughten, Joseph Cooper, 
Thomas Thackara, David Henry, Jr., John Sloan, 
Samuel Knight, Samuel Blackwood, Jonathan 
Knight, Samuel Barton and Isaac Comly. 

The object of the society was to discuss questions 
brought before them, and the president was au- 
thorized to issue tickets of admission to the debates 
to persons not members. The society assembled 
at Newton Meeting School-house, Sloan's School- 
house and at convenient places in and near the 
then small village of Camden quite regularly for 
a little over a year, and the society then passed 
out of existence. It seems to have been the 
pioneer of a large number of debating and literary 
societies, lyceums, etc., of varying degrees of ex- 
cellence, but all quite ephemeral. 

WoRTHlNGTON LIBRARY COMPANY. — This com- 
pany was organized as early as February, 1838, and 
in the winter of 1839-40 instituted a lecture course. 
Lectures were delivered in the lower room of the 
Baptist Church. The first in the course was by 



506 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Dr. Isaac 8. Mulford, who was followed by Abra- 
ham Browning, Dr. Caldwell, Chauncey Bulkley, 
William J. AUinson, Samuel R.Gunnimere, James 
Wilson, Dr. Earle and J. R. Chandler. The course 
of 1840-41 was delivered by David Paul Brown, 
Rev. George Chandler, E. Morris, John M. Reed, 
Chauncey Bulkley, William M. Jeffers, Job R. 
Tyson, Rev. P. E. Moriarty, J. T. S. Sullivan and 
Morton McMichael. 

The trustees of the company for the year IS 10 
were E. Cole, R. W. Ogden, Jr., I. Mic'kle, J. A. 
Balantine, G. Stevcrs, Jr., J. Folwell and S. S. PI 
Cowperthwait. The course of lectures for 1841-42 
were delivered by the following gentlemen : Hon. 
Samuel L. Southard, David Paul Brown, Esq., 
Philadelphia; Lucius Q. Elmer, Bridgeton ; Rev. 
F. A. pAistis, Philadelphia; J. T. S. Sullivan 
Esq., Philadelphia; Morton McMichael, Esq., 
Philadelphia; William B. Kinney, Esq., editor 
of the Newark Daily Advertiser; Richard P. 
Thompson, Salem, N. J.; James T. Sherman, 
Esq., editor of the State Oazette, Trenton ; 
William D. Kelly, Esq., Philadelphia ; Stacy I). 
Potts, Esq., Trenton ; Richard W. Howell, Esq., 
Camden; Henry S. Patterson, M.D., Philadelphia; 
William N. Jeft'ers, Esq., Camden ; Isaac S. Mul- 
ford, M.D., Camden; and L. F. Fisler, M.D., 
mayor, Camden. 

Private Schools. — The school, conducted by 
the sisters, Miss Mary G. and Miss Annie Grey, 
has firmly established for itself, by over twenty 
years of success, an excellent reputation as a first- 
class seminary for young ladies and little girls. 
Originally occupying the school building con- 
nected with the Friends' Meeting-House, it was 
later removed to its present location, 709 Market 
Street, where the conveniences of commodious 
school and class-rooms were added to the advantages 
resulting from faithful, conscientious teaching. 

The course of instruction comprises all the 
branches of a thorough English education ; also 
French, Latin, German, drawing and music. 

The department of music, conducted by Miss 
Annie (irey, has for years furnished thorough in- 
struction to pupils seeking to perfect themselves 
in a musical education. 

The Commercial Institute, at No. (3(IS Broad- 
way, was established in 1882 by Charles M. Abra- 
hamson. Both males and females are taught in 
this school. In 188.') there were one hundred and 
nine students admitted and instructed; the present 
year, 1881), there are forty-nine in attendance. 

A Kindergarten School was kept for some years, 
at No. 557 Mickle Street, by Miss Ida L. Warner, 
but, in July, 188t), was removed to Germantown. 



Mrs. S. A. Wescott was for four years the prin- 
cipal of the Y^oung Ladies' Seminary, at No. 312 
Cooper Street, but it has been discontinued since 
the close of the spring term of the present year, 

i88(;. 

The excellent school of the Misses Northrop was 
opened in 1879, as a Kindergarten School, and in 
1885 became a graded school in which six teachers 
are employed. During the year ]88(), a large 
building was erected on Penn Street, where the 
school is now conducted. 

The West Jersey Orphanage for colored 
children is situated on the corner of Sixth and 
Mechanic Streets. This excellent institution owes 
its origin largely to the eflbrts of Mrs. Martha M. 
Kaighn, Mrs. Mary E. S. Wood and Mrs. Rebecca 
C. W. Reeve. The object of the Orphanage is to 
afford a home for destitute colored children of 
Camden County and neighboring counties, give 
them the rudiments of an education and train 
them to habits of industry. At a suitable age they 
are indentured to respectable families. A charter 
was procured, February 17, 1874, and the institu- 
tion organized by the selection of the following 
board of trustees : 



.IusT?ph M. Kaiglin, president. 
Edw. Bettle, l8t vice-president. 
.\ugu3tua Reeves, 2d vire-prea. 
J. E. Atkiuaon, recd'g aect'y. 



M, Jr. 



Wii 



. A. Fre 



Howard M. Cooper, 
Jucul) J. Pitman. 
Joseph M. Cooper. 
Joliri Gill, Jr. 



Wni. Bettle. 
Geo. K. Johnsf 
John ("ooper. 
Dr. Isaac B. Mnlford, plij 
Henry Fredericka. 
John 0. Stoekham. 
.\3ahel Troth. 
Alexander 0. Wood. 
Joseph B. Cooper. 



Richard H. Ree 



The members of the original board of managers 
were, — 



Martha M. Kaighi 


11, president. 


Mary H. Pitman. 


M. P. Bettle, lat \ 


.'ice-president. 


Ellen C. Cooper. 


M. S. Troth, 2d 




Mary S. Bettle. 


Anna Bnrroughs. 


treasurer. 


Rebecca C. W. Reev. 


Susan S. Atkineon 


, rec'g aect'y. 


Matilda Bnckius. 


Mary M. Mulford, 


, cor. aect'y. 


Mary M. Cooper. 


Edith E. Jaluea. 




Elizalieth T. Gill. 


Jane Bettle. 




Mary E. S. Wood. 


Annie S. Baker. 




Sallie K. Juhuaon. 


Elizabeth Cooper. 




Mary 0. Browning. 


Surah Fredericka. 




gallio C. Knighn. 



Joseph M. Kaighn donated three lots of ground 
at Oak and (Chestnut Streets, in the Seventh Ward 
of Camden, and three ailjoining lots were pur- 
cbiised, the intention being to locate the Orphan- 
age there, but at a subsequent meeting it was de- 
cided to purchase of .lames W. Purnell the two- 
story brick, built by Joseph Kaighn for a farm- 
house at Sixth and Mechanic Streets, with a half- 
acre of ground. A few necessary repairs and al- 
terations were made, and on January 20, 1875, the 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



507 



institution was opened, with Mrs. Deborah Rieh- 
iirdson as Matron, and on the 29th of that month 
the fir.st child was admitted. Mrs. Richardson re- 
mained in charge but a few months and her place 
was filled by Mrs. Jane Price as matron, and her 
daughter, Ida Price, as teacher. The children are 
taken at any age under twelve years if old enough 
to walk, but an effort is made to find them homes 
before they are eleven years of age. Of those who 
have gone out from the Orphanage very favorable 
reports have been received. The Orphanage is 
supported solely by the free-will offerings of be- 
nevolent persons. During the year 188G twenty- 
four children were cared for in it. 
The Board of Trustees for 188G are, — 

H. M. Cooper, president and solic- Dr. Wallace McGeorge. 

Itor. Jcseph H. Cooper. 

Dr. G., \V. Bailey, firet vice-pres. Richard H. Reeve, 

Daniel Thackara, second vice-pree. John Cooper. 

.\lexander C. Wo 'd, sec. and treas. Augustus Reeve. 

William Bettle. John Gill. 

George K. Johnson, Jr. E<lward L. Farr. 

William B. Cooper. Thomas W. Synnotl. 

Willian\ J. Evans. Ben.iamiu C. Reeve. 

William J. Cooper. David E. Ckjoper. 

The board of managers are, — 

Mary E. .S. "Wood, president, Cin- Lizzie J. IMartindale. 



Sjillie K. Johnson, finst vice-pre 

dent. 
Mary S. Bettle, second vice-prei 

dent. 
Rebecca C. W. Reeve, treasurer. 
Hannah F. Carter, recording st 

retary. 
Susan S. Wood, corresponding se 

retary. 
.Sophia Presley, M.D., physiclar 
Anna S. Stark. 
Mary L. Troth. 



Ilettie G. Evans. 
Maria M. Clement. 
Anne J. Stokes. 
Martha C, Stokes. 
Elizabeth C. Reeve 
Hannah H. Stokes. 
Mary E. Eyre. 
Abbie B. Warringt 
Rebecca C. Reeve. 
Anna E. Fouler. 
Lucy S. Cooper. 
Laura W. Scull. 
Caroline Bettle. 



CHAPTER VII. 

THE MANTJFACTUEING INDUSTRIES. 

Irou Works — Lumber interests of Camden — Oil Cloth Manufactories 
— Woolen and Worsted Mills — Miscellaneous Industries — Car- 
riage Making— Shoe and Morocco Factories. 

The proximity to Philadelphia — the greatest 
manufacturing city in the Union — the superior local 
resources, the many eligible sites, and the situa- 
tion, being near the great marts of trade and com- 
merce of the seaboard Stales, have been the causes 
of Camden developing into a manufacturing city 
of great importance and influence. The substan- 
tial prosperity of Camden within the lastdecade has 
been largely due to the establishment of manufac- 
turing industries which have given employment to 
many persons who found homes in the growing 



city. A sketch of many of the minor indu.stries 
which e.Kisted at a former day is given in the early 
history of Camden. A description and a history of 
those now flourishing, given in the succeeding 
pages, will furnish a valuable chapter to the 
" History of Camden County." 

IRON WORKS. 

The Camden Iron Works. — In 1845 John F. 
Starr, who had leased the irou foundry of Elias 
Kaighn, at the foot of Stevens Street, built the 
Camden Iron Works, on the north side of Bridge 
Avenue, above Third Street, for the manufacture 
of gas works machinery and steam-pipes. He 
had previously been associated with his father, 
Moses Starr, and brother, Jesse W. Starr, in build- 
ing iron steamboats — the " Conestoga,'" " Inde- 
pendence " and " Ida," — and for a time at Hobo- 
ken, N. J., where he built the iron steamboat " John 
Stevens." His Camden enterprise was a .success, 
and, in 1846, Jesse W. Starr, taking an interest in 
the works, another foundry amd machine shop was 
started on Bridge Avenue, below Second Street, 
where Jesse W. Starr erecte<l the large three- 
story brick building, long known as Starr's Hall, 
and which was used as a hardware store. The firm 
then employed a hundred men, but orders exceeded 
their facilities, and in 1847 the ground was bought 
on Cooper's Creek, anil then was laid the founda- 
tion for the e.Ktensive establishment known as the 
Camden Iron Works, now one of the most ex- 
tensive manufacturing indu,stries in West Jersey. 

In 1883 the works were purchased by a stock 
company, in which R. D. Wood & Co., of Phila- 
delphia, are largely interested. The works had not 
been in operation for nearly two years previous to 
this purchase, but were successfully started again 
in the fall of 1883, after some needed improve- 
ments had been made. Early in 1884 the entire 
works were in full operation, and since that time 
have been steadily running to their full capacity. 
The buildings in which the different branches of 
the l)usiness are carried on, cover an area of twenty 
acres, with an additional tractof twenty-one acres, 
used for storing material and manufactured pro- 
ducts. The buildings include six large foundries 
for the manufacture of cast-iron pipes, machinery 
for gas works, water works plants and other heavy 
machinery, one large machine shop, two boiler 
shops, carpenter and pattern shops, blacksmith 
shops, store-houses, offices and stables. The^c are 
all conveniently located on the grounds. Five 
powerful steam-engines supply the motive-power 
of the many and varied patterns of improved and 
automatic machinerv used in the merhaiiical de- 



508 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



partment of the works. Two large duplex puinping 
engines furnisli the water supply for fire protection 
and general purposes. Coopers Creek, which is 
navigable some distance above tlie works, gives the 
company excellent facilities for water transporta- 
tion, and several branch tracks of the Camden and 
Amboy Railroad enter the works at various points. 
About eight hundred men are employed in the 
different departments. The products of the Cam- 
den Iron Works have acquired a great reputation 
for excellence of manufacture. They are shipped 
and supplied to all parts of the United States. 
R. D. Wood &. Co. now operate the works. Walter 
Wood, of Philadelphia, is president, and John 
Graham, Jr., also of Philadelphia, is the general 
manager. 

The M. a. Fuebush & Son Machine .Co. own 
extensive machine-shops at the corner of Twelfth 
Street and Market. It is one of the most prom- 
inent manufacturing enterprises in the city of Cam- 
den, and gives regular employment to about three 
hundred workmen. A great variety of machinery 
for woolen-mills is here manufactured. The works 
were erected and the business originally established 
in ] 863, by the firm of Furbush & Gage. In 1869 
Mr. Gage retired from the firm, and Merrill A. Fur- 
bush, in partnerahip with Charles A. Furbush, his 
son, continued the business, under the firm-name 
of M. A. Furbush & Son, until January, 1884, 
when a charter of incorporation was obtained as 
the M. A. Furbush & Son Machine Company. 
The business has gradually increased, and is now 
a very productive industry. The machinery made 
at these works is sold throughout the United 
States, Canada and South America. An area of 
twelve acres, surrounded by Market and Twelfth 
Streets, the Pennsylvania Railroad and Coopers 
Creek, is owned and occupied by this company, 
and several large brick buildings, covering four 
acres of this tract, constitute the shops where this 
extensive business is done. The machinery of the 
works is driven by a one hundred and fifty horse- 
power engine, supplied by three huge boilers. 

The Camden Tool and Tdbe Works. — This 
large manufacturing establishment, located at the 
corner of Second Street and Stevens, is a branch of 
the Reading, Pa., Iron Works. The large, three- 
story brick building, whose dimensions are one 
hundred by one hundred and fifty feet, was built by 
John Kaighn, and originally used by him for the 
manufacture of agricultural imi)lements. It was af- 
terwards used by John II. Dialogue, the ship-build- 
er, as a machine and boiler-shop, and also for a 
foundry. Previous to 1864 it was known as Griffith's 
Pipe-Finishing Mill. In 1864 the Reading Iron 



Works purchased the entire property, introduced 
new machinery, made other improvements and 
began the manufacture of wrought-iron tubes, 
hand and power screw-cutting machines, screwing- 
stocks and dies, drill-stocks, dies, taps, reamers, 
tongs and other tools used by gas-fitters and 
plumbers. A twenty-five horse-power engine 
drives the machinery of the works. Fifty work- 
men are regularly employed. The location of the 
works, near the Delaware River, and near the ter- 
minus of the Camden and Amboy, Camden and 
New York, New Jersey Southern, and Central 
Railroads, afi'ords easy and quick access to the sea- 
board and inland towns and cities, where the pro- 
ducts of manufacture are sent. The superintend- 
ent of these works is C. W. Thompson. 

The Coopers Point Iron Works were estab- 
lished in 1867 by Fullerton & Hollingshead, who 
continued to operate them until 1879, when Charles 
F. Hollingshead became the sole proprietor. The 
large, three-story brick building, one hundred by 
one hundred and twenty feet, is fitted throughout 
with improved machinery for the production of 
finished work in the two departments of general 
machinery and of iron railing. In the first depart- 
ment steam-engines, boilers, pulleys, shafting and 
mill-gearing are manutactured. In the second 
department all kinds of plain and ornamental iron 
railing and fencing, awning- frames, window-guards, 
lot-inclosures, fire-escapes, iron roofing, trusses, 
etc., are made. The machinery is driven by an en- 
gine of fifty horse-power. A_large force of work- 
men is employed in the diflerent departments. 

Pearl Street Iron Foundry, at the foot of 
Pearl Street, is owned and operated by Johnson 
& Holt, who are engaged in the general iron 
foundry business. In 1881 this firm established 
the foundry for the manufacture of gray iron cast- 
ings of various kinds desired by the trade. The 
main foundry building is one hundred by fifty feet, 
and adjoiningit are several smaller structures used 
for cleaning, polishing and shipping the products 
of manufacture. The foundry in all its departments 
is furnished with ample motive-power and the 
present demand for this class of iron castings from 
this foundry gives employment to thirty-five 
workmen. The trade is mostly local, but is grad- 
ually extending to several adjacent States. Nelson 
W. Johnson and Benj. Holt are the co-partners 
and have built works at the foot of Elm Street, 
with more extended facilities of manufacture than 
the place now operated. 

Camden Machine Works are situated at the 
foot of Cooper Street. The site on which they are 
built is a water lot which was purchased in 1878 by 



THK CITY OF CAMDEN. 



n<i"j 



Charles E. Derby and Joseph P. Weutherby, who 
lor fifteen years previously had been proprietors of 
the machine works on Nortli Front Street, under 
the firm-name of Derby & Weatherby. The place 
originally not being suited for the wants of this 
increased business, the large two-story brick factory 
building, fifty by one hundred and fifty feet, now 
occupied, was built. It was then fitted with suit- 
able machinery for the manufacture of appliances 
for hoisting apparatus, dredging machines, engines 
and for repairing machinery of different kinds. 
The wharf property extends one hundred and sixty 
feet on Delaware Avenue and continues westward 
to the riparian or port warden line, with an open 
space to form two landings, the water dock, eighty 
by seven hundred feet, being between. This dock 
is for the accommodation of tug-boats and steamers 
needing rejjairs and it also offers facilities for un- 
loading cargoes from vessels, and for shipment. 
Nearly every manufactory from the lower end of 
Kaighns Point to the upper end of Coopers Point, 
as also all the ferry companies, have their machin- 
ery made or repaired by this firm. Thirty work- 
men are employed, and the trade extends to many 
localities in the adjacent States. 

Machine Tool Manufactory. — Tlie manu- 
facture of machinists' tools in their various forms 
is an industry of considerable importance to Cam- 
den as a manufacturing city. In 1881, J. F. Blair 
started an establishment for this purpose at the 
corner of Point and Pearl Streets, and in 1882 ad- 
mitted J. G. Gage as a partner. The business was 
extended to include the manufacture of engine 
lathes and special machinery In 1883 the interest 
of J. G. Gage was transferred to D. T. Gage, and the 
firm is now known as J. F. Blair & Co. A large 
and increasing business is done not only in the 
manufacture, but also in the repairing of machiue 
tools for saw-mills, planing-mills and grist-mills in 
the surrounding country. From twenty-five to 
thirty workmen are employed. The business office 
of this establishment is at No. 118 Market Street, 
Philadelphia. 

The Standard Machine Works, at Nos. 117, 
119 and 121 North Front Street, occupy a large 
portion of a square. This productive industry is 
owned by Samuel N. Shreve, Esq., who in 188-1 
conducted a manufactory of similar kind at the 
corner of Second Street and Stevens. In the de- 
structive cyclone of August 3, 1885, this establish- 
ment was blown down and he at once resumed 
business at the present location. The ample 
equipments of these works in improved machinery 
are adapted to the production of machine work of 
various kinds and mill repairs. In connection with 



this industry a large number of workmen are em- 
ployed in the manufacture of Gray's patent revolv- 
ing screw machine, and the Londerback combi- 
nation tool. Of the latter specialty one thousand 
and five hundred pairs are made weekly. Forty- 
five workmen are constantly employed. 

The Camden Aiichitectural Iron Works, 
at Nos. Ill, 113 and 115 North Front Street, were 
established in 1870 by John F. Starr, Jr., who 
operated them until 1882, when James A. Carrand 
Adam C. Smith bought his interest and the ma- 
chinery, and under the firm-name of Carr& Smith 
have since operated them. A considerable business 
has been done in the manufacture of heaters and 
ranges. Galvanized iron cornices, window caps 
dormer windows, building trimmings, tin, slate and 
corrugated iron roofing, awnings and weather vanes 
are made at these works. This firm has the exclu- 
sive right for the man facture of Starr's ImprovedEx- 
panding Water Conductor or rain spouts of eight 
feetinlength, without a cross seam, andmadeofgal- 
vanized iron. Filty-seven workmen are employed 
and the manufactured products are shipped over a 
large area of the United States. The firm is pre- 
paring to build an extensive addition to the 
establishment, especially for facilitating the pro- 
duction of galvanized architectural designs. 

The American Nickel Work.s are situated 
on the east side of Tenth Street, extending to 
Coopers Creek, south of State Street. This estab- 
lishment, covering au area of two and a half acres, 
occupies the site of a smaller one commenced in 
1840, and which was rebuilt in 1862 by the present 
owner and proprietor on an enlarged scale. In 
1872 the works were destroyed by fire, and soon 
after rebuilt and greatly improved. The works are 
specially designed for the manufacture of nickel, 
cobalt oxides, blue vitriol, copperas, nickel salts, 
etc., from the ores of the Gap nickel mines, in Lan- 
caster County, Pa., which, with the works, are 
owned and conducted by the general manager, 
Joseph Whai'ton. No other nickel or cobalt works 
exist in this country, though ores of these metals 
occur in many places. Three large engines are 
required as a motive-power for the machinery and 
from sixty to eighty hands are constantly employed. 

The Esteebrook Steel Pen Company. — 
The manufacture of steel pens is comparatively 
a new industry. The establishment engaged in 
the production of them in Camden is the oldest 
and by far the most extensive one in the United 
States, there being Imt two or three others in this 
country. The early history of steel pen making is 
herein briefly given : 

A Roman metal pen is said to have been found 



510 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



at Aosta, not a mere stylus, but a bronze pen slit, 
and there is some evidence of a pen or reed of 
bronze nearly as early as the invention of printing 
in the fifteenth century. A hundred years ago 
sotne steel pens were made in Birmingham by Mr. 
Harrison for Dr. Priestly, and some of these passed 
into the hands of Sir Joseph Mason in his early 
days with Mr. Harrison, but all seem to be lost. 
The first pen of metal of a definite date, beyond all 
question, is one in a Dutch i)atent-book of 1717. 
At the same time a polite ode of Pope refers to a 
"steel and gold pen," but these were evidently lux- 
uries only. It was about 1823 or 1824 that the 
great revolution came by which pens were made 
by a cheaper process — the hand-screw press, which 
pierced the pens from sheet steel. Previously, pens 
had been made from steel rolled into tube fashion, 
and the joint formed the slit; but these required 
considerable labor to shape them into pen-form. 
The use of the screw-press belongs to the period of 
John Mitchell, Joseph Gillott and Josiah Mason ; 
but on a careful review of the facts, it seems to be 
clear that John Mitchell has the best claim to be 
considered as the introducer of press-made pens. 
Skinner, of Sheffield, England, was apparently one 
of the first to cheapen steel 'pens, but his produc- 
tions were soon surpassed when the sorew-pre.ss 
was introduced. 

The Esterbrook steel pen factory, the first one of 
its kind in America, was established in 1860 by 
the present head of the company, Richard Ester- 
brook, and his son, who came from England. The 
business was started on the site now occupied, in 
a small building, with ten employees, and ten vari- 
eties of pens were made. Since that time extensive 
improvements and additions have been made. The 
main building is a large four-story structure, con- 
taining conveniently-arranged apartments, and 
supplied with the best improved engines, machin- 
ery and other appliances needed. There are now 
about fifty men and two hundred and fifty women 
regularly employed, and four hundred styles of 
steel pens are made. Many kinds and styles of 
pens are here manufactured for other firms, whose 
names are placed on the pens and thus sold to the 
trade, but the Esterbrook pens are known to nearly 
every school-boy, school-girl and accountant in 
the land. They have been largely sold in Canada, 
England, Germany, Cuba and South America. 
There is probably no other establishment operated 
with better system than this one. Some of the 
employees have been continuously engaged for a 
period of twenty or more years, and are therefore 
skilled workmen. When new employees enter a 
certain department they are continued there, and 



thus by long experience become experts in that 
department. They are paid in accordance with 
the amount of work performed. 

The manufacture begins with the steel, shipped 
from Sheffield, England, which, after going through 
various transformations and interesting processes, 
eventually comes out the delicately-formed and 
serviceable steel pen, now the necessary property 
of every intelligent individual. 

Few persons without careful observation of the 
minute details of steel pen making will compre- 
hend how much care and delicate workmanship is 
required in the manufiictureof the finished article. 
The business of this establishment was conducted 
by Esterbrook & Son for a few years, when an 
incorporated company was formed. The present 
officers of the company, under whose management 
it is now successfully conducted, are : President, 
Richard Esterbrook ; Treasurer, Alexander Wood ; 
and Secretary, Francis Wood. 

Lumber Interests of Camden. 

Early in the history of Camden, the large flats 
on the river-shore, from Market St. to Coopers 
Point, and also down to Kaighns Point, during 
the rafting season, was covered with lumber of 
such kinds and qualities as were calculated to 
meet the demands of the trade. The shore-line 
of Philadelphia being such as to prevent the stor- 
ing of lumber there, of necessity more eligible lo- 
cations were sought, which eventuated in the Cam- 
den side being early selected, not only to supply 
the local trade, but for the general and wholesale 
trade and for ship-building purposes. The busi- 
ness has been the most extensively carried on 
in Camden since 1850, since which time thousands 
of rafts along the river have been brought here 
from the lumber districts in Central and Northern 
Pennsylvania, and from the head-waters of the 
Delaware, in Northern Pennsylvania and Southern 
New York. The great distributing point for the 
Pennsylvania white-pine lumber for more than 
half a century, and, to a considerable extent yet, 
is at Port Deposit, Md., the head of tidewater, 
near the mouth of the Susquehanna. To this point, 
from up the river, thousands of rafts were, and still 
are, floated annually. The Camden lumber deal- 
ers went there during the rafting season in the 
spring of the year, purchased large raits, separated 
them in parts, and, either by floating them on the 
water, or by loading them on schooners, brought 
them through the Delaware and Chesapeake Canal 
and up the Delaware to Camden. Sometimes rafts 
were bought by Camden dealers at Marietta, on 
the Susquehanna, in Pennsylvania, which for more 



THP] CITY OF CAMDP:N. 



511 



than halfa century was a great market for the pine 
and oak timber brought thei'e (Voin the head-wa- 
ters of the Susquehanna. 

Much of the lumber of the present day is shipped 
here by rail, in the form of boards and manufac- 
tured lumber in various shapes, from the great lum- 
ber centres of the West, and Central Pennsylvania. 

Among the first lumber dealers in Camden was 
Charles Ellis, who, in 1820 and later, was engaged 
in the business, and also kept store on the south- 
west corner of Second Street and Market, and 
Eichardson Andrews, about the same time, had a 
lumber-yard on the corner of Third and Cooper ; 
Andrews had a lumber-yard on Market above 
Fourth, where he made shingles. The shav- 
ings were put upon the street and it was known as 
" Shingle-Shaving Hill." This was the term ap- 
plied to the locality on the east side of Fourth 
Street north and south of Market. There was a 
large pond extending north from the Baptist 
Church, and into this Richardson Andrews and 
Isaac AVilkins dumped their shingle-shavings, until 
the mound served the boys of 1815-20 for coasting 
])urposes in the winter season. Andrews was the 
father of Samuel and Edward P. Andrews. He 
lived at the southeast corner of Third Street and 
Cooper, and his lumber-yard and shingle-shop was 
to the east. Isaac Wilkins' lumber and shingle- 
yard was at Front and Market, extending as far 
east as the State Bank. 

Gideon Stivers, a bridge-builder and carpenter, 
was a resident of Camden from about 1811), and 
later he had a shop on the corner of Fourth and 
Market, on the site of Odd-Fellows Hall. Stivers 
was a builder of considerable note and erected 
Coopers Creek Bridge, the bridge at the Falls of 
Schuylkill and St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Cam- 
den- He continued in business in Camden until 
after 1840. In the year 1827 James Broraall, as- 
sisted by Joseph Edwards, proprietor of the distil- 
lery on Front Street, erected a saw-mill on William 
Carman's land, between Coopers Point Ferry and 
Cooper Street Ferry. This soon after was owned 
and operated by William Carman, and was con- 
tinued until July 8, 1835, when it was destroyed 
by fire, with large piles of lumber adjacent. Fire 
companies from Philadelphia and Camden were 
at the place and assisted in extingiahing the flames, 
until the Philadelphia companies were summoned 
to return by the old State House bell announcing 
a fire in that city. Mr. Carman at once began the 
construction of a larger mill upon the premises, and 
in November following a main building, forty-four 
by eighty feet, and a fire-proof engine-house, 
twenty by thirty-six feet, were erected and fitted 



with a twenty horse-power engine, two large saws 
and a circular saw. He also erected a range of 
buildings for employees. In addition to the manu- 
facturing of lumber, Lehigh and Schuylkill coal 
was kept for sale. This mill was again destroyed 
on the night of June 7, 1845, and another saw -mill 
belonging to him, on the 5th of November the 
same year. They were both rebuilt and the busi- 
ness was conducted many years. The mills on the 
site are now owned by George Barrett & Co. In 
1840 and before. Carpenter & Flannigan owned a 
saw-mill and lumber-yard, and a flouring-mill 
along the Delaware River, north of Penn Street. 
They did a good business, supplying, many large 
contracts, and prospered in their occupation. In 
1854, or thereabouts, McKeen & Bi ngham succeeded 
them in the ownership of this yard and ran the 
saw-mill, but after continuing for a few years with 
success, the entire interest was destroyed by fire. 
As they did not own the land upon which the 
yard and mills were situated, the business, after 
the fire, was discontinued at this point. Ackley 
& Wharton, and afterwards Abraham Ackley alone, 
for many years owned a lumber-yard which was 
situated on Front Street, below Market. In order 
to better his location hesecured a more eligiblespot 
and moved his yard down to the corner of Second 
Street and Stevens, where Joseph Cooper became 
associated with him in the business, under the firm- 
name of Ackley & Cooper. In 1820 Isaac Smith 
was one of the first lumber dealers in Camden, and 
also owned a large grocery store. He was suc- 
ceeded by John Browning, who was the owner 
of a lumber-yard above Market Street, and also 
sold lime. 

William Carman, who started in the lumber 
business at the foot of Linden Street, and on 
Pearl Street, erected a steam saw-mill, as above 
mentioned, and enjoyed a large trade, the man- 
agement of which was under the control of George 
Stockham, the eldest brother of Charles Stockham, 
the well-known lumber merchant, whose yard and 
mill are at the foot of Vine Street. In 1852 Wil- 
liam S. Doughten and Henry B. Wilson, under the 
firm-name of Doughten & Wilson, engaged in the 
lumber business at Kaighns Point and were the 
pioneers in the business in the lower part of the 
city. Their yard was situated on Front Street, be- 
tween Kaighn Avenue and Chestnut Street. They 
did a general lumber business together until 1859. 
Mr. Wilson then opened a lumber-yard in Glouces- 
ter. He is now the well-known coal dealer, with 
his yard at Kaighn Avenue. Mr. Doughten built 
a planing-mill and afterwards became a partner 
with Charles B. Coles in the same business. Nor- 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



513 



eral Robert Toombs, of Georgia, and Hon. Jacob 
Tome, of Maryland, with a slight change in the 
spelling, are representatives. Her lather, George 
Tomb, who married Jane Humes, of Milton, Pa., was 
a native of Lycoming County, Pa. He was largely 
engaged in the general merchandising, farming and 
lumber business of tliat section, and was a director 
and stockholder in the Williamsport Bank, but 
spent most of his time as a practical civil engineer 
and general contractor of large enterprises. He su- 
perintended the construction of the dam and bridge 
across the Susquehanna River, at Columbia, Pa., 
where the Tide- Water Canal crosses that stream. 
He also entered into a contract and made the Kana- 
wha River, in West Virginia, navigable for steam- 
boats. Mr. Tomb died at the age of seventy-seven 
years, his widow still surviving him. The chihlren 
of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Stockham are Laura (mar- 
ried to Richard Pancoast, of Camden, with whom 
she has two sons, Charles and Richard) ; George T. 
engaged in the commission business in Philadelphia; 
Edward, who, in 1885, entered the United States 
Military Academy, at West Point, where he has 
gained prominence for proficiency in his studies; 
and Mary H. Stockham, the youngest daughter, 
who is at home. 

Scudder's Steam Planing -Mill, at Front 
Street and Arch, has been in constant operation 
since 1866, and was established by John B.Thomp- 
son for the manufacture of doors, sash, blinds, 
shutters, mouldings, scroll work and other kinds 
of builders' material. In 1868 W. C. Scudder and 
Robert C. Cook bought the mill and operated it, 
trading as Scudder & Cook. In 1871 they built 
a large addition to the mill, and made improve- 
ments which greatly increased the capacity. In 
May, 1874, W. C. Scudder bought the interest of 
Robert C. Cook, and continued the business alone 
until 1883, when his son, Reuben G. Scudder was 
admitted as a partner. An eighty horse-power 
engine is used ; sixty hands are employed ; a large 
lumber-yard covering three acres is also owned by 
this firm. A prosperous business is done. 

George Barrett & Co. own and carry on one 
of the largest saw-mills in Camden, which has been 
in operation for more than fifty years. It was run 
by different owners until 1878, when George Bar- 
rett and Aaron W. Patchin, trading under the 
firm-name of George Barrett & Co., bought the en tire 
plant. There are seven buildings on the grounds, 
which include sixteen acres, between Pearl Street 
and Penn, and extend one thousand four hundred 
and forty-seven feet westwardly to the riparian 
line of the river. These buildings include the mill 
proper, three dwelling-houses, office, stables and 



sheds. The saw-mill is one hundred and twenty- 
five by one hundred and forty-nine feet, is 
arranged with three sets of gang-saws, four eircular- 
saw-s, one lath-saw and two large planing-machines, 
and has been specially designed for the sawing of 
ship, wharf and bridge timbers, large girders, derrick 
frames, and is the only mill in Camden cutting 
curved timber for street railways. About twenty- 
five hands are employed. An extensive business 
is done. This firm recently constructed a wharf 
eight hundred feet long by ninety feet in width, 
from high-water line into the river, which gives 
improved facilities for shipping the products of the 
mills. 

Henry Fredericks, for many years one of the 
most enterprising, successful and favorably-known 
business men of the city of Camden, was born at 
Hackensack, Bergen County, New Jersey, July 25, 
1825, and obtained his education in the schools of 
his native town. When aboutsixteen years of age 
he left his home and entered a wholesale and retail 
grocery store in Hoboken, and there, by his faith- 
fulness to duty, won the ajiprobation of his em- 
ployer and laid for himself the foundation for a 
career of prosperity and usefulness. He remained 
in the Hoboken store, and also acted as assistant 
postmaster, for a term of four years, and, at the 
expiration of that time, moved to Camden, in 
which city he has since resided. Here he first en- 
gaged as superintendent and general manager of 
the business of James Elwell, who was then post- 
master of the city and proprietor of the Railroad 
Hotel. In the mean time Mr. Fredericks sold the 
tickets for the Camden and Philadelphia Ferry 
Company. In this new field of labor he was com- 
paratively a stranger, but his gentlemanly deport- 
ment, accommodating manners and aptitude to 
the position soon won him many firm friends. 
Seven years of service under this employer gave 
him an intelligent knowledge of business, and fitted 
him for still more onerous duties. He was next 
chosen, in 1852, superintending clerk in the office 
of the ferry company, for which he had sold tick- 
ets in connection with his other business, and re- 
mained in that position for a period of six years. 
Upon the death of Mr. John J. Benson, the super- 
intendent of the ferry, he was elected to that posi- 
tion and most acceptably filled it for a term of one 
year, when he declined re-election, but subsequently 
served as an employee of the ferry company for a 
considerable time and then resigned. Determining 
to establish himself in business, he opened a hard- 
ware store at Fourth and Federal Streets. By un- 
daunted energy and rare executive ability he 
gradually increased his trade, and was thus neces- 



514 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



sitated to make additions and improvements to his 
store in order to meet the demands. After remain- 
ing at that place for several years, and having 
built up a large and profitable business with the 
builders and dealers in the surrounding country 
as well as the city, John 8. Read erected for him 
a large and commodious store building at Third 
and Federal Streets, into which he removed and 
connected with the hardware trade the sale of 
window-sash, blinds and doors. As his business 
continued to grow and prosper, he erected for him- 
self a building in which to conduct his store, on 
Federal Street, below Second, and moved into it 
in 1864. He has there regularly continued to en- 
joy a large trade for nearly a quarter of a century. 
In May, 1884, he built a store of brick, twenty by 
ninety feet, and three stories high, for the recep- 
tion of sash, doors, blinds, etc., his other building 
not being large enough to meet the increased de- 
mands of his business. 

Sheritr Fredericks, the name by which he is best 
known, was obtained through his election to the 
office of sheriff of Camden County by the Democ- 
racy, to whose principles and party he has always 
been a devoted adherent. He first served in otticial 
position in 185G, as tax collector for the Middle 
Ward of Camden, and the next year and in 18G0 
was the Democratic nominee for the oflice of coun- 
ty clerk and received more than the party vote. 
His election to the office of sheriff, in 1870, by a 
majority of over two hundred, in a county which 
for the head of the ticket at the same time gave a 
large Republican majority, was a signal triumph 
for him, no other Democratic candidate having been 
elected for a period of twenty-three years previous- 
ly. He administered the duties of the office of 
sheriff greatly to the satisfaction of his constitu- 
ents. It was during his term, and by his special 
act, that the noted criminal, John Ware, was 
brought to justice and hanged for the murder of 
his father, it being the first execution in Camden 
County. 

Since the year 187C Mr. P'redericks has served 
as a director in the First National Bank of Cam- 
den. In 1884 he was appointed by Governor Leon 
Abbett, for a term of four years, a member of the 
Council of State Charities and Correction. This 
body is composed of seven members, of which the 
Governor is president. Mr. Fredericks was first 
married to Judith Ann Horner, daughter of John 
and Elizabeth Horner, and to this union were 
born four children, — Lizzie (deceased), William 
H., Henry F. and Lewis C. (deceased). By his 
second marriage he has had three children, — Elias 
M., Howard P. (deceased) and Josiah Wallace. 



William H. Fredericks, the eldest son by the 
first marriage, was born in 1854, and was educated 
in the public schools of Camden, Pennington 
Seminary and William Fewsmith's Select School, 
in Philadelphia. In 1872 he entered his father's 
store as assistant book-keeper. During the past 
eight years he has had the superintending charge 
of the extensive business interests of his father, 
and in this position has shown rare executive and 
administrative abilities. He was married, in De- 
cember, 1884, to Clara R. Rotan, of Philadelphia, 
Pa. They have one child, Edna R. Henry Fra- 
zee, the second son, is a clerk in the wood depart- 
ment of the store; Elias Morgan, the third son, is 
a clerk in the hardware store; Josiah Wallace, 
the youngest son, is a student at Chester Military 
Academy. 

George A. Munger & Bro. are manufacturers 
and wholesale dealers in North Carolina pine 
lumber. Their planing-mill in Camden is on 
North Delaware Avenue. George A. and Chauncey 
W. Munger, the members of this firm, began, in 
1883, the business of planing and preparing North 
Carolina pine lumber for the market. They ship 
their lumber direct from their own mills in that 
State, one of the brothers being constantly engaged 
in manufacturing and shipping the same to their 
yards in Camden and large wharves on the river. 
The planing-mill is thoroughly equipped with 
five new machines for the preparation of their 
lumber for the trade, and the planers are of their 
own design, and patented. The machinery is 
driven by a forty horse-power engine. Twenty 
hands are constantly employed. The firm do a 
large wholesale business principally with the 
Pennsylvania and New Jersey trade. 

The Builders' Mill, on Cherry Street, owned 
by William H. Wilkins & Co., has a front of sixty 
feet, and a depth of eighty-eight feet, and was 
built in 1882 by James F. Davis, for the produc- 
tion of finished material used in his business as 
contractor and builder, and who still occupies a 
portion of the building. In March, 1886, he leased 
the mill to the present proprietors, William H. 
and E. A. Wilkins, who are at present engaged in 
the manufacture of builders' mill work, such as 
sash, doors, blinds, etc. Various improved and 
patented machines for the production of window- 
frames and inside blinds are driven by an engine 
of thirty-five horse-power, with forty horse-power 
boilers. The comiiany is jweparing to build on their 
ground, oppo.site the mill, a large warehouse for 
the storing of builders' material to supply the trade. 

The Planing-Mill, on Second Street, below 
Roydon, was built in 1882 by Wilson Ernst, a 




1 



tAiiift^OJucliiidfe 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



515 



prominent biiilJer of Camden, for the manufacture 
of door and window-frames, sash, blinds and build- 
ers' material, used in his business. For several 
years prior to the building of this mill he had con- 
ducted a similar one on Seventh Street, above 
Roydon. The mill he now owns is fitted up with 
planers, moulders, and mortising machinery for 
rapid production of finished work, and which is 
run by a steam-engine of fifteen horse-power. 
Twenty-five hands are employed, and the products 
are used in the buildings which the proprietor has 
in course of construction in Camden. 

C. B. Coles' Planing-Mill, corner of Front 
and Liberty Streets, is owned by Charles B. Coles, 
who, in 1864, in connection with William S. 
Doughten, started the business on Front Street, 
corner of Chestnut, the firm-name being Doughten 
& Coles. They continued in partnership until 
1870, when they dissolved, and Charles B. Coles 
built his own mill at the present location. The 
mill is two stories in height and one hundred feet 
square and is equipped with all improved machin- 
ery for dressing timber, scroll and other kinds of 
sawing, and for the manufacture of doors, sash, 
blinds and builders' materials of various kinds. 
A large space is set apart as a box manufactory, 
where boxes of all kinds, from the smallest size tea- 
box to the largest size packing-boxes, are made to 
order. Soon after the erection of the mill his 
business had so greatly increased that he found it 
necessary to purchase ground along the entire 
river-front in the rear of his mill for the storing 
of lumber. The manufactured products were also 
in great demand and to keep up a lot of seasoned 
goods in this line, he had erected a three-story 
brick oflice and a large store-house at No. 14 
Kaighn Avenue, where the goods were stored and 
primed. The local trade is large, and contractors 
from Cape May, Atlantic City, Delaware and 
Maryland are supplied from this mill. Since the 
improvements made by the Reading Railroad 
Company he has his timber shipped direct from the 
West, while his facilities for shipping are unsur- 
passed. From seventy-five to one hundred hands 
are employed. This industry is one of the most 
important in South Camden and the business is of 
verj' large proportions. 

CHARLE.S B. Coles, who is prominently identi- 
fied with the business interests of the city and 
county of Camden, is a lineal descendant of Sam- 
uel and Elizabeth Coles, who emigrated from 
Coles Hill, Hertfordshire, England, and landed on 
the Jersey shore of the Delaware River a few 
miles above the site of Philadelphia, before that 
citv was founded. Samuel Coles was a hatter in 



his native country, and doubtless plied his trade 
among the few settlers here in the primitive forests 
of New Jersey when he first arrived. He built a 
house near the spot where he landed, but soon 
afterward moved farther eastward, and on the l.'Uh 
day of the Third Month, 1682, obtained a right of 
survey for five hundred acres of land on the north 
side of the mouth of Coopers Creek and fronting 
on the river. His nearest neighbor, William 
Cooper, about the same time settled on the oppo- 
site side of the creek, in the midst of an Indian 
village of Shackomaxin. Samuel Coles sold part 
of his land to Henry Wood and purchased five 
hundred acres on the south side of Pemisaukin 
Creek and removed there in ahouse already erected- 
He gave the name of this place New Orchard, 
which was situated near the head of the south 
branch of that stream, but has now lost its identity. 
He subsequently owned more than one thousand 
acres of land, then mostly an unbroken forest, but 
now many valuable farms, some of which are 
owned by direct and collateral branches of the 
family which he founded in America. Samuel 
Coles was a member of the Legislature in the years 
1683 and 1685 and had much to do with the polit- 
ical trouble of the province of New Jersey, among 
which was the settlement in 1685 of the first 
boundary line between the counties of Burlington 
and Gloucester. About 1790 he went on a visit to 
England and on his way back to New Jersey the 
vessel on which he was sailing stopped at the 
Island of Barbadoes, where he was taken sick of a 
fever and died. 

Samuel Coles and his wife, Elizabeth, had two 
children — Samuel {who married Mary, a daughter 
of Thomas Kendall) and Sarah (who married 
James W^ild). Samuel and Mary Coles' children 
were Samuel (who married Mary Lippiucott), 
Joseph (married Mary Wood), Thomas (married 
Hannah Stokes), Kendall (married Ann Budd), 
Elizabeth (married Jacob Buckman and Benjamin 
Cooper), Mary (married Edward Tonkins), Susan- 
nah (married William Budd), and Rachel (married 
Enoch Roberts). 

James and Sarah Wild had two children — James 
and Sarah. Within the bounds of the land that 
Samuel Coles owned at the time of his death is 
situated the historic St. Mary's Episcopal Church, 
better known as the old Colestown Church, in 
Delaware township. Elizabeth Coles, his widow, 
afterward married Gritfith Morgan, a mariner, of 
Philadelphia, December 10, 1693, whose only son, 
Alexander, married Hannah, the daughter of 
Joseph and Lydia Cooper and granddaughter of 
William Coojier, the first settler. 



516 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Kendall Coles, who married Ann Budd, was the 
second son of Samuel and Mary Coles and grand- 
son of the emigrants, Samuel and Elizabeth Coles, 
and the great-grandfather of Cbas. B. Coles, who is 
the great-great-great-grandson of Samuel Coles, the 
emigrant. Joseph Coles, the grandfather of 
Charles B. Coles, was married to Sarah lltulings. 
Their son Charles was born July 7, 1807, and died 
February 25, 1837 ; married Rachel Burrough, 
daughter of Joseph and Martha (Davis) Burrough, 
and had two children, — Joseph, who died in child- 
hood, and Charles B. Coles, who was born on 
August 7, 1836, at the homestead now owned by 
himself, and known as the Coles Mill Farm, in 
Chester township, Burlington County, near the 
Camden line, to which place his father moved 
upon his marriage with Rachel Burrough, whose 
ancestors for six generations had owned the same 
property. His mother died in the Eleventh Month 
29, 1869, aged sixty-five years. 

Charles B. Coles' father died when he was less 
than a year and a half old. When eight years of 
age he went to reside with an uncle on a farm, and 
in early life followed the occupation of farming. 
In 186-t he engaged in the active business of life and 
has since followed it with unabated prosperity. 
He has filled various positions of responsibility 
and trust and has always shown a great interest 
in the moral and material welfare of the commun- 
ity with which he has been identified and has been 
keenly alive to the greater questions of public 
polity. Reared an Abolitionist, he became one of 
the warmest supporters of the Republican party 
when it came into being and was one of its foremost 
local organizers. As a Republican he was elected 
to the Camden City Council in 1864, and was by 
far the youngest member of that body, being but 
twenty-eight years of age. The temperance cause 
had ever in him a devoted advocate and of late 
years he was frequently sent to the State Capital to 
use his influence in securing temperance legisla- 
tion from his party. Becoming at length con- 
vinced of the fiftility of this method of procedure, 
he, in 1884, openly espoused the cause of prohibi- 
tion and became a member of that party, the suc- 
cess of which he has since done all in his power to 
advance. In thesummer of 1886 he was appointed 
by Supreme Court Judge Joel Parker as the rep- 
resentative of his party in the board of three com- 
missioners, constituted under a recent law, to ad- 
just the back taxes of the city of Camden. Mr. 
Coles was one of the incorporators and is one of 
the directors of the Camden National Bank and 
also a director in the Colestown Cemetery Com- 
pany. 



Mr. Coles was married, on June 8, 1865, to Mary 
M. Colson, daughter of Jonathan and Hannah 
(Lippincott) Colson, of Gloucester City. They 
have two chidren — William C. and Henry B. 

Central Ldmber-Yard, situated at Second 
Street and Cherry, was opened by Volney G. 
Bennett, who, in 1876, bought the property and 
erected the various buildings, sheds, oflice and 
stables necessary in the business of a general 
lumber dealer. The yard has a frontage of one 
hundred and twenty-two feet on Second Street, 
with a depth of one hundred and eighty feet to 
Spring Street and one hundred and eighty by twenty 
feet on Front Street. The drying-sheds cover an area 
of one hundred and six by one hundred and twelve 
feet, and cover a stock of seasoned lumber repre- 
senting ten to fifteen thousand dollars in value. 
Six hands are employed. The proprietor has ex- 
cellent facilities for shipping direct from Western 
mills and yards. 

Volney G. Bennett, the owner of this lumber- 
yard, is a descendant of Stephen Bennett, who 
immigrated prior to the Revolution from Connec- 
ticut, and settled near what is now Palmyra, Pike 
County, Pa. His wife, Mary (Gates) Bennett, also 
of New England parentage, witnessed the stirring 
scenes incident to the Wyoming massacre, and 
gave the alarm to the settlers of the approach 
of the murderous Indians, on that historic occasion. 
Stephen and Mary Bennett had eight children, 
whose names were Frederick, Stephen, Francis, 
Jared, Rufus, Lebbeus, Mary and Samantha. 

Jared succeeded to the homestead and engaged 
in farming and lumbering. He married Esther 
Killam, by whom he had six children, viz. : Gib- 
son, Jaue, Isaac (who served in a New York regi- 
ment during the late war), Frederick, Harvey and 
Volney. After the death of his wife he was mar- 
ried a second time, to Louisa Curtis. By this 
marriage he had three children, — Stephen, Esther 
and Fanny; all of these children are living except 
Frederick, and married but Stephen and Fanny, 
settling in difierent parts of the country. Gibson 
settled in St. Joseph County, Mich.; Isaac, Stephen 
and Esther reside in Pike County ; Harvey is in 
Camden ; and Fanny in Jainesville, Wis. 

Volney G. Bennett was born April 9, 1837. He 
remained with his father until he became of age, 
when he removed to Camden, where he has since 
resided. He entered the employ of McKeen & 
Bingham, lumber merchants of Camden, and re- 
mained with them until 1876, and upon June 1st 
of that year began the lumber business on his own 
account at the corner of Second Street and Cherry. 
By persistent efl^orts he has become successful, and 




^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



517 



has increased, by close attention, his business 
interests. 

On July -7, 18li4, he wa.s luarrieil to Enieline, 
daughter of Captain Thomas and Aiigeline Davis, 
of Port Elizabeth, N. ,1. By this marriage he has 
five children, — Killam Edgar (who is associated 
with his father in the lumber business), Emily, 
Volney, Alfred and Olive. 

J[r. Bennett and his family are members of the 
First Baptist Church of Camden. In politics he is 
a Democrat. He is treasurer of the Franklin 
Building Loan and City Loan Associations, and is 
esteemed by his fellow-citizens as a man of careful 
business methods, excellent judgment and e.xem- 
plary habits. 

The PL.\sisfi-MiLL on Liberty Street, under 
the management of Thomas R. Arrison, was pur- 
chased by him in 1882. lu 1880 he bought and 
operated the Doughteu Mill, at the corner of Front 
Street and Chestnut, until 1882, at which time it 
was entirely destroyed by file. He then bought 
the machinery and buildings of the present loca- 
tion and made many improvements to suit the 
production of builders' material. The mill is one 
hundred by ninety ieet, and is supplied by a 
thirty-five horse-power engine and improved 
machinery for making doors, sash, blinds, shutters, 
mouldings, brackets, scroll and other sawing- 
Thirty-six workmen are employed The i)ro(lucts 
are shipped through New Jersey, Pennsylvania 
and adjacent States. 

8t.\ntox t*i: BiiANNiNG, in 1872, began the 
manufacture of lumber at the foot of Walnut 
Street, on their grounds, which cover an area of 
ten acres. The saw and planing-mill is a large 
frame structure one hundred and thirty-two by 
forty feet, with two wings, one hundred by twenty- 
four feet each, and is fitted up with the first-class 
machinery for sawing and planing lumber, and 
since the introdnition of Sterns' patent steam- 
carriage, has a ca|)acity for cutting fifty thousand 
feet of lumber daily. Two engines, aggregating 
one hundred horse-power, run the machinery. The 
annual sales amount to one hundred and thirty 
thousand dollars, the trade extending, along the 
Camden and Atlantic Railroad, to Atlantic City, to 
('ai)e May, also in Pennsylvania and Delaware, and 
over a long line of the river route. Fifty hands 
are employed. In February, 188(), J. W. Branniug 
w ithdrew from the firm and the business was con- 
ducted by Mr. Stanton until the time of his death. 
Lkwis N. Stantox was born in Wayne County, 
Pa., and is a son of William G. Stanton, a native 
of Orange County, N. Y., who, upon his removal 
to Pennsylvania, early in life, married Martha J. 
02 



Holliert, of Pike founty. Pa. By this union five 
children were born, — Lewis N., Benjamin D, 
Mary E., Martha and Harriet. At the age of 
fifteen Lewis N. began his successful business 
career, locating at Narrowslmrg, Sullivan County, 
N. Y., where he opened a grocery store. This he 
managed successfully until the breaking out of the 
Civil War, when he sold out in order to enlist in 
the army, which he did in I8l)2, becoming a first 
lieutenant of ('om|iany K, One Hundred and 
Forty-third New York Yolunteer Infantry, and 
was promoted to the captaincy the .same year for 
gallant and meritorious services. He served with 
his regiment in the Peninsular campaign under 
General Keyes, and the sub.sequent campaigns of 
the Potomac army up to Gettysburg, and was then 
transferred to the AVest to the army of General 
Hooker, and was present at the battles of Chatta- 
nooga and Missionary Ridge. During his three 
years of military service be never had a leave of 
absence from his eomnnind. 

On July :i, 18()1, he was married to Sarah A , 
daughter of C. Iv. aud Pho?be A. Gordon, daughter 
of John and Sarah Monroe, of Monticello, Sulli- 
van County, New York, by whom he had three 
children, — May, the eldest, is married to C. J. 
Baldwin, of Hopewell, Dutehe.ss County, N. Y.; 
Lulu, died when an infant; and William G., living 
at home. 

Immediately after the war Mr. Stanton embarked 
in business, becoming largely interested in tracts 
of timber-land in New York, Pennsylvania and 
North Carolina, and in 1870 he formed a co-part- 
nership with .lohn W. Branniug, of Gamden, but 
retained his place of residence at Monticello uiftil 
ten years later. His fellow-citizens of .Sullivan 
County, N. Y., honored him by electing him super- 
visor for five and county clerk for three successive 
terms. He was a director in the First National 
Bank of Oneonta, and al.so in the Second National 
Bank of Port Jervis, N. Y., and he wa-s a promi- 
nent mendjer of the Masonic fraternity. 

He died on .liine 2, 188(5, and his remains were 
interred in a new cemetery on his own land, near 
the scenes of his early days at Narrowslmrg. He 
was a man of many excellent qualities, was suc- 
cessful in his business life, a brave and patriotic 
soldier and an exemplary citizen. 

C. W. Pattkrson & Co. are the pro|)rietors of a 
saw-mill and plauing-niill on West Street, corner 
of Washington. The large denuind for linished 
nufterial to meet the wants of the many contractors 
and buildera in the rapidly-growing city of Cam- 
den ofi'ered inducements to this firm, and thev 
founded their industry in 1881!. Themill is amply 



518 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



provided with phuiers, circular uiul band-saws, 
turning lathes, upright nuiulders, boring and 
tenoning machinery, for the nianufacture of build- 
ers' materials in all its different branches. The 
machinery is driven by an engine of fifteen Iiorse- 
power. Seven workmen are employed. The mill 
is running to its full capacity, to meet the deman<ls 
of contractors and builders. 

TUF, TlJIHER, Hi'AR AND Pi UNO IjASIN of 

David Baird is located on the Delaware River and 
extends two hundred feet in front and one thou- 
sand two hundred feet in depth at the foot of Pearl 
Street. The enterprise was established in 1872 by 
tlie present proi)rietor and designed especially for 
the storage of large timber, spars, piling, Oregon 
heavy timber and lOastern si)ruce lumber, as also 
hackmetack knees, for general supply to ship and 
boat-builders. The large Oregon pine timber, 
some of which is one hundred and ten feet in 
length by three feet in diameter at the butt and 
two feet at top, is shipped direct by the proprietor 
in large timber vessels from the Pacific Coast, 
while the spruce for small spars, masts and flag- 
staffs is shipped from Nova Scotia and from Clear- 
field County, Pa. He also ships pine and oak 
timlier from Michigan and other States bordering 
on the Great Lakes and also from Canada. He is 
part owner of the large timber tract formerly owned 
by (tovernor Bigler, in Clearfield County, Pa., has 
large timber tracts in Western Virginia and in 
Northwestern Pennsylvania, near Pittsburgli, and is 
sole owner of a large tract in Lewis County, New 
York State, where he operates a lumber camp and 
saw-mill, employing over filly hands. The products 
of this mill are sold iu New York. He is also en- 
gaged in shipping hackmetack knees for vessels, 
receiving them direct from Bangor, Me. 

David Baird is of Scotch-Irish ancestry. His 
grandfather, James Baird, a farmer, whose resi- 
dence was in County Derry, Leland, married Ann 
Jiac Jenkin, to whom were born children — .\n- 
drew, William, James, Samuel and a daughter 
Eliza. James Baird was born on the ancestral land 
in County Derry, and during his active life was 
engaged in the business of road contracting. He 
married Ann, daughter of David Robinson, of the 
same county, and their children were \Villiam, 
Mary, Daviil, James, Andrew, Ann .Lane, Eliza 
and NLirgaret. The death of Mr. Baird occurred 
in 1858, and that of his wife the year previous. 
Their son David, the subject of this biography, 
was born on the 7th of April, 1839, in County 
Derry, Ireland, and there spent his early years. 
His brother William having previously emigrated 
to America, he was soon afterward induced to join 



him in Baltimore, JId. He speedily engaged in 
labor on a farm, meanwhile im])ri)ving his educa- 
tion by study and acquiring habits of observation 
and reflection which proved of great value in after- 
life. In 1859 he entered the employ of Messrs. 
(xillingham & Garrison, lumbermen of Phila- 
delphia, with whom he remained until 1872, his 
duties being connected with the floating and raft- 
ing of lumber on the Susquehanna River to their 
mills in the city. He then embarked in the same 
business, and has been since largely interested in 
floating, rafting, buying and selling heavy timber 
and sjjars for vessels, with offices in Camden. The 
central field of operation for this increasing busi- 
ness is with New York, Boston and Philadel|)hia. 
To this lumber interest, which, from modest begin- 
nings, has grown to large proportions, he gives his 
personal attention. He has also made extensive 
purchases of timber land in Pennsylvania, all of 
which ventures have been exceptionally successful. 

Mr. Baird was, on the 23d of January, 1808, nuu- 
ried to Miss Christianna, daughter of William and 
Mary Beatty, of Philadelphia, their children being 
William James (deceased), David, Jr. (deceased), 
JIary Beatty, Irvin C. Beatty, Christianna . I. and 
David, Jr. Jlr. Baird is a pronounced Uepuldican, 
and, although influential with his |iarty, has de- 
clined all offices other than that of member of the 
Board of Chosen FreehoUlers for four years from 
the First Ward of Camden. He is vice-president 
of the Economy Building and Loan Association 
and director of the North Camden Building i>nd 
Loan Association. He is a mendier of the Ionic 
Lodge No 94, of F. and A. M. of Camden, and con- 
nected with various beneficial a,ssociations and a 
supporter of the Centenary Methodist Episcopal 
(Jhurch, of which his wife and daughter Mary are 
members. He has been a resident of Camden 
since 1859. 

The ]aimbeii-Yari> of t'olson & Mull'onl oc- 
cupies the ground on the Delaware Itiver front 
above Kaiglin Avenue, and was started in 1850 by 
William S. Doughten, afterwards carried on by 
Doughten & Coles and later by Doughten, Son i^ 
Co. In 1880 the i)resent firm (the individual mem- 
bers of which are Benjamin F. Colson and All>ert 
L. Mulford) purchased the entire business and have 
since conducted it. The ground occujiied is ninety 
by one thousand feet. Since the [lurchase this 
firm has constructed on the i>rcinises a saw and 
planing-mill, which are operated by an engine of 
twenty-five horse-power. The trade extends 
throughout the adjoining States. 

The Lumber- Yard of Shivers & Moflett is lo- 
cated on the west side of Delaware Avenue, below 




W^ f£cuA^ 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



519 



Market iStreet. It was (irst slurU'd in .laiiiuny, 
ISSf), l>y the present firm, tlie individual members 
being William M. Shivers, who had been for a long 
time with Mr. Morrison, the Inmber dealer, above 
.Market Street, and Henry 0. MoMett, late with C. 
li. t!oles. The yard has a frontage of four hun- 
dred and fifty feet on Delaware Avenue and is 
one thousand five hundred feet in dci)th to the 
port warden's line. The stock consists of all kinds 
of builders' lumber. The trade extends to Penn- 
sylvania, through Southern New Jersey and to 
points along the Delaware Biver. 

S. H. Morrison's Uunber-yard is located upon 
the site of the saw and planing-miU which was 
established by John F. Starr, in 1871, for making 
doors, blinds, sash, etc., and builders' materials. 
In 1873 the present proprietor leased the mill and 
operated it until it was totally destroyed by fire, on 
Sunday night, January 17, 1880, since which time 
the site has been used for the storage of lumber, 
while the Imilders' materials are shipped direct 
from the mills in Butfalo. The yard has an area 
of eighty feet front by seven hundred and fifty 
feet in depth. The trade is quite large, principally 
with Philadelphia. In tlie past year Mr. Morrison 
has furnished the lumber and building material 
for nine hundred houses in Philadelidiia and two 
hundred and sixty-two in Camden. 

OII.-CLOTH MANDFACTURERS. 

The manufacture of oil-cloths and carpels was 
not engaged in by tlie early settlers in this country. 
These articles were then considere<! as household 
adornments imported from Europe, which only the 
wealthy cla.sses could enjoy, and were used in 
small quantities previous to the Kevolution. The 
earliest mention of the manufacture of carpets 
in America was by William Calvery, at his fac- 
tory in Philadelphia, and the date is supposed 
to be 1774, when it was asserted that the carpets 
were superior to those im])orted. By the year ]7".)1 
carpets were made quite extensively in Philadel- 
phia; about that time people took great interest in 
liiriiishing their houses with them. In order to 
supply the demand, John Dorsey, a merchant of 
Philadelphia, in 1807, at a ftictory on Chestnut 
Street, between Eleventh and Twelfth, began to 
make " floor oil-cloth and carpets." In his estab- 
lishment were two looms for making a strong cloth 
of a (|uality between sail-duck and Russia sheet- 
ing. ( )ne of these looms could weave a piece seven 
yards in width, and one man could turn out from 
thirty-two to forty-five yards per day. The kind 
of goods produced at this establishment " was sim- 
ilar to Hare's patent imported oil-cloth." It was 



made |)lain and in colors, and was sold at from 
one dollar and a ((uarter to two dollars per yard. 
In 1808 Isaac JlcCauly established a factory in 
Philadelphia, on Market Street, near the Schuyl- 
kill bridge, for the manufacture of "oil-cloths and 
carpets in various colors." The next year he pur- 
chased the Dorsey factory, on ChestTiut Street, and 
moveil his establishment to the northeast corner of 
Broad and Filbert Streets. In 1815 he moved to the 
Hamilton mansion, on ISush Hill, and there, with 
enlarged facilities, by the year 1820, " his success 
in making oil-cloth was very great," and the same 
year he "undertook the manufacture of carpets." 
He spun his own yarn for carpets and oil-cloth. 
Canvas then was used as the basis Ibr oil-cloth, 
some of which was made twenty-one feet wi<le. In 
1825 the government issued him a i)atent for " an 
improved method of making oil-cloth," and he 
continued the business with success. Most of the 
work in the process of nuiking oil-cloth for many 
years after this was done by hand. 

In 1820 David Powers, at Landisburg, X. Y., 
began to make oil-cloth with some change in the 
process used by his predecessors in the business, 
and nearly like that in use at the present day, only 
that steam-power was not then brought into requi- 
sition. While engaged at his business one day, he 
was accidentally burne<l by a pot of varnish, which 
caused his death, and his widow, Dinah Powers, 
continued the business. 

The firm of D. Powers & Sons, of that town, is 
still known as manufacturers of oil-cloth on an 
extensive scale. The American oil-cloth of the 
]iresent day is made in the States of Maine, New 
York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The num- 
ber of factories is not numerous, there being prob- 
ably no more than fifty in the United States. Of 
the four factories in the State of New Jersey, three 
are situated in the city of Camden. 

Prominent in this industry in Camden are the 
Messrs. R. H. & B. C. Reeve, who own and ojierate 
the Camden Floor Oil-Cloth Works, situated on 
I'ine Street, east of Haddon Avenue. Theses works 
were originated by the present projirielors, at the 
same location, in the year 18(iS. The individual 
members of this firm, who have, by their own 
eftbrts, established their industry in ('amden, 
and the largest oil-cloth factory in the Slate 
of New Jersey, are Richard II. Reeve and 
Benjamin C. Reeve. The former is the son 
of William F. Reeve and the latter the son of 
Emmor Reeve, two brothers, who, in connection 
with an elder brother, Josiah M. Reeve, under the 
firm-name of Reeve & Bros., were extensively en- 
gaged in ship-building and owners of saw-mills and 



520 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



grist-mills at Alloway, Salem County, N. J., and 
who built the large steamer " Columbus," which 
plied the Atlantic Ocean between Philadelphia 
and Charleston, the "Stephen Baldwin " and many 
other vessels and large schooners. The Messrs. 
Reeve, inlieriting the enterjjrise and executive 
.ability of their fathers, were quite young men 
when they moved from Alloway to Camden, in 1S(!8, 
to establish their manufactory. The evidence of 
their success is shown from the substantial growth 
and development of the business. They began on 
a limited scale in two small buildings with twenty 
workmen, and an annual product of about one 
hundred thou.sand yards of manufactured oil-cloth, 
all of one variety. They now possess one of the 
three largest oil-cloth manufactories in the United 
States, covering an area of four and a half acres, 
own and occupy nine diti'erent liuildings on this 
tract, employ one hundred workmen and produce 
annually about one million yards of manufactured 
oil-cloth of five ditt'erent kinds and varieties. The 
seasoned and perfected oil-cloth is sold by travel- 
ing salesmen, an<l shijiped to every section of the 
Union. 

As the demand for the oil-cloth of the Cam- 
den works increased, owing to the superiority 
of its quality and the reliability of the firm, new 
buildings were added in order to increase the ca- 
pacity of manufacture. Originally most of the 
work was done by hand, which was followed by 
the introduction of improved machinery, boilers 
and engines, and the application of steam as a 
motor, and steam heat in the process of drying the 
cloth and for heating the various buildings. In 
order to get pure water, better adapted to the pur- 
pose of manufacture, a few years ago an artesian 
well was sunk a hundred feet in depth, which sup- 
plies the large boilers where the steam is gener- 
ated and conveyed to the various departments. 
After the condensation of the steam it is returned 
to the boiler and utilized again. 

The process of manufacture as now applied in 
the production of oil-cloths of various kinds, and 
executed in hundreds of different designs, is quite 
complicated, and requires about six weeks to com- 
plete it from the raw material. The textile arti- 
cle known as burlap, which forms the basis of the 
cloth, is a foreign production, and is manut.actured 
in IMindce, Scotland, from the jute plant, which 
is grown in such abundance in India. The Messrs. 
Reeve import their own burla]) from Dundee in 
large quantities and keep it in stock. The build- 
ing erected in 1870, and designated by the firm .as 
Number 1, is a three story frame structure, thirty- 
three bv one hundred and fifteen feet, and is used 



as the sizing department. On the second floor of 
this building the crude burlap is passed over and 
between moving cylinders, thus rendering it 
smooth and capable of receiving the aiiplications 
of paint. The grinding and mixing of paints is 
done in building Number 5, erected in 1874, ad- 
joining which is a two-story brick structure with 
basement, used for the mixing of paints and the 
storage of material. Attached to building Number 
5 is an ai)artment in which is ])laced an eighty- 
horse-power boiler and a thirty horse-power en- 
gine, for driving the machinery to grind thepaints 
and for the sizing, coating and rubbing of the ma- 
terial. The coating department is in building 
Number 1, which is thirty-three by one hundred 
and thirteen feet, and was erected in 1870, and in 
Number 2, one of the original buildings. The 
first coats of paint are jilaced on the sized burlap 
by means of machinery, and the cloth thus pre- 
pared for printing, before which, however, in an 
adjoining apartment, the coated cloth is again 
rubl)ed smooth, in the preparation of it for 
printing. 

The most delicate part of the process in theman- 
ufacture of oil-cloth is the printing of it in va- 
rious colors, wdiich at these works is artistically 
performed by skilled workmen with blocks in the 
form of .squares. There are two buildings devoted 
to this department. Number 0, a three-story brick 
structure, sixty by one hundred and thirty feet, 
was erected in 187(i. The third story of this 
building is used for printing the cheap grades of 
goods, and the first and second stories for printing 
sheet-goods and other better i|ualities. Building 
Number 3 is forty by one hundred and twenty feet, 
and also three stories high, built and arranged for 
convenience in printing the difterent grades. Af- 
ter the various tints are systematically applied and 
this part of the work completed, the cloth is con.- 
veyed to drying-houses and hung in a vertical po- 
sition. These buildings are then kept closed and 
steam-heat is applied, requiring two weeks to com- 
plete the drying eftectively. In building Number 
4, thirty-two by one hundred and ten feet, and built 
in 1870, the lower gradas of cloth are dried. In 
building Number 7, which is built of brick, sixty 
by one hundred and twenty feet, and two stories 
high, the better grades of oil-cloth are dried in 
about two weeks. The capacity of the drying de- 
partment is very large. 

The last building needed by the Messrs. Reeve 
for the accommodation of their increasing business 
was erected in 1882-83. It is a substantial and 
commodious two-story brick structure, with base- 
ment, sixty by one hundred and thirty feet. It 






■■■6 




X//1 



3 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



521 



contains a conveniently arranged business office 
on the first floor. In an adjoining apartment tlie 
varnishing and finishing of the cloth is done after 
being thoroughly dried. It is then placed in the 
storage room to await the time of shipment to the 
trade and to the Philadelphia office and s.alesroom 
at 917 Filbert Street. The extent of these works 
is shown by the steadily increasing amount of 
business done, the growth of which is to be fairly 
attributed to personal attention to details and the 
adoption of more perfect processes and the reduc- 
tion in the cost of production brought about by 
the use of labor-saving machinery. 

The Reeve family has been one of the influential 
families of Southern New Jersey for nearly two hun- 
dred years ; their ancestor, Mark Reeve, came to 
America from England with " Fenwick's Colony." 
He is said to have been possessed of rare mental 
endowments, and became the owner of large tracts 
of land in Cumberland County, N. J. He was a 
member of the Assembly which met in Burlington 
in 1683-85, was a prominent member of the Society 
of Friends, and died in 1G94. His descendants were 
among the leading citizens of Southern New Jersey. 
Wm. Reeve, the grandftither of Richard H., Benja- 
min C. and Augustus Reeve, was born 11th 
of 12th Month, 1766, and married Letitia, daughter 
of Josiah and Letitia Miller, of Mannington, N. J., 
and had nine children, five of whom were sons, 
viz., Josiah Miller, William F., Mark M., Richard 
M. and Emmor Reeve. Jo.siah M. Reeve, with his 
two younger brothers, William F. and Emmor, 
carried on ship-buildiag successfully for a number 
of years at Alloway, N. J. These three brothers, 
each, at different times, represented their county 
(Salem) in the upper house of the State legislature. 
They also contributed largely to the growth and 
prosperity of the town of their adoption by erecting 
large and substantial buildings. 

Richard H. Reeve, the senior partner of the 
firm, was born at Alloway, Salem County, N. J., 
October 5, 1840, and is a son of William F. and 
Mary W. (Cooper) Reeve, his mother being a 
daughter of William Cooper, who for more than 
half a century wa.s one of the best known and 
most influential citizens of Camden. Mr. Reeve 
obtained his education in the schools of his native 
place and at the well-known Westtown Boarding- 
School, in Chester County, Pa. He afterwards 
took a commercial course at Crittenden's Business 
College in Philadelphia, at a time when that insti- 
tution had attained its greatest popularity and 
success. In 1862 he engaged in the lumber trade 
at Alloway and continued in that business there 
until his removal to Camden, in 1868, to become 



associated with his jiresent partner in the manu - 
facturing establishment which has been described. 
He and his partner are lineal descendants of a 
family which for many generations past have 
been connected by faith and membership with the 
Society of Friends, both being members of New- 
ton Meeting. 

Mr. Reeve was married, June 3, 1863, to Sallie W. 
Carpenter, daughter of Samuel P. and Hannah A. 
Carpenter, her father being a lineal descendant of 
Samuel Carpenter, once the owner of the site upon 
which the central part of Camden is built, a con- 
temporary of William Penn and next to him the 
most influential of early settlers in Pennsylvania. 
The children of this marriage are Augustus H., 
Hannah C, Mary W. and Alice M. Reeve. 

Though Mr. Reeve devotes his time almost ex- 
clusively to his business, his usefulness has been 
brought into requisition as a director of the Cum- 
berland National Bank, treasurer of the Camden 
City Dispensary and a member of the board of 
managers of Cooper Hospital. 

Benjamin C. Reeve, the junior partner of the 
firm of R. H- & B. C. Reeve, was born on September 
23, 1844, at Alloway, Salem County. He is a son 
of Emmor and Prudence B. (Cooper) Reeve, the 
latter being also the daughter of the late William 
Cooper, of Coopers Point, Camden. After ob- 
taining the rudiments of an education at home, 
Mr. Reeve entered Westtown Boarding-School, 
in Chester County, Pa., and remained in that 
excellent institution for a period of three years. 
He then entered the Polytechnic College, in Phila- 
delphia, and after completing the entire course 
was graduated with the class of 1865. Not desir- 
ing to follow the profession of a civil engineer, for 
which he prepared, in 1868 he associated himself 
with his present partner in the establishment of 
the manufacturing business to which he has since 
steadily devoted his time and energies. In recog- 
nition of his success as a business man, a few 
years ago he was chosen a director in the Camden 
Safe Deposit Company, and has filled other posi- 
tions of trust and responsibility. Mr. Reeve was 
married, October 3, 1877, to Mary R. Carpenter, 
daughter of Samuel P. and Hannah A. Carpenter, 
of Salem, N. J. They have two children— Rachel 
C. and Herbert E. Reeve. 

Augustus Reeve, a leading manufacturer of 
Camden for the past twenty years, was born in 
Alloway, Salem County, N. J., August 3], 1833, 
and was a son of William F. and Mary W. (Cooper) 
Reeve, the former a native of Burlington County 
(though his father was from Cumberland County), 
and the latter a descendant of William and Mar- 



522 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



garet Cooper, the original settlers of Coopers 
Point (of whom a sketch appears elsewhere in this 
work). Both families were members of the Or- 
thodox Friends. The boyhood of .Vugustus Eeeve 
was spent in his native town, and his school edu- 
cation was completed at Haverford College. After 
he had attained his majority he carried on for 
some time the lumber business at Allowaytown, 
and in 1862 went to the Safe Harbor Iron Works, 
on the Susquehanna River, in Lancaster County, 
Pennsylvania, where he had charge of the com- 
pany's store. In 1866 he came to Camden and 
purchased the Pea Shore Brick Works, now 
known as the Pea Shore Brick and Terra-Cotta 
Works. He materially enlarged the manufactur- 
ing plant from time to time, became a thorough 
master of the details of the business, and in 1876 
added the line of manufacture which made neces- 
sai-y the second clause in the title of the manu 
factory, and began the production of a line of 
terra-cotta goods which has been constantly in- 
creased in variety. The manufacture now in- 
cludes all kinds or grades of red brick, vitrified 
drain and sewer pipe, terra-cotta pipe in all of its 
branches, flue pipes, chimney pots, vase.*, flower 
pots, rustic hanging baskets, window boxes and 
many other articles of combined utility and beauty. 
The works, employing about one hundred men, are 
upon the Delaware River, four miles above Cam- 
den, and at Fish-House Station on the Amboy 
Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, which 
gives the proprietor excellent advantages for ship- 
ping goods either by rail or water. 

Mr. Reeve is a Republican, but not an active 
politician. He has been a member of the Camden 
City Council, but was chosen to that position more 
because of his being a representative business man 
than upon any other consideration. He also has 
been a trustee of the Cooper Hospital from its 
commencement. 

He married, June 25, 1862, Rebecca C, daughter 
of Isaac H. and Elizabeth H. Wood, of Haddon 
Hall, Haddonfield. They have four children, — 
Elizabeth Cooper, William F. (in business with 
his father), Laura and Charles Gaskell. 

Fakii & Bailey, manufacturers of floor oil- 
cloth, have their works and office at Seventh and 
Kaighn Avenue. This firm is composed of Sam- 
uel T. Bailey and his nephew, Edward L. Farr. 
The family to which they belong has been in the 
oil-cloth business for four generations. Ezekiel 
Bailey, grandfather of S. T. Bailey, and great- 
grandfather of E. L. Farr, began the manufacture 
of table oil-cloths in Winthrop, Me., about 1825. 
His seven sons have all been engaged in the busi- 



ness. Moses and Charles M. are the most promi- 
nent of these sons. Samuel T. Bailey was brought 
up in the family of Charles M. Bailey, his father 
having died while he was a boy, and for nineteen 
years was employed in his uncle's store in New 
York City and the greater part of the time he was 
manager of it. C. M. Bailey still resides in Win- 
throp, Me., where he has several large oil-cloth 
works. Moses Bailey was also engaged in manu- 
facturing at Winthrop, but about 1872 or 1873 
sold his factory to his brother, Charles M. In 1875 
he purchased the factory and gi-ound in Camden, 
now occupied by Farr & Bailey, from a Mr. Eng- 
lish. He associated with him in the management 
of the business Lincoln D. Farr, the husband of 
his niece, adopted daughter and sister of the 
present S. T. Bailey. From that time until 1883 
the business was conducted in the name of Lin- 
coln D. Farr, under whose management the busi- 
ness greatly increased. Originally there were four 
buildings and five more were added by him, mak^ 
ing nine in all, and thus the facilities for manufac- 
ture were quadrupled. Mr. Bailey retained a silent 
interest in the business until his death, in 1882. 
Lincoln D. Farr died in January, 1883, and the 
business was continued from tliat time until De- 
cember, 1884, by his estate, under the management 
of his son, Edward L. Farr, and Samuel T. Bailey, 
who had been employed as salesman in New York 
City. In December, 1884, the present firm was 
formed. The lot upon which the works are located 
is four hundred by seven hundred feet, upon which 
are eighteen principal buildings, six of which are 
forty by one hundred feet. Of these buildings, 
six are constructed of brick, the balance of wood. 
There are three boilers aggregating one hundred 
and ninety horse-power, with four engines aggre- 
gating eighty horse-power. The buildings are 
fitted up with the latest improved machinery. 
Em|)loyment is given to about one hundred men. 
The weekly production is about twenty-five thou- 
sand yards of floor oil-cloth. This firm manufac- 
tures floor oil-cloths, rugs, mats and stair-cloth. 
The goods are sold in all parts of the United 
States east of the Rocky Mountains and also in 
Canada. 

The Floor Oil-Cloth Manufactoky at the 
corner of Seventh Street and Jefferson was erected 
and the business established, in 1882, by J. C. 
Dunn, Jr., & Co. The building is sixty-six by one 
hundred and twenty-five feet in dimensions and is 
specially designed for the manufacture of floor 
oil-cloths from one yard to two and one-half yards 
in width. The various departments are provided 
with sizing, rubbing, varnishing, painting and other 




^yy^y^X 




THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



523 



machines used in the business. The lull capacity 
of the factory is nine thousand nine hundred yards 
of finished cloth weekly, and constant employment 
is given to thirty-tive workmen. The manufactured 
oil-cloths of this establishment are sold throujrh 
i'hiladelpliia and New York business houses. In 
February, 188(5, J. C. Dunn, Jr., purchased an 
additional acre of ground, and, during that year, 
erected another large two-story building, si.xty-two 
by one hundred and forty feet, which increa.sed 
the capacity of manufacture, and, when put in 
operation, furnished enqdovment to eighty work- 
men. 

KAiftHx.s Point Oil-Cloth Works, occupy- 
ing an acre of ground at Ferry Road and Atlantic 
Avenue, have been built and put in operation 
since February, ISSti. The main building is of 
frame, two stories high, and is lifty-four by one 
bu[i(lred and twenty-six feet in dimensions. It is 
completely fitted up with new machinery, includ- 
ing sizing, rubbing, coating and varnishing ma- 
chines. The interior department is used as the 
drying-room, with ranges, tiers and racks, and in 
front there are two paint-mills and two feeders, 
I'rom which the cloth passes to the different dryers 
as the several coatings are applied. The machin- 
ery is driven by two engines. The main engine is 
a twenty-five horsepower, and runs the general 
machinery and shafting; a small engine of five 
horse-power runs the sizing machines. Floor oil- 
cloth from one yard to two and one-half yards in 
width is manufactured and shipped to New York 
and Phihidel|iliia merchants. The proprietor is 
P. .1. Murphy, who has his otlice at the works. 
Twenty hands are employed, under the care of 
John B. Hutchinson as general manager. 

L. B. Ran'pall, who for eighteen years has been 
superintendent of the oil-cloth works of R. H. & 
I?. C. Reeve, of Camden, in 1884 began the manu- 
I'acture of oil-doth and wall-paper blocks, a new 
invention used in the printing department of oil- 
cloth and wall-paper manufactories. His i)lace of 
business is at the corner of West and Washington 
Streets. His son, Frank H. Randall, has been 
engaged for a period of twelve years as an em|)loyee 
in the manufacture of oil-cloth, and is now fore- 
man of the works of which his father is superin- 
tendent. 

WOOLEN AND WORSTED .MILLS. 

The Linden Worsted Mills, one of the largest 
and most productive manufacturing establishments 
of its kind in the Middle States, is situated on 
the square bounded by Broadway, Fourth, Win- 
slow and Jefferson Streets, in South Camden. The 
enterprising proprietors of this industry are How- 



land Croft and Herbert Priestly, who. in ISS.'i. pur- 
chased the building which they now occupy, en- 
larged it and fitted it u|i for the matnifacture of 
worsted yarns. The machinery used is of the l)est 
improved kind, being nearly all entirely new. The 
arrangements and surroundings of their establish- 
ment are admirably suited for the i)urpo.ses de- 
signed, and the facilities for the production of 
worsted yarns of fine(|uality is ecjual to that of an v 
worsted-mill in ,\merica. The senior proprietor, 
Mr. Croft, under whose intelligent and skillful 
management it has attained such vast proportions, 
is a thoroughly practical numufacturer, having 
been continuously engaged in the business since he 
first entered a worstered-mill as an employee in his 
native country, England, thirty-years ago. The 
Linden ^Mill is substantially l)uilt of brick, four 
stories high, and situated in the centre of a large 
[)lot of ground which is also the property of the 
firm. The numerous windows in the mill admit a 
plentiful supply of light into all the departments, 
and the heating accommodations are well arranged- 
Excellent fire apparatus is connected with the 
mill, with a line of hose on each floor and a water- 
tank on the top of the tower, so that in the case 
of accidental fire, it could be ipiickly extinguished 
by the ajipliances at ready command. .Adjoining 
the large mill is a wool warehouse, in which twenty- 
two wool-sorters are occupied in handling the 
finest domestic and Australian wool that can l)e 
obtained antl preparing and arranging it for the 
wciol-washing process. The washing and carding 
of the wool is done on the first floor of the large 
mill, and adjoining this department is the engine- 
room, containing a compound Corli.ss engine of 
four hundred horse-power, which is used as the 
motor to run the extensive machinery. 

After the wool is washed and carded it is con- 
veyeil to the combing department on the sec<ind 
story, where there are eleven combing-machiMes, 
nine of which are new. Here the wool is care- 
fidly condjed and jirepared for the drawing depart- 
ment, located on the third floor, where four large 
drawing-machines perform the delicate ojieration 
of drawing out the top from the condjed wool into 
rooving and preparing it for spinning. In the 
fourth story the wonderfully interesting operation 
of si)inning and twisting the yarn is done, with 
the vast nuudier of seven thousand spindles upon 
an intricate combination of machinery, which, 
when moving, is interesting to behold. The las^ 
operation is that of reeling and spooling the yarn, 
the production of which, at this mill, ranges from 
20s to UM)s. The manufactured wool made bv 
Croft A Priestly is sold throughout the Middle and 



524 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



New England States. The weekly consumption 
of wool is twenty-five thousand pounds, and four 
hundred men and women are regularly employed 
at tlie Linden Mills. 

HowLAND Ceoft, the active head and senior 
proprietor of the industry just described, wa.s born 
January Hi, 1X3S>, at Wilsden, in Yorkshire, Eng- 
land, and is a sou of John and Hannah Howlatid 
Croft. His father was a coachman for Major 
Benjamin Farrand, a large land-owner of that 
country. His mother is of Scotch descent, as the 
name indicates. Young Croft became an orphan 
at the early age of three years, when his father was 
fatally injured by being thrown from a horse, and 
the boy was placed upon his own resources to gain 
a livelihood. As soon as he was large enough to 
perform manual labor he was employed in a wor- 
sted-mill in his native place, spending one-half the 
day in school and the other half in the mill, until 
he arrived at the age of twelve years, when he de- 
voted full time to his work in the mill, and con- 
tinued thus employed until he was seventeen. 
Being an active boy and quick to leai'n the busi- 
ness, he then went to the town of Farsley, in York- 
shire, and took charge of a small factory, and while 
there met Mr. Briggs Priestly, father of his present 
partner, now a member of the English Parliament, 
and a large manufacturer and land-owner of Brad- 
ford, England. Mr. Croft remained in that j)osition 
until 1867; in the meantime the mill was enlarged. 
During that year he concluded to come to America. 
He located in Philadelphia, and immediately there- 
after became su])erintendent of one of the depart- 
ments of the worsted-mill of .John and AVilliam 
Yewdell, then the only manufactory of its kind in 
that city. After an engagement of three weeks he 
was sent by his employers to England to purchase 
improved machinery for their enlarged mill, and 
upon his return he brought his family with him. 
.M'ter an engagement of two years in the em]>loy 
Tuentioned, Mr. Croft was solicited by ( Jeorge Camp- 
bell to superintend the establishment and manage- 
ment of a new worsted-null at Twcnty-lirst Street 
and Washington Avenue, Philadelphia, which soon 
developed to be the largest worsted manufactory 
in the city. He continued in that responsible 
position and built up the interests of his employer 
until IX7il, when he retired from the jiosition, went 
to iMigbind to purchase machinery for a new wor- 
sted-mill to be located at Front Street and 
Linden, in Camden, and of which, ui)on returning, 
he became the senior proprietor, under the firm 
name of Croft, Midgely & liommel, who openitcd 
the first worsted-mill in New Jersey. This |)artner- 
sliip existed for two and a half years. In 1,S84 Jlr. 



Croft purchased the interest of his partners and 
called in as his new partner Jlr. Herbert Priestly, 
and formed the present firm of Croft & Priestly, 
and they also operated a mill in Philadelphia, along 
with the (Jamden mill. In I880 the firm of Croft 
& Priestly disposed of their other mills and pur- 
chased the one which they now own and operate. 

Mr. Croft was married, in 1859, in Farsley, Eng- 
land, to Mary Granger, daughter of William 
Grauger, of that town. By this marriage were 
born eight children, six of whom — Annie, John 
William, Miranda, Clara, George and Samuel — 
are now living. John William, the eldest son, is 
engaged with his father in business. The two 
youngest sons are attending school near Harrow- 
gate, in England. 

A. Priestley & Co., during the year 1886, es- 
tablished a mill for the manufacture of worsted 
suitings at the corner of Broadway and Jefferson 
Street, in South Camden. This enterprising firm, 
composed of Arthur Priestley and Herbert Bot- 
tomley, for five years previously had operated a 
mill in the manufacture of the same kind of goods 
at Second Street and C(dumbia Avenue, in Phila- 
delphia. Obtaining the eligible location which 
they now occupy, they erected a weaving shed of 
brick, two hundred and five by ninety-one feet, 
which has a capacity of one hundred anil sixty- 
eight broad looms. The present plant contains 
forty broad looms, which will soon be increased to 
seventy-two. The.se, with the finishing and other 
machinery necessary to the production of the 
manufactured goods, will occupy the capacity of 
the present shed. When all the space is thus 
taken up, the firm contemplate erecting an addi- 
tional mill for the machinery and tilling up the 
shed now used with the looms. The mill lias been 
put into operation and will in a very short tinu^, 
by the completion of the jilans already fornudate<l, 
be one <if the most important industries in Cam- 
den, and will employ a large number of workmen. 

The Cajidkn Wcxji.en-Mii.ls Cdmi-any on 
State Street near Coojiers ('reek. This is a corpo- 
ration which was organized in December, 188L', 
withHenry Bottomley, president; JohnT. Bottom- 
ley, treasurer; William M. Cap|), secretary; an<l 
S. B. Stitt & Co., selling agents. They operate 
the Camden woolen-mills, which were built in 
1S(!3, and of which Henry Bottomley was ibcn 
supcrinleiulent and S. B. Stitt treasurer. The 
buildings, ten in number, are built of fine bricks 
and iiu'lude the mill proper, three hundred by 
filty-tw^o feet, half of which is three stories in 
height, the other half two stories; an L extension 
three stories hlLdi, niiictv by thirtv-thrce feet; 





.^^^tzy'i 




THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



525 



engine-house, boiler-house, two dye-house.'<, one 
dry-house, one picker-house, one raw stock ware- 
house and one warehouse for finished goods. There 
are also thirty-nine tenement-houses of two and 
three stories in height ujxju the projierty. The 
total area occupied is aliout seven acres. Many kinds 
of cloth, both woolen and worsted, for men's and 
women's wear, are manufactured. These mills are 
favorably known to the trade and have a wide- 
spread reputation for superior equipments in 
machinery and for the superiority of the goods 
produced. The improved and automatic machin- 
ery supplied to the mills include sixteen sets of 
cards and one hundred and two broad looms, with 
other necessary machines for woolens and worsteds. 
The motive force is furnished liy a high-pressure 
Corliss engine of two hundred and tifty horse- 
power, which is run by six cylinder and two steel 
tubular boilers. There are three hundred and 
seventy-seven employees constantly at work. The 
products are sold through S. B. Stitt & Co., whose 
offices are located at No. 221 Chestnut >Street, 
Philadelphia, and No. 4;t Leoiuird .Street, New 
York City. 

Highland \Vorsted-Mill,s are at Ninth and 
State Streets and on Coopers Creek. They were 
built by a company in 1884. This company was 
incorporated early in the year 1884 with S. B. 
Stitt as president; John T. Bottomley, treasurer; 
William M. Capp, secretary ; and Henry Bottom- 
ley, agent. The mills cover an area of four hun- 
dred and fifty by one hundred and fifty feet, and 
include one large four-story mill, engine and boiler- 
house, store-house and office, all of brick. These 
buildings were specially designed and constructed 
by the company with every improvement suggested 
by the highest style of architecture and with every 
precaution against destruction by fire, being pro- 
tected by automatic water-pipes as a safeguard. 
The company is yet in its infancy and only a 
portion of the mills is in operation. Two large 
operating-rooms, two hun<lred by sixty feet, have 
recently been furnished with new' and imj)roved 
machines, which will enable the company to man- 
ufacture more than trijile the amount previously 
produced. In the original building there were in 
running order nine carding-machines,six combing- 
machines, three sets of drawing-machines and 
forty-four hundred spindles, which produce worsted 
yarns of all kinds known to the trade. The en- 
tire machinery is driven byacomjiound condensing 
Corliss engine of five huudred horse-power, run 
liy two Galloway boilers of three hundred horse- 
power each. The draught-stack for these boilers 
is one hundred and eighty-three feet high and six 
63 



and a half feel inside measure at the top. Two 
hundred and forty hands have constant employ- 
ment in the mills. The [)roducls are sold through- 
out the United States. The offices of the company 
are at No. 221 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, and 
No. 4i) Leonard Street, New York City. 

The Pine Point Mills, located at corner of 
Erie Street and Fifth, above (hoopers Point, were 
established in April, ISSfi, by John S. Spruance 
and James S. Birkhead, in the mills formerly 
operated by the Wood Manufacturing t'ompauy, 
and which had been idle for one year. The firm 
of Spruance & Birkhead fitted up the mills with 
new machinery, including two sets of latest im- 
proved Bridesburg cards, one wool-picker, one 
willow-picker and four mules running three hun- 
dred and ninety-six spindles each ; also reels, 
twisters and other automatic machines used in the 
production of cotton and woolen yarns. The mills 
occupy an acre of ground on the Delaware River 
an<l include four brick buildings. The mill proper 
is one hundred and sixty by sixty feet, with North 
light roofing, and has a boiler-house, a picker- 
room and an engine-room adjoining. An Erie City 
engine of sixty horse-power, run by a seventy-five 
horse-power Erie boiler, is used. Twenty hands 
are employed. The products are shijiped to man- 
ufacturers in the States of New York and Penn- 
sylvania, the mills at Cohoes, New York State, 
using the largest portion. 

Novelty Worsted-Mill was established in 
1883 by James E. Ackroyd and Joseph W. Scull, 
for the manufacture of worsted yarns to supply to 
the trade in New Jer.sey, Pennsylvania and the 
New England States. The mill is situated at the 
corner of Pine Street and Pearl. It is three .stories 
high, has a frontage of one huudred and sixty 
feet, and extends from thence to the Delaware 
River. It is fully equipped with machinery and 
appliances for the production of worsted yarn in 
large quantities, having nine spinning frames of 
one hundred and sixty-eight spindles each, or, in 
all, one thousand five hundred and twelve spindles, 
three carding-machines, two combing-machiries, 
eighteen drawing-machines and four doubling- 
machines. A one hundred and fifty horse-power 
engine, with two tubular boilers, furnish the mo- 
tive power to run the machinery. Four thousand 
pounds of yarn are maiuifactured weekly, and 
eighty workmen are employed. The business 
office for the sale of yarn is at No. 30 Letitia 
Street, Philadelphia. 

The Aberfoyle Mii,ls were lately erected 
for the manufacture of ladies' fine dress goods, 
such as seersuckers, ginghams, chambries, etc. 



526 



HISTORY OF CAJIDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



This extensive mill property is leased and ()])erated 
by W. T. Galey and is well fitted up with the new 
and most improved machinery for the manufacture 
of his particular line of goods. He has now one 
hundred looms and preparing machinery for the 
same ; also calenilers, Miller's Rotary Press, 
power press, singeing, shearing, tendering, starch- 
ing and folding-machines, also rolling and sewing- 
machines. At present one hundred workmen are 
employed. The mill is two stories high and fifty- 
three by one hundred and fifty feet. There is also 
an engine-hou.se, sixty-five by twenty-two feet, 
containing one seventy-five horse-power Buckeye 
automatic cut-ofi' engine and powerful dynamos 
for furnishing light for the mill and property 
generally; also one Hoflf & F'ontainc engine of 
thirty-live horse-power, one boiler-house, thirty- 
four by thirty-two feet, containing two steel tubu- 
lar boilers of two hundred horse-power. One hun- 
dred looms are in operation, which number will be 
largely increased. When the entire works of the 
company are in complete operation, five hundred 
hands will be employed. Ten three-story brick 
dwelling-houses are now on the ground for the use 
of the operatives and more will be erected. 

The Brighton Mills, near the corner of 
Point and Erie Streets, were established by Irvine 
C. Beatty, in May, 18815, for the manufiicture of 
elastic shoe webs. The brick manufactory is fifty 
by one hundred feet in dimensions, and is supplied 
with fifteen hxnns, twenty-three feet long, with 
ten shuttles each, weaving ten ]>ieces of webbing 
at the same time, and cai)able of as many changes 
in colors as may be desired. There are also gass- 
ing-machines, calenders, warping-mills and wind- 
ers, all of the most improved pattern and design. 
Forty workmen are employed, who produce eight 
thousand yards of web per week, .sufficient to fit 
out twenty-five thousand pairs of (congress gait- 
ers. This webbing is sold in large quantities to 
the trade throughout the entire United States. A 
thirty horse-power engine furnishes the motive- 
power to the varied automatic machinery required 
in the production of the finished material. 

Mr. lieatly is now preparing to construct at 
Pine Point, in North Camden, a large three-story 
brick factory, fifty-three by one hundred feet, in 
order to enable him to meet the now steadily 
increasing demand. More looms and machinery 
will be added, .so na to give eniploynient to one 
hundred and fifty hands, and produce twcnlylwo 
thousand yards of webbing per week. 

In the proprietor of these works, Irvine C. 
Beatty, is (exhibited a fine example of what in- 
dustry, integrity and pluck, unaided by the prestige 



of position or wealth, can accomplish under the 
conditions of the American commercial system. 
The road to success is open to all, but only a few 
reach the goal because of the ruggedness of the 
l)athway at the oulstart. Some are carried over 
the rough places at the beginning of the road of 
life, but young Beatty made his own way from the 
outset, as a few facts concerning his career will 
show. Born in Boughenforth, County Fermanagh, 
Ireland, April 23, 1849, he came to America as an 
infant in his mother's arms. His father, William 
Beatty, having lost what little property he pos- 
sessed in the old country, determined to find a 
home in the new, and having come to Philadelphia 
and found employment, had sent for his wife, Mary 
C'hittick Beatty, and his family, six months later. 
They arrived in the tiuaker City in the sunimer of 
18-50, at the time of the great fire, and thus re- 
united, enjoyed a humble but happy home for a 
dozen years. Then the supporter, the husband 
and father died, and a hard struggle was forced 
upon those bereft. Irvine left school at the age of 
thirteen and a half years to begin the battle of 
life. He obtained work with the same house 
where his father had been employed — that of 
Alexander Whillden & Sons, dealers in wool, 
woolens, cotton and cotton yarns. His wages were 
"nothing a year" for the first year, fifty dollars 
for the second and one hundred dollars for the 
third — the usual arrangement at that time. While 
working for " nothing a year" he sewed wool-bags 
and performed similar work at night, often toiling 
as late ;« two o'clock in the morning, to earn a 
few pennies for the support of the family. He 
progressed from this humble beginning slowly at 
first, and then rapidly until 187.'), when after hav- 
ing been a salesman for a number of years and 
thoroughly mastering the business, he gave u]) a 
.salary of thirty-five hundred dollars per year to 
embark in trade for himself In January, 187(i, 
he opened a cotton, woolen and worsted yarns 
house at 35 Letitia Street, Philadelphia, afterwards 
removing to 123 Chestnut Street, where he was 
burned out, and after that disaster, to his i)resent 
location, 136 Chestnut Street. Here he, who as 
the boy began at " nothing a year," now as a young 
man, carries on a business amounting to from seven 
to eight htindred Ihousand dollars per year. The 
goods handled by the house are cotton, woolen 
and worsted yarns. In the works in t'amden, tiir 
the manufacture of clastic shoe-webbing, started, as 
heretofore noted, in 1883, a business is done which 
amounts to about one hundred thousand dollars 
per annum. Mr. Beatty's activity, however, is not 
confined to these cntcr|)rises, large as they are. 



THE CITY OF (lAMDEN. 



527 



He is i)resi(leiit of the Deibel Sewing-M;wliine 
and Trimnier Manufacturing CVinipaiiy, at Tliinl 
and Cumberland Streets, IMiiladelphia, and a 
director of the Camden National Bank. He takes 
also an active interest in matters pertaining to the 
public welfare; is one of the strongest supporters, 
though not a member, of the Tabernacle Methodist 
Episcopal Church ; is an intluential member of 
the Board of Education and chairman of its board 
of property. In politics lie is a Republican. He 
is a mendier of Ionic Lodge No. it4 V. and A. JI.; 
Siloam Royal Arch Chapter; Cyrene Commandery 
of Knight Templars of Camden, and is a 82d de- 
gree Mason. Mr. Beatty was united in marriage, 
December 12, 1877, to Jliss Mary S. Gray, of Ber- 
nardston, Eranklin County, Mass., arul tliey have 
one child, William Beatty. 

The Lace and E.mbroidery Masukactoky 
at Front Street and Pearl is an establishment of 
extensive proportions. It was originated, in 1SS2, 
by the firm of Loeb & Schoenfeld, comi)Osed of 
Jacob Loeb. Max Schoenfeld and David Schoen- 
feld, who manufacture a great variety of laces 
and embroidery of fine qualities. This factory is 
a branch of a larger one at Rorschach, Switzer- 
land, the Camden factory having the main ware- 
house at Nos. 70 and 72 Franklin Street, New Ycjrk 
City. The Camden mill is built of brick, four 
stories high, and is fitted up with im|>roved ma- 
chinery, and one hundred and lilty baiiils are em- 
ployed. 

The Gimp and Frinoe Manufactory at 
Nos. 39 and 41 North Second Street was established 
first in Philadelidxia, in 1858, by Richard Perks 
In 1872 he sold his interest in the business to 
George A. I'erks & Co. In 1878 they remove<l 
the machinery and appurtenances to Camden, and 
fitted up the manufactory, which is of brick, thirty 
by one hundred and fifty-five feet, with twelve 
weaving looms, four chenille nuichines and six 
spinning and spooling wheels and other necessary 
machinery for the manufacture of gimps, fringes, 
cords, tassels, etc., for upholstery trimmings. In 
1884 George A. Perks became sole proprietor, but 
still conducts the business under the firm-name. 
Seventy hands are employed. The manufactured 
products of this establishment are sold principally 
to upholsterers in New York, l'biladel]diia, Balti- 
more and other cities. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

The Wood Manufacturing Company, of 
which J. B. Wood is president, E. H. Kimball 
treasurer, and Guy B. Greenwood secretary and 
general manager was established as a stock company 



in the year 188(), and within the short S|>acc of i-ight 
months made very great improvements at Pine 
Point, in the upper part of Camden City. This 
com|iany bought ten acres of ground on the Dela- 
ware River front, at the head of Fifth Street, 
including the basin ol' the sectional dry-docks, 
wdiich were in operation for about five years pre- 
viously, but discontinued in August, 1885. The 
com])any has constructed two huge wharves, one 
twenty-two by six hundred and forty leet, the 
other twenty-two by seven hundred and twenty 
feet. The basin is one hundred and four by three 
hundred and forty feet, with an average depth of 
twenty-four feet, and is now uscil for wharfiige 
property, repairing and discharging of difierent 
cargoes. East of, and a(ljac<iit to, (his basin is 
the long wharf, seven hundrcil and tw<-nty feet in 
length, forming the w<'sl side of the new marine 
railway, which has been in course of construction 
since May 1st ol' the present year (188G). The 
dimensions of this, the largest marine railway ever 
constructed on the Delaware River, is eight hun- 
dred and twenty-five feet in length on the ways, 
and of sufficient width for four tracks, and is cal- 
culated to haul out vessels of two thousand eight 
hundred tons register and three hundred and fifty 
feet in length. This railway is now complete with 
the exception of the cairiage, which is three hun- 
dred feet in length, and the jdacing in position of 
the machinery and engine, which are already on 
the ground. 

The Aroma Mills are situated at the east end 
of Line Street, on Coopers Creek, and were estab- 
lished in the year 1840 by the Browning Brothers, 
for the manufacture of dye-woods and chemicals. 
The business at these mills, when they were first 
started, was coiulucted on a limited scale, but 
during the forty-six years that they have been in 
continuous operation under the same management 
they have grown and <levelopcd into an extensive 
industry. Large buildings have been added to the 
original one, until there are now nine in all, which 
are built upon the jiroperty of the linn who con- 
duct the business. 

The main building is a three-story brick, eighty 
by one hundred feet, and with the adjacent build- 
ings, is supplied and fitted with the necessary ap- 
pliances and machinery for the special preparation 
of their products. From seventy to eighty work- 
men are employed, and five large motor engines 
and four pumping engines, with thirty boilers, are 
required to extract dyes and drive the machinery. 
The business and annual sales of this firm are very 
large. The trade extends throughout the Union, 
and also to many portions of Europe. 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



The main office of tliese mills is at Nos. 42 and 
44 North Front Street, Philadelpliia. The indi- 
vidual members of the firm are Maurice, G. Genge 
and tieorge G. Browning. 

Maurice Bkowninu, the senior member of the 
firm of Browning Brotliers, proprietors of the 
above-described industry, was born June 5, 1811, 
on the homestead farm of the Browning family, in 
Stockton township, about three and a half miles 
from Camden. The family to which he belongs is 
one of the oldest in the State of New Jersey, the 
American founder being George Browning, who 
came immediately from Holland to this country 
about 17.35, and settled near Pea Shore, in what is 
now Stockton township. Abraham Browning, the 
father of Maurice Browning, was a prosperous 
farmer. He also established what is now known 
as the Market Street Ferry in Camden, about 1800, 
and owned it until his deatli, in 1S36, when it 
passed to his heirs, among whom was the subject 
of this sketch, and who is now a director in the 
company which operates the ferry. 

Maurice Browning obtained his earliest educa- 
tion in the country schools in the neighborhood of 
his home, and afterwards attended the popular 
school at Burlington of John Gummere, the math- 
ematician, at whose institution his brother, Hon. 
Abraham Browning, was prepared for Yale Col- 
lege. After leaving school he entered a drug- 
store at Mount Holly, N. J., remaining for a time, 
aud then took a course in laboratory work and 
pharmacy under Doctors Wood and Bache in Phil- 
adelphia. He next opened a drug-store on Market 
Street, in the city named, and since 1840 has 
devoted most of his time to the interest of the 
Aroma Mills. Mr. Browning was one of the 
directors of the Farmers and Mechanics Bank, 
was a director in 1864, when its charter was 
changed to the First National Bank of Camden, 
and continued a member of the board of that in- 
stitution until his resignation, in 1885. He was 
one of the original members of the Union League 
of Philadelphia, and since the organization of the 
Republican party he has been an ardent supporter 
of its principles. He is manager of the Browning 
estate, comprising several valuable farms lying in 
Stockton township. 

Mr. Browning was married, in 1840, to Anna A., 
daughter of Joshua Few Smith, who was a promi- 
nent merchant of Philadelphia, and in later years 
lived in retirement on a farm near Haddonfield. 
They had the following children : Abraham M. 
(deceased) ; Josephine, married to Isaac Doughten 
of Camden ; and Alice. Mrs. Bi'owning died in 
the year 1880. 



Camden Dyewood, Extract and Chemical 
Works are located at the corner of Seventeenth 
and Stevens Streets, fronting on Cooper Creek, and 
are owned and operated by W. Wharton Fisher. 
They cover an area of two acres , and were established 
in the year 1880. Forty men are regularly em- 
ployed in the manufacturing dyewoods and chemi- 
cals for dyeing purposes. The apartments occu- 
pied are a large three-story brick building, eighty 
by one hundred feet, with an engine and boiler- 
room annex, thirty-three by thirty feet, a frame one- 
story building, one hundred and twenty-five by one 
hundred and forty feet, and three other frame build- 
ings adjoining the larger ones. The valuable prod- 
ucts of this manufacturing establishment have an 
extensive sale in all parts of the United States. 

The New Jersey Chemical Works, on Coop- 
ers Creek, occupy several large buildings and 
sheds, covering an area of two and one-half acres. 
Previous to 1872 they were operated by Potts & 
Klett, for the manufacture of chemicals and fertil- 
izers. In that year they came into the possession of 
the New Jersey Chemical Company, which was 
incorporated in 1872, with Henry C. Gibson, pres- 
ident ; Thomas B. Watson, treasurer ; and William 
E. Laflerty, secretary. This company continue 
the manufacture of chemicals and fertilizers, and 
have fitted up eight large buildings of brick and 
stone and two large acid chambers, two hundred 
by forty feet in dimensions, for the preparation of 
their products, which are shiiiped to localities in 
the difterent States. Three large engines, equal to 
one hundred and twenty-five horse-power, supply 
the motive-power for the machinery. From seventy 
to eighty hands are employed. The company 
transact a business of verj^ large proportions. 

The Camden City Dye Works, Nos. 609 and 
Gil Pearl Street, were started in 1877 by Henry 
Hussong and Conrad Moehl at the corner of Point 
and Pearl Streets. In 1879 the present firm bought 
out the boilers and machinery and removed the 
entire business to the present location. The firm 
is composed of Peter Hussong and his three sons, 
Henry, Joseph and Frederick Hussong. The fac- 
tory is a two-story brick, sixty by one hundred and 
fifty feet in dimensions, and cinnpletely fitted out 
with engine, boilers, whizzers, dryers, etc., for dye- 
ing cotton and woolen yarns. The business extends 
to New York, Pennsylvania and some of the South- 
ern States, and the work is principally done by 
contract for the large cotton aud woolen goods 
manufacturers. 

The American Bleach and Dye Works 
are located on the corner of Sixth Street and Me- 
chanic. A two-story building, forty by eighty 




^yU^^kU^^-C^^ ^^W 



a^U^i^^C^ ^<3J^r7r7m/y^ 




THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



529 



feet, was erected in ISSl, by .1. S. P. Ilogaii iiiid 
J. J. Hayes, for a hosiery-uiill. They condiute<l 
this business as partners until 1885, when .1. ,1. 
Hayes took charge of the hosiery businesss alone, 
and, with .1. S. 1*. Hogan, built the adjoining one- 
story frame building, thirty by eighty feet, and, 
when completed, the hosiery business was discon- 
tinued, and the buildings were fitted up its dye 
and bleach works. The bleaching and drying-mill 
is supplied with a large-size Butterworth drying- 
machine, washing-machines and starching and 
blueing-machines, which are driven by a twenty 
horse-power engine, with a thirty-five horse-power 
horizontal boiler. The dye-house is furnished 
with fifteen dye vats, and has ample machinery and 
facilities for drying, both by hot air and steam. 
The dye-house requires a fifteen horse-power en- 
gine to run the required machinery for the dyeing 
of cotton, wo(den and jute yarns, and the bleach- 
ing of quilts, counterpanes, Turkish towels, etc. 
From six to ten workmen are employed. Mr. J. 
J. Hayes, one of the proprietors, is a practical 
dyer, and has had many years' experience in his 
occupation. The trade of the firm is quite ex- 
tensive, and is conducte<l in the interests of Phil- 
adelphia and many Western manufacturers. 

The pRiNTiN(i Fnk M-vnufactory is situated 
at Nos. ri47, 549 and 551 South Second Street. 
Samuel P. Wright & Co., who operate these 
works, have the business office on Second Street 
and in the rear are located the several buildings 
and departments for the manufacture of the various 
grades and cok)rs of printers' and lithographeis' 
inks and varnishes. The grinding department is 
furnished with an engine of one hundred liorse- 
power, which runs fourteen mills, together with the 
machinery for the varnish de|)artnient. The weekly 
production is six thousand pounds, mostly of the 
finer grades, which are sold through the Middle, 
Southern and Western States. S. P. Wright began 
the manufacture of inksin Philadelphiain 186(). In 
1877 he removed his works to Camden, and for 
nine mouths of 1871) they were operated by Wright 
& L)unk. In the same year Samuel P. Wright 
bought the interest of Mr. Dunk and became sole 
proprietor, under the name of Samuel P. AVright 
& Co., the company being nominal. 

Camden Bras.s Works originated about 1808, 
in a brass foundry, at No. 130 -Federal Street, and 
conducted by A. J. Fullmer & Co. The location 
mentioned was limited in space and unsuitable for 
the business; hence in 1874, the same firm built 
the large brick foundry now owned and operated 
by them on the corner of Front Street and Fed- 
eral, where brass and bronze castings of various 



kinds are made. A large finishing shop is con- 
nected with the foundry, w ith appropriate machin- 
ery for turning, grinding and polishing brass work. 
The machinery is run by an engine of ten horse- 
power. Kmployinent is given to a large number 
of hands. 

West Jersey Paper Manufacturing Com- 
pany own large mills at the corner of Front and 
Kim Streets, which were Iniilr in 1876 by the firm 
of Rich, Scott & Saflbrd, who the same year began 
the manufiicture of pa])er. In 1879 a charter of 
incor|ioration was obtained, with the above title, 
with Lewis Seal, president; T. S. Scott, treasurer; 
T. S. Saflbrd, secretary. The mill is built of brick, 
one hundred and forty by one hundred and forty 
feet in dimensions, and is specially supplied 
with machinery for making rope-paper of three 
brands, known as flour-sack, building and cotton 
sampling. In the various departments are large 
mixing-vats, steamers and dryers, the principal 
department having in operation one one hundred 
and twenty inch cylinder-machine, and six six hun- 
dred pounds beating-engines. Two steam-engines, 
one of two hundred and one of sixty horse-power, 
are run by a gang of four large tubular boilers 
and sup]ily the motive-power to run the heavy 
machinery. Two and a half tons of paper are 
manufactured daily, and forty hands constantly 
employed. The manufactured ])aper is sold through 
Boston, New York and Philadelphia houses. 

The Pfeil&Golz Company, of which Herman 
C. Pfeil and Julius Golz are the individual mem- 
bers, commenced business as lithographers, in 
1882, at the corner of Front and Pearl Streets. In 
ISSJi the business had greatly increased, more 
room was required, and a large manufactory was 
ere<-ted at the foot of (iooper Street. In December 
of that year the company removed to the new 
factory, and on February 4, 1884, the building 
was entirely destroyed by fire. From this date 
until the fall of that year they used temporary 
quarters, and, in the meantime, were having built 
a large four-story manufactory, fifty by one hun- 
dred and fifty feet in dimensions, and arranged 
especially for lithographic purposes. In 1885 the 
company was incorporated under the above title. 
A thirty-five horse-power engine furnishes the 
motive-power for running power presses and the 
machines for calendering, varnishing and eidoring, 
used in the production of lithographs, glass, paper 
and muslin advertising signs, show-cards, etc. The 
manufacture of impermiographs is a specialty with 
this firm, and large contracts are made with the 
leading manufacturers, who desire this special 
production to advertise their business. Including 



5:to 



IIISTOUV OF CAMUKN COl'NTY, NEW JER.SKV. 



arliHlD ami wnrkiiifii, sixty liainlii arc fiii|il(iyeil. 
Their trade in of very large priiimrtimm, and ex- 
tenilH throughout the I'nited Stati-is and Canada. 
TlIK SrAXI>Altli SoAl' AMI C'HEMKAI. t'oM- 

I'ASY wart ineorporated in \xx'> with a paid-in 
capital of onehundreil tiioUHand dollars, with C li. 
Wilkinson as president and A. Segel an general 
niunager. The works cK-fupy the large three-story 
briek building with a front of fifty feet on West 
•Street by one hundred and twenty feel on Clint m 
Street. The eonipauy nianufaelure wiapM of various 
kinds, inks f>f several colors, washing-blue, Wiishing- 
powders, etc., etc., with twenty employees. Kiglil 
thousand cukes of soup arc made daily. The full 
capacity of the establi^<lllnent is twenty ihon.sand 
cakes per day. 

I'llE t'KYlSTAI. (1I.AS.S MaSI:KA<TI'KIN<1 COM- 
PANY wan incorporated in April, IMWl, with J. K. 
Runge, president ; 1'. Strang, treasurer ; andA.C. 
Lauuir, secretary. The ghtss works are located 
on Front Street, below Kuighn Avenue, and in- 
clude six buildings, two of iron and four of frame, 
which have recently been filteil up with all the 
latest iuiprove<l machinery rc<|uisit« for the busi- 
ness. The uniin factory is frame, seventy-eight by 
eighty-eight feet, and forty feet high, and has in 
|Hisition one large st4iek ami twelve suniller ones, 
with facilitii-s for the employment of one hundrc<l 
Workmen. In the other buildings are the mixing, 
grinding, box-making and parking deparlmenlH; 
also the pot making room and engine house. .\l 
these works are nuule wine, btvr, Weiss beer, 
porter and mineral water bottles, pickle jars and 
various kin<U of green and amber bottles; als4i 
Ha«ks and demijohuH. This firm makes Itotlles in 
private moulds for the trade in the .New F.ngland 
and adjacent States. The businexs in transncleil 
through the main ollice. No. '.M .Market Street. 
( 'anideii. 

This is the only glass nianufaet<iry in Camden 
at this date (IXWi). There were two glaiw works 
conducted formerly in the city, one by John Ca|H-- 
well.on Katglin .-V venue, corner of l^ieust Street, 
ill which Mini ghuw-ware wiis made. It was in 
o|M'rtttion for several years, but abnndoned when 
the lute war opeiif*<l. 

JiMH-ph Wharton also operutetl a glium manufac- 
tory on CiMipers Cri'ek for w»eral years. Ili.i 
works have not Im-<'|i operated since IHKI. A. C. 
I.aninr, the secrelary of (he ( 'rynttil 1 ilass Mannfuc 
luring Company, isalsoa maniifneliirer of winilow- 
glnju, having two faelorirs at WiMMlbury, N. .1., 
with ■ capacity for producing Rixl<-<'n hundnsl 
Isixes of window gliua per Week, and employing 
one hundre<l and liftv wurkuirn. 



riiKCKi.Ais ToiiTii Mam FAiToitY, at No. SU 
Mickle Street, is the only industry of its kiiiil in 
Camden, and wiu* originated anil hits been in eon- 
slant operation for fifly-two years. In |s;t-|,Siin- 
uel W. Neall built a threeslory brick building 
for this purpose in the rear of his dwelling. In 
IKiiti his son, l»aiiiel W. Ncull, was lulmiltisl a« a 
partner, and, in \XX'^, the latter purchased the 
entire business inten-sls of his father, and has 
since conducted the manufacture of artificial 
teeth from porcelain for the trade. The priKluels 
are in demand from the principal cities of llie 
I'nited Sluti'S, and are shippeil in large <|Uantilies 
to tliesi- liK-ulities. Filteeii wiirknieii arc employed, 
and one thousaml live hundred full sets of teeth 
are made wtvkly. The estublishmeiil is supplied 
with machinery, mills, moulds, ovens and retorts 
rojuisite for the busine^ss. 

Thk Hat Ka<tohy' of .Stephen Tims was 
eslal.lish.Hl in IStt'i at No. .•Il<; Market Street, the 
store having a front of twenty-one fe«'l, an<l ex- 
tending to the work-shop in the rear, one hundred 
and fifty feel, having als<i a front on Taylor Ave- 
nue. Silk and stilf hats, also the new style of 
pull-over hat, with patent seamless bixly, of which 
Mr. Titus is the sole proprietor and maniifae- 
liirer, are made here. 

Hl.ANK A.NI' I'RIXrKli ItuiiK lllM'KKS. This 
business wits first establishe<l in Cainden by Jacob 
Iti-iidcr, in 1H-')I». at the southwest i-orner of Third 
and .\rcli Streets. In \s.'>{i the location waa 
changed to No. TSl F«ileral Street, when theeiilir« 
business was wdd out to his son, |{idierl S. Ik-nder, 
who conliiiued in this place until April. |KK,%. The 
bindery was lh<-n removetl to .\o. It)| Market 
Street. Job binding and printed matter of all ile- 
scriptions is executed, and the bindery is most 
coinpli'te ill the necessary macliinery for the pur- 
|Bisi-. \ Uttvey safely iiigiiie and Isiijer fur- 
nishes the motive-power for the folders, slilchers, 
cutters, slMUipilig pri-sx-a, etc. Five workmen, 
live girls and live boys are einployetl. 

Havmohk's Mast am> Si-ak- Yaiiiw. — There 
are two large spar-yanls. in Cannleii, with ample 
buildings conveniently arraiigisl and fHle<l for the 
manufacture of oulftis lor all gradi-s of sailing 
vessids, and in which spars are made from twenty 
to one linndre<l and ten leet in length iiinl twenty- 
eight inches in diamclrr. The logs from w liicli llitwe 
Npnrs are maile ari' brought from California and 
OriTniii In nailing vessel", spe«iully il<s<ign<H| for 
loading mill shipping the same. From llie vesnrls 
the b>gs are lransferri-<l t<> the Ihmiiiiii at the f<M>t of 
the spar yardn and ure ilrawn from the naler as 
desirnl. 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



531 



These yards were opened by Joseph Bayinore, who 
first commenced the business at the toot of Ann 
Street, Port Richmond, and in 18t>8 established 
the yard at the foot of North Street. The build- 
ing is one hundred and ten feet front on Beach 
Street, and extends to the rear to the riparian line, 
occupying five acres of ground. On April 2H, 
1871, this yard was burned down, but was at once 
rebuilt and improved. A complete record is 
made of all spars furnished for outfits, so that when 
desired, exact duplicates can be made and for- 
warded to all ports in the United States. This 
yard has ten workmen, under the direction of 
Enos Bowen, as foreman. The spar-yard, on 
Front Street above Kaighn Avenue, at the lower 
portion of the city, was built by .Joseph Baymore 
in 1888, and is forty feet wide on Front Street, and 
one hundred and eighty-five feet in depth. This 
yard, also, is fully fitted for all branches of the 
business; ten workmen are employed, witli George 
J. Harris as foreman. Vessels in ditl'erent ports 
of the country are supplied with spars of any size 
and properly fitted for ready adjustment; all busi- 
ness is transacted through the office of ,rosc|ih 
Baymore, No. 118 North Delaware Avenue, Phila- 
delphia. 

The Spar-Yard on Penn Street, corner of 
Point Street, covers an area of three acres, having 
a front of thirty feet, and extending six hundred 
feet to the rear to the port warden line, and was 
started, in 187il, by George Humes. For thirly- 
five years previously he had conducted the busi- 
ness of a spar-maker in Philadelphia, and the 
many advantages offered in Camden for his busi- 
ness induced him to remove his industry to the 
present location. 

The yard is arranged lor the construction of 
spars of various sizes for steam vessels and sailing 
vessels, and also derricks. Hag-poles and staffs, etc. 
A large boom is connected with the yard, which has 
a capacity for guarding a supply of spar-logs. 

The Large Boat Shops on the river, at the 
head of Point Street, were established, in 187!), by 
the pre.'ent proprietor, James A. Collins. The 
shops have a frontage of forty-seven feet, and ex- 
tend to the dock in the river one hundred and 
sixty feet, and the equipment of the shops has 
been especially ada[)ted for the construction of 
sailing and steam yachts, of which a large number 
have been built in the past four years. Yawl and 
row-boats arc also built at these shops, which, by 
being under cover, are in operation the entire year. 
The business is large and is increasing, and boats 
of all kinds are built, not only for home trade, but 
for many of the Southern ports. From six 



to twelve men are employed in the shops. A large 
business is also done in repairing and refitting, the 
different branches of the business being all con- 
ducted under one roof. 

The Boat-Shop at C<io]iers Point was started 
in 187li by George W. Masters, who had for years 
previously conducted the same business in Phila- 
delphia, at Delaware Avenue and Shackamaxon 
Street. This yard is one-half acre in area, and 
fitted up for the construction of ships, boats, sail- 
ing and steam yachts, fishing, rowing and pleasure 
boats of various kinds. Within the past twenty 
years the proprietor has built a large number of 
yachts and boats. 

The Boat-Yarii, Front Street above 
Kaighn Avenue. — The increasing demand for 
pleasure boats, especially sailing and steam yachts, 
has given a remunerative industry to Camden, and 
the builders of this class of boats now furnish em- 
ployment to a large number of workmen, and are 
thus enabled to meet the demands from all ])or- 
tions of the river line. This boat-yard was started 
in 1885 by William H, Kaighn, and has been suc- 
cessfully operated by him. A large number of guu- 
ning-skitt's, and rowing and sailing boats have been 
constructed by the proprietor, and find ready sale 
to the proprietors of pleasure resorts in difierent 
parts of the adjacent States. 

The Penn Mantel-Works, at No. h> Market 
Street, were started in 1870 by Edmund Cotter, 
who had been identified for twenty years ])reviously 
with mantel-works in several Northern States. 
The buildings, of which there are three, extend two 
hundred feet in depth, and occupy grounds on 
both sides of George Street. The main building is 
fitted up with marbleizing department, large show- 
rooms, office, etc., while the back buildings are 
devoted to cutting and preparing the slate for the 
finishing process. The products comprise marble- 
ized slate mantels, wainscoting, slate hearths, 
bracket shelves, bureau and table- tops, and various 
kinds of slate work, fi)r the trade, builder.s, etc. 
Twenty-five workmen are constantly employed. 

CaiMhen City Marhle-Works, Junction of 
Federal and Arch Strkets.— This enterjirise 
has been in oi)eratiori since ]S(!7, when Webster 
Krips and William H. Shearman fitted up w(U'k- 
shops and sheds on both sides of .\rch Street for 
the preparation of monument, mantel and house- 
work. The yards and work-shops cover over :in 
acre of ground, and a large stock of marble and 
granite monuments, lieadstoncs, cemetery posts, 
etc., are kept on hand. From six to ten workmen 
arc employed. The trade is large, though priiu'i- 
jially local. Webster Krips has been the sole 



532 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



proprietor since 1S70, at which time he bought 
the interest of William H. Shearman. 

The Marble, Granite and Sandstone- 
Works at the corner of Eighth and Market 
Streets were established in 1S81 by Michael 0. 
Lyons, who for thirteen years before owned the 
marble-works at the corner of Fifth and Pearl 
Streets. This enterprise includes office, work- 
shops, and a show yard, one hundred by forty 
feet in dimensions, and is adapted to the produc- 
tion of monuments, mantels, cemetery work and 
house trimmings, in marble, granite, sandstone, 
etc. From nine to fifteen men are employed. A 
variety of manufactured marl)le designs is shown 
at these works. 

The first carriage-maker in Camden was Samuel 
Scull, who was engaged in the business in 1800, on 
Front Street above Market, near where Collings' 
carriage factory now stands. Twenty years later 
he built a large factory on the north side of Arch 
Street, extending from Front nearly to Second. 
His works included a paint shop, blacksmith sho]), 
and all the appliances belonging to the business. 
Beginning with three journeymen, he eventually 
employed between twenty and thirty, and his car- 
riages were shipped to the West Indies and other 
distant markets as well as sold to the local trade. 
(_)n his death, Isaac Cole, who had long worked for 
him, conducted the business for the widow, and 
eventually became the proprietor, and carried on 
the business for many years. Mr. Scull had two 
sons, Joseph and Samuel, both of whom engaged 
in the sausage business in the South Ward. The 
former built the brick house on the southeast cor- 
ner of Third and Kaighn Avenue, and the latter, 
who was Mayor in 1855, built the large three story 
brick house on the southeast corner of Locust and 
Kaighn Avenue. 

Isaac Vansciver learned his trade, carriage mak- 
ing, in Mount Holly, and when free came to Cam- 
den. After a campaign with the Camden Blues, in 
the War of 1812, he settled at Kaighns Point, 
where .loseph Kaighn gave him encouragement, 
and he started a carriage factory, subsequently re- 
moving his works to Dogwoodtown, on or near the 
site of Caflrey's carriage works. He afterwards 
erected a large factory on the west side of Front 
Street, above Arch, where he was burned out. He 
transferred his business to Philadelphia lor a time, 
but returned to Camden and resumed work at his 
old place on Front Street, where he continued un- 
til a few years before the War of the Rebellion, 
when be retired from busiiiess. In his long and 
busy life he gave employment to many persons. 



and the product of his factories found sales in dis- 
tant markets. 

Samuel Glover had a carriage factory on Front 
Street above Market, after Samuel Scull left there, 
and was succeeded by Jacob Collings, whose sons, 
Thomas S. and Joseph Z. Collings, continued the 
business and enlarged it, the latter being now the 
proprietor. 

Caffrey's Carriage MANtiFACTORY is at 
Market and Tenth Streets. The buildings were 
erected and the business originated in 1853, and for 
many years was conducted by Charles S. Caffrey 
individually. In 1879 the Charles S. Caft'rey Com- 
pany was organized, with a paid-in capital of 
sixty-three thousand dollars. An extensive busi- 
ness is done here and the trade extends throughout 
the United States and in Great Britain, France 
and Russia. The main building occupied is three 
stories high, and one hundred by one hundred and 
eight feet in dimensions. It was specially con- 
structed for this business after the former building 
was destroyed by fire, in 1877, and is supplied with 
all the conveniences for the manufacture of fine 
carriages of numerous styles. Facilities are af- 
forded at this factory for producing finished work 
to the value of three hundred thousand dollars 
annually. The company make fine carriages, 
top and no-top buggies, end-spring and side-bar 
buggies, two and three-spring i)haetons, jump-seat 
and side-bar rockaways, broughams, laundalettes, 
and make a specialty of the Cafi'rey track wagon 
and sulky, for which they control two patents. The 
officers of the company are: President, Charles S. 
Catfrey; Treasurer, Harry Stiles; Secretary, Ed- 
ward Nieland. The directors are Charles S. Caf- 
frey, Andrew Marshall, George K. CafTrey, John 
Stiles, J. H. ('atfrey and Harry Stiles. 

The Carriage Manufactory, Nos. 108 to 
lltj North Front Street, was established in 1827 
by Collings & Richardson. In 1829 the partner- 
ship was dissolved, and .Facob S. Collings leased a 
lot of ground on Federal Street, below Second 
Street, and built thereon a large frame carriage 
factory, which he conducted until 1845, when he 
[inrchased the lot at present location (and where 
he had first started business), one hundred and 
twenty feet front by one hundred and seventy feet 
in depth, on which he erected five brick buildings. 
The main factory is four stories high and fifty-six 
feet square, back buildings three stories high and 
forty by eighty feet, and the smith-shop twenty by 
one hundred feet, in all of which are the wood- 
work, smith-work, painting, trimming, finishing, 
etc., of fine family carriages. The salesioom was 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



533 



first established in Philadelphia, in 1859, and is 
now located in their large warehouse, No. (!25 
Arch Street. On April 25, 1862, Mr. CoUings was 
succeeded by his two sons, Thomas S. and Joseph 
Z. Collings, who conducted the business as Col- 
lings Brothers until 1877, when Thomas S. sold 
out his interest to Joseph Z. Collings, who is now 
the sole proprietor. 

William Hunt's Carriage Factory, located 
at Nos. 19 and 21 Market Street, was erected upon 
the site of a small one-story structure built as a 
carriage factory in 186(5 by the present proprietor 
William Hunt. The present factory is a three-story 
brick building, forty by ninety feet, and especially 
designed for the manufacture of light road car- 
riages, and as a specialty the construction of light 
road sleighs and cutters. The entire work, includ- 
ing the wood-work, painting, trimming, finishing 
and carriage-smithing, is all done on the premises. 
Twenty workmen are employed. The salesrooms 
are at No. 910 Arch Street, Philadelphia. The 
trade extends over a large tract of country. 

Elijah E. We.st'.s Carriage and Wagon 
Manufactory, No. 29 Haddon Avenue. — This 
establishment occupies the site of a large manufac- 
tory formerly operated by the Charles Cafl'rey 
Carriage Manufacturing Company, which was 
destroyed by fire. After it was rebuilt Hosea 
Madden first occupied and operated it. It was 
also leased to Young & Ireland, and later to Strat- 
ford, Dockerty & Sidesinger. In 1881 the present 
proprietor, with his son Thoma.s, leased the works, 
and conducted them under the name of E. E. 
West & Son. In 1884, by the withdrawal of the 
son from the firm, the busine.ss Was and has since 
been under the direction of Elijah E. West alone. 
A large carriage smith-shop is connected with the 
works, and seven workmen are employed in the 
construction of carriages, business and farm wagons 
of all descriptions. 

The Carriage and Wagon Works, and 
smith-shop, of Hamilton S. Davis are located at the 
northwest corner of Kaighn Avenue and Marion 
Street. In 1872 Mr. Davis bought this corner lot, 
si.xty by seventy-two feet in size, and built the 
shops the same year, and has since conducted the 
entire business. Light carriages are manufactured, 
but the principal trade is in milk, ice and heavy 
business wagons, as also farm wagons, carts, etc. 

The Carriage and Wagon Manufactory, 
Nos. 15 and 17 Market Street, was first started in 
1860 by William Butler. In 1865 he sold out the 
business and location to Braker & Rettberg, and 
in 1868 Braker sold out his interest to the present 
64 



proprietor, Jacob Rettberg. The manufactory has 
a frontage of twenty-eight feet by one hundred 
feet in depth. Business wagons of all descriptions 
are made and repaired. Ten to twelve workmen 
are employed. 

Silver-Platers. — The carriage factories gave 
employment to many silver-platers, some working 
for the manufacturers and others carrying on busi- 
ness for themselves, and giving employment to 
others. Gordon states that there was a gold and 
silver-plater here in 183J5, but the first establish- 
ment of which there is authentic record was that 
of (iibson & Morgan — Henry fTibson and John 
Morgan — the latter mayor in 1876-77. Their works, 
started in 1841, were over the wagon-sheds built 
by .lacob Ridgway, in 1832, at Second and Arch. 
Gibson left the firm, and in 1845 Morgan removed 
the factory to a stable, fitted up for the purpose, 
on the rear end of a lot on Fourth Street, above 
Market, afterwards erecting a large brick building 
on the line of Fourth Street, since converted into 
dwellings. 

Among his workmen were his brother, George 
Morgan, now in the business at 52 North Second ; 
Edward Fitzer, now in the same trade in Phila- 
delphia; George Welden, Charles Newmayer and 
others. The work was for volantes, used in Cuba, 
and the trade was exclusively with that island. 
As the corres|)ondence was in Spanish, Newmayer, 
who from journeyman became manager and then 
partner, learned the language, to avoid the need 
of an interpreter. The firm employed as many 
as thirty at one time, and the employes testify 
that there was never a murmur about wages, even 
the apprentices receiving full pay for overwork, 
and the payments were not only prompt, but made 
in the best currency. The Rebellion put a stop to 
the trade, and the firm, dividing a competency, 
dissolved. 

Edward Fitzer and George Morgan joined in 
business in the "fifties," with their establishment 
on Market Street, the site of Heibst's Hotel, but 
in a few years separated. 

Michael Seibenlistwas a well-known silver-])later 
as early as 1840, but the most of his work was for 
Camden harness and carriage-makers. 

The Morocco Manufactory on Broadway, 
below Kaighn Avenue, was first put in^o operation 
in 1884 by the present enterprising i)roprietor, 
Frederick Kitferly, who for seventeen years previ- 
ously had been engaged in the same business in 
Philadelphia. Eightacresof land are owned by Mr. 
Kitferly, on which he has erected a four-story brick 
building, one hundred and twenty-two by forty-si.x 



531 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



feet, with baseaient, and two ibur-story side-wings, 
each fifty-two by twenty feet, in which is a twenty 
horse-power engine for driving the machinery. In 
this establishment he manufactures morocco leath- 
er from goat-skins, which are imported from South 
America, Mexico, East Indies, Cape of Good Hope 
and the countries of Southern Europe. There are 
four large drying lofts, and various dyeing, tanning, 
finishing and storage-rooms. Four hundred dozen 
skins are tanned and finished weekly by a force of 
seventy-five workmen. The business is under the 
skillful and experienced management of the pro- 
prietor, Mr. Kiflerly. 

Frederick Kifferly, the proprietor of this enter- 
prise, was born in the kingdom of Wiirtemberg, 
Germany, September 9, 1835. After attending 
school for two years in his native country, in 1844 
he emigrated with his parents to America, and 
located in Philadelphia, in which city his father 
died one year after their arrival, and the son was 
thrown ui)on his own resources. Being by nature 
industrious, he engaged with his uncle at the 
butcher's trade one year, for the same length of 
time with a baker, and after the second marriage 
of his mother, to a baker, he became the employee 
of his stepfather during four successive years. At 
the age of sixteen he entered the morocco factory 
of Baker & Nevil, at Front and Poplar Streets, 
Philadelphia, remaining two years, and then, in 
1853, went to Wilmington, Del., and engaged with 
Hackett & Griftin, morocco manufacturers, until 
1851). The seven succeeding years he conducted a 
bakery on York Street, Philadelphia. In 1867 he 
embarked in the manufacture of morocco leather, 
as a partner in the firm of Turner & Co., on Second 
Street, below Beaver. They soon thereafter 
removed their factory to Front and Poplar Streets, 
and from thence, in 18(59, to "209 Willow Street. 
Three years later they purchased the morocco fac- 
tory at Dillwyn and Willow Streets. This part- 
nership continued until 1883. In the mean time 
Mr. Kiflerly had removed his residence to Camden, 
in 1881, and seeing the advantage to be gained l)y 
removing his business to Camden, he, in 1884, sold 
out his factory in Philadelphia, having already 
commenced the erection of the present establish- 
ment operated by him. 

Mr. Kifferly, in 1854, married Mary, daughter 
of Jacob and Eliza Martin, of Brandywine Hun- 
dred, Del., by whom he has four surviving children, 
vi7,. ; — Christopher E., George, Frederick and 
Harry. 

Shou Manpfacturers. — In the manufacture 
of shoes for the trade supplying the Middle and 
Southern States the city of Camden has acquiied 



a favorable reimtation. A large amount of money 
is invested, and nearly a thousand of the citizens 
of Camden have constant employment in this 
branch of industry. Some of the large establish- 
ments, with the appliances of steam-power as a 
motor, and with improved machinery, have facili- 
ties for producing from six hundred to three thou- 
sand pairs of shoes weekly. In some of the 
smaller establishments, known as " buckeye fac- 
tories," the work is performed by teams or double 
teams of workmen, the shoes passing from hand to 
hand as they leave the laster, and, at the end of 
the line, pass the inspection of the foreman com- 
plete in finish. The production is rapid, as only 
two or three kinds of goods are made and find 
ready sale to their customers. 

H. B. Anthony owns one of the largest shoe 
factories, at 521 South Seventh Street. Paul 
Anthony came from Germany to this country 
more than a century ago. He was a hatter 
and located at Rahway, N. J., for a short 
time, and then removed to Northumberland, 
Pa., where he resided until his death. By his 
marriage with Elizabeth Van Buskirk he had 
five children, — Johu, Phillip, Esther, Ann and 
Elizabeth, who married and settled in Northum- 
berland and assisted him in his manufacturing in- 
terests, excejiting John, who migrated to Louis- 
ville, Ky., and Phillip, who became a river pilot. 
Phillip was married to Sarah, daughter of Isaiah 
McCoy, of Cumberland, by whom he had seven 
children, — Sarah, Paul, William (who died in in- 
fancy), Thomas, George, Mary and Henry. 

(ieorge Anthony was born in Northumberland 
August IS, 18;!4, and lived there until 1840, when 
he went to Milton, Pa., to learn harness-making. 
After finishing his apprenticeship he removed to 
Camden, in 1854, and worked at his trade in Phil- 
adelphia until 1881. On December 27, 1847, he 
was married to Sarah, daughter of Diedrick and 
Catherine Fegenbush, of Philadelphia, by whom 
he has seven children, — Charles D., Harry B., 
Kate F., Paul (deceased), William E., Edwin T. 
and (xeorge E- 

Harry B. Anthony was born in Philadel|)hia 
September 27, 1849, and came to Camden with his 
father in 1854. He was educated in the public 
schools. At the age of thirteen he entered the 
National Iron Armor and Ship-Building Com- 
pany's works, of Camden, and continued thus em- 
ployed for two years, when he again went to 
school, until he took a position with the firm of 
Ednuind A. Souder & Co., of Philadelphia, who 
controlled the steamers on the Schuylkill, and 
which was afterward the Fairniount Steamljoat 





^^Aa^c/{ /^"^^^^^^ 




-^tS<f . ..^4^^^ 




THK CTTY OF CAMDEN. 



535 



Coiii|):iiiy. He rose iVdui the |>(>sitiiiii of ticket 
agent to that of .supei-inteiuleiit and treasurer of 
the company, was the first to introiluee propellers 
from the Falls to the Wissahiekon, remained with 
the company for twenty years and is still a di- 
rector. This occupied only the summer months, 
and during the winter he learned the trade of fur- 
niture finisher with E. D. Trymby it Co., of 
Philadelphia, where he was employed for ten 
years during the winter montiis. In 1872 he 
opened at n4(> Broadway a crockery store, and 
after building up a large business, transferred it to 
his father, in 1870, who still manages it. Mr. An- 
thony began the manufacture of shoes in a small 
way, building a factory on Kaighn Avenue, above 
Broadway, doing nothing but hand wcjrk. His 
business grew so rapidly as to demand increased 
facilities, and in 1S81 he purchased the building 
521 South Seventh Street, and placed in it a full 
line of the most improved machinery for the man- 
ufacture of misses' and children's machine-sewed 
shoes, where he is now making four thousand pairs 
of shoes a week, and em ploying one hundred hands, 
thus giving Camden a profitable and succe.ssful 
business and adding to her improvement and pros- 
l)erity. The property purchased by Mr. Anthony 
was si.xty by one hundred and ninety-three feet in 
area, and a brick building forty by fifty feet had 
already been erected upon it. Shortly after, through 
the increase of business, he was compelled to 
make important additions to the factory, — one 
addition of brick, thirty-five by forty feet, and a 
general improvement of the factory and purchase 
of additional and improved machinery. The fiu- 
lory is heated by steam throughout, with higii 
ceilings and ample arrangements for ventilation. 
The location is a most desirable one, being on the 
line of the West Jersey Railroad, afibrding good 
facilities for receiving coal, etc. The factory is 
supplied with two large boilers, one for lu'ating 
purposes, the other as a motive-power lor llie 
dillerent and varied machinery used in the inaiiu- 
facture of their products, with ample power lor all 
jiurposes. 

In addition to Mr. Anthony now employing one 
liiiMdre(l hands and making four thousand pairs of 
machine-sewed shoes per week, he is makingactive 
preparations to increase the capacity of this manu 
factory to seven thousand pairs per week, by an addi- 
tion of a fine line of hand-sewed turn shoes. The 
business, as conducted by Mr. ,\nthony, is of large 
proportions, extending west to the Pacific States, 
south to Texas and northwest to Minnesota. Mr. 
Anthony is a director in the Camden National 
Bank. In 1869 he was marrieil to Louisa, daugh- 



ter of Arthur G. an<l .lane Ashley, of England, 
who died in 1879, leaving one daughter, Laura S. 
On January 7, 1881, he was married to Lucretia, 
daughter of Evan and Ann Thomas, who were na- 
tives of Wales, but then residing near S<'ranton, 
Pa. They have one ihild, — Waiter V., born No- 
vember 1;'., 1881. 

P^ERRls" Shoe M.\NtiFAcrc>liV, at Broadway and 
Jackson Streets, is one of the most extensive of 
the business industries of South Camden. The 
manager of this enterprise, Isaac Ferris, Jr., pur- 
chased, in 1875, a lot of ground at Fillmore and 
Van Hook Streets, and erected a small store, in 
which he commenced the shoe business with three 
men and two girls employed. His sales to the 
wholesale trade increasing compelled him to fa- 
cilitate the manufacture. More ground was 
bought and a larger store was built. In 1881 he 
purchased land at Broadway and Jackson Streets, 
and built a nianufiictory forty by forty feet and 
two stories high, engaged extra hands, and en- 
gaged in the manufacture of all grades of ladies', 
misses' and children's shoes on a large scale. 
Agents were placed on the road ami orders re- 
ceived from many of the Southern and Western 
States, and, in 1882, an e.\tension of twenty feet 
was added to the building, which was fi)und too 
limited in space for rapid production. At the 
ju-esent time he has over seventy men, girls and 
boys on his pay-roll, and a ready market for his 
goods in Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Ohio, 
Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Indiana, Kentucky 
and California, his special States being Ohio and 
Pennsylvania. Four salesmen are constantly on 
the road to keep the trade supplied. The entire 
management is under the supervision of Isaac 
Ferris, Jr., the pro|jrietor. In the finishing de- 
partment forty hands are employ<^d, under the care 
of Jacob Ferris. Miss Dollie Ferris has charge of 
the fitting department, and VV'ashington Ferris of 
the stock department. 

F. P. DiETRTCK & Co., in 1881 , began the manu- 
facture of women's, misses,' children's and infants' 
shoes, and erected a three-story brick building, fifty 
by one hundred feet in dimensions for that purpose, 
on Jlarket Street, below Front, and fitted it up 
with new and improved machines adapted to the 
business. This firm has been succeeded by Wheat- 
ley Brothers. From one hundred to one hundred 
and twenty-five hands are cm|doyed, and the 
weekly product is twenty-five hundred |)airs of 
shoes. The trade is large, and extends through 
several of the Northern and Southern States. 

TheSh(ieMaxi!KA(Ti)UY ai'N().535 Che.stnlit 
Street. — Thomas H. Kelly conducts this manu- 



536 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



factory for the production of misses' and children's 
shoes. For twenty-four years he had heen con- 
nected with the business in other localities, and in 
1885 started this enterprise of which he is sole 
proprietor. Fourteen men and nine girls are 
constantly employed, and two hundred and six- 
teen pairs of shoes are- made daily ; the weekly 
production will average thirteen hundred pairs of 
finished shoes. The products are sold to the trade 
in the principal cities of the Middle and Southern 
States. 

William A. Butcher's Factory, at No. 
lS2o Broadway, was commenced in 1880 by the 
present proprietor, who, for three years pre- 
viously, carried on a factory on Kaighn Ave- 
nue, above Broadway. All the necessary and im- 
proved kinds of shoe machinery are used in the 
production of misses' and children's shoes of the 
different styles and grades. From twenty-five to 
thirty workmen are employed, and the product of 
their labor is sold to the wholesale and retail trade 
throughout the surrounding States. From six to 
eight hundred pairs of shoes are turned out weekly, 
and the amount of business done yearly is sixteen 
to eighteen thousand dollars. Mr. Butcher is 
now making preparations to build a large manu- 
factory on the site of the present one. 

Joseph WniTAKERowns a shoe factory at No^ 
529 Arch Street. The manufacture of ladies', misses' 
and children's fine shoes was begun in this estab- 
lishment in 1882 by Joseph Whitaker, Harley 
Shemeley and Henry Hartley. In 1883 Joseph 
Whitaker bought out the interest of his partnei-s 
and has become sole proprietor. The factory is 
arranged for the convenience of three single teams 
of workmen, with departments for cutting, lasting, 
and finishing, and with machines specially adapted 
to this line of work. Employment is furnished to 
sixteen men and eight girls. The manufactured 
goods are sold to the trade through Philadelphia 
houses. Nine hundred pairs of shoes are made 
weekly, and the necessary changes are being made 
to increase the production to one thousand pairs 
per week. 

The Shoe Factory at No. 1222 South Front 
Street was first conducted by McAdams & I'eak, 
who, as joint partners, started the manufacture of 
misses', children's and infants' shoes in 1880. In 
1 881 Frank McAdams succeeded to the ownership 
of the business, and still continues it at present 
location, his improved machinery enabling liimto 
manufacture nine hundred pairs of shoes a week. 
He employs fifteen workmen and twelve girls; the 
finished products are sold to the wholesale and 
retail trade in Pennsylvania and adjacent States. 



The factory at the corner of West and Clinton 
Streets was commenced in 1883 by Edward A.. 
Richardson, and furnished with the available im- 
provements in machinery requisite for the manu- 
facture of misses' and children's shoes. Fifteen 
hundred pairs of shoes are made weekly. The 
industry gives employment to forty persons. 
Orders are received for the products from all parts 
of the country. 

Charles S. Gran commenced the business of 
shoe manufacturing in 1877 at the corner of Sixth 
and Mount Vernon Streets. In 1878 he admitted 
Oliver S. Guthrie as a partner, and together they 
conducted the manufacture of misses' and children's 
shoes. In January, 1880, Oliver S. Guthrie with- 
drew from the firm, and Charles S. Gran became 
sole proprietor. Six hundred pairs of shoes are 
manufactured weekly, and eleven men employed. 
The products are sold to the local trade and to 
cities of adjacent States. 

For a number of years an establishment, south- 
west corner of Front Street and Kaighn Avenue, 
was conducted by Charles H. Dirmitt, who, in 
July, 1884, disposed of his interest, stock and 
machinery to W. S. Boltinghouse & Co. This 
firm at once began the manufacture of ladies', 
misses' and children's machine-sewed shoes. The 
production amounts to six hundred pairs of finished 
shoes weekly, and gives constant employment to 
fourteen workmen and eight girls. Their goods 
are sold to the retail trade in New Jersey and 
Pennsylvania. 

Oliver Guthrie has a factory at 513 Kaighn 
Avenue. Commenced in January, 1886, to make 
misses' and children's shoes. Employs eight 
workmen and five girls. Regular production, four 
hundred and thirty-two pairs of shoes weekly. 

Horace Hofflinger has a large workshop at No. 
112 Kaighn Avenue, commenced in 1884. Em- 
ploys ten workmen and six girls. Regular weekly 
production, three hundred and sixty pairs of .shoes, 
misses' and children's. 

William Small started a factory, in 1877, at No. 
424 Chestnut Street, for making misses' and chil- 
dren's shoes; at present seven workmen and five 
girls are employed. The weekly production is 
three hundred pairs of shoes. 

Samuel Cook, in 1875, commenced the small 
factory at No. 013 Mount Vernon Street, making 
infants' shoes only ; at the present time but five 
workmen employed, making one hundred and 
twenty-five to one hundred and fifty pairs of shoes 
weekly. 

Anderson Preservinu Company, northwest 
corner Front and Arch Streets. — This company 



.THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



537 



owns a large establi.shmeut occupying one Inindrcd 
and twenty feet on Front Street by two hniulred 
and sixty feet on Arch Street, and is located on the 
site of a carriage factory which w;is built in 1835. 
In 1880 Abraham Anderson bought the site, and 
in 1881 William G. Knowles was admitted as a 
partner. As the firm of Knowles & Anderson 
they began the erection of the present factory and 
placed in position the necessary machinery, 
engines, boilers, etc., for the canning of fruits, 
vegetables, preserves and jellies. In 1885 Wm. 
G. Knowles withdrew from the firm, and on June 
1st of that year the Anderson Preserving Company 
was incorporated, with Abraham Anderson as 
president, John S. Cox as secretary and treasurer 
and L. W. Goldy general manager. Under this 
management the same line of goods are produced 
in large quantities to meet the demand. Three 
large eighty horse-power boilers and two engines, 
one of twenty the other of live horse-power, are 
used in the different departments for canning, 
preserving and running the machinery. At present 
thirty hands are employed. During the canning 
season, which lasts from June to November, from 
three hundred to six hundred hands are employed. 

Joseph Campbell & Co. own a canning manu- 
factory at Nos. 39 and 41 North Second Street. 
For several years previous to 1876 the Anderson 
Canning Company, which was afterwards known 
as Anderson and Campbell, carried on the business 
of canning at this location. In 1876 Joseph 
Campbell bought the factory and continued the 
canning of fruits and vegetables and added the 
jelly and preserving business. In 1882 Josfpli 
Campbell, Arthur Dorrance, W.ilter S. Spackman, 
and Joseph S. Campbell formed a co-partnership 
under the name of Joseph Campbell & Company 
and fitted up the manufactory with new and im- 
proved appliances for conducting a more extensive 
business. A large brick building, fifty feet front 
on Second Street and extending in depth the en- 
tire square to Front Street, is occupied, in 
which are the different apartments for canning, 
preserving, storing, packing and shipping. The 
motive- power to drive the necessary machinery of 
these is derived from a fifty horse-power engine. 
Twenty-five hands are constantly employed and 
during the canning season employment is given to 
three hundred hands. 

The Camden Wall Paper Manitfactory 
at Coopers Point, with accompanying buildings 
cover an area of five acres or an entire square. 
For a number of years the Pen:: Harrow Manu- 
facturing Company had their works here. In 
1884 Francis T. Howell came into posse.ssion of the 



property and at once placed in position mills, 
presses, machinery and engines, necessary for the 
manufacture of wall paper. There are six build- 
ings used for the different departments. The mill 
proper is three hundred by one hundred feet, with 
an L extension one hundred by ninety feet. The 
machinery comprises one twelve-color printing 
press, two grounding-machines, mills, mixers, com- 
bined lathes, etc., which are run by two engines of 
one hundred and ten horse-power. The depart- 
ments are known as color-rooms, printing-rooms, 
stock-rooms and the shipping department. Twenty 
workmen are constantly employed. The manu- 
factured paper has very wide and extensive sale. 
The weekly production is twenty thousand pieces 
of wall paper. The proprietor is now making ar- 
rangements to increase the facilities of manufacture 
by the addition of new presses and other improved 
machines. The second floor of the main building 
at present through its entire length is used as a 
stock-room and contains a large and varied supply 
of the manufactured paper ready for shipment. 
The establishment is under the care of Robert A. 
Edens as general manager. He is also the artist 
in the coloring department. 

The Franklin Rag Carpet Company, No. 18 
Market Street. — This business was established 
by John Hunt in 1873, in St. John Street, for the 
manufacture of the finer grades of rag-carpet, in- 
cluding the Excelsior and Jersey Lily carpets. 
The factory was afterward located at Filth and 
Roydon Streets, then at No. 110 Federal Street, 
and in the year 1886 the looms and machinery 
were removed to the present location. The 
trade in these carpets is a large one, but is princi- 
pally local, being custom-work made for Camden 
and Burlington Counties, in New Jersey. Special 
orders are filled for customers in Pennsylvania, 
Delaware and Maryland. 

The American Dredging Company, incor- 
porated under the laws of the State of Pennsyl- 
vania, April 9, 1867, was the outcome from a co- 
partnership then existing between A. B. Cooley, 
Franklin B. Colton, John Somers and William 
Somers, trading as A. B. Cooley & Co., and also 
from a consolid.ation with the Delaware and 
Schuylkill Dredging Company. During the time 
of the co-partnership, about November, 1865, 
a large area of real estate was purchased, since 
which time a considerable amount more has been 
added, until now the company owns forty acres of 
land and wharf property, fronting on the River 
Delaware, extending between the Pennsylvania 
Railroad Company's property and Spruce Street, 
and which has been greatly improved by filling in 



538 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



that part of it wliich was low land, and converting 
stagnant pools, where chills and fever prevailed, 
into property which is now available for building 
purposes. Two large wharves have also been 
built, and a large machine shop and a blacksmith 
shop and other buildings have been erected on the 
property, fitted out with appliances so complete 
that now the comjjany has every facility for build- 
ing dredges, etc., and making such repairs to their 
own plant as may, from time to time, be needed. 

The company employ from seventy to one hun- 
dred men in and around the works, and from one 
hundred to one hundred and fifty men on the 
dredges, tugs and scows, according as their busi- 
ness is brisk or dull. 

The company started with a capital of two hun- 
dred thousand dollars, and, by certain legislation 
passed since, it has been authorized to increase its 
capital to one million dollars. The general office 
of the company is at 234 Walnut Street, Philadel- 
phia, and at the present time the officers are as 
follows: Isaac Albertson, president; Floyd H. 
White, treasurer and secretary. Directors, Isaac 
Albertson, Beauveau Borie, Samuel Castner, Jr., 
E. J. Heraty, Washington Jones, Jos. M. Naglee, 
Alexander Purves and James Simpson, of Phil- 
adelphia, and Henry E. Townc, of Stamford, 
Conn. 

Other manufactories which contributed to Cam- 
den's prosperity, and which in one sense belong to 
and are a part of the city, are treated of in the 
chapter upon Stockton township, in which district 
they are located. Among these are Schrack & Co.'s 
varnish-works, the Fairview Brick- Works, the Pea 
Shore Brick and Terra Cotta Works (owned by 
Augustus Reeve), R. H. Comey's dye-works, the 
Overbrook Mills, J. L. Cragin & Co.'s soap manu- 
factory, the United States Chemical Co.'s Works 
and the Atlantic Dye and Finishing Works. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

Tlio FoBt-Ollioo— Market-Houses— The Reiul Fumily— IiiBurance 
Coniimnios— The Gaslight Company— The .Street Hallway— The 
Telephone— Building and Building Associations — Drug Interests 
—Old Military Organizations— Uenietorios— The Tornado of 1878 
—The Cyclone of 1880— Hotels. 

Post-Office.— A post-office was established in 
Camden in 1803, and was called the Coopers 
Ferry Post-Office, and changed, in 1829, to the 
Camden Post-Office. It was first located at the 
foot of Cooper Street, where the Coopers had es- 
tablished a ferry ; hence the name. The first post- 



master was Benjamin B. Cooper, a cousin of Rich- 
ard M. Cooper. He removed to Delaware town- 
ship, where he planted extensive orchards and 
built a distillery. His successor, as postmaster, 
was Charles Cooper, appointed in 1806. Richard 
M. Cooper, after president of the State 
Bank of Camden, was appointed postmaster at the 
Coopers Ferry Post-Office in 1810, and held the 
office until 1829, when the name of the office was 
changed to Camden. Richard M. Cooper owned 
a store at the ferry, which for many years was in 
charge of Nathan Davis, who was the acting post- 
master, — not a very responsible position, if his 
statement be correct, that " a segar-box was amjjle 
to hold the mail of a day." 

Isaac Toy was appointed in 1829, under Presi- 
dent Jackson, and held the office for nine years. 
The office was in the bar-room of the hotel. Toy 
then kept the ferry-house at the foot of Federal 
Street. 

Isaac Bullock became postmaster in 1838, and, 
as he boarded at the hotel, the office remained 
there until 1840, when James Elwell was ap- 
pointed and kept the office in the Railroad Hotel, 
which he conducted, at the foot of Bridge Avenue. 
He was succeeded, in 1849, by Charles Bontemps, 
who, owning the building southeast corner of Sec- 
ond and Arch Streets, fitted it up in good style for 
the purpose, thus giving the people a post-office, 
for the first time, separate from other business pur- 
suits. Bontemps resigned in 1852, before the ex- 
piration of his term, and Jonathan Burr, a Demo- 
crat, was appointed by a Whig administration, and 
it came about in this way : When the Democrats 
elected Franklin Pierce, in 1852, Bontemps knew 
he had no chance of a reappointment, and pro- 
posed to Mr. Burr thai, if the latter would pay him 
fifty dollars for the fixtures, he would resign and 
use his influence to secure Burr's appointment to 
the place. The proposition was accepted, and 
Mr. Burr was made postmaster, but held the posi- 
tion four months only, for, soon after Jlr. Pierce 
was inaugurated, John Hanna was appointed and 
Mr. Burr had the fixtures on his hands. Mr. 
Hanna'ssons — Samuel and William Hanna — man- 
aged the office, which was removed to the old frame 
building adjoining Parson's Hotel on the north, 
and long used by Denny & Bender Jis a paint-shop. 
Hanna held the office eight years, and until 18t)l, 
when Samuel Andrews was appointed by Presi- 
dent Lincoln. He removed the office to No. 214 
Federal Street, one of the two-story bricks built 
by Isaac Cole in 1834. Andrews, dying in 181J3, 
w;is succeeded by Captain Richard II. Lee, who 
leased the Roberts building at the southeast cor- 



THE CITY OF CAMDEX. 



539 



ner of Tliird uiirl Federal Streets, where lie (itteil 
lip an offiee much in advance of any that had ])re- 
ceded it, afterwards removing to the northwest cor- 
ner of Third and Arch Streets, where it remained 
until July 1, 1875, when he moved into the build- 
ing now in use, built for the inirpoae by the late 
John S. Read. Captain Lee was removed by Presi- 
dent Johnson in October, 18(iti, and Colonel Tim- 
othy C. Moore appointed. The Senate, however, 
refused to confirm Colonel Moore, and, in March, 
1867, Captain Lee resumed the duties of the office, 
holding the position until 1879, when Henry B. 
Wilson was appointed. He served one term of 
four years and was succeeded, in 1883, by William 
T. Hailey, who, in 188o, was followed by Charles 
Janney, the i)resent incumbent. 

The following list of names, with the dates of 
appointment of postmasters since the time of the 
establishment of the office, was furnished by the 
Post Office Department at Washington : 

I'ost- Office at Coopers Ferrij, Gloiwfstir Co., X. ./. 

Benjamin B. Cooper, appointed January 1, l><it:; ;' 
Charles Cooper, appointed January 1, ISOC; 
Richard M. Cooper, appointed April IM, ISH'; 
(changed to Camden, June 22, 1829). 

Camden, N.J. (Idle Cnojiir^ Ferri/). 

Isaiah Toy, apjiointed June 22, 1829; Isaac Bul- 
lock, ajipninted May 24, 18.'58; James Elwell, ap- 
pointed .hily 2, 1840 ; Charles Bontemps, appointed 
April 21, 1849; Jonathan Burr, appointed Decem- 
ber 17, 18r)2 ; John Hanna, appointed April (i, 
1853 ; Samuel Andrews, appointed April 5, 18til; 
Richard H. Lee, appointed May 18, 18(57; Timothy 
('. Moore, ajipointed October 12, 18H(5; Richard 
H. Lee, appointed May 18. 18(i7 ; Henry H. Wilson, 
appointed February 22, 1879; William T. Bailey, 
appointed March 2, 1883; Charles Janney, ap- 
pointed April 23, 1885. 

Of the above, there are now living Jonathan 
Burr, for thirty years secretary of the (^amden 
Fire Insurance Company, from which he volun- 
tarily resigned a few years since ; Ricliard H. Lee, 
until recently in the Philadelphia Custom House; 
Timothy C. Moore, residing in Milwaukee; Henry 
B. Wilson, coa! dealer at Kaighns Point ; WilliMni 
'P. Bailey, in the real estate business in Camden ; 
and Charles Janney, present incumbent. 

William Abies, appointed in 1879, was the first 
assistant postmaster. He resigned in 1882 to ac- 
cept the position of post-office inspector, and Jesse 



iTlie date of tlie pstaWishmcnt of tbc offif 
ascertained ; therefore, the date of the 
lount nitli the United States Po8t-01«c 



lot bo definitely 
>nt of the ar. 



K. Mines was iippoinlcil in his place and served 
until 1885, when Frank L. \'iiil"ii, present incum- 
bent, was appointed. 

The first clerk, called for by the business of the 
office, Wiis Richardson Smith, in IStil, who, in 
18(i4, resigned to accept the position of mail agent, 
and was succeeded by .Ichu Evans, Charles Wat- 
son and, in 18(17, by Robert P. AfcCowan, who 
was retained until 1885, when William llaulile 
was appointed. 

The first regular letter-carrying was in 1852, 
when Samuel .lenkins delivered letters, receiving 
two cents a-s recompense. To increase his gains, he 
placed tin bo.xes at convenient locations for the re- 
ception of letters to be iiassed through the post- 
office. He was not the first carrier, however. As 
early iis 1840, when James Elwell kt|it llic office 
at the foot of Bridge Avenue, so far from where 
[leople lived. Lawyer Jeffers. U> save labor tind in- 
sure rapid receipt of mail matter, engaged .Mfrcd, 
son of the postmaster, to bring him his letters as 
soon as they arrived, and others following his exam- 
ple, the lad made a snug sum for pocket-money. 

In 18f)3 the free delivery system was established 
and abolished the year following, and again estab- 
lished in 1873. The number of carriers employed 
in successive years have been as ftdlows ; 1851, 
one; 18(51, two; 18(53, three; 1873, six; 1880, eight ; 
1883, nine; 1884, eleven; 188(5, thirteen. Their 
salary in 18(53 was six hundred dollars per year, 
and in 188(5 eight hundred dollars per year. In 
1863 there were two deliveries and two collections 
daily ; in 1886, in .some portions of the city, four, 
and, in all but remote points, three deliveries and 
three collections daily. 

For the year ending .Inly I, 1880, the carriers 
delivered 2,218,243 and collected 907,955 pieces of 
mail matter. The stile of stam|)S at the office ag- 
gregates in value $28,430; the r.-gistered letters 
received numbered 6377 ; sent, 4482. 

The following-named persons have been the 
letter-carriers: 

IS.VJ. Samuel .lenkins, lK7fi. Charles S. WilkiiiMin. 

Peter Bleyler. lK7li. (ieorge L. Simpson. 

Lxni. .lehu E. Smith. 1«»". Howard M. Komhlo. 

Robert Pattou. .loBse K.Mim-s. 

lSi;:i. Bon,iamiu M. Braker. ISRl. William S. I'ottit. 
ISIH. Charles Parker. .1. Ivolly Brown. 

ISli7. Howard Lee. .\lbnrt F. Mattocks. 

IsTll. .\fthnr SUnley. I»S2. Herman Rosade. 

William (i. Diirman. lSS;i. Charles Fowler. 

.loluiC. Clopper. .I.OBi-ar Ni.-lmals. 

Williams. Parr. 1.. K. Ih. I.a IToi.v. 

1S71. ThoMKUi M. K. [,e,.. Willmm C. .lohnson. 

Tho.sc serving the longest terms were Jehu E. 
Smith, 22 years ; Charles Parker, 21 years ; John C. 
Clopper, 13 years ; and Wm. (i. Dorman, 12 years. 



540 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Market-Houses. — There was never a curb- 
stone market in Camilen, — a market where the 
pnKliieer could back his wagon against the curl)- 
stone and sell direct to the consumer. The first 
conception of a market-place wa.s, probably, when 
Jacob Cooper laid out the town of Camden, in 
1773, and dedicated extra space for public use at 
the intersection of Third and Market Streets. 
James Kaighn dying in 1811, seized of the land 
lying between Kaighn Avenue and Line Street, 
his brother, Joseph Kaighn, owning the land 
south of Kaighn Avenue, having charge of the 
matter, in laying out Kaighnton, widened Kaighn 
Avenue, then called Market Street, to a width of 
one hundred and thirty feet between Second and 
Third Street that there might be room for market- 
sheds in the centre. His idea was not realized, 
and, in 1874, the City Council passed an ordinance 
making the street of a uniform width of sixty -six 
feet between the curbs. 

In the recorded proceedings of a town-meeting 
held in the City Hall, March 13, 1837, appears 
this minute : " On motion of Richard Fetters it 
was ordered that Council construct a market at the 
intersection of Third and Market, containing eight 
stalls, to be paid for out of the present funds of 
the City." From the treasurer's statement, made 
at that meeting, the fund on hand, after deduct- 
ing $42.48, due the Camden Bank, was $159.20, 
and this was the amount intended to be expended 
for the purpose. The next item found in the 
records, relating to the market, is in the proceed- 
ings of City Council, September 30, 1837, when 
"Richard Fetters, Robert W. Ogden and John W. 
Mickle were appointed a committee to build a 
market-house on Third Street south of Market 
Street, to be roofed with shingles.'' 

Three months later the enterprise seems to have 
been accomplished, and Camden's first market- 
house was ready for use December 28, 1837. At a 
meeting of Council, held at the house of William 
S. Paul, these bills were ordered paid : 

'* For iron pipe for posts 872.00 

Porterage 1.56 

Captain Mickle'sbill fov lumber lo5.!<7^ 

,Iame» r.alian'8 bill, work on market Vi.X^',4 

Achilles Betts' bill, work on market 2.25 " 

These amount to $245.12, and as nothing further 
appears concerning the matter, the presumption is 
that this was the total cost. This was Camden's 
first and only market-house until 185(5, when, 
March 28th, City Council passed an ordinance 
providing for the erection of a market-house on 
Third Street, between Arch and Federal Streets. 
This was done the same year, at a cost of one 



thousand eight hundred dollars, and the .structure 
was used for this purpose until 1876, when it was 
removed. In the mean time several schemes for 
building market-houses were projected. In 1855 
Richard Fetters, John Troth, Richard W. Howell, 
Samuel Andrews, Maurice Browning, William J. 
Hatch and Abraham S. Ackley procured a charter 
for the Camden Market Company, but failed to com- 
plete the organization, and in 1856 the Washington 
Market Company was incorporated, with John S. 
Read, Ralph Lee, James M. Cassady, Isaac W. 
Mickle, Lewis Seal, Matthew Miller, John Ross, 
John K. Cowperthwaite, Henry Fredericks, Joseph 
T. Rowand and William P. Tatem as the company. 
The design was to build a market-house on the 
west side of Third Street, between Arch and Fed- 
eral, the structure to be about one hundred feet 
square, but the erection of the market-sheds on 
Third Street, by the city, caused the company to 
abandon the project. In 1874 John S. Read, 
Jonathan Burr, William P. Tatem, Randal E. 
Morgan and Edmund E. Read were incorporated 
as the Farmers' Market Company, with a capital 
of one hundred thousand dollars, but the enter- 
prise failed to mature. 

The next attempt in this line, however, was more 
successful. Thos. A. Wilson, Rudolphus Bingham, 
Abraham Rapp, James W. Wroth and Charles 
Stockhara, as the Farmers' and Butchers' Market 
Company, in 1877, constructed a large building of 
brick, one hundred and fifty by one hundred and 
seventy feet on Bridge Avenue and West Street, 
extending to Mickle Street. It was intended for 
a wholesale and retail market, but did not prosper, 
for the reason that, with Philadelphia so near, the 
wholesale trade could not be gained, and the loca- 
tion was unsuited for retailing. It was used as a 
market-house for two years, when it was fitted up 
for theatrical purpo.ses, with a capacity for seat- 
ing a thousand persons, and was subsequently se- 
cured by the Sixth Regiment National (luards and 
fitted up as an armory. 

In 1878 .lohn S. Read and Wm. S. Scull built 
the Federal Street Market, on Federal Street above 
Fourth, on the site of the old City Hall, construct- 
ed in 1828. This is now the only building in the 
city used exclusively as a market-house. It is well 
adapted to the juirpose and the market is well pat- 
ronized. 

THE READ KAMILY. 

David Reaii, the ancestor of the Read family of 
Camden, was a son of Joseph Read, who died at his 
home in Greenwich, Gloucester County, N. J., Nov. 
12, 1755, and his remains were interred in the 
Presbyterian !)ury ing-ground in that town. He was 





^--<=^<r^^^ 



THE CITY OF CAMPEN. 



541 



born at Greenwich, and while yet a young man, at 
the outbreak of the Revolution enlisted in the 
army under General Washington and remained in 
the military service during the entire period of 
that war, participating in the campaigns of New 
Jersey, the battle of Brandywine, and during the 
last year of that struggle for independence was 
transferred with his regiment to the Army of the 
South, under General Lincoln, in order to impede 
the progress of the invading British, who had 
transferred the seat of war to the Southern States. 
At the close of the war, when David Kead and his 
comrades were discharged and paid oft' in Conti- 
nental money, three of them, of whom he was one, 
went to the wharf at Charleston, S. C, in order to 
secure passage on a sailing-vessel for Philadelphia. 
Their money being comparatively worthless on 
account of its depreciation in value, the captain of 
the vessel would take them only on consideration 
that they would pay the amount of passage money 
by working, which they accordingly agreed to do. 
Upon sailing around Cape Hatteras, well-known 
as a dangerous place to mariners, the vessel was 
foundered and every soul on board was drowned 
exce]it David Read and his two .soldier companions, 
who clung to a broken spar and after being forty- 
eight hours in that perilous jiositiou were eventu- 
ally drifted to the shore and landed on the coast 
amid the darkness of night. They were nearly 
exhausted for the want of food and drink. Seeing 
a light a distance from them along the shore, they 
began to wend their way thither in hopes of meet- 
ing some one who would assist them in their dis- 
tress. The feet of one of the comrades trod upon 
a bottle which, upon exanunation, was thought to 
be .Jamaica rum. The two companions drank of 
it to excess, against the protest of David Read, who 
feared dangerous results, on account of their being 
so long deprived of food. The draught proved 
fatal to them, and the war-scarred veterans for 
fifteen minutes struggled for their lives and then 
died near the stormy shores of Cape Hatteras. 
David Read continued onward, and the place 
toward which they were going proved to be a 
light-house. Upon arriving at it he was tenderly 
cared for by the occupants, and given food to 
revive his enfeebled condition. He then, in com- 
pany with others, returned and buried the remains 
of his unfortunate comrades at the place where 
they had taken the fatal draught. David Read 
soon thereafter returned to Charleston, where 
money was given him by some patriotic persons, 
and he set sail for Philadelphia. Upon arriving 
here he returned to Greenwich, where he married 
Rachel Peck, and the records of the Presbyterian 
65 



Church of (.Mcenwicb show that of the children 
of this union, David, .lames and ,loel were bap- 
tized there. Toward the latter part of the last 
century he moved with his i'amily to Camden 
when it was but a small village, and engaged in the 
pork business and sausage-making for the city 
trade. His place ot business was on Plum Street 
(now Arch), below Third, where he continued his 
occupation and died in 1^42, at the advanced age 
of eighty-four years, live months and sixteen days 
being probably the last representative in Camden 
County of the soldiers of the Revolutionary War. 
He ever delighted to narrate to his children and 
grandchildren the perilous scenes and incidents in 
which he was a participant during that historic 
period. His remains were interred in the Newton 
burying-ground. 

Joel Read, his third son, was born in ITXti. He 
was baptized at Greenwich, July 8, 1787, and at 
the oiiening of the second war with (Jreat Britain, 
in 1812, imbued with the patriotism of his father, 
and following his precedent, he joined a military 
company known as the Jersey Blues and during 
that war was stationed with his regiment at Bil- 
lingsport, along the Delaware River in (xloucester, 
opposite Fort Mifflin. In 1812 he married Mary 
Jones, a member of a prominent fanuly of the 
Society of Friends, and a descendant of the 
Thackaras, who were influential people in the 
early annals of New Jersey. By this union were 
born six children, — Charlotte, Joseph J., Rachel, 
William Thackara, John S. and Edmund E. 

Joel Read was a brush-maker by trade. He 
followed his occupation for a few years in Camden 
and then moved to Philadelphia, where he con- 
tinued in it with success. Later in life he re- 
turned to Camden and lived on Plum Street, but 
after the death of his wife he lived in Penu Street 
with his daughter Charlotte. 

JosurH J. Reap, the eldest son of Joel and Mary 
Read, was born in Camden, on Arch Street west 
of Second Street, March 24, 1815, and when eight 
years old moved with his parents to the district of 
Southwark, and immediately thereafter was em- 
ployed at Jaspsr Harding's printing-office in Phil- 
adelphia, at one dollar a week, continuing there 
two years. He was next hired at one and a half 
dollars |>er week with Thomas Watson to work in 
a biscuit and cracker bakery. The foreman 
treated him harshly and, unknown to his mother, 
he left his position with one week's wages, and with 
characteristic ingenuity invested it in buttons, tape, 
needles and pins, and before noon of that day had 
disposed of all his goods at a profit of fifty cents. 
With the two dollars of ca[)ital now at command he 



542 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



inveisted again in the al'ternoon and cleait'il in all 
one dollar and twenty-five cents the first day of his 
mercantile career. At the end of a week he cleared 
ten dollars. By the middle of the succeeding week 
his capit.al was increased to twenty dollars and 
with it he purchased gilt buttons and in one day 
disposed of them at a gain of fifty per cent., his 
amount of cash being then increased to thirty 
dollars. Two weeks having now exjiired since he 
left his employer in the bakery, his mother, 
who was a woman of noble bearing and excellent 
moral traits, asked for his wages. To her astonish- 
ment, he pulled out his thirty dollars in gold and 
silver and handed it to her. She, fearing he would 
get into bad company, look the money and secured 
for him a place on a farm in Burlington County, 
N. J. He again was under au employer who did 
not treat him well, and at the expiration of two 
years, of his own accord, he returned to his home in 
Philadelphia, and at his own expressed wish was 
secured a jiosition to go to sea at a salary of six 
dollars per month. One mouth's wages was paid 
in advance, half of which was given to his mother 
and with the other three dollars ho purchased 
manufactured tobacco and took it on board the 
vessel, which was bound for Cuba. He there 
traded his tobacco for a barrel of molasses, which 
failed to be placed on the manifest, and when the 
vessel returned to Philadelphia it of necessity went 
with the general cargo, and the ingenious young 
trader lost all of his available assets except the 
two months' wages which were given to his mother. 
His desire then to learn the trade of a coojier was 
gratified, and he was bound as an apprentice for 
the term of six years with a man who proved to 
be a hard master. On one occasion, when under 
the intiuence of liquor, he beat young Fiead so 
badly that he afterwards gave him fifty cents to go 
up to Independence Hall to see a new bell placed 
on it. This present was granted in order to in- 
duce the boy not to tell his mother of the ill-treat- 
meut. Joseph Read accepted the fifty cents, board- 
ed a sloop, ui)on which he worked his passage to 
Bordentown, walked from thence to New Bruns- 
wick, where he secured a passage on a sailing-ves- 
sel and arrived in New York with his fifty cents, 
but did not know any one in that city. He soon 
secured employment at the cooper's trade with a 
firm that discontinued business after he was with 
them two years and he finished his trade with 
another party in the same city. At the age of 
twenty-one yearn he returned to Philadelphia for 
one year and then went back to New York, where 
he became foreman of a large cooper-shop, serving 
for one year, when he went to Brooklyn and for 



three years was manager of a large oil manufac- 
tory. While there, in 1S.S7, he joined the First 
Baptist Church of that city, under the pastorateof 
Rev. Ilsley. In 1S40 he returned to Philadelphia, 
and with a cash account of two hundred dollars 
and one thousand dollars of borrowed money, em- 
barked in the coopering business on Penn Street, 
and the first year cleared five hundred dollars, but 
the next year lost all he had, including the bor- 
rowed money. He then lived over this cooper- 
shop for nine years. By business sagacity and 
characteristic energy he secured credit and soon 
made up the amount of the losses, returned the 
borrowed money, erected a fine dwelling-house in 
1851, costing ten thousand dollars, on Pine Street, 
lived in it ten years, until 1861, when he moved to 
Camden. In the mean time, while living in Phil- 
adel|)hia, he piniha.sed and owned all the prop- 
erty from Penn Street to Delaware Avenue and 
other [iroperty adjoining his cooper-shop on the 
north side. 

In 18t?I Mr. Read moved his family to Camden, 
his luitive place, continuing his business in Phila- 
delphia until 18114, when he retired. Meeting 
with some losses the next year, in order to retrieve 
them, he re-embarked in his former business at the 
same place in Philadelphia, and continued thus 
successfully engaged until 1867. He then perma- 
nently retired from the coopering business, which 
he had successfully carried on for a [leriod of 
thirty-one years. He has since been engaged as 
a liroker and general real estate agent and now 
owns a large amount of real estate in Philadel- 
phia, Camden and Atlantic City. He is an excel- 
lent judge of values and a careful aud judicious 
business man. 

Since 18.37 ]\Ir. Read has been a member of the 
Baptist Church aud is now connected with the 
First Baptist Church of Camden. He is a mem- 
ber of Integrity Lodge, A. Y. M., No. ]87, of 
Philadelphia, since 1846, and a member of Veteran 
Lodge of the same city. 

Mr. Read was married, in 1840, to Cecelia, daugh- 
ter of John R. Rue, a Frenchman, born in the town 
of Nancy. Mrs. Read, who died in 1 878, was a wo- 
man of noble Christian virtues, an earnest worker 
in the church and greatly devoted to the interests 
of charity, a good wife and a good mother. By this 
marriage were born seven children, — iMary, mar- 
ried Joseph L. Bush, of Newport, Rhode Island, 
where they now live; John R. Read, Esq., a law- 
yer of Philadelphia; Cecelia, married to Abraham 
C. Tallman, now deceased; Annie, married to Wil- 
liam B. Knowles, of Philadelphia, now deceased; 
Katie, married to Edwin B. Powell, of Brooklyn, 





wMy/0 /re an 



THE CITY OK CAMDEN. 



543 



N. v.; Kiiiily, uiic. ilii.l at the :i'j:e of two years ; 
anil .l(isc|ili !•'. r. licad, IHJW a real cslaU' liroker 
of ("ariiilcii. 

jMr. Ivcad was niariiod a .second time, in ISSl, 
to Elizabeth M. (Etris) Scliellengor, of Cauideu, 
widow of tlie late Captain Henry Schellenger. 

John S. Rkai), the third .son and fifth child of 
.loel and Mary Read, was born March II, lS:i2, in 
llie old district of Sonlhwark, l*liiladciiihia. At 
the age of fourteen years he became an apprentice 
of Charles F. Afanslield, in his wall-pa|)cr store, at 
L'T.'i Sonth Second Street, riiiladelpliia, and re- 
iuaine<l in that jjosition nnlil tlie ai;;e of I wenty- 
one years, dnrinj^ which time he was indnslrions, 
energetic and economical, traits wliich charactcr- 
izeil him throngh life. Soon alter altairuiig Ids 
majority he began business I'or himself on Second 
Street, Philadelphia, between South and liond)ard, 
where he continued in the wall-paper business 
several yeais, and then removed his store to the 
noi'thcast corner of Second and l.oinl)ard Streets. 
He remained there until liS4.'). About this time 
Camden received a new impetus to its growth, and 
Mr. Read removed to Camden, having previously 
a.ssociated with him in business his brotlier, Ivl- 
mund E. Read, as the lirm of Read & Brother, 
who for a time continiu^d their store in I'hiladel- 
phia, and erected buildings on Arch Street, Cam- 
den, though they conducted business mainly at :id 
and Federal. Here they al.so conducted an exten- 
sive and prosperous business until his death, and 
which is still continued by his brother Edmund. 

.John S. Read was called U]ion to fill a large 
nundier of positions of trust and responsibility. 
For twenty-five years he serve<l as director and 
treasurer of the (jamden Fire Insurance .Vssocia- 
ti<m ; was one of the directors of the First National 
Hank of Camden ; was one of (he projectors of 
the Camden Building and Loan AssociatioTi, the 
tirst in the city, and was subse<]Uently treasurer 
of several other building associations; at the 
lime of his death he was one of the commis- 
sioners of the Morris Plains InsaTie .\sylum of 
New Jersey, and a State director of the Camden 
and Amhoy Railroad (Jomjiany, airpointcd iiy Ihe 
Legislature. In 1870 he was elected a mcndicr of 
the City Council, and took an active pail in the 
ile!iberati(ms of thai body ; was re-elected in bST.'i 
ami made president of City Council. While a 
member of Council he was greatly instrumental 
in securing the purchase of the water-works by the 
city authorities, and also obtained the passage of 
an ordinance for the system of culverts now in use 
in Camden ; served for several years as a member 
of the Board of Education, and was chosen its 



l>rcsidenl. With his brother. Edmund K., he built 
Rcail's Hall, at the corner of Third and Federal 
Streets; with William S. Scull he built the Mar- 
ket House, on Federal Street; ami with Jonathan 
Burr, built the rcjw of slcjrcs and dwidliiigs on 
Federal .street, above Fifth. He also erected and 
owned tlie Camden post-oliice building. 

In |)olitics Mr. Read w.is originally an Old-Line 
Whig, ill the days of thai, party, and afterwards be- 
came an anient sup] )orter of the priiu'i pies of the Re- 
|)ublican party, taking an activ(^ interest in the 
administration of public alfairs. He was a mem- 
ber of (Jamden Lodge, N.I. ir,, A. F. and A.M., and 
R.iyal Arch ChapU'r, .\o. Itl, ol Philadelphia. 

With Ihc hope of recruiting his failing health, 
he went to Stroiulsburg, Monroe (iounly, Pennsyl- 
vania, and died there August 0, I.S82, at the age at' 
si.\ty years. His remains were interred in the 
Colestown ('emetery, in this e<iunly. He was 
highly honored and respected for his many virtues 
and recognized as a man of liiu' executive and 
administrative abilities. 

.Mr. Read w;us twice married. By his lirst mar- 
riage, with Margaret Mason, who ilied early in 
life, he ha<l two children: F.lizabcth .M. Read, 
married to .lohii Camplull, of Camden (they have 
two children,. lohn and Mamie); William t" R.-ad, 
married to Liirrclia Mct'ormick, and have one 
child, William. 

By his seitoml marriage, with Harriet Peak, of 
Camden, he had one chilil, Flclmund E. Read, .Ir. 
a member of the (Jamden County bar, who, on 
December 27, 1S82, was married to Margaret Mul- 
ford. They have one chihl, ,Iohn S. Read. 

I'liMTNl) Iv RnAi) was liorii in Southwark, now 
the consolidated part of I'hiladeliihia, April li), 
1824. He lirst attended a, public school, for many 
years taught by Mr. Watson, on Catharine Slrcct, 
Philadelphia, in a buililing which is still standing. 
He was next sent to a school taught by Mr. 
Crozer, on Third Street, below Cathariiu!. At the 
age of fourteen years he became a clerk in agro- 
eery store on the corner of Second and Christian 
Streets; but, after remaining there six months, was 
given a position (m the lfnit(}(l States Coast Sur- 
vey, und<'r ICngineer Warner, and was nine 
months located in the Slate of Coniie<-ticut. Re- 
turning Inmu^, he attended a school under Ihe 
instruction of .lames Crowell, in Phila<lelphia, six 
months, and began to learn the cooper trade 
in the same city, which he tiiushed under his elder 
brother, Joseph .1., with whom he remained five 
years. At the expiration of this time he went to 
the island of t!uba and was placed in charge of the 
cooperage establishment on a large sugar planta- 



544 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



tioii, and there, during four years' assiduous labor 
and strict economy, laid the foundation for his fu- 
ture prosi^erous business career. Upon returning 
home, at the time of the siclcness of his brother, John 
S. Read, he was induced to take charge of his 
paper -store, and soon thereafter became associated 
with him in business, under the firm-name of Read 
& Brother, on the corner of Second and Lom- 
bard Streets, Philadelphia. 

In 1855 Edmund E. Read removed to Camden, 
retaining his interest in the Philadelphia store, and, 
togetlier with his brotlier, opened a store on Arch 
Street, Camden, and later they built the large store 
building, on the corner of Third and Federal Streets 
known us Read's Hall, ami also the large store- 
building on the corner of Third and Arch Streets, 
occupied then and to this date by Dr. De LaCour as 
a drug-store. In the Federal Street store Mr. Read 
has done a large and prosperous business, and 
since his residence in Camden, has been identified 
with nearly every interest which has added to the 
material growth and prosperity of the city. His 
brother, with whom he was so long and success- 
fully associated in business, died in 1882, and the 
firm is now Read & Smith. 

The business success and executive ability of 
Mr. Read is shown from the number of responsible 
positions to which he has been chosen by various 
corporations and associations. He is now a direc- 
tor of the Camden and Atlantic Railroad, of the 
Marlton and Medford Railroad, of tlie First Na- 
tional Bank of Camden, of tlie Camden Fire In- 
surance Association and treasurer of the same, of 
the Sea View Hotel Company of Atlantic City, and 
of the Coopers Point and Philadelphia Ferry Co. 
He has served as a member of the City Council, 
a member of the County Board of Freeholders and 
State Prison director. Since the organization of 
building and loan associations in Camden he has 
been a director in a number of them, and, up to 
the present time, he is a member of Camden 
Lodge, No. 15, Free and accepted Masons, 
Sylome Chapter, No. 19, and Cyrene Commandery 
of Camden. He has been an active worker in the 
church, was a member of the building committee, 
and, for many years, a trustee, of the First Baptist 
Church of Camden, and later a trustee in the 
Trinity Baptist Church, of which he and his 
family are now members. 

Mr. Read was married, in August, 1844, to Anna 
Peak, daughter of Thomas and Abigail Peak, of 
Camden. They have four children, — Harriet P. 
Read, John S. Read, Jr. (who died an infant), 
Sallie L. Read (who is married to Harry L. Jones, 
of Camden, aud they have one child, Mary Read 



Jones), and Anna P. Read, the youngest daugh- 
ter. 

The Ca.mden Insurance Company was char- 
tered by the Legislature March 10, 18:52. The 
capital stock was fixed at fifty thousand dollars, 
with the privilege of increasing it to one hundred 
thousand dollars. The shares were twenty-five dol- 
lars each. The persons named in the charter who 
liecame tlie first directors of the company were 
Joseph W. Cooper, Robert W. Ogden, Richard 
Fetters, Thomas Lee, Jr., Nathan Davis, Morris 
Croxall, Isaiah Toy, John K. Cowperthwaite, Jo- 
seph Kaighu, Ebenezer Toole, Jeremiah H. Sloan, 
John W. Mickle and Isaac Smith. This company 
continued to exist for several years with varied 
success. The management of it eventually passed 
into new hands, and on March 2, 1849, Abraham 
Browning, Thomas H. Dudley and Isaiah Toy 
were, by an act of the Legislature, created trustees 
to settle the affairs of the company. 

The Camden Fire Insurance As.sociation 
was incorporated by an act of the State Legisla- 
ture approved March 12, 1841, as the " Camden 
Mutual Insurance Association." The incorpora- 
tors, who also, under the same act, were constituted 
the first directors of the company, were Gideon V. 
Stivers, Isaac Cole, Richard Fetters, Ebenezer 
Toole, Nathan Davis, Charles S. Garrett, Joab 
Scull, John Knisell, Edward Daugherty, Thomas 
Peak, Charles Bontemps, Richard Thomas and 
John K. Cowperthwaite. This company began 
business under the most favorable auspices, and 
ever since its origin, has prospered even beyond 
the expectation of its originators. Its plan of 
promptly paying losses gave it a prestige and pop- 
ularity which it has since continually maintained. 
The directors of tliis company in 18<i8 were Wil- 
liam P. Tateni, Jonathan Burr, Samuel H. Morton, 
Christoplier J. Mines, Ralph Lee, John S. Read, 
Henry B. Wilson, Charles Wilson, Josiah D. 
Rogers, James H. Stevens, Clayton Truax, Jesse 
E. Huston and Thomas A. Wilson. 

The association did business on the mutual plan 
until July 1, 187(», and afterwards on the stock 
plan. The amount of premiums received since or- 
ganization is $227,470; losses paid, $35,599; the 
amount of insurance in force now is $3,050,588; 
and the amount of losses paid during the past year, 
$1910..S4. Business is ilone principally in West 
and South Jersey. 

The officers from the organization to the present 
have been as follows : 

PnMeiils. 
Isaac Cole, 1841 to 1849. Richard Fetters, 1849 to 1853. 

Edward Daugherty, 1863 to 1809. WilUaui P. Tatom, 1859 to 1871. 
Henry B. Wilson, 1871 to date. 




<l_.£2_-<^2-<^''^ 




THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



545 



Vir.-I'teMLiil. 
1 linrr, Iss.i (o date ^.■reuled iu 188r.)- 



J. K. Cowpcltlnvuitc, 1841 to lsr.:l. .liJiiatbuTi Burr, lSf.:i tu 1S85. 
Hud. W. Birdsi'll, l«.f.^ t.i d.iti-. 

Tieusurers. 
Niitbaa DaviB, 1841 to 1853. Joliu S. Tieml, 180,1 to ISOl. 

C'baileB Piue, 18151 to 18G'2. J..lin S. l!.-nd, Isr.'J to IKS'J. 

Edmuud E. Head, 1882 to date. 

iyin-vt^yors. 
Gideon V. Stivers, 1841 to 1863. Josiah D. Rogers, WKi to 1861. 
Sarauel H. Mortoo, 1881 to 1870. Charles Wilsou, 1870 to 1872. 
CUris. J. Mines, 1872 to date. 

Directors. — Following is an alpliabetiial list 
of those who have served as directors : 






Thomas B. Atkinson. 
Adam Angel. 
Charles Bontemptj. 
William W. Bozortli 
Joseph C. Burroughs 
Jonathan Burr. 
Riiey Barrett. 
Benjamin M. Bralier, 
John Burr. 
Frank J, Burr. 
Rudolph W. Birdsell 
Isaac Cole. 
John K. Cowpert' 
Richard C. Cake. 
Daniel S. Carter. 
Henry Curts. 
Jacob S. CoUings. 
Benjamin S. Carter. 
John Carter. 
Samuel S. 8. Cowperth 
John Campbell, Jr. 
Nathan Davis. 
Edward Daugherty. 
Richard Fetters. 
Henry Frederi";ks. 
Charles S. Garrett. 
Philip J. Grey. 
George W. Gilbert. 
Benjamin A. Hamell. 
Jesse E. Huston. 
John Knisell. 
Ralph Lee. 



Isiiac S. Mullord. 
Samuel H. Mortuu. 
William B. Mulford. 
Cbristoplier J. Mines 
Jehu Osier. 
Thomas Peak. 
Walter Patton. 
Charles Pine. 
Caleb Roberts. 
John Ross, 
John S. Read. 
Josiah !►. Rogers. 
Edmund E. Read. 
Edm\iud E. Read, Jr. 
Gideon V. Stivers. 
Robert W. Smith . 
John Sands. 
Jacob W. Sharj). 
Jesse Smith. 
Daniel S. Schriuer. 
Joab Scull. 
William S. Scull. 
James H. Stevens. 
William P. Tateni. 
Richard Thomaa. 
Samuel Thompson. 
Clayton Truax. 
William Waunan. 
Richard J. Ward. 
Henry B. Wilsou. 
Charles Wilson. 
Tliomas A. Wilson. 



Camden Gas-Liuht Company. — Tlie works 
owned by this company, as originally laitl out and 
built, were small, little or no provision being made 
for expansion of business. The manufiicturing, 
jmriticatiou and storage tacilities have been en- 
tirely changed by the erection of a new retort- 
house, new purifying and scrubber-house, station 
meter-house, larger holder.s for storage, etc. Thir- 
ty-seveu miles of pipes for distribution have been 
laid, and, in a word, renewing and enlarging have 
been carried on until but a vestige of the old works 
remains. 

The present works, when completed, will have a 
capacity of two hundred million cubic feet an- 
nually. 

The city is now paying less than one dollar per 
thousand feet for lighting the streets, the consum- 
ers having a graduated scale of prices from $1..50 
to $1.70 per thousand cubic feet, with an average 
power of seventeen candles. 

Following are the names of the officers and 
directors of the company from 1868 to 188(): 

PKESIDENTS. 

1868-71. *Joseph W. Cooper. 1874-81. *Jes3e W. Starr. 

1871-74. *Wm. D. Cooper. 1881. Benjamin F. Archer. 

IIIRECTORS. 

18C..S-72. < Joseph W. Cooper, 'Jesse W. Starr, *Wm. D. Cooper, 
Wm. Stiles and Wistar Morris. 

1872-74. *Wm. D. Cooper, *Je88e W. Starr, Wm. Stile.s, Benj. F. 
Archer and *Char]es Wheeler. 

1874-76. *Wni. D. Cooper, *Jesse W. Starr, Benj. F. Archer and 
♦Charles Wheeler. 

1876-Sl. Jesse W. Starr, *CI]arle8 Wheeler, Henj. V. Archer, 
*Je3se Smith and Sarauel C. Cooper. 

1881-83. Benj. F. Archer, »Charles Wheeler, 'Jesse Smith, Sam- 
uel C. Cooper and *Simeon T. Ringel. 

1883-84. Beuj. F. Archer, *Charle8 Wheeler, Samuel C. Cooper, 
*Simeon T. Ringel and Charles Watson. 

1884-85. Benj. F. Archer, aamuel C. Cooper, 'Simeon T. Kiugel, 
(.'harles Watson and Wm. Helme. 

1886-86. Benj. F. Archer, Samuel C. Cooper, Charles Watson, 
Wm. Helme and Richard Fetters Smith. 



*Dei 



ised. 



The present officers are as follows : 



lSi;8-74. Wm. Stilei 



1874. (i'harles Walsou. 



Henry B, Wilson. 

Sen-eturi/. 

Jonathan Burr. 



1868-70. 0. W. Goodwin, W. H. McFadden and J, H. Beitler 
1879. Wm. Q. Hufty. 



Rudolph W. Birdsell. 

I'reatnrer. 

Edmund E. Bead. 



Christopher J. Mil 



William P. Tatem. 
Henry B. Wilsou, 
Christopher J. Mines. 
Edmund E. Read. 
Edmund E. Read, Jr. 
John Burr. 
William W. Bozortli. 



Frauk .1. Burr. 
Josiah I). Rogers. 
William S. Scull. 
Charles Wilson. 
George W. Gilbert, 
Jonathan Burr. 



The Street Railway. — Until 1850, when the 
population of Camden exceeded nine thousand, 
iniblic conveyances, to carry persons from one 
point to another at a fixed rate, were almost un- 
known, and there was little occasion for them. 
There were three centres of population, each near 
a ferry, to and from which nearly all travel was 
directed. The settlement of Coopers Hill, how- 
ever, midway between the middle and lower 
ferries, caused a demand for some method of 



546 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTi', NEW JERSEY. 



conveying passengers from the ferries, and liacks 
were ready, on the arrival of the boats, to 
take to their homes such as chose to avail 
themselves of the opportunity. The customary 
fare was twelve and a half cents, but beyond cer- 
tain arbitrary bounds the charge was twenty-five 
cents. James Elvvell put on a line of light onini 
buses, drawn by two horses. It was not until 1S71 ^ 
when the population of the city had reached tliirty 
thousand, that tlie Camden Horse Railroad Com- 
pany laid tracks and began to run cars. A cliarter 
was received in 186G, the incorporators being John 
Hood, A. B. Frazee, John R. Graham, John S. 
Read, Jesse Smith, Albert W. Markley, Isaac VV. 
Nicholson, James M. Scovel, William S. Scull, 
William Brice, Abraham W. Nash, Henry Fred- 
ericks and Charles Townsend. The company or- 
ganized by electing John R. Graham president, 
and John Hood secretary and treasurer. The 
other directors were A. B. Frazee, John S. Read 
and Charles Townsend. The capital stock of 
fifty thousand dolhirs was subscribed, but confi- 
dence in tlie success of tlie enterprise was want- 
ing, and many of the subscribers withdrew their 
stock. Jolm Hood persevered. In 1871 Col- 
onel Thomas McKeen entered the company and 
was made treasurer. He at once infused new lifg 
into the enterprise and subscribed liberally of hi 
means. The first tracks were laid from the Fed. 
eral Street Ferry to Fourth Street and Kaiglm 
Avenue, «(a Federal Street and Hfth, and the first 
cars were run November 23, 1S71. 

In 1872 the Market Street and North Second 
Street lines were constructed, connecting with llie 
West Jersey Ferry. The following year the South 
Second Street line, connecting the Federal Street 
Ferry with tlie Eiglith Ward, at Broadway and 
Emerald was built. In 1877 the company built 
another line from the Fedei-al Street Ferry, via 
Federal, Second and Stevens, Broadway and Clin-* 
ton and Sixth to Walnut, and extended their 
track to the Kaighns Point Ferry, giving a total of 
nine miles of track. 

In 1872 John R.Graham withdrew, and Thomas 
A. Wilson, entering the board, was made presi- 
dent. Thomas JVIcKeen acted as treasurer until 
his death, in 1883, when John Hood became 
treasurer and Wilbur F. Rose secretary. Mr. 
Hood has been superintendent since the time of 
organization. The company owns twenty-si.x cars, 
eighty-five horses, and gives employment to fifty- 
six persons, whose annual pay-roll amounts to 
$23,000. The cost of the road and its equipments 
was $120,273; the receipts for the past year were 
$52,296; and expenditures, $47,712. 



The ofticers for 188G are President, Thomas A. 
Wilson ; Secretary, Wilbur F. Rose ; Treasurer 
and Superintendent, John Hood; Auditors, Cal- 
vin S. Crowell, W. F. Rose ; Clerk, Thomas A. 
Wilson, Jr. Foreman, Charles Fisher. 

Citizens Coach Company. — On July 20, 1870, 
William S. Scull, Henry B. Wilson, George E. 
Wilson, Horace Hammell, Ebenezer Westcott 
and Robert S. Kaighn filed articles of incorpora- 
tion with the county clerk as the Citizens' Coach 
Conijiany, and established a line of coaches, run- 
ning from the Federal Street Ferry to the Kaighns 
Point Ferry, by way of Federal Street, Broadway 
and Kaighn Avenue. Other lines were established 
from Market Street Ferry to vai'ious points in the 
First and Second Wards, and along Stevens and 
Fourth Streets to Kaighn Avenue. These have 
been withdrawn, and the first-mentioned line only 
is running. 

The Telephone was introduced into Cam- 
den, in August, 1879, by Watson Depuy, president, 
J. J. Burleigh, secretary, treasurer and manager, 
and Heber C. Robinson, superintendent of the 
South Jersey Telegraph Company, the first ex- 
change telephone being placed for (ieorge R. 
Oanenhower, Bmadway and Kaighn Avenue, 
August loth of that year, and private lines were 
placed between the City Hall and Simeon Ringel's 
pharmacy. Second and Market; Martin Gold- 
smith's pharmacy, Second and Pine; and fire- 
engine house No. 2, at Fifth and Arch Streets. 
The First National and National State Banks, 
Camden Safe Deposit Company, Joseph Camj)- 
bell's canning-factory on Second Street and others 
followed. The ottice was with the Western Union 
Telegraph Company, on Third Street north of 
Federal. Citizens and business men, however, 
were slow in appreciating the great advantages of 
the telephone, and when the company had been 
merged into the Delaware and Atlantic Telegraph 
and Telephone Company, in 1882, and the man- 
agement placed in the hands of Charles A. .lanke, 
in May, 1883, the patrons numbered but filty-four. 
By energy the business was extended rapidly and 
success was assured. The exchange was removed 
to the building on the northeast corner of Second 
and Market Streets, where room was found for the 
increasing wants of the enterprise. Connection is 
now had with all prominent points within a radius 
ol' forty miles, and arrangements are being made 
to make the radius one hundred miles. The ex- 
change subscribers number two hundred and fifty, 
with eighteen private wires and fifteen public sta- 
tions. One hundred and fifty miles of wire inter- 
sect the city in all directions, and are being ex- 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



547 



tended as demanded, and, by them, instant means 
of communication are provided for physicians> 
public officials and business men, while the Fire 
Department has often found the telephone an in- 
valuable adjunct to the fire-alarm system. The 
Western Electric is the system in use. For the year 
188ti the officers and the Camden attnchex of the 
company are: Pre.sident, James Merrihew; Treas- 
urer, (ieorge S. Iredell ; Superintendent, William 
T. Westbrook; Secretary and Manager, Charles A. 
Janke; Ins|)ectors, A. B. Pepuy and Charles E. 
<)pdycke; Lineman, Warren Morgan; and fonr 
lady operators, whose calls number twelve hundred 
daily. The exchange is open day and night. 

BriLniS(i AND Bt'ilding Associations. — The 
remarkable growth of Camden is exhibited in sta- 
tistics given at the outstart of its history in this 
volume and it seems proper, before closing the last 
of the series of chapters devoted to the city, to 
give .some facts concerning the manner in which 
the fast-increasing population has been housed, 
and the men who have been foremost in perlorm- 
ing the work. It is to be regretted that full and 
accurate statistics of the building operations of the 
last twenty or thirty years are not attainable, but 
in their absence some indication of the constantly 
accelerating growth of the city and increase in the 
number of homes may be procured from the record 
of building permits. The tirst appears to have 
been issued on August ti, 185!t, and during the en- 
suing year, or up to August 22, ISiid, the number 
granted was sixty-nine. From this time (ju, for 
one decade, the number issued in each year (fmni 
August to August) was as follows: 

i«;im;i :t3 

isei-oi! T.^ 

I8i;2-(i:i vi:\ 

1863-64 IKl 

1864-6.'-) M.s 

186."i-66 '.M 

18G6-67 8.1 

1867-68 -i-M 

1868-69 (Ortober) 2,S.i 

Total for ton years IKsil 

The figures for the next decaile show a consider- 
able increase : 

1869 to May 24, 1871 (cBlirnalcl) 2X< 

1S71 (Mayiltli toDprpinl.er.'ilst) l.«6 

1.872 32.5 

l.?7:i Si9 

1874 :i62 

187.'. iDi; 

1876 3.52 

1877 :iBR 

1878 276 

1879 ;!in 

18S0 325 

Total for leu years 32.58 



Since 1880 the number of permits issued each 
year has been as follows : 

issi tM 

1882 189 

1883 263 

1884 :m 

1885 .372 

1886 (to Noveiiilier .5tli) 454 

Total for «ix years 2138 

Tlie t<ital numlier of building permits i.ssued 
during twenty-seven years has been six thousand 
five hundred aiul seveiily-siN, and the niimlicr for 
the decade which will cbise with Ihe year l.s'.to 
bids fair to equal or exceed that for the preceiling 
one. These figures, however, give an inadequate 
idea — but little more than a suggestion — of the 
remarkable activity of the city builders. Building 
permits are issued for the making of additions and 
alterations in many instances, and then again, one 
permit may grant authority for the construction of 
a dozen or a score of houses, and, in fact, there is 
one instance in which as many as twenty-seven 
dwellings were built underoneIicen.se. The num- 
ber of permits issued for the year ending Novem- 
ber 5, 18S(), was about five hundred, but a careful 
estinnUe made by a well-informed builder places 
the number of houses erected during that period 
at .seven hundred and fifty, and it is probablr that 
these figures exhibit about the same ralid which 
has prevtiiled between the number of permits and 
the number of buildings actually erected during 
the past fifteen or sixteen years. 

Nearly all of the building o])erations which have 
transformed Camden from a village into a city 
have been carried on by what may be called whole- 
sale systems or legitimately speculative enterprise. 
Builders erect whole blocks and in some instances 
several blocks of dwellings, and either sell outright 
to investors, who rent the houses separately, sell 
directly to those who intend making themselves 
homes, or rent to the same class. Not one house 
in a hundred is built at present by the man who 
contemplates becoming its occupant, and, indeed, 
unless one wishes an elaborate, permanent house, 
and is comparatively indifferent to exjiense, there 
is little incentive for individual enterprise, for the 
builders carrying on large operations, with their 
facilities for procuring stone, brick and lumber at 
wholesale prices, can erect houses at far less cost 
than the man who builds only one. 

A large proportion of the houses erected in the 
];ast few years have been bought or are rented by 
men doing business in the down-town and river- 
front portions of Philadelphia, who have found 
that they can live here more comfortably and eco- 
nomically than in the other city. Many of them 



548 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



buy on easy terras, and others rent at much lower 
rates than they could procure similar houses for 
in Philadelphia. The ordinary two-story Camden 
house is rented for about fifteen dollars per month, 
a good three-story house can be had for from 
twenty to thirty dollars and a house of the better 
class for from thirty to sixty dollars per month. 
Notwithstanding the rapidity with which houses 
have arisen in the past ten or fifteen years, there 
has been no glut in the market, all being taken as 
fast as they are completed. 

Building in Camden has been greatly stimulated 
by the policy of the managers of the estate 
of Richard M., Abigail and Esther Cooper. 
They have advanced money to various builders for 
the purpose of making improvements on their 
property, and within the [last ten years as many 
as seven or eight hundred houses have been erect- 
ed by their aid. These are, for the most part, 
dwellings of the medium size, and they are mostly 
located in the Second and Fourth Wards, between 
the Delaware and Sixth Street, and bounded 
north and south by Pearl and Penn Streets. 
Nearly ail have been sold. About eighty are now 
in process of construction, the money employed 
being loaned by the estate. 

Among the builders of Camden are several who 
have erected five or six hundred houses each. The 
heaviest operators are undoubtedly Cohn & Rob- 
erts, Wilson Ernst and George Holl. Fine examples 
of the work of the firm first named are to be seen on 
Front and Point Streets, between Cooper and 
Linden. Mr. E. N. Cohn commenced building in 
1866, erecting in that year twelve houses on Pearl 
Street. He then continued putting up blocks and 
separate structures, operating alone and in con- 
nection with Charles B., Richard and Asa R. 
Cox, and building not less than one hundred and 
fifty houses. He also erected the Pfiel & Cfaltz 
building, which was burned. In 1882 he formed 
a partnership with Joseph E. Roberts, who, indi- 
vidually, had built about two hundred houses, and 
as a firm they have since constructed at least four 
hundred and fifty dwellings, to which line of 
building they devote themselves exclusively. 

George Holl, who has been engaged in building 
for eighteen years, has erected from four to five 
hundred houses, principally in the central part of 
the city. They are nearly alt of what may be de- 
nominated the medium class, in size and preten- 
sions. His brother, Lewis T. Holl, has built many 
houses in the lower part of towu. 

Wilson Ernst has been actively engaged since 
1876, and about four hundred buildings, chiefly 
dwellings, attest his enterprise. 



Cox Brothers, individually and together, have 
built from five to six hundred houses, the greater 
proportion being small ones. 

Reuben S. Cross has been in Camden forty- 
two years and engaged in building for thirty-eight 
years, during which period he has erected many 
dwellings, one church, a school-house and several 
factories and mills. 

Randal E. Morgan, ex-sheritf, during the past 
fourteen years, has built over two hundred struc- 
tures, including dwellings, stores, etc., about one- 
half of them in connection with other parties and 
one-half as his individual enterprise. 

M. E. Harden has built over six hundred dwell- 
ings of different kinds and sizes, from the largest 
to the smallest, about fifty stores and offices, three 
sash and door mills, the Keystone Chemical 
Company's building, three churches, — the First 
Presbyterian, Third Baptist and Roman Catholic, 
at Broadway and Ferry Streets, — also the Stevens, 
Wickes, Mulford and Richard Fetters school 
buildings and the colored school building in the 
Eighth Ward. 

J. F. Dorman has built many houses, operating 
individually, and about thirty with J. M. 
Davis, under the firm-name of Dorman & Davis. 
Mr. Davis, individually, during a period of six 
years, has put up about one hundred buildings, 
six of which were large stores, thirteen factories, 
one ferry-house (at Kaighns Point) and two 
churches, while most of the remainder were com- 
modious and handsome dwellings. 

Among other extensive builders and contrac- 
tors are Robert Kaighn (who has operated 
principally in the Eighth Ward), William Mead 
(of whom a sketch is given), John Schause, Scud- 
der & Budd, Joseph Butcher, John C. Rogers, 
Thomas Howell, William Keen, C. C. Williams, 
W. B. Mulford, William Severns, John Stone, 
Reuben B. Cole, J. M. Bozarth, K. P. Torbert, 
James A. Coulter, .Josiah P. Beckett, William T. 
Fortiner, William V. Hoover, Isaac C. Hielman, 
James Jlaguire, David Luramis, S. H. Morton, 
E. Lippincott, Samuel Maiucs, T. M. Moore, A. J. 
llichards, D. C. Reyburn, W. B. Smith, W. H. 
Taylor, C. C. Williams, Aarou Ward, Thomas 
Jones and George E. Blensinger. 

Wii/LIAM T. Meai) is a descendant of Jeremiah 
Mead and his wife, Johannes Dungan, who emi- 
grated from England early in the seventeenth 
century, and settled at Horseneck, or Greenwich, 
Connecticut. Their sou Jeremiah, who lived in 
Ridgefield, wius married three times, his first wife 
being Martha, daughter of Samuel and Norah St. 
John, of Pimpewaug, and their marriage took 





V 




^^^c<j^ 



TIIK CITY OF CAMDEN. 



54!) 



|)lace February 17, 1770. His second wife was 
Rachel, daughter of Samuel and Mary Smith, by 
whom he had two children, — Uacliel and Patty ; 
and after the death of this wife, he was married, 
October G, 1784, to Betty W. Whitney, by whom 
he had nine children, — Lewis, Hepsey, Jeremiah, 
Matthew, Seth, Samuel, Betty, Harvey and Whit- 
ney. Most of the family remained in Connecticut, 
but Harvey, who was born in Ridgetield, Connec- 
ticut, April 11, 1790, moved when a young man to 
New York, where, on September 11, 1S21, lie was 
married to Rebecca Spenser, by whom he had six 
children, — Samuel Spenser, Seth Whitney, Har- 
vey, Amanda, Ann Elizabeth and Rebecca. His 
wife died on February 28, 1834. 

On March 2, 1836, Harvey was married, a second 
time, to Julia Ann Hofl'man, whose maiden-name 
wa.s Glassby ; she was born in Camden. By her he 
had six children, — William T., Harvey, Henry, 
Catherine M., Charles A. and Julia Ann. Mrs. 
Mead died December 4, 1853, and Mr. Mead, June 
20, 1864. 

William T. Mead was born in Bucks County, 
Pa., near Bristol, October 2, 1837, and came to 
Philadelphia with his father in 1840, thence to 
Camden in 1 84r>. At the early age of ten years he 
was placed for one season on a farm ; afterwards he 
learned brick-making with Peter Stetser, and at 
the age of fifteen was apprenticed to Thoniiis A. 
Wilson, to learn the trade of a carpenter and 
builder, and completed it under him. On 21st of 
March, 1859, he was married to Maria Norman, 
daughter of Joseph and Sarah Haywood Stetser, 
by whom he had seven children,— Joseph Stetser, 
\Villiam C, Alexander H. (deceased), Frank E., 
Carrie E., George L. and M. Edna. At the open- 
ing of the Civil War he enlisted in Company F, 
Fourth New Jersey Veteran Volunteer Infantry, 
August 15, 1861. He served in General Kearny's 
brigade, and participated in a number of engage- 
ments, but was taken prisoner, June 27, 1862, at 
the battle of Gaines' Mills, Va. He then endured 
the hardships of prison life at Libby and Belle Isle 
until exchanged, in August, 1862, when he was 
sent to a hospital in Pliiladelphia, and discharged 
therefrom, December 19, 1862, as "unfit for ser- 
vice on account of disability." 

In April, 1874, Mr. Mead began his successful 
career as builder in the city of Camden, where 
he has erected many private dwellings, school- 
houses and churches. 

In religion, Mr. Mead is a Methodist ; in politics, 
a Democrat. He has been a member of the City 
Council for six years, and also a member of the 
Board of Health, and noone has shown UKU'e zeal in 



the faithful discharge of liis duties. He is a mem- 
ber of the Order of American Mechanics, Knights 
of Pythias, of Masonic fraternity, and a comrade 
of Post No. 5. Grand Army of the Republic. 

In the occupation of builder he has constructed 
many buildings which have added largely to the 
improvement and attractive appearance of the 
city of Camden. 

Building, Loan and Savings As.sociation.s. 
— These associations of Camden have been impor- 
tant factors in promoting the growth of the city, 
and have assisted many worthy citizens to the 
ownership of homes or given them financial aid in 
transacting their business. The money.-: handled 
by them count into the millions of dollars. Being 
thus matters of public interest, a list of the prin- 
cipal institutions of this kind in Camden is here 
presented. 

Artisan, organized December 10,1873, meets the 
second Wednesday evening in every mouth at 
Wildey Hall. It has three hundred and twenty- 
six stockholders — one thousand shares, par value 
two hundred dollars ; price per share, one dollar. 
Henry F. Geiter, president; W. B. Mulford, treas- 
urer ; George E. Frye, secretary. This is the second 
association by this name in Camden, one having 
successfully wound up its affairs about thirty 
years ago, having been a single series association, 
of which .John I. Davis was secretary at the time 
of its winding up, which was done satisfactorily 
to all concerned. 

The Camdeii Building and Loan Association was 
organized July 25, 1867. Five hundred and 
forty stockholders have two thousand seven hun- 
dred shares ; price per share, one dollar; par value, 
two hundred dollars. Meets the fourth Monday 
in each month at Wildey Hall. Mark B. Wills, 
president ; Henry F. Geiter, secretary ; F. P. 
Mulford, treasurer. 

77te City, organized May 2, 1874, has two hun- 
dred and five members. It meets the third Saturday 
in each month at Read's Hall. Price per share, 
one dollar ; par value, two hundred dollars. James 
M. Cassady, president ; vice-president, Edmund 
E. Read, Jr. ; Volney G. Bennett, treasurer; E. 
K. Fortiner, secretary. 

Dudley Homestead and Buildiny Association was 
incorporated in March, 1886 — Jehu Evans, secre- 
tary, No. 311 Market Street ; Charles Bosch, presi- 
dent; George Leathwhite, vice-president; Harry 
D. Longacre, treasurer. This association is con- 
ducted upon a new scheme. Shares are sold and 
the lots drawn and houses built by the a>sociation 
for its members. No collateral security is required 
for building purposes. The total number of shares 



552 



II [STORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Henry S. Hiind & Son, Oscar B., at Schweinhagen's Hall, Newton 
Avenne, below Broadway, August 1-^., 1875 ; discoutiuued February 

25, I87(i. 

Wiufield S. Plank, eoutheast corner Tbird and Wasliiiigton Streets, 
November 16, 1876, followed by John F. West, March 17, 187G, and 
William A. Davis, M.D., January 11, 1877, and moved to northwest 
corner, opposite, March 18, 1880. 

Jerome A. Kldridge, northwest comer Third and Birch Streets, 
March 17, 1876, followed by Thomas A. Hazzard, June 17th, same 
year, and Samuel C. Burland, M.D., October Htb following, and on 
October 5, 1877, it was discontinued. 

Dillwyn P. Pancoast, M.D., branch store southwest corner Sixth 
and Koydon Streets, June 2, 1870; bought by John S. Whitwell, 
May 1, 1878 ; died May 1, 1882, and business carried on by his 
widow. 

Winfleld S. Plank, No. 421 Kaighn Avenue, July 18, 1876; 
moved to southwest corner Fifth and Chen-y Streets, September .30th, 
same year, and returned to first location October 9th ; moved again 
to northeast corner Broadway and Clinton Streets, February 19, 
1877 ; sold to H. Allen Eeed, M.D., 19th of Juno following, who 
moved stock and fixtures to the West, March 5, 1878. 

Richards. Justice, southeast corner Fifth and Elm Streets, August 
2.'), 1876. 

Richard F. Ireland, southeast corner Third and Chestnut Streets, 
February In, 1877 ; moved to No. 224 Main Street, on 15th June fol- 
lowing, thence to southwest corner Tbird and Yine Streets, April 
5. 1878 ; sold to James A. A. Armstrong, M.D., June 12, 1879, who, 
resold to R. F. Ireland, June 19, 1880 ; bought by John F. Casner 
April 18, 1881; succeeded by J, Griffith Howard and Frederick Tifft, 
February 20, 1882, the latter retiring from the firm April 1, 1885, 
Mr. Howard afterward selling to Renfrew G. Landis, April 4, 1886. 

Winfleld S. Plank, No. 601 Walnut Street, June 2, 1877 ; moved 
October 27th following to northwest corner Sixth and Walnut Sts.; 
sold to Henry B. Crane, April 18, 1878, who moved stock and fixtures 
to Elizabeth, N. J. 

Maximillian West, M.D., No. 213 South Fifth Street, October 3, 
1877 ; moved to Philadelphia August 12, 1878. 

Richard G. Stevenson, northwest corner Sixth and MarketStreets, 
April 0, 1878. 

Samuel W. Caldwell, northeast corner Broadway and Clinton 
Street, May 1, 1878 ; moved to Philadelphia, May 19, 1879. 

Henry 0. Cox, M.D., corner Central Avenue and Kossuth Street, 
May 23, 1879 ; died October 1. 1884 ; sold by the widow, October 16th 
following, to Elmer S. Westcott, M.D., followed by Henry B. Cox, 
March 19, 1885, and Charles W. Allbright, April 1,1886. 

Alonzo D. Nichols, northeast corner Third and Pine Streets, June 

26, 1879 ; died August 8, 1882 ; bought by William J . Stoner, August 
;lcith following ; succeeded by J. E. Griflenberg, March 1, 1883, Dow- 
ling Benjamin, M.D., August, 1883, who moved to southeast corner 
Third and Becket Streets, November 17, 1884. 

William H. Braddock, southeast corner Third and Elm Streets, 
April, 1880 ; moved to southeast corner Third and Birch Streets, 
January 20, 1886. 

George Miller, M.D., No. 213 South Fifth Street, from May to July, 
1880. 

William Shafer, M.D., northwest corner Fourth and Hamilton 
Streets, October 2, 1880. 

George W. Henry, M.D., northwest corner Eighth and Walnut 
Streets, November 27, 1880. 

N. Davis, southwest corner Broadway and Spruce Street, Novem- 
ber 16, 1882; moved to northwest corner, opposite, in 1885. 

Henry C. Archibald, M.D., corner Broadway and Washington 
Street, August, 1883 ; sold to James H. F. Milton, M.D., June 13, 
1884, who moved from Camden, February 9, 1886. 

Edwin U. Smiley, M.D., southeast corner Third and Washington 
Streets, March, 1884. 

Alex.ander G. Bennett, corner Haddon Avenue and Federal Street, 
November, 1884 ; bought by Levi B. Hirst, September 29, 1885. 

Philip W. Beale, M.D., southeast corner Ninth and Federal 
Streets, December 3, 1884. 

.lames IS. Wood, northeast corner Third and Pine Streets, January 
111. 1884; moved to 1126 Broadway, March 17, I88C. 



J. Howard Griffith opened a branch store northwest corner Front 
and Penn Streets, September 6, 1886, taking chai'ge in person after 
selling the store at Third and Vine Streets, April 5, 1886. 

Conrad S. Hoel, M.D., No. 204 Federal Street, October 22, 1885. 

William S. Deininger, northwest corner Sixth and Berkley Streets, 
July, 1886. 

ElCHARD W. Te.st, the son of Joseph D. and 
Ann D. Test, was born in Greenwich, Cumber- 
hind County, N. J., on the 2d of January, 1812. 
During early life he engaged in labor on the farm, 
and at a later date, preferring a business career, be- 
came familiar, by a thorough preparatory course, 
with that of a druggist. He established himself 
in Philadelphia, and in May, 18-18, removing to 
Camden, purchased the drug-store of Dr. John E. 
Presson, in October of the same year. From this 
store, which was located on the corner of f^econd 
Street and Bridge Avenue, he removed, in Febru- 
ary, 1853, to Federal Street, below Second Street, 
and in October. 1867, took po.ssession of the north- 
west corner of Second and Federal Streets, which 
stand his son, Alfred W., his successor, now occu- 
pies. Mr. Test was one of the earliest druggists in 
Camden, and enjoyed an enviable reputation as a 
business man. Aside from various building asso- 
ciations, in which he was both director and stock- 
holder, he rarely engaged in enterprises apart from 
the management of his store. A Whig, and later 
a Republican, in politics, he was not a politician, 
and never sought or held office. His religious 
associations were with the Society of Friends. Mr. 
Test was twice married — first, to Mary W. Lippin- 
cott, and second to her sister, Elizabeth, daughters 
of Isaac and Sarah Lippincott. Of his thirteen 
children, six survive. Mr. Test died June 28, 
1873. 

WiNFiELD S. Plank, who was prominentlj iden- 
tified with the drug business of Camden and other- 
wise connected with the history of the city, was 
born in 1848 in Chester County, Pa.; was educated 
in the schools of his neighborhood and the Phila- 
delphia College of Pharmacy, from which he grad- 
uated. In the year 1809 he married Ella, daughter 
of James and Margaret Dulf, of Philadelphia, and 
removed to Camden. In February, 1870, he opened 
a drug store at No. 340 Kaighn Avenue and be- 
tween that time and 1878 he established several 
different drug stores in the city, selling them when 
advantageous offers were made forthe locations and 
business. He also purchased a piece of land at 
the southwest corner of Broadway and Ferry Ave- 
nue Jupon which he erected the store and dwelling- 
house now occupied by Dr. Donges, dividing the 
remaining portion into building lots, upon which 
permanent improvements have since been made. 
Having attained considerable local prominonce. 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



553 



owing to the deoii interest evinced in tlie material 
improvement of Soutli Camden, Mr. Planlc, in 
1875, was elected upon tlie Repul)liean ticlvetto re- 
present the Eighth Ward in the City Council. After 
a residence of nearly ten years in the city of Cam- 
den, during which time he contributed greatly to 
the city's growth, he removed to Philadelphia in 
1879 and opened a drug store at the corner of Jasper 
and Huntington Streets, where he died August 23, 
1880, leaving a wife and one child, Chester, sur- 
viving him. 

Old Military Organizations. — One of the 
earliest military organizations of tliis vicinity was 
the Camden Blues. John Porter was capiain of the 
company; Benjamin Shreve was first lieutenant. 
Captain John Porter was a popular man and was 
constable for many years. He lived in the old 
brick house on the north side of Arch Street above 
Second. He died in 1825, and Wm. Newton be- 
came captain of the " Blues," and was succeeded 
by Captain Samuel Fisher. Under Porter the 
company mustered a full hundred men, but after 
his death its numbers decreased, and about 1838 
it disbanded. The uniform was blue jacket and 
pants, hats with white plumes tipped with red. 

The Woodbury Blues, at one time commanded 
by the late Judge Philip J. Grey, wore a similar 
uniform, the plume, however, being red tipped 
with white. Kichard W. Howell, Esq., was also 
captain of this company. 

The Union Blues, called the "Squankum" 
Blues, had their headquarters at Blackwood. 

For seventeen years Camden was without any 
military company, when, November 23, 1855, the 
Camden Light Artillery was organized with a 
muster-roll of forty men. The following was the 
roster of officers : 

Captiiin, Isaac W. Mickle ; First Lieutenaot, James W. H. Stiik- 
noy ; Second Lieutenant, Jesse E. Huston ; Tbird Lieutenant, Joseph 
J. Bender; First Sergeant, Epbrainl C. Ware; Second Sergeant, 
Kichard H. Lee ; Third Sergeant, John B. Cunniiigluuu ; Fourth 
Sergeant, Samuel H. Carles ; Quartermaster, James BI. Cassady ; 
First Corporal, Philip M. Armington ; Second Corporal, William W. 
Sliced ; Third Corporal, Reniingtou Ackle.y ; Fourth Corporal, James 
B. Shields. 

The secretary was Wm. J. Miller and the treas- 
urer Martin E. Harmstead. The armory was iu 
the Starr building, on Bridge Avenue below Second 
Street. The Light Artillery was a "crack" com- 
pany, their uniform being very showy, with 
" shakos " that gave them a formidable appearance. 
Captain Mickle had seen service in Mexico. 
Ephraim C. Ware succeeded in command of the 
company ; when the Civil War broke out thirty 
out of the thirty -six entered the service under their 
old commander. 



The Washington (irays were organized in 1S57 
through the eilbrts of Kichard H Lee, Samuel H. 
C;.rles, John K. Cunningham (of the artillery), 
John Y. Hoagland, Andrew Fenton and others. 
Their headquarters were in the Starr building. 
Theodore W. Baker was their first captain, fol- 
lowed by Wm. B. Hatch and E. Price Hunt, tlie 
latter commanding when the news from Fort 
Sumter and the call for troops reached them. Of 
the muster-roll of fifty, forty-six responded, and in 
two days Captain Hunt, with Lieutenants R. H. 
Lee, Theodore W. Zimmerman and Charles N. 
Pelouze, with over a hundred men, encamped at 
Trenton as Company F, Fourth Regiment. 

The Stockton Cadets, Captain Edmund G. Jack- 
son, and the Camden Zouaves, Captain John II. 
Cunningham, were both organized within a few 
months of the beginning of the war, but ihey 
were not behind the older c<jmpanies in responding 
to their country's call, and in less than a week 
these four companies were mustered in the Fourth 
Regiment — the Cadets as Company A, and the 
Zouaves as Company G. 

At the expiration of the three months' .service 
all entered the Sixth Regiment for three years and 
their deeds fill pages of the records of the war. 

CEMETERIES. 

The Cajipen Cemetery was founded in 18:'G 
by the " township of Camilen," and governed by 
trustees elected annually at its town-meetings. 
When originally laid out it contained only three 
acres adjoining Newton (Friends,) Cemetery, be- 
tween and near the junction of Mount Ephraim 
and Haddon Avenues. It was enlarged in 18(14 
and again in 1S()8, and a much greater addition 
made in 1876. The receiving vault is large ard 
the chapel presents a neat and comfortable appear- 
ance. The two fronts have beautiful and sub- 
stantial fences and gateways and the trees and 
shrubbery, as well as the avenues, show the greaj 
care and attention bestowed upon them. A por- 
tion of the ground is laid out into family burial- 
lots, and the remainder is for city purposes — that 
is, the burial of strangers and the poor. The city 
ground for the poor is separate and free of charges. 
There have been nine thousand four hundred and 
seventy -seven interments made in this cemetery. 

The board of trustees for the year 1886-87 are as 
follows : 

William C. Husted, president; Harris Graffen, treasurer; F. W. 
Armstrong, secretary ; Executive Committee, James H. Arming- 
ton, Christian Wentz, James .\yrea ; Auditors, U. V,'. Kerswell, .lolm 
Blovve, J. P. Varney ; Members, James H. Armington, Christian 
Wcutz, James Ayres, William C. Rusted, F. W. Armstrong, Harris 
GraBen, R. W. Kcrswoll, J. T. Varney, John Blowe ; Superintend- 
ent of Ceiuetery, Nathan A. Carter. 



554 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



The office of the company is at No. 6 South 
Third Street. 

Evergreen Cemetery is situated on a gently- 
sioping knoll brrdering on Mount Ephraim Ave- 
nue, and near Ferry Avenue, and on the main road 
from Camden to Haddonfield, and is beautifully 
laid out, with broad avenues, ornamental shrub- 
bery and inclosed on all sides in a substantial 
manner. The vaults are ample and a beautiful 
Gothic cliapel is located in the centre of the 
grounds and by the main drive. On the northeast, 
the grounds adjoin the Camden Cemetery and on 
the north extend to Spruce Street. 

The company was incorporated on February 20, 
1848, with Benjamin A. Hammell, William J. 
Hatch, Richard W. Howell, Joseph J. Hatch and 
Benjamin Browning as corporators. The charter 
limited them to the purchase of eighty-five acres 
of ground on the Jlount Ephraim road, in New- 
ton township, and thirty-two acres were purchased 
from the estate of Isaac Cooper. W. J. Hatch was 
the first president and held the position until his 
death, in 1856. He was succeeded by Charles 
Sloan and he by Cooper Browning, who died in 
1875, when Thomas A. Wilson was elected presi- 
dent. Benjamin Browning was elected as secretary, 
a position he held until his death, in 1861. He 
was succeeded by Mrs. Catherine Hatch, who re- 
signed in 1881 ; since that time William Stiles has 
been the secretary. B. A. Hammell was the first 
treasurer and continued as such until his death, in 
1873. Mrs. Hatch was then ni ade treasurer. 

Thomas W. Shinn was sexton superintendent for 
twenty-one years. At his death, in 1876, Joseph 
Jennings, the present superintendent, was ap- 
pointed to the position. The office of the company 
is at No. 414 Market Street. 

The Harleigh Cemetery Association was 
formed April 28, 1885, and soon afterwards pur- 
chased of John B. Wood and Lydia C, his wife, 
the land on Haddon Avenue near the city line, on 
which its cemetery is laid out. 

The name Harleigh was chosen because that was 
the name of the country-seat on the Schuylkill 
(now Laurel Hill Cemetery) of Isaac Cooper, who 
formerly owned this and most of the land on the 
east side of Haddon Avenue Irom Pine Street to 
the city line, and from whom it descended to Mrs. 
Wood and others. Harleigh is laid out on what is 
called the landscape lawn plan, — an entirely 
different one from that of any cemetery in or 
around either Camden or Philadelphia, — the new- 
est part of West Laurel Hill more closely resem- 
bling it than any other. The idea is a series of 
lawns always kej)! in order by the association. 



with interlacing drives and carefully grouped 
trees and shrubbery, giving it the appearance of a 
well-kept private park, rather than that of an old- 
fashioned burying-ground. For this purpose no 
fences or lot inclosures are allowed and no head 
or foot-stones over eight inches in height, although 
monuments are permitted. The present officers of 
the association are Howard M. Cooper, president ; 
Benjamin C. Reeve, vice-president; Watson De- 
puy, treasurer ; Harris Graffen, secretary ; John B. 
Wood, manager; Ralph Moore, superintendent. 

A Tornado.— October 23, 1878, a tornado vis- 
ited Camden and did much damage to property. 
It began to blow from the southeast about two 
o'clock in the morning and increased in violence 
until three o'clock, when it reached the climax, 
and it was during this hour that the principal 
damage was done. It affected all portions of the 
city alike, and from Newton Creek to Coopers 
Creek at daylight the streets were found to be 
blockaded with displaced roofs, debris from demol- 
ished walls and shattered and uprooted trees. 
Nearly two hundred houses were unroofed and 
many unfinished buildings were leveled. 

The Second Baptist Church, the Union Method- 
ist Episcopal Church and the Tabernacle Method- 
ist Episcopal Church were unroofed and a large 
stack at the Nickle works, on Coopers Creek, was 
blown down, crushing a house in its fall. Although 
the height was reached at three o'clock, the tor- 
nado swept with great force for several hours, and 
about six o'clock blew a train from the track of the 
Camden, Gloucester and Mount Ephraim Railroad 
as it was crossing the meadow below Atlantic Ave- 
nue, and injured Wm. Dorell, the superintendent, 
Conductor Wm. H. Fults and Charles Hallam, a 
passenger. Thos. A. Wilson, president of the 
Horse Railroad Company, was injured by a falling 
chimney, and a number of others received injuries, 
but not a life was lost. The peculiar action of the 
wind is shown by giving one out of many in- 
stances : The Union Methodist Episcopal Church, 
extending back to Newton Avenue, was unroofed, 
as were houses on Broadway, while a row of tall, 
frail frame houses between them did not lose a 
shingle. 

There was not much rain, but the strong wind 
blew the water into Delaware Bay and up the 
river, causing the tides to rise to an unprecedented 
height. The water reached Locust Street on 
Kaighn Avenue and Front Street on Market, sur- 
rounding the West Jersey H{jtel, so that boats 
were used to reach it, and the ferryboats ceased 
running because the people could not get to the 
slips. The river-bank below Kaighns Point was 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



555 



overflowed, flooding the meadow and so washing 
the Feiry road, Broadway and the AVest Jersey 
Railroad as to render them impassable, and pas- 
sengers by the railroad were transferred at Glouces- 
ter City and brought hither in boats. 

The Cyclone of 1885. — On the afternoon of 
August 3, 1885, a cyclone struck the city, uprooting 
trees, damaging or demolishing over six hundred 
houses, involving a loss of nearly a million dollars, 
wounding a number of persons and causing the 
death of four. It had been raining heavily, the 
storm coming from the eastward, and, crossing the 
river, met a storm coming from the west, and the 
struggle of the two for mastery caused the unusual 
atmospheric disturbance. The opposing forces first 
came in contact in the southern section of Phila- 
delphia, known as the "Neck," and uniting 
continued in a zigzag direction to the New 
Jersey side, and north through the eastern and 
northern portions of Camden, across the river to 
Richmond, its northern limits. It was not a tor- 
nado nor a whirlwind. Trees were not twisted ofl', 
nor were they prostrated in one direction. On 
opposite sides of the street, tree-tops in some 
places were towards each other, in other cases were 
away from each other, while the wall of one hou-e 
was pressed in, and the next one lorced out, as if 
two mighty wrestling Titans were struggling for 
the mastery, with their feet scuffling on the ground, 
sometimes pressing stones into the earth, and then 
scattering them in all directions ; so these two 
storm-clouds, coming from opposite directions and 
contending for the right-of-way, rose and fell and 
swayed to and fro, crushing or pushingaside what- 
ever occupied the location of the conflict. The 
east-born storm had passed over, but the west-born 
storm was the stronger of the two, and forcing its 
antagonist back, made the fight in this city. 

The total length of the battle-field did not exceed 
six miles, while its breadth ranged from one hun- 
dred to eight hundred feet. Beyond this scope all 
was peaceful. While the storm was playing havoc 
on Federal, at Second and Third, a car-load of pas- 
sengers at Fifth and Federal did not know of the 
storm until told. Its duration was brief, almost 
momentary. The southern ends of the storms came 
in contact at 3.25 p.m., and thepoiutsof contact ran 
rapidly all along the line. Careful observers said 
the northern point of collision was reached in from 
one to two minutes. Like two heavy planks in 
contact at one end allowed to come together by the 
force of gravity, forcing out the air and other 
material between them, so the two storms came to- 
gether in the "Neck," closed up rapidly along their 
length, squeezing the air from between their un- 



even edges, in all directions, and with uneven force 
and zigzag course. 

The cyclone began in ihe " Neck," where there 
was nothing to harm, and moving east nearly, 
crossed the river to Gloucester City, in its way 
striking the after-part of the ferry-boat " Peerless," 
on her way fromGloucester Point to Philadelphia, 
carrying away the pilot-house and a team of horses, 
otherwise doing no damage. The course then led 
northwest to the Pennsylvania Salt- Works, which 
were partially demolished. Turning east of north, 
towards Camden, it recrossed the river, striking 
the Salem steamboat " JIajor Reybold," sweeping 
away her upper works, and with them several per- 
sons, including the pilot, named Townsend, who 
was the only one lost, although the upper part of 
the boat was a total wreck. 

Crossing the river, it reached Kaighns Point, 
and, passing over the large machine and boiler 
shops of Dialogue's ship-yard, fell upon the 
work-shop, a hundred feet away, and crushed it to 
the ground, leaving the debris where it fell. 
Rising, and moving north, the cyclone did no 
harm to ferry-house, mills and many dwellings, 
but passed on to the premises of the American 
Dredging Company, a half-mile away, except to 
drop a foot upon a large spar-shed, above Kaighn 
Avenue, and push it over, burying, without 
hurting, several men. 

Reaching the dredging works composed of seve- 
ral buildings, it fell upon the machine-shop, which 
it leveled. Among those in the building, who, 
seeing the cyclone coming, ran out, were George 
Daisy, Harry Stevens and Benjamin Smith. The 
two former were found at a distance, the first dead, 
the second with a leg cru.-hed off by a piece of 
timber. The last-named threw himself upon the 
ground, and rolled and tossed for some distance, 
but escaped with bruises. 

John H. Dialogue, of the Delaware River Iron 
Ship-Building Works, at Kaighns Point, thus de- 
scribed the phenomena : 

"I was in my office at 3.25 p.m., when my son 
called my attention to the barometer, which sud- 
denly fell from 30/„ to 29 . This portended mis- 
chief, and, looking towards the southwest, I saw and 
heard the storm passing over the Pennsylvania 
Salt Works, tossing the buildings like chaff. Then 
it struck the steamer ' Major Reybold,' which was 
nearly abreast of my place, and portions of her 
u[)per works were whirled four hundred feet in the 
air. A loud roaring preceded the storm, which 
resembled a dense mass of rolling black smoke, 
traveling within ten feet of the water. It crossed 
the river, cru^hed one of my buildings, and, pass- 



556 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSKY. 



ing uortli, struck the machine-shop of the dreriging 
company, crushing it and passing on. A singular 
phenomenon was noticed, not alone by nie, but by 
all my men : a large ball of fire, fully ten I'eet in 
diameter, accompanied the storm-cloud. It moved 
with great rapidity, and exploded two hundred 
and fifty yards north of me, with a report so ter- 
rific as to shake the foundation of the building in 
which I stood. The sky to the east was unusually 
bright, with a rainbow appearance, and was one of 
the most remarkable sights I ever witnessed. The 
storm moved north, not straight, but in a zigzag 
course, not horizontal, but undulating, up and 
down, now sweeping the ground, and then passing 
over houses and tree-top-i." 

Hotels. — The West Jersey Hotel was built by 
the West Jersey Ferry Comjjany in 1849, and 
was leased to Israel English until 18<)6. James 
Bodine then became the proprietor and remained 
such for three years, or until 1869, and since that 
time it has been conducted by Mr. Kirbride, 
George Campbell, George Cake, James Titus and 
Captain John Mount. In 1883, it was leased to 
Stephen Parsons, the present proprietor. When 
built it was close by the bank of the river, the 
ferry slips being upon the opposite side of Dela- 
ware Avenue. At the slips nearest Market Street 
the steamboats " Billy Peun " (as then called) and 
" Southwark " made connections with Philadelphia 
by way of Callowhill Street wharf, and at the ad- 
joining slips the " Mariner " and " Merchant " 
steamers made regular trips, from Market Street, to 
Philadelphia. The main slip has been extended 
from the hotel into the river five hundred feet, and 
the wharves nine hundred feet. 

Stephen Paesons is descended from English 
ancestors, his grandfather, Stephen Parsons, a na- 
tive of England, being the first member of the fam- 
ily to emigrate to America. Tlie children oftiie 
latter are Stephen, William, Joseph, Thomas, 
Kebecca (Mrs. Reeves Metcalf) and Ellen (Mrs. 
James Anderson). Thomas, of this number, was 
Ijorn iu 1797, in Reading, Pa., and spent his life 
principally in Burlington, Atlantic and Cumber- 
land Counties, N. J., where he was for many years 
a manufacturer of iron. In politics he was fii'st 
an Old-Line Whig, later a Republican, and filled 
the offices of lay judge of Atlantic County and 
justice of the peace. Mr. Parsons married a Miss 
Champion, of Gloucester (now Atlantic) County, 
N. J., whose children are Harriet (Mrs. Elmer 
Smith), Joseph and one who died in infancy. All 
are now deceased. He married, a second time, 
Hannah Taylor, of ]5urlington County, N. J., to 
whom were born children, — Stephen, Martha (Mrs. 



Jeremiah Zane), Elizabeth Ann (Mrs. Richard 
Vannaman). Ellen (Mrs. Godfrey Hancock), Mary 
(Mrs. Daniel Erdman), John T. (who was lost on 
the steamer " New Jersey," plying between Phila- 
delphia and Camden), Thomas (deceased), Rebecca 
(Mrs. Eli Braddock), Arabella, James A., Sarah 
(Mrs. Benjamin T. Bright) and Henry C. (de- 
ceased). Stephen Parsons, the eldest of the chil- 
dren, was born on the 24th of June, 1821, in Bur- 
lington County, N. J., and removed in infancy to 
Cumberland County, where his early youth was 
chiefly spent. Later, becoming a resident of Glou- 
cester County, he received his education at private 
scliools, frequently being obliged to walk a long 
distance for that purpose. Mr. Parsons for many 
years assisted his father in lumbering and farming, 
but, desiring a wider and more independent field 
than was thus opened to him, he, in 1844, removed 
to Camden and embarked in the business of hotel- 
keeping with Richard C. Cake. Here he remained 
ten years, ultimately becoming sole proprietor of 
the house known as Parsons' Hotel. This hotel 
was built in 1764, and was devoted to the uses of a 
public-house until 1882, when it was demolished. 
Mr. Parsons then sought another field, and became 
the popular landlord of the Fulton House, at At- 
lantic City. In 1884 he leased the West Jersey 
Hotel, Camden, which is at present under his suc- 
cessful management. 

Mr. Parsons was, in 1848, married to Sarah, 
daagliter of Nathaniel Steelman, of Atlantic 
County, who died in August, 1849. He was a 
second time married, October 31, 1863, to Mrs. 
Emma A. Rice, daughter of Sylvester Senseman, 
of Philadelphia. The larger part of Mr. Parsons' 
life has been devoted to the duties of a landlord, 
though other interests have also engaged his atten- 
tion. A Republican in politics, he has never par- 
ticipated iu the strife for office, nor been the recip- 
ient of political honors. He is a member of the 
Independent Order of Odd Fellows and connected 
with Senatus Lodge, No. 76, of that order. 

The South Ferry Hotel, located at the southeast 
corner of Kaighn Avenue and Front Street, has 
been known to the citizens of Camden as a hotel, 
and its gardens as a place of resort, for more than 
a century. Originally it was a farm-house, built by 
one of the Kaighn family ; the exact date when it 
was converted into a hotel is unknown, but the 
names of the landlords are familiar to the old resi- 
dents, and include Adon Wills, Ebenezer Toole 
Captain George Bender, Hewlings Haines, Aaron 
Ilillman, William Bryant, John Kiusell, Daniel 
W. Beckley, Abraham Smith, Sothron Norcross, 
cx-Sherilf Leeds, Daniel Wells, William Sands, 






^:iL^i^o ^^^^^ 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



557 



Theodore Grug and the present pni|>rietor, .lolui 
Korn. 

When first opened as a hotel it was close by the 
river-bank, and the ferry-boats, when started, had 
their slip just across the street. The hotel is now 
nearly two squares away from the Kaighus Point 
Ferry, the intervening ground having been filled 
in and built up to within a short distance of the 
ferry slip. It, however, still retains its name of 
South Ferry Hotel. A century ago it was a fa- 
mous place of resort in the summer days for citi- 
zens of Philadelphia. 

The Avenue Hotel, northeast corner of Fifth 
Street and Bridge Avenue, was opened in 18f<3 by 
the present proprietor, August C. Miller, who 
made additions and alterations to the original pre- 
mises, making the entire area for hotel purposes 
thirty-six by eighty-five feet. The hotel has an 
excellent location on the line of the West Jersey 
Railroad and near tlie city buildings. 

The Ferry Hotel, at the foot ot Kaighn Avenue 
and near the Ferry House, was built in 1864 liy 
Dorman & Stout, the contractors for the owner 
.[ohn E. Reese. Hugh Miller was the first pro- 
]irielor and kept it until 186.S, when it was leased 
to John Bamford, who has since conducted it. 

The City Hotel, No. 112 Market Street, was 
built in 1S()4 for a large clothing house by a Mr. 
Holmes. In ISiiB it was leased to the present pro- 
prietor, Lewis Herbst, who remodeled it and built 
a two-story brick addition at the rear, making the 
front twenty-five feet by one hundred feet deep. 

George Campbell was the son of John CIam)i- 
bell, a member of the Society of Friends and a na- 
tive of Camden County, where he was born on the 
12th of May, 1799, and died July 11, 1882. j\lr. 
('ampbell resided during his life-time in the county 
of his birth, where he was chiefly engaged in labor 
pertaining to the career of an agriculturist. He 
married Mary, daughter of Cxeorge Horn, of the 
same county, who was born October 31, 1803, and 
died August 24, 1883. Their children are AEary 
Jane, Anna, George, John, Jr., and Charles, who 
died in youth. George, of this number, was born 
on his father's farm on the 29th of December, 
1838, and received his early education at the dis- 
trict school near his home, after which he pursued 
Ids studies in Camden. Leaving the farm at the 
age of eighteen, he removed to Camden and en- 
gaged in the coal business. A few years after he 
formed a copartnership with his brother John, and 
emiiarkcd in the livery business, to which was 



snbseciuently added extensive contracts for street- 
paving. Continuing thus employed until 1876, he 
in that year sidd his interest to his brother, and 
later became landlord of the West Jersey Hotel, 
in Camden, which he managed successfully for 
three years. Mr. Cami>bell, in 1883, repurchased 
the livery business, and continued its management 
until his death. He was, on the 6th of .July, 
1865, married to Louisa, daughter of Samuel H. 
Warwick, of Camden. Their children are two 
sons,— Harry W., in his twenty-first year, and 
(ieorge Percy, aged fifteen. Jlr. Campbell was in 
politics an active Republican, and, while a zealous 
worker for the success of his party, invariably de- 
clined all proffers of olliee. Endowed with keen 
perceptions and a nuiture judgment, his business 
ventures were usually successful, while his kindly 
nature and genial bearing won for him many 
friends. Mr. Campbell was an earnest supporter 
of the Union cause tluring the late war, and 
raised a company which oidy the most importu- 
nate entreaties on the part of his parents prevented 
his leading to the field. His means and influ- 
ence were ever at the service of the government. 
The death of George Campbell occurred on tbe'ith 
of September, 18,S6. 

John C,\MrBELL. .In., was born October 26, 
1840, on his father's farm in Newton township, 
which he now owns. He attended school near by 
his home until his parents removed to Camden, 
when he became a pupil in the school kept by a IMr. 
Wells, at Fourth and Market Streets. .Vfterward 
lie had charge of his father's farms for two years, 
and later was associated with his brother George 
in the coal business, and with his brother in the 
livery business, Market and Delaware Avenue. His 
brother beconnng the proprietor of the West Jer- 
sey Hotel, Mr. Campbell continued the livery 
business alone, and also took contracts for paving 
streets. He was in the paving business about 
eight years. He sold his livery to his brother 
(teorge, and since that time has been in the real 
estate business. He is a Republican politically, 
and has been a uiend)er of the Council since 1881, 
serving at this time his second term. He is chair- 
man of the Committee of Highways and chairnuin 
of the Building t'ommissiou. He was married, 
October 16, 1870, to Elizabeth Mason Reade, 
daughter of John S. and Margaret Mason Keade, 
of Camden. He has two children, — John Reade 
and Marv Anna. 



558 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



CHAPTIOR IX. 

SECRET AND liEXEVOLENT SOCIETIES. 

Free Masonry— The IiidciK'ijdeut Onler uf Orl.l Fellows— Knightsof 
Pythias— Iiiipioved Order of Ued Jlen— Knights of the Golden 
Kagle— Ancient Order of United Workmen— Brollierliood of the 
Union — Order of Tnited American Meclianies — Inde]>endejit OriU-r 
of MechanicB — Miscellaneous Societies. 

FKEE MASONRY. 

The early history of Free Masonry in New 
Jersey is involved in a shade of obscurity, yet 
there is evidence tliat it existed in the province 
nearly a century and a half ago, and was intro- 
duced but a few yeais after its revival in England. 
In 172!), Daniel Coxe, a large jjroprietor in West 
Jersey, and for many years a justice of the 
Supreme Court, was appointed Provincial Grand 
Master for New Jersey, under the seal of the Duke 
of Norfolk, Grand Master of England. 

There is no evidence that the appointment 
resulted in the establishment of any lodges in the 
province, and it is presumable that in those times 
temporary lodges were convened, at irregular inter- 
vals, to give the craftsmen au ojvjiortunity of en- 
joying fraternal amenities, and promoting the 
cultivation of Masonic science among the scattered 
brethren. At these esoteric communications it is 
probable that candidates were initiated into the 
ancient mysteries of the craft under a dispensa- 
tion from the Grand Master. 

The first deputation for New York was granted 
in 1737, during the Grand Mastership of the Earl 
of Darnley, to Richard Riggs as Provincial (rrand 
Master, and neither is tliere atiy record of his 
having establislied any lodges or doing anything 
towards organizing or extending the order. 

By the deputation of Grand Master Coxe, there- 
fore, whose jurisdiction included New York and 
several other provinces, it is safe to say that the 
history of Free Masonry on American soil had 
its starting-point in the province of New Jersey. 

On December 18, 178(), a convention was held 
in New Brunswick, and a Grand Lodge was 
organized, the Hon. David Brearley, chief justice 
of the State, being elected Grand Master. From 
that time Masonry in New Jersey has a distinctive 
history, and the growth and prosperity of the 
institution in the century which nearly elapsed 
since the organization of that body, both at home 
and in other States, is a matter of pride and 
congratulation to the twelve thousand craftsmen 
now within the borders of the foster-mother of 
American Free Masonry. 

The first regularly organized lodge ot which we 
have any record, and which antedates the Grand 



Lodge by nearly a quarter of a century, is St. 
John's Lodge, No. 1, F. and A. M., of Newark, 
which was instituted 13th day of May, 17fil. 

Camden LorxiE, No. 15, F. and A. M. — This 
lodge was originally organized and set to work No- 
vember 21, A.jj. 5821, and continued at work until 
the year 1842 as Camden Lodge, No. 45, F. A. M., 
holding its meetings at Vauxhall Garden, at the 
southwest corner of Fourth and Market Streets, 
and ceased work from lack of interest on the part 
of its members. The warrant was surrendered 
and the effects of the lodge were sold at constable's 
sale to satisfy the landlord. 

On March, 29, a.l. 5849, a petition signed by 
Richard W. Howell, John W. Mickle, Richard 
Fetters, Thomas W. Mulford, Joseph Taylor, 
Charles S. Garrett, George House, AV^aters B. 
Miller, Josiah Shivers, (ieorge W. Carpenter, Jesse 
Hall and Ezekiel Hall (all of whom are deceased 
except Waters B. Miller and Jesse Hall, neither 
of whom now hold membership with No.l5) was sent 
to the Grand Lodge, praying for a new charter. 
This petition was recommended by Mount Holly 
Lodge, No. 14, April 17, a.l. 5840, and on the 
18th day of April, a.l. 5849, Worthy Brother John 
P. Lewis, Grand Master of the M. W. G. Lodge of 
New Jersey, set Camden Lodge to work by dis- 
pensation, in the third-story room of the southeast 
corner of Second and Plum, where the lodge 
continued to work for a short time, when they 
removed to the present hall, southeast corner of 
Fourth and Jlarket Streets, and still continue. 
At the session of the M. \Y. G. Lodge of New 
Jersey, held at Trenton, January 9, a.l. 5850, 
the old warrant was restored to the i)etitioners, 
and the number changed to 15 on the recommen- 
dation of the committee to whom petition was 
referred. Camden Lodge, No. 15, is justly styled 
the mother lodge of Masonry in Camden and 
vicinity. 

The following lodges were recommended to the 
Grand Lodge of New Jersey by Camden No. 15 : 
Glassboro', No. 85; 'Ionic, No. 94, Florence'; No. 
87 ; and Trimble, No. 117. Other lodges have 
been instituted by recommendation from these 
lodges. 

Since Camden Lodge, No. 15, has been work- 
ing it has had a roll of membership of some 550 ; 
403 persons have been made Master Mascuis, 10 
persons Fellowcrafts, 30 Entered Apprentices and 
99 have affiliated from other lodges. The roll of 
Past Masters shows 30 who have served as Master 
of this lodge, 9 of whom are deceived, 2 with- 
drawn, 1 affiliated, 20 still active members. This 
lodge has furnished the Most Worthy Grand Lodge 



THE CITY OP CAMDEN. 



559 



of New Jersey with 2 (Jraiid Masters, 2 Deputy 
(Trand Masters and 1 Senior Grand Warden. 

The finanees of the lodge are carefnlly taken 
care of. and all tlie surplus invested for future use. 

The present roll shows some two hundred active 
members, and the lodge is in a very healthy 
condition. The present corps of officers is as 
follows r John IC. Fagen, Worthy Master ; David 
M. Spence, Senior Warden ; John Cherry, Junior 
^V'arden ; Joseph P. Weatherby, Treasurer ; James 
M. Cassady, P. M., Secretary; Edmund B. Leam- 
i rig, Senior Deacon; Harry P. I'aul, Junior Dea- 
con: Byron Sliarj), S. M. C. ; E. Hitner Gei.se, 
.1. M. ('. ; AN'illiam Cline, Senior Steward ; Howard 
('arrow. .lunior Steward; Charles H. Gordon, 
TiU-r; .f. S. H. Cassady, P. M., Marshal ; C. Henry 
Kain, P.M., Organist; Louis T. Derousse, G. 
Genge Browning, J. S. K. Cassady, Trustees; 
Representatives in the Masonic Board of Relief, 
David M. Spence, John N. West, James W. Ayers, 
S. Glover Rudderow and Joseph F. P. Reed. The 
present Secretary has held this position contin- 
uously since December, A.\,. 0802. 

IdXic LoiKiE, No. ii4, F. .\. M., was organized 
ill the house (if .Tames W. ^\'^clth, on Stevens Street, 
.\pril 20, isiis. The loilnwing-named persons 
were the original members: \V. Wallace Goodwin, 
J. H. Stone, Alexander Mecray, Thomas .1. Fran- 
cis, B. A. Pine, James A. Perry, Frederick P. 
Pfeiffer, Thomas iMcDow.-ll, John W. Rogers, 
James W. Wroth, Isaac (_'. Githens, Ghristopher 
C. Smith, Samuel J. Fenner, Oliver W. (iundwiu, 
George E. Wilson, George W. W.-ils<iii, I!.ichai<l 
Perks, Charles W. Sarldri, .lohii Guldlhurpe, 
Albion Craven, James T. KdlK-rtshaw, D. W..(. 
Mutton, Seth Thomas, Charles H. Snyder, Jcdiii 
R. Cunningham and 'IMionias Hinchman. 

They decided ujion the formation of a bulge to 
be called " Curinlhian," and selected as Iciiipdrary 
oliicers: W. M., W. W. Goodwin; S. W., Thomas 
McDowell: J. W., John W. Rogers. A petition 
recomiiiended by Gaiiiden, No. 15, vvas presented 
May 12th and .lune 22d. A dispensation was 
granted by K- W. G. S. W. James H. Stevens, who 
appointed Isaac C. tiithens Secretary, and James 
W. Wroth Treasurer, to act until relieved. They 
thus worked until February 2:'., 18(19, when they 
received the charter as Ionic Lodge, No. 94, and in 
the Central Hall were constituted, and these ofK- 
cers installed: W. M., W. W. (ioodwin; S. W., 
Thomas McDowell; .1. W., .1. W. R.igcis; Treas- 
urer, J. W. Wroth; Secretary, Isaac C. Gitbciis; 
Ghaplain, William H. Jetlerys. 

The lodge prospered and increased to (jver two 
hundred members, with a strung tinaiicial basis, 



under the tbilowing-named Worthy Masters: W. 
Wallace Goodwin, Thomas McDowell, John W. 
Rogers, Seth Thonuis, Josiah Matlack, Isaac C. 
Githens, George Shattuck, William T. Brewer, 
Edward Furlong, James S. Smyth, John R. Grubb, 
William C. Cxoodrich, Charles H. Austin, William 
S. Casselman, J. B. Kelsey, George H. Hammond 
.and George Van Benschoten. Three flourishing 
lodges are ofishoots of Lmic, — Merchantville, No. 
119; Mozart, No. 121; and Haddonfield Lodge, 
No. 1;10. The oliicers for ISXC are: W. M., John 
D. Leckner, M.D.; S. W., F. V. Hogate; J. W., 
Thaddeus P. Varney ; Treasurer, Horace Sharp; 
Secretary, Frank F. Michellon. The latter has 
held the office since 1871. and Christopher C. 
Smith has been Tiler since the formation of the 
lodge. 

TiUMlu.E LoiKiE, No. 117, F. A. M., was insti- 
tuted under warraTit bearing <late Jaiiiiaiy 19. 
1871, .and .signed by G. M., William E. Pine; D. 
G. M., William Wall.ace Goodwin; S. G. W., 
Nathan Haines ; .1. G. W., James \'. Beiitley ; and 
< i. S., Joseph H. Hough. D. ( i. M. W. W. Good- 
win instituted the lodge, assisted by members of 
the Grand Lodge, in Masonic Hall, and placed 
these officers in position : W. M., George H. Fair- 
field ; S. W., George F. Fort; J. W.. Marmadnke 
B. Taylor: S. D., Nathan F. Cowan : .1. D., Fred- 
erick A. Rex; Treasurer, H. Genet Taylor; Sec- 
retary, .1. Graham Milligan. The others named in 
the warrant were William S. Fort and Wilbur 
F. Rose. The following were the charter mem- 
bers: George H. Fairfield, tieorge F. Fort, Wil- 
liam S. Fort, Marmaduke B. Taylor, H. Genet 
Taylor, Wilbur F. Rose, J. Graham, E. Milligan, 
Nathan F. Cowan, Frederick A. Rex. The mem- 
bership numbers ninety-four, and is increasing 
steadily. The meetings are held monthly, in 
Masonic Hall, Fourth and Market. The officers 
for ISSt; are: W. M., Irving Turner; S. W., Charles 
H. Stiles; J. W.. Charles O. Brown; Treasurer, 
Nathan F. Cowan. P. M. ; Secretary, George H. 
Fairfield, P. M.: S. D., .Jacob Thatcher; J. I)., 
Elmer W. Murdock. Tliis lodge has in its mem- 
bership some of the most prominent citizens of 
Camden, inclmling many professional gentlemen, 
whose names appear in other parts of this work. 
The meetings are held at Masonic Hall, on the 
first Frid.ay evening in each month. 

Moz,\RT LoiKiE, No. 121, F. and A. j\l., is :i 
German lodge, and rec.eive<l its disiiensation from 
the M. W. Grand Lodge of New .Jersey, jMarch 17, 
1871. R. W. D. (J. M. William Wallace Good- 
win installed the following' officers : W. M., Fred- 
erick P. Pfeitfer; S. W., D. (i. Langendorf ; J. W., 



560 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Gustave Grossman ; Treasurer, John Welsch ; Sec- 
retary, Charles H. liiceman (deceased); S. D., 
August C. Riceman ; J. D., George Senst'elder ; 
M.'s of C, George Goetz (deceased) and Holonion 
Seybold; Tiler, C. C. Smith, of 94. 

The present officers of Mozart Lodge are : W. M., 
John Heim ; 8. W., Frederick Roedel ; J. VV., Jacob 
Rettberg; Treasurer, William Stein; Secretary, 
Charles Engel, P. M. ; S. D., August Weber; J. D., 
Jacob Vissel ; M.'s of C, Christian Eckert and 
George Pfeitfer; Stewards, Levi Bachrach and 
Henry Schultz; Tiler, C. C. Smith, of !»4. Past 
Masters : Daniel G. Langendorf, Gustave Gross- 
man, August C. Riceman, Cieorge Sensfelder, Wil- 
liam Kraft, Charles Engel, George P. Stephany, 
William Moering, Andrew Kaemmerer, John Heile- 
man, Frank Mester. Trustees for 1880 are George 
P. Stephany, P. M., William Moering, P. M., Levi 
Bachrach. There are forty members. The lodge 
meets every second Tuesday in the month, at 
Wildey Hall, corner of Fifth and Pine Streets, at 
half-past seven o'clock p.m. 

SiLOAM R. A. Chapter, No. 19, Royal Arch 
Masons, was consecrated and instituted on Oc- 
tober 8, 1867, with Comp. Wm. Wallace Goodwin, 
M. E. H. p.; Comp. Seth Thomas, E. K.; Comp. 
J. L. De La Cour, E. S.; Comp. Jas. W. Wrotli, 
Treasurer; Comp. Chas. I. Fuerig, Secretary. The 
presiding and subordinate officers, excepting the 
treasurer and secretary, were changed at the an- 
nual elections. Comp. Jas. W. Wroth remained 
treasurer until December, 1868, when he was suc- 
ceeded by Comp. A. B. Frazee, who, however, 
served but one year, when Comp. Wroth was 
again elected treasurer in December, 1869, and 
served in that position until December, 1878, when 
he was succeeded by Comp. Nathan F. Cowan, 
who has been annually re-elected ever since, and 
holds the position at the present time. Comp. Chas. 
L Frieug remained secretary until December, 
1871, when he was succeeded by Comp. George 
Shattuck, who was succeeded in December, 1875 
by Comp. A. Clifford Jackson, who was suc- 
ceeded, in December, 1877, by (^'omp. Charles 
F. Hollingshead, who has been annually re- 
elected since and holds the position at the 
present time. The chapter started in 1867 
with a membership of fifteen, and now numbers 
two hundred and fifty, and comprises many of the 
prominent citizens in this part of the State. 

Van Hook Council, No. 8, Royal andSelect 
Masters, is the only council organized in the city 
of Camden, and, although starting off with but a 
small membership, has grown to be one of the 
largest in the State. 



The meetings are held in the hall of Excelsior 
Consistory, corner of Third and Federal Streets, 
on the second Wednesday evening of each month. 

The charter bears date of January 21, 1S7'1 The 
following were the officers : 

Andrew B. Frazee, First Thrice Illustrious 
Master ; John W. Rogers, First Deputy Illus- 
trious Master ; Frank A. Fenton, Fir.st Principal 
Conductor of the Work ; Jacob H. Yocuni, Jr., 
First Master of Exchequer; George Shattuck, 
First Recorder; Richard F. Smith, PMrst Captain 
of Guard; W. T. Benner, First Conductor of 
Council ; S. S. Edwards, First Steward ; C. C. 
Smith, Fir.st Sentinel. 

Following are the present officers of the council : 

Cieo. W. Steed, Thrice Illustrious Master; John 
S. R. Cassady, Deputy Illustrious Master; 
John W. Johnson, Principal Conductor of Work ; 
Andrew B. Frazee, Treasurer; F. F. Hogate, Re- 
corder; N. F. Cowan, Captain of Guard; Geo. F. 
Hammond, Conductor of Council ; Enos Dismant, 
vSteward ; C. C. Smith, Sentinel. 

This council has thirty-one members. Since 
the organization death has removed eight members 
of the council, among the number Past Thrice 
Illustrious Grand Master Frank A. Fenton. Two 
members of this council have been elevated to the 
Grand East of this jurisdiction, — Frank A. Fenton, 
in 1880, and Edward Mills, in 1885. 

Cyrene Commandery, No. 7, Masonic 
KniciHts Templar, was regularly consecrated 
and constituted under a warrant from the Grand 
Commandery of the State of New Jersey, on Oc- 
tober 16, 1868, at the court-house in the city of 
Camden, Dr. Thos. J. Corson acting as Grand 
Commander. The five principal officers of the 
Commandery installed upon that occasion were, — 
Sir Wm. Wallace Goodwin, Eminent Com- 
mander ; Sir Jas. H. Stevens, Generalissimo ; Sir 
John W. Rogers, Captain-General ; Sir James W. 
Wroth, Treasurer ; Sir Chas. I. Fuerig, Recorder. 
The presiding and subordinate officers, excepting 
the treasurer and recorder, were changed, as is the 
usual custom at the annual elections. Sir James 
W. Wroth, treasui'er, was annually re-elected until 
April 18, 1878, when he was succeeded by Sir 
Nathan F. Ctowan, who has been annually re- 
elected ever since and holds the position at the 
jiresent time. Sir Chas. I. Fuerig, recorder, was 
annually re-elected until March Iti, 1871, when he 
was succeeded by Sir (teorge Shattuck, who was 
annually re-elected until May 10, 1878, when he 
was succeeded by Sir Chas. F. Hollingshead, who 
has been annually re-elected ever since and holds 
the position at this time. 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



5G1 



The coinniainkTy stnrted with a inembei'shi|) of 
iiiiieteeu, anrl its present membership is one hun- 
(Ireil and fifty, and includes many of the prominent 
business and professional men of the city. The 
I'ast Comnumders of Cyreue, or those who have 
tilled the position of presiding officer, are as fol- 
lows: !-!irs Will. Wallace (ioodwin, Andrew l>. 
Frazee, J. Laytou Register, Geo. E. Wilson, Rich- 
ard F. Smith, W. B. F. Wood, Jacob H. Yocum, 
.Jr., Robert F. S. Heath, 8eth Thomas, Isaac C. 
Cfithens, i\I. B. Taylor, Wm. H. Stansbury, Wm. 
Kraft, Jas. P. Weatherby, Wm. M. Davison, 
Francis Oookson and Edward Mills. The Past 
Commanders of Oyrene who have served as Grand 
Commanders of the Grand Commaiidery of New 
Jersey are Sirs Wm. Wallace Goodwin, Anilrew 
B. Frazee and I. Laytoii Register. I'ast C'om- 
mander, Isaac C. Githens is the present Grand 
Generalissimo of the Grand Comniaadery. 

The Ancient AND Accepted Scottish Rite. 
— This rite was fir.st organized in the " Valley of 
Camden," in the early part of the year 1870, but 
owing to necessary delays in a correspondanee 
with the officers and members of the bodies of the 
rite located at Mount Holly, the organization was 
not effected until August 4, 1870, when Excelsior 
Grand Lodge of Perfection, 14°, was set to work. 
The membership rapidly increased, and .soon the 
organization of Excelsior Council of Princes of 
Jerusalem, 15° and lt!°, and Excelsior Rose Croix 
Chapter, 17° and 18°, was completed. Meetings 
were regularly held until 187'>, when, from finan- 
cial troubles and other causes, the work in these 
bodies was almost suspended, but through the 
etlbrts of a few members it was not permitted to 
die out. 

Ill 1XS2, a number of the brethren having died, 
it was thought pi-oper to hold a "lodge of honor " 
(being the first ever held in this jurisdiction), at 
which a large number of Masonic brethren were 
present, and the beautiful ceremonies not only 
made a deep impression, but caused new life to 
be infused into the order. The oration u]iom this 
occasion was delivered by Past Thri<-e Potent 
Cxrand Master Marmaduke B. Taylor. 

The Tiew seed sown took deep root and the mem- 
bership increased so rapidly that it was found 
necessary to make arrangements to organize a 
consistory in Camden, as the only one in the State, 
being located at Jersey City, was considered too 
remote for the brethren in Camden, many of 
whom had become members of the Philadel|diia 
Consistory. 

On the KJth day of November, 1883, Excelsior 
Consistory was set to work, since which time the 



Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite has liecn the 
most flourishing Masonic body in the city of 
C'amden. 

The first three bodies of the rite originally were 
installed in Mount Holly, and the same transferred 
to Camden, the Mount Holly brethren retaining 
their menibershii). 

The present officers of the consistory are Edward 
Mills, 32° Illustrious Commander-in-(!liief ; Mar- 
maduke B. Taylor, 32° Illu.strious First Lieuten- 
ant C!ommander; C. Henry Austin, 32° Illnstrioiis 
Second Lieutenant Commander; Frank L. Vinton, 
32° Grand Master of State; David M. Spence, 32° 
Grand Chancellor ; Joseph F. P. Reed, 32° Grand 
Treasurer ; Isaac C. Githens, 32° Grand Keeper of 
the Seals and Archives; Genge F. Hammond, 32° 
Architect ; George Van Benschoten, 32° IIos- 
|)italer ; George Shattuck, 32° Ma.ster of Cere- 
monies; William H. Thompson, 32° Standard- 
Bearer ; Cieorge W. Steed, 32° Ca])tain of the 
Guard; Charles H. Gordon, 32° Grand Sentinel. 

The present officers of Excelsior Chapter Ro.se 
Croix are Geo. W- Steed, 32° M. W. and P. Master ; 
David M. Spence, 32° M. E. P. and Kl. S. W. ; (Jeo. 
Van Benschoten, 32° M. E. P. and Kt. J. W. ; 
Edward E. Read, Jr., 32° M. E. and P. Kt. (i. 
Orator; Joseph F. P. Read, 32° Res].. and I'. Kt. 
Treasurer; Edward Mills, 32° Resp. and P. Kt. 
Secretary ; A. B. Frazee, 33° Resp. and P. Kt. 
Hospitaler ; Thomas B. WooLston, 32° Resp. and 
P. Kt. M. of C. ; F. F. Hogate, 32° Resp. and P. 
Kt C. of (x. ; Charles H. Gordon, 32" Resp. (irand 
Tiler. 

The present officers of Excelsior Council, P. of J., 
are Andrew B. Frazee, 33° M. E. Sov. P. G. Master ; 
George W. Steed, 32° G. H. P. Deputy Ctr. Master; 
C. Henry Austin, 32° M. E. Senior Gr. Warden ; 
Frank B. Delaplaine, 32° M. E. Junior Gr. Warden ; 
Joseph F. P. Read, 32° Val. Gr. Treasurer ; 
Edward Mills, 32° Val. Gr. Secretary ; Daniel H. 
Erthuan, 32° Val. Gr. Almoner ; Thomas Mc- 
Dowell. 32° Val. Gr. M. of C. ; F. F. Hogate, 32° 
Val. Gr. M. of E. ; C. H. Gordon, 32° Grand 
Tyler. 

Tiie present officers of Excelsior Lodge of Per- 
fection are George F. Hammond, 32° T. P. G. M. ; 
John S. R. Cassady, 32° Deputy (i. M. ; George 
Van Benschoten, 32° S. G. W. ; Frank B. Dela- 
plaine, 32° J. G. W. ; J. F. P. Read, 32° Gr. Treas- 
urer ; Edward Mills, 32° Gr. Secretary; E. E. 
Read, Jr., 32° G. M. C. ; F. F. Hogate, 32° Gr. ('. 
of G. ; George W. Steed, 32° G. Hospitaler; C. 
H. Gordon, 32° G. Tiler. 

The Past Most Wise and Perfect Masters of 
Excelsior Chapel of Rose Croix are W. W. Good- 



562 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



will, n°; F. A. Fenton, 82°; A. B. Frazee, 33''; 
Edward Mills, 33° ; J. S. Smith, 32°; Thomas Mc- 
Dowell, 32° ; C. Henry Austin, 32° ; George F. 
Hammond, 32° ; George W. Steed, 32°. 

The Past Sovereign Prince Grand Masters of Ex- 
celsior Council of Princes of Jerusalem are W. W. 
Goodwin, 33° ; W. H. Jeffreys, 33° ; J. P. Michellon, 
32° ; Marmaduke B. Taylor, 32° ; Edwin Mills, 32° ; 
A. B. Frazee, 33°. 

The Past Thrice Potent Grand Masters of E.Kcel- 
sior Grand Lodge of Perfection are G. H. Pancoast, 
32° ; W. W. Goodwin, 33°; James H. Stevens, 32°; 
Marmaduke B. Taylor, 32° ; A. B. Frazee, 33° I 
J. S. Smith, 32° ; Thomas McDowell, 32° ; Edwin 
Mills, 32°; C Henry Austin, 32°; George F. Ham- 
mond, 32°. 

Masonjo Ladies. — The (Jrand Lodge of Mason- 
ic Ladies of New Jersey was instituted September 
12, 1807, in Mechanics' Hall, Camden, by P. G. I. 
H. P. Elizabeth C. Cline and ( 1. R. Secretary 
Elizabeth Craig, of Pennsylvania. The first 
officers were: G. I. H. P., Meny Whippy, No. 1, 
Camden ; G. H. P., Elizabeth Rocap," No. 3, 
Bridgeton ; G. R. Secretary, Harriet Wright, No. 2, 
Burlington. There are fifteen lodges within its 
jurisdiction, with ten hundred and twenty-five 
members. Its officers are : G. I. H. P., Elizabeth 
Shamelia, No. 2, Burlington ; G. H. P., Annie 
Elliott, No. 9, Bordentown : G. R. Secty., Annie 
M. Quick, No. 1, Camden. 

Mould Z'lon Lodge, Ko. 1, Masonic Ladie.s, 
was instituted in Mechanics' Hall April 4, 18tj(j, 
with thirty-five charter members, by (J. I. H. 1'. 
Elizabeth P. Cline and G. R. S. Elizabeth Craig, 
of Pennsylvania. These officers were installed : 
P. I. H. P., Margaret Deith ; I. H. P., Mercy 
Whippy ; H. P., Coctle ; S. C, Mary Burnett ; R. 
Secretary, Susanna Quin ; F.S.,MargarettaHainp- 
ton ; T., Sarah Gilbert ; S. I., Ruth A. Ross ; J. I ., 
Mary M. Lindale ; Tiler, Clara Muckleson. The 
lodge has prospered and a membership of nearly 
one hundred has accumulated a reserve fund of 
three thousand dollars. 

The officers at present are P. I. H. P., Elizabeth 
Long; I. H. P., Emily Weldey; H. P., Kale 
Tyler ; R. S., Annie M. Quick ; F. S., K. E. 
Sparks; T., Ruth A. Ross; S. of C, Ellen Biddle ; 
S. I., Margaret Whittle ; J. I., Elizabeth Kleavir ; 
Tiler, Elizal)eth Campbell. 

The members of IMount Zion Lodge who are 
Past Great Illustrious High Priestesses of the 
Grand Lodge of New Jersey are Mercy Whippy, 
Ruth A. Ross, Mary A. Moore and Eliza J. Leil- 
back. 

Lily of the Valley Lodge, 'No. 6, of Masonic 



Ladlex was organized May 8, 1807, by Rebecca 
Thompson, I. G. H. P. ; Emeline Williams, G. H. 
P. ; Elizabeth Craig, G. S. Charter granted to 
Catherine Caldwell, May A. Merkle, Priscilla B. 
Ayers, Mary West, Isabella Stanbury, Elizabeth 
(xordon, Mary W. Saunders, Lizzie Anderson, 
Kate Cadwell, Sarah Rickard, Annie Ayers, Ann 
Porter, Elmira B. Wescott, Sarah P. I>ist, Sarah 
Jackson, Rachel Litcherfelt, Mary A. Laning. 
Susan A. Vaugn. The following were the officers : 
G. I. H. P., Rebecca Thompson ; G. H. P., Emeliiic 
Williams ; G. Sec, Elizabeth Craig. Officers at 
that time : I. H. P., Priscilla B. Ayres ; P. I. H. P., 
Mary A. Merkle; H. P., Mary West; S. of Cer., 
Catharine Cadwell; Rec. Sec, Isabella Stansbury ; 
Fin. Sec, Elizabeth Gordon ; Tre.os., Mary W. 
Saunders ; S. luspectress, Sarah Rickards ; J. In- 
spectress, Rachel Litchenfelt ; Tiler, Harriet 
Stiles; S. I., Mattie Randolph; J. I., Cecelia 
Hanley; Tiler, Anna Smick; Rec. Sec, Kate F. 
Cadwell ; Fin. Sec, Mary M. Davis ; Treas., Re- 
becca Eastlack. 

Colored JIasonic Bodiks. — Rising Sun Lodge 
of Free and Accepted Masons, composed of col- 
ored citizens, was formed at the house of Ishniael 
Locks, southeast corner of Fifth Street and Cherry, 
under a charter granted to Thomas Barns, W. M. ; 
George Jackson, S. W. ; and Wesley Armstrong, 
J. W., dated May 13, 1847. In 1849 the meet- 
ings were held in Butler's Hall, built for the pur- 
pose, on Sycamore Street, east of Seventh. They 
afterwards met in a hall on Spruce Street, below 
Third; in 1874, at Fourth and Walnut, and in 
1875 in Newton Hall, Broadway aud Newton 
Avenue, which is now the general headquarters of 
the several Colored Masonic fraternities. The 
warrant was granted by the Grand Lodge of Penn- 
sylvania, which received its warrant from Princes 
Hall Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, in its turn 
the recipient of a warrant from the Grand Lodge 
of England, dated September 29, 17S4, granting 
authority to open and hold African Lodge, No. 
4.''i9, in the city of Boston. 

When the Grand Ijodge of New Jersey was 
formed, June 12, 1848, Rising Sun became No. 4, 
and, on the union of Colored Masons of the Stale 
under one jurisdiction, became No. 1, which num- 
ber it still holds. Rising Sun has furnished a 
number of Grand Masters of the Grand Lodge of 
New Jersey, as follows: George Walton, Anthony 
Colding, George Jackson, Henry Mackey, Deni])- 
sey D. Butler, R. F. Lovett, Jacob F. Derrickson, 
William R. Shipley and Philip T. Colding. The 
officers elected in 1880 are — W. M., James H. 
Leatherberry ; S. W., William O. Castor ; J. W., 



THE CITY OF CAMDExV. 



563 



Gilbert Webb; Treasurer, Dempsey D. Fjiitler; 
Secretary, Jacob T. Derrickson. 

Aurora Lodge, No. 9, F. and A. 51., also iiieet.s 
in Newton Hall, as do the.se co-i'ratcrnitics, — 
St. Luke's Chapter, No. 1, Hoyal Arch Masons; 
Detnolley Coniniandcry, Knights Templar, No. 1; 
Eureka Chapter, Lodge ol' Perfection, No. 2, Frank 
T. Webster, M. 1'. M. ; Oriental Council, No. 2, 
Princes of Jerusalem, John H. Bean, I. M. E. ; 
Union Chapter, Knight,s of Rose Croix, John W. 
Mays, M. W. ; Dehoco Consistory, Sublime Princes 
of the Royal Secret, Charles N. Robinson, L S. C. 

Aurora Lodge, No. !•, Free and Accepted Ma- 
sons (colored), was instituted, by dispensation, 
August 11, 1853, and was duly organized by war- 
rant under the jurisdicticni and authority of the 
M. W. Union Grand Lodge of New Jersey, and 
was granted to the following : Aaron Fisher, Enoch 
Little, Freeman Gould, Samuel Cleaver, Hezekiah 
Kinching, James Venning and Nicholas Boston. 
The lodge was organized, and met for many years, 
in the rear of the Macedonia Church, but now 
meets in Newton Hall. From its foundation all 
obligations have been met, and no one meeting has 
been omitted. 

The present othcers are: .lames Robinson, W. 
M. ; Moses Stevens, S. W. ; George Nisoii, J- W.; 
James Martin, T. ; Charles N. Robinson. 

The Grand Lodce of New Jehsey, which 
meets in Camden, was organized .Tune 12, 1S4X, by 
a convention comprising representatives from 
these lodges: St. John's, No. S, Trenton ; Unity, 
No. 11, Burlington ; Mount Moriah, No. 12, Salem, 
and Rising Sun, No. U), Camden. The officers 
elected were Jl. W. G. M., (Jeorge Shrive, No. 8; 
D. G. M., Benjamin Jackson, No. 1 1 ; S. (i. W., 
Littleton Williams, No. Hi; .1. G. \V., George 
Jackson, No. 19; G. Treasurer, Benjamin Stew- 
ard ; Grand Secretary, .Toshua Woodlin. 

This Grand Lodge was known as the Union 
Grand Lodge for the State of New Jersey. A 
question of sovereignty, in 1850, caused a split, 
but in 1875, at a convention representing all the 
lodges of both jurisdictions, when a union of the 
two bodies was efl'ected, and the M. W. Ignited 
liOdge for the State of New Jersey was formed, 
and the officers elected were M. W. G. Jf., Charles 
N. Robinson ; D. G. M., Moses Wilcox ; S. G. W., 
John H. Bean; J. G. W., Pierce Brown; G. T., 
1. Sample ; G. S., Jacob T. Derrickson ; Cor. (i. S., 
J. Henry Hall. 

The United Graud Lodge meets annually at 
their Grand East, Broadway and Newton Avenue, 
on the 27th of December, and controls all the 
lodges of Colored F. and A. Masons of the State, 



numbering thirty, with an aggregate memberslii|i 
of six hundred. 

The Past M. W. ( !. Masters of rujled Grand 
Lodge are: lS7(l-77, Cluirlcs .\. Ivobinson ; |,S7S, 
.loshua (inrncy; l.^7!i, I'liilip T. ('(ddiiig; issi), 
Wm. F. Powell; lS,S|,.l(,hn \V. Mays; I.S,S2, 
Paul Hammond: iss:;, Philip T. ('olding; and 
IXSo, George Bailey, .Ir. 

The otticersfor 18.Si; i,re .M. W. G. :\[., Francis 
Farmer; D. G. W. M., .John H. Bean ; M. \V. G. 
S. W., John H. Teebut; M. W. G. ,1. W., Frank 
H. Chapman; R. \V. G. S., Charles N. Kobin.son ; 
R. W. G. T., Jacob T. Derrickson ; Deputy of the 
State of New Jersey for the Thirty-third Degree, 
P. M. W. G. 51., Philip T. Colding. 

INDEPENDENT uRDEK dl" OHHFELLO WS. 

New Jersey LonciE, No. 1. — Ten years after 
Thomas Wildey had formed the first lodge of In- 
dependent Order of Odd-Fellows, he came to Cam- 
den, 5Iarch 30, 182!i, with a charter from the Mary- 
land Grand Lodge, the fountain-head of Odd-Fel- 
lowship, and founded New Jersey Lodge, No. 1. 
Thonuis Wildey organized the lodge in ])erson, in 
the room in Vauxhall (fardeu. The records have 
been lost and the names of the first New Jersey 
Gdd-Fellows were lost with them. 

New Jersey Lodge has had an honorable and 
))rosperous career. There have been eight hundred 
initiated, seven hundred and sixty released, sixty- 
eight buried and thirty-six thous.-in<l dollars paid 
out tor sickness and death. The members num- 
ber three hundred and twenty, and the meetings 
are held in Central Hall. These have passed the 
Noble Grand chair: John R. Thompson, James 
K. Webb, Samuel Ewan, Webster Gill, Daniel J. 
Shriller, John H. Stiles, Reuben Hollow:iy, John 
Stiles, Jacob P. Stone, Lewis R. Beckett, Wm. K. 
P>urrough, Jonathan J. Shcppard, R. G. Parvin, 
Alva F. Stetes, Thomas T. Ellis, George W. Ewan, 
Richard Dillmore, Charles G. Mayhew, Wm. A. 
Drown, Westcott Campbell, Theodore A. Verlan- 
der, 5Vm. O. Lusk, Edward S. King, Joseph 51. 
Bacon, Charles F. Adams, John Smedley, H. H. 
Pease, Mahlon P. Ivins, Virgil Willett, Harry 
Powell, Henry Grosskopf, Wm. Husted, Samuel 
Jliles, Stephen Phillips, Samuel Ewen, Benjamin 
Carliu, Joseph L. Bright and George Fox. 

The otHcers are, N. G., Wm. E. Rudolph ; V. G., 
John Corson ; P. S., Virgil Willett; R.S., Charles 
Stiles ; T., Mahlon F. Ivins ; W., David Phillips ; 
C, John C. Seal ; R. S. S., David Mundy ; L. S. S., 
George H. Weibel ; R. S. to N. G., P. G., Samuel 
5Iills^; L. S. to N. G., P. G. J. L. Bright ; I. G., 
Albert Phillips; G. G., A. L. Rudoliili ; Chaplain, 



564 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Wm. P. Partenheimer ; R. S. to V. G., Samuel 
Mills, Jr. ; L. S. to V. G., Joseph Ayers. 

Chosen Friends Lodge, No. 29, I. O. of O. 
F., of New Jersey, was constituted in Bontemps' 
Hall, Monday evening. May 12, 1845, at which 
time a special session of the Grand Lodge of New 
Jersey was held, and the charter presented to the 
lodge, these Grand officers officiating : Samuel 
Read, D. D. G. M., presided, assisted by P. G.'s 
Wm. C. Mulford and C. W. Roberts, of Washing- 
ton Lodge, No. 21 ; Joseph Carr, of Mount Holly 
Lodge, No. 19 ; G. M. John Perry and G. S. Wm. 
Curtis, of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania ; 
Cirand Sire Howell Hopkins, of the Grand Lodge 
of U. S. ; Horn R. Kneass and Smith Skinner, 
Rep. to G. L. of the U. S. from G. L. of Pennsyl- 
vania ; and brothers from Chosen Friends Lodge, 
No. 100, of Pennsylvania, including P. G. S. 
James B. Nicholson, now G. S. of the G. L. of 
Pennsylvania. 

Twenty-two were initiated, including Thomas 
W. Mulford, John F. Starr, Joseph C. DeLaCour, 
Benjamin Scott, Jr., James W. Shroft", James M. 
Cassady, Matthew Miller and Michael Letts, and 
these officers were installed : N. G., John Morgan ; 
Secretary, Manuel C. White ; V. G., Charles Bon- 
temps ; Treasurer, Isaac Mickle. Chosen Friends 
has always had a leading influence in the counsels 
of the order in this State, owing to the men of 
mark among its members, and of them James M. 
Cassady and John C. Stratford have been Grand 
Masters. Its Past Grands number thirty-seven. 
During its forty years of existence not a meeting 
has been omitted nor Ijenetits failed of payment 
when due. 

In that time these sums have been paid for the 
objects named ; 

Relief of brothei-K $17,fiC.ii.r,0 

Relief of widowed families l,rj(lo,2(t 

Education of ori)hans :;;lT.no 

Burying the dead .i,SN.=...'.i1 

Total $2.'i,38:i.32 

The lodge, with two hundred and twelve mem- 
bers, meets in Morgan's Hall, Thursday evenings, 
and is strong financially. The officers for 1886 
are: N. G., Benjamin S. Lewis; R. S., Samuel P. 
Jones ; V. G., Lewis Traunweiser ; P. S., Robert 
W. Meves. 

Senatus LODiiE, No. 7G, was instituted in Bon- 
temps Hall, February 9, 1848, with these officers 
in position : P. G., William E. Laflerty; N. G., 
C. C. Sadler ; V. G., John R. Graham ; S., W. B. 
Miller; A.S.,J. F.Cake ; T.,WilliamMorrell. The 
lodge prospered for a time, but from various causes 
the charter was surrendered in 1857. In 1868 .some 



of the old members, with others, decided to take 
up the surrendered charter and were duly insti- 
tuted, with these charter members: E. P. Andrews, 
John R. Graham, Seth Thomas, J. M. Rodgers, 
J. M. Sickles, William H. Stansburg, William H. 
Jeffries, James H. Stevens, F. H. Shinn, Stephen 
Parsons, Andrew B. Frazee, Frank Skinner, J. 
Earl Atkinson, A. C. Jackson, William H. Allen. 

Since its reorganization Senatus Lodge has pros- 
pered. It numbers one hundred and sixty mem- 
bers, with three thousand dollars invested, and is 
well provided with costly and complete parapher- 
nalia for the work of the order. The meetings 
are held Wednesday evenings in Central Hall. 
The officers are: N. G., Charles Schnitzler ; R. S., 
John Cook; T., W. B. Stewart; V. CI., Thomas 
Fitzgerald ; P. S., Frank M. Tussey. 

WiLDEY Lon(;E, No. 91, was instituted February 
20, 1849. The officers for 1886 are as follows : 
N. G., John Marshall ; V. G., Joseph B. Arm- 
strong ; R. S., Stephen Robinson ; P. S., A. G. M. 
Ashley; T., Robert H. Patton. The lodge meets 
at Wildey Hall every Tuesday evening. The total 
number of members is one hundred and forty. 

Kane Arctk' Lodge, No. 115, was organized 
by warrant dated August 12, 1857, at which time, 
in Odd-Fellows' (Morgan's) Hall, Hampton Wil- 
liams, of New Jersey Lodge, No. ]., D.D. Grand 
Master, installed these officers: I^evi Bachrach, 
N.G. ; William Hage,V. G. ; Emanuel Schneider, 
T. ; and with them initiated these charter mem- 
bers : Julius Barth and John M. Hertlein. 

The lodge meets in Central Hall and has a mem- 
bership of one hundred and thirty-seven, including 
thirty-nine Past Grands. The assets amount to 
$3257, .f.3000 of which, invested in mortgages, re- 
alizes $180 jier year. The present officers are : 
Noble Grand, Bernard Kohn ; Vice-Grand, Frid- 
olin Hanzy ; Recording Secretary, Karl E. Treb- 
ing ; Permanent Secretary, Henry Philipp ; Treas- 
urer, Levi Bachrach. 

Cajiden Lodge, No. 155, was organized Feb- 
ruary 17, 1871, with the following charter mem- 
bers : Thomas McDowell, Samuel M. Gaul, Chris- 
topher C. Smith, William Randall, Past ttrands ; 
Frederick G. Thoman, William W. Thoman, 
.losiah Jlatlack, Bowman Matlack, Horace Ham- 
mell, Andrew J. (7nnningham and William T. 
Brewer. The organization took place in Wil- 
dey Hall, where the lodge has met since. It 
has had a full measure of prosperity, numbers 
one hundred and fifty-five members and has a re- 
serve fund of five thousand dollars. The Piist 
Grands number twenty -six, and P. G. William T. 
Brewer is a Past Grand Master. The present 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



5G5 



officers are : N. G., Samuel M. Baker ; V. G., 
Thomas R. Murphy ; R. S. P. G., Frank P. Jack- 
son ; P. S. P. G., Edward G. Bugge ; T. P. G., 
Josiah Matlack. 

Campen Encampment, No. 12, instituted 
August 13, 184(5, meets Fourth and Market, at 
Morgan's Hall, second and fourth Friday nights. 
Number of members, seventy-five. The present 
officers are: Chief Patriarch, Lewis Traunweiser ; 
Senior Warden, Sewell H. Colley; Scribe, John 
Matlack ; Treasurer, Benjamin D. Coley ; High 
Priest, Samuel Mills, Sr- ; Junior Warden, Robert 
R. Kates ; O. S. C, Nathan A. Carter ; I. S. C, 
Theo. W. Pimm ; Guide, Henry Grosskopf. 

Fame Encampment, No. 26, was instituted 
August 14, 1851. The officers for 1886 are as fol- 
lows : C. P., Sam. M. Baker; H. P., James Hough- 
ton ; S. W., Asa Kirby ; J. W., H. J. House ; T., 
Joseph B. Fox; S., A. George M. Ashley. This 
encampment meets at Wildey Hall the first and 
third Friday evenings of every month. The total 
number of members is forty-eight. 

Canton Ridgley, No. 5, Patriarch Mili- 
tant, was instituted March 3, 1886. The present 
number of members is twenty. The present offi- 
cers are: Captain, Jonathan J. Sheppard ; Lieu- 
tenant, James Houghton ; Recorder, John W. 
Matlack; Accountant, George Wailes ; Ensign, 
Benjamin F. Fortiner. Meetings are held at the 
northwest corner of Second and Federal Streets on 
the first and second Wednesday evenings of each 
month. 

Mount Zion Lodge, No. 7, Daughters of 
Rebekah, was instituted November 17, 1868. 
Meetings are held at Fourth and Market Streets, 
in Morgan's Hall, on the first and third Friday 
nights. The present officers are : Noble Grand, 
Robert R. Kates; Vice-Grand, Mrs. H. Strang; 
Secretary, John W. Matlack ; Financial Secretary, 
Lucy Hubbs ; Treasurer, Priscilla Johnson ; R. S. 
N. G., Mary Campbell ; L. S. N. G., Mary Corson ; 
Warden, J. W. Johnson ; Conductor, Mary Paul ; 
I. S. S., Lewis Traunweiser; 0. S. S. Nathun 
Carter; Chaplain, Althea Bond; R. S. V. G., 
Jane Hearn; L. S. V. G., Arietta Lewis. The 
lodge has two hundred members. 

The Odd-Fellows' Funeral Aid Associa- 
tion, of Camden, was instituted October 16, 1868. 
The number of members at present is two hundred 
and forty-five. The present officers are: President, 
W. C. Husted ; Vice-President, A. G. M. Ashley ; 
Secretary, John W. Matlack ; Treasurer, Benjamin 
D. Coley; Directors, Samuel W. Stivers, Thomas 
W. Pinmi, Benedict Youiigman, Levi Bachrach, 
68 



Harry Bennett, Conrad Austermuh), Joseph Der- 
hanier, Lewis C. Harris, James Maguire. 

KNIGUTS of PYTHIAS. 

The Knights of Pythias, a secret benevolent or- 
der, was organized in the city of Washington, D. C, 
February 19, 1864, by J. H. Rathbone. On No- 
vember 28, 1867, Honorable Stephen D. Young, 
William B. French, Robert F. S. Heath, Richard 
B. Wilmot, John Matlack, George W. Conrow, 
Charles Mayhew, Joseph Braddock and William 
Penn Repsher, all residents of Camden, were ini- 
tiated into Damon Lodge, No. 8, in Philadelphia. 
On December 1 2th, of that year, the above-named 
Knights assembled in Odd-Fellows' Hall, in Cam- 
den, and were instituted as Damon Lodge by several 
Grand Officers from Washington, D. C. Upon that 
occasion nearly fifty gentlemen were initiated, 
among the number Honorable Samuel Read, who 
subsequently became the first Supreme Chancellor. 
P. G. C. Young officiated that evening as Grand 
Junior Guard. At a later day charters were re- 
ceived lor two lodges, New Jersey Lodge receiving 
the first number and Damon No. 2. Undoubtedly 
a mistake had been made, as the members who had 
been initiated in Philadelphia constituted Damon 
Lodge in Camden and were jusily entitled to the 
first number. 

The Grand Lodge was organized in Camden 
March 16, 1868. The first annual session was held 
in Camden April 20, 1868. The Grand Lodge 
meets annually at Trenton, in February. The fol- 
lowing were the first Grand Officers : Robert F. S. 
Heath, No. 2, V. G. P. ; Samuel Read, No. 1, VV. 
G. C. ; Robert Muffett, No. 5, V. G. C. ; William 
B. French, No. 2, G. R. S, ; Charles W. Heisler, 
No. 1, G. F. S. ; Anthony Phillips, No. 1, G. B. ; 
John T. Tompkins, No. 4, G. G. ; John L. Sharp, 
No. 6, G. I. S. ; Frederick L. Cobb, No. 3, G. O. S. 

Damon Lodge, No. 2, meets at the southeast 
corner of Fourth and Market Streets, Monday 
evenings. It was instituted December 12, 1867. 
The first officers were as follows: V. P., Richard 
B. Wilmot; W. C, Robert F. S. Heath ; V. C, 
John W. Matlack; R. S., William B. French; 
F. S., Charles G. Mayhew ; Banker, George W. Con- 
row ; Guide, Samuel E. Radclifl'; I. S., Stephen 
D. Young; O. S., Joseph B. Braddock. The 
present officers are : P. C, Jacob F. Voight ; C. C, 
Charles J. Barr ; V. C, John O. Zuschnitt ; M. at 
A., Robert J. Roberts ; M. of E., H. F. Chew ; M. 
of F., Charles E. Fisher ; K. of R. and S., Herman 
Rosade ; Prelate, A. H. Clymer ; L G., N. A. 
Carter; O. G., John S. Clark. The present number 
of members is one hundred and twenty. 



566 



HISTOllY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Corinthian Lodge, No. 19, was instituted 
March 16, 1809, by the following; Grand Lodge 
Officers : J.aines A. Parsons, V. G. P. ; William H. 
Barton, G. C. ; Thomas G. Rowand, V. G. C. ; Ben- 
jamin C. Tatem, G. B. ; William R. Robinson, 
G. G. ; J. W. Cochran, G. I. S. ; Samuel I. Wood- 
ruff, 6. 0. S. ; William B. French, G. R. S. The 
officers for the term ending September 1, 1886, 
-were : P. C, Frank B. Sweeten ; C. C, Charles W. 
Leas ; V. C, J. G. Howard ; P., Benjamin D. 
Gardner ; K. of R. and S., Harry Fifield ; M. of F., 
Thomas A. Wood ; M. of E., Benjamin P. Sweeten ; 
M. at A., William W. Curry ; I. G., Howard Mc- 
Cormick ; O. G., C. C. Greeney. The number of 
members is eighty-seven ; the amount paid for re- 
lief, eight thousand seven hundred and forty-two 
dollars. Place of meeting, Morgan's Hall, Fourth 
and Market Streets, every Tuesday evening. 

Palestine Lodge, No. 1, I. O. Ladies of 
Pythias, was organized April 1, 1874. The fol- 
lowing were the first officers : P. W. C, Catharine 
Johnson ; F. C, Rebecca Adams ; Second C, 
Emma Johnson ; Scribe of R., Annie M. Quick ; 
Scribe of F., Sally Carty ; Bankress, Ruth A. Ross ; 
First Guide, Kate Hagerman ; Second Guide, 
Kizzie E. Sparks ; First M., Eliza J. Leibecke ; 
Second M., Emily Kelley ; Sentry of I. G., Mary 
L. Fields ; Sentry of 0. G., Margaret Doyle ; Ex., 
Mattie Gibbs ; Dv., Hannah Connelly. The pres- 
ent officers are : P. W. C, Elizabeth Eame*> ; F.C., 
Mary Winters; S. C, Ellen Biddle; S. R., Annie 
M. Quick ; S. F., Kizzie Sparks ; Bankress, Ruth 
A.Ross; F. Guide, Margaret Whittle; S. Guide, 
Elizabeth Casto; F. M., Rachel Piper; S. M., 
Elizabeth Lilly ; S. of I. G., Lizzie Eames ; S. of 
O. G., Lois Wriffiird ; Ex., Elizabeth Long; Dv., 
Elizabeth Cleaver; Guardsmen, first, Catharine 
Johnson ; second, Isabella Dobleman ; third, Mary 
E. Whirlow ; fourth, Margaret Davis ; fifth, Han- 
nah vSnyder; sixth, Emma Kessler. The number 
of members is sixty-five. Tlie evening of meet- 
ing is Wednesday and the place the Hall of the 
Mechanics, Fourth and Spruce Streets. 

improved order of red men. 
This order claims its origin as a patriotic asso- 
ciation under the title of Society of Red Men, 
composed of volunteers who were in garrison at 
Fort Mifflin, on the Delaware River, opposite Red 
Bank, in IKlii. It is a fraternal and benevolent 
organization, with its ritual based ujjon the cus- 
toms of the North American Indians. The officers 
are known as Sachem, Sagamore and Prophet, and 
the members as warriors and braves, while the 
era dates from {\\r biiiding of ("(jIuiuIius, and tlicir 



time is divided into grand suns, moons, suns, runs 
and breaths. The subordinate body is called 
Tribe, that of the State, Great Council, and of 
the country. Great Council of the United States. 
The Great Council of New Jersey was instituted 
in Trenton, by Great Incohonee Robert Sullivan, 
there being at the time three tribes in the State — 
Arreseoh, No. 1 ; Lenni Lenape, No. 2; and Red 
Bird, No. 3. These were under its jurisdiction. 

Iroquois Degree Council, No. 3, was insti- 
tuted December 18, 1884, the Great Chiefs present 
being : G. P., Daniel M. Stevens ; G. S., Reuben L. 
Bowen ; G. J. S., Samuel L. Durand ; G. C. of R., 
John T. Davies ; G. K. of W., C. G. Zimmerman ; 
D. G. S., Leonard L. Roray. The first Chiefs were : 
P., David B. Petersen ; S., George W. Ewan ; S. S., 
J. C. Mason ; J. S., George Walters ; C. of R., D. 
C. Vannote; K. of W., Tobias Altman. The 
present Chiefs are : P., J. C. Mason ; Sachem, 
Frank Applegate ; S. S., Lemuel Pike ; J. S., Au- 
gustus Barto ; C. of R., F. H. Drake ; K. of W., 
Tobias Altman. The number of members is thirty- 
five. The council meets on the second and fourth 
Tuesdays of each month, at Broadway and Kaighn 
Avenue. 

Lenni Lenape Tribe, No. 2, is the oldest 
existing tribe of the order in the State, and in 
numbers and wealth the strongest and richest in 
the United States. It was instituted May 10, 1850, 
by Great Incohonee William B. Davis, assisted 
by Francis Fullerton, of Lenni Lenape Tribe, 
No. 3, of Pennsylvania, and Great Chief of Records 
of the United States. These were the charter 
members: Nathaniel Chew, William F. Colbert, 
John T. Davis, Timothy C. Moore, Sylvester 
Rainhard, Joseph Shipley, Daniel S. Garwood, 
William Beckett, George Wood, E. D. Brister, 
John Wood, Joseph Myers, Albert Robertson, 
John W. Hoey, James B. Richardson, Robert 
Maguire, Joseph B. Hawkins, James O. Stillwell 
and Anthony Joline. The officers were as follows : 
P., Timothy C. Moore ; S., Nathaniel Chew ; S. S., 
John Wood; J. S., William F. Colbert; C. of R., 
Joseph Myers ; K. of W., Albert Robertson. 

Lenni Lenape has had an eventful career, at 
times flourishing and at other times so short of 
funds that a few faithful members paid expenses 
and benefits out of their private purses, but per- 
sistence won at last and a flood tide of prosperity 
set in, which has continued until the Lenni 
Lenapes number seven hundred and thirty-two 
and the wam|)ura belt contains $21,370.89. 

Among its members are these Past Great Sachems : 
George W. Watson, John T. Davis, Charles H. 
Gorilon, Thonuis J. Francis and Daniel M. Stevens ; 



Till-: ("ITV OK CA.MKKN, 



587 



iiml of its Pajtt Siichcms tlioso iire liviiifr: Tiiimlliy 
C Moore, Henry A. IJrever, I>i'wis Zeipler, Saimiel 
J. Feiiiier, lidwiird J. tSteer, William V. Farr, 
Samuel D. Watson, Deorge Ilornotr, Oeorjije A. 
Cairole, Tbonins J. Kowaiid, Samuel A. Owens, 
nenjuniin M. Brakcr, Lambert liiines, George 
PfeitJer, William Slieriilnn, Thomas F. Muckelson, 
llii|>e Sutton, James P. Jloore, D. D. Worts, 
Leonard Karay, Benjamin J. Priec, John A. Hall, 
I!. S. M. Branning, Abraham Davis, Harry li. 
(iarrison, Walter E. Garwood, George A. Kogers, 
William O. Davis, Frank P. Jackson, IL Frank 
Pettit, John A. Harbeson, John Quiek, Angus B. 
Cameron. Lewis Z. Noble, George Leathwhite, 
Conrad F. Austermuhl, John K. Seagrove, Charles 
L. Vansciver, Harry HolTuian, Harry B. Tyler, 
James H. Reeve and George W. Davis. The 
olfieers are: P., G. W. Davis ; 8., Edward Francis; 
S. S., Samuel Baker; J. S., Joseph Watson; C. of 
U., L. Z. Noble; K. of W., C. F. Austermuhl; 
Trustees, T. J. Fnineis, T. F. Muckelson, J. K. 
Keeve, L. L. Raray and H. F. Pettit. 

Ottawa Till BE, No. 15, was instituted in Wsisli- 
ington Hall, in the Wigwam of Lenni Lenape, 
June 2, 18tj8, by Great Sachem James A. Parsons, 
(i. S. S. ({. Charles H. Gordon; G.K. of W. Charles 
H. Chew and G. C. of R. John T. Davis, who ini- 
tiateil and installed the following : 

Samuel S. Radclitr, P. ; George \. Drie-sback, S. ; 
Andrew Snyder, S. S. ; Richard Elwell. J. R. ; 
E.lward L. Duffell, O. of R. ; Josej-h L. Bright, K. 
of W. ; James Smoker, Wm. Soper, Ristine Lippin- 
cott, Charles Watson, John Haverstick, Charles 
H. Jelfries, Charles H. Pugh, Thomius Piatt, 
Leonard Smith, Lsaac P.Stone, A. W. Hutchinson, 
Chas. A. Layer, E. W. N. Custus, Cliiux. Clenden- 
ing, George W. Myers, Thos. J. Sparks, John 
Crookshanks, Josinh Matlaek, Edward Reiishaw. 
Of the thirty-si.\ Pa.st Sachems, these are still 
members : Joseph L. Brigiit, John W. Matlaek, 
John Shelhorn, Thos. J. Sparks, Wm. H. Gill, 
Henry R. Snyder, George Roth, Edward C. Sparks, 
Frank H. Tiee, Lsmic Lippincott, George .\. Saund- 
ers, Elisha Chew, Ernest D. Chafey, Frederick 
Wahl, Wm. A. Aikens, Clark Osier, John Vox.,. It., 
Levi B. Randall, George W. Ewan, Wm. .J. Titus. 
There have been adopted into the Tribe nine 
hundred and ten pale-faces and the nicndiership 
numbers four hundred and forty-one. The aggre- 
gate income since the institution of the tribe has 
been #;}4,12(l.44, and the expenditures, $27,-l!l.''.M ; 
balance on hand and invested July 1, IS.stJ, $(;,- 
t;24.r,2. 

The otiicers are — Prophet, Wm. .1. Titus; .Sa- 
chem, Nelson Lyons; Senior Sagamore, John R. 



<iordon; Junicjr Sagamore, Frank II. Randall; 
Chief of Records, Joseph 1>. Bright; Keeper of 
Wampum, l,evi B. Randall; Assistant Chief of 
Records, Harry Sharp. 'I'hc meetings are now 
held in Central Hall on Tliurs<lay evenings. 

WyO-MIXh Tuihe, No. .05, wils instituted July 
S, 18.S0. The (ireat Chiefs present were Great 
Prophet, Wm. 1'. Hall; Great Sachem, James M. 
Smith; G. C. of R., John T. Davis. The first 
(.'hiefs of the tribe were Prophet, Josejdi IL Min- 
nett; Sachem, .Monzo Picking; Senior Sagamore, 
Chas. (i. Zimmerman ; Junior Sagamore, Wm. F. 
Propert ; C. of R., D. C. Vannote; K. of W., .Jos. 
B. Fox. The |)resent Chiefs — P., J. A. Dold;S., 
Henry C. B<.ddy ; .S. S., Wm. B. Bignell ; J. S., 
Wm. J. Boddy; C. of R., D. C. Vannote; K. of 
W., J. B. Fox. The number of members is one 
hundred and fifty-eight. The bulge meets Wednes- 
day evenings at Third and Market Streets. 

MiiTA.MoKA Tjuuk, No. 71, was instituted Juno 
4, 1884, with the following Great Chiefs present: 
G. P., Daniel M.Stevens; G. S., Reuben L. Bowen ; 
G. J. S., Samuel L. Durand; G. C. of R., John T. 
Davis ; G. K. of W., Charles G. Zimmernnin. The 
first Chiefs were — P., li^lgar Hardciistle; .S., Rich- 
ard T. Bender; S. .S., Joseph Rubicon ; J. .S., Wm. 
B. Reeves; C. of R., Rf.bert King, Jr.; K. of W.. 
John H. Daniels. The present Chiefs arc — P., 
Jos. C. Jetlries; S., Geo. Walters; S. S., Wm. H. 
Stone ; J. S., Geo. W. James; C. of R., Robt. King, 
Jr. ; K. of W., John H. Daniels. The number of 
members is one hundred anil thirty-one. Meetings 
are held Friday evenings at Broadway and Kaighn 
Avenue. 

Sloix TllIliE, No. 25, W!i8 instituted in Wildey 
Hall, March 2:J, 1871, by Great Sachem John E. 
Cheeseunin, with members of .Sioux Tribe, Phila- 
<lelpliia, who j)reseDted them with a set of tonui- 
hawks, still in use. The odicers were: .S., Silas 
Letchford; S. S., John A. Parker; J. S., John 
Fox ; C. of N., F. W. Wilson ; K. of W., David C. 
Vannote; Prophet, Theodore L. Parker. The 
Past Sachems are Silas Letchford, James Brough- 
ton, Aaron Hand, Willianj T. Mears, William F. 
Ma.son, Samuel H. Deal, .Sr., .lohn H. Mason, W. 
E. Campbell, Charles H. Hagelman, Jlenry F. 
Snyder, George A. Fenncr, Isiuie King, Theodore 
L. I'arker, l)avid B. I'eterson, J<din B. Wright, 
William Hagelman, Jannv Barton, Etlward B. 
Chew, (ieorge W. K leaver, .f. P. 1{. Carney, .lames 
C. .MiLsnn, Edward A. Martin and .John Barrett. 

The otiicers for l.S.Sti are: S., James G. Smith ; .S. 
S., Franklin H. Drake; J.S., Daniel England; P., 
J. P. R. Carney; < '. of K.. John P. Wright; 
.Assistant C. of R., Davi'l It. PitcrxMi. The tribe 



568 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 



has a membership of two hundred and niuety-three, 
and a reserve fund of $455.76. 

daughters of the forest. 

Grand Council Improved Daughters of 
THE Forest.— The First Council Fire was on the 
Ninth Sun of the Traveling Moon, October, 1874. 
The officers for 1886 are: G. V. P., Mrs. Kate 
Tyler; G. N. I., Mrs. Mary A. F. Ward; G. W. I., 
Mrs. Mary M. Davis ; G. G. W., Mrs. Mary Cline; 
G. C. of R., Mrs. Cornelia Cox ; G. K. of W., Mrs. 
Hannah G. Ivins; G. G. of T., Mr.s. Stratton ; 
G. of F., Mrs. Mary E. Corcoran. Number of 
Grand Council members, one hundred and thirty. 

The Grand Council meets four times yearly at 
Wildey Hall. The number of subordinate tents 
is ten, as fellows : Cherokee Tent, No. 1 ; Lenni 
Lenape, No. 2; Morning Light, No. 3; Sioux, No. 
4; Ottawa, No. 8; Manumuskin, No. 11; Wyo- 
ming, No. 12 ; Delaware, No. 13; Tippecanoe, No. 
14 ; Osceola, No. 15. The total number of subor- 
dinate tent members is one thousand four hundred 
and twenty-four. 

Cherokee Tent, No. 1, was organized Janu- 
ary 18, 1858, at Fourth and Spruce Streets, the 
officers being: V. P., Rebecca Seagrave; N. I., 
Lena Leon; W. I., Alice Piper; G. W., Cecilia 
Hanley ; First Squaw, Abbie Doughty ; Second 
Squaw, Anna Smick; Third Squaw, Caroline Car- 
regan ; Fourth Squaw, Ro.sa Schregler; K. of T., 
Susan Weaver ; K. of F., Julia Coleman. Meet- 
ings are held Tuesday evenings, at the northeast 
corner of Third and Federal Streets. The mem- 
bers number eighty-two. 

Lenni Lenape Tent, No. 2, was organized as 
Chippewa Tent, No. 3, February 21, 1868, by 
Great Noble Incas Elizabeth Strumpfer and Great 
Chief of Records Mary A. Furter, assisted by the 
Great Council of Pennsylvania. Fifty-three, con- 
stituting the charter members, were initiated, and 
these officers installed : Noble Incas, Sarah Y. 
Winner ; Worthy Incas, Roselina E. Smith ; 
Prophetess, Rebecca M. Thompson ; Good Watcher, 
Hannah G. Ivans ; Chieftess of Records, Susannah 
Poole; Wampum Scribe, Cordelia Matlack; Worthy 
Keeper of Wampum, Margaret W. Boyd ; Squaws, 
Ruth A. Ross, Elizabeth North, Clara Muckelson, 
Mary M. Lindale; Keeper of the Tent, Margaretta 
Hampton ; Keeper of the Forest, Camilla Sloan. 

In September, 1868, the name was changed to 
Lenni Lenape Tent, No. 2, and the meeting-place 
afterwards changed to Wildey Hall. The tent has 
sixty-two past officers, three Past Grand Officers, 
and is working under the Great Council of New 
Jersey. The membership numbers eighty, and 



since 1869 one thousand eight hundred and ninety- 
six dollars has been paid for sickness, and five 
hundred and ninety-five dollars for funeral bene- 
fits ; since the formation t«o hundred and eighty- 
eight have been initiated. The wampum on hand 
amounts to one thousand dollars. The officers 
are: W. P., Roselina E. Smith; N. I., Emma A. 
Pierson ; W. I., Ketnrah Tenner ; G. W., Susan 
Sweeten ; C. of R., Rebecca M. Thompson ; W. S., 
Cordelia Matlack; W. K. of W., Margaret W. 
Boyd ; Squaws, Roxanna Severns, Ellen Walton, 
Maria Kerens and Elizabeth Campbell ; K. of T., 
Leonora Flowers ; K. of F., Rachel B. Stone. 

Sioux Tent, No. 4, was organized at Wildey 
Hall, the Twelfth Sun of Plant Moon, (April,) 
1872. The officers for 1886 are as follows: P., 
Hannah Shettinger; N, I., Rebecca Davis; W. I., 
Mary J. Vannote ; G. W., Sallie Thomas; G.ofC, 
Lizzie Olden; G. of W., Sarah Wiatt; C. of R., 
Mary E. Corcoran ; W. S., Katie Darnell ; K. of W., 
Sarah Letchford; First S., Virginia Ploetz; Second 
S., Virginia Gonardo ; Third S., H. Cavanal ; 
Fourth S., Lizzie Banes. Meetings are held every 
Tuesday evening at Mechanics' Hall, southwest 
corner of Fourth and Spruce Streets. The number 
of members is seventy-three. 

Ottawa Tent, No. 8, was organized January 12, 
1874, in Yeager's Hall. The Past Officers who 
are members of the Grand Tent of New Jersey 
number twenty-five, and among the members of 
Ottawa are two Past Grand Officers. The tent 
has prospered and has a membership of one hun- 
dred and forty-five, with twelve hundred dollars in 
the treai-ury or invested. The officers are : G. P., 
Mary Sutton ; A. I., Mattie Craig ; W. I., Sarah 
Oehrle ; G. W., Rose Prickett ; C. R., Lizzie Lilly ; 
W. S., Margaret Snyder ; K. W., Anna J. Wright ; 
Trustees, Levi B. Randall, William T. Mears, John 
Matlack. 

Wyoming Tent, No. 12, was instituted the 28th 
Sun of Flower Moon (IMay), 1880. The officers for 
1886 are : P., Cornelia Cox ; N. I., H. F. Steward ; 
W. I., Mary Houseman ; G.W., Henrietta Silance ; 

G. of F., TruUender; G. of T., C. A. Knight ; 

C. of R., Mary A. F. Ward; W. S.. Anna Nulli- 
ner ; K. of W., Annie Williams ; 1st Sq., Mrs. L. 
Broadwater; 2d Sq., Annie Steam; 3d Sq., Eliza 
Snow; 4th Sq., Maggie Stone. The number of 
members at present is fifty-five. Meetings are 
held every Wednesday evening at Mechanics' 
Hall. 

Tippecanoe Tent, No. 14, was instituted 9th Sun, 
Plant Moon (April), 1886. The following are the 
officers for 1886; P., Fannie Williams; N. L, 
Emma Morris; W. I., Amanda Hoe; G. W., Min- 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



569 



nie L. Wyle; C. of R., LydaA. Cathcart; W. S., 
Susanna L. Rupert ; K. of W., Susanna M. Ristine ; 
G. of F., Sadie Maieuibeck ; G. of T., Viola S. E. 
Marembeck ; 1st Sq., Annie Wilkinson; 2d Sq.i 
Ella M.Madison; 3d Sq., Minnie Madison; 4th 
Scj., Emma L. Hemmingway. Charter members ; 
Jane Madison, M. E. D. Morris, Kate Hunt. The 
tent meets every Friday evening at Wright's 
Hall, in Wrightsville. The number of members 
is thirty-two. 

KNIGHTS OF THE GOLDEN EAGLE. 

The Knights of the Golden Eagle is a secret 
benevolent institution, founded in Baltimore, Md., 
February 6, 1873, and is now in successful opera- 
tion in the States of Maryland, Pennsylvania, 
Massachusetts, Delaware, New Jersey, California, 
Ohio, New York, Iowa, Georgia, Connecticut, 
West Virginia, Indiana, Michigan, Missouri, Col- 
orado, Virginia, Illinois, Alabama and the District 
of Columbia. It is based upon the most liberal 
]irinciples consistent with future prosperity, and 
has for its motto, " Fidelity, Valor and Honor," a 
trinity of graces which are taught in its ritual. 

The order has for its main object the promo- 
tion of the princijjles of true benevolence, asso- 
ciating its members together for purposes of mu- 
tual relief against the trials and difficulties which 
attach to sickness, distress and death, so far as they 
may be mitigated by sympathy and pecuniary 
assistance. It studiously avoids all sectarian and 
political controversy, and aims to cultivate the so- 
cial, moral and intellectual feelings of its mem- 
bers, and to promote their welware in all the walks 
of life. 

The Order of the Knights of the Golden Eagle 
was introduced into the State of New Jersey in 
the summer of 1883, Camden Castle, No. 1, being 
instituted in August of that year with twenty-four 
members. During the year 1884 four new castles 
were instituted, at Millville, Camden, Mount Holly 
and Salem, respectively — the membership, at the 
close of the year, being five hundred and eighty- 
four. In 1886 the number of castles was increased 
to ten, with a membership of one thousand and 
one, and from January 1, 1886, to the present time 
thirteen new castles have been formed, and the 
membership increased to over two thousand. 

The Grand Castle of New Jersey was in- 
stituted July 16, 1884, the officers at institution 
being : Past Grand Chief, John P. Price ; Grand 
Chief, Joseph H.Minnett; Grand Vice-Chief, Wil- 
liam A. Garrison ; Grand Master of Records, Daniel 
M. Stevens ; Grand Keeper of Exchequer, P. P. 
Achenbach ; Grand Sir Herald, George J. Robert- 



son ; Grand High Priest, Henry F. Bacon ; Grand 
First Guardsman, S. Luther Richmond ; Grand 
Second Guardsman, George W. Stevens. 

The present officers are: Past Grand Chief, Wil- 
liam A. Garrison, Westville ; Grand Chief, Henry 
P. Bacon, Salem (P. O. Bo.x 200) ; Grand Vice- 
Chief, Irving W. Kelly, Perry and Montgomery 
Streets, Trenton; Grand Sir Herald, P. P. Achen- 
bach, 712 Carman Street, Camden ; Grand High 
Priest, John S. Broughton, Trenton ; Grand Mas- 
ter of Records, E. D. Senseman, 580 Clinton Street, 
Camden ; Grand Keeper of Exchequer, F. A. Buren, 
Merchantville; Grand First Guardsman, George 
Williams. Wrightsville; Grand Second Guards- 
man, William F, Perry, Quinton. 

The next annual session will be held in Camden- 
on the first Wednesday in March, 1887. 

Camden Castle, No. 1, was instituted August 
9, 1883, with the following officers: P. C, Joseph 
T. Fortiner; N. C, Charles Brown ; V. C, Joseph 
Rubicam ; H. P., John C. Newhouse ; V. H., Wat- 
son Stevens; K. of E., Charles Aston; C. of E., 
Herman Rosade ; M. of R., E. D. Senseman ; Sir 
H., Joseph C. Madara ; W. B., William B. Vanna- 
man; W. C, John J. Pierson, Jr. ; Ens., George 
A. Bingham ; Esq., William S. Caume ; 1st G., 
John J. Pierson, Sr. ; 2d G., Thomas T. Madara. 

The present officers are : P- C, Robert F. Stock- 
ton ; N. C, Birtus A. Wagner ; V. C, Edwin F. 
Jones ; H. P., William S. Carels ; V. H., George 
Cook ; M. of R., Howard M. Sexton ; C. of E., 
Herman Rosade ; K. of E., Charles Brown ; S. H., 
William P. Fowler. 

The lodge meets every Friday evening at Lin- 
coln Hall, Third and Market Streets. The mem- 
bership is three hundred and forty. 

Washington Castle, No. 3, was instituted 
April 4, 1884. The officers at institution were : 
P. C, John N. Madara; N. C, Daniel M. Stevens; 
V. C, H. Frank Pettit; V. H., Andrew G. Van- 
naman ; H. P., James H. Reeves ; K. of E., Elmer 
E. Cox; C. of E., Samuel A. Barto; M. of R., 
George W. Stevens ; Sir H., George S. Fox ; W. 
B., C. O. Pedrick; W. C, James Hoagland; En- 
sign, Lemuel Pike; Esq., James Hartley; 1st G., 
John Allen ; 2d G., W. B. Waters. 

The present officers are : P. C, Joseph W. Jack- 
son ; N. C, James Spence ; V. C, William B. 
Gibbs ; H. P., H. W. Howland ; V. H., John P. 
R. Carney ; M. of R., George W. Stevens ; C. of 
E., Charles Sayre ; K. of E., Elmer E. Cox ; S. H., 
William B. Slocum. 

The lodge meets every Friday night, at Wildcy 
Hall, Fifth and Pine Streets. The number of 
members is two hundred and thirty-three. 



570 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Red Cross Castle, No. 6, was instituted Jan- 
uary 2S, 1885, with the following officers: P. C. 
W. H. Tyler; N. C.,F. T. Steinbach ; H. P., Adam 
Hoffman ; V. H., Hiram Walton ; M. of R., Geo. 
S. Bundick; C. of E., Lsaac Buzby. 

The present officers are : P. C, Fred'k Fearn ; 
N. C, Adam Hoffman ; V. C, Joseph M. Taylor; 
H. P., E. O. Smith; M. of R., Walter Hart; C. 
of E., John Neff; K. of E., Moses Gour; S. H., D. 
Ewau. 

The lodge meets every Monday night, at Gour's 
Hall, 249 Kaighii Avenue. The number of mem- 
bers is seventy-five. 

White Ckcss Castle, No. 19, was instituted 
August 20, 1886, with the following officers: P. C, 
William H. Snyder; N. C, Richard Twelves; 
V. C, W. D. Reel; H. P., Morris E. Michel; 
V. H., Joseph Engard ; M- of R., W. H. Wagoner ; 
C. ofE., R. A. Cutwater; K. of E., Frank Mester; 
Sir H., George W. Reese ; W. B., E. W. Shallcross ; 
W. C, Harry E. Horner ; Ens., Morris Odell ; 
E-q., C. E. Swaney ; First Guard, W. H. Strang; 
Second Guard, C. E. Bowker. 

The lodge meets every Monday night at the 
northwest corner of Second and Federal Streets, 
Camden. The present membership is ninety. 

Monarch Castle, No. 9, was instituted No" 
vember 11, 1886, the officers at institution being: 
P. C, George L. Frazee ; N. C, Charles E. Lane J 
V. C, Samuel R. Murray ; H. P., N. N. Wentz ' 
V. H., J. K. Hibbs ; M. of R., Frank S. Fithian ' 
C. of E., Abram H. Allen ; K. of E , Thomas B. 
Woolston ; S. H., James Rudolph; W. B., Horace 
J. Parks; W. C, C. P. Baker; Ens., William H. 
Smith, Jr. ; Esq., George Ewan ; First Guard, 
Charles H. Savidge ; Second Guard, George Ewau. 

The present officers are P. C, John W. Mickle ; 
N. C, George C. Vankirk ; V. C, Edwin S. Titus; 
H. P., R. M. Coftman ; V. H., D. P. Steiner ; 
M. of R., E. D. Senseman; C. of E., Abram H. 
Allen; K. of E., Washington Bucknell;. Sir H., 
William M. Callingham; W. B., Charles Kain ; 
W. C, Theo. Austermuhl; Ens., William M. 
Strohl; Esq., John F. Wilkins ; First Guard, 
Jacob E. Miller; Second Guard, William P. 
Riker. 

Meetings are held every Wednesday night at 
the northwest corner of Fourth and Federal Streets. 
The present membership is one hundred and 
thirteen. 

ancient order of united workmen. 

The object of this order is to embrace and give 
equal protection to all classes and kinds of labor, 
mental and physical ; to strive earnestly to ini- 



Ijrove the moral, intellectual and social condition 
of its members ; to create a fund for the benefit of 
its members during sickness or other disability, 
and, in case of death, to pay a stipulated sum for 
each member, thus guaranteeing his family again.st 
want. Its jurisdictions are a Supreme Lodge, 
Gr.and and Subordinate Lodges. The Grand 
Lodge of Maryland, New Jersey and Delaware is 
thus officered: G. M. W., John J. Gallagher, of 
Wilmington, Del.; G. F., William H. Vermilye, 
Jersey City, N. J. ; G. O., James A. Vansant, 
Camden, N. J. ; G. G., John W. Diefendorf, Wil- 
aington, Del.; G. R., A. F. Colbert, Baltimore; 
G. Receiver, Myer Hirsch, Baltimore ; G. M. E., 
G. S. Wilkins, M.D., Baltimore. 

Camden Lodge, No. 1. was chartered January 
27, 1879, with these officers : Master Workman, 
Joseph R. Learning ; Foreman, Charles Markley ; 
Overseer, George W. Coles; Recorder, Harry 
Ladow; Financier, William Thegen ; Receiver, 
Albert P. Brown ; Guide, William P. Parten- 
hcimer; Inside Watchman, B. M. Denny ; Outside 
Watchman, William Jones ; Medical Examiner, 
H. Genet Taylor, M.D. These were also charter 
members, — Moore Beideman, Robert L. Barber, 
John F. Benner, De Witt C. France, Joel H. 
Evaul, Henry S. Fortiner, George R. Fortiner, 
Howard L. Gandy, Merritt Horner, William 
Struthers, Benjamin G. Smith, William H. Stans- 
bury, Marmaduke B. Taylor, Frank S. Wells, John 
S. Wells. The lodge has one hundred and forty- 
eight members, with these officers: P. M. W., J. 
C. Prickett; M. W., Virgil Willetts; F., J. H. 
Le Chard; 0., R. R. Lewellen ; R., W. R. Lun- 
drum ; Fin. Sec, Charles Markley ; Rec. Sec, John 
Woltjen; G., J. S. Pike ; I. W., John W. Clopper, 
Jr. ; O. W., J. H. Evaul ; Medical Examiner, E. R. 
Smiley, M.D. 

Fidelity Lodoe, No. 3, was instituted Febru- 
ary 12, 1880, with forty-three charter members. 
At the end of first year it had sixty-five members, 
and it now has three hundred and thirty-eight. 
It is the liirgest lodge in the jurisdiction, which 
comprises the States of Maryland, New Jersey, 
Delaware and Virginia. 

The first officers were : Master Workman, Wil- 
liam T. Brewer; Foreman, Isaac Shivers; Over- 
seer, David C. Brewer; Recorder, August F. Rich- 
ter; Financier, James F.Davis; Receiver, Thomas 
I. Gifford ; Guide, John E. Stratton ; Inside Watch- 
man, William H. Cattman; Outside Watchman, 
J. Alfred Allen ; Trustees, Merritt Horner, George 
H. Amon, Richard D. Sheldon ; Past Master 
Workman, Merritt Horner. 

The present officers are Past Master Workman. 



THE CITY OF CAMPEN. 



571 



Jacob S. Jones; Master Workman, Williiun C. 
Husted; Foreman, D. C. Vanote; Overseer, Wil- 
liam H. Collins ; Recorder, Merritt Horner; Finan- 
cier, N. C. Stowell ; Receiver, B. S. M. Branning; 
Guide, Joseph Ridgway ; Inside Watchman, L. C. 
Harris ; Outside Watchman, Robert D. Swain, Jr. ; 
Trustees, John Harris, C. H. Sayre, Jacob S. 
Jones. 

Provident Lodge, No. 4, was organized March 
11, 1880, with these charter members: Officers — 
P. W. M., B. F. Browning; W. M., Richard F. 
Smith ; F., Frank L. Vinton ; O., George B. 
Sellers; Fin., Charles J. Rainey; R., Irvine C. 
Beatty ; Rec, Goldson Test ; G., Alvah Bushnell ; 

I. W., C. S. Ball; O. W., Elvvood Davis; M. E., 
Dr. Alexander Marcy ; Trustees, Rufus Hill, J. C. 
Hires. Those otiiciating at the organization in 
Association Hall were Past Masters Marmaduke 

B. Taylor, Charles Markley, George W. Coles, 
William Thegcn, Harry Ladow, and others of 
Camden Lodge, No. 1. 

The Past Officers are: B. F. Browning, R. F. 
Smith, F. L. Vinton, G. B. Sellers, A. Bushnell, 

C. J.. Ball, Frank W. Tussey, E. Clark Yardlcy, 
J. E. Lippincott, Joseph A. Porter, G. Test, C. J. 
Rainey, I. C. Beatty, E. Davis, Harris Graflen, 
Charles H. Schitzler. 

The Present Officers are P. M. W., George C. 
Spooner; M. W., William J. Searle; Foreman, 
A. C. Smith ; O., John M. Eldridge ; Rec, G. Test; 
F., F. W. Tussey; G., C. A. Nicholson; I. W., 
K. McClung; O. W., G. W. Jackson; Trustees, 

II. Graflen, J. E. Lippincott, C. V. D. Joline. 
The lodge has three hundred and nine members. 

Entekprise Lodge, No. 12, was organized in 
Odd-Fellows' lodge-room, Morgan's Hall, January 
4, 1882, by George W. Coles and William Thegen, 
with these charter members : A. P. Brown, Wil- 
liam Thegen, George W. Coles, George W. Doak, 
John T. Harker, Onan B. Gross, George C. Ran- 
dall, John D. Kinsler, Frank P. Stoy, E. B. Slifer, 
Richard H. Brown, Jr., Lewis Simons, Thomas S. 
Hess, Jacob Schumacher, William T. Wentz, 
Henry E. Collins, Joseph Franklin, Alfred W. 
Test, Charles Hartzell, G. N. Buzby, Theo. B. 
Sage, Charles S. Gilbert, Ambrose R. Fish, James 
Watts, William A. Hamilton, William H. Swin- 
dell, Nathan F. Shinn, John Nulty, Samuel Rob- 
bins, Charles Bosch, C. Stanley French, H. B. 
F'owler, William J. Street, Robert H. Patton. 

The first officers were: P. M. W., William The- 
gen ; M. W., A. P. Brown ; Foreman, George W. 
Doak; Overseer, George C. Raridall ; Recorder, 
Franklin P. Stoy ; p^inancier, G. N. Buzby, 



Receiver, Samuel Rdhbins ; Medical E.xaminer, 
O. B. Gross, M.D. 

The Past Master Workmen arc George W. Coles, 
William Thegen, A. P. Brown, George W. Doak, 
William J. Bradley, P. A. Fowler, C. H. Fowler, 
Charles H. Barnard, G. N. Buzby, Dr. Onan B. 
Gross, Samuel Robbins, William T. Wentz. 

The officers for 1886 are P. M. W., William T. 
Wentz; R., George W. Doak; M. W., George W. 
Steed; Fin., William Thegen; F., R. H. Brown, 
Jr. ; Receiver, Samuel Robbins ; Overseer, H. B. 
Fowler; Medical Examiner, 0. B. Gross, M.D. 
The lodge has ninety members. 

order of united AMERICAN MEfllAXICS. 

The objects of this organization are: "To pre- 
serve our free Constitutional Government upon the 
basLs of justice and humanity toward every mem- 
ber of the community ; to encourage honesty, in- 
dustry and .sobriety ; and to establish a jiolicy 
which will insure to the industrious mechanic and 
business men a fair remuneration for their toil, and 
a respectable position in society. The members of 
the Order are pledged : to assist each other in ob- 
taining employment ; to encourage each other in 
business; to establish a sick and funeral fund ; to 
establish a fund for the relief of widows and or- 
])hans of deceased members; to aid members who 
may have become incapacitated from following 
their usual avocation in obtaining situations suit- 
able to their condition." 

The State Council of the Order of United 
American Mechanics has had its office of secretary 
located in Camden since 1865. Joseph H. Shinn 
has been re-elected annually to the office of State 
Council secretary since that year. The State 
Council of New Jersey received its charter from 
the National Council, dated January 5, 1847, and 
was incorporated by special act of the Legislature 
of New Jersey, approved by the Governor March 
7, 1871. 

The Slate Council has had a continued existence 
since it was chartered, holding semi-annual meet- 
ings for a number of years; by a change made in 
the constitution in the year 1877, the semi-annual 
meeting was dispensed with, making the annual 
meeting held in September the onlysession during 
the year. There are quite a number of citizens of 
Camden who have taken an active part in this 
State organization ; the following have filled the 
State Councilor's jiosition, or executive office of 
the order in the State : Joseph L. Bright, 1857 ; 
Jos. H. Shinn, 1863 ; Abner Sparks, 1865 ; Edward 
S.Andrews, 1866; Edward T. James, 1867 ; John 
S. Read, 1869; Jnlui J. Kaighn, 1871; Wm. D 



572 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Middleton, 187G ; Wm. Wiatt, 1882; Chas. S. Cot- 
ting, 1884, and Frank W. Armstrong, 1886. The 
officers elected September, 1886, and now in office, 
are — S. C, Frank W. Armstrong, of Camden ; S. 
V. C, Isaiah Van Horn, of Trenton ; S. C. Sec, 
Joseph H. Shinn, Camden; S. C. Treas., Abner 
Sparks, of Camden ; S. C. I., F. M. Hedden, East 
Orange ; S. C. E., B. F. McPeek, of Newark ; S. 
C. P., John Doremus, of Paterson. 

The re|)ort of the order in the State made at the 
annual session in the year 1886 shows the number 
of councils in the State to be 39 ; number of mem- 
bers, 8604; amount of money received during the 
year, $1.3,914,53 ; amount of money paid for relief, 
$9,683.80 ; balance in treasury and invested, .142,- 
669.82; balance in widows' and orphans' fund, $10,- 
950.7.'). 

There are five councils of the order located in 
Camden County, four in the city, to wit: Camden 
Council, No. 7 ; Morniug Star Council, No. 11; 
Evening Star Council, No. 19; United Council, No. 
20 ; Star of the Union Council, No. 72, at Glou- 
cester City. 

Camden Council, No. 7, was instituted July 
29, 1847, when John R. Thompson, William Rian- 
hardt, Robert P. Smith, Shelbourne S. Kennedy, 
David Surran, William P. Murphy, William C. 
Monroe, Charles M. Thompson, Johu S. Long, 
William A. Davis, Charles S. Sturgis, Wesley P. 
Murray and Richard Jones met in Starr's Hall, 
and were constituted as Camden Council, No. 7, 
by State Councilor James Cappuck and State 
Council Secretary George S. Willits. They soon 
removed to Bontemps' Hall, and many years after- 
ward to United Order of American Mechanics' 
Hall, where they now meet. Camden is the oldest 
council of the order in the city, and has exercised 
large influence in the State, furnishing, among 
many others, these State Councilors, — John S. 
Read, William D. Middleton and Edwin T. James. 
These are the officers: Junior Ex-Councilor, 
Edwin A. Stone ; Councilor, Thaddeus B. An- 
drews; Vice-Councilor, Joseph B. Elfreth; Re- 
cording Secretary, A. Benjamin Sparks ; Financial 
Secretary, Joseph L. Bright ; Treasurer, Abner 
Sparks ; Inductor, F. W. Armstrong ; Examiner, 
James H. Armington ; Inside Protector, MerritH. 
Pike ; Outside Protector, Ballinger Smick. 

Morning Star Council, No. 11, meets in 
American Mechanics' Hall, Fourth and Spruce 
Streets, on Monday evening. It was instituted 
March 19, 18G6. On June 30, 1886, the number of 
members was one hundred and five. The present 
officers are Councilor, H. M. Cox ; Vice-Council- 
or, Milton Crowell ; Recording Secretary, William 



H. Hutton ; Assistant Recording Secretary, Wm. 
Early ; Financial Secretary, George E. Hunsingcr ; 
Treasurer, Elmer Ford ; Trustees, William H. 
Hutton, Martin D. Fisher, John W. Darnell. 

Evening Star Council, No. 19, meets on 
Thursday evenings at the northeast corner of 
Broadway and Kaighn Avenue. It was instituted 
March 23, 1868, and reorganized September 15, 
1883. The number of members is sixty-three. 
The present officers are C, George B. Rugens ; 
V. C, Charles J. Brown ; R. S., J. D. Dudley 
(residence, 227 Benson Street); F. S., Charles 
Tucker; Treas., Jacob V. Scudder; E., Johu F. 
Reed; I., Lewis H. Powell ; I. P., Harry F. Bron- 
nin ; O. P., George W. Duncan. 

United Council, No. 20, was organized March 
20, 1868. On the 13th a meeting was held in Test's 
Hall, Second and Federal Streets, — William D. 
Middleton, chairman; Jacob R. Lipsett, secretary, 
and Joseph H. Shinn, treasurer, — at which it was 
resolved to form a council of the order, and, at an 
adjourned meeting, held on the 20th, these officers 
were elected, — Councilor, Thomas B. Painter; 
Vice-Councilor, Theodore Verlander; Recording 
Secretary, Jacob R. Lipsett; Assistant Recording 
Secretary, Joseph L. Mason ; Inductor, Thomas 
Gladden, Jr. ; Examiner, Belford Conover; Inside 
Inspector, Edward W. Githens ; Outside Inspector, 
Jacob P. Stone; Treasurer, Daniel B. Shaw; 
Financial Secretary, Job Bishop ; Trustees, T. 
Verlander, Richard W. Stiles and Daniel L. Pier- 
son. Besides the above, these were charter mem- 
bers, — George W. Spence, B. H. Mathis, George 
L. Aikins, George W. Myers, William H. Bassett, 
John H. Lawrence, Michael Peterson, Jonathan 
High. H. W. Hill, Thomas Gladden, Sr., Matthew 
Miskelly, John Githens, Redman H. Pierson, 
Henry B. Cheeseman, J. Fredericks, Jacob M. 
Vannest, Benjamin A. Stone. On the 25th of 
March, John S. Read, assisted by William D. 
Middleton, Edward T. James and Joseph H. 
Shinn, secretary of the State Council, with mem- 
bers of No. 7, the applicants were initiated, the 
officers installed and the council organized for 
work. These have served as Councilors: Thomas 
B. Painter, Theodore Verlander, Joseph L. Mason, 
Thomas Gladden, Jr., Joseph H. Shinn, Jacob P. 
Stone, 0. M. Oliver, Inman Laning, John M. 
Gladden, Edward S. Apgar, Charles S. Cotting, 
Richard W. Stiles, Emmor Applegate, Ellis H. 
Matlack, Edward Dalley, Nathan C. Stowell, 
Jacob Van Culin, Townsend Phiifer, George W. 
Myers, Hiram Green, Charles H. Cook, William 
H. Bassett, Isaac T. Woodrow, Jacob T. Fredericks, 
Stephen Sarish, Michael Peterson, Thomas Haines, 



THE CITY OF CAMDExN. 



573 



Thomas Gladden, Sr., F. M. Wright, George W. 
Fox, Montroville Shinu, Frank O. Rogers, Horace 
L. Githens, Richard W. Sharp, John G. Corey. 
Charles S. Cotting and Joseph H. Shinu are Past 
State Councilors, and the latter has been State 
Council Secretary for many years. The council 
has paid for benefits and relief of widows and 
orphans $8730. The membership numbers sixty- 
six, and funds amount to $I9::!(i. The present 
officers are C, John W. Truax ; V. C, A. S. Kille ; 
R. Sec, Mont. Shinn ; A. R. Sec, George Seeds ; 
F. Sec, Frederick L.Smith; Treas., Joseph H. 
Shinn ; Trustees, Richard W. Sharp, John G. 
Corey, H. McCormick. 

INDEPENDENT ORDER OF MECHANICS. 

New Jersey Lodge, No. 1, was organized May 
2, 18S2. The following are officers for 188(3 : W. 
M., Harry Fooley, J. M. Richard Heal ; Conductor, 
Ewing ; Financial Secretary, Frank Stein- 
back; Recording Seci'etary, Harry Bartling; and 
Treasurer, William J. Ross. The lodge meets 
every Thursday evening, at Wildey Hall. The 
number of members is three hundred and twenty. 

Enterprise Lodge, No. 3, was instituted Jan- 
uary 1, 1883, in Lincoln Hall, with these offi- 
cers : P. W. M., Ellis W. Woolverton ; W. M., John 
R. Grubb; J. 51., Charles L. Bennett; S., Solon 
R. Hankinson ; F. S., Jacob F. Morton ; T., George 
E. Boyer. The charter members were Ellis W. 
Woolverton, Charles L. Bennett, George E. Boyer, 
Edward S. Andrews, J. Harrison Lupton, Baxter 
Howe, H. C. Thoman, J. S. Casto, George W. 
Wood, J. P. Becket, Samuel Pine, J. L. Fields, O. 
K. Lockhart, Thomas Taunier,S. W. Gah.an, C. T. 
Green, Jacob Garst, Charles W. Keen, A. D. 
Higbfield, H. S. Casto, Charles Walton, William 
C. Reeves, John R. Grubb, Solon R. Hankinson, 
William A. Holland, Daniel Nelson, Jacob F. 
Morton, James M. Way, Joseph B. Wakemau, 
Charles Mason, E. Haydeu, R. J. Long, William 
Thompson, Stacy Nevins, John Sheldon, George 
Rianhard, Charles B. Fithian, John W. Garwood, 
William H. Sommers, Isaac Budd, Harris A. 
Glover, C. M. Limroth, Charles Reeves, Benjamin 
H. Connelly and Fi-ankliu Hewitt. The lodge meets 
Friday evenings, in Association Hall, Third and 
Market ; has one hundred and ninety-seven mem- 
bers, with a reserve fund of nine hundred dollars. 
Its Past Masters are E. W. Woolverton, J. R. 
Grubb, C. L. Bennett, S R. Hankinson, G. E. 
Boyer, W. A. Hallam, E. S. Andrews, J. H. Lup- 
ton, J. F.Morton, Baxter Howe, J. E. Way, S. C. 
Hankinson, W. J. Bruehl, E. U. West," H. L. 
Sanders, Frank Hewitt, (t. W. Willitsand William 



Dougherty. The present officers arc : S. J\I., Wil- 
liam Dougherty ; W. M., Lewis McDowell ; J. M., 
Frederick Bechtell ; S., James M. Way; F. S., 
Daniel Whitteoar ; T., Thomas Hines. 

Germania Lodge, No. 7, meets in Iixlepend- 
ence Hall, where it was organized March 21, 18X4, 
by Grand Architect Ellis W. Woolverton, assisted 
by Grand Secretary William A. Holland, who 
initiated these charter members: Louis Ballinger, 
Henry Yungling, John Pfeiffer, Frederick lloedel, 
Gottleib Hess, AlexanderSchlesinger, John Pfeilter, 
Jr., Charles Tietz, Christian Rehni, Lewis Yeager 
and Charles Schnabel, and installed these offi- 
cers : S. M., Charles Ulbrich ; W. M., Bernhart 
Boehm ; J. M., August Tegmier; R. S., Frank 
Relim ; F. S., Emil Bruetsch ; T., .lohn G. vSchram ; 
Con., Henry Sand ; Cap., Charles Peters. The 
Past Officers are Charles Ulbrich, Henry Sand, 
August Tegmier and Paul Ebner, and the officers 
for 1886: S. M., Gottleib Hess; W. M., Lewis 
Yeager; J. M., August Vogel ; R. S., Henry 
Rothe ; F. S., Paul Ebner ; T., Charles Peters ; 
Con., Christian Klein; Chap., Christopher Theile- 
mann ; Trustees, Lewis Yeager, August Vogel 
aud Christian Klein. The lodge numbers three 
hundred and twenty members and its reserve funds 
amount to three hundred and twenty dollars. 

Excelsior Lodge, No. 9, was organized in 
Lincoln Hall, August 22, 1884, by Grand Officers 
Ellis 'W. Woolverton and Joseph Louder, assisted 
by members of Enterprise Lodge, No. 3, when 
these were initiated : Roberts. Bender, George M. 
Wolfe, William Shutt, John N. Noll, Edward 
Shuster, John Folwell, Sr., Amos Carrow, Albert 
Shinn, Jacob Green, Phineas Ash, William Fisher, 
Bowman Marshall, Edward L. Countiss, William 
S. Wolfe, Abraham Foust, Robert M. Laconey, 
Benjamin H. Thomas, Thomas Hickman, Edgar 
B. Slifer, Robert N. Bellevow, John Owens, Rob- 
ert Gibberson, George Smith, Frank Marshall and 
Harry W. Sutton. The officers chosen were: 
S. M., Robert S. Bender ; Treasurer, John N. Noll ; 
W. M., William S. Wolfe ; R. S., Abraham Foust ; 
J. M., Edward Shuster; F. S., Robert M. Laconey. 
The lodge has prospered and now numbers three 
hundred and fifteen members, with assets amount- 
ing to seven hundred and twenty -three dollars. 
The meeting-place has been changed to Independ- 
ence Hall, Fourth and Pine Streets. The Past 
Worthy Ma.sters are Robert S. Bender, William S. 
Wolfe, George M. Wolfe, Leonhard Boehm, Thomas 
Locke, William Bell and David Ewan. The offi- 
cers for 188G are : W. M., Thomas Ainsley ; V. S., 
George M.Wolfe; S. M., .Tames Carnan ; 'J'reas- 
urer, John N. Noll; J. M., David Ewan ; Cha|.., 



574 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Edgar Slifer; E. S., Abraham Foust ; Con , Frank 
Seeds. 

BROTHERHOOD OF THE UNION. 

This order was organized in Phihidrlphia, by 
George Lippard, in 1846. The principles teach 
the ])aternity of God, the fraternity of man, that 
every man has a right to a home and to the full 
fruits of his toil ; that monopoly in land should 
be prevented and the public domain given to 
landless settlers. It is patriotic in its aims, and 
pledges its members to uphold the American Union 
and the dignity of labor. The present Supreme 
Washington is James E. Russell, of New Jersey, 
and the Grand Chief Washington of New Jersey 
is John M. Clayton, of Camden. 

The divisions are Circles, Grand Circles and a 
Supreme Circle, with similar divisions of the 
Home Communion, the women's branch of the 
order. There are in Camden three Circles and 
two Home Communions. 

WiTHERspooN Circle, No. 1, which meets in 
Wildey Hall, was instituted April 23, 1849, George 
Lippard officiating, these being the initiates: 
George L. Toy, Joshua W. Roberts, Philip H. Mul- 
ford, Henry Belsterling, Edward N. Daugherty, 
Henry Copeland, Joseph L. Wright, William R. 
Maxwell, David Mills, Michael Seibenlist, Isaac 
Rawn and Ballenger Smith. These members of 
Witherspoon Circle have been Supreme Washing- 
ton : George L. Toy, Henry L. Bonsall, William 
J. Maguire and James E. Russell. The G. E. W.'s 
are Edward N. Daugherty, Benjamin M. Braker, 
Henry Bradshaw, Earned Smith, Francis Warren, 
Isaac Warr and George W. Fenner. Exalted 
Washingtons: Andrew R. Ackley, Josiah Bozarth, 
A. E. Atkinson, Charles Deith. E. W. Jones, Albert 
V. Mills, Absalom Jordan, Benjamin Smith, E.G. 
Hoefflich, George W. Fenner, Jr., ElisLa C. Smith, 
William S. McCabe and George L. Swyler. The 
officers for 1886 are: E. W., George L. Swyler ; 
H. S. K., James E. Russell ; C. W., William O. 
Engler; H. R., Frank Warren ; C. J., William H. 
Harris ; H. T., Harry Bradshaw ; C. F., William 
McAllister; H. H,, William B. Bergnell. The 
membership is one hundred and nineteen, with 
seven hundred dollars in funds. 

Welcome Circle, No. 3, which meets in Cen- 
tral Hall, was instituted December 31, 1869, by D. 
S. W. Archibald Cochran, who installed these 
officers : E. W., Thomas Westphall ; H. S. K., W. 
Frank Gaul ; C. W., Benjamin H. Connolly ; H. 
T., John Reynolds ; C. J., Edward Furlong; \V. D., 
James G. Hyatt ; C. F., J. E. Atkinson; W. N., 
Edward Andrews. G. E. W.'s: James G. Hyatt, 
J. Harry Stiles, Joseph Dufour, Samuel W. Stivers, 



John McMichael and John H. Clayton. E. W.'s : 
Charles WriffiDrd, George S. West, William B. 
Jobes, Samuel McMichael, Benjamin Toy, John F. 
Harned, J. M. Adams, Samuel Dodd, Jr., Thomas 
Adams, John Dentist, John Hart, George Bag- 
hurst, Jr., George L. Knight and George A. Bag- 
hurst. The officers for 1886 are : E. W., George 
Walli.son; H. S. K., George S. West; C. W., 
Samuel J. Cook ; H. R., John F. Harned ; C. J., 
Charles H. Beck; H. T., Joseph Dufour; H. K., 
Charles Christman. The membership is one hun- 
dred and ninety-seven and the assets thirty-eight 
hundred dollars. 

Camden Circle, No. 13, meets in Wildey Hall 
and was instituted September 5, 1883, when G. C. 
W. E. F. Gilbert, assisted by G. C. J. Joseph 
Dufour, G. C. F. John H. Clayton and G. E. W. 
Frank Warren, installed these officers, — E. W., 
AVm. H. McFerran ; H. S. K., Wm. T. Mears ; C. W., 
Wm. Wiatt ; H. R., Joseph Marple ; C. J., Henry 

F. Armour; H. T., Josiah Jones. 

The E. W.'s are— Wm. H. McFerran, Isaac L. 
Chew, Wm. Wiatt, Weaver Godfrey, L. E. Shep- 
pard, Wesley J. Hawk, Wm. T. Mears. 

The officers for 1886 are— E. W., Charles H. 
Jenness; C. F., Wm. D. Green; C. W., G. F. L. 
Mears ; H. S. K., Wm. T. Mears ; C. J., George M. 
Bacon ; H. R., Wm. H. McFerran ; H. T., Alex. 
Wood. 

Lydia Darrah Home Communion, No. 1, 
meets in Mechanics' Hall, Fourth and Spruce, and 
was instituted by S. W. George L. Toy, in Inde- 
pendence Hall, Fourth and Pine, May 12, 1867, 
when these officers were installed : G., Benj. M. 
Braker; H. S. K., Wm. J. Maguire; P., Hannah 

G. Ivins; H. R., Sarah T. Winner; H. T., Philip 
Beaber. The Past Grand Guardians are : Hannah 
G. Ivins, Susanna Quinn and Elizabeth Portz, and 
the Past Guardians : Margaret Boyd, Margaret 
Caperoon, Mary E. Sloan, Missouri Pierce, Ruth 
A. Ross, Josiah Bozarth, Emma Knipe, Margaret 
Deeth, Augusta Oeherle, Sarah Kirby, Rachel B. 
Stone, Elizabeth Eames, Annie Curtis, Lizzie 
Fames, Annie M. Quick, Mary M. Davis, Rachel 
Stephen, Benj. Smith, Isaac Warr, Emily Weldey, 
Elizabeth Cleaver, Elizabeth Strieker, Samuel W. 
Stivers, Keturah Tenner, Sarah Wiatt, Eliza J. 
Leibach, Elizabeth C. Butler, Margaret A. Davis, 
Mary Ore, Julia Coleman, Sallie Tracy, Emma J. 
Doyle. 

The Home has had a useful life, and after as- 
sisting many has eight hundred dollars invested, 
with a membership of eighty-one. The officers 
for ] 886 are : P. G., Mary Ore ; G., Rachel Stephen ; 
Pro., Benjamin Smith; Prophet, Maggie Cape- 



THE CITY OF CAMDKN. 



rooii ; Prophetess, Emily Weldey ; Priest, Mary J. 
Cooper; Priestess, Eniiua J. Doyle; H. S. K., 
Annie M. Quick ; H. P., Riuliel P. Stone ; H. T., 
Elizabeth Cleaver ; W. D.. (^hira Davis ; W. N., 
Emma Horneff. 

Good Samaritan Home Communion, No. 2, 
was instituted January 3, 1873, by Acting S. W. 
James W. Rusling, when these officers were in- 
stalled: P.O., James G.Hyatt; G, Wm.C. Figner; 
P., Catharine Cadwell ; Priestess, Patience A. Holt ; 
Priest, James A. Paul ; Prophetess, Mary A. 
Merkle ; Prophet, James E. Russell ; S. K.. Edward 
Lewis; E., Hester A. Myers; T., Elizabeth Hyatt. 

These are the Past Guardians: James G. Hyatt, 
Annie C. Stiles, Margaret C. Hall, Annie E. 
Smick, Mary West, Lydia Crane, Wm. Cadwell 
Mary Baghurst, Joseph Pufour, Catharine Cad- 
well, J. Harry Stiles, Alice Piper, Clara Bowers, 
Matilda Jacobs, Annie Fries, Cecelia Reeves, Jas. 

E. Ru^isell, George S. West, Mary A. Merkle, Mary 
Evans. 

The officers for 1886 are: P. G., Annie Hilliker; 
G., Alice Piper ; Pro., Annie Dedicate; Prophet, 
Wm. Cadwell; Prophetess, Annie C. Stiles; Priest, 
Mary Mowery ; Priestess, Virginia Mowery ; S. K., 
J. Harry Stiles ; R., George S. West : T., Mary E. 
Jlerkle ; W. D., Kate Green ; W. N., Kate A. Light- 
cap. 

The Past Grand Guardians are : James G. Hyatt, 
J. H. Stiles, James E. Russell, Annie C. Stiles, 
Annie E. Smick. 

Camden Circle, No. 13, was instituted Sep- 
tember 5, 1883, when Grand Chief Washington 
Charles Gilbert, assisted by G. C. J., Joseph Du- 
fnur ; G. C. F., John H. Clayton, James E. Russell, 
William J. Maguire, Frank Warren and other, 
members of Witherspoon Circle, initiated fifty-one 
charter member s and installed these officers : E. W., 
William H. McFerran ; C. F., Henry S. Armour ; 
C. W., William Wiatt ; H. S. K., Wm. T. Mears ; 
C. J., Jacob B. West; H. R., Joseph Marple ; H. 
Treasurer, Josiah Jones. The circle contains some 
earnest men and has had a vigorous growth. These 
are its Past Officers, or Exalted Washingtons: 
William H. McFerran, William Wiatt, Lucius E. 
Sheppard, Isaac L. Chew, Weaver Godfrey, Wes- 
ley L Hawk, Charles H. Jenness. 

The officers for 1886 are: E. W., Charles H. 
Jenness; C. F., William D- Green; C. W., George 

F. L. Mears; H. S. H., William T. Mears ; C. J., 
George M. Bacon ; H. R., William H. McFerran ; 
H. T., Alexander Hill; Trustees, W. L Hawk, 
Jacob Jordan, Joseph Marple, G. H. Spaulding, 
W. (xodfrey, H. J. Rarer. 



ORDER OF THE I l!OX HALE. 

This order was organized in the city of Indian- 
ajiolis in April, 1X81. It is a mutual insurance 
organization, as well as beneficial, and has had a 
rapid increase. It consists of supreme and subor- 
dinate branches, the first of the latter organized 
in Camden County. 

Local Branch, No. 21, was instituted August 
10, 1881, in Mann's Hall, on North Second Street, 
by Past Justice A. L. Curtis, with twenty charter 
members, and these officers : Past Justice, A. L. 
Curtis; Justice, James E. Leadley; Vice-Justice, 
Joseph C.Lee; Accountant, Thomas B. Reeves; 
Cashier, A. L. Curtis ; Medical E.f aniincr. Dr. E. 
M. Howard; Adjuster, Joseph S. Campbell ; Prel- 
ate, Lawrence Woodruti'; Herald, Charles D. 
Bowyer ; Watchman, Charles Reeves; Vidette, 
David Phillips; Trustees, Dr. E. M. Howard. Jo- 
seph C. Lee, Dr. S. G. Wallace. The branch has 
paid to thirty-six sick members and disabled mem- 
bers an aggregate of $3577.')(), and has a member- 
ship of one hundred and two- The meetings are 
held in Association Hall. 

The following have been Chief Justicesof Branch 
21 : 1882, S. G. Wallace ; 1883, Charles A. Hotch- 
kiss; 1884, Lawrence Woodruff; 1885, Robert J. 
Hill. 

The officers for 188(5 are as follows : C. J., John 
Cook ; V. J., Robert G. Hann ; A., William M. 
Souden ; C, Isaac R. Dukes ; A., llidgway Gaunt ; 
P., S. B. French; W., G. Burkhardt ; V., Joseph 
Springer ; M. E., E. M. Howard, M.D. ; Trustees, 
Laurence Woodruff, C. K. Jliddleton, Morris W. 
Hall. 

Local Branch, No. 145, meets in Wildey 
Hall, where it was organized, January 2(j, 1883, by 
Deputy Supreme Justice J. S- Dubois, who in- 
stalled these officers: C. J., William K. Piatt; 
V. J., Cliarles O. Pedrick ; Acct., C D. Ross; C, 
H. B. Phillips; A., George F. Archer; P., J. S. 
Bo wen. 

The charter members were : Charles H. Ellis, 
W. H. Branning, George A. Odling, James L. 
Bowen, J. S. Stone, E. A. Garrison, William K. 
Plait, C. O. Pedrick, C D. Ross. 

The Past Chief Justices are William K. Plait and 
George A. Aldrich. This branch has one hundred 
and eight members and has paid out one thousand 
eight hundred and fifty-five dollars, in sums rang- 
ing from ten dollars to two hundred dollars. The 
officers elected for 1886 were : C. J-, J. M. Driver ; 
V. J., William Y. Sloan ; Acct., Frank H. Bond ; 
C, W. P. Brown ; A., G. W. Custard ; P., Joseph 
E. Reed; H., Charles S. Hunter ; Trustees, John 
H. (Mavton, W. Y. Sloan, J. S. Mathis. 



57G 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Local Branch, No. 253, meets in Post 5 Hall 
and was instituted May 19, 1885. It has ninety- 
three members, and has paid to sick and disabled 
members, since its organization, eight hundred and 
eighty-five dollars, iu sums ranging from fifteen 
dollars to two hundred dollars. The officers are : 
Branch Deputy, J. Henry Hayes ; C. J., Job R. 
Cramer ; V. J., A. J. Milliette ; Acct., Nathan C. 
Stowell ; C, Frank W. Tussey. 

Local Branch, No. 348, which meets in Gour's 
Hall, was instituted April 20, 1886, with these 
officers: C. J., Benjamin H. Dillmore; V. J., How- 
ard J. Norwood ; Acct., George D. Dobbins ; C, 
Frederick B. Smith. It has forty-three members. 

BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS. 

Camden Division, No. 22, was organized Oc- 
tober 19, 1S65, and has at the present time (1886), 
eighty-four members in good standing. The 
division meets in Engineers' Hall, No. 139 Federal 
Street, every second and fourth Sundays at 1.30 
P.M. The following are the present officers: 
Lewis Elberson, C. E. ; W. Mitchell, F. E. ; T.W. 
Smith, F. A. E. ; A. D. Reynolds, S. A. E. ; T. 
Bodell, S. E. ; G. W. Baxter, T. A. E. ; J. D. Hus- 
ton, Guide ; J. S. Crispin, Chaplain; R. Gauntt, 
Sec'y Ins. ; T. W. Smith, Cor. Sec'y. ; T. W. 
Smith, Jour. Agt. 

brotherhood of locomotive firemen of 

north america. 
The local organization was instituted in 1873. 
The officers for 1886 are: Master, W. Higgins; 
Vice-Master, W. Fort; Corresponding Secretary 
H. Harris ; Treasurer, J. Gibbs. The number of 
members is one hundred and thirty. Meetings are 
held at Sinfelder's Hall the first and third Sundays 
in each month. 

LADIES OF FRIENDSHIP. 

The Grand Lodge was organized in July, 
1884. The officers for 1886 are as follows: P. G. C., 
Hannah G. Ivins; P. G. W. S., Mary A. F. Ward; 
G. W. S., Mary T. Ore; G. J. S., Emma Ivins; 
G. R. S., Mattie B. Garrison ; G. Treas., Elizabeth 
Day; G. C, Mary Cline ; G. A.C., Emeline Howe; 
G. W. R. S., Mollie McMullen ; G. W. L. S., Ellen 
Walton ; G. I. S., Beulah Murphy ; G. O. S., Sarah 
Rickards. There are three subordinate lodges 
under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge, viz. : 
New Jersey Lodge, No. 1 ; Millville Lodge, No. 2 ; 
and Camden Lodge, No. 3. 

New Jersey Lodge, No. 1., was organized May 
25, 1883. The present officers are : W. S., Hannah 
S. Steward ; J. S., Georgiana Lane ; C, Mary Jane 
Ball ; A. C, Sarah B. McCloskey ; R. C, Mattie 



B. Garrison ; F. S., Mary T. Ore; Treasurer, Eliza- 
beth Day ; R. S. of W. S., Sarah O. Hearle; L. S. 
of W. S., Roxana Severn ; E. S. of J. S., Anna R. 
Goodwin ; L. S. of J. S., Ellen Gleason ; I. S., 
Hannah Streeper ; O. S., Anna J. Wright ; Chap- 
lain, Rebecca Noll; P. W. S., Rebecca Seagraves. 
The number of members is one hundred and 
thirty-one. The lodge meets in Mechanics' Hall, 
southwest corner of Fourth and Spruce Streets, on 
Monday evenings. 

Camden Lodge, No. 3, was instituted July lOi 
1884, at Jackson's Hall. The officers for 1886"are : 
W. S., Sarah P. Bady; J. S., Drusilla Vincent; 

C, Mary Buzby; A. C, Ellen Reed; R. S., Cor- 
nelia Cox; F. Secretary, Judith Giberson ; Treas- 
urer, Sarah Rickards; W. R. A., Rose Shroegler; 
W. L. A., Sallie Mellville; J. R. A., Mary Thomp- 
son ; J. L. A., Leonora Flowers ; O. G., Elizabeth 
Butler ; I. G., Mary Shannon. The lodge meets 
every Friday evening at Jackson's Hall, corner 
Fourth and Federal Streets. The number of mem- 
bers is sixty-three. 

sons of ST. GEORGE. 

This order originated in the Pennsylvania coal 
regions, during the prevalence of the "Molly 
McGuires," and for the protection of Englishmen 
who were obnoxious to that organization. The 
order has spread, and numbers two hundred and 
fifty lodges and thirty thousand members, who 
are obligated to assist each other and become 
good citizens of their adopted country ; to be a 
member, it is necessary to be an Englishman, or 
the son or grandson of one. 

Albion Lodge, No. 22, was organized Novem- 
ber 25, 1880, in Broadway Hall, with these mem- 
bers: John B. Horsfall, James Wright, N. F. 
Tomlin, S. M. Lavitt, F. Bailey, H. Pearce, Thos. 
Mason, J. Savage, Joseph Crompton, Turner Berry, 
Edward Hand, Charles Drew, George Goldthorpe, 
William Saunders, William Easterbrook, Abraham 
Bradshaw, W. Goodhall, W. Metcalf, A. M. Lovitti 
John W. Brooks, H. T. Williams, Charles Palmer, 
C. F. Simpson, J. Plant, John Taylor, N. Wood- 
head, E. J. Bolton, Joseph Pallitt, Thos. Mitchell, 
James W. Brooks, T. Adams, George Brain, Thos- 
Sothern and Albion Craven. The first officers 
were : President, Thomas Adams ■ Vice-President, 
J. W. Brooks ; Secretary, J. Claridge ; Assistant 
Secretary, H. T. Williams; Treasurer, J. B. Hors- 
fall. The ex-Presidents are John B. Horsfall, J. 
W. Brooks, N. T. Tomlin, Joseph Wright, Thomas 
Wright, Thomas Mason, C. F. Simpson, H. T. 
Williams, Edward Hand, J. Bowers, W. Saunders, 
Charles Reeves, Joseph Plant, Benjamin Allen, E. 



THE CITY OF CAJIDEN. 



577 



J. Bolton, Joseph Claridge, H. Pearce and Abel 
Battonis. 

The lodge has prospered, has one hundred and 
seventy-five members and five thousand dollars in- 
vested. It meets in Independence Hall on Mon- 
day evenings, with these oftieers : P., George Gold- 
thorpe; V. P., John Taylor; S., E. J. Bolton ; T., 
J. B. Horsfall; M., John Roberts; Chaplain, W. 
Saunders; Trustees, John W. Brooks, John Rob- 
erts and J. Bovvers. 

SEVEN WISE MEN. 

Kearney Conclave, No. 1, Heptasophs (or 
Seven Wise Men), was organized in Test's Ilall, 
October 15, 1869, when George P. Oliver, of 
Maryland, Supreme Chancellor; Dr. G. Jennings, 
Supreme E])bor, of Pennsylvania, and others, ini- 
tiated and installed these members and oflicers: A., 
Harry H. Franks; C, S. C. Hankinson ; Pro., 
Charles H. Cook; R. S., Theodore F. Higbee; 
F. S., Charles M. Baldwin ; T., D. W. Neall ; 
I. G., James E. Carter; H., Caleb H. Taylor; W., 
David B. Sparks; S., Wm. Acton ; Wm. Higbee, 
Wm. Darby, Henry Hollis, Frank Rawlings, 
Samuel K. Batchelor, Isaiah Morton, John D. 
Mahoney, Samuel Pine, George Parson, Benjamin 
F. Richards, George W. Williams, Absalom 
Dougherty, Henry Rhinehart, Wm. H. McKee, 
S. R. Hankinson, John Laning, Richard Bozarth, 
Alexander Simpson, Nathan Jacobs and William 
Middlelon. The Conclave has paid out for bene- 
fits about seven thousand dollars. The member- 
ship is ninety-seven, and the meetings are held in 
Independence Hall. The officers are: A., .1. A. 
Ross; Pro., John W. Lamb; Pre., William A. 
Rudderow ; I. G., J. S. Casto ; H., Frederick 
Morschauser; W., Joel H. Stowe; R. S., Samuel 
C. Hankinson ; F. S., George E. Boyer; T., Daniel 
W. Ncall. George E. Boyer, of this Conclave, is 
now the Supreme Chancellor of the order. 

temperance societies. 
Camden Division, No. 14, Sons or Temper- 
ance, was organized February 12, 18G9, with these 
charter members: Edward Andrews, Henry Mc- 
Fadden, Joseph B. Connelly, Benjamin H. Con- 
nelly, J. E. Atkinson, Barton Lowe, John S. Mc- 
Clintock, Joseph Sickler, Thomas Hillet, William 
Heisler, .lohn B. Thompson, Silas H. Quint, 
Hampton Williams, John Reynolds, Louis Hend- 
rickson, William Quinn. The division meets in 
Sensfelder's Hall, with a membership of ninety- 
three, and a reserve fund of six hundred dollars. 
The present oflicers are: Worthy Patriarch, George 
Amer ; Worthy Associate, Mary Burling; Record- 
ing Scribe, Emily Daugherty ; Financial Scrilie, 



Edward Daugherty; Treasurer, Charles Hoddy ; 
Chaplain, Eugene 'I'lirner; ('., Julia Bartin; A.C., 
Mary Dodd; Trustees, E. N. Daugherty, David 
Surran and Charles IJoddy. 'I'he I'ast Worthy 
Patriarchs are David Surran, Emma Schmilz, Wm. 
Cadwell, Etta Boddy, Julia Bartin, Charles Bartin, 
Charles Boddy, Lane .AFills, E. N. Daugherty and 
Eugene Turner. 

Ark of Safety LoixiE, No. 25, Independent 
Order of Good Templars, was organized in the 
Mission School-house, Chestnut and Ann, Febru- 
ary 26, 1868, by G. W. E. T.. Anthony J. Gould, 

D. D. G. W. E., Barton Low, Charles Reed, A. C. 
Jack.son and other Grand Officers. It was the first 
colored lodge of the order, and these were the offi- 
cers : Worthy Chief Templar,, Philip T. Colding; 
W. V. T., Mary Ann Peterson ; W. C, William H. 
Bell; W. S., .John O. B. Harris; W. A. S., James 

E. B. Peter>on; W. F. S., Jacob T. Derrickson; 
W. T., Jeremiah Watkins; W. M., Isaac Rogers; 
W. D. M., Eliza Fountain ; W. I. G., Mary Gray; 
W. O. G., Robert Pennington ; W. N. H. S., Wm. 
H. Gumby ; W. L. H. S., Anna J. Watkins. 

The Reformed Men's Home is on Chestnut 
above Second Street. In 1879 Isaac S. Peacock, 
Nathaniel P. Marvel, Benjamin M. Braker, Fran- 
cis Hughes, John McKenna, Count D. G. Hogan 
and William R. Cory, members of the Men's Chris- 
tian Temperance Union, meeting in Dispensary 
Hall, conceived the project of establishing Sunday 
breakfasts at Kaighns Point, and endeavoring to 
lead the intemperate to habits of sobriety. B. M. 
Braker, M. P. Marvel and Francis Hughes were 
appointed a committee to make the arrangements, 
and on the first Sunday in .June the first breakfast 
was served in a room about twelve feet square. 

A permanent organization was effected and these 
oflicers elected : President, Benjamin M. Braker ; 
Vice-President, Robert M. Bingham ; Recording 
Secretary, Nathaniel P. Marvel ; Financial Secre- 
tary and Treasurer, William R. Cory ; Trustees, 
Samuel Sheer, John D. Leckner, Robert Magee, 
Francis Hughes, George Wilson. B. M. Braker, 
William R. Cory and F. Hughes were appointed a 
building committee, and leasing a lot on Kaighn 
Avenue above Second Street, appealed to the citi- 
zens of Camden, who responding liberally, a one- 
story frame, twenty by sixty feet, was built and 
furnished, and when it was dedicated, March 10, 
1880, it was free from debt. 

The lease expiring in 1885, ground was pur- 
chased on Chestnut Street above Second, and the 
Home moved upon it and renovated. It will seat 
two hundred and fifty persons. These have been 
the presidents of the society : Benjamin M. Braker, 



578 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Isaacs. Peacock, Edwin A. Allen, Robert M. Bing- 
ham, William Stout, John McKenna. 

The Camden Home fob Friendless Chil- 
dren is an institution located on Haddon Avenue, 
above Mount Vernon, the object and design of 
which is to afford a home, Ibod, clothing and 
schooling for destitute friendless children, and, at 
a suitable age, to place them with respectable 
families to learn some useful trade or occupation. 
The home was established and is conducted by a 
corporation. The charter, granted by the State 
Legislature, April 6, 1865, sets forth that " Whereas, 
a number of citizens of this State have formed an 
association for the laudable and benevolent pur- 
pose of educating and providing for friendless and 
destitute children ; , and whereas, the Legislature 
of this State is willing to encourage such purposes ; 
therefore. Be it enacted by the iSenate and General 
Assembly of the Slate of New Jersey, That Matthew 
Newkirk, Elijah G. Cattell, James H. Stevens, 
George W. N. Custis, J. Earl Atkinson, Joseph C. 
De L.i Cour, Joseph D. Reinboth, Robert B. Potts, 
Jesse W. Starr, Edmund E. Read, John R. Gra- 
ham, Benjamin H. Browning, Solomon M. Stim- 
son. Philander C. Brinck, John Aikman, Thomas 
P. Carpenter, Elisha V. Glover, Thomas B. Atkin- 
s )n, Isaac L. Lowe, Peter L. Voorhees, and their 
associates, be and they are hereby incorporated 
and made a body politic in law and fact, by the 
name, style and title of ' The Camden Home for 
Friendless Children.' " 

The present officers and board of managers are 
Charles Rboads, president; William Groves, treas- 
urer ; J. L. De La Cour, corresponding and record- 
ing secretary; H. Jeannette Taylor and Augustus 
Dobson, physicians; Samuel H. Grey, solicitor; 
Mrs. Butcher, matron. 

Board of Managers. — Miss E. L. Few Smith, 
Mrs. Jefferson Lewis, Mrs. William Groves, Mrs. 
E. V. Glover, Mrs. William Curtiss, Miss A. M. 
Robeson, Mrs. J. F. Starr, Sr., Mrs. H. B. Wilson, 
Mrs. Charles J. String, Mrs. J. Hugil, Miss E. F. 
Jennings, Mrs. E. H. Byran, Miss Kate Da Costa, 
Mrs. L. T. Derousse, Mrs. Joseph Elverson, Blrs. 
J. H. Townsend, Mrs. Joseph J. Read, Mrs. Joseph 
Watson, Mrs. William Davison, Mrs. Joseph M. 
Kaighn, Mrs. Charles Rhoads, Mrs. J. L. De La 
Cour, Mrs. E. E. F. Humphreys. 

MCSICAL ORGANIZATIONS. 

The Philharmonic Society. — In the early 
part of May, 1883, the Mendelssohn Singing So- 
ciety was organized in the lecture-room of the 
North Baptist Church, with Joshua Pfeifter, presi- 
dent; Fred. J. Paxon, secretary and treasurer; and 



P. G. Fithian, musical director. The chorus num- 
bered sixteen voices. They sang there until Decem- 
ber 20, 1883, when they were requested to assist in 
an oratorio to be given by the choir of the First 
Presbyterian Church, entitled "Daniel." At the 
close of the oratorio the chorus repaired to the 
chapel of the First Church. A meeting was or- 
ganized and presided over by Mr. Carlton M. Wil- 
liams, and it was decided to incorporate the organ- 
ization as a permanent society for the study of 
choral music. A committee of three, consisting of 
Professors Theo. T. Crane, P. G. Fithian and Dr. 
J. M. McGrath, were appointed to consider the 
advisability of such a plan, and to draft a consti- 
tution and by-laws. The committee called a 
meeting on January 29, 1884, which was held in 
North Baptist Church lecture-room, and Prof. P. 
G. Fithian was elected musical director, and Mrs. 
Abbic L. Price accompanist. At a directors' 
meeting, held February 8, 1883, Mr. 0. C. Molan 
was elected president and Mr. E. S.Titus secretary. 
On December 8, 1884, Mr. O. C. Molan resigned 
as president, and Mr. George W. Wentling, Jr., 
was elected in his place. 

The first concert of the society was given Thurs- 
day, February 19, 1885 ; the second, Thursday, May 
28, 1885 ; the third, Thursday, October 21^ 1885; 
the fourth, Thursday, May 4, 1886. The musical 
selections of the society are entirely classic, princi- 
pally from the oratorios of "Messiah," "Creation," 
and " Woman of Samaria," "Naaman," "Elijah" 
and "St. Paul." Among the members of the so- 
ciety who have taken prominent part in the concerts 
have been R. Zeckwer, piano; R. Herwig, celloist; 
M. Van Gelder, violin ; Emma Suelke and M. H. 
Elliott, soprano; Max Friedman, tenor; William 
Stobbe, xylophonist; E. M. Zimmerman, basso; 
Frank Cauffman, baritone; Thomas A'Beckett 
and Mr. Diederichs, accompanists. 

The officers at the meetings are George W. 
Wentling, Jr., president; C. K. Middleton, vice- 
president; Fred. J. Paxon, secretary; A. H. Mar- 
shall, treasurer ; Alfred Fricke, Calvin Crowell, 
Dr. J. M. McGrath, William J. Boynton, E. D. 
Barto, board of directors; Prof. P. G. Fithian, 
musical director ; Miss Schooley, accompanist. 
The chorus numbers sixty voices and meets every 
Monday evening at Post 37, G. A. R. Hall, Stevens 
Street, below Fifth Street. This is the only sing- 
ing society of mixed voices that has ever existed 
longer than one year in Camden, and is now one 
of the best in New Jersey. 

The National Cornet Band was organized 
in 1868, with Joseph Jennings as leader. In 1871 
the name was changed to the Sixth Regiment Band 




f^lftJ^ (Ty^^h^ 



i 





THE (!ITY OF CAMDEN. 



579 



and it was mustered into tlie service of tlie National 
Guard, and was the only regimental band in the 
State for years. Their present band-room is at 
the Sixth Kegiment Armory, southwest corner of 
AVest and Mickle Streets. The present members 
arc, Joseph Jennings, John Roth, Augusta Buese, 
Gordon Phillips, Lewis Seal, Charles Landwehr, 
Charles Felcon, John Brown, D. C. jSewmau Col- 
lins, Alfred Colbins, Charles Bowyer, Isaac Heins, 
Joseph Young, Richard Richardson, Benjamin A. 
Woolman, Harry Carles, Wm. Stevenson, Fred- 
erick Klaproth, Henry Myers, G. Philip Stephany 
Adam Markgraft, Charles Ellis, Emerson Ogborn, 
Charles Frost, Hiram Hirst. 

The Camden City Brass Band of 1886 is the 
Reliance Band of Camden under a new name. 
The Reliance was organized in February, 1886, 
uuderthe leadership of Joseph Conine. In March, 
by the resignation of Mr. Conine, W. J. Hopper 
became leader, and in October of the same year 
the name of the band was changed as above. The 
band has a membership of twenty, all of whom 
are Knights of the Golden Eagle, Camden Castle, 
No. 1. The band has regular engagements for all 
the Knight parades, also for Posts 37 and 5, (i. A. 
R., of Camden. The band headquarters are at the 
corner of Fifth and Roydon Streets. 

BIOOEAPIIICAL. 

William and Ed. Pkiest (father and son) first 
started business as general riggers and house- 
movers in 1881, with a rigging and block-shop at 
No. 415 Taylor Avenue. The firm take contracts 
for moving frame and brick buildings and heavy 
hoisting, and moving of boilers, smoke-stacks, 
monuments, etc. 

Jesse Middleton, log pump-maker, started the 
manufacture of old-style log pumps in 1SG5, atNo. 
513 Mount Vernon Street. These pumps are still 
in demand in the country, while in the towns the 
cucumber and iron pumps are largely used. At 
tlie shops of Mr. Middleton, where various kinds 
of pumps are sold, a large business has been built 
up. He is also engaged in sinking tubular wells, 
well-digging, etc. 

Benjamin M. Brakes was born October ^4, 
1820, in Bristol, England. His father, Benjamin 
Braker, was a minister in the Baptist Church and 
came to America in 1830, settling in Lambertville, 
N. J., and subsequently moved to Pennsylvania, 
where he died in 1848. Benjamin M. Braker ob- 
tained his education in the district schools, but 
even in his youth and since he grew to manhood 
has been a diligent reader and has thus acquired 
a vast I'und of information. 



In ISGl he was engaged upon the Philadrlphia 
Inquirer and Simday Transcript and has since made 
journalism his i)rincipal avocation. He edited the 
(ilouceskr Citij Reporter from 1882 to 1885 

In 1850 he married Miss Mary M. Wright and 
settled in Camden, where he has since remained, 
taking an active and intiuential jiart in public 
affai.'s. An advanced Liberal in politics, lie was a 
delegate to and secretary of the State Free-Soil 
Convention held at Trenton in 1852. He was one 
of the i)romoters of and speakers at tht< formation 
of the first Republican Club organized in Camden, 
April 12, 1854, and in 1856 was one of the [jrincipal 
organizers of that party in West Jersey and is still 
one of its |)roniineiit s]K-akers. In 1862 he was 
elected justice of the peace and has been re-elected 
four times since. In 1877 he was elected city recor- 
der^md re-elected 1880, '83 and '86. In 1884 he was 
elected to House of Assembly ; was a leading mem- 
ber, taking part in important debates ; was on the 
committee on education, municipal corporations 
and chairman of the committee on printing and 
on labor and industries. In the preparation of the 
history of the cities of Camden and Gloucester, as 
embraced in this volume, Mr. Braker rendered 
valuable assistance. 

Wilson Fitzgerald, one of the notably suc- 
cessful business men of Camden, began life as a 
poor boy. He was a son of George K. and Eliza- 
beth (Rees) Fitzgerald (married October 3, 1807, 
by Rev. Mr. Abercroraby, at St. Peter's Church, 
Philadelphia), and was born February 26, 1819, 
in the Northern Liberties, Philadelphia. When 
nine years of age his father died, and he, being 
obliged to make his own living, went upon a farm 
in Montgomery County, where he became inured 
to hard work and laid the foundation of a rugged 
constitution and those habits of industry and thrift 
which he has maintained throughout his life. He 
remained upon the farm until he was sixteen years 
old, and then, resolving to learn a trade, and 
choosing that which had been his father's, he en- 
tered as an apprentice the cooper-shop of Titus & 
Edwards, on Commerce Street, above Fifth, Phila- 
delphia. Here he worked for five years for his 
board and an allowance of twenty-five dollars 
per year for clothes. The youths of to-day would 
consider themselves very hardly used or abused 
had they to endure the rigid laws of labor which 
then prevailed. During the five years' apprentice- 
ship, which it was customary to serve in nearly all 
trades, the only holidays allowed were the Fourth 
of July and Christmas, and the iijiprentice boys 
were given on each of these occasions the sum of 
twenty-five cents for spending money. This was 



580 



HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



all the cash they received, and was prized accord- 
ingly. Their habits were of necessity frugal, and 
they were safe from many of the temptations to 
which the young men of to-day fall ready victims. 
After he had "served his time," young Fitzgerald 
went to work as a journeyman for John Edwards 
& Son, on Bank Street, working one year at six 
dollars per week, and then being made foreman of 
the shop, receiving seven dollars per week for the 
four subsequent years. He then determined to 
start in trade for himself, and opened a cooper- 
shop on Greenleaf Court (now Merchant Street), 
with a capital of two hundred dollars, which, by 
rigid economy, be had saved from his scanty earn- 
ings. After carrying on business, with a fair de- 
gree of success, for eleven years, he sold his shop 
to the man with whom he had learned his trade, 
and removed to Camden. This was in March, 1845, 
immediately after his marriage, to which we shall 
again advert. He bought projierty on Stevens 
Street, where he was in reality a pioneer, as that 
vicinity was then a common, showing no improve- 
ment except the little house which he built there 
ibr twelve hundred dollars. This became the 
home of Mr. Fitzgerald and his wife, and very 
proud indeed was the young man of the modest 
house which his labor and thrift had provided. 
He continued building in that neighborhood, as 
his means permitted, until no less than twenty-six 
houses had arisen in testimony to his enterprise, 
completely changing the aspect of that part of the 
town. When he first went to Camden he rented 
a house on Federal Street, above Second, and in it 
started what was probably the first green grocery 
and provision store in Camden. In 1856 he 
bought property at Beasley's Point, Cape May 
County, N. J., and for five years followed farming 
there, also carrying on, in the summer, a boarding- 
house. In IStil he sold this property and, return- 
ing to Camden, established himself in the grain, 
flour and feed business on Front Street, below 
Market, in the old Hollinshead Hotel building. 
This store was subsequently extended through to 
Market Street. Here Mr. Fitzgerald probably 
carried on the first wholesale flour business which 
was transacted in Camden. About 1871 he moved 
to his present place of business, Nos. 10 and 12 
Market Street, which building he erected. His 
son, John L., is associated with him, under the 
firm-name of Wilson Fitzgerald & Co., in the 
management of this house. They have a very ex- 
tensive trade in flour, feed, seeds and fertilizers. 
In connection with this business, Mr. Fitzgerald 
brought to the city the first salt that ever came 
here in bulk — a ship's cargo from Turk's Island. 



He was also instrumental in bringing about the 
system of delivering in Camden unbroken car- 
loads of produce and merchandise from the West, 
by which immense sums of money have been saved. 
He first, as an experiment, brought the cars from 
Trenton, and this led to, or rather forced, the 
adoption of the present plan of ferrying the cars 
across the river from Philadelphia, thus placing 
unbroken bulk freight at the doors of Camden's 
warehouses, mills and stores ; and that, too, when 
it is through billed, as cheaply as it can be deliv- 
ered in Philadelphia. In addition to his mercan- 
tile business, our subject carries on a large farm on 
the Delaware River, about midway between Wood- 
bury and Mantua Creek, and he has a house there 
as well as in the city. His has been a very active 
life, and his prosperity, well-deserved as it is, has 
followed as a logical result from his industry and 
integrity. Mr. Fitzgerald is a Republican, but not 
a politician. He has held a seat in the City Coun- 
cil for six years — three years representing the Mid- 
dle and three years the North Ward. 

On March 11, 1845, Mr. Fitzgerald was united 
in marriage with Joanna Colhouer. They have 
had seven children, five of whom are living. Eliz- 
abeth, born September 27, 1846, married Walker 
W. Chew; Anna, born September 0, 1849, is the 
wife of Louis T. Derousse ; Mary Emma, born 
February 18, 1852, died in infancy ; and Clara, born 
January 21, 1853, died in more advanced years ; 
Fannie Buckius, born Nov. 26, 1856, married J. E. 
Stockham ; John Lawrence, who is associated with 
his father in busine.ss, was born October 16, 1858, 
and married Miss Adele Annie Kite ; Wilson, the 
youngest of the family, born November 14, 1860, 
married Miss Amanda A. Smith, and resides in 
Camden, as do also the other children of Mr. and 
Mrs. Fitzgerald. 

Frank P. Middleton is the great-grandson 
of John and Sarah Middleton, and the grandson 
of Joseph Middleton, who married Anna, daughter 
of Levi and Elizabeth Ellis. To Joseph Middle- 
ton and his wife were born twelve children, — eight 
sons and four daughters, — of whom but two survive. 
Bowman H., a native of Haddonfield, N. J., and 
the fifth son, was born on the 19th of July, 1814, 
and spent his life in the county of his birth. He 
early became proficient in the trade of a cabinet- 
maker, subsequently removed to Camden and car- 
ried on the busine-ss of an undertaker until his 
death, in 1866. Though interested in public affairs, 
he did not aspire to office, his ambition being 
satisfied with the position of coroner, which he 
filled for some years. He married Elizabeth 
\'enablo, of Camden, N. J., whose children are 




6^e^/^ ^' ^/cu/^^^^&^^ 



THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 



581 



Frank P.,Josiah V., Anna (Mrs. English), Cniarles 
K. and Emily. Frank P., the subject of this bio- 
graphical sketch, was born May 6, 1837, in Marl- 
tou, Burlington County, N. J., and at an early age 
removed with his parents to Camden. His educa- 
tional advantages were such as the country af- 
forded, supplemented by more thorough training 
in Camden, after which he began his active career 
as assistant to his father in the undertaking busi- 
ness. He continued thus employed until the 
death of the latter, when, in connection with his 
brother, he managed the busine.ss in behalf of 
the estate. In 1809 Mr. Middleton established 
himself in Camden as an undertaker and speedily 
acquired an extended patronage. He was, on the 
70 



14th of February, 18(;4, married to Mary, daughter 
of Anthony and Martha Williams, of Philadelphia. 
Their children are Lizzie (deceaned), I^aura (de- 
ceased), Mattie and Harry (twins) and Mary and 
Frank (twins, deceased). Mr. Middleton is a 
Republican in his political affiliations, but has 
never allowed the allurements of the political 
arena to draw him from the routine of his 
legitimate business. He is a member of Chosen 
Friends Lodge, No. 29, of Independent Order of 
Odd-Fellows ; of Provident Lodge, No. 4, of An- 
cient Order of United Workmen ; and of Ionic 
Lodge, No. 12, of the Order of Sparta. Both Mr. 
and Mrs. Middleton are members of the North 
Baptist Church of Camden. 



GLOUCESTEPv CITY. 



CHAPTEK X. 

Topography — Early History — Fort Kassau— Gloucester as a County 
Seat — County Courts and Public Buildings— The Original Town 
and Some of its Inhabitants — A Deserted Village — An Era of Pros- 
perity Arrives — Incorporation and City Government — Manufac- 
turing Interests — Eeligious History — Schools — Societies — Glou. 
cester as a Pleasure Resort — The Fox Hunting Club — Fisheries. 

Topography. — The name of Gloucester is bor- 
rowed from a cathedral town on the bank of the 
Severn, in the west of England, whence emigrated 
some of the earliest settlers of West Jersey. The 
word itself is from the Celtic, — glaw caer, — which 
signifies " handsome city." 

Gloucester City is in the southwestern part of the 
county, on a peninsula formed by the Delaware 
River on the west. Great and Little Timber 
Creeks on the south and southeast, and Newton 
Creek on the north and east. It is situated on 
slightly undulating ground, sufficiently elevated 
to insure good drainage, which is further assured 
by the geological formation, — a body of sand and 
gravel, from ten to thirty feet thick, resting on a 
stratum of clay. This, with the broad and fast- 
flowing river on the west, whence, in summer, 
cool breezes are wafted, joined to wide, clean 
streets abounding in shade, and the large yards 
and gardens in fruit-trees giving, at a distance, the 
appearance of an inhabited forest — to which add 
excellent water in abundance, good schools, nu- 
merous societies, full religious opportunities, with 
many industrial establishments, insuring work for 
those who will — altogether point to Gloucester City 
as a desirable place to live in. That the people 
live and live long is proven by the annual table of 
vital statistics, which show it to excel most towns 
of its size in heal thfuln ess, the death-rate in 1885 
being 15.42 in the 1000, while in Camden it was 
18.30, in the county 17.87 and in the State 18.63. 

The area of Gloucester is one and a half square 
582 



miles, within which live five thousand nine hun- 
dred and sixty-six persons, an average of six to 
the acre ; in eleven hundred and thirty-seven 
houses, an average of five and one-fourth to the 
house ; with an assessed valuation (much below real 
value) of $1,763,510, au average of «295.50 per 
capita; and the eleven hundred and thirty-seven 
houses are owned by six hundred and seventy-five 
persons. The city contains seven industrial estab- 
lishments, with a capacity for employing two 
thousand five hundred persons and an annual pay- 
roll of nine hundred thousand dollars ; well-ap- 
pointed schools, with room for all, and a compe- 
tent corps of teachers, at an annual cost of eight 
thousand dollars ; five churches, representing dif- 
ferent shades of religious belief, having, in all, 
two thousand two hundred members; and two 
railroads and a line of ferry-boats, giving 
frequent means of ingress and egress. The 
municipality owns a city hall, adequate for all re- 
quirements ; has built sewers ; streets are lighted 
by gas; has a debt of seventy-six thousand dollars, 
incurred by the construction of water-works cost- 
ing eighty-five thousand dollars and sufficient for 
a population of forty thousand. The cost of the 
city government is twelve thousand dollars a year, 
covered by a tax rate of two per cent, for all pur- 
poses Such is the Gloucester of 1886. Forty 
years ago it was a hamlet, a hundred years ago but 
the ruins of a former town, and one hundred and 
ninety years ago the only town in South Jersey. 

Early History — Fokt Nassau.— In 1621 the 
States-General of the New Netherlands granted to 
the Second West India Company, of Holland, a 
large tract of land upon the eastern coast of North 
America.' This company sent out, for the New 
World, in 1623, a vessel in command of Captain 

'See Early History of Gloucester County, p. 32. 



GLOUCESTER CITY. 



583 



Cornelius Jacobs? Mey, who brouglit with him a 
number of persons and materials, with the inten- 
tion of establishing a colony. All early historians 
agree that he entered Delaware Bay in l(i28, and 
gave his name to the cape at the southern extrem- 
ity of New Jersey, and which still retains it, al- 
though anglicized as Cape May. C4ordon'8 " His- 
tory of New Jersey," page 7, says he fixed upon 
Hermaomissing, at the mouth of the Sassackon, 
the most northerly branch of Timber Creek, as the 
place for his settlement, and where he built a log 
fort, which he named Nassau, in honor of a town 
on the Upper Rhine river, in Germany. How 
long Captain Mey remained with his colony at 
Fort Nassau, or what was the cause of his depar- 
ture, is not known ; but the next ship that was sent 
up the Delaware, in 1631, eight years after, found 
the place entirely deserted by the colony and in 
possession of the Indians. The exact locality even 
of the fort is a matter of conjecture; and even 
Evelin, Campanius, Lindstrom, Van Der Donck, 
Kalm, Acrelius and other early writers, failed to 
agree upon its exact location. The earliest of the 
writers named, Evelin, was, in 1033, one of the set- 
tlers at Fort Eriwamac, at the mouth of Pensau- 
kin Creek. . So completely was every vestige of 
Fort Nassau destroyed that its site cannot be defi- 
nitely determined. 

Recent research has, to some extent, removed 
the mystery of the site which Captain Mey chose 
for his fortification. Mickle, in his " Reminis- 
cences of Old Gloucester," carefully examined the 
evidence, and since his time others have success- 
fully pursued the same line of investigation. The 
results are found in the pajier upon " The Hol- 
landers in New Jersey," submitted by Rev. Abra- 
ham Messier, D.D., to the New Jersey Historical 
Society May 16, 1850; Edward Armstrong's pa- 
pers on the history and site of the fort, contained 
in Volume VI. of the Society's proceedings; and 
the report of the Society's committee in 1852, au- 
thorized to examine the supposed location which 
is embraced in the same volume. 

The mo-t reasonable deduction from this mass 
of evidence and investigation is that Fort Nassau 
was perched upon the high ground of Gloucester 
Point, or, more definitely, that " it was situated 
immediately upon the river at the southern ex- 
tremity of the high land abutting upon the meadows 
north of mouth of the Timber Creek." " That posi- 
tion," Mickle wrote, " would have struck the eye 
of an engineer, inasmuch as a fortress thus situa- 
ted could have commanded both the river and 
creek, while it would have been greatly secured 
from the attacks of the Indians by the low 



marshy land which surrounded it on all sides ex- 
cept the north. Some of the cabins which con- 
stituted the town of Nassau are supposed, with 
much reason, to have stood, near the mouth of the 
Sassackon, which was one of the many names for 
Timber Creek. The first fort, erected in 1C23, was 
probably a very rude pile of logs, just sufficient to 
serve as a breastwork. This having been destroyed 
by the Indians, another fort was built in 1642, 
when the Dutch returned to watch their rivals, 
the Swedes. The latter fort, Barker supposes to 
have been built with some style, as its architect 
was Hendrick Christiansee, the builder of Fort 
Amsterdam." Mickle dates the rebuilding in 
1642 on the authority of " Holmes' Annals " and 
" Duponceau's Annotations.' Gabriel Thomas or 
his engraver was manifestly wrong in [jlacing upon 
his map a Dutch fort at some distance above Glou- 
cester, at the mouth of what seems to be intended 
for Coopers Creek. Lindstrom, in his description 
of New Sweden in the time of Governor Prinz, 
said that at the location of the fort, " la riviere est 
ici bien prolbnde." If the fort was situated where 
the river was very deep, which is Lindstrom's 
meaning, it could not have been any distance up 
Timber Creek, but at Gloucester Point. 

The house of John Hugg, who purchased five 
hundred acres from Robert Zane in 1683, is sup- 
posed to have been built upon the site of Fori 
Nassau, and its location coincides with the strong- 
est theories of the situation of the work. John 
Redfield, who lived near by, prompted the inves- 
tigation made by Mr. Armstrong. Redfield's 
daughter having brought from the river-shore a 
flower which he suspected was exogenous, he vis- 
ited the spot where it was plucked and found pieces 
of Dutch brick and ware in the ground, and por- 
tions of a wall surmounted by a few logs, indicat- 
ing the remains of a redoubt or a building erected 
for defense. From the abandonment of the fort, 
about 1651, to 1677, when the Loudon and York- 
shire commissioners sailed up the Delaware River, 
the shore from Timber Creek to Peusaukin was in 
undisputed possession of a few Indians, although 
under the jurisdiction of the English since 1664. 

In an article contributed to the Pennsylvania 
Magazine of Hidory in July, 1885, Judge John 
Clement says, — 

" When the London and Yorkshire commis- 
sioners, accompanied by their friends, found their 
ship in the Delaware River in 1677, their attention 
was naturally drawn toward the territory on the 
eastern side of that beautiful stream. Their fu- 
ture homes were to be there, for they had come to 
' plant a nati(m,' yet their minds did not compre- 



584 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



hend the importance of their undertaking, nor 
did they see the end from such small beginning.s. 
In ascending the river, that prominent point 
known among the Indians as Arwaumus, was a 
noticeable feature, and it was at once agreed that 
it was a suitable site for a city and by the new- 
comers called Gloucester Point. In fact, the Lon- 
don commissioners insisted upon stopping at this 
place, and it was only after much persuasion and 
substantial inducements offered, that they con- 
sented to go to Burlington and settle with the 
others. 

" It is quite possible also that the remains of Fort 
Nassau, built in 1623, were there, around 
which were a few Swedish and Dutch settlers. 
The true position of this fort has always been in 
doubt, some claiming that it stood in the marsh 
near the mouth of Timber Creek, and others that 
it was built on the high ground, the present site of 
Gloucester City, this being in the eye of a military 
engineer the most suitable spot for a work of de- 
fense. Although the London owners, through 
over-persuasion, settled with their friends at Bur- 
lington, the original purpose was not abandoned, 
for in a short time individuals were prospecting 
for land bounding on Cooper, Newton and Timber 
Creeks, and a few families had already settled at 
the Point." 

Eeection of Gloucester County.— In the 
year 1678 Robert Turner, of London, came to this 
country, and soon after prospected for land in this 
vicinity. In 1682 Mark Newbie, Thomas Thack- 
ar.t, Robert Zane, William Bates and their families, 
and Thomas Sharp and George Goldsmith came to 
Salem, and, in accordance with the advice of 
Robert Turner, located a large tract of land on 
Newton Creek and its middle branch, on which 
they settled. 

In the year 1686, the territory having become 
populous, the inhabitants of the territory embraced 
in the third and fourth tenths, residing between 
Pensaukin and Oldmans Creeks, met on the 28th 
of May at Arwaumus, or Gloucester Point, and 
formed a county constitution, defined the bounda- 
ries of the new county, called Gloucester, arranged 
for courts and executed other business necessary 
to complete an organization without the warrant of 
legislative^tction ; but as the Province was in con- 
fusion, and Burlington, the place where official 
business was transacted, was far away, the people 
took this opportunity to provide for themselves 
offices of record and a more convenient place for 
the transaction of public business. This action 
was confirmed by the Provincial Government in 
1692 and 1694. 



Gloucester as a County-Seat. — It is very 
evident that at the time of this action there were 
some settlers at Gloucester, but who they all were 
is not definitely known. Mathew Medcalf, Samuel 
Harrison, John Reading, William Harrison and 
Thomas and Richard Bull were among the first 
settlers there. Some of them were friends of the 
London commissioners, and others the settlers on 
Newton Creek, who became residents of the new 
county-seat. 

A tract of land was laid out by them. It was 
proposed and intended from the year 1677 to make 
the place a town, and on the 12th of the Sixth 
Month, 1686, the proprietors held a public meeting 
at Gloucester, at which it was mutually agreed 
by all the proprietors then present to lay out a 
town. A memorandum was drawn up, which is 
now in the Surveyor-General's Office, at Burling- 
ton, extracts from which are here given : 

Article 1. " That the town shall contain nine 
streets, extending from the River Delaware back- 
wards, the land embraced to be laid out and 
divided into ten equal parts, every one fronting 
the river and containing in breadth 220 yards." 

Article 2. " That at present there shall be a 
cross street, run through the town at the distance 
of twelve chains and twenty links, from Water 
Street to the river-side." 

Article 3. " That the two middle divisions, or 
tenth p.art, of the town shall again be divided into 
two equal parts, by the running of a street to cross 
the satne in the midst, between Water Street and 
the aforesaid street running through the town." 

Article 4. " That there shall be a square three 
chains every way, laid out for a Market-Place, 
where the said cross street shall meet and intersect 
the higher great street, which is between the two 
middle tenths, or divisions aforesaid." 

Article 5. "That the four quarters bordering 
to the market-place be divided and made liy the 
runningof theafforesaid short cross street and High 
street shall be again divided into equal shares and 
lots, of which every quarter shall contain twenty 
and two, being in the whole eighty-eight lots, the 
length of which shall be half the distance between 
the said Water Street and short cross street, which 
is sixty yards, and the breadth of each lot shall be 
the eleventh part of the breadth of one of the mid- 
dle divisions, or tenth part of the Town is twenty 
yards." 

Article 6 provided " that every proprietor shall 
have privilege of choosing his lot, provided he settle 
on the same and build a house within six months." 
Article 7 provided " that every proprietor hav- 
ing a right to a twentieth part of a Propriety may 



GLOUCESTER CITY. 



585 



take up one of the aforesiiid eighty-eight lots, and 
so proportionately for any greater share or part." 

Article 12 says : " That the town be from hence- 
forth called Gloucester, and the third and fourth 
tenths the County of Gloucester." 

Article 13 prayed " That the creek heretofore and 
commonly called by the name of Timber Creek be 
and is hereby nominated and is henceforth to be 
called by the name of Gloucester River." 

Article 14 provides " That for taking up lands 
within the town bounds or liberties of Glouces- 
ter." 

It is evident that at this stage of the meeting 
some of the members had been thinking of the 
plan proposed, and had feared that trouble would 
ensue in a division of lots, and Article 15 provided 
other means of distribution, by which '"the 
proprietors, aforesaid, do fully and absolutely con- 
sent, conclude and agree." 

All former locations were declared null and void 
by Article 16, and Article 17 declared " that what 
land soever shall be taken up within the Town 
boundary shall be by lot, and instead of a first 
choice (as formerly proposed), the first lot shall now 
claim and have the first survey," and so on. 

Article 18 provided " That before any laud be 
surveyed in the Town there shall a road be laid 
and marked out from High Street in Gloucester, 
through the middle of the Town bounds, until it 
meets with Salem road." 

Article 19 declared " That there be two public 
and commodious landings in the most convenient 
|>laces on the banks of the Gloucester river and the 
branch of the Newton Creek, surveyed and laid 
forth with roads leading from them into the aflbre- 
said high road, through the midst of the Town 
bounds." 

Article 20 declared " That there shall be a lane 
or road of 33 foot broad laid out at the distance and 
end of every twenty chains through the Town 
bounds, from the high road of each side thereof, 
down to the branch of Gloucester river and the 
branch of Newton Creek." 

The great road was ordered to be begun the 20th 
of August following, also the public landings, with 
the roads and the rest of the lands or roads lead- 
ing from the branches, and proceeded with until 
completed. 

It was also ordered that the surveyor, Thomas 
Sharp, be furnished with four assistants, namely : 
Francis Collins, Thomas Thackara, John Reading 
and Mathew Medcalf, each of which was to have 
five shillings per day, and the surveyor ten shil- 
lings. 

The following-named persons were subscribers 



to the articles, who declared that " All the 
several Articles and conclusions are never exposed 
and declared before:" William Co.xe, Francis 
Collins, William Roydon, Thomas Sharp, Robert 
Zane, William Bates, Thomas Carleton, William 
White, Mathew Medcalf, Thomas Thackara, John 
Ffuller, Widow Welch, Richard Heritage, Wil- 
liam Willis, James Atmore, Stephen Newby, Wil- 
liam Coxe, Widow Bull, Francis Collins, Thomas 
Coxeand William Alberson. 

The eighty-eight lots in the town plot were num- 
bered and began at the north end of Water Street ; 
the lots are numbered as follows, and the name of 
owner and date of survey is here given as far aa 
could be ascertained : No. 1, corner of Water 
Street, Samuel Harrison, November 1, l(i89; Nos. 2, 
3 and 4, Matthew Medcalf, November 2,'), 1(189; No. 
5, Sarah Harrison, for her husband, January 24, 
1G89 ; No. 6, John Reading, November 26, 1690; 
Nos. 7 and 8, Andrew Robeson, March 12,1689; 
Nos. 9, 10 and 11, John Reading, December 6, 
1688 ; No. 11 was on the corner of Water Street 
and the great road ; No. 12, Francis Collins, also 
on corner of Water Street and great road, south 
side, September 12, 1689; Nos. 13 and 14, Thomas 
Bull, December 17, 1689; lot No. IS, Sarah 
Wheeler, September 13, 1689 (this lot was a triangle 
at the turn in the river, the lots from this front 
were laid out at right angles) ; No. 16, William 
Roydon, October 7, 1689 ; No. 17 to Daniel Read- 
ing, August 9, 1689 ; Nos. 18 and 19, Anthony 
Sharp (uncle of Thomas Sharp), April 26, 1689; 
No. 20, Thomas Sherman, November 26, 1690; 
Nos. 21, 22 and 23, vacant to the town line on 
the corner northward from the town line on the 
east side of the main road ; Nos. 24, 25, 26 and 27, 
vacant ; Nos. 28, 29 and 30, in rear of 18 and 19, 
were surveyed to Anthony Sharp, April 26, 1689; 
No. 31, John Reading ; Nos. 32 and 33, on south 
side of public square were vacant ; Nos. 34, 35, 36, 37, 
38 and 39, on north side of public square, John 
Reading, December 17, 1689 ; lots 40, 41, 42, 43 and 
44, to town line are vacant. The blocks containing 
twenty lots each, on the west side of the north and 
south road, are numbered from 44 to 66, and owned 
by John Reading; lots 50,51, 52, 53, 64, 55 and 58, 
59, 60, 61 and 62. On the back line lots number from 
67 northward to 88. Of them, John Reacfing owned 
lots 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75 and 78, 79, 80, 81, 82 and 
83. The town bounds, or liberties of Gloucester, 
were divided, as before mentioned, into ten parts. 
The land north of the bounds and on Newton 
Creek was swampy and in jwssession of G. and W. 
Harrison. The first part is marked on the town 
j)lot a.s in pcjsscssion of John Reading, the clerk of 



586 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



the county, and Samuel Harrison. Part second is 
marked as mostly vacant, John Reading being in 
possession of one-eighth of the part. Part three, 
the north part, is mentioned as laid off to John 
Reading and William Roydon. Part four contains 
the following: "Andrew Robeson one whole pro- 
priety, ye 12th of 9th month, 1G89." Part five 
contains in its limits the north half of the old plot 
which was on the west end ; the east end of this part 
is marked as being in possession of Mathew Med- 
calf, Richard Bull and John Reading. Part six 
embraced within its limits the south half of the 
old plot, and the east end of the part was owned 
by Anthony Sharp and Richard Bull. Part seven 
was surveyed to Robert Turner and Widow Bull. 
Francis Collins is marked as in possession of the 
north half of part eight and part nine and part 
ten, and marked as vacant. The land and swamp 
south of the town was owned by John Reading. 
The plot of 1689 is known in old papers and 
records as the " Liberties of Gloucester." For many 
years Gloucester township and Gloucester town 
were separate organizations. The latter extended 
eastwardly to a line east of Blount Ephraim, be- 
tween the present farms of Benjamin and Joseph 
Lippincott, and to the farm of Samuel E. Shivers, 
and running from the south branch of Newton 
Creek to Little Timber Creek. On the 16th of 
November, 1831, Gloucester town and a portion of 
Gloucester township were laid out and given the 
name of Union township, and included the terri- 
tory now embraced in Gloucester City and Centre 
township. The latter was erected from the greater 
part of the territory of Union township in 1855, 
and the remaining portion of Union township, 
upon the incorporation of the city of Gloucester, 
February 25, 1868, was annexed to the city and so 
remains. 

The County Courts and Public Buildings. 
— The first courts of the county of Gloucester were 
held at Gloucester on the 1st day of September 
1686, at whose house or tavern is not stated. 
Courts were held a few times at Red Bank, but 
that place was soon abandoned. At a meeting of 
the court held at Gloucester on the 2d of Decem- 
ber, 1689, it was decided to erect a jail, and the 
court record contains the following entry concern- 
ing it: 

" Daniel Reading undertakes to build a goale 
logg-house, fifteen or sixteen foot square, provided 
he may have one lott of Land conveyed to him 
and his heirs forever, and y° said house to Serve 
for a prison till y' County makes a common goale, 
or until y' s'd logge-house shall with age be de- 
stroyed or made insutficicnt ibr that |)Urpo.sc ; and 



William Roydon undertakes to Convey y' lotts, he 
being paid three pounds for the same at or before 
y' next Courte." 

This primitive prison was the abode of the 
Gloucester malefactors until the end of 1695, when 
the court ordered another of the same kind to be 
built, but in June, 1696, it changed its plan and 
decided to combine the jail with the first court- 
house, the court having theretofore been held in 
taverns or private houses. The following specifi- 
cations were made : 

"A prison of twenty foot long and sixteen wide, 
of a .sufficient height and strength, made of loggs, 
to be erected and builded in Gloucester, with a 
Court-House over the same, of a convenient height 
and largeness, covered of and with cedar shingles, 
well and workmanlike to be made, and with all 
convenient expedition finished. Matthew Med- 
calfe and John Reading to be overseers or agents 
to lett the same or see the said buildings done and 
performed in manner aforesaid, they to have 
money for carrying on of the said work of the 
last county tax." 

On October 5, 1708, a stone and brick addition 
was ordered, and to defray the expenses of this 
improvement the grand jury levied a tax of one 
shilling upon every hundred acres of land, six" 
pence per head for every horse and mare more 
than three years old, for neat cattle three pence 
each, three shillings for each freeman in service 
and three shillings for each negro over twelve 
years of age, to be paid in current silver money or 
corn, or any other country produce at money 
price. 

December 5, 1708, the grand jury considered it 
necessary that an addition be made to the prison 
and court-house and presented the following spec- 
ifications : " That it joyne to the south end of the 
ould one, to be made of stone and brick, twelve 
feet in the cleare and two story high, with a stack 
of chimneys joyning to the ould house, and that it 
be uniform from ye foundation to the court-house." 
This addition was made, and seven years later, in 
April, 1715, the justices and freeholders decided 
to build a jail twenty-four feet long, with walls nine 
feet high and two feet thick. Another site was 
selected and the old jail and court-house w^re sold 
in March, 1719, to William Harrison. The county 
buildings were completed in 1719, and in Decem- 
ber of that year the justices and freeholders, not 
being satisfied with the work, ordered the building 
" to be pulled down to ye lower floor and rebuilt 
upon the same foundation." About this time it 
was ordered " that a payor of substantial stocks be 
erected near the prison, with a post at each end, 



GLOUCESTER CITY. 



S87 



well fixed and ftistened with a hand cuff inin at 
one of them for a whipping post." That a pillory 
or stocks was established before this time is evi- 
dent fiom the fact that March 1, 1691, John Rich- 
ards was found guilty of perjury, and sentenced to 
pay twenty pounds " or stand in ye pillory one 
hour." He chose the latter and served his sen- 
tence April 12th following. 

The court-house as reconstructed was quite an 
elaborate building. The first story was the prison, 
and imposed upon it was the court-house, the main 
room of which was nine feet high, and was reached 
by " a substantial flight of stone stayers." There 
was " a Gallery at the Weste end from side to side," 
and " a payer of stayers up into the garrett," be- 
sides "a table and Bar, pailed, that it may Suffi- 
ciently accommodate the Justices, Clerks, Attur- 
neys and Jurys." The stocks and whipping-post 
were set up near by, and in 1736 the board ordered 
the addition of a yard, a watch-house, a work- 
house and a pump to the public buildings of this 
new county-seat. That the court-house was not 
comfortable appears by this minute of December 
19, 1721 : "Proclamation being made, the Court of 
Common Pleas is adjourned to the house of Mary 
Spey by reason of the cold." Probably the build- 
ing had never been completed according to the 
specifications, as in January, 1722, the board 
passed a resolution directing Thomas Sharp to 
prosecute Abraham Porter and William Harrison,' 
the building commissioners, on their bonds of fifty 
pounds each, for non-performance of their duties ; 
" or otherwise a Prosecution shall be proceeded in 
against ye s'd Thomas Sharp for Paying ye third 
and last Payment before it came due." The next 
year this resolution w:is susj)ended in order to per- 
mit them to finish their work. In 1750 Samuel 
Cole was made manager of further additions, and 
in 1782 repairs to the court-house and jail were 
ordered, and such repairs to the county-house as 
to make it tenable. The jail and court-house 
were destroyed by fire March, 1786, and a major- 
ity of the shareholders desired the buildings else- 
where. The subject was brought before the people 
of the county and an election was held and 
Woodbury was selected as the county-seat, and old 
Gloucester, after being the seat of justice for the 
county one hundred years, lost its importance and 
remained the same for many years after. 

The Original Town and Some of its Peo- 
ple. — Gabriel Thomas, writing in 1698, says of 
Gloucester : " There is Gloucester Town, which is 
a very fine and pleasant place, being well-stored 
with summer fruits, such as cherries, mulberries 
and strawberries ; whither young people come from 



Philadelijhia, in the wherry-boats, to eat strawber- 
ries and cream, within sight of which city it is 
sweetly located, being about three miles distant 
from thence." 

Oldmixon, writing in 1708, says: "Gloucester 
is a good town, and gave name to a county. It 
contains one hundred housejj, and the country 
about it is very pleasant." 

A few facts only of the early residents of the 
town have been obtained from the records and 
other papers, the following of which are here given : 
Mathew Medcalf, who, in 1686, was keeping tavern, 
in 1695 and in 1733 conducted a ferry across the 
Delaware. The Harrison family, Samuel and 
Joseph, were still living in the town in 1750, as in '■-■^ 
that year Samuel Harrison married Abagail Kaighn, 
widow of John, and daughter of John Hinch- 
raan. She .survived her husband and died at 
Taunton Iron Works, Burlington County, where 
she resided with her daughter Abagail, wife 
of Richard Edwards. William Harrison was 
sherifl' of Gloucester County in 1716, and, 
later, one of the judges of the county courts. 
The Hugiis were large land-owners on Timber 
Creek, and became the owners of the ferry and 
tavern, at one of the public landings. William 
Hugg, in 1778, was keeping the ferry and tavern, 
and it was at his house the Fox-Hunting Club 
was in the habit of meeting. The family still own 
the fishery there. John Burrough, who was the 
first of the name in the county, was a weaver, and 
was engaged in his occupation at Gloucester in 
1688. In that year he bought a tract of land 
between Great and Little Timber Creeks, and, about 
1690, moved upon it. Richard and Tiiomas Bull 
were lot-owners in the first division, as also was 
Widow Sarah Bull. Thomas Bull, in 1710, married 
Sarah Nelson, at the Newton Friends' Meeting- 
house. He was, doubtless, a member of this fam- 
ily. Richard Bull was still a resident of Glouces- 
ter in 1717. Jacob and Thomas Clement, who 
came from Long Island with the Harri.sons, were V^ 
among the early resideuts of the town. Jacob 
Clement married Ann, daughter of Samuel Har- 
rison, of the same place. He was a shoemaker 
and followed his trade by going from house to 
house, as was the custom in those early days. In 
1783 John Brown was taxed 10s. as a merchant. 
Sarah Bull was then conducting a mercantile busi- 
ness, for which she was assessed 2«. Medcalf 's 
ferry was assessed 12.?., and Tatem's 7s. 6rf. It is 
probable that Tatem was then keeping one of the 
Cooper ferries. 

A Deserted Village. — The removal of the seat 
of justice livnn Gloucester to Woodbury caused the 



688 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



former to decline in importance and influence, and 
thenceforward, for nearly three-quarters of a cen- 
tury, it was known only as a fisliing town and a 
place for the meeting of clubs from Philadelphia 
and elsewhere. Multitudes visited it, but few re- 
mained. Farming, berrying, fishing and catering to 
the desires of pleasure seekers constituted the avo- 
cations of the few people who lived here during the 
ante-industrial period. The "'Old Brick" ferry- 
house, at the Point; Powell's farm-house, on the 
shore,atthefootofSomersetStreet, built in 1696 (the 
date on the tablet was obscure when it was torn 
down by Captain William Albertson, in 1882); the 
Plumnier House, on the site of the iron works ; 
the Arthur Powell homestead, at Sussex and Mar- 
ket Streets, now the residence of his widow, the 
venerable and intelligent octogenarian, Mary Pow- 
ell ; the Harrison mansion, near Newton Creek, 
where Mis's Mary Harrison, a descendant of Samuel 
Harrison, who bought the northern section of the 
town in 1689, lived with the family of John Ked- 
field, and where she died in 1885; a cluster of 
houses at Pine Grove, and a few houses along the 
shore, sheltering the ferrymen and fishermen, 
comprised all there was of the town of Gloucester 
in 1830. "Not twenty houses in the whole place," 
declared an old resident. 

Besides the houses noted above, there were the 
old court-house on the southwest corner of King 
and Market Streets, and the jail on Market, above 
King. The first was removed about 1865 to make 
way for a dwelling, and the jail was burned 
about 1820. The bricks were bought by Frederick 
Plummer and used in the construction of the two- 
story rough-cast house now standing on Front 
Street, above Mechanic, in Camden. 

An Era of PRosrERiTY Arrives. — With all 
its desirableness as a place of residence, the pro- 
gress of Gloucester was slow until the advent of 
industrial establishments — the first, the Washing- 
ton Mills, which commenced operation in 1845 — 
oftered regular and remunerative employment. 

It is difiicult to ascertain the increase in popula- 
tion of the territory now comprised within the 
limits of the town of Gloucester prior to 1850; 
for it was included as a part of Gloucester town- 
ship in 1695, and although it assumed, as Glouces- 
ter Town, to be a separate constabulary, the census- 
takers, with rare exceptions, counted its popula- 
tion with that township, and after 1832 with 
Union township, which was set off fr(jm Glouces- 
ter township in that year, and as the town was 
not co-extensive with the township until 1855, 
when Centre townshi|3 was set off from Union, the 
proportion bolonging to the town cannot be ascer- 



tained. In 1810 the population of Gloucester 
township was 1726. This, then, included Glouce.s- 
ter and Centre townships and Gloucester City, 
with an aggregate population, in 1885, of 10,231. 
In 18.30 the census gives Gloucester Town 686, and 
in 1840 Union township 1075. This included 
Centre township. In 1850 the population of 
Union was 1095, and of Gloucester City 2188, show- 
ing a wonderful increase during the ten years mark- 
ing the advent of the industrial era, inaugurated 
in 1845, chiefly through the enterprise of David S. 
Brown, to whom, more than to any other person, 
Gloucester owes its advancement. The best data 
to be had places the number of people inhabiting 
the locality, in 1840, at less than two hundred. Its 
growth since is shown by these tables taken from 
the census returns: 



UDited States CenBUB. 

1850 2188 

1860 2805 

1870 3fi82 

1880 5347 



State Census. 

1855 2453 

18B5 3773 

1875 5105 

1885 69C6 



THE CITY GOVERNMENT. 

In 1868 the town was incorporated as Gloucester 
City. The first officers of the city, elected in 
March, 1868, were as follows : Mayor, Samuel D. 
Mulford ; Recorder, Hugh J. Gorman ; Assessor, 
Frederick Shindle; Collector, Andrew J. Greene; 
Surveyor of Highways, Bowman H. Lippincott; 
Constables, Peter Eencorn and Samuel West; 
Councilmen, Samuel Raby, John M. Pettit, Na- 
thaniel W. Fernald, William C. Mulford, William 
N. Brown, Henry P. Gaunt. 

The first meeting was held March 13th, at the 
mayor's private office. Peter L. Voorhees, of 
Camden, was elected city solicitor. 

In 1871 the charter was amended, under which 
the number of Councilmen was increased to 
nine. In 1883 the city was divided into two wards, 
under a statute of the State ; each ward now elects 
four members of Council, leaving the ninth to be 
elected by the city at large. 

City Hall. — In 1869 an act of the Legislature 
authorized the City Council to issue bonds to the 
amount of twenty thousand dollars, for the purpose 
of building a city hall. The bonds were issued and 
a two-story brick building was erected. The build- 
ing is of brick, two stories high, and finished in a 
plain but most substantial manner. The first floor 
is divided into convenient rooms for city officers, — 
a Council chamber, mayor's oftice and lock-up. In 
the upper story is a large audience-room, with a 
spacious stage, and a seating capacity for five 
hundred persons. The hall is located on the north 
side of Monmouth Street, above Burlington. 



GLOUCESTKll CITY. 



589 



Mayors.— The followini? i.s a list of the iiuiyor.s 
of Gloucester from 1868 to 188() : 

I8(i8. Samuel D. Mulford. 
IBUl). C'hiirles C. Colliugs. 
187t>-71. Peter Mc.\daiiis. 
1872. Samuel T. Murphy. 
187;i. David Adams. 
1874. James L. Hines. 



187.1-76-77. John Gaunt. 
187S-80-S;). William H. Banks. 
18 9-81-82. John Willian. 
1883. Frederick Shindle.i 
1S83-85. Samuel Moss. 
18S0. George Wyncoop. 



Mayor John Willian died in the winter of 1883, 
and Frederick Shindle was appointed to till the 
vacancy for the unexpired term. 

Recorders. — The names of the city recorders 
and the dates of their election are as follows : 



l.*^fi8. Hugh J. Gorman. 
ISC'J. Charles F. Mayers. 
18(i9. Edward Mills.2 
1870-80. Benjamin Sands. 

1871. Theodore Brick. 

1872. John A. Baker. 



1874. Willard Emery. 

1875. Daniel J. McBridc. 
1876-77. John H. McMurray. 
1878-79. G. William Barnard. 

1881. William H. Bowkor. 

1882. William H. Taylor. 



1873. Benjamin F. Measey. 1883-87. James Lyons. 

Charles F. Mayers resigned in May, 1869, 
and Edward Mills was appointed in his place. 
Jas. Lyons was re-elected in 1884, and by a change 
in the law, the term was extended to three years. 

Collectors or City Teeasueer.s. — Albert J. 
Green was elected to the office in 1868, and again 
in 1870, re-elected in 1871-72 ; again elected in 
1878, and has been re-elected each succeeding 
year since, making twelve years of service. The 
other treasurers were, — 

Andrew J Greene was elected in 1808-70-71-72; again in 187.8, 
and re-elected annually until 1886, inclusive, and dying in the latter 
year, his place was filled by Charles 11. Fowler, appointed by City 
Council. 



1809. Thomas Hallani. 

1873. Alonzo D. Uusted. 

1874. Alexander A. Powell. 



187.'). Peter Kcncorn 

1875. Thomas llalla 

1876. Hugh J. Gorni 



Peter Rencorn died and Thomas Hallam was 
appointed in his place. 

PRESIDENTS OF COUNCIL. 

(By the charter of 1868 the mayor presided ; by the amendment of 
1871 Councils elected the president.) 
1871-74-79. Edmund Hoffman. 1881. Samuel Moss. 
1872. Henry F. West. 1882. Robert Conway. 

1873-7.'.-78. Philip H. Fowler. 1883. G. William Barnard. 
1876-77. Aaron Fortiner. 1884. Lewis G. Mayers. 

1S80. Henry P. Gaunt. 1885-80. William C. Hawkins. 

Following are officers for 1886 : 

Mayor, George Wyncoop ; Recorder, .Tames Lyons ; Collector, 
Charles H. Fowler ; Assessor, Joseph Whittington ; Chief Engineer 
of Water Department, James Finley ; Councilmen, William C. 
Hawkins, W. J. Thompson, G. William Barnard, Jacob Carter, 
Francis McQuaide, William A. Guy, Charles Rencorn, John Red- 
fleld, Michael Smith. 

The Fire Department. — Prior to 1875 Glou- 
cester City had no Fire Department. In March of 

'Elected to fill unexpired term of John Willian, deceased. 

2 Vice Charles F. Mayers, resigned. 

^ .\ppointed by City Council, vice Peter Kencoru, deceased. 

71 



that year a fire broke out in a store on Middlesex 
Street and Willow, which did much damage, and 
would have been disastrous but for the steam-power 
and hose of the Witshington and Ancona Works. 
This aroused the people to action, and Gloucester 
City Fire Department was formed as follows : Fore- 
man, Patrick Mealey; First Assistant Foreman, 
John Graham ; Second Assistant Foreman, John 
Lafferty ; Privates, Henry Gilmore, Andrew Mo.sser, 
James Poster, Joseph McAdams, Lawrence Con- 
lohan, James McMahon, Sr., James McMahon, 
Jr., Joseph Berry, Herman iKlosterman and Wil- 
liam Slump. 

The apparatus provided comprised one hook-and- 
ladder truck, fire-ladders, six fire extinguisliers, 
six hooks, thirty-six buckets, axles, rope, grap- 
pling irons, etc. There were no water-works out- 
side the mills, and no means of procuring water 
save from wells, passed from hand to hand in 
buckets. One thousand feet of hose was procured, 
and on September 13, 1878, a carriage was pur- 
chased of the Union Hose Company of Lancas- 
ter, Pa. 

The department was then re-organized as follows : 
Chief Engineer, Patrick Mealey; First Assistant 
Engineer, John P. Booth ; Second A.ssistant En- 
gineer, Henry J. West ; Members, John Graham 
James Foster, James McMahon, Sr., Andrew Mos- 
ser, Henry Gilmore, Joseph McAdams, John R. 
Farquliar, Edward Byers, James Truax, William 
Keowu, Edward Shingle, Jacob Carter, Lawrence 
Conlohan, Michael Noon, Patrick Gilmour, John 
Laft'erty, James McMahon, William Byers, Isaac 
Edwards, Theodore Hoffman. 

In 1879, Assistants John P. Booth and Henry 
J. West resigned, and James McMahon and Jas. 
Foster were appointed to fill their places. 

The department was placed under the control of 
five commissioners appointed by the Council, — 
three of them members of that body and two selected 
from the citizens. In 1884 the commissioners in- 
creased the force to thirty-four, when these were 
appointed, — Edward Hutchinson, William A. 
Guy, Isaac Budd, Adin Owens, Ralph McDermott, 
John McElhone, Stansford Foster, Robert Walsh, 
William Shaw, William Stiles, and these, with 
tliose before-named, constitute the department. 

The commissioners are, — Citizens : Philip H. 
Fowler (president) and Hugh Mullin ; Council- 
men, William A. Guy, G. M. Barnard and Charles 
Rencorn. President Fowler is superintendent of the 
Gingham Mills, and was one of the first and most 
active promoters of the organization of the Fire 
Department, and has been president of the com- 
missioners from the start. 



590 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 



The house occupied is the one first built, of 
wood, on the rear of the city hall lot. The firemen 
receive no pay, but are exempt from assessment on 
private property to the amount of five hundred 
dollarsand are beneficiaries of the Firemen's Relief 
Fund, the growth of a State tax upon insurance 
companies. In constructing the water-works, in 
1883, tire matters were duly considered, and the 
necessity for fire-engines obviated by a direct 
pressure being brought to bear from the pumping 
engines upon the street hydrants insuificient to 
force the water over the higliest buildings in the 
city. 

The Water Supply.— In 1873 the Legisla- 
ture authorized the borrowing of five thousand 
dollars, and in 1874 a like amount, for the con- 
struction of sewers. The money was judiciously 
expended and the loan paid when due. In 1873 
the Gloucester Land Company having given the 
city the Mercer Street water-front, authority was 
obtained from the Legislature to borrow ten 
thousand dollars for the purpose of constructing a 
wharf. This was accomplished within the esti- 
mated limit, and the bonds issued were paid as they 
matured. These were the only debts contracted, 
and for several years the city had no obligations, 
when, in 1883, it was determined to construct 
water-works. They were completed, in 1884, at a 
cost of eighty-five thousand dollars. To meet this 
expenditure, four per cent, bonds, having from ten 
to thirty years to run, were issued, and the re- 
mainder of the cost was paid out of a balance in 
the hands of the treasurer. A sinking fund was 
established, and four thousand dollars of the bonds 
have been paid, leaving seventy-six thousand dol- 
lars yet due in 1886, represented by a plant which 
gives promise of soon returning a handsome 
revenue. 

The question of water supply early engaged the 
attention of the more thoughtful. The water sup- 
plied by wells was excellent, both for drinking 
and domestic purposes, and the supjdy abundant, 
but it was obvious that the wells filled by water 
percolating through soil constantly receiving new 
accretions of foreign matter must be impure, and 
in time become positively dangerous to health. 
This danger was avoided by boring below the 
stratum of clay underlying the .surface soil. Here 
water for drinking is obtained in abundance and of 
wholesome quality, but too hard for general pur- 
poses. Besides, there was no adequate protection 
in case of fire, and water-works were deemed ab- 
solutely necessary. In 1872 David S. Brown, ever 
on the alert for anything that would benefit the 
cily he had tlone so nuuh for, procured a charter 



for a company to build works, but the jealousy of 
corporations was interposed. In 1881 John Gour- 
ley and other members of the City Council agi- 
tated the project aud a vote of the people, to whom 
the matter was referred, under the law, resulted in 
a majority in its favor, but the opponents of the 
measure procured a decision from the courts set- 
ting aside the vote on account of some informality. 
The matter slept for a time, when the Gloucester 
City Reporter, a newspaper, then edited by Benja- 
min M. Braker, revived the interest in a number 
of well-written articles, and on the question being 
again submitted to the people, it was approved by 
a decisive vote. Council secured the services of 
Jacob H. Yocum, a civil engineer of Camden, and 
in 1883 work was begun. The design was to 
obtain the supply from the head-waters of Newton 
Creek, near Mount Ephraim, where water of ex- 
cellent quality could be had. The estimated cost 
was one hundred thousand dollars, and bids for 
that amount were being considered, when a strong 
petition to locate the works on Newton Creek, 
within the city limits, because of lessened cost, 
was presented, and the demand prevailed, al- 
though many questioned the purity of water taken 
from a sluggish tide-water stream. Fortunately, 
in excavating for a subsiding reservoir, from which 
the water was to be pumped, a subterranean stream 
of pure, soft water was struck, of such volume and 
force that it seriously impeded the work and defied 
all eflbrts to stay the flow, and thus most excellent 
water is supplied. A stand-pipe ninety feet high 
is used, and in case of fire a direct pressure, by the 
Holly system, from the pumps, avoids the necessity 
for steam-engines. 

David Sands Brown was born at his father's 
farm, near Dover, N. H., on the 27th of July, 1800. 
His parents were of old Puritan stock, his ancestor, 
Henry Brown, having; landed in Boston in 1639, 
and soon after settled in Salisbury, Mass., where 
the family continued to live for several generations. 
In 1778 William Brown, the father of David, 
married Abigail Peaslee, of Haverhill, Mass., and 
bought the farm near Dover, N. H., where their 
children were born, and where they spent the 
remainder of their lives. Soon after their marriage 
they joined the religious Society of Friends, and 
their children were educated in accordance with 
their peculiar views. David was their youngest 
son. The educational resources of Dover being at 
this time very limited, at ten years of age he went 
alone to Boston, riding in the stage beside Daniel 
Webster, thus beginning an acquaintance which 
lasted a lifetime. 

For several years he pursued his studies at Salem, 




Cn^.-.-^^ c9^(J?^ 



(iLOUCESTKll CITY. 



f)!)! 



Mass. In 1817 he left tli.it town to go inUi busi- 
ness with his I)rothei's, wlio h;icl preceded him to 
Pliiladelphia. In 1821 he became a member of the 
firm of Hacker, Brown & Co. The house was en- 
gaged in the dry-goods commission business, and 
continued in existence until 1830. In this year a 
change was made, and the firm-name became for 
the future David S. Brown & Co. Early in life 
Mr. Brown became much interested in tlie develop- 
ment of American manufactures. He was fully 
convinced that the prosperity and progress of the 
country depended upon protection to American 
industries. Into the promotion of these industries 
he threw himself with all the earnestness and ac- 
tivity of his nature. Earnestness of purpose and 
strength of will being his cliief characteristics, to 
resolve upon an action was to carry it into effect 
almost simultaneously. In 1844 he projected the 
cotton-mills of the Washington Manufacturing 
Company, at Gloucester, N. J., and built them in 
conjunction with Messrs. Churchman, Ashhurst, 
Folwell, Mickle, Evans, Gray, Scull and Sitcr. 
This was followed by the construction of the 
Gloucester Manufacturing Company, for the pro- 
duction of printed calicoes. In 1871 he built the 
works of the Ancona Printing Company, in order 
to utilize newly-discovered processes, until then 
untried in America. In 1872 the Gloucester 
Gingham Mills, built in 1859, were incorporated. 
In 1871 the Gloucester Iron Works, on the Dela- 
ware, near Gloucester, were built and put into 
active operation. In 1873 the Gloucester City 
Gas Works were constructed and incorporated, 
and the Gloucester Land Company, and the 
Gloucester Land and Improvement Company or- 
ganized. In 1SG5 Mr. Brown, in connection with 
a number of incorporators built the Camden, Glou- 
cester and Mount Ephraim Railroad. Of these 
corporations he was president at the time of his 
death, as well asof the School of Design for Women, 
in Philadeli)hia, which he had founded in connec- 
tion with Mrs. Peter, the wife of tlie British consul. 
The rare business qualifications which Mr. Brown 
possessed were strikingly exliibited at the time of 
the organization of the Pennsylvania Railroad, 
when he was foremost in contributing personally 
and enlisting the aid of capital in its purchase and 
extension, and whose earnest appeals and confident 
example contributed materially to its present proud 
position. 

In the panic of 1857 the firm of David S. Brown 
& Co. succumbed to the pressure, and suspended. 
In April of the following year they submitted to 
their creditors a proposition to pay seventy-five 
I)er cent. — one-fifth in cash, on the Istof May, one- 



fifth each three, six, nine and twelve months, with 
interest; and, for the remaining twenty-five ]ier 
cent, they offered the stock of the Greenwich Im- 
provement and Railroad Company, and the Glou- 
cester Manufacturing Company, or the notes of the 
firm at two and three years, with interest. So that, 
at the end of three years, the debts of the firm 
were paid^principal and interest. In a short 
sketch of Mr. Brown's business career, which ap- 
peared at the time of his death, the writer says : 
"The active life of one man rarely reaches so far 
in its measure of national progress as has that of 
the merchant and citizen whose death every one 
laments. It embraced the entire period of transi- 
tion, from dependence, almost abject, upon foreign 
countries, to industrial triumphs of the most 
complete and enduring character, and this was in 
itself the work of Mr. Brown's life, and its result 
was the crown of his labors. No degree of personal 
effort that such an occasion could call for was ever 
wanting; no risks that actual execution of great 
works could involve were too great for him to take 
upon himself. It is easy to assume that a success- 
ful issue of the great undertakings of 1844 to 1870 
was probable, and that therefore those who took 
the responsibility at that time were not to be 
credited with unusual honors; but in fact, looking 
back to that period now, the wonder rather is that 
any one should have been bold enough to stake 
everything on breaking up the foreign control of 
our markets — a work not fully accomplished until 
187G. Honor i.s due to Mr. Brown for this long 
and faithful championship of domestic industry. 
To build up these industries as he did in a country 
without foreign competition would be a great dis- 
tinction, but in fact, there has never been a greater 
struggle or more extreme difficulties than those 
encountered in the establishment of extensive 
manufactures during the twenty-five years of Mr. 
Brown's greatest activity. Yet the most unflinch- 
ing courage, the most patient and indefatigable 
labors marked every year of his life, giving almost 
more than mortal strength to the business he had 
built up, and, at last, laying down his duties with 
extreme reluctance. It is not often that so much 
ability and courage are united in a man of daily 
business activity. It is easy to be driven from a 
great purpose by business necessities ; it is easy to 
yield upon the ground that at the time it does 
not pay, but Mr. Brown never forgot the higher 
pulilic ]>urpose in the most extreme busi- 
ness trials, and althoush the end shows that such 
firmness is best, it is rare that persons tried in such 
emergencies see the higher interests as he did. In 
bis manner, in his aetivi(y,in his persistence to go 



592 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



on and do more, Mr. Brown seemed little changed 
in 1870 trom his daily life in 1850. Yet these 
twenty years had seen the battle of his life com- 
pletely won, and himself not the least of the 
masters in the field." 

In reviewing Mr. Brown's life, it is easy to realize 
that oneofhischiefcharacteristics was the unselfish 
earnestness with which he devoted himself to every 
project which won his approval, when it in no way 
contributed to his profit or aggrandizement. He 
always felt great sympathy for young men of 
energy, and was ever ready to extend to them a 
helping hand. His health, which had been failing 
for several years, finally gave way early in 1877, 
and after the 4th of March he did nut leave the 
house. His death took place on the Gth of July. 
On the 7th a special meeting of the Gloucester 
City Councils was held, and the following resolu- 
tions were passed : 

" Whereni, Almighty God h.is remoTed to a better world our friend 
and benefactor, the late David S. Brown, therefore be it Reaolned, 
that we, in behalf of the citizens of Gloucester City, express our 
sensibility of the loss we have sustained ; and Resolved, that BIr. 
Brown was the leading spirit in establishing all the industrial insti- 
tutions, and that he was the foremost man in furthering many 
interests in our town, the beucflt of which will long be felt by our 

MANUFACTURES. 

The establishment of large manufactories in 
Gloucester gave the town a new impetus, and 
caused it to grow and prosper. To the manufactur- 
ing interests are due the present prosperity of the 
city. A connected history of each of these estab- 
lishments is here given : 

Washington Mills. — The first of the large 
manufacturing establishments in Gloucester were 
the Washington Mills, owned by the Washington 
Manufacturing Company, incorporated by the 
Legislature January 31, 1844, and on Fel)ruary 
21st of that year the commission named in the 
act met at Cake's Hotel, Camden, and opened 
subscriptions to stock, two hundred and sixty 
thousand dollars of which was taken. The stock- 
holders met March 13th, and elected as directors 
David S. Brown, John Siter, John R. Worrell, 
William Wooduutt, Gideon Scu 1, Thomas Sparks, 
Lewis R. Ashurst, Mordecai D. Lewis, Charles W. 
Churchman, Samuel R. Simmons and D. H. 
Flickwir. David S. Brown was elected president, 
and John Siter treasuer. 

A committee was appointed to select a site on 
which to erect suitable buildings. Kaighns 
Point, Camden, was first thought to be the desired 
location, but difficulties intervening, Gloucester 
Point was decided upon. Here, also, obstacles 
interposeil, in the way of purchasing ground 



limited in extent, as desired, and the Glouces- 
ter Land Company was organized, from which the 
manufacturing company purchased ten acres, 
bounded by Mercer, King and Monmouth Streets, 
and the Delaware River. Plans were prepared 
which, being approved, ground was broken July 1, 
1844, and the first bricks of Mill No. 1 were laid on 
the 15th of August following. This mill, four stories 
high and three hundred feet long by fifty feet wide, 
with boiler-house and other essential out-buildings, 
was pushed to completion ; necessary machinery for 
the manufacturing of white cotton goods put in, 
and July 31, 1845, the first cops of yarn were spun, 
and August7th the first loom was running. Themill 
contained three hundred and twenty-four narrow 
and seventy-four wide looms, fourteen thousand 
five hundred and ninety-two spindles and em- 
ployed three hundred and sixty-three persons. 

Melcher's plans contemplated expansion, not in 
size, but in the number of buildings, and since 
No. 1, six other similar mills have been built, with 
necessary adjuncts in the form of engine and other 
houses. The mills occupy the space between 
Ellis Street and the river. On the northern half 
of the remainder of the tract the company 
erected a number of commodious brick buildings 
for boarding-houses to accommodate single per- 
sons employed in the factory, while the southern 
half, planted with shade-trees, was opened to 
the public. 

The first manager of the business of the company 
operating the mills was Samuel Raby, who, 
although an excellent man and capable superin- 
tendent, became obnoxious to the mill-hands dur- 
ing the strike of 1848, and was compelled to leave. 
Stephen Crocker was the next superintendent, and 
remained in charge until March, 1857, when he 
was succeeded by Henry F. West, who for twenty- 
nine years has maintained the regard of the work- 
ing people and the confidence of the owners. In 
1879 the machinery was altered for the manufac- 
ture of colored dress goods. The mills now run 
1030 looms, 46,000 spindles, employ 800 persons, 
with a yearly pay-roll of $260,000 and an annual 
production of 2,000,000 pounds of cloth. 

The present officers and directors are Samuel 
Welsh, president; Henry N. Paul, treasurer and 
agent; Samuel R. Shipley, George H. Boker, 
Samuel Chew, Charles S. Wurts, H. P. Sloan, 
Richard Ashhurst, Charles J. Churchman and Sam- 
uel H. Grey. 

Glouce.stee Land Company.— The Land Com- 
pany was not a voluntary, but a compulsory feature 
of the enterprises contemplated by David S. 
Brown and his ciadjiitors. When the Washing- 




^/U^i^^P'^rz^rd.^ 



GLOUCESTER CITY. 



593 



ton Manufacturing Company wanted but ten acres 
of land, owners insisted upon selling not less than 
ten times that amount or none at all, and so the 
manufacturing company resolved itself into a land 
company and selected John Siter and Samuel R. 
Simmons as trustees. They purchased sixty-two 
acres of Frederick Plummer and one hundred and 
one and a half acres of Robert W. Sykes and paid 
thirteen thousand dollars for the Champion fish- 
ing right. These purchases embraced the north- 
ern section of the city, and upon it have been 
built nearly all the industrial works, — Washington 
Mills, Ancona Print Works, Gloucester Print 
Works and the Iron Works. Churches and city 
have been liberally treated with, when requiring 
land, and the accommodating terms offered private 
]>arties have encouraged improvements, and en- 
abled many with limited income to own their 
houses, Gloucester showing out of about nineteen 
hundred ratables, six hundred and seventy-five 
who are owners. In 1846 the company was incor- 
porated, and in the charter is a section, making 
valid provisions in the deeds conveying the land, 
forbidding the sale of malt or spirituous liquor 
upon the premises. Under this charter the com- 
pany still operates, having much land still in 
posse.'si'.n, exceeding in value the cost of the 
original purchase. The oflicers of the Land Com- 
pany and the Washington Manufacturing Com- 
pany are the same — President, George H. Boker ; 
Treasurer, Henry N. Paul. 

Gingham Mills. — In 1860 Samuel Raby, the 
first superintendent of the Washington Mills, built 
a factory south of Jersey Avenue, and manufac- 
tured cottonades and coarse ginghams. In 1870 the 
Gloucester Gingham Mills Company was incor- 
porated, those named in the act being Samuel 
Kaby, Edward Bettle, William C. Shinn, Samuel 
C'hew, David S. Brown and George Janvier. The 
directors were David S. Brown, president; Sam- 
uel Chew, secretary and treasurer ; and Heni-y F. 
West. The factory of Mr. Raby was purchased, 
Philip H. Fowler appointed superintendent, and 
the factory, after being enlarged, was supplied 
with improved machinery for the manufacture of 
ginghams of a finer grade. Mr. Fowler assumed 
the management in 1871, and since that time the 
works have been running almost uninterruptedly, 
and with a success evincing enlightened tact in 
the control. The necessity tor expansion has been 
frequent, and met as required, until the establish- 
ment covers seven acres of ground, comprising 
seven principal buildings, with nineteen annexes, 
wings and out-buildings. The main factory is of 
brick, two stories high, fifty-nine l>y two hundred 



and eighty feet in dimensions, and, with the six 
principal buildings, contain over oli.OOO yards of 
flooring. The mills contain 502 looms, 12,'M2 
spindles, and employ 500 persons— one-fourth men, 
the remainder women and minor.-. The output is 
0,000,000 yards annually, and the pay-roll foots up 
$150,000 yearly. 

The officers are Samuel Shipley, president; 
Samuel Chew, secretary and treasurer; John H. 
Carr, Harry B. Chew and David Chew ; superinten- 
dent, Philip H. Fowler; assistant, Charles H. 
Fowler. 

Philip H. Fowler, one of the leading manu- 
facturers of Camden County, is the great-grandson 
of George Fowler, born in Salem, Mass., where he 
resided and engaged iu the manufacture of shoes. 
Among his sons was George, also a resident of 
Salem, who followed a sea-faring life and was 
lost while pursuing his vocation. His only son, 
George, born at Salem in 1803, by trade a mason 
and builder, married Sarah N., daughter of Daniel 
Moore, of Newburyport, Mass., and had children, 
— Sarah A. (wife of L. P. S. Corea, resident of 
Fayal, Azore Islands), George P. (of Salem), Philip 
H., Frank E. (of Galesburg, 111.), Samuel (who 
died while a prisoner at Anders(uiville) and Helen 
M. (wife of Henry Chalk, of Salem). 

Philip H. Fowler was born on the 11th of May, 
1832, in Salem, Mass., and received his education 
at the grammar schools of his native city. Desir- 
ing to become master of a trade he entered a cot- 
ton-mill as an apprentice, meanwhile continuing 
his studies at a night-school. At the age of nine- 
teen he applied himself to the work in the machine- 
shops of the mill, and at the expiration of the 
fourth year had become thoroughly familiar with 
the mechanical portion of the business. He then ils- 
sumed charge of certain departments of the mill 
and continued thus employed until 1857. Mr. 
Fowler then made Gloucester City, N. J., his home, 
and entering the employ of the Washington Cotton- 
Mills, assumed the direction of one or more de- 
partments of the mill. For sixteen years he has 
filled the position of superintendent of the ging- 
ham mills at Gloucester City and still acts in that 
capacity. Here his thorough practical knowledge 
and financial ability have left their impress on the 
business and established it on a permanent and 
successful basis. Many improvements have been 
added, the capacity of the mills increased and 
its products, by their superior excellence, made 
readily marketable. Mr. Fowler is in his political 
afliliations a Republican and a strong advocate of 
the doctrine of protection. He has served for 
three terms as raemlier of the Gloucester City 



594 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Council and for three years been actively asso- 
ciated with the School Board. Mr. Fowler was, on 
the 24th of November, 1852, married to Phebe A., 
daughter of James S. Young, of the Briti.sh Prov- 
inces. Their children are Frank A., Ch:irles H. 
and Hattie E., wife of Milton T. Shafto, of Glou- 
cester City. Mr. Fowler is identified with the 
Camden National Bank as director. An active 
Mason, he was the first Master of Cloud I^odge, 
No. 101, of the order in Gloucester City, and is a 
member of the Ancient Order of United Work- 
men, of Camden. 

The Gloucester Print Works, the second in 
chronological order of the industrial establish- 
ments originated by David S. Brown and his as- 
sociates in the limits of Gloucester, are situated 
near the banks of the Delaware River. The 
Gloucester Manufacturing Company, which operates 
them, was chartered in 1845, the following-named 
persons being the incorporators: William Fol- 
well, Philip J. Grey, Gideon Scull, William 
Baugh, David S. Brown, Robert F. Walsh, 
Charles W. Churchman, who proposed to erect 
works " for the manufacturing, bleaching, dyeing 
and printing and finishing of all goods of which 
cotton or other fibrous material forms a part." The 
management was substantially the same as that of 
the Washington Manufacturing Company, and the 
object was to dye, bleach and print the product of 
the parent company. The works were built in 
1850, and enlarged in 1855, for the introduction of 
printing machinery. September 14, 18(58, the 
works were burned to the ground, even the walls 
being leveled ; but by the 1st of April following the 
works were rebuilt as they now are, through the 
energy of Daniel Schofield, the superintendent. 
Besides the dyeing and bleaching departments, 
there are twelve printing-machines. The capacity 
of the works is eight hundred and thirty-six 
thousand pieces of calico annually, giving em- 
ployment to three hundred persons. The superin- 
tendents have been D. Schofield, Archibald M. 
Graham and Mr. Bowker. 

The Ancona Printing Company was incor- 
porated in 1871, the incorporators being David S. 
Brown, George A. Heyl, James S. Moore, Samuel 
Chew and Harry C. Heyl, who erected works in 
Gloucester for the introduction of the new discov- 
eries in the application of colors, then successful 
in Europe, but untried in this country. The ex- 
periment was successful, and the production of 
" Dolly Vardeus " and other unique designs kept 
the works running to their full capacity. When 
in full operation the works give employment to 
three hundred persons and turn out six hundred 



thousand pieces of printed muslin annually. They 
are located on the river-shore, between the Wash- 
ington Mills and Gloucester Manufacturing Com- 
pany's Works. Archibald M. Graham was the 
manager until his death, in 1884. 

Gloucester Iron- Works are situated on the 
river, near Newton Creek, and are the farthest to 
the north of the long line of industrial establish- 
ments fostered by the enterprise of David S. 
Brown. In 1864 William Sexton and James P. 
Michellon, who bad long been connected with the 
Star Iron-Works in Camden, built an iron foundry 
on the above-mentioned site. They cast shells for 
the United States government, and with other 
work did a prosperous business until 1871, when 
it was transferred to the Gloucester Iron- Works 
Company, incorporated that year. The directors 
were David S. Brown, president; James P. Mi- 
chellon, secretary; Benjamin Chew, treasurer; 
William Sexton, superintendent ; and Samuel 
Chew. 

The works were enlarged, covering, with wliarf- 
ing and storage ground, nearly a million square 
feet of surface. The casting of water-pipe, and 
the manufacture of material for water and gas- 
works, comprise the principal product of the 
works, and these are being constructed by the 
company at many distant points, and the output is 
disposed of from Maine to Texas. The full capacity 
of the works is a consumption of twenty-one 
thousand tons of iron per year, the actual present 
output being fifteen thousand tons. Three hun- 
dred men are employed in Gloucester City, with 
many others in the various places where the com- 
pany is constructing gas or water- works. The 
pay-roll exceeds two hundred thousand dollars per 
year. The directors are Samuel Shipley, presi- 
dent ; James P. Michellon, secretary; Harry B. 
Chew, treasurer; William Sexton, superintendent; 
Samuel Chew and John H. Carr. 

William Sexton, the intelligent and able su- 
perintendent of the above-named works, was born 
in the city of Camden on the 7th day of October, 
1828, and is the son of William Sexton and Sarah 
Lawrence Sexton. His mother was the daughter 
of Thomas Rodgers, who fled from Flanders to 
America to escape religious persecution. 

Mr. Sexton was educated in the public schools 
of Camden, which he left at the age of fifteen to en- 
ter the patent-leather manufactory of Charles Free- 
man, where he remained two years, when he was 
employed by John F. Starr, whose iron works were 
then situated at the foot of Bridge Avenue. At 
the age of nineteen he became foreman of the 
machine-shop, which position he filled until he 



GLOUCESTER CITY. 



595 



associated liinisclf with Paimiel Elfretli, in the ma- 
chine business, in Canideii. At Mr. Starr's solici- 
tation, Mr. Sexton returned to tlie machine-shop, 
and hekl the position of foreman for nineteen 
years. 

Ill the year 1864, desiring to endiark in an enter- 
prise of his own, Mr. Sexton came to Gh)ucester 
and established a foundry in connection with James 
P. Michellon, under the name of Sexton & Co. 
Finding it difficult to compete witli the larger 
concerns, in comiJiny with others, he formed the 
Gloucester Iron Works, a description of which 
will be found above in this sketch. On February 4, 
1S49, Mr. Sexton married Mary M. Andrews, 
daughter of Chester and Sarah Andrews, of Tren- 
ton, N. J., by whom he had the following children : 
William and Sarah, twins, who died young, and a 
daughter, Mary Emma, who is married to Robert 
Marshall, Esi)., of Philadelphia. 

Mr. Sexton is in the prime of a vigorous man- 
hood, and is strictly a "Camden County man," 
never having lived out of it, and by all considered 
one of its best and most respected citizens. By 
his industry and perseverance he has contributed 
largely to the success of the large and important 
manufacturing industry of Gloucester City, with 
which he has so long been identified. 

Teera-Cotta Works. — On the river-shore, 
south of Jersey Avenue, are located the Glouces- 
ter Terra-Cotta Works, of Kehrer & Sons. These 
were operated many years ago by David S. Brown 
& Co., and afterwards by George H. Hammond, 
and by other parties without much success. About 
188.3 the present firm assumed possession and 
made a success of the enterprise. The product is 
terra-cotta pipe, of which eight thousand feet is 
made weekly, giving employment to twenty men. 
On the river-shore, below high water, is a valuable 
bed of clay, suited to the company's wants, but 
when they attempted to dig for it, an injunction, 
issued at the instance of the owners of the fishery 
right, restrained them, and the material now used 
in manufacturing is brought from a distance of 
nearly two hundred miles. 

The Gloucester Steam Machine- Works are 
situated ou Market Street, below King. In 1853 
Hugh W. and Robert Lafferty erected a sugar 
refinery at Broadway and Mercer Streets, and 
for sixteen years carried on a flourishing busi- 
ness, producing five hundred barrels of refined 
sugar per week and giving employment to sixty 
men. They imported their raw material direct, 
and for a time Gloucester was a shipping port, 
several vessels at one time lying at the Mercer 
Street wharf unloading cargoes froni the West In- 



dies and other foreign parts. In 1S7'.I this business 
was discontinued and Hugh W. Lalferty started 
the steam-engine and machine- works, his specialty 
being sugar machines for plantations and sugar- 
works. They arc of his own designing, his inven- 
tions being many and various, and the demand for 
them from all parls of the world is increasing .so 
that an enlargement of the works will be a neces- 
sity of the near future. 

One Lumber- Yard at a time has sufiiced the 
little city, and there has never been competition 
in the trade. For several years Frank Mulford 
sold lumber, his pl.ace being on the north side of 
Market Street, east of King, when, in 1849, Henry 
B. Wilson and William C. Doughten opened a 
yard on the northwest corner of King and Market 
Streets, and Mulford abandoned the business. 
They built the frame store for the sale of hard- 
ware. In 1854 William S. McCallister became as- 
sociated with them, and, in 1858, sole proprietor, 
Wilson & Doughten removing to Kaighns Point 
and there engaged in the same business. lu 18G6 
John C. Stiuson became McCallister's partner, and 
on the death of the latter, in 1868, George W. 
Dickensheets succeeded him and the firm has since 
been Stinson & Dickensheets. 

From the first the men engaged in the trade 
have been useful in public as well as private life. 
Frank Mulford was a leader in municipal and so- 
ciety afl'airs. Henry B. Wilson has been a leader 
in Camden, member and president of the City 
Council, postmiister and member of the Legislature. 
William S. McCallister was one of the most useful 
and trusted men in Gloucester, while John C. Stin- 
son and George W. Dickensheets have been pillars 
of the religious bodies to which they belong, and 
for many years in various municipal bodies sought 
the good of others rather than their own profit. 

Things That Were. — Jacob Sheetz, Abel Lu- 
kens, John H. Shultz, Peleg B. Savery and Abra- 
ham Browning, in 1858, procured a charter for the 
Gloucester China Company, to manufacture and 
sell porcelain, china, chemicals, drugs and other 
articles of which clay, sand and other earthy sub- 
stances form the bases or principal ingredients. 
The company built a factory on part of the ground 
now covered by the Ancona Print Works. Peleg 
B. Savery was the well-known Southwark hollow- 
ware foundryman and the product of the Glouces- 
ter works was largely used in lining his iron 
castings. John Siter & Brother carried on a factory 
for the making of woollen and cotton machinery, 
and the same site was occui)ied by Richard F. Lo- 
per. of propeller fame, as an iron ship yard. 

In 1864 Josi'ph Harrison, of Philadelphia, had 



596 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



works built ou the ground now occupied by the 
Gloucester Iron -Works. They were in charge of 
John H. Mystrora, an ingenious inventor, who 
turned out some excellent steel by a method of his 
own, similar to the Bessemer process. For some 
reason the enterprise failed. 

In 1872 David S. Brown, George Jamison, Henry 
N. Paul, James P. Michellon, Benjamin Chew, 
Henry F. West, William Sextou, Daniel Schofield 
and Samuel Chew procured a charter for the 
Gloucester City Savings Institution, which pros- 
pered for a number of years, but in 1884, when 
most of the original promoters had ceased connec- 
tion with it, it suspended, and its effects were 
placed in the hands of a receiver. 

Things That Might Have Been. — March 8, 
1845, Richard W. Howell, Charles Robb, Joseph 
Porter, Thomas S. Ridgway and Benjamin W. 
Cooper obtained a charter for a projected enter- 
prise under the name of the New Jersey Manufac- 
turiug Comj)any of the County of Camden, for the 
manufacturing, dyeing, bleaching and printing of 
wool and cotton and all goods of wool and cotton 
and other fibrous material. The proposed capital 
to be invested was six hundred thousand dollars. 
There was a proviso in the charter that all children 
to be employed in the establishment under sixteen 
years of age must have at least three months 
" schooling " each year. The place selected was 
Gloucester, but the enterprise failed to mature. 

In 1855 the Union Manufacturing Company of 
Gloucester was chartered to manufacture flour, 
meal, barrels and kegs. The incorporators were 
William B. Thomas, Thomas A. G. Stein, Samuel 
Z. Brock, Wm. S. Doughten, James L. Hines and 
Jeremiah H. Banks, but ihe compauy was never 
organized and nothing came of the undertaking. 

In 1865 a charter was granted to James H. 
Stevens, James P. Michellon, Peter L. Voorhees, 
William Sexton and Lewis H. Bundick, to form the 
Gloucester Iron Foundry and Machine Company, 
with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars, 
but the project ended with the grant. 

In 1871 the Gloucester Co-operative Benefit So- 
ciety, capital ten thousand dollars, was incorpo- 
rated, with Wm. Mcllhenny, Wra. Wholsteuholm, 
John Schules, Robert Booth, James Bartolle, Wm. 
Lee aud James White as incorporators. The ob- 
ject was to purchase direct from first hands and 
avoid the profits of middle men, but the project 
went no farther than the granting of the charter 
by the General Assembly. 

The Gas Lighting Company of Gloucester 
was incorporated in 1873, the uames of David 
S. Urown, James P. Michellon, Henry N. Paul, 



Benj. Chew and Wm. Sexton being mentioned in 
the act, and they comprised the company. The 
works were built by the Gloucester Iron Company 
and were located on Jersey Avenue, above Fifth 
Street. They were completed and began opera- 
tions January 1, 1875. The holder has a capacity 
of sixty thousand cubic feet of gas, and the an- 
nual production is sixty-seven million cubic feet, 
with three and a half miles of pipe, supplying sev- 
enty-six street lamps belonging to the city, be- 
sides private parties. The ofiicers of the company 
for 188B are : President, George A. Heyl ; Secre- 
tary, James P. Michellon ; Treasurer and Superin- 
tendent, Harry B. Chew. 

The Po.st-Office. — The following is a list of 
the jiostmasters of Gloucester, together with the 
dates of their appointment, as furnished by the 
Post-Office Department at Washington : 



PoBtluaater. 

William C.Mulford' 
Williiim H. Emery. 
William C.Mulfurd. 
William H.Emory. 



Data of Appt. 

July29,l.S4.5.l 
Feb. 26, ISCJ, 
.June 5, 18.-,.). 
May 25, 1801, 



Postmaster. 



Albert J. Greene. 
EdwinTomlinson. 
Chas. H. Barnard. 
Jas. McLaughlin. 



Date of Appt, 



Sept. 7, ISliti. 
Mar. 19, 1869. 
Nov. 17, 188l! 
July 28, 1885. 



1 Date of fstablisbment. 

RELIGIOUS HLSTORY. 

It is not generally known to the members of the 
present church at Gloucester that over one hun- 
dred and sixty-four years ago a congregation of 
the Church of England worshipped in that town, 
but such is the fact. In 1722 Thomas Bull, one of 
the proprietors of the town, in his will, makes the 
following bequest: " I give my file or tier of lots 
at Gloucester, including the burial-ground near 
my house, to be set apart for a Church of England' 
when the congregation see fit to build." There is 
no evidence that a church was ever built, and the 
site of the burial-ground mentioned is unknown. 
A congregation was maintained, however, for many 
years, aud up to the time of the Revolution, if not 
later. The Rev. Nathaniel Evans, who wits ap- 
pointed as missionary by the Society for the Prop- 
agation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, in 1765 
was placed in charge of the parish at Gloucester, 
Colestowii and Berkley. He preached at those 
places until his death, October 29, 1767. Five 
years later, November 19, 1772, he was succeeded 
by the Rev. Robert Blackwell, who married Re- 
becca, a daughter of Joseph Harrison, a member 
of the congregation. He continued in the service 
until the Revolutionary War broke out, when he 
joined tbe army as chaplain and surgeon. The 
churches for a time were without regular services, 
and it is not certain that the church at Gloucester 



GLOUCESTER CITY. 



597 



was again reviveil. No further eflbrt is known 
tending to re-establishing Episcopal services in it. 
The present ehui-ch of that denomination was or- 
ganized in 1847. Some of the early emigrants 
who settled at Gloucester in 1(589 were members of 
the Society of Friends, and they doubtless wor- 
shipped in tlie house of Mark Newbie, on the 
White Horse road, in Newton township, where an 
" indulged meeting" was held under tiie authority 
of the Society of Burlington 

Dr. Bangs, a Methodist historian, states that 
" Messrs. Boardman and Pilmore landed at Glou- 
cester Point October 24, 1769, and immediately 
set about their work of doing good." 

They were English missionaries sent out by John 
Wesley, but whether they set about their work at 
Gloucester Point is not stated. There is no evi- 
dence of permanent results. Meetings under Meth- 
odist auspices were held in Gloucester as early as 
1820, in the "eight-square" school-house, on the 
Woodbury road, north of Timber Creek, but no or- 
ganization was formed. About the same time 
meetings were held and continued for years in the 
old school-liouse on Market Street, east of the 
West Jersey Railroad. They were conducted by 
Frederick Plummer, of Philadelphia, a man of 
great eloquence and power in the pulpit, wlio drew 
large audiences. His eftbrts resulted in the con- 
version of hundreds during the fifteen or twenty 
years that he visited Gloucester Point. Many 
were bajJtized iu the Delaware, but no church or- 
ganization was effected, and the converts, gathered 
from many miles of surrounding country, were 
scattered or joined other churches, when Mr. 
Plummer ceased his ministration.?, about 1840. 
Among them were Arthur Powell, a trustee of the 
Methodist society in 1839, and his widow, Mary 
Powell, still living with clear mental powers and 
retentive memory, and an active member of the 
Baptist Church. Another of Rev. Plummer's con- 
verts is Alexander A. Powell, son of Arthur, now 
one of the leading members of the Methodist 
Church in Gloucester, with two sons, George W. 
and A. Aden Powell, local preachers. 

The Methodist Episcopal Church of Glou- 
cester originated iu 1839. as the following minutes 
will show: "At the request of Robert W. Sykes, Esq. 
of Philadelphia, a meeting was called at the Glou- 
cester Point Hotel, Gloucester County, N. J., at 
three o'clock on Wednesday, June 5th, 1839, of 
the followinggentlemen, viz.: Joshua P. Browning, 
John Whiteman, Edmund J. Yard, John Moore, 
Arthur Powell, Thomas Githens, Edward Daugh- 
erty, Reilly Barrett, Richard Benson, James Car- 
rigan and James Harmstead." 
72 



Of the above, Powell and Browning bclongeil to 
Glouee-stcr, Githens, Barrett and Dougherty were 
from Camden aud the others were Philadelphians. 
Browning was elected chairman and Harmstead 
secretary. Mr. Sykes then proposed to convey to 
the above-named gentlemen the house, twenty-five 
by fifty feet, erected on a lot of ground sixty-one 
by two hundred and sixty-six feet, on Market 
Street, above Third, for a place of religious wor- 
ship " for the use of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church." The projierty was then presented to 
them as trustees. About three hundred dollars 
was raised and expended in furnishing the house. 
Robert W. Sykes, a generous donor, was a lawyer, 
and besides owning the ferry across the Delaware 
between Gloucester Point and Greenwich Point, 
po.ssessed considerable land in Gloucester. He 
was not a member of the Methodist Church, but 
gave the new congregation encouraging support. 
The trustees gave the building the name of 
"Sykes' Chapel," but subsequently, at his request, 
it was changed to " Gloucester Point Chapel." 

Rev. Levi Scott, who afterwards became a prom- 
inent bishop in the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
and Rev. Joseph Ashbrook, of Camden, were as- 
signed by Conference to conduct the religious ser- 
vices in this building. On October 20, 1839, an 
incendiary fire destroyed the chapel aud all it con- 
tained except the Bible. This seemed to be a sad 
misfortune to the community and the young con- 
gregation, but their good friend R. W. Sykes, second- 
ed by his wife, came promptly to their aid. Call- 
ing the trustees together the next day, October 
21st, he informed them that he had insured the 
building for twelve hundred dollars, and that the 
money was at their disposal for the purpose of re - 
building. He also ofiercd to exchange a lot one 
hundred by two hundred and eighty feet, on King 
Street, more centrally located, for the one on which 
the original building stood. These generous offers 
were accepted and a brick building, thirty by fifty 
feet, was constructed at a cost of eighteen hundred 
dollars. 

The Gloucester Church was part of a circuit un- 
til 1845, when the membership having reached 
sixty, it was made a separate station under the 
charge of the Rev. Elwood H. Stokes, now presi- 
dent of the Ocean Grove Association. The so- 
ciety worshipped on King Street until 1851, when 
the opening of Somerset Street through the ground 
compelled the removal of the building. Land 
was purchased on Monmouth Street, ciruer of 
Willow, and a two-story brick church, forty-five 
by seventy feet, erected thereon, and the year fol- 
lowing a throe-story parsonage, the whole costing 



598 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



about eight thousand dollars. Here the congrega- 
tion held re!igiou.s services until the night of De- 
cember, 1882, when, in the midst of one of the 
greatest revivals that ever visited the congregation, 
a fire destroyed the structure, with all its contents, 
leaving nothing but blackened walls. The parson- 
age was damaged, but the insuraucemade good the 
loss. On the church there was a debt of twelve 
hundred dollars and an insurance of five thou- 
sand dollars. The Presbyterian and Baptist con- 
gregations of the town kindly offered to shelter 
the homeless society, but the use of the city hall, 
proffered by the City Council, was accepted, and 
there they met until the pastor, Kev. H. M. Brown, 
aided by the trustees, James L. Hiues, president, 
in a few months placed on the site of the ruins 
a large and beautiful church building, fifty by 
eighty feet, at a cost of fourteen thousand dollars. 

Like other churches and institutions of Glou- 
cester City whose population, dependent upon 
factory employment, comers and goers as trade 
ebbs and flows, this church has had its seasons 
of lesser and greater growth, and its membership 
has fluctuated. In 1880 it reached three hundred 
and seventy ; at the present time, six years later, 
it is two hundred and forty-two. The Sunday- 
school, with forty-two teachers and four hundred 
and ten scholars, is under the charge of George 
W. Powell as superintendent, with William J. 
Turkington as assistant. 

The following-named ministers have served the 
Gloucester congregation since its organization, in 
1839. Those marked with a * are dead. 



1839.- 
1841.- 
1843. 
1845.- 
1847.- 
1S48.- 
1851.- 
1853.- 
1855.- 
1867.. 
1859.- 



-William Brooks.* 
-Socrates Townshend. 
-J. W. McDougal.* 
-Elwood H. Stokes. 
-John B. Dobbins. 
-Robert Givin. 
-Joseph Ashbrouk.* 
-Jefferson Lewis. 
-John Fort,* 
-Joseph Atwnoti. 
-Kobert S. Harris. 



1801.- 
18C3, 
1805. 
1808. 
1871. 
1874. 
187(;. 



— Williani Walton. 
— Thomas C. Carman 
— Milton Relyea. 
— Jesse Stites. 
— Abram K. Street. 
—Philip Cline. 
—Enoch Green. 
— George H. Neal. 
-William Walton. 
— Henry M. Brown. 
— Daniel B. Harris. 



In 188.3, November 14th, the corner-stone of a 
Mission Chaj^el was laid in the southeastern sec- 
tion of the city. The burning of the church a few 
days after retarded work upon the chapel, but it 
was recently finished and services are now held in 
it regularly, the pul[)it being supplied by local 
preachers from Camden. 

Church of the Ascension. — The Protestant 
Episcopal Church of the Ascension, of Gloucester, 
was organized in 1847, largely through the efforts 
of jRev. Isaac P. Labaugh, assistant rector of the 
Episco|)al Church at IHaddonficld, assisted by 
Tliouias S. Kidgway and Mr. and Mrs. Charles 



Robb, of Philadelphia. A meeting was held in 
the district school-house November 29, 1847, when 
the congregation was organized and the following 
officers elected : Wardens, Jefferson Smith and 
Alan Sanford ; vestrymen, Nathaniel Demeritt, 
William S. McCallister, Thomas Higginbottom, 
George Nichols, Daniel F. Melcher, Hiram Brow- 
nell, Benjamin Browning, Albanus L. Clemens, 
Luther L. Cheeney and Benjamin Taylor. Two 
days later, on December 1st, Charles and Rebecca 
Robb, of Philadelphia, who owned large tracts of 
land at Gloucester, conveyed to this newly-formed 
parish a lot of ground one hundred feet square on 
Sussex Street, near Ridgway, " for and in consid- 
eration of the love and veneration for the Protes- 
tant Episcopal Church, and for the establishment 
of the same in the township of Union, commonly 
called the City of Gloucester." The lot was virtu- 
ally presented to the parish, as but ten dollars was 
charged. Another lot on Sussex Street, forty by 
one hundred and twenty feet, was afterwards 
bought of Daniel Lacey and a third on Ridgway 
Street, twenty by one hundred and twenty feet, 
of Isaac P. Labaugh, upon which a rectory has 
since been built. Thus organized, having selected 
the Protestant Episcopal Church of the Ascension 
as the name, Isaac P. Labaugh was chosen rector 
of the parish and continued to serve as assistant 
rector of the church in Haddonfield. A substan- 
tial stone building, with a seating capacity of three 
hundred and fifty, was erected, at a cost of three 
thousand dollars, and consecrated, free of debt, 
early in 1850, by Bishop Doane, of the diocese of 
New Jersey. Besides those already mentioned as 
active workers in the parish during its early strug- 
gles were Mrs. William S. McCallister, Janies Wil- 
son, Samuel Raby, Stephen Crocker, Henry B. 
Wilson and others. 

The following is a list of the rectors and others 
in charge in the order of their succession : Isaac 
P. Labaugh, rector ; Josiah Bartlett, rector ; Mac- 
Gregor J. Mitcherson, missionary in charge ; The- 
ophilus Reilly; John A. Goodfellow, lay reader; 
James A. Lamb, lay rector; John A. Fury, priest 
in charge ; Reese C. Evans, prie.st ; Richard H. de 
Gorma, priest ; Caleb Pease, deacon ; Thomas F. 
Milby, deacon ; Thomas Dickerson, priest ; Fran- 
cis D. Canfield, priest. 

The parish has sixty communicants. The 
property is valued at ten thousand dollars. 

The Presbyterian Church. — In 1847, Rev. 
John M. Rodgers, a Presbyterian clergyman of 
Woodbury, visited Gloucester and held meetings 
at Washington Hall, on King Street, and on the 
2(!th of June called a meeting for the purpose of 



GLOUCESTER CITY. 



r)!t9 



firganizing. Mr. Undgprs pre-iidod .anil William 
C. Mulford, M.I)., was clioseii secrotary. The 
trustees elected were William Melcher, William 
C. Mulford, Peter Du Bois (an elder), Elvin Jew- 
ell and Henry Van Fossen. Rev. Mr. Rodgers ac- 
cepted a call to become pastor of the young con- 
gregation and entered upon his duties on the 1st 
of October with about twenty members. Their 
meetings were held in Washington Hall unti' 
1849. In the mean time land had been purchased 
on Monmouth Street, at the corner of Burlington, 
the Gloucester Land Company donating part of 
the purchase money, and October 11, 1848, the 
corner-stone of the present house of worship was 
laid with appropriate ceremonies, Revs. Theodore 
Cuyler, D.D., and George W. Janvier delivering 
addresses on that occasion. The building is of 
brick, two stories, and the main audience-room 
will seat four hundred persons. The cost was 
eight thousand dollars. Upon it was a spire, 
eighty-two feet high, which a hurricane blew down 
three years after its erection and it was not re- 
built. The congregation at first was weak, but the 
Presbytery of Philadelphia assisted and Rev. Mr. 
Rodgers himself raised fifteen hundred dollars 
for the building fund. Rev. Dr. M. 15. Grier, one 
of the editors of the Presbi/terian, and who sup- 
plied the pulpit during 1867 and 1808, did much 
for the interests of the congregation. He present- 
ed a lot of ground adjoining the church, upon 
which a fine parsonage was built in 1870, costing 
two thousand eight hundred dollars. Fifteen pas- 
tors have served the congregation since the organ- 
ization, in 1847. Their names and the dates that 
they each assumed charge are as follows : 

1847. John M. Eoilgers. 1859. T. F. Kichinoild. 

1849. James Kirk. 1859. Joseph McMurray. 

1850. A, Tudehope. 1866. John S. Ilivnna. 

1851. Edward D. Yeomans. 18G7. M. B. Grier, D.D. 
1851. r. Knighton. 1869. Henry F. Keeves. 

1853. W. E. Jones. 1881. John K. Milligan. 

1854. David Longmore. 1885. James A. McGowen. 
1856. W. E. Board man. 

The pastorate of Joseph McMurray was a happy 
one, and under his ministr.ations of nearly seven 
years prosperity attended, until his failing health 
compelled his resignation. His death soon there- 
after was deeply deplored. To rich gifts he united 
rare piety, which won for him universal love and 
reverence. The long pastorate of Henry F. 
Reeves, extending over twelve years, was blessed 
spiritually and temporally. Under him the entire 
debt of the church was liquidated and prosperity 
attended his efforts until the time of his resigna- 
tion to become principal of the Ivy Academy, a 
Presbyterian iiislutilion at Bridgeton, N. J. The 



church memliership is one hundred and fifty- 
seven. 

Thp: Fn:ST Battist CiirRrir of Gloucester was 
constituted April 4, 18G7, in Washington Hall, on 
King Street, where services were held until the 
frame meeting-house was built, with a seating 
capacity of three hundred. 

The pastors have been C. D. Parker, William 
P. Maul, Thomas R. Taylor, E. V. Glover, Peter 
McKenzic, John S. Teasdale, William C. Calder. 

The otficers for 1880 were, — Pastor, William C. 
Calder ; Deacons, George M. Cheeseman, John 
Budd ; Clerk, Clayton Sagers ; Treasurer, Anna 
Farrel ; Trustees, Clayton Shuster, W. Budd, Geo. 
M. Cheeseman, John Budd, Frank Sagers, Harry 
Carter. The members number ninety-flve. 

The Sunday-school was formed June 18, 1807, 
and has one hundred and ninety officers, teachers 
and pupils, with a library of three hundred vol- 
umes. Superintendent, George M. Cheeseman. 

St. Mary's Catholic Church, on the south- 
east corner of Sussex and Cumberland Streets, was 
built in 1849 by Rev. Father Waldron, appointed 
parish priest by Archbishop Kendrick, of Phila- 
delphia. Mass had been celebrated for some time 
in Washington Hall, on King Street, and in the 
old school-house near Broadway and Hudson. 
Rev. Waldron remained butashorttimeafter build- 
ing the church, a stone structure, and was succeeded 
by Rev. Finnegan, who at the end of a year was 
removed and Rev. Harrigan appointed in his place. 
His pastorate of six years was very successful. 
The parish was strengthened and the debt of two 
thousand seven hundred dollars reduced to nine 
hundred dollars. He was removed to a parish in 
Cincinnati, where he died a few years afterwards. 
Such was the affection of his old parishioners for 
their former pastor that, raising the cost by sub- 
scription and obtaining the proper authority, they 
brought his body to Gloucester and buried it 
among their own dead. Rev. Daly was the next 
parish priest, and during the few years of his stay 
the debt was increased to nine thousand five hun- 
dred dollars. Rev. Father Wiseman was the next 
pastor and is kindly remembered as a good one, 
under whose administration the parish grew. The 
parish school-house was built, several teachers em- 
ployed and a large number of children instructed. 
He was removed to Crawford, N. Y., and Bishop 
Corrigan appointed Rev. Egbert Kars as pastt)r in 
1873. Father Kars was the best loved and most 
successful pastor the Gloucester Church has known, 
For thirteen years he administered its affairs with 
wise firmness, tempered with love, and gained the 
hearty co-operation of his parishion ers in whatever 



600 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



he undertook for the good of the church. Short- 
ly after his coming he brought the Sisters of St. 
Dominic and placed them in charge of the school. 
He liquidated the parish debt during his pastorate, 
which ended with his life, May 3, 1886, when he 
died, lamented not alone by his own, but all the 
people, and such was the regard in which he was 
held, that on the day of the funeral the factories 
were closed and the people en mcr.sse attended the 
obsequies. While he was in charge of the parish 
Revs. Donavan, Horn, Gary, Lynch and Murphy 
were appointed assistants in succession, the last- 
named acting as pastor at the time of Father Kars' 
death. The parish numbers seventeen hundred 
souls. 

Schools. — The log school-house in the woods 
was used until 1830, when a frame house was built 
east of the Union Cemetery and served the pur- 
pose for a number of years. It was then sold, and 
a brick house, now occupied as a dwelling, was 
erected near Broadway and Hudson Street. In 
1859 the two-story brick school-house on Monmouth 
Street, near Broadway, was erected at a cost of 
seven thousand dollars, followed in 1868 by one at 
Cumberland Street and Ridgway, costing five 
thousand five hundred dollars ; and in 1869 by the 
frame school -house on New Jersey Avenue, at Pine 
Grove. This cost one thousand six hundred dol- 
lars. In 1871 a second house was built near to 
and similar to the fir.^t one at Ridgway and Cum- 
berland, and in 1873 a third, each of them of 
equal cost and capacity. These five buildings, 
valued at two thousand nine hundred dollars, 
with seven hundred and fifty seiits, sum up the 
public school accommodations for the children of 
Gloucester City, the number of whom, between 
five and eighteen years of age, is sixteen hundred 
and thirty six, the number enndled being ten 
hundred and forty six, with an average attendance 
of five hundred and twenty three. The pupils in 
other schools, including the Roman Catholic 
Parochial School of St. Mary's, number two 
hundred and fifty. 

When the State established the public-school 
system the people of Union township, especially 
those in the western section, entered heartily into 
educational work and the largest possible facilities 
were provided. In 1847 this section comprised 
two school districts — Nos. 1 and 2 — with sixty-two 
and one hundred and seventy-seven pupils respec- 
tively. The schools were kept open tliroughout 
the year and the taxes levied to cover the cost were 
paid cheerfully. The treasurer of the Scho(d 
Board acted as superintendent. The first so to act 
was William C. Mulfonl, M.I)., in I.SI7 mii.I |.s|x, 



as well as in subsequent years. He was succeeded 
by Joshua P. Browning, William H. Emery, Jere- 
miah H. Banks and William C. McCallister, the 
latter serving for a number of years and until 1868, 
when township gave way to city methods. 

Under the city charter the Board of Education 
is an independent body, not amenable to Common 
Council for its actions, but providing such educa- 
tional facilities as in its judgment are required, 
with power to levy such tax, within the statutory 
limit, as will suffice to pay the cost. The board 
consists of six members elected for three years, 
two being elected annually. The board elects a 
president, secretary and treasurer from its own 
members. The school funds are made up of a 
State, local and poll-tax. The receipts of the 
treasurer for the fiscal year ending February 1, 
1886, were: From the State, $4908.88; local tax 
(two mills), $3685.37,— total, $8594.25. The ex- 
penditures were $7877.31, of which $6252.50 was 
for salaries. The surplus on hand was $4756.97. 
The salaries range from $400 to $500 for teachers 
and $1000 for the principal. There are eleven 
teachers, as follows : Principal, William Dougher- 
ty ; Priscilla H. Redfield, Annie Emery, Mary 
Whittington, Matilda O. Redfield, Elizabeth W. 
Hanna, Kate McMurray, Willie Cogill, Emma 
Mayers, Emma S. Gaunt, Ida F. Luther. In addi- 
tion to these, Judge John Gaunt, G. W. Michaels, 
P. H. Redfield and R. Heritage have been employed 
as teachers of night schools, which are open for 
several mouths in the year and are well attended. 
Judge Gaunt and Miss Redfield are veteran teach- 
ers, the latter having taught in the schools of 
Gloucester for more than thirty consecutive years. 

The members of the Board of Education are 
George M. Dixon, William C. Turkington (secre- 
tary), Russell Willard (treasurer), Samuel Barwisi 
Charles C. Collings (president), Duncan W. Blake, 
M.D. 

The following have been officers of the board 
since 1868 : 

18118. Willmm C Mullurd. 1879-80. Julin 0. Stinson. 

1869, Samufl Kaby. 1881-8-2. Henry U. Hiirluy. 

1870-71. ThomaB Hallnm. 1883. Henry F. West. 

1872-76. Samuel T. Murphy. 1884. Johu H. McMurray. 

1876. George noughnmn. 1885. George M. Dixon. 

1877. Samuel T. Murphy. 1886. Charles C. Collings. 

1878. William H. Banks. 

tiKCRKTAKlCS. 



1868-71. John C. Stinson. 
1872-73 William H. Banks 
1874-76. Samuel Finney. 



1877-82. Andrew J. Greene. 
1883-85. George P. J. Poole. 
1886 William C. Turkington. 



TUKASUKERS. 

1868-73. i;eorgi> W. Dickenshcots. 1877-78. Thomas Ilallam. 
187-1. William II. lianks. 1879-85. Lewis O. Mayers. 

ls7,-.-7|-.. Samuel T. Murpliy. 1«K6. Ruiwell Millard. 



GLOUCESTER CITY. 



601 



Cemeteries. — The Cedai- Grove Cemetery Com- 
pany was incorporated in 185], the names of William 
C. Miilford, Jacob Morrill and Stephen Crocker 
appearing in the charter. The company was or- 
ganized and eight acres of land purchased on Mar- 
ket Street, ea.st of the West Jersey Railroad. This 
was laid out and improved, and this cemetery has 
long been the favorite resting-place of Glouces- 
ter's dead. The present directors are James L. 
Hines, president and treasurer; Wm. Van Meter, 
secretary; William C. Birch, James E. Truax and 
Levi North. 

The Union Cemetery is located between Broad- 
way and the AVest Jersey Railroad, south of Mar- 
ket Street. The association was incorporated in 
1860, Abraham Powell, Arthur Powell and Joseph 
B. Ellis being named in the act. The ground 
originally measured three acres, but the railroad 
cut off one-third, leaving but two acres. The di- 
rectors are : Alexander A. Powell, president ; Lewis 
G. Mayer.s, treasurer; Daniel Carroll, secretary. 

Building Associations. — The first building 
association was incorporated in April, 1849, as the 
Gloucester Saving Fund and Building Association, 
with Moses G. Boston, Westcott Lowell, Stephen 
Crocker, William S. Doughten, George Nichols, 
Charles S. Barnard, William C. Mulford, Jeremiah 
H. Banks, William H. Emery and Joseph Cramer 
as incorporators. The association did well for 
about seven years, but difficulties and losses occur- 
red and its affairs were wound up when the stock 
was worth about ninety dollars per share. 

August 17, 1866, a meeting was held in Union 
Hall and the United Mutual Loan and Building 
Association was formed by the election of William 
W. Fernald as secretary, and the following-named 
rectors: William S. McCallister, Hugh J. Gor- 
man, James L. Hines, James Nield, Samuel Raby, 
Peter McAdams, William Ames, Philip Ritnerand 
Joseph R. Smith. Samuel Raby was chosen pres- 
ident and Albert J. Greene treasurer. These were 
among the most careful and trusted men of the 
city, and the success of the enterprise was assured. 
Stock was subscribed for, and the association began 
its long career of usefulness. The first year the 
receipts were $8957, and the amount loaned on 
bond and mortgage was $8600. Eighteen series 
of stock have been issued, eight of which have 
matured, leaving two thousand three hundred and 
six shares still running. The total amount loaned 
on bond and mortgage since the start is over 
§350,000, in sums varying from $200 to $2000, and 
averaging less than $1000 to each person. These 
have been persons of limited means, and it is esti- 
mated that nearly three hundred persons liave 



thereby been aided in securing homes; and this 
accounts, in part, for the unusually large propor- 
tion of house-owners in Gloucester — over one in 
three of the ratables. Samuel Raby was president 
two years ; Henry Black, ten ; Archibald M. Gra- 
ham, one; James L. Hines, nearly six years, when, 
resigning, Henry Black was again elected, .serving 
until March, 1886, when he resigned to take the 
secretaryship, made vacant by the resignation of 
Hugh J. Gorman, after nearly eighteen years con- 
secutive service. Albert J. Greene, who was also 
city treasurer, was elected in 1866 and, excepting 
1884, when Lewis G. Mayers was elected for one 
year, he has been the only treasurer. The last 
annual report gives the receipts at $18,459.52, and 
the average premium for loans twenty per cent. 
The present officers are: President, Joseph Rut- 
land; Secretary, Henry Black; Treiisurer,*A. J- 
Greene; Directors: Peter McAdam.s, Thos. Black, 
Jolin McUmoyl, Joseph O'Kane, Alonzo D. Husted, 
William C. Turkington, Harrison Eger, Frank 
Ratferty. 

SOCIETIES. 

Cloud Lodge, No. 101, Free and Accepted 
Masons, was formed in 1869, largely through the 
endeavors of Benjamin Cloud, of Woodbury, and 
by his efforts a meeting was held in Washington 
Hall September 27th, when Richard C. Horner, 
Philip H. Fowler, William Mulford, William C. 
Burch, Joseph Tucker, John P. Booth, William 
Willian, William W. Garrett and William Ames 
applied to the Grand Lodge of New Jersey for a 
dispensation to form a lodge of Free and Accepted 
Masons, with the following officers : R. C. Horner, 
W. M. ; P. H. Fowler, S. W. ; William C. -Mulford, 
J.W. ; William C. Burch, Treasurer; Willi.am 
Ames, Secretary. 

The warrant constituting Cloud Lodge was re- 
ceived January 31, 1870, and the officers were P. 
H. Fowler, W. M.; William C. Mulford, S. W. ; 
William C. Burch, J. W.; John C. Stinson, Trea- 
surer ; William Ames, Secretary. 

The following have served the lodge as Worthy 
Masters : 



1870-7V.— PliilipH. Fowlor. 
1872.— Edwaid Mills. 
1K73. John P. Bootb. 
1874.— Edwin Tomliuson. 
1875.— John Gourley. 
187ti.— William \V. Garrett. 
1877.— Thouiaa J. Finney. 
1878. —George A. Dolibiiw. 



187g.-_Frank M. Hoffman. 
1880.- G. William Barnard. 
1881.— Wm. C. Biirch. 
1882.— Tboraaa J. Finnoy. 
1883.— Henry M. Harley. 
18S4.— Wm. H. Bowker. 
1885.— John W. Warner. 



The lodge now has twenty-five members. 

Mount Ararat Lodge, No. 8, Masonic 
Ladies, which meets in Powell's Hall, is one of 
the most prosperous .societies of Gloucester, and was 



602 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



organized October 8, 1867, in Union Hall, with the 
following charter members : 



Sarah A. Conover. 
Eliza Bambo. 
Mary A. Higham. 
Jennie Warburton. 
Sarah Parker. 
Elizabeth Alawaya. 
Mary Richmond. 
Annie M. West. 
Patience O'Harali. 
Elizabeth Rodgers. 
Julia Smallwood. 
Rusanna Horner. 
Anna F. Conover. 
Hannah Tatem. 
Lizzie Herron. 
Priscilla Lewis. 
Hannah Doughty. 
Anna D. Morton. 
Sarah Stillings. 
Margaret Thomas. 
Sarah Matlack. 
Elizabeth Starr. 
Martha Tomliuson. 
Eliza J. Herron. 
Lizzie Horner. 



Elizabeth Grove. 
Sue Ilendrickson. 
Sarah Counor. 
Jane Colwell. 
Caroline Bastian. 
Louisa J. Daisey. 
Sarah J. KIberson. 
Abigail Marsh. 
Mary A. Miller. 
Emma Neill. 
Ellen Turner. 
Mary Wynn. 
Sarah Solomon. 
Ellen F. Carney. 
Emeline Pew, 
Emma Daisey. 
Mary Farras. 
Mary E. Irvin. 
Milicent Laflerty. 
Rebecca Marple. 
Frances Taylor. 
Deborah "Wilkins. 
Parmelia Yeager. 
Georgiana Frazer. 



The officerj for 1886 are Past I. H. P., Amanda 
Cheeseman ; I. H. P., Laura Beckett; H. P., Ella 
Pursglove; S. of C, Lou Richardson ; S. I., Emma 
Lanagan ; J. I., Stella Parker ; Tiler, Emma 
Ross; Treasurer, Amanda Adams ; R. S., Hannah 
Tatem ; F. S., Anna D. Norton. 

Arwames Lodge, No. 37, /. 0. 0. F., was insti- 
tuted February 5, 1846, by Samuel T. Reed, 
Grand Master of New Jersey, assisted by D. D. 
G. M. Samuel Lilly, G. W. Joseph Notts, G. C. 
Joseph Narine, G. G. A. P. Darast and Grand 
Marshal James P. Taylor. The charter members 
were Dr. William C. Mulford, Reuben M. Dimock, 
Henry Wiggins and John Howarth. The lodge 
prospered for several years, but the Civil War 
depleted its membership and it ceased working 
until May 7, 1871, when it was reorganized with 
these members : 



Thomas M. White. 
Alexander A. PowelJ. 
David P. Morgan. 
James L. Hines. 
Henry Van Possen. 
James Neild. 
Joseph B. Ellis. 
Samuel T. Murphy. 



Wesley Anderson. 
Joseph A. Leeds. 
Edmund HofTman. 
George W. Dickensheets. 
William H. Banks. 
John E. Miller. 
Joseph R. Smith. 



The meetings were held in Greene's Hall and a 
strong organization was effected. Its present 
membership is thirty-four, with these officers : N. 
G., Albert Munn ; V. G., Joseph C. Berry ; R. S., 
Joseph C. Penn ; W., David P. Morgan ; C, 
Henry P. Hill; L G., Henry Wiltse. Among the 
Noble Grands previous to the suspension were 



William C. Mulford, Wesley Anderson, Samuel 
T. Murphy, Edmund Hoffman and Frank Mul- 
ford. The following have been the Noble Grands 
since the reorganization : 



Tbomas K. White. 
Alexander A. Powell. 
John E. Miller. 
Robert Verdin. 
Albert Munn. 
James Neild. 
Charles Mason. 
George Oatley. 
Squire Brooks. 
James E. Parker. 
Henry P. Hill. 
Joseph Test. 



George McLaughlin 
Lewis C. Harris. 
George A. Dobbins. 
William B. Gardiuo 
Joseph Cooper. 
Samuel Pettit. 
Joseph C. Penn. 
John P. Booth. 
Wesley Anderson. 
Hugh O'Neil. 
William Buckley. 



Ancient Castle, No. 2, A. 0. K. M. C. — 
The Ancient Order of the Knights of the Mystic 
Chain was founded in Reading, Pa., February 2, 
1871, by J. O. Mathers and J. M. Brown. It now 
numbers one hundred and fifty castles in that 
State and ten in New Jersey, the latter recently 
formed through the zeal of members of the Glou- 
cester Castle. 

Ancient Castle, No. 2, was founded chiefly 
through the eftbrts of William L. and Harry S. 
Simpkins, George and Samuel B. Lee, who called 
a meeting at the house of James Carr, on Hudson 
Street, and securing twenty-four names, resolved 
to apply for a charter, and March 15, 1878, this 
castle was instituted, with the following-named 
charter members: 



William L. Simkiaa. 
George Lee. 
J. H. Brown. 
James M. Chapman. 
Samuel Beaston. 
Benjamin S. Ch' 
Henry B. Wiltse. 
W. N. Fenie. 
William Greene. 
Joseph L. Hebbard. 
George Morrison. 
Jesse Perkins. 
Frederick Fabirnei 



Harry S. Simkins. 
Samuel B. Lee. 
Thomas Conover. 
Lewis S. June. 
George W. Lake. 
Isaiah Magee. 
William Daisey. 
Joseph Greene. 
William Kent. 
Tlionias Lake. 
Abraham McLeod. 
Samuel Burrows. 



The castle has prospered and gathered within 
its fold many of the best and most influential citi- 
zens, among them- these, who have been active in 
spreading the order in this part of the State : Past 
Supreme Commanders Lewis G. Mayers, James A. 
Wamsley, M. D., Walter W. Larkins and George 
W. Cheeseman. 

Standing Elk Tribe, No. 22, Improved O. of 
R. M., was instituted February 25, 1871, by Great 
Prophet Charles H. Gordon, of Camden, with 
these charter members,— 



Willism W. Taylo 
John McEllmoyl. 



Charles B. Jlusgrove. 
James Paul. 



GLOUCESTER CITY. 



603 



John A. Baker. 
Willmm Keys. 
Samuel T. Murpliy. 
Robert M. Watson. 
Joseph WiKgleswortb. 
Jacob Stetser. 
Wright Burgess. 



Jami'B Kane. 
Joseph A. Teat. 
George W. BIcIiaugbl 
Isajic Unrrough. 
David Kassner. 
Wesley Auilersou. 
Saiiiuel B. Lee. 



Knights of Pythias. — Franklin Lodge, No. 
20, K. of P., was instituted in Washington Hall, 
August 18, 1869, by Acting G. C, Stephen D. 
Young; G. V. C, Thomas G. Rowand ; G. P., 
Samuel Williams ; G. K. of R., William B. French ; 
G. M. of F., C. Mahevv ; G. M. of E., James H. 
Pierson; G. M. A., A. Frank Holt; G. I. G., 
William P. Rep.sher"; G. 0. G., Samuel Braddock, 
all of Camden, except J. H. Pierson, of Woodbury- 
These were the charter members initiated at the 
institution of the lodge : Peter V. Brown, Charles 
F. Mayers, Thomas J. Finney, John O. Hines^ 
Samuel Finney, George Learning, Lewis G. May- 
ers, John C. Jordan, Levi Sharp, John D. Harley, 
Edgar Roby, Robert Booth, Robert Heaton, Wil- 
liam R. Britton, Albert Munn, James Paul, George 
Whipple, William S. Chew, William B. Simon, 
Ambrose Strong, George W. Powell, Henry Harley, 
Mark L. Lacey, Alvin Berry, Thomas Conover, 
Joseph Tucker, Leroy Starkweather, Edward 
Noble. 

These were the officers installed August IS, 1860: 
P. C, James Magee ; C. C, Peter V. Brown ; 
V. C, Samuel Finney; K. of R. and S., Charles 
F. Mayers; M. of F.,Thomas J. Finney ; M. of C , 
Samuel Beaston; M. of A., John D. Harley; I. G., 
John O. Hines ; O. G., Edgar Roby. 

The Past Chancellors of the lodge are Peter 
V. Brown, Samuel Finney, A. E. Tallman, John 
D. Harley, William Brown, John Motfatt, How- 
artli Law, Henry Law, Edgar Roby, Henry Black, 
Robert Heaton, Griffith J. Cassels, William Cald- 
well, Daniel Forrest, Joseph Wigglesworth, James 
Radcliffe, George Angleman, John B. Morrell, 
John P. Booth, William R. Britton, Robert Booth, 
Joseph Berry, Elwood Fisher, Douglass J. Rob- 
inson, Thomas F. Middleton, Asa V. Locke, 
Frank M. Neild, Jehu A. Locke, John S. White- 
field, Samuel T. Murphy, William Feeney. 

The officers for 1886 are : P. C, William Feeney ; 
C. C, Arthur G. Clark; V. C, Hugh Sterling; 
P., John Moffiitt ; K. of R. and S., Robert Heaton ; 
M. of F., Benjamin F. Upham ; M. of E., Henry 
Black ; M. A. A., Elijah R. Locke; O. G., Thomas 
Steen. 

The lodge has fifty-nine members, and meets 
in McBride's Hall every Tuesday evening. 

The Y'ounu Republican Club was formed in 
July, 1880, as a cami)aign club, with James Finley 



as captain and William Hewlings, lieutenant, 
but in October following it was reorganized as a 
permanent body, for social ])urposes, with new 
officers: President, Henry F. West; Vice-Presi- 
dent, John H. McMurray ; Secretary, Robert 
Brannan ; Treasurer, Charles F. Reeves. A room 
was secured at the northeast corner of King and 
Hudson Street.-i, and furnished with all the neces- 
sities for social and mental enjoyment. Christmas, 
New Year's and the Fourth of July are days of 
special observance, but other seasons furnish 
occasions for banquets or less gastronomic pleas- 
ures. The membership numbers sixty, and the 
officers are : President, Henry F. West ; Vice- 
Presidents, William H. Banks and John H. Mc- 
Murray ; Secretary, Harry Reeves ; Treasurer, 
G. William Barnard. No liquors are tolerated 
about the club-room. 

The Women's Christian Temperance Union 
meets in the building long known as the Wash- 
ington Hotel, at the corner of Hudson and Willow 
Streets. It was formed May 10, 1882, in the 
Methodist Episcopal Church, largely through the 
efforts of Mrs. Fannie H. Carr, president of the 
Women's Christian Temperance Union, No. 1, of 
Camden. The following were the original officers : 
President, Mrs- Rev. H. M. Brown ; Vice-Presi- 
dents, Mrs. Edna Taylor and Mrs. Rev. J. R. 
Milligan ; Secretary, Mrs. Theresa Anderson ; 
Treasurer, Mrs. Mary R. Michaels. 

Fitting up the rooms on Hudson Street, the Union 
began an active career of usefulness and benevo- 
lence. Soup is distributed to the worthy poor 
during the winter season ; and a library well 
stocked with carefully selected books -provides 
good reading matter, in comfortable quarters, to all 
who choose to avail themselves of the privileges. 
The officers of the library are : President, Richard 
Hoffner, Jr.; Secretary, D. Roscoe Harris; Treas- 
urer, Emma Collings; Librarians, Emma Collings 
and Sarah J. Lippincott. The present officer.* of 
the Union, which now numbers eighty-four mem- 
bers, are: President, Mrs. Edna Taylor; Vice- 
Presideut, Mrs. Rev. D. B. Harris ; Treasurer, 
Mrs. A. M. Lippincott ; Secretary, Sarah J. Lippin- 
cott ; Superintendent of Literature, Mrs. M. R. 
Michaels. 

The Catholic Social Club for mental improve- 
ment was formed in 1883, and contains some of the 
brightest minds among the young men of the 
Catholic faith in Gloucester. The officers selected 
were, — ^President, James McLaughlin ; Secretary, 
Herman Eger ; Treasurer, Peter McAdams ; Li- 
brarian, Daniel F. Lane. 

The club occupies rooms on King Street, above 



604 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Hurlson, which are handsomely furnished, and the 
library is well filled with carefully selected books, 
to which the late Father Kars liberally contributed. 
The membership numbers twenty-five and the first 
officers are still retained. 

The Young Men's Catholic Beneficial Soci- 
ety was organized in 1873, with thirty charter mem- 
bers and the following officers: President, John J. 
LafFerty ; Secretary, Michael M. MuUins ; Treas- 
urer, Daniel Kenny. It is No. 314, and is char- 
tered by the Irish Catholic Beneficial Union. It 
has prospered and now has a membership of one 
hundred and thirty. 

Gloucester Point as a Pleasure Resort.— 
Hermaomissing was the Indian name for Glou- 
cester Point. The eastern shore of the Dela- 
ware River, from Trenton to the sea, presents no 
more attractive resort for the lovers of combined 
rural and aquatic diversions than Gloucester Point. 
At the head of the Horseshoe Bend, where the 
Jersey shore trends to the east and the Pennsyl- 
vania shore to the west, the river expands to bay- 
like iiroportions, and opens to the eye a river-view 
many miles in extent, and from the surface, cooled by 
contact with the water, southwestwardly breezes, 
the prevailing winds of the summer-time, come with 
refreshing vigor during the heated term. Joined to 
this, the six thousand feet of gravelly river-shore, 
affording ready facilities for beaching small craft, 
with excellent fishing in the river and creeks 
around, the fact that the Point has been from the 
earliest times a favorite pleasure resort, needs no 
explanation. Three miles from Market Street, 
Philadelphia, it is an easy row or sail, and hun- 
dreds did and thousands do make it their Mecca, 
on pleasure bent. 

The Philadelphia Fox-Hunting Club made it a 
place of rendezvous during its existence from 1766 
to 1818, with the headquarters at William Hugg's 
Ferry-house, while the kennel was located on the 
site of William J. Thompson's hotel. In excavat- 
ing for the foundations of this building, a few years 
ago, a quantity of bones, the remains of canine 
feasts, were unearthed. Following the Fox-Hunt- 
ing Club, in 1828, came the Fish-House Company, 
now the Prospect Hill Association. There is a 
dispute as to the date, some fixing it as late as 1838. 

George P. Little, of Philadelphia writes : "That 
originally the Fish-House Company was organized 
by someold Waltonians, who, during the summer 
months, met semi-weekly under the large sycamore 
trees that once lined the shore of the Delaware, 
from Newton Creek to Timber Creek. Chief 
among those veterans in handling the rod and fry- 
ing-pan was Jesse Williamson, and in organizing 



a club in 1838, it wa.s called the Williamson Fish- 
ing Club, and, at his request, on the erection of the 
present house, the name was changed to the Pros- 
pect Hill A'^sociation. 

The claim is made, however, on good authority, 
that when the Fox-Hunting Club disbanded a 
fishing club was formed, and that a house was built 
in 1828 on Prospect Hill, a high blun overlooking 
the mouth of Timber Creek to the south, and that 
it was replaced, in 1838, by the present spacious 
two-story club-house, where, twice a month, from 
May to October, the members, under penalty for 
absence, gather and feast on viands of their own 
preparing — not fish alone, but anything that lures 
the appetite — not water alone, but aqua pura di- 
luted to a weakness assuring to weak nerves. 
Among well-known names on the list of past and 
present members are these, — President and Cap- 
tain, E. J. Hinchen, of the Philadelphia Sunday 
DUpntch, who, for thirty-two years, did not miss an 
opening-day; James B. Stevenson, Charles W. 
Bender, William F. Hughes, Benjamin Franklin, 
Peter Glasgow, George W. Wharton, William 
Richardson, Peleg B. Savery, Peter Lyle, Chapman 
Freeman, George J. Weaver, Louis Pelouze, Mah- 
lon Williamson, Jacob Faunce, B. J. Williams, 
George Bockius, Thomas F. Bradley, Joseph B. 
Lyndall, S. Gross Fry, Benjamin Allen, John Kri- 
der, George P. Little, Peter Lane, Samuel Collins, 
William Patterson, J. W. Swain, Samuel Simes, 
Jesse Williamson (one of the originators), and 
others. The membership is limited to thirty, and, 
as they are long-lived, the entire roll of members 
during the fifty-eight years of its existence con- 
tains but few over one hundred names. 

Be-idesthe Prospect Hill Association, other clubs 
and individuals have built houses along the shore, 
where, during the summer months, they bring 
their families and friends for a day's outing, spend- 
ing the hours in fishing, and retiring to the houses 
when hungry. In a cluster, north of Hitchner's 
Surf House, are nearly a hundred boat-houses, 
belonging to Philadelphians, who visit Gloucester 
Point for fishing and sailing, engaging frequently 
in regattas, a favorite course for which is around 
the Block House and repeat, making a sail of six- 
teen miles, during the whole of which the fleet is 
in full view from the Point. Several large hotels 
line the shore for the accommodation of visitors — 
notably the Buena Vista and Thompson's, famous 
for planked shad, the Surf House, Fath's, Hagger- 
ty's, McGlade's and Costello's. These form a dis- 
tinct portion of the city, and, although comprising 
a part of the municipality, with patrons and pur- 
poses entirely different. 



GLOUCESTP^R CITY. 



605 



Matthew Med fill I', i>i-obal)ly a son of the one 
who settled at the place in KiSS, established a fish- 
ery below the wharf extending to Timber Greek. 
The title to the fishery passed to two daughters of 
William Masters, Mrs. Richard Penn and Mrs. 
Turner Camac. Samuel Reeves, now of Haddon- 
field, was in 1818 conducting the Eagle Point 
Fishery at Red Bank. He says at that time the 
fishery at the place mentioned was operated by 
William and Aaron Wood, and belonged to Joseph 
Hugg. who was keejiing the feri-y and ferry-house. 
He also says John Mickle, son of Isaac, was then 
conducting a fishery above Newton Creek. 

Gloucester Fox-Hunting Club. — A num- 
ber of gentlemen of Philadelphia interested in 
hunting convened at the Philadelphia Cotl'ee- 
House, southwest corner of Front Street and Mar- 
ket, October 29, 1766, to organize a club. Twenty- 
seven were present; among them occur the names 
of Benjamin Chew, Thomas Lawrence, John 
Dickinson, Robert Morris, John Cadwallader, 
Charles and Thomas Willing, James Wharton, 
Andrew Hamilton and others, who, in later years, 
became famous in the councils of the State and 
nation. They agreed to keep a kennel of fox- 
hounds, and to pay to the treasurer five pounds 
each for the purpose. In 17G9 old Natty, a negro 
man belonging to Mr. Morris, was engaged year 
after year as knight of the whip placed in charge 
of the kennel. 

He was allowed fifty pounds per annum, a house 
and a horse. In 1774 a hunting uniform was 
adopted, a dark brown cloth coat with lapeled 
dragoon pockets, white buttons and frock sleeves, 
buff waistcoat and breeches and a velvet cap. In 
1777 the kennel consisted of sixteen couple of 
choice fleet hounds, and in 1778 twenty-two 
hounds. 

The kennel was established soon after the or- 
ganization on the banks of the Delaware River, 
near Gloucester Point, and while the business 
meetings were held in Philadelphia, the rendez- 
vous for hunting was established at the inn of 
William Hugg, at Gloucester Point Ferry. After 
the Revolution the club was revived and the mem- 
bers increased. Twenty of the members were the 
founders of the City Troop of Philadelphia, and the 
commander of the Troop, Samuel Morris, Jr., was 
until 1812 the president of the club. The hunts 
took place usually in Gloucester County, at Chows 
Landing, Blackwoodtown, Heston's (ilass Works, 
and sometimes at Thompsons Point, on the Dela- 
ware. Jonas Catteil, the noted guide and whipper 
in of the club, was tall, muscular, possessed of un- 
common activity and endurance, ile was re-elected 
73 



for the service in the winter of U'.HI, and continued 
until the dissolution of the club, in 1818. His 
keen sagacity, knowledge of woodcraft and of the 
habits of game rendered his services invaluable. 
The death of Captain Charles Ross, in 1818, caused 
the final disbanding of the club. The kennel was 
distributed among the members, and their progeny 
are scattered all over West Jersey. 

Fisheries. — Various places along the Delaware 
River, at Gloucester, became noted as shad-fish- 
ing stations at the time of the settlement, but the 
first mention of them is contained in a will of 
Sarah Bull, made in 1742. She was a daugiiter of 
Thomas Bull, whose mother, Sarah Bull, is men- 
tioned as a widow in 1688, and as owning one of 
the lots that extended down to the river. The 
fishery designated was above the wharf, extending 
to Newton Creek, and was left by her to the Har- 
I'isous, and used until the erection of the factory, 
when its usefulness was destroyed. Gloucester 
Point has ever been the resort of experienced 
fishermen, whose purpose was less for pleasure 
than gain, and fisheries vvith immense nets have 
trouliled the waters ever since the white mall's 
boat first pressed the gravelly strand. For many 
years it was the occasion of an annual picnic with 
New Jersey farmers, far and near, to go with their 
teams, in large companies, each spring, to Glou- 
cester Point, load their wagons with shad, haul 
them home and cure them for family use during 
the year, salted and smoked herring and shad being 
deemed as essential to the larder as pickled pork. 
Shad were more plentiful and larger in those days 
than now. In the language of Alexander A. 
Powell, a fisherman, threescore years ago, " Shad 
don't run as they used to do when I was a boy ; 
they used to bring in six thousand at a haul ; now 
six hundred is a big catch, and such big ones as 
they used to catch ! eight-pounders, many of them, 
while now a four-pounder is called a beauty." 
The Hugg fishery, extending from Clark's to the 
old ferry at Hitchner's, and the Champion fishery, 
north from Hitchner's to Newton Creek. The 
latter was purchased by the Gloucester Land 
Company in 1848. The Clark fishery was united 
with tlie Hugg right about seventy years ago, and 
Alfred Hugg, a leading lawyer of Camden, whose 
ancestors for generations owned the fishery, with 
other heirs, is now the owner, and was the opera- 
tor until 1886, when it was leased to William J. 
Thompson and William Guy. The net used is five 
hundred and seventy-five fathoms in length, 
twenty fathoms in deptli, and the lines over four 
miles long, being the largest net used on the Dela- 
ware. Shuri-lisliing lias been less lucrative .since 



606 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



gill-fisliing c.uiie into vogue. This method came 
into use as early as 1800, and was considered in- 
jurious to the general fisheries to such an extent 
that an act was passed, November 26, 1808, pro- 
hibiting the use of the drift net or gilling seines. 
This act was in force many years, and June 10, 
1820, Aaron Patterson, Charles Anderson, William 
Griffith and William Campbell were tried for the 
offense committed May 6th, opposite Howell's 
fishing-grounds, at Red Bank. The act became 
inoperative a few years later, and the method was 
largely used. 

Alexander A. Powell was one of the earliest to 
engage in this mode of fishing. He drifted his first 
net, sixty fathoms long, from Gloucester to Red 
Bank, in 1828, and continued in the same occupa- 
tion, each returning spring, until 1882, when the 
weight of seventy winters compelled him to desist. 
Sixteen gill-fishers now constitute the Gloucester 
contingent, using nets one hundred and thirty 
fathoms long. Formerly sturgeon fishing was 
quite a business, but it has fallen off, and the 
boats go to the bay in the early part of the season, 
following the fish as they move up the river, and 
reach Gloucester in July. 

There are two fishing districts on the Delaware 
River, in Camden County. The southern district 
extends from Federal Street, Camden, to Timber 
Creek. Patrick McGallagher is fish warden of this 
district. The following is a statement of the catch 
for 1886, with the number of men employed and 
nets used : At Gloucester, William J. Thompson 
and William Guy employ sixty men, and work a 
net of five hundred fathoms length. The number 
of roe shad caught was 9240; bucks, 6153 ; skips, 
2431,— total, 17,824; herring, 179,406; rock fish, 
691. Gloucester City, 21 gillers, 2500 fathoms, 
8300 shad. Bridge Avenue, Camden, 10 gillers, 
750 fathoms ; 3000 shad. Kaighns Point, 10 gil- 
lers, 1000 fathoms, 5000 shad. 

Planked Shad may not be called an industry, 
but planked shad dinners are an institution pecu- 
liar to Glouce.'*t.er Point, one that is rapidly winning 
popularity for the locality. Who was the inventor, 
and when and where the invention was first a])- 
plied, is not surely known. Tradition has it that 
a hundred years ago Jersey dames, living near the 
banks of the Delaware, always famous for the 
abundance and delicate flavor of its shad, pleased 
and cultivated the epicurean appetites of their 
lords, the ploughmen and the fishermen of the day, 
by serving up the dainty fish, toasted on oaken 
planks, free from the effluvia of swine fat. This is 
tradition, however, dark, dim and uncertain, but 
living testimony verifies the statement. 



Samuel Reeves, now in his ninety-sixth year, 
living in Haddonfield, began fishing at Eagle Point 
fi.shery, at Red Bank, in 1818, and says planked 
shad were then prepared, but not often, and not 
until many years later did it become extensively 
known. About fifty years ago " Aunt Polly " 
Powell, wife of Abraham Powell, living near the 
shore at Gloucester Point, so served the fish, on 
occasions, to the hungry disciples of " Izaak Wal- 
ton," who souglit the gravelly shore on piscatorial 
expeditions. " Aunt Polly " — the term was one of 
affection and respect — did not make it a business to 
cater for the hungry, but, at times, fishing-parties, 
hungering and thirsting, would entreat her kind 
offices in warming a cup of coffee or frying a bit of 
bacon, and, in the goodness of her kindly heart, 
she .sometimes varied the regimen witli planked 
shad, to their delight and her gain. " Aunt Polly's " 
skill, however, never made planked shad famous. 
They were delicious, and the fishermen knew it, 
and repeated the experiment to prove the fact; but 
they were not judges, for fishermen are always 
hungry, and a hungry man knows not whether it 
be the excellence of the viand or the sharpened 
appetite that makes it taste so good. 

The first to provide the dish to parties was Mrs. 
Wills, the widow of Aden G. Wills, who kept the 
ferry-house, " The Old Brick," over forty years 
ago. He removed to Red Bank, where Mrs. Wills 
supplied planked shad to her guests occasionally. 
Aden^Wills died and Mrs. Wills, who is still living 
in Philadelphia, leased the Buena Vista, at Glou- 
cester Point, about thirty years ago, and had a lim- 
ited patronage for j:>lank shad. Among her regular 
patrons was Detective Ben Franklin, who some- 
times alone, at other times with company, doubled 
his enjoyment by sampling the luscious dish 
while inhaling draughts of cool air. But while 
Mrs. Wills was an expert in the culinary art, she 
knew not the mysteries of printer's ink, and the 
knowledge of the dish was limited. 

Daniel Wills, a son, served planked shad at the 
Buena Vista years later, and alter that at the 
Lazaretto, where many a bon vivant sought his 
hospitality. A Chester host took up the role a 
number of years ago, and many went thither for 
the delightful dish, but the later lustre of the 
Gloucester dinners has paled the rival lights in the 
land of Penn, and if they still burn, it is dimly 
and subdued. Plank shad continued to be served, 
but their renown was confined within narrow 
bounds, and Philadelphia almost monopolized the 
privilege until about ten years ago, when William — 
J. Thompson, who had been running the Buena 
Vista, was supplanted by John Plum, and, building 



l^^M^^ 



M O 





GLOUCESTER CITY. 



a hciiise of his own farther soutli on the shore, 
set rival tables, wliicb, exeiting cnuilation, leil to a 
strife for trade that lined both their cotters with 
silver and gold. 

The rivalry led to extensive advertising, until 
Gloucester Point's special dainty had been read of 
all over the land, and parties from distant States, 
after experimenting, have gone home, told their 
story and started others on the pilgrimage. John J. 
Jackson succeeded Plum, who supplies the com- 
modity at the " Buck," on Timber Creek, butthe pil- 
grimage to Gloucester still continued, requiring 
constant expansion and multiplicatio'n of appliances 
to feed the increasing pilgrims, which this year will 
reach ten thousand. All classes are included, 
United States judges. Senators, Congressmen and 
heads of departments. Governors, legislators, 
State, county and municipal officials, military and 
naval heroes, the grave, the gay, all, in singles, 
pairs and filties, all partake ; even the bootblack, 
if he has the price, may enjoy the luxury, barring 
the vi'ine. 

Mr. Thomp.son is consUintly adding attractions 
to his spacious hotel, and his guests warmly praise 
his hospitality and successful management. He is 



one of Gloucester's most active citizens, and in 
business and political matters, a leader. When Mr. 
Thompson came to Gloucester (1869) " planked 
shad" dinners were served in a primitive way. 
He has brought it to a state of perfection, and his 
hotel is the resort not only of Philadelphia's most 
noted people, but the entire country. It is a great 
place for foreign tourists, who desire to receive in- 
struction about the mysteries of that great .Ameri- 
can dish. 

Plank shad is thus prepared and served. A hick- 
ory or white-oak plank, two and a half inches thick, 
is heated almost to ignition ; upon it is placed a 
" roe shad," fresh from the water, and split down 
the back, seasoned and then placed before a fire of 
coals. It requires from half to three-quarters of au 
hour to cook properly. The fire cooks one side, 
the hot plank the other, the process conserving the 
aroma and juices ; and served hot, with new pota- 
toes, fresh green peas, asparagus and waffles, with 
wine to those who will, it is a dish fit for the most 
epicurean of American sovereigns. 

Among the noted sportsmen was John burroughs, 
whose reputation for fishing and gunning was 
second to none in the country. 



THE BOROUGH OF HADDONFIELD. 



CHAPTER XI. 

Early History — Francis Collins, John Kay, Timothy Matlack, Jacob 
Clement, Samuel Clement, Thomas Perry Webb, Thomas Redman, 
Hugh Creigbton, William Griscom, Benjamin Hartley — Local In- 
cidents of the Revolution— Haddonfield in 1825 and 1835— Friendship 
Fire Company — Old Taverns — The Post Office— Library Company — 
The Friends — Baptist Church — Slethodist Church — Episcopal 
Church — Presbyterian Church — Schools — Business Interests — So- 
cieties. 

Eaely History. — The land on which this town 
is situated was embraced in two surveys, one of five 
hundred acres, made to Francis Collins, Oct. 23, 
1G82, and another of five hundred acres to Richard 
Mathews, in 1683. The former may be described as 
lying southwest of Ellis Street, and extending from 
the head of the middle branch of Newton Creek to 
the south branch of Coopers Creek. The King's 
Highway, or Salem road, passed through it. The 
28th of Eleventh Month, 1724, Joseph Collins, 
heir-at-law of Francis Collins, conveyed the por- 
tion west of Salem road to John Estaugh. He 
retained the eastern portion, where his father had 
erected a mansion house on the hill south of the 
village, which he named " Mountwell." The site is 
now occupied by Reilly's Seminary. The larger 
portion of the Collins tract, not occupied by the 
town, is now owned by the Hinchmau estate and 
William H. Nicholson and others. 

The Matthews tract adjoined the Collins tract 
on the north, and extended to Coopers Creek. 
Richard Mathews was a Friend and resided in 
London at the time of the purchase of this land, 
but, a few years later, removed to Stoke Newington, 
England, where he died in 1696. He was inter- 
ested in the Province, was probably a creditor of 
Edward Byllinge, and, through his agents, made 
several surveys in Gloucester County, as it is not 
known that he ever came to this country. In 1691 
he sold, through his attorney, Ellas Farr, one 
608 



hundred acres of the tract above mentioned to 
William Lovejoy, it being that portion that lay 
between the main street of Haddonfield and Coop- 
ers Creek. William Lovejoy was a blacksmith, 
and it is supi^osed his shop was the smith-shop 
marked on the Thomas Sharp map of 1700. The 
hind was granted him by Richard Mathews, for 
services, and in 1696 Thomas Gardiner, Jr., son- 
in-law of Richard Mathews, as administrator of 
the Mathews estate, granted Lovejoy fifty acres 
additional, for services rendered. This tract lay 
beyond the present Evans' mill, in Delaware town- 
ship, and was called the Uxbridge. Lovejoy aban- 
doned his occupation soon after, and sold all his 
land, in the year 1696, to Thomas Kendall, who 
erected a mansion-house and corn-mill. The mill 
contained but one set of burrs, and was known as 
the " Free Lodge Mill," and was probably the first 
of the kind in the county of Gloucester. The land 
and mill passed, in 1702, to Henry Treadway, who 
soon after sold to Mordecai Howell, who, in 1705, 
conveyed it to John Walker and Thomas Carlisle. 
The latter, in 1708, sold his undivided half-interest 
to Walker, who, in 1710, sold the land, one hun- 
dred and fifty acres, to John Kay, Joshua Kay, 
John Ktiy, Jr., and Simeon Ellis. In 1713 John 
Kay, Jr. and Simeon Ellis gave to John Kay a 
quit-claim deed for their right in the property. 

John Kay was among the leading men of the 
settlement, and first purchased one hundred acres 
of Francis Collins in 1684, situated on the north 
side of the north branch of Coopers Creek, and is 
now part of the farm lately owned by Joseph W. 
Cooper, deceased. The land lies about one mile 
east of Ellisburg, in Delaware township, this 
county. At his house, in 1685, under the author- 
ity of the Quarterly Meeting of Friends at Bur- 
lington, an Indulged Meeting was organized, and 
continued there several years. In 1685 John Kay 



THE BOROUGH OF HADDONFIELD. 



609 



was elected to the General Assembly of the prov- 
ince of West New Jersey, and again in 170;i— I. 
He was also appointed one of the justices of Glou- 
cester County, by virtue of which he was one of 
the judges of the courts of the county. In 1710, 
(the year he pui-chased the Lovejoy survey), he 
was again elected a member of the Assembly, and 
upon the meeting of that body, at Burlington, 
elected speaker, and was re-elected for the sessions 
of 1711-12-13. He was defeated for Assembly in 
171(3 by Daniel Coxe. When in the Assembly he 
was chairman of the committee to make the set- 
tlement of the boundary line between New York 
and New Jersey, and also chairman of the com- 
mittee to prepare a law to fix the partition line 
between East and West Jersey. He died in 1742, 
leaving a widow, Sarah, and several children, — 
John, Sarah (who married James Norris), Mary, 
Isaac, Josiah, Benjamin and Joseph. At the time 
of his death he owned all the land east of the 
main street in Haddon field, from Coopers Creek 
to a line near Ellis Street, excepting a few lots 
sold to Timothy Slatlack and others. He also 
owned tracts of land in Delaware township and 
other parts of what is now Gloucester and Camden 
Counties. In 1727 he conveyed to his son Isaac 
several tracts of land, containing seven hundred 
and thirty-four acres, situated on both branches of 
Coopers Creek. In this deed he is mentioned as 
"John Kay, of the Grist-Mill, at the head of 
Coopers Creek, in Newton township, Gloucester 
County, New Jersey." The only part of the estate 
now in the family name is owned by Isaac M. Kay 
(a lineal descendant of John), of Haddonfield, and 
is in Delaware township. The tract in Haddonfield 
passed to John Kay, a son, except a portion owned 
by Sarah Norris. The mill property was in the por- 
tion conveyed to Isaac and passed to his son Joseph, 
by whom it was resurveyed in 1791, and, later, 
passed to Mathias Kay. The old mill was in New- 
ton township, and its site can still be seen in the 
bed of the pond when the water is low. In 1779 it 
was moved about one hundred yards down the 
stream and to the north, on the site of the pre- 
sent Evans' mill, in Delaware. In 1819 Thomas 
Evans purchased the mill property of Mathias 
Kay, and, in 1839, rebuilt it, and on the south side, 
at the end of the dam, about 1820, built a full- 
ing-mill, which was rented by Russell Millard, who 
began business and continued until about 1854, 
when it was destroyed by fire. Thomas Evans 
died in 1849, and left the mill to his son, Josiah B. 
Evans, who, in 1834, associated with him Solomon 
Matlack, a millwright. He died in 1869 and left 
the property to his children. The business is now 



conducted by Joseph G. Evans & Co. In 1883 
the machinery was changed and the Roller Process 
and other improvements adopted. 

Sarah, a daughter of John Kay, nuirried .lames 
Norris, a shipwright, and built one of the first 
houses in Haddonfield, on a lot given her by her 
father in which she kept a store. She was taxed 
in 1723 and for many years after. This was prob- 
ably the first store in Haddonfield. Her husband 
died in 1742, and left a daughter, Elizabeth, who 
married Isaac Smith in 1739 and John Hinchman 
in 1747. Sarah Norris died in 1757. The old 
house in which she kept her store stood on the 
west side of the main street, near the corner of 
Potter Street, and her dwelling, a two-story hipped 
roof with a high basement, stood on the same 
property. 

Timothy Matlack, son of William, came to 
Haddonfield in 1726 and opened a shop. In 1733 
he was assessed 10s., and Sarah Norris G.<. 8d. 
Matl.ack received from his father, William, in 
1714, a tract of land in Waterford township, near 
Glendale, where he built a house and settled. In 
1720 he sold it and removed to Haddonfield, It 
does not appear that he bought until August 6, 
1732, in which year he purchased of John Estaugh 
several lots on the west side of Main Street, embrac- 
ing the American House property, and above and be- 
low and some distance to the rear. On September 1st, 
the same year, he bought four acres of John Kay, on 
the east side of the main street, opposite the 
American House. In 1743 he sold part of the last- 
named purchase to Jacob Clement, a tanner, in 
whose descendants it still remains. The lot on 
which the residence of George Horter now stands 
was part of the four acres of Matlack. Timothy 
Matlack purchased land on the north side of the 
road of Mary Gill and John Gill, Jr., March 31, 
1744, which, October 17, 1754, he sold to John and 
Daniel Hillmau, who. May 15, 1758, sold to John 
Shivers ; the house now occupied by Mrs. Joseph 
B. Tatem, on Main Street, standing on the pre- 
mises, was shortly after built. 

Timothy Matlack, a son of Timothy Matlack, 
was born in Haddonfield, in 1730, and afterwards 
became noted in the councils of the nation. 
When a young man he moved to Philadelphia. He 
was educated as a Friend, and consequently as a 
non-resistant, but during the Revolutionary War 
he served as a colonel, for which he was "dealt 
with'' by the Society and lost his membership. He 
was secretary of the Continental Congress when 
that body was in session in Philadelphia, and was 
known as an earnest advocate of the cause of the 
colonies. He died in 1829, and was buried in the 



610 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



grave-yard of the Society of Free Quakers (of 
which he was a memher), on South Fifth Street, 
Philadelpliia. 

Benjamin Collins, a son of Joseph Collins, 
was a carpenter, and received from his father a 
tract of land fronting the south side of the main 
street, a part of the Mountwell estate. He died in 
1756. 

Jacob Clement, who in 1743 bought a lot of 
Timothy Matlack, built thereon a tannery. The 
site of it is to the rear of John Clement's 
house, and it was continued until about 1812. It 
passed to James Clement, his son, and later to 
John Clement, his nephew, and is now owned by 
John Clement, son of John. The old mansion- 
house stood on the site of John Clement's present 
residence. 

About 1750 James Hartley built a tannery on 
the lot of Charles H. Hillman, which was operated 
until about 1825. 

Samuel Clement, son of Jacob, who married 
Rebecca, the daughter of Joseph Collins, in 1735, 
received from him a large tract of land ex- 
tending from the main street southerly to a line 
running from Coopers Creek westerly. On this 
tract and on the south side of Main Street, corner 
of Ellis Street, Dr. Evan Clement, in 1760, erected 
a large brick house, where he lived many years, as 
did his son, Samuel K. Clement. The property 
was recently purchased by Alfred W. Clement, 
who, in July, 1886, tore down the house and in the 
wall was found a brick bearing the date September, 
1760. Samuel Clement was an active member of 
the Society of Friends and prominent in the pro- 
gressive movements of his day. He was also a 
surveyor and, entrusted with the settlement of 
township and county lines, which he faithfully and 
satisfactorily performed. 

Tuomas Perrywebb, in 1727, purchased of 
John Kay a triangular piece of laud where now 
stands the store of Alfred W. Clement, where he had 
built a dwelling, and in 1733 was assessed as a 
tavern-keeper. In 1737 he was taxed 10«. as a 
blacksmith. He continued in business many years. 
His widow, Margery, in 1742, purchased apiece of 
land adjoining ; but the only son being a seafaring 
man, the property eventually passed to others. 

Thomas Redman, who settled at Haddonfleld 
about 1730, was the son of Thomas Redman, of 
Philadelphia, a leading mechanic in that city. He 
was apprenticed to a druggist and when of age 
came to Haddonfleld, and in 1737 married Hannah, 
the daughter of John Gill, and opened a drug store 
in the village. He died in 1766 and left several 
children, of whom Thomas Redman followed the 



business of his father, and also was a conveyancer. 
He married Mercy Davis. They had a son Thomas, 
who married Elizabeth L. Hopkins. He too became 
a druggist and also a conveyancer and carried on 
the business in the same house which stood on the 
site of Mrs. Samuel C. Smith's residence. He 
died in 1846 and his widow in 1852. Their chil- 
dren — Thomas (deceased), James, Joseph, Eliza- 
beth (deceased), John, Charles and Sarah — are 
residents in the vicinity. 

Thomas Champion, son of Nathaniel and grand- 
son of John, who established a ferry over Coopers 
Creek in 1702, came to Haddonfleld as a tailor and 
resided in the mansion built by Mathias Aspden. 
He afterwards became its owner. It is now the 
property of the Misses Blackwood, on Main Street. 
This was considered at the time of its erection the 
most expensive house in the village. The owner- 
ship of the lot passed from Thomas to his son 
Samuel, and after his death it passed out of the 
name and became the property of Benjamin W. 
Blackwood, M.D. 

Mathias Aspden, in 1749, was one of the tax- 
ables in Haddonfleld. He married the widow of 
Roger Hartley in 1756, and their son Mathias, as a 
shipping merchant in Philadelphia, accumulated a 
laige estate.. He was a Loyalist during the Revo- 
lution and in 1779 his property was conflscated. 
In 1786 the attaint of treason was removed and 
damage awarded to the estate. He died unmarried 
in London, August 9, 1824. His estate was settled 
in accordance with a will made in 1791, and was 
left to his heirs-at-law. The will was contested by 
the English and American claimants, and after 
twenty years of litigation it was decided in favor 
of the American claimants and six hundred thou- 
sand dollars was distributed among them. Mathias 
Aspden, Sr., purchased a part of the four acres, on 
which he built a fine mansion. He later moved to 
Phi!adeli)hia, where he died in 1764. He bought 
of Timothy Matlack the most of his estate west of 
the main street, from Doughty's store to the 
Redman property, and the same year the remainder 
of it. 

Hugh Creighton owned the tavern house 
wliich is now the American House, in Haddonfleld. 
It was the place of meeting of the Legislature of 
New Jersey several times in the year 1777. The 
Council of Safety was created by act of Council 
and General Assembly of the State and was or- 
ganized in this tavern house on the 18th of 
March, 1777, and transacted business there, and 
next convened at Bordentown, March 26th ; re- 
turned to Haddonfleld May 10th. Afterwards 
meetings were held at Morristown and Princeton, 



TriE BOROUGH OF HADDONFIELD. 



611 



and on September 5th at Haildonficld, where it was 
continued until tlie 25th of tlie same month. 
Hugh Creighton lived in this tavern until ITilO, 
and several years after in the town. He was the 
grandfather of Governor Stratton. A frequent 
visitor at his house was Mrs. Doratha Todd, later 
known as Dolly Madison. She was a daughter of 
John Payne and was born in North Carolina in 
1772, when her parents were on a visit, they being 
residents of Hanover County, Va. Her father 
was a captain in the army during the Revolution- 
ary War and afterwards became a member of the 
Society of Friends and was among the tir.-.t who 
had religious scruples about holding slaves. In 
1786 he sold his estate in Virginia and removed 
with his negroes to Philadelphin, where they were 
all freed from bondage. 

" Doratha wajj educated according to the opinion of Friends, and 
in 1791 married John Todd, a wealthy young lawyer of that city, 
being of the same faith. He died in 179.S of yellow fever, leaving 
her with two children. After the death of her husband she aban- 
doned the religious faith of her parents, laid aside plainness of dress 
and entered fashionable society. Her presence in Haddonfield drew 
around her the country beaux, and more than one, even in tlieir old 
age, confessed their inability to resist her charms. Their out-door 
parties in summer and quilting parties in winter always found her a 
welcome guest, when she was the centre of attraction and admiration. 
Philadelphia was the metropolis and there resided those adminis- 
tering the government, whose wives and daughters made society gay 
and fa.shionable. .^mong the delegates to Congress from Virginia 
was James Madison, a young lawyer of talent and even then re- 
garded as one of the brightest intellects of the State. Uis strict at- 
teutiou to the duties of his office prevented his making many ac- 
quaintances, but on the occasion of his introduction to the bright 
young widow, he fell despenitely in love. This, on the part of one 
whose attainments were in advance of his years, led to considerable 
go.ssip among the ladies and made him the point of many jokes and 
other pleasantries with the heads of government, even to President 
Washington, who appreciated his worth and abilities. In 17i)i 
Doratha Todd, generally known as Dolly Todd, became Dolly Madi- 
son, and the wife of a future Presideut of the United States. In 
18U1 her husband was appointed Secretary of State by Mr. Jefferson, 
.and he removed to Washington, the uew capital of the United States- 
then but a small town. They remained there until 1817, at the close 
of the second term of Mr. Miidisou's Presidency, and then went to 
Montpelier. Va., upon bis paternal estate. ... In her exalted 
position she never forgot her friends about Haddonfield, nor the 
many pleasant days she had spent among the people there. 

Some of her old admirers sought tu)norable promotion at the hands 
of her husband during his administration, which claims were 
stiengthened by her intiuence and led to success. . . . She would 
always relate the pleasant reminiscences of her early life to those 
presented to her as residents of West New Jersey, making inquiry 
concerning the old families." 

The lots adjoining the hotel projierty of Hugh 
Creighton on the south were purchased by John 
Clement, in 1836, and the brick houses now stand- 
ing were erected and given to his three daughters. 
The houses standing on the lots were small, one 
story and a half and hip-roofed. The one next the 
hotel was owned by Isaac Kay, the ne.'it by Thomas 
Denny and the third was moved to Ellis Street, 
where it now stantls and is the residence of Marv 



Allen. The lot on which this house stood was 
owned by Samuel Mickle, who built it. He 
married, in 1742, Letitia, a daughter of Timothy 
Matlack. He died a few years later and in 1750 
his widow married Thomas Hinchuiau. In 1752 
Elizabeth Estaugh bought the Mickle property 
and Sarah Hopkins, after the death of her hus- 
band, Ebenezer, in 1757, moved to Haddonfield 
and occupied the house and lot. On the site of 
the old house is now the residence of Mrs. Sarah 
Hopkins, the widow of Griffith M. Hopkins, a 
lineal descendant of Ebenezer and Sarah Hopkins. 

William Giuscom, a saddler, came to Haddon- 
field about 1750 and lived in the house that now 
stands on Maiu Street, owned by Isaac A. Brad- 
dock. During the Revolution it was used as a 
guard-house ; a frame shop adjoining was set on 
fire by the British troops and destroyed, but no 
further damage was done. The building was the 
residence for many years of Captain James B. 
Cooper. It is now occupied as a millinery store. 

Benjamin Hartley, October 25, 1764, pur- 
chased of John Kay, son of Isaac, a lot of hind, 
now owned by Charles H. Hillman, on which his 
son James erected a tannery about 1770, which 
was continued until about 1825. The old house 
was removed in 1881. 

Prior to the Revolution George Hanold erected 
a house on Main Street, above Potter, which now 
belongs to the heirs of Hannah Ann Clement. 
The house now owned by the Misses Kirby, oppo- 
site Tanner Street, was erected before the Revo- 
lution, and was the residence of Rev. Robert 
Blackwell from 1772 until 1777, when in charge of 
the mission in this section. This property passed 
to John Branson, whose executors, in 1805, .sold it 
to Kendall Cole. He disposed of it to Evan 
Clement in 1813, who, January 22, 1816, conveyed 
it to Stephen Kirby, whose descendants now 
own it. 

For sketches of Richard Snowden, Nathaniel 
Evans and Rev. Dr. Blackwood, see chapter on 
Authors and Scientists. 

Local lNf;iDENT.s of the Revolution. — The 
brick house nearly tit the north end of Main Street, 
and now owned by Isaac A. Braddock, was built 
before the Revolution by John Matlack, son of 
William. The house on the site of the present 
one of the late John Gill was also erected previous 
to the Revohition. 

The last encampment of the Hessians, under 
Count Donop, before the battle of Red Bank, Oc- 
tober 22, 1777, was in Haddonfield. This body of 
troops was about twelve hundred strong, and were 
eneamiied acrtjss the street and in I be field near 



AUTOGRAPHS OF FIRST SETTLERS IN THE VICINITY OF HADDONFIELD, 
AND OF EARLY RESIDENTS OF THE TOWN. 

f /y Son of James, of Flushiug, Long Island, the 



Daughter of John H addon and wife of John 

Estaugh. She died 1761, childless. Had- 

donfield was named in honor of her. 

h. minister among Friends. Married 

Elizabeth, daughter of John 

Haddon. Died 1742. 

A first settler. Cousin of the Haddons, and their 
attorney. Died 1740, leaving one son, John. 






Son of James, of Flushing, Long Island, the 

son of Gregory the regicide. Had 

sons Samuel, Thomas and 

Jacob. 

Son of Jacob the first settler. He was a prac- 
tical surveyor of Haddonfield. 



n^ 





A first settler. Died 1742. Had sons 

John, Isaac, Josiah, Benjamin 

and Joseph. 



Son of William the emigrant, and father of >—' 

Col. Timothy of Revolutionary fame. Early |iioueer of Burlington and Newton. Died 1720, leaving 

sons Joseph, John, Francis and Samuel. 

^ ' Eldest son of Francis the emigrant 



Son of William the emigrant, and brother of above 
Timothy- 



Eldest son of Francis the emigrant. 

Died 1741, leaving one son, 

Benjamin. 



<^^ 



^ Ma4^£^2^r^ 



Large proprietor in Haddon and Deptford townships. 
Died 1G9G, leaving one son, Thomas. 



A first settler. Furchase<l part of 
Matthews' survey in Had- 
donfield. 




Proprietor of the tavern in Haddonfield where the 
Legislature met in 1777. 



THE BOROUGH OF HADDONFIELD. 



613 



John Gill's house. During the night of October 
21st the headquarters of Count Donop were in his 
house. The next day the battle was fought, and 
Count Donop was mortally wounded, and died 
three days later. 

During the Revolutionary War the Hessians 
and American troops were often ranging through 
the town. After the battle of Red Bank, where 
the Hessian troops were defeated, they returned in 
detached bodies, and the old Friends' Meeting- 
house was used as a hosi)ital, and later by both 
armies. A Bcotch regiment was encamped during 
one winter just east of John Clement's residence. 
Their deportment made them many friends, espe- 
cially among the boys, who carried on a lively 
trade by e.xchanging game for powder. Many amus- 
ing incidents used to be related by the old people. 
Upon the abandonment of Philadelphia by the 
Uritish army, in June, 1778, it passed through Had- 
donfield on the way to New York. The army was 
four days and nights passing through the town, by 
reason of the great amount of material and camp 
equipage to be transported. Many times during 
the war the people of Haddonfield and vicinity 
were harassed by troops from both armies, forag- 
ing for supplies. A secluded spot was selected, it 
being a low swampy piece of timber land, about 
two miles east of the village, between the Milford 
road and the north branch of Coopers Creek, fami- 
liarly known as Charleston, now owned by George 
C. Kay. At this place a tract Of several acres was 
surrounded by a strong high fence ; no roads led 
to it, and whenever necessary, cattle were driven 
there and confined until danger was over. Silver- 
ware and other valuables were buried. One farmer 
kept his pork and provisions in a hogshead, which 
was buried in the cellar. Lydia Bates, who lived 
in a small house on the site of the late residence 
of Samuel M. Reeves, kept a cow, which was often 
caught by the soldiers and milked. This proceed- 
ing did not meet with Lydia's approval, and on 
the approach of the soldiers she would drive the 
cow into her cellar, where she was safely kept 
until they were gone. 

Upon the breaking out of the Revolutionary 
War the members of the Society of Friends in the 
colonies found themselves in a peculiar situation. 
The principles of non-resistance and passive obe- 
dience entered so largely into their faith and 
practice that it was not long after hostilitie.s began 
that they were accused of sympathy with the loyal 
cause. In some instances this was true, but much 
the larger number were on the side of the people, 
and rendered such aid and comfort as could be 
done consistent with their i)rofession. 
74 



It affected large bodies of influential and wealthy 
citizens in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and 
drew toward them the attention of the authorities. 
A notable instance of this was that of Thomas 
Redman, of Haddonfield, who was arrested and 
confined in the county jail at Woodbury from 
January 21 to March 18, 1777. The charge 
was that he, as clerk of the Preparative Meeting 
of Haddonfield, had read an epistle from the 
Meeting of Suffering of Philadelphia, before the 
Haddonfield Meeting, relating to the members of 
the society bearing arms. 

Before the committing magistrates he admitted 
the fact, yet insisted that he could not avoid the 
discharge of his duty — neither had he violated the 
law. 

Certain paragraphs in the ei)istle, it wiis 
claimed, were of " dangerous consequences" to the 
cause of the people, and he was required to give 
security for his good behavior in the future, or 
stand committed. This he could not conscien- 
tiously do, and was, therefore, sent to prison. 

He remained there until the sitting of the court, 
when the case was heard and he was fined five 
shillings and the costs of prosecution. He in- 
formed the court, for the same reasons, that he 
could not comply with the sentence, and was about 
to be remanded when the sheriff announced that 
the same had been discharged, and Thomas Red- 
man was released. As he took his departure he 
disclaimed any knowledge of how or by whom the 
fine was paid and never, perhaps, discovered who 
was the friend in disguise. 

The journal kept by him while incarcerated — 
still preserved by the family — is an interesting 
manuscript. It shows how kind and attentive the 
officials were to him, and the frequent visits of 
friends, who carefully looked after his creature 
comforts. It is evident that the proceeding was 
contrary to the better judgment of all concerned, 
for the offence, being merely technical, carried 
with it no intentional harm. 

Haddonfield in 1825. — On the west side of 
the street, from Coopers Creek, the first brick 
house was that of John Middleton, now owned by 
Isaac A. Braddock. It was built by John Matlack 
prior to the Revolution. The next below was the 
.Tohn Gill house, also brick, on the site of the 
present house still in possession of the family — an 
account of Count Donop, in connection, is elsewhere 
given. Next below was the house now owned by 
Mrs. Joseph B. Tatem. From Grove Street, not 
then laid out, south, was a house built by Joseph 
Bates, about 1815, and for many years the resi- 
dence of Dr. Bowman Hendry, now owned by Col. 



614 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Jesse E. Peyton. Next was the American house 
property, since owned by John Eoberts. Below 
the tavern were the three low, hip-roofed houses, 
the first owned by Isaac Kay, next by Mrs. Denny 
and the third was the Estaugh Hopkins house, 
now on Ellis Street. Next were the shops kept 
by Zaccheus Logan, shoemaker; Franklin Eggman, 
tailor ; and John Whitehead, watchmaker. Below 
was a hip-roof house, formerly owned by Thomas 
Githens, a blacksmith, whose shop was at that time 
fronting the street. Next was the Thomas Red- 
man house, in which the third Thomas Redman 
was keeping a drug store ; it is now the site of 
Mrs. Samuel C. Smith's residence. The Griscomb 
house was next, and the residence of Captain Jas. 
B. Cooper. Beyond the Ferry road was Samuel 
Kennard's brick house, now the property of W. H. 
Harrison. Samuel Kennard purchased the lot 
April 14, 1782, and built upon it the brick house. 
He was a justice of the peace many years. His 
grandson was a prominent Baptist minister in 
Philadelphia, and his great-grandson in Washing- 
ton. 

Adjoining the Kennard house was also a brick 
house many years owned and occupied by Joseph 
Branson. Next below. Turner Risdon, a saddler, 
resided in a brick house built many years before. 
Next below was the brick house and store built by 
Richard Staflbrd, now the site of Willard's drug 
store. The site of the post-office was occupied by 
the tavern-stand, built in 1775 by Edward Gibbs, 
and now occupied by Samuel R. Stoy. On the 
corner of Tanner Street was the shop of Jeremiah 
Elfreth, a cabinet-maker ; below on the same street, 
were the old Estaugh tavern-house and two or 
three small houses. On the north side of Tanner 
Street were three lots, with houses, owned by John 
Clement. Daniel Fortiner, about 1800, built a house 
on Main Street, the only one south of Tanner 
Street, on the west side of Main Street. He was 
a cabinet-maker, and the house is now the property 
of William H. Clement. On the east side of the 
street, south of the railroad, there was but one 
house, which was owned by Silas Willis, a mason ; 
it stood on the land now belonging to the heirs of 
Joseph Walton. A frame house, still standing, 
owned by Nathaniel Clement, is now owned by 
Nathaniel T. Clement, his grandson. The next 
house stood on the site of the Presbyterian Church, 
and was built by Jeremiah Elfreth, who lived there 
all his days. Above was the house occupied from 
1772 to 1777 by Rev. Robert Blackwell, later 
owned by Dr. Evan Clement, since the property 
of Stephen Kirby, and later owned and occupied 
by his daughters. On the site of Perrywebb's 



blacksmith shop, about the year 1825, John Reeves 
built a store and kept it several years. It was later 
kept by Samuel M. Reeves, S. Stokes Hillman 
and Adrian 0. Paul, and the site is now occupied 
by the store of Clement & Giffin. Next above was 
a house built by the Alexanders, on the site of 
Lydia Bates' frame house. It passed to Benjamin 
Cooper, and is now the property of Samuel M. 
Reeves' heirs. Next was a small frame house 
on the site of Dr. N. B. Jennings' residence. On 
the site of the residence of Mr. George Horter was 
a house owned by Abel Nicholson, previously 
by Munson Day. Above was a small house owned 
by Samuel Champion, now by the Misses Stout. 
Next was the Mathias A.spden house, then owned 
by Samuel Champion, later by Dr. Benjamin 
Blackwood, whose heirs still reside there. Next 
was the Matlack house, which was a guard-house 
at the time of the Revolution. 

Jacob Clement's house was next ; it stood until 
John Clement built his present residence, about 
1857. The. next house, now standing, was owned 
by J. Stokes Coles, and built by John Clement, 
son of Jacob. The Sarah Norris house, in which 
she kept a store, later used as a tavern, was 
torn down in 1842-43, and the present brick resi- 
dence, now owned by Aaron C. Clenient, was built 
by his father, John Clement. Above Potter Street, 
on Main Street, stood a house of Gerrge Hanold's. 
Next above was the house now owned by Charles 
H. Hillman, then in possession of the Hartley 
family. The Roberts house, still owned by the fam- 
ily, was built by John Roberts in 1816. The old 
Baptist Church and burying-ground were situated 
above. The church was built in 1818, torn down 
and rebuilt in 1852, which was in turn torn down 
in 1885. An old house stood between the Baptist 
Church and the creek, owned by Samuel Zane, 
where " Aunt Jenny" kept home-made beer, cakes 
and candy for the small boys of the vicinity. 

Off' the Main Street were the Grove School-house, 
built in 1809, and .still standing ; the Friends' 
Meeting-house, which is now torn down, and the 
old Friends' School-house, built in 1787, and still 
standing. On Tanner Street was a tannery, from 
which the street took its name. It was built about 
1800 by Samuel Brown, who kept it many years. 
In 1828 it passed to Samuel Allen, by whom it was 
operated many years, and abandoned about 1875. 
The property is now owned by Mary Anne Cle- 
ment, his daughter, and wife of A. W. Clement. 

On Potter Street, John Thomson established a 
pottery in 1805, and about 1808 sold the business 
to Richard W. Snowdon, son of Richard, and then 
a young man, who continued the business until his 




'^^fe ^^~' ll^ 




0!>tMi^^C^ 



^^tj--'^:^ 



THE BOROUGH OF HADDONFIELD. 



616 



death, October 29, 1868, from which time it was 
continued until 1883, by his son Richard. It is 
still in operation. 

The Busixess Interests of Haddonfield in 
1835. — The first business places on the east side of 
Main Street, for the year named, was a store kept 
by Samuel M. Reeves, now the site of Clement & 
Giffin's store; above were shops of Isaac Albertson, 
wheelwright; Edward Raynolds,guusmith; Daniel 
Fortiner, blacksmith ; Turner Risdon, harness- 
maker; and Charles Lippincott, tailor; next was 
the engine-house; above was Franklin Eggman, 
tailor ; and on the corner of Potter Street was a 
store kept by James M. Glover. On the west side 
of the street, from the south end, and on the corner 
of Tanner Street, Samuel H. Burroughs had a 
cabinet shop ; above was the tavern of Enoch 
Clemens, and stores kept by Franklin Eggman and 
David Roe ; the drug store of Thomas Redman ; 
tailor shop of Isaac Middleton ; tavern and store 
of Thomas A. Pearce ; and shoe shop of Spencer 
Kirby. On the site of the Methodist Church, 
Samuel Thackara had a blacksmith shop, and 
above was Daniel Garrett's shoe shop. 

As Haddonfield increased in size, and the sur- 
rounding country became settled, the several 
mechanical industries were developed, which at- 
tracted the people of a large section of the sur- 
rounding country to the place, and made it the 
centre of considerable trade. Carriage-builders, 
wagon-makers, blacksmiths, carpenters, masons, 
tailors, cabinet-makers, shoemakers, tanners, and 
other branches were carried on here, and of these 
each generally had several apprentices and con- 
sumed a large amount of material in each branch. 
Apprentices were indentured to serve until twenty- 
one years of age, to be taught the " art and 
mystery " of the business, to serve their masters 
faithfully, to be allowed one week's "harvest" 
each year, and at the end of their term to receive a 
full suit of " freedoms," which was the name ap- 
plied to a new suit of clothes — from hat to shoes — 
received on such occasion. By the week's harvest, 
which each apprentice was allowed, he obtained 
his pocket-money for the coming year. He was 
careful, therefore, to fill each day in some farmer's 
grain-field, and for which he would receive the 
" going wages." Farmers looked to this source 
for their supply of harvest hands, and, when the 
grain began to ripen, would arrange among them- 
selves the days to cut the grain, and come into 
the village and notify the apprentices accord- 
ingly. When learning to reap the apprentice 
was known as a cub or half-hand, and the butt of 
the older bovs in his awkwardness and waste of 



grain. Soon, however, he would rank among the 
best, and stand ready to rally the next boy for his 
like inexperience. The system of apprenticeship, 
from various causes, gradually fell into disuse, and 
for many years past not a boy has been indentured 
in this region. The effect has been to leave the 
country bare of skilled workmen, and to necessitate 
the introduction of foreign labor to fill the place. 
This is felt in every branch of mechanics, and will 
not be remedied except the old path be followed. 
Machinery has done much to simplify and expedite 
many kinds of work, but nothing is lost when a 
workman is employed whose early instruction has 
fitted him for the task set before him. 

David Roe, Sr. — The Roe family, one of the 
oldest in Gloucester County, N. J., is of Scotch- 
Irish ancestry, and settled in the province of New 
Jersey as early as 1700. The first one of the fam- 
ily of whom anything definite is known was Abra- 
ham Roe, the father of Henry Roe, who was born 
in Blackwoodtown May 20, 1754. He (Henry Rue) 
married Miss Ann Jaggard, born October 4, 17t)0, 
whose father, James Jaggard, was a large owner 
of land in and around Blackwoodtown. In 1762 Mr. 
Jaggard deeded to his daughter Ann the farm now 
owned by Dr. Joseph B. Rue, which farm has since 
remained in the family. Henry Roe was a man of 
fine character, and, like his ancestors, a Presbyte- 
rian of the old school. He was an elder and lib- 
eral supporter of the Woodl)ury Presbyterian 
Church. He served through the war for independ- 
ence and held the rank of major. To Mr. and 
Mrs. Roe were born twelve children, ten of whom 
grew to maturity. Of his .sons, William and Rob- 
ert served in the War of 1812. Another son — '■ 
Henry — was of a literary turn, and in his boyhood 
cared more for his Latin grammar than for farm 
implements. He became a professor in a college 
at Annapolis, Md. He died of cholera in 1829. 
David Roe, the youngest son, was born on the 
home fiirm February 4, 1800, and grew to manhood 
there. His education was acquired at the Wood- 
bury Academy, and was superior to that obtained 
by most farm sons of that time. 

About the year 1821 he removed to Haddonfield, 
N. J., and commenced merchandising by opening 
a " country store," where everything was expected 
to be found for sale. By attention to business, 
anticipating the wants of the people and a careful 
system of accounts, his success was marked. In a 
few years after, he began the purchase of real es- 
tate and made some ventures in farming. Attracted 
to this line of employment, and finding it better 
for his health, he gradually increased his acres un- 
til he had sufficient land to require his whole at- 



616 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



tention. He closed out his business as a meichant, 
and became one of the best and most systematic 
agriculturists in the neighborhood. His theory 
was that soil properly fertilized and culti\lited 
made the best return, and the more liberally this 
theory was followed the more successful was the 
farmer. This idea was applied to his stock, his 
utensils and his workmen, — claiming that the best 
was always the most economical. 

He was a man of decided convictions, and for 
several years an elder in the Presbyterian Church, 
the obligations of which he discharged conscien- 
tiously and acceptably to the society. He became 
an active opponent of the sale and use of intoxi- 
cating liquors, and at a time when such sen- 
timents had but few advocates, and were generally 
unpopular. In no way discouraged, he pressed 
his opinions on this question on all proper occa- 
sions ; and, as it was shown that his precepts were 
no more observable than his example, and con- 
trolled by a disinterested and moral motive, every 
one admired his consistency, if the}' did not accept 
his practice. The use of liquors among his work- 
men was not allowed, and even during harvest he 
adhered to the rule, and at last convinced those 
employed by him that its use was not beneficial. 
His conversion to this belief was due to a careful 
and thorough study of the subject, and, as an evi- 
dence of his strong conviction of the harm cau.sed 
by the use of liquor, it is known that he destroyed 
a large quantity he had in his store, believing that 
it would be as wrong to return it to those from 
whom he obtained it as to sell it himself 

In his family he was a model husband and fath- 
er, and while strict as to moral and religious prin- 
ciples, he was indulgent and lenient in a marked 
degree in all other matters. In politics he was a 
Whig, but never a politician. 

Mr. Roe was married, on the 3d of February, 
182.5, — the ceremony being performed in Philadel- 
phia by Mayor Robert Wharton, — to Miss Rebecca 
Say Bisphani, of Moorestown, who was the daugh- 
ter of Joseph and Susan Bispham, born in Phila- 
delphia, on Market Street, between Front and Sec- 
ond Streets, on November (!, 1797. Mr. Roe died 
May 24, 1855. 

The children of David and Rebecca Roe were 
Henry, who married Miss Clark, and is now en- 
gaged in farming in Missouri ; Susan B., married 
to James Murphy, a retired Philadelphia merchant ; 
Rebecca B., married to Charles O. Morris, of Eliz- 
abeth, N. J., now engaged in banking in New 
York ; Anna R., married to Clinton Morris, of 
Elizabeth ; David, who now owns and resides upon 
the farm in Haddonfield, owned by Mr. Roe at the 



time of his death. On this farm David, Jr., has 
resided half a century. He married Miss Ella 
Caldwell, of Philadelphia. Joseph B., who mar- 
ried Miss Mary Caldwell, graduated from the 
University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia) as a 
physician and surgeon, and served during the Re- 
bellion, as a surgeon, in the Philadelphia Hospital. 
Like all of his brothers, he is a strong Republican, 
and is the only politician in the family. He has 
held various township oflices, and represented his 
district in the Legislature. 

Samuel C. Albertson was born near Mount 
Ephraim, not far distant from where William Al- 
bertson, the emigrants and his ancestors settled, 
and within the limits of old Newton township. 
He was a son of Samuel and Rachel (Collins) Al- 
bertson, and born February 6, '802. 

He was apprenticed to Stephen Kirby, a tailor 
in Haddonfield, and when he attained his majority 
went to the city of Charleston, South Carolina. 
Finding the climate unhealthy, he returned to 
Philadelphia, and was employed by Enoch Allen 
until he removed to the city of New York. He 
was among the first to develop the ready-made 
clothing business in that city, which business has 
now grown to such large proportions. Strict atten- 
tion and fair dealing in the midst of a rapidly in- 
creasing population assured his success. 

Upon the death of his brother Isaac, in 1835, he 
relinquished his business in New Y'ork and re- 
turned to Haddonfield, where he resided during 
the remainder of his life. He saw the increase of 
the metropolis in population and commerce, and 
in his later visits there scarcely recognized many 
of the places formerly so familiar to him — the 
march of improvement was so rapid. Although 
reticent about his private affairs, yet he always re- 
sponded liberally when charity demanded. He 
never married and died May 30, a.d. 1884. 

Friendship Fire Company.— On March 8, 
1VG4, at a meeting of the male inhabitants of the 
town, a fire company' was organized. At this 
meeting articles of association were drawn up, 
the preamble of which is as follows : 

"The eighth day of the third month, called March, in the year of 
our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and sixty-four, we whose 
Names are here unto subscribed, reposing Special Confidence in each 
other's Friendship, Do, for the Better preserving our own and our 
Neighbors' Houses, Goods and effects from fire, Mutually agree In 
Manner following, That is to say." 

This is followed by ten articles which recite 
that each member shall provide two leather 

1 The above sketch of the company was compiled from the minute- 
book of the company, from 1764 to 184G, now in the possession of 
William H. Suowden. 




c/amiie/ &. S^/wHt^on. 



THE BOROUGH OF HADDONFIELD. 



617 



buckets, marked with their name, at his own 
expense, ami that the company shall provide six 
ladders and three fire-hooks. The names of mem- 
bers were Samuel Clement, Thomas Redman, Wil- 
liam Griscom, John Matlack, Jr., Isaac Kay, John 
Hinchman, Robert Friend Price, John Langdalc, 
Jacob Clement, John Gill, Thomas Champion, 
James Davis, John Githens, Samuel Clement, Jr., 
Thomas Gumming.*, Edward Gibbs, Hugh Creigh- 
ton, Joseph Collins, Caspar Smith, Benjamin 
Hartley, Benjamin Vanleer, Thomas Redman, 
Jr., Thomas Edgerton, Ebenezer Hopkins, Thomas 
Githens and William Edgerton. 

At a meeting September (!, 17U4, it was agreed 
that the ladders of the company shall be stationed 
as follows : Two at John Gill's, two at the old stable 
and two at Samuel Clement, Jr.'s. September y, 
1765, Edward Gibbs reported the fire-hooks fin- 
ished, and pr&sented his bill for fifteen shillings 
for the same. At a meeting May 7, 1767. John 
Langdale, clerk, reported that he found four of the 
ladders at the nieetiug-house, and the other two in 
Aspden's old loft, and that the buckets were all in 
good order. Joseph Collins requested his name 
to be " razed out," which was granted. At a 
meeting May 7, 1778, William Griscom reported 
his buckets " missing since the late fire, and are 
supposed to be lost." ' The company ordered 
them to be replaced if not found. 

The members of the company in 1792 were Isaac 
Kay, John Gill, Edward Gibbs, Hugh Creigh- 
ton, Thomas Redman, Samuel Kennard, Esq., 
Thomas Githens, Nathaniel Clement, William 
Doughten, James Hartley, Jacob Cox, John Mid- 
dleton, John Ward, Jeremiah Elfreth, Benjamin 
H. Tallman, Turner Risdon, John Bran.son, Evan 
Clement, William Foster, James Davis, Samuel 
Clement, John Clement, Isaac Kay, John Githens 
and John Roberts. 

New ladders were made in 1794. During the 
years 1795-96 no meetings were held, and a call 
was made for the 7th of October, 1797, which was 
well attended and new members admitted. On 
March 12, 1S08, there were but ten members at 
the meeting ; eighteen new members were admitted. 
Prior to this time the company met in the Friends' 
Meeting-house, and from this time in the school- 
house. A constitution was adopted on June 9, 
1811, and article first provided that each member 
should have in his po.ssession "two buckets and 
one bag, and string, consisting of three yards of 



' William Griscom lived at that time in the house now Isaac . 
Braddock's. It was used part of the time duriog the Revolutio 
ary War as a guard-house, .and a frame huilding adjoining was si 
yu fire by the Hessians and destroyed. 



linen, at least three-quarters of a yard wide." 
Article seventh arranged for jiroviding a fund for 
sinking wells, and the purchase of a hose and en- 
gine. To this constitution there were thirty-two 
subscribers. At a special meeting held at the 
Friends' Meeting-house, January 29, 1818, it was 
agreed that all money collected " shall be appro- 
priated for the express purpose of digging public 
wells and putting pumps in them, in such places 
in the town as shall be designated by the com- 
pany." A subscription paper was laid before the 
meeting for the purpose of procuring an engine by 
subscription. A committee was appointed to visit 
the citizens for the purpose and to examine and 
inquire the cost of a suitable engine for the town. 
This committee reported, at a meeting February 
19th, that they had received subscriptions to the 
amount of four hundred and thirteen dollars, and 
that they had examined several engines, and rec- 
ommended one of Perkins patent, which could be 
obtained for three hundred dollars, with a warrant 
for ten years, and privilege of returning within 
three years if not satisfactory. The committee was 
authorized to purchase the engine as soon as pos- 
sible. A committee was appointed to purchase a 
lot on Main Street, between the lot of Elizabeth 
Rowand and Jeremiah Elfreth's corner, for the 
purpose of erecting an engine-house. At the next 
meeting, March 5, 1818, reports were made that 
the engine was under contract to be completed 
April 1st, and that the Friends offered to allow the 
company to occupy the grounds at the end of their 
horse-sheds, on the east side of the street, for the 
purpose of erecting an engine-house. The offer 
was accepted, and John Roberts and Joseph Porter 
were appointed to build the house thereon. At 
this meeting it was agreed to sink three wells in 
the main street, fourteen feet from the line of the 
street, — one on the line between Rachel Hanold's 
and Elizabeth Hartley's (now property of Charles 
H. Hillman), one on the line between Sarah Day's 
and Samuel Champion's (now in front of the lot of 
George Horter), the other one to be at the small 
bridge below Richard Dick.son's tavern, on the west 
side of the street. These wells are all in use and 
provided with suitable pumps. The one in front 
of Mr. Horter's was near the market-house, when 
that was built later, and is now covered by a flag- 
stone. July 18, 1818, six members were chosen as 
engineers, whose duty it should be to exercise the 
engine on the last Saturday of every month, at 
which time the company were to assist with their 
buckets. In 1828 twelve buckets were purchased, 
to be placed in the engine-house. In 1830 a well 
was ordered to be sunk on the back street. At a 



618 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



special meeting held January 16, 1841, the engine, 
engine-house, wells and pumps were ordered to be 
put in complete repair. A committee was authoi- 
ized to invite the Rowandtown Fire Company to 
join the company. No mention is made concerning 
the Rowandtown Company in later minutes, and 
it is presumed the invitation was not accepted. 
About 1840 a new fire-engine was purchased 
which is the one now in use. 

The company kept its organization until 1851, 
when it was absorbed into the Haddonfield Fire 
Department, which was incorporated by act of 
Assembly dated February 21, 1851, but as the 
department was not organized in accordance with 
the provisions of the act, a supplement was passed 
February 7, 1854. It is evident that the depart- 
ment was not organized until three years later, 
February 21, 1857, when a meeting was held at 
the house of Samuel Githens, and the department 
was organized by the election of Richard W. 
Snowden, Esq., as president ; Jacob L. Rowand, 
secretary ; and a treasurer and a board of man- 
agers. It was agreed that one thousand dollars be 
raised by tax for the use of the department. Feb- 
ruary 26th a committee was appointed to make 
inquiries as to the best method to procure an 
abundant supply of water, to ascertain cost of hose, 
branch-pipes and other fixtures, and to have the 
public pumps of the town put in good repair, to 
procure hooks, chains, ladders, hose-carriage and 
suitable building in which to keep the supply of 
the department. March 7, 1857, a committee was 
directed to purchase a suction-engine and three 
hundred feet of copper-riveted hose. February 15, 
1858, the managers recommended to the depart- 
ment to raise by tax three hundred dollars for the 
purpose of erecting a new engine-house and for 
other purposes. The board of managers made an 
annual report March 5, 1858, in which they state 
that there were five wells, six feet in diameter and 
twenty-seven feet in depth, and the old wells put 
in repair ; fire-engine repaired, three hundred 
and ten feet of hose, and necessary connections 
and branch-pipes, a set of new ladders, fire-hooks, 
chains, and a hook-and-ladder cart, and a house on 
the town lot voted at last town-meeting for lad- 
ders, etc. The board at this meeting called the 
attention of the department to the dilapidated 
condition of tlie engine-house, and recommended 
that application be made at the next town-meeting 
for the privilege of erecting an engine-house on 
the town lot next to the Friends' grave-yard, and 
that three hundred dollars be raised by tax for the 
purpose. Permission was granted, and an engine- 
house was built on the town lot, east of the Town 



Hall, which was used until a few years since, 
when the present rooms were fitted for the purpose 
in the first floor of the Town Hall. The minutes 
of the department are missing from 1858 to May 1, 
1872. At a meeting held on the latter date, Isaac 
A. Braddock, of a committee, reported the en- 
gine-house enlarged, and a new force-pump pur- 
chased for one hundred and sixty-nine dollare, 
which was mounted on wheels. June 9, 1874, it was 
reported that consent was given to dig a cistern 
with capacity of ten thousand gallons, and also 
the purchase of three hundred feet of rubber hose. 
On the 10th of February, 1875, proposals were 
made for four new wells and one cistern in the 
town. They were contracted for and completed 
May 1st following. Upon the incorporation of the 
borough of Haddonfield, in March, 1875, the Fire 
Department was placed in charge of the borough 
commissioners, who have kept the department in 
good order. The engine is available for use and 
supplied with hose, wells and other apparatus. 
The town is supplied with wells and cisterns, and 
the department is now under the charge of Samuel 
P. Hunt. 

Old Taverns. — The first reliable data of a tav- 
ern-license being granted within the limitsof Had- 
donfield is found in the old town-book of Newton 
township, in which mention is made, in 1733, of 
Thomas Perrywebb being assessed as a tavern- 
keeper. He lived on the corner of Ellis and Main 
Streets, on the site of Clement & Gifiins' store. In 
1737 he was a blacksmith, and had a shop at that 
place. A brick building which stood on the west 
side of Tanner Street, near Main, owned by Eliza- 
beth Estaugh, was used as a tavern many years be- 
fore the Revolution. The house of Sarah Norris, 
on the site of Aaron W. Clement's house, was also 
used as a tavern before the Revolution. The pres- 
ent " American House " was built, iu 1750, bj' Tim- 
othy Matlack, who purchased the property in 1732. 
It was sold soon after to Mathias Aspden, by whose 
son, Mathias, it was sold, in 1757, to Thomas 
Redman, who. May 1, 1777, conveyed it to Hugh 
Creigbton, who, in 1754, was running a fulling- 
mill in the township The Council of Safety and 
the Legislature of New Jersey met in this tavern 
before he became the landlord, and several times 
after, during that year. Creigbton was " mine host " 
until 1790, when he sold the property to John Bur- 
roughs, who kept it until February 24, 1804, when 
he sold to Samuel Denny, who, March 28, 1805, con- 
veyed it to John Roberts. Denny was the landlord 
and continued many years. Among the landlords 
who have since occupied this house are Thomas A. 
Pearce, Samuel Githens, Theodore Humpliries, 



THE BOROUrxH OF HADDONFIELP. 



fil9 



Samuel C. Smith, Samuel E. Shivers, Edward 
Brick, Steelniau & Brick, John Plum and George 
W. Stillwell, who is the present landlord, and came 
into possession February 24, 1874. 

The present post-office building was erected in 
1777 by Edward Gibbs, for a tavern, and kept by 
him during the Revolutionary War and later. In 
1818 it was kept by Richard Dickson, in 1S21 by 
Joseph C. Staff'ord, later by Euoch Clemens, who 
was also postmaster. Samuel Githens was landlord 
at this house before taking the American. The last 
to keep the house as a hotel was George Higbee. 
In 1873 the town and township voted " no license," 
since which time Haddonfield has been without 
liquor sold in public places, and the result proves 
that a town can thrive without it, despite the oft- 
repeated saying that the sale of whiskey gives life 
to a place. 

The Post-Offices and Postmasters. — The 
first definite knowledge of the establishment of a 
post-oliice in Haddonfield is in the fact that on 
the 12th of July, 1803, John Clement was appointed 
dejjuty postmaster, as then termed, by Gideon 
Granger, Postmaster-General of the United States. 
There were at that time no stage-routes through 
the town, and mails arrived irregularly. About 
1824 a route was established between Haddonfield 
and Camden, on which coaches carrying mails were 
run twice a week. About 1828 Joseph Porter was 
appointed and the office was kept in his store, then 
on the corner of Main and Potter Streets. A route 
was soon after established i'rom Philadelphia to 
Leeds Point. Porter was succeeded by James M. 
Glover, who kept store at the same place. The 
office next passed to Enoch Clemens, who kept 
tavern in the present post-office building. He was 
succeeded by Adrian Paul, who removed the of- 
fice to his store, now Clement & Giffins. Mr. Paul 
was succeeded by James Jobson, harness- maker, 
who moved the office to his shop, then in the Odd- 
Fellows' Hall building. He was succeeded by 
Alfred W. Clement in 18(il, who kept the office in 
his store during his incumbency in office for sev- 
eral terms, which extended to September, 1886, 
with the exception of six mouths, when Jacob P. 
Fowler served as postmaster, by appointment 
under Andrew Johnson- Thomas Hill, the present 
incumbent, was appointed by President Cleveland, 
and removed the office to the old tavern proi>erty, 
where it still continues. 

Incorporation of Haddonfield. — The town 
was incorporated as a borough by an act of Legis- 
lature approved March 24, 1875. 

The powers granted under this act were very 
limited, being confined to the election of five com- 



missioners, who were vested with the powers of 
township officers and the right to pass and enforce 
ordinances to regulate and light streets, grade side- 
walks, take measures to suppress fires, etc. The 
first election w;is held April 6th of the same year, 
and the following-named persons were chosen 
(■(immissioners: John H. Lippincott, Joseph F. 
Kay, Alfred W. Clement, Nathan Lippincott and 
Samuel P. Hunt. The i)resent board is composed 
of Adrian C. Paul, Joseph F. Kay, Alfred W. 
Clement, Samuel P. Hunt and J. Morris Rob- 
erts. 

The Hadiionfif.i.I" LiBRAiiV CdMi'ANy was 
organized by members of the Society of Friends on 
the Third Month 5, 1803. A meeting was held at 
the school-house on the meeting-house lot, on the 
date given above, in jmrsuance to a j)ublic notice. 
James Hopkins, was chosen chairman and Ste- 
phen M. Day secretary. A plan was proposed 
and considered by paragraphs and a vote of the 
meeting taken on each section. The i)rearable re- 
cites that the company is organized under the act 
of Assembly dated November 22, 1794. Article 4 
declares that the trustees " shall not admit into the 
library any atheistical or deistical books, and as 
the Society of Friends, advise against the reading 
of plays, novels and romances, for the use of this 
class of the members, it is further declared that in 
making choice of books of those denominations, 
care shall be taken not to admit such as are of vain, 
immoral or corrupting tendency." 

The names of the nineteen original subscribers 
are Thomas Redman, Andrew Caldwell, John 
Blackwood, James Hurley, Joseph C. Swett, 
William E. Hopkins, Samuel Middleton, John 
(iill, Samuel AV. Harrison, Jacob Middleton. Jo- 
seph Griffith, Josiah Matlack, Charles Collins, 
John Clement, Samuel Zaue, Benjamin Hop- 
kins, Beujanun Morgan, James Hopkins, and 
John Roberts. The iiersons who soon alter 
became subscribers were Thomas Preston, Edward 
Z. Collings, Jacob Stokes, John Githens, John 
Barton, John Branson, Matthias Kay, Robert 
Rowand, Dr. Bowman Hendry, Daniel Fortiner, 
John Burrough, Jr., John Stokes, Joseph Bates 
(inn-keeper), James Graysbury, Joseph Githens, 
Joseph Hugg, Joseph Champion, Abraham 
Inskeep, John Kay, Edward Collins, Wallace 
Lippincott, Charles French, Aaron Kay, James 
Hartley, Abel Nicholson, Samuel Brown, Jr., Ben- 
jamin Kay, Joseph Z. Collings, Samuel Hopkins, 
Joseph Burrough, Jr., Dr. Samuel Bloom field, 
Mahlon Matlack, Samuel Ellis, Aquilla Stokes, 
Joshua Lippincott, Richard Suowden, David 
Doughten, Levi Ellis, John Est. Hopkins, Isaac 



620 



IIISTiiKV OF CAMKKN ("OINTY, NKW JKRSKY 



Olovcr, Israel Morris. Luke W. Morris, Isaac Kay 
and William Todd. 

The shares of stoek of the company were placed 
at eight dollars each ; the nineteen orig-inul sub- 
scribers took thirty-two shares. At a mecfinp 
March 8th in the same year John Clement was 
chosen librarian and clerk. A certificate of incor- 
ponition was drawn up .March 12th, which was 
tiled April 4th following; over fifty volumes were 
presented to the company by Andrew C'ahlwell, 
John Evans and Joshua Crts.-ion, the last two 
being merchants of I'hiladclphia. A committee 
was appointed to purcha.-e books. The library 
was kept and meetings held in the Friends' .School- 
house from the date of organisation uutil 1S51. 
From that time until it was locatwl in its present 
rooms, about 1.S77, it w:ls kept at various places. 
It was jirovided in the constitution that the library 
should be open from 7 to !• o'clock on each week 
day evening, from 3 to 5 p.m. on seventh day of 
every week and from 1 1 .30 to 12.30 a.m. on every fifth 
day of the week. This provision has been strictly 
complied with. In 1S17 the library had accumu- 
lated five hundred volumes. On the 23d of No- 
vember, 1S.>4, the Iladdon Institute was organized 
at the Grove School-house, for the purpose of es- 
tablishing a lecture course and literary institute. 
On March 17, l''.'i.'>, the library company passed a 
resolution uniting the library with the institute. 
The institute was short-lived, closing in 1851), 
when the books were again placed under the man- 
agement of the original company, and so continue<l 
until the present time. In 1875 the Ilaildonlicld 
Library Company was again incorporated. It at 
present conUiins over si.xteeu hundred volumcw 
and the number is constantly increasing. It is 
now under charge of the following oflicers: 
Trustees, John JI. Lippincott, Charles S. IJrad- 
dock, Charles Uhoads, John Gill, William H. Shy- 
rock, Joseph <;. F.vans and Samuel A. Willits ; 
Librarian, Charles F. Redman. 

Tilt; Fkikmis in ILmuminfikmi.— The early 
settlement of this region of country was on the 
middle branch of Newton Creek, where, in 1<!84, a 
Friends' Meeting-house was built. Later, the Had- 
don estate, on the King's highway near Coo|>er» 
Creek, became a desirable place for location, and 
many new-comers settled there. At the Friends' 
.Meeting at Newton the propriety of organizing a 
new meeting was considered, and about 1720 a log 
meeting-house, larger and more comfortable than 
the one at Newton, was built near the King's 
Highway, and meetings wore held there. In 1721 
Flir.abeth Fstatigh returned to Kngland, and pro- 
eured a ileed from her father for one acre of land, 



on which the meeting-house was built. It was 
deeded in trust to William F^vans, Joseph Cooper. 
Jr., and John Cooper. In 1732 John Flstaugh and 
Elizabeth, his wife (the Haddon property having 
been transferred to them), conveyed to trustees, 
for the use of the Society of Friends, one and a 
quarter acn-s adjoining the meeting-house lot. At 
that time the trustees wen' John Mickle. Thomas 
Stoke>, Timothy Matlack, Constanline Wooil, 
Joshua I.^ird, Joseph Tomlinson, Ephraim Tom- 
lins<in, Josejdi Kaighn, John llollinshead, Josiah 
Foster and William Foster. In 17t)3 the remain- 
ing trustees conveyed to John (till, Joshua Stokes, 
Nathaniel Lippincott, Samuel Webster, John 
Glover, James Cooper, John lx>fd, John E. Hop- 
kins, John Hrown. Isaac Ballinger and David 
Cooper, who had been appointeii to receive the 
trust. In 1828 all the trustee.-; last-mentioned were 
deceased, and Samuel Webster, as oldest son of 
Samuel Webster, the survivors of the trustees, 
continued the trust to others appointed for the 
same purpose. In March, 1754, the township of 
Newton ])urchased of Elizabeth I-^staugh a half- 
acre of ground for a burial-place for the jjoor. 
This lot was found not convenient, and exchange 
was made with .lohii E. Hopkins for a quarter of 
an acre of land adjoining the Friends' Meeting- 
house and burial-lot, the deed for which piL>«sed 
December 24. 1755. The name " Poor's Hurying- 
(iround " after a time became objectionable, and 
by a vote of the town authorities .March 8, 1808, 
the name was changed to "Strangers Hiirying- 
(Jrouiid,'' in obedience to a re<iuest in a memorial 
presented by Thoniits Redman and other Friends 
at the Town Meeting. The plot was placed under 
their charge, embraced in their grounds and is at 
present a part thereof In 17t>0 the old log mect- 
iiig-house was remove<I to the opposite side of the 
Ferry road and a brick house, more commodious, 
was erected upon itt< site. This house was in use 
until 1851, when a tract of lanil containing about 
tlin-c acres, north of the meeting-housc lot, was 
purcha.sed and the prc-icnt brick meeting-house 
was erecti-d. In 17x7 the brick schiHd-house was 
built on the west part of the meeting-house lot and 
for many years it was the only schiM)l-himse in the 
town. In it the town-meetings and elections were 
belli for many year«. .V frame addition was made 
to it later on the west side, on which the library of 
the Haildonfield .\ssoeiation was kept many yearn. 
The olil building, having been enlarged, is still in 
use iLH a dwelling ami school-house. 

The ell'orts oftityirgc Keith in Hi8'.l, when he 
was an earnest supporter of the faith and d<H-trinu 
of the SK-iety of Friends, to enilenvor to place the 



THE BOROUGH OF HADDONFIELl). 



621 



society securely upon the doctrine of the trinity, 
did not die out with his separation from the 
society, as the seed he then sowed grew slowly and 
brought forth its fruit in the division of the society 
in 1828. To quote from William Hodgson, a 
Friend : " George Keith had been an eminent 
instrument in the gathering of people called 
Quakers from the barren mountains of empty 
profession to the green pastures and still waters of 
pure, life-giving Christianity." Keith insisted that 
the society should clearly define the doctrine of 
the inner light, which they failed to do, and in 
1691 he left the society and in 1692 the Burlington 
Yearly Meeting published a declaration of disunity 
against him. Keith returned to England- and in 
1700 was admitted to Holy Orders in the Episcopal 
Church, returned to this country, and with many 
of the Friends of rank, wealth and influence, who 
were in sympathy with his views, united in form- 
ing the Episcopal Church in New Jersey. Others 
in sympathy with him formed a society called 
Keithian or Christian Quakers. Many were dealt 
with by the society and disowned. It was not until 
1827-28 that the great "separation " occurred in 
the society, when those who believed with Elias 
Hicks became generally known as the Hicksite 
Friends and their opponents as the Orthodox 
Friends. After this the two branches continued 
using the meeting-house, divided by a partition, 
until its destruction by the Orthodox Friends, in 
1851, when the Orthodox built their present house 
near the main Street and the Hicksites theirs on 
Ellis Street. 

The Public Friends who have ministered to the 
meeting at Haddonfield have been quite numerous. 
There were many visiting friends who were prom- 
inent speakers. It is not known who were the 
regular speakers or miiusters before 1700, but 
probably Friends from the meetings in Philadel- 
phia or Burlington. In that year John Estaugh 
came to this country and in 1702 became connected 
with this meeting, then at Newton. He remained 
in connection until his death, in 1742. His wife, 
Elizabeth, survived him and died in 1762. Han- 
nah, the wife of Joseph Cooper, also a public 
Friend, was a speaker in England and in 1732 
married Joseph Cooper, of Newton townshij). In 
1739 she went on a religious visit to Barbadoes. 
She died in 1754. John Griffith, a leading public 
Friend of London, made a religious visit to this 
country, which extended from 1736 to 1766. He 
ministered several times during that period at 
Haddonfield. His journal was published in 
London in 1779. Thomas Redman, the first of the 
name who resided in Haddonfield, w.as also a 



public Friend and traveled much. He died in 
1766. His son, Thomas Kedman, followed him 
and was a staunch supporter of the faith and 
principles of the Society, and for his adherence to 
the principles was imprisoned in Gloucester jail 
eight weeks, from January 20, 1777, to March 18th 
following. Joseph Tomlinson came to the country 
about 1686 and was in the household of Thomas 
Sharp. He became a preacher and was highly 
respected. He died in 1719. His son Ephraim 
was born in 1095 and died in 1780. He was held 
in high estimation as a preacher and for his 
consistent life. Joshua Lord was one of the 
trustees of Woodbury Friends' Meeting in 1096, 
and also a trustee of Haddonfield Meeting in 
1732. Joshua Lord was trustee of Haddonfield 
Meeting in 1771. The last-named was a prominent 
minister. Joshua Evans, from about the time of 
the Revolution, was also a minister. He resided 
on the Cuthbert farm. Benjamin Swett and his 
wife were preachers of the meeting many years. 
Elizabeth L. Redman, wife of Thomas Redman 
and mother of John, Charles and Sarah, was an 
acceptable preacher. The present public Friends 
of this Orthodox Meeting are Charles Rhoades 
and his sister Deborah. 

Marriages. — The following is a list of the mar- 
riages of the Haddonfield Meeting as obtained 
from the early records from 1720 to 1800 : 

1720. Timothy Matlack to Mary Haines. 

Jedediah Adaiua to Margaret Ciiristian. 
Joshua Raper to Sarah Cooper. 
Thomas Adams to Hannah Sharp. 

1722. Samuel Nicholson to Sarah Bnrrough. 
ThoniM Ellis to Catharine Collins. 

1723. Samuel Bnrrough to Ann Gray. 
Joseph Mickle to Elizabeth Efistlack. 

1724. James Wills to .Sarah Clement. 

Thomas Shari> to Elizabeth Smith. 

1725. John Hudson to Hannah Wright. 
Robert Jones to Sarah Siddon. 
Isaac Albertson to Rachel Haines. 

1720. John Bnrrough to Phebe Haines. 
John Wills to Elizabeth Kaighn. 

1727. Joseph Kaighu to Mary Estaugh. 
Ephraim Tomlinson to Sarah Corbit. 
James Cattle to Mary Engle, widow. 

1728. John Haines to Jane Smith. 
Isaac Kuight to Elizabeth Wright. 

1729. Thomas Wright to Mary Thackara. 
John Turner to Jane Engle. 

1730. Timothy Matlack to Martha Haines. 
Samuel Sharp to Mary Tomlinson. 
Jc;hn Kiiy to Sarah Ellis. 
Bartholomew Wyat to Elizabeth Tomlinson. 
David Price to Grace Zane. 

1731. Daniel Morgan to Mary Haines, widow. 

1732. William Mickle to Sarah Wright. 

1733. Samuel Abbott to Hannah Foster. 
Thomas Egerton to Sarah Stephens. 

Richard Bidgood to Hannah Burrough, widow. 

1734. Peter White to Rebecca Burr. 
n3-=i. Nathan Beaks lo Elizabeth llooten. 



622 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEllSEY. 



1736, 
1737. 



1738. 
1739, 



1740. 
1741. 



1742. 
1743. 



1747. 
1748. 



17M. 
1766. 



. Edward Burton to Margaret Tonilinson. 
Thomas Bishop to Rachel Matlack. 
Nathan Lippincott to Mary Eugle. 
, "Walter Fawcett to Margarett Killings. 

David Straiten to Mary Elkinton. 
, Jacob Taylor to Ann Andrews. 
Thomas Redman to Mercy Gill. 
Jacob Howell to Mary Cooper. 
Thomas Thorne to Mary Harnson. - 
Thomas Egerton to Esther Bates. 
Jamee W'hitall to Ann Cooper. 
Charles French to Ann Clement. 
Robert Stevens to Ann Dent. 
Isaac Lippincott to Hannah Engle. 
Thomas Rakestraw to Mary Mason. 
Jacob Hiuchman to Abigail Harrison. 
Samuel Stokes to Hannah Hinchman. 
Thomas Stokes to Abigail Matlack. 
William Albertson to Jane Turner. 
Joshua Stokes to Amy Hinchman. 
Isaac Burrough to Deborah Jennings. 
John Ashard to Mary MidUleton. 
Thomas Hooten to Mercy Bates. 
Samuel Mickle to Latitia Matlack. 
Henry Wood to Ruth Dennis. 
Daniel Fortinerto Rebecca Smith. 
Joseph Wilkine to Sarah Hartshorn. 
Daniel Hillman to Abigail Nicholson. 
Abraham Haines to Sarah Ellis. 
Samuel Nicholson to Rebecca Saint. 
John Warrington to Hannah Ellis. 
Job Siddon to Achsa Matlack. 
Jantes Cooper to Deborah Matlack. 
John HiUniiin to Hannah Nicholson. 
Samuel Noble to Lydia Cooper. 
William Miller to Elizabeth Woodward. 
Jacob Clement to Hannah Albertson. 
Joseph Snowdcn to Rebecca Howell. 
Michael Lents to Rachel Richardson. 
Samuel Clement to Ruth Evans. 
Benjamin Champion to Ann Hewitt. 
William Matlack to Mary Turner. 
Samuel Collins to Kosanna Stokes. 
Samuel Niclioldsou to Jane Albertson (widow), 
James West to Mary Cooper. 
Jacob Stokes to Priucilla Ellis. 
John Jaffereys to Mary Butcher. 
Archibald Mickle to Mary Burrough. 
Thomas Hinchman to Letitia Mickle (widow). 
Jacob Ellis to Cassandra Alljertson. 
John Branson to Sarah Sloan. 
John Thorne to Mary Gill (widow). 
John Barton to Elizabeth Champion. 
Jonathan Fisher to Hannah Hutchison. 
Simeon Breach to Mary Shores. 
Jacob Burrough to Sarah Throne. 
Enoch Burrough to Deborah Middleton. 
John Glover to Mary Thorne. 
Joseph Bispham to Elizabeth Hinchman. 
Samuel Hugg to Elizabeth Collins. 
Thomas Bates to Sarah Pancoast. 
Restore Lippincott to Ann Lord. 
Cliarles West to Hannah Cooper. 
James Hinchman to Sarah Bickam. 
Joshua Evans to Priscilla Collins. 
Nathan Beaks to Lydia Morgan. 
Robert Stevens to Mary Kaighn. 
Jacob Burrough to Cassaiidni Ellis. 
Samuel Burrough to Hannali Spence,"* 
John Hillmau to Mary Horner. 
Isaac Ballinger to Patience Albertson. 
William B;it*« to KlizaU'th IKu.tfu. 



1757, 
1758, 



1758. 
1759. 



17C3. 
17G4. 



1760. 
1770. 



Isaac Horner to Elizabeth Kay. 
Josiah Burrough to Sarah Morgan. 
Caleb Hughes to Abigail Ellis. 
Samuel Clement to Beulnh Evans. 
Daniel Tomlinson to Mary Biites. 
John Buzby to Sarah Ellis. 
Samuel Tomlinson to Ann Burrough. 
Joseph Morgan to Mary Stokes. 
Thomas Thorne to Abig-ail Burrough. 
Samuel Webster to Sarah Albertson. 
John Branson to Sarah Sloan. 
John Starr to Eunice Lord. 
John Brick to Abigail French. 
Thomas Champion to Deborah Clark. 
Chattield Brown to Hannah Andrews. 
Conetantine Lord to Sarah Albertson. 
John Sharp to Sarah Andrews. 
Simeon Zane to Sarah Hooten. 
- Elnathan Zane to Batbsiiba Hurtly. 
Jacob Jenning to Mary Smith. 
Richard Gibbs to Mary Burrough. 
Jacob Cozens to Esther Zane. 
John Mickle to Elizabeth E. Hopkins. 
James Brown to Catharine Andrews. 
John E. Hopkins to Sarah Mickle. 
Stephen Thackara to Elizabeth Sloan. 
David Davis to Martha Cole. 
James Gardiner to Mary Tomlinson. 
Job Kimsey to Elizabeth Eastlack. 
James Whitall to Rebecca Matlack. 
Caleb Lippincott to Ann Vinacomb. 
James Starr to Elizabeth Lord. 
James Cooper to Mary Mifilin (widow). 
Ebenezer Hopkins to Ann Albertson. 
Jonathan Knight to Elizabeth Delap. 
William Cooper to Abigail Matlack. 
Joseph Burrough to Mary Pine. 
Griffith Morgan to Rebecca Clement. 
Constantine Jeffreys to Patience Butcher. 
Isaac Townsend to Katharine Albertson. 
John Wilkins to Rachel Wood. 
Josiah Albertson to Elinor Tomlinson. 
Caleb Cresson to Sarah Hopkins. 
John Redman to Sarah Branson. 
Aquilla Jones to Elizabeth Cooper. 
Joshua Lippencott to Elizabeth Wood. 
Robert Cooper to Mary Hooper. 
Mark Miller to Mary Redman. 
John Gill to Abigail Hillman. 
Jacob Haines to Bathsaba Burrough. 
Samuel Brown to Rebecca Branson. 
Job Whitall to Sarah Gill. 
Joshua Cresson to Mary Hopkins. 
James Sloan to Rachel Clement. 
Jonathan Iredell to Elizabeth Hillman 
Joseph Gibson to Sarah Haines. 
Isaac Buzby to Martha Lippincott. 
Joseph Mickle to Hannah Burrough. 
Thomas Wright to Mary Branson. 
Benjamin C. Cooper to Ann Black. 
Amos Cooper to Sarah Mickle. 
Samuel Allison to Martha Cooper. 
Geo. Ward to Ann Branson. 
John Barton to Amy Shivers. 
Joseph Reeve to Elizabeth Morgan. 
Benjamin Catheral to Esther Brown. 
Joshua Stretch to Lydia Tomlinson. 
Wm. Zane to Elizabeth Hillman. 
Wm. Kneas to Sarah Pederick. 
James Stuart to Mary Ballanger. 
Enoch Allen to Hannah Collins. 
Juab Wills to Amy Gill. 



THE BOROUGH OF HADDONFIELD. 



C23 



Wm. EiJgarton to Tnbitba Hanisnn. - 
Jclin Haines to HipiMicliia Ilincliiimn. 
CiUcli Lippincotl to Ziliiali Sliinn. 

1776. Nathuniel Barton to Kachel Stokes. 
John Clement to Hannah Grisconi. 
Jonathan Brnwn to Sarah Ballinger. 

1777. Samuel Tonilinsouto Ulartha Mason. 

Joshua Evans to Ann Kay. 

Job Cowpeithwaite to Ann Viekers. 

Daviit Branson to Elizabeth Evans. 

1778. Joseph Burrough to Lydia Stretch. 
Blarmaduke Cooper to Mary Jones. 
Wni. White to Ann Paul. 

1779. Samuel Stokes to Hope Hunt. 
Joshua Paul to Mary Lippiucott. 
James Hinchman to Sarah Morj^an. 
Jededia Allen to Ann Wilkins. 
Benj. Test to Elizabeth Thaokara. 
Richard Snowden to Sarah Brown. 

1780. Bery. Horten to Sarah Snowden. 
Wm. Lipptncott to Elizabeth Folwell. 
Samuel Tonilinson to Mary Bates. 

1781. Peter Thompson to Mary Glover. 
John Gill to Sarah Pritchett. 
Robert Zane to Elizabeth Butler. 
Daniel Hillman to Martha Ellis. 
Isaac Ballinger to Mary Baa&ett. 
John Webb to Amy Wills. 

■VEdward Gibbs to Hepsibah Evans. 

1782. Joshua Cooper to Abigail Stokes. 
Johu Barton to Rebecca Engevine. 
John Reeves to Beulab Brown. 
David Ware to Sarah .Shinn. 
Restore Lii)pincott to Deborah Ervin. 
Joshua Harlan to Sarah Hinchman. 

1783. Zaccheus Test to Rebecca Davis. 
Isaac Stiles to Rachel Glover. 
Jacob Jennings to Ann Hopkins. 
Asher Brown to Mary Ward. 

1784. James Thackara to Jane Gaunt. 
Charles Fogg to Ann Bates. 

Wm. Knight to Elizabeth Webster. 
James Hopkins to Rebecca Clement. 
Darling Haines to Mary Lippincott. 
James Mickle to Hannah Lord. 
Jonathan Morgan to Elizabeth Fisher. 

1785. Daniel Roberts to H.anuah Stokes. 
Abraham Warrington to Rachel Evan 
Peter Thompson to Sarah Stephenson. 
John Stuart to Deborah Griscom. 
John Evans to Elizabeth Browning. 

1788. Isaac Jones to Sarah Atkinson. 
Caleb Atkinson to Sarah Cliampion. 
Francis Boggs to Ann Haines. 

1789. Wm. Rogers to Mary Davis. 
Joseph Davis to Mary Haines. 
Wm. Saterthwaite to Mary Prior. 
Samuel Glover to Hannah Albertson. 
John Thome to Mary Duberee. 

1790. Thomas Knight to Hannah Branson. 
Thomas M. Potter to Mary Glover. 
Josiah Kay to Elizabeth Horner. 

1791. Geo. Abbott to Mary Redman. 
Samuel Abbott to Martia Gill. 
Jeremiah Wood to Mary Horner. 

1782. Joseph Burrough to Martha Davis. 

John Gill to Susanna Branson. 
1793. Jesse Lippincott to Mary Ann Kay. 

Joseph Cooper to Sarah P. Buckley. 
1793. Marmaduke Burr to .\nn Hopkins. 

Abraham Silver to Sarah Knight. 

Joshua Roberts to Sarah Cole. 



1794. Obediah Engle to Patience Colo. 

John Albertson to Ann Pine. 
17116. Isaac Ballinger to Esther Stokes. 

Job Bishop to Lardlo Jones. 

Joseph Kaighn to Sarah Mickle. 

Jesse Smith ti> Mary Paul. 

Wm. E. Hopkins to Ann Morgan. 

1796. Joseph Glover to Sanih Mickle. 
Aaron Pancoast to .\nu Cooper. 
Joseph Bennett to Mary Morgan. 
Reuben Braddock to Elizabeth Stokes. 

1797. Jonathan Knight to Elizabeth Kaighn. 
Peter Hammit to Mary Duel. 
Joseph C. Swett to Ann Clement. 

1798. Richard M. Coojjer to Mary Coojicr. 
Joseph Burr to Mary Sloan. 

Abel Ashard to Ann Jennings. 

1799. Robert Rowand to Elizabeth Barton. 
Wm. Roljerts to Ann Brick. 

Isaac Thorne to Kachel Horner. 
Samuel Hooten to Sarah Ballanger. 

77ie JTic/csite Friends.— In the years 1827-28, 
when Elias Hicks, the exponent of the early 
teachings of Robert Barclay and others, was trav- 
eling through the country, he visited the Friends' 
Meeting in Haddonfield, and won to his cause a 
number of the Friends, who at once organized a 
meeting ofHicksites, as his followers were termed. 
The feeling between the two parties was such 
that the partition in the meeting-house wa.s kept 
down, and separate meetings held from that time 
until the destruction of the house, in 1851, by the 
Orthodox Friends. A lot was then purchased at 
Ellis and Walnut Streets, and the present brick 
meeting-house erected. The public Friends who 
have ministered to the people of this branch of 
the society were Samuel Allen and Mary, his wife, 
both deceased. 

Haddonfiei-d Baptist Chdrch.— The history 
of the Baptist Church at Haddonfield is closely 
identified with the Baptist Churches of Mount 
Holly and Evesham. As early as 1784 the B.ev. 
Peter Wilson, pastor of the Baptist Church at 
Hightstown, Monmouth County, occasionally 
preached at Mount Holly, in Burlington County, 
N. J. At intervals others of like persuasion offi- 
ciated there, and in 1801 a church was organized 
with thirty-six members. About the year 1788 
religious services were held at the house of Matthew 
Wilson, in Evesham township, Burlington County, 
and afterward continued, with more regularity, at 
the school-house in that neighborhood. In 1803 
Joseph Evans and Letitia, his wife, and Rebecca 
Troth were baptized, they being the first in that 
ren-ion, and two years after, the covenants were 
adopted and a church organized with forty-five 
members, many of whom had been dismissed from 
the church at Mount Holly. 

Among those who connected themselves with the 
church at Mount Holly was John Sisty, then a 



624 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



young man, and a resident of that town. Yielding 
to the persuasions of his associates, he occasionally 
addressed religious meetings, which developed a gift 
for the ministry. In 1814 he was made a licentiate, 
the next year ordained, and preached regularly 
once in each month at the Evesham Meeting-house 
for nearly four years and without compensation. 
During this time he removed to Philadelphia, and 
had his residence and place of business on the west 
side of Front Street, a few doors below Market 
Street, and there continued for many years. While 
friends of his own religious belief at Haddon- 
field, in the year 1817, requested him to 
preach, with a view of founding a Baptist Church. 
This invitation was accepted, and in the afternoon 
of August 17, 1817, he preached his first sermon in 
the Grove School-house. These meetings were 




continued the second and fourth Sabbaths of each 
month until June 11, 1818, when a Baptist Church 
was regularly organized. 

At that time the Society of Friends was ihe only 
religious denomination which had stated meetings 
in the village, and, it might be said, in the neigh- 
borhood, save, perhaps, the Protestant Episcopal 
Church iit Colcstown. The Grove School-house, 
in which he conducted the first services, was a 
plain building, furnished with unpainted desks 
and with benches without cushions of backs. To 
this uninviting and uncomfortable place was Mr. 
Sisty taken when he first sought to promulgate the 
opinions and practices of his adopted church. In 
this unpretending structure, many miles from any 



other in doctrinal sympathy, did that good man 
persevere in his efforts to draw around him those 
who were willing to accept his views of religion 
and follow the requirements of his creed as by him 
explained. The services were of the simplest 
character, often without the singing of hymns, for 
there were but few who understood or had any 
knowledge of music. He soon found, however, 
that these meetings attracted attention and was 
much encouraged to continue his efforts, with the 
ultimate object of founding a branch of the society. 
In after-years Mr. Sisty often spoke of the kind 
and sympathetic manner in which he was received 
by members of the Society of Friends, and who 
always expressed themselves as pleased with his 
efforts and hoped that success might attend him. 
An organization was effected June 11, 1818, with 
the following-named persons as 
members: Chas. Kain, Isaac Cole, 
Samuel Vanhorn, John Fairlam, 
Hannah Clement, Maria Hillman, 
Sarah Kain, Ann Kain, Elizabeth 
Vanderveer, Keturah Eowand. 

Charles Kain and his wife, Sarah) 
resided at Fellowship, in Burling- 
ton County ; Isaac Cole, in Cam- 
den ; Hannah Clement, in Haddon- 
field ; and Ann Kain, at Marlton, 
Burlington Co. Elizabeth Vander- 
veer resided at Moorestown, in the 
last-named county ; John Fairlam 
and Samuel Vanhorn, near Coles- 
town ; and Maria Hillman and Ket- 
turah Rowaud lived near Fellow- 
ship. 

Zaccheus Logan, Joseph Evans 
Isaac Smith, David Vanderveer and 
Charles Kain were selected as trns- 
tees to take the title of the lot which 
was purchased of the heirs of Eliza- 
beth West, deceased, by deed dat ed Feb. 19, 1819, and 
duly recorded. On this lot was erected a neat and 
comfortable brick meeting-house. The building, 
when finished, presented a creditable appearance, 
and was much admired by strangers. The entrance 
was by a front-door and two side-doors, the latter 
being used by those coming in carriages. The 
inside arrangement was admirable, with a double 
range of pews in the middle and a range on either 
side, next the walls, with two aide-aisles to a cross- 
aisle, between the side-doors. The pulpit was 
paneled, but plain, and reached by several steps 
on either side, only large enough, however, for 
two persons to sit in ; galleries extended around 
three sides of the building and furnished with 



THE BOROUGH OF H ADDON FIELD. 



625 



benches throughout. Two large ten-plate wood- 
stoves stood in the main aisles for heating pur- 
poses. The pews were neatly finished with solid 
backs and doors, but without paint and not num- 
bered. 

The-coUections were taken in velvet sacks at- 
tached to long black handles, and were by the 
deacons passed solemnly round near the close of 
the service. The money in circulation in those 
days were the old Spanish coins, and twelve and 
six-penny bits generally made up the sums con- 
tributed. Open baskets were at last substituted 
on account of the many pieces of spurious coin 
found in the velvet sacks and placed there by 
those who had little regard for the necessities of 
the church. September 5, 1S18, John Sisty pre- 
sented his letter of dismissal from the Baptist 
Church at Mount Holly, and, on August 14, 1819, 
by a formal vote of the church and the pew-hold- 
ers, was invited to become their pastor. At the 
same meeting Charles Kain and Isaac Coles were 
selected as deacons. November 13th following, 
Mr. Sisty, by a letter, accepted the charge, his 
services being rendered without compensation, 
the church paying his necessary expenses, which 
seldom exceeded one hundred dollars per year. 

The building was dedicated on the last Sabbath 
in November, 1818, when Dr. Holcom, Kevereud 
Mr. Gregg, Mr. Mahlon and Mr. Cooper were 
present with Mr. Sisty to conduct the services. 
These were novel and interesting in a Quaker 
neighborhood, where formality of any kind on 
such occasions was studiously avoided. Visitors 
came from all the country-side, and under the per- 
suasive eloquence of the eminent speakers, con- 
tributed liberally towards the payment of the out- 
standing debt. It is not too much to say that 
broad-brimmed hats and plain bonnets were 
scattered through the congregation, and although 
not of those who then gave, were known to be in 
sympathy with the enterprise and hoped for its 
success. 

It is proper to record something of the constitu- 
ent members of the church. Charles Kain was 
baptized at Salem, New Jersey, in the twentieth 
year of his age, by the Rev. Job Sheppard, and 
became a member of the church at that place. 
The next year, 1813, he removed to Philadelphia, 
and by letter joined the Rev. Dr. Holcom's church 
in that city. In 1816 he came to New Jersey 
again and worshipped with those of the Old Cause- 
way Meeting-House, near Marlton, Burlington 
County, and there remained until he became one 
of the constituent members of the church at Had- 
donfield. He is remembered as leading the sing- 



ing, to which place he was chosen as clerk and 
acceptably filled it for several years. 

Isaac Cole, who lived in Camden, was an active 
member, was liberal to the church and acted as 
treasurer for several years. He gradually became 
interested in the church in Camden, and believing 
that his usefulness lay in that direction, requested 
his letter, which was granted February 28, 1830, 
that he could properly connect himself therewith. 

Hannah Clement, educated and baptized as a 
member of the Protestant Episcopal Church at 
Chews Landing, a few miles from Haddonfield, 
was convinced of the faith and practices of the 
Baptists under the preaching of Dr. William 
Staughton while residing in Philadelphia. She 
became a member of the First Baptist Church of 
that city and was dismissed therefrom June 11, 
1818, to connect herself with the Haddonfield 
Church. She was the first resident Baptist in the 
town, and used her best efforts towards planting 
the church there. 

She was the wife of John Clement, who took 
much interest in the enterprise and acted as cash- 
ier during the erection of the house. At morning 
and evening service he could always be seen in his 
seat at the head of his pew, and through all the 
mutations of the church he regularly occupied the 
same place, and only abandoned it when he found 
his remonstrances would not avail to prevent the 
taking down of the building he had assisted to 
erect and maintain. He could not be convinced 
of the need of such a change, which would entail 
a heavy debt and not add very much to the seat- 
ing capacity. His wife was alike jealous of any 
innovation that endangered the ancient landmarks 
and was likely to weaken or destroy them. She 
looked suspiciously upon any change in the old 
forms of worship, and held fast to the ways of the 
fathers. She lived to see the small beginnings at 
the Grove School-house come to be a large and 
influential society. She died an exemplary Chris- 
tian. 

Elizabeth Vanderveer was the wife of David 
Vanderveer, a residt nt of Moorestown, some six 
miles from Haddonfield. Through her influence 
several other families came from the same town and 
neighborhood, and were pew-holders in the church. 
After the death of her husband she was dismissed, 
November 29, 1838, and took her letter to the 
Tenth Baptist Church of Philadelphia, to which 
city, with her children, she went to reside. 

John Fairlam was a fanner residing near Coles- 
town, and rendered what assistiance his limited 
means would allow towards the new enterprise. 
He was baptized by John Sisty in 1817, and he- 



626 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



came a member of the Old Causeway Meeting, 
and was dismissed therefrom to join the organiza- 
tion at Haddonfield. He was separated from tlie 
church and became chorister at Colestown. 

Samuel Vanhorn, also a farmer and residing 
Dear Colestown, was baptized by John Sisty iu 
1818, and always remained a consistent member of 
the denomination. 

Sarah Kain, wife of Charles, was also baptized 
by John Sisty, and was ever after an upright and 
faithful member among her associates. She was 
anxious that her children should follow iu her 
footsteps, and had the pleasure in her declining years 
to Ifuow that her precept and example had done 
much for them. 

Ann Kain, sister of Charles, was baptized by 
John Sisty. She afterwards married Samuel Wil- 
kins, and for several years lived in Haddonfield, 
and then removed to Woodbury, Gloucester Coun- 
ty. With her husband and family she returned to 
the village, where she died in full membership 
with the church, having never removed her letter 
therefrom. 

Keturah Rowand, wife of Joseph Rowand, and 
sister of Isaac Coles, was, with her husband, a 
member of the Old Causeway Meeti:ig. She was 
zealous in the cause of religion, and through her 
influence many were induced to join the church. 

Maria Hillman resided near Haddonfield, and 
although not a conspicuous member, was generally 
found in her place and ready to assist in every 
good work. 

The grave-yard in the rear of the church brings 
back many sad recollections. About one-half of 
the first purchase of land was laid out with two 
avenues and a range of lots on the right and left 
of each. The pew-holders had the choice of lots, 
and such as paid four years in advance for their 
seats in the church, were given the lot selected 
without other consideration. 

In later years this home of the dead has been 
much enlarged, and the outlines of the original 
yard are almost obliterated. The first funeral here, 
tradition says, was that of Lieutenant Nicholson, 
of the United States navy, who died in the neigh- 
borhood, where he was boarding. He is remem- 
bered as a martinet in dress, and a genial com- 
panion, but a victim to intemperance which unfitted 
him for duty. His habits were a great mortifica- 
tion to his family, and after his burial no friend or 
relative was ever known to visit his grave. His 
remains were laid in the northeast corner of the 
yard, but through long neglect the particular spot 
has been lost sight of. 

The custom of Friends had its influence, and 



many of the first graves are without monuments, 
and hence lost sight of. In the old part may be 
seen the graves of several of the founders of the 
church, and among them that of John Sisty, who 
provided that his remains should be laid within 
the bounds of the place he loved so much. • Here 
are the plain, unpretending stones, showing where 
lay those who were active and useful in their gen- 
eration, and whom their descendants have reason 
to love. 

Something about the baptisms, or, more properly 
speaking, the immersions, should be written. The 
first baptism in connection with this church took 
place on September 13, 1818, and the persons im- 
mersed were Samuel Lippincott, John S. Wilmot, 
Clarissa Laconey and Sarah Sleeper. Baptisms 
occurred on Sabbath mornincf, and generally at 
Evans' Mill pond, above the dam, but sometimes 
below the flood-gates, when the ice was too thick 
on the pond. 

In 1837, after much opposition, the old house 
was remodeled at a considerable expense ; the 
pulpit was removed, the floor lowered, the railing 
around the galleries was replaced by panel-work 
and the old chandelier and side-lights taken away. 
The wood-stoves were banished and better heating 
apparatus substituted, and the whole inside of the 
church handsomely and tastefully painted. The 
next year a frame addition was built in the rear, 
in which the business meetings and Sunday-school 
were held, and, although not very sightly, fur- 
nished the much-needed space necessary to the 
increased membership. 

Anno Domini 1838 was an eventful year. Feb- 
ruary 17th the Reverend Timothy Jackson was in- 
vited to conduct a series of rneetings, which ex- 
tended over twenty-three days and evenings, and 
ended in some eighty persons being baptized. He 
was a remarkable man as a sermonizer and ex- 
horter, and crowds followed him wherever he 
preached. He was popular among the people and 
his services were always in demand. This 
strengthened the church in numbers and increased 
its zeal, through which its influence was enlarged 
and much good done. 

August 18, 1837, a desirable lot of land on the 
east was purchased, which gave much more space 
on that side of the house and nearly doubled the 
number of lots in the grave-yard. 

The most important event of this year was the 
resignation of John Sisty as pastor. Nothing can 
better express his feelings relating to this subject 
than the words written with his own hand. They 
are as follows. 

"Ecsignfd my |««toriil charge of the Baptist f'Liiirh in Hml- 



THE BOROU(iH OF IIADDONFIELD. 



62< 



dcinfleld, SeptBmbcr 30th, 1838. But few churches ami minislere 
continue so long in harmony and unbrolien friendship. Mucli im- 
perfection and uuworthinesa have niarlied the tenure uf ni.v way, 
hut hy the grace of God we are what we are. .T. 8isty." 

As the church property increased in extent and 
value, it was deemed prudent that the membership 
should become an incorporated body, according to 
the laws of the State of New Jersey in such cases 
made and provided, and December 15th, of this 
year, a resolution to this eflect was passed. March 
16, 1839, Charles Kain, Daniel Fortiner, James G. 
Webster, John Osier, John G. Sliivers, Thomas 
Marshall and Thomas Ellis were chosen as 
trustees, and July 20th following took the obliga- 
tion of office. 

The numbers went on increasing, and as evi- 
dence of the earnestness and vitality of this body 
of professing Christians, it is only necessary to 
notice the several churches that can trace their 
beginning to those who were attached to the Bap- 
tist Church in Haddonfield. To name them 
chronologically, the church at Moorestown was 
founded in 1837 by members from this. In a short 
time a house was built and now it has a large num- 
ber of adherents. In 1839 a few others were dis- 
missed to establish one at Marlton, which, after 
some opposition from the Old Causeway Meeting, 
was organized and has always been prosperous. 

In 1841 others of the church, in connection 
with a few from Marlton, sought to draw around 
them a congregation at Medford, and, although 
much eft'ort was made, it was not as successful as 
those before named. In 1843 preaching by regular 
appointment was had at Newton, and a house 
erected, but dissessions crept in and disappoint- 
ments followed. In 1848, with better success, a 
few of the members residing near Blackwoodtown 
established themselves, obtained a house and se- 
cured stated preaching in that village. A few years 
after a like effort was made at Tausboro', since re- 
moved to Berlin, where a respectable congregation 
always attends. 

The Sunday-school was organized at the same 
time as the church, and John Gill, an elder in the 
Society of Friends, was chosen .the first president, 
again showing the sympathy and kind feeling that 
existed between these religious denominations. It 
was always well sustained and brought witliin its 
influence and control many who in after-years be- 
came valuable members of the church. 

The Rev. C. C. Park followed Mr. Sisty as pas- 
tor, with a salary fixed at four hundred dollars. 
In 1840 the Rev. Charles Wilson took the place of 
Mr. Park. He was succeeded by the Rev. Marvin 
Eastwood in 1844, who remained until 1847, when 



the Rev. Orion H. Caperon was called. On account 
of bad health he remained but a short time, when 
the Rev. William H. Brisbane supplied the church. 
This last person was an attractive speaker and in- 
creased the attendance during his short stay. As 
his pastorate was understood to be limited, he was, 
in 1848, followed by the Rev. William Hires. 

In 1850 the Rev. Samuel B. Willis was settled 
and remained for about one year, when the Rev. 
Alfred S. Patton succeeded him. During his ad- 
ministration the subject of erecting a larger and 
more commodious building was seriou.sly consid- 
ered, which movement was bitterly opposed by the 
older members and many of the congregation. 
Those in favor of this step argued that thirty years 
had increased the attendance so much that the old 
building had not sufficient capacity, and that its 
architecture and appearance were entirely behind 
the age. 

On the other hand, it was regarded as the bold- 
est vandalism to tear down the building so 
much venerated by those who assisted in its erec- 
tion, and who had for so many years contrib- 
uted to its supi>ort, with which the better days of 
the church were identified. The progressive ones 
refused to be convinced, and in the order of time 
the old house was razed to its foundations and an- 
other one soon arose in its place. 

The old meeting-hou.se was torn down in July, 

1852, and the corner-stone of a new church was 
laid August 12th following, with appropriate ser- 
vices. Addresses were made by the Rev. John 
Sisty, Rev. Joseph H. Kennard, Rev. Stephen 
Remington and the Rev. J. Dowling, D.D. The 
church was built of brown stone, and was forty- 
two by sixty-five feet, surmounted by a steeple 
one hundred and twelve feet high, containing a 
bell. The lower room was dedicated January 1, 

1853, and the auditorium in June following. 

As pastors the Rev. Mr. Latham followed Alfred 
S. Patton in 1855 ; Mr. Meeson in 1856, and the 
Rev. James E. Wilson in 1857. When he resigned, 
in 1861, the Rev. Robert F. Young was called to 
fill his place. 

By death and removals the board of trustees h.as 
been changed at different times, but now consists 
of Isaac M. Kay, Joseph F. Kay, Benjamin F. 
Fowler, George D. Stuart, Joseph S. Garrett, 
Aaron C. Clement and Isaac P. Lippincott. 

With the removal of theold building it is proper 
that this sketch should end ; but it may be inquired 
what time and circumstances have done with the 
constituent members, since they assembled to plant 
the seed that has yielded such a harvest. John 
M. Fairlam was excluded in 1821 ; Maiia Hill- 



628 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



man was dismissed to another church in 1825 ; 
Hannah Clement died in 1834; Isaac Coles took 
his letter to Camden in 1836 ; Elizabeth Vander- 
veer to Philadelphia, in 1838 ; Charles Kain and 
Sarah, his wife, were dismissed to Marlton in 1839 : 
Keturah Rowand died in 1842; Ann Kain (after- 
wards Ann Wilkins) died in Haddonfield in 1864 ; 
and Samuel Vanhorn, by reason of old age, was 
prevented from active service, but died in unity 
with the church. 

John Sisty had dissolved his official connection 
with the church at the time before named, but re- 
tained his interest in its welfare, and did much in 
after-years to heal dissensions and preserve 
brotherly love. He was always a welcome visitor, 
and received with the greatest respect by the mem- 
bers. He died in 1863, surviving all save one of 
his contemporaries in this undertaking. He was 
generally present at the installations of the new 
pastors, and charged them as to their solemn and im- 
portant duties, never forgetting to remark that 
short, pithy sermons were more popular than long, 
prosy discourses. 

The church that in 1818 began with ten mem- 
bers, has increased in the sixty-eight years of its 
existence to three hundred and ninety-one. 

The Rev. Robert F. Young served this church 
until his death, January 5, 1884, after a pastorate 
of twenty-two years. In May, 1884, Rev. Henry 
A. Griesemer became pastor of this church, and 
still remains. 

A lot on the Main Street was procured in the 
spring of 1885, and on the 17th of July, in that 
year, the corner-stone of a new house of worship 
was laid with appropriate ceremonies. 

The plan of the church was designed by Isaac 
Percell, of Philadelphia, and is in the Gothic 
order of architecture. It is built of stone. The 
audience-room is large and commodious, with a 
lecture-room to the rear. The lecture-room was 
opened for use on the first Sunday in January, 
1886, and it is intended to dedicate the audience- 
room when the outstanding debt is provided for. 
The entire cost of edifice and grounds is about 
thirty-two thousand dollars. 

The Methodist Episcopal Church. — Relig- 
ious meetings were held in the open air at Rowand- 
town about 1797, at which Ezekiel Cooper, a Metho- 
dist of Philadelphia, preached occasionally. Be- 
tween the years 1800 and 1810 a Methodist meet- 
ing-house, about twenty-five by thirty-six feet, was 
built at Snow Hill by both white and colored 
people. It was used by them until 1816, when a 
separation took place, and the white people built 
a church at Greenland. The first sermon ])reached 



under the auspices of the Methodist Society in 
Haddonfield was by John P. Curtis in 1850. He is 
now living in Greenland at an advanced age. The 
services were held in the Baptist Church at the re- 
quest of Rev. John Sisty, who was then the pastor 
of that church. Mr. Curtis was .soon after fol- 
lowed by others who preached in the old Grove 
School-house. The first Methodist people to reside 
in the town were Richard Stafford and his wife, who 
lived on the site of Willard's Drug Store. The 
ministers on the Burlington Circuit in 1825 were 
Jacob Gouber and Wesley Wallace. The circuit 
then extended from Burlington to Cape May. 

The Grove School-house was, by resolution at the 
time it was built, declared to be open for the use of 
all sects, and even if school was in session and appli- 
cation was made for preaching, the school should 
at once be dismissed. About 1825, when the min- 
ister of the Methodist Society visited Haddonfield, 
application was made for the school-house in which 
to hold services. Some parties refused to admit the 
minister and locked the doors. John Clement 
ordered the door unlocked, which was finally done. 

In 1827 George Wooly, then on the Burlington 
Circuit, requested John P. Curtis to transact some 
church business at Snow Hill, he not having au- 
thority, but as far as permitted, conferred upon 
John P. Curtis the title of bishop, a name which some 
of his old associates still cling to. John P. Curtis 
was a member of a class under John Hood, the 
first class-leader of Philadelphia. A class was or- 
ganized in Haddonfield in the year 1830, with the 
following members: Charles Lippincott and wife, 
Russell Millard and wife, Sarah A. Lippincott, 
Richard Stafford, Rachel Stafford, Mary Walker, 
Elizabeth Matlack, Esther Ann Reeves, Sarah 
Boker, James Rhoads, Hope Rhoads, Thomas Pit- 
man, Hampton Williams, Mary Willis, Rebecca 
Van Dodd, Mary Ann Connell, Sarah Hillnian, 
Keziah Stafford, Anne M. Pitman, John Clark, 
William England, Priscilla Obes, James Hopkins, 
Atlantic Kelly, Mary Ann Elbertson, Phccbe Ann 
Guthrie, Hannah Kendall, Wesley Armstrong, Ann 
Chew, Sarah Matlack and Atlantic West. 

Meetings were held generally in the school-house 
until the erection of a church at the east end of 
the village, in 1885. It was dedicated in August of 
that year by Rev. R. E. Morrison, then in charge. 
This house was used until 1857, when it was de- 
molished, and the present church built on the cor- 
ner of Grove and Main Streets. The first effort 
towards the erection of a new church was made at 
the meeting of the Quarterly Conference, October 
30, 1852. A committee was appointed to purchase 
a lot. They reported on Sejitember 8, 1853, that a 



THE BOROUCH OF IIADDOiNFIKLD. 



C2n 



brick house, forty-three by sixty-five feet, could be 
built for four thousand dollars. A committee was 
appointed to ascertain the best plans and to dispose 
of the old church property. In 1856 a building com- 
mittee was appointed ; a lot was purchased on the 
corner of Grove and Main Streets. 

The following is a list of ministers who served 
on the Burlington Circuit after Haddonfield be- 
came a station. Haddonfield became a regular 
preaching-place in 1825, under Jacob Gruber and 
William Wallace, presiding elders. In that year 
Riley Barrett, David Duflell, Andrew Jenkins and 
Isaiah Toy preached in the Grove School-house. 
Robert Gary, a junior preacher, assisted in the 
services : 



1826. George Wooly. 

Robert Gary. 
182Y. George Wooly. 



I84.-|-4fi. Z. Gaskill. 

1847. B. Weed. 

1848. Robert Given. 
G. A. Uaybolil. 

184n. James B. Dobbius. 
1850-51. Levi Hevr. 
1852-5.'i. A. S. Brice. 
1854. Samuel M. Hudson. 
1855-56. J. R. Bryan. 
1857-58. Samuel E. Post, 
1859-60. Jacob B. Graw, D.D. 
1861-62. Aaron E. Ballard. 
1863. Albert Atwood. 
1864-65. Benjamin F. VVoolsto 
1806. Charles R. Hartranft. 
1807-68. Robert S. Harris. 
1869-70-71. William S. Zane. 
1872-73-74. J. Stiles. 

Levi Herr. 
1875-70. James G. Crate. 
1877-78. Cbarles H. Whltecar. 
1879-80-81. James H. Mickel. 
1882-83-84. Daniel B. Harris. 
1885-80. William Pittinger. 



1828. Henry Boehm. 
L. M. Prettyraan. 

1829. Henry Boehm. 
W. W. Folta. 

1830. Daniel Parish. 
Wra. J. Wilmer. 

1831. John Walker. 
Jefferson Lewis. 

1832. John Walker. 

1833. E. Page. 
David Bartine. 

1834. William Gammel. 

1835. John P. Curtis. 
M. German. 

1836. E. Stout. 
C. Jacquett. 

1838. James Long. 
J. B. McKeever. 

1839. James Long. 
W. A. Brooks. 

1843-44. George A. Eaybold. 

In 1839 the Haddonfield Circuit was formed and 
included several churches, the aggregate member- 
ship of which then was five hundred and fifty-two 
whites and seventy-two colored persons. 

Grace Episcopal Church. — According to the 
journal of the convention of the Protestant Epis- 
copal Church in New Jersey for 1842, the Rev. An- 
drew Bell Patterson, rector of Trinity Church, 
Moorestown, N. J., began holding services and 
preaching in Haddonfield September 5, 1841. 
These services were held in a building locally 
known as the Grove School-house, which is now 
used for school purposes for colored children. 

On Monday, April 4th, Bishop Doane visited 
Haddonfield and preached in the evening in the 
Baptist meeting-house. It was his intention to lay 
the corner-stone of the church building, but he was 
prevented by a severe rain-storm. A lot had been 
purchased, and on March 28, 1842, was conveyed 
by John Clement to Joseph Fewsmith and Chas. 



D. Hendry, M.D., trustees for the congregation. On 
April 11th the corner-stone was laid with appro- 
priate services by Rev. Andrew Bell Patterson, the 
rector in charge. The building was consecrated 
by Bishop Doane, September 29, 1842, being the 
" Festival of St. Michael and all the Angels.'" The 
following is the charter : 

" Hadiionfielii, April 20th, 1843. 
" To all toh'iii tlieie PreseiitJi may Concern. 
" We whose names and seals are hereto affixed do certify. That 
the congregation of Grace Church, in Haddonfield, in the County 
of Gloucester, and State of New Jersey, which is a Society worship- 
ing according to the customs and usages of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church, desiring to form themselves into a Body Corporate, accord- 
ing to the act of the Legislature of the State of New Jeraey iu such 
case made and provided, met in Grace Church aforesaid on the sev- 
enteenth day ot April, in the year of Our Lord, one thousand eight 
hundred and forty-three, pursuant to ten days' previous notice given 
as the intention of said Congregation to form themselves into a body 
corporate by an advertisement set up in open view on the outer door 
of said Grace Church, it being the place where said congregation 
usually assemble for Divine service, which notice designated the day 
when, and the place where, they designed to meet for that purpose. 
There being no Rector or Minister present, Doctor Charles D. Hen- 
dry, Esq., one of the Church Vestry, presided, and Benjamin M. 
Roberts, the Secretary, recorded the proceedings. 

" The Congregation then proceeded, by a vote of the majority of 
tliose present, to designate the corporate name or title by which 
the said Church shall be known, and which is. The Rector, Ward- 
ens and Vestrymen of Grace Church iu Haddonfield. 

" The Congregation then chose two Wardens and seven Vestry- 
men, and also by a majority of voices, fixed and determined on the 
Second Tuesd.iy of March annually as the day on which new elec- 
tions of officers of said Church shall take place. 

"In the testimony whereof, and in order that these proceedings 
may be recorded, we, the Church Wardens and Secretary aforesaid, 
liave hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twentieth day of -\pril, 
in the year of Our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and forty- 
three. 

"Ch.\rles D. Hendey, [l.8.] 
" Thomas Ashburner, [us.] 
" JosiAH E. Coles. [l.s.] 

" John White, [l.s.] 

"J.B.Fennimore, [i.s.) 

" Benjamin M. Roberts, [l.s.] 

'* Secret^trif, 
"George Lee, [l.s. ] 

•' William Stah.v, [l.s ] 
■' J. Few Smith. [l.s.] " 

The church was admitted to the convention in 
1843. 

The Rev. Andrew Bell Patterson continued to 
hold services in Haddonfield until he resigned his 
parish in Moorestown. He was succeeded at the 
latter place in 1846 by the Rev. Thomas L. Frank- 
lin, who also officiated at Haddonfield. In 1848 
Rev. Franklin was succeeded by Rev. X. P. La 
Baugh, who remained in charge until 1850. In the 
autumn of this year the Rev. I. M. Bartlett, rector 
of the Church of the Ascension, at Gloucester, be- 
came responsible for the services. In 1854 he was 
succeeded by the Rev. Samuel Hallowell, and for 
the first time in its history the church became inde- 
pendent of other parishes for ministerial services. 



630 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



During Rev. Hallowell's rectorship an addition 
was made to the church building, rendered neces- 
sary by the increase of membership. Mr. Hallo- 
well resigned the parish in December, 1865, and 
was succeeded in March, 1866, by the present rec- 
tor, the Rev. Gustavus M. Murray. 

In September, 1871, ground was broken for the 
erection of a rectory on the lot immediately ad- 
joining the church. The building was finished and 
occupied by the rector and his family on March 3, 
1872, and again, in 18S5, the interior of the church 
was thoroughly repaired and needed alterations 
made in harmony with distinctive features of 
church worship. For a number of years it has 
been evident that the work of the parish required 
better accommodations ; to this end efforts are being 
made looking to the accumulation of i'unds for the 
erection of a new and substantial stone church, 
with the necessary accommodations for Sunday- 
school and parish work. 

The Presbyterian Church of Haddonfield 
was organized on the 21st day of November, 1871, 
with twenty-one members, of whom six have died, 
ten removed to other places and five are still 
active members of the church. The first gathering 
for religious worship among the Presbyterians of 
the village was held in midsummer of 1871, in the 
Town Hall, when the Rev. F. D. Harris (now of 
Camden, who has been from the first a nurse to 
the infant church) preached for the few who as- 
sembled. 

Loyalty to Presbytedanism and perhaps a wise 
foresight, which caught a glimpse of the growth of 
the town, held the little handful of faithful men 
and women together under the leadership of Mr. 
Harris, and in October of the same year a petition 
was sent to the Presbytery of West Jersey praying 
for the organization of a church. Rev. V. D. 
Reed, D.D., Rev. L. C. Baker and F. M. Harris 
and Elders Reinboth and Fewsmith were the com- 
mittee appointed by the Presbytery, in compliance 
with the petition, to constitute the church. The 
young church continued to hold services for a time 
in the Town Hall, and then in a room which is 
now a part of the store of B. F. Fowler. 

In April, 1873, the lot of ground on which the 
church now stands was purchased, and in June 
the work of digging for the foundation was begun. 
In the spring of 1874 the congregation gathered in 
the chapel lor the first time and rejoiced in the 
" possession of a home. Under the care of the Rev. 
Edwin D. Newberry, the first pastor, the congreea- 
tion grew rapidly stronger and gained many 
friends and wider influence. But dissensions 
arose between pastor and people, which continued 



for three years, until at last, in 1879, it was 
checked, the cause removed and the young church 
walked Ibrth to regain her strength. 

The first elders elected and ordained over the 
church were Joseph B. Tatem, who died March 1, 
1881, and David Roe, still acting in that ofiice. 

The Rev. Julius E. Werner was called to the 
church in December, 1880, and was installed in 
the month of May following. The main audience- 
room of the church was completed and dedicated 
in August, 1882, and the church has been steadily 
gaining in numbers and influence under the pres- 
ent administration. It has at the present time a 
membership of eighty-five, and in point of contri- 
butions to benevolent societies and objects bears a 
good reputation. The Sabbath-school connected 
with the church at present has about one hundred 
and forty members enrolled as regular attendants, 
while liberal contributions and frequent public 
exercises show the sincerity and diligence of 
scholars and teachers. 

St. John's Military Academy and St. 
Agnes' Hall. — St. John's Academy was estab- 
lished in Camden, in 1866, by the Revs. Theophi- 
lus M. and William M. Reilly, clergymen of the 
Episcopal Church. In 1870 a tract of land con- 
taining one hundred and ten acres, lying nenr and 
adjoining the town of Haddonfield, was purchased. 
This place was part of the Francis Collins tract, 
surveyed to him in 1682, on which he erected a 
mansion-house, and named the place Mountwell. 
The greater part of the tract, including the man- 
sion-house, in 1716 came to Joseph Collins, his 
son, by whom the old house was built. This 
building upon the purchase by the Messrs. Reilly 
was fitted for school purposes, and used until it 
was destroyed by fire, in 1872. The present build- 
ing, containing one hundred and seventy-five 
rooms, was soon after erected, at a cost of twenty 
thousand dollars. The character of the academy 
was changed, and it became a military school. 
The military department is under the charge of 
Captain Wilder, formerly of West Point, and con- 
tains about sixty cadets. The buildings were de- 
stroyed by fire October 30, 1886. 

St. Agnes' Hall was established in 1878, and at 
present has fifteen pupils. The students of both 
schools are under the direction of Mrs. William 
M. Reilly, with a corps of competent assistants. 

Burlington College, Burlington, N. J., is also 
under the same management, the Rev. Theophi- 
lus M. Reilly, giving his personal attention at 
Burlington, and the Rev. William M. Reilly 
having charge of St. John's and St. Agnes', at 
Haddonfield. 



THE BOROUGH OF HADDONFIEL]). 



G31 



School-Houses.- — The first school-house in Had- 
donfield was built by the Friends, in 1786, on the 
southwest corner of the present burial-ground. It 
is still standing, and has been used almost con- 
tinually, in later years, as a boarding-school. In 
1809 a lot of land on Grove Street was donated 
by William E. Hopkins, on which a school-house 
was built and named " The Grove School-House." 
It was the public school-house from that time 
until 1854, when the Town Hall was built and 
rooms fitted up for school purposes ; since then it 
has been used for primary schools, and is now 
used for colored children. The public schools 
were taught in the Town Hall from 1854 until the 
completion of the present commodious stone edifice, 
in 1869, and were for a few years under the charge 
of Miss Sarah C. Hillman. 

The Hicksite Friends, in 1851, erected a school- 
house upon their lot, in which school was kept a 
number of years. 

Mrs. Charlotte and Emily Hendry taught a 
private school in the town from 1838 to 1848. 

Miss C. Sarah Hillman for several years after her 
retirement from the public schools, in 1869, taught 
school in a building she erected for the purpose, 
on Chestnut Street, and which now belongs to the 
G. A. R. Post. 

There being a demand for increased school ac- 
commodation, the town purchased of William 
Coffin, in 1868, a lot of land on Haddon Avenue 
from Chestnut Street to Railroad Avenue, and in 
1869 erected a two-story stone edifice, sixty by 
seventy-five feet, under charge of Elwood Braddock 
and William M. Hoopes. The entire cost, includ- 
ing lot and furniture, was about twenty-two thou- 
sand dollars. Later, on the south part of the lot, a 
brick building, thirty by fifty feet, two stories in 
height, was built for primary classes, at a cost of 
three thousand five hundred dollars. 

The public schools of the town were, in 1885, 
under charge of Arthur Pressey as principal. The 
following are the teachers engaged for the school 
year commencing on Monday, September 6, 1886: 
Principal, Mr. S. E. Manness; Vice-Principal, Miss 
Emma W. Middleton ; Miss Sarah A. Wells, Miss 
Ella H. Schwab. Primary Department-— Miss 
Ella McElroy and Miss Mary B. Redman, and at 
the Grove (colored) School, Mr. John Jackson has 
been re-engaged. 

Mancfacturing axd Business Interests. — 
A lumber business was established on Potter Street, 
June 3, 1841, by Benjamin M. Roberts, who, in 
September, 1843, sold to Charles H. Shinn, who also 
bought the coal business of John Busby at Coles 
Lauding. Samuel S. Willits, about 1854, pur- 



chased the lumber interests of Charles H. Shinn, 
and moved the business from Potter Street, to the 
corner formed by Euclid Avenue and the turnpike, 
and shortly after associated himself with S. P. 
Browning, under the name of Willits & Browning. 
Mr. Browning retired in 1S62, and Mr. Willits con- 
tinued until 1866, when he died and the business 
was sold to his son, S. A. Willits, and Joseph G. 
Evans. From this time till 1876 several changes 
were made in the firm, Mr. Willits being contin- 
uously a member, and in 1876 the co-partnership 
of S. A. Willits & Co. was formed. This enter- 
prising firm now does a large business in the sale 
of lumber, coal and hardware. 

The Haddonfield Paint Works were establi-shed 
on the present site, in 1877, by John G. Willits & 
Co., and continued lor a time and pa.ssed to others. 
In September, 1881, it came to A. W. Wright & 
Co., who purchased the interests and are now en- 
gaged in the manufacture of lead, zinc, colors and 
varnishes, and a successful business is done. 

The carriage shops of Geo. H. Tule, situated on 
Turnpike and Mechanic Streets, were established 
in 1880, when a two and a half story building was 
erected, thirty by sixty feet, and sheds, thirty by 
forty feet, and the manufacture of heavy and light 
wagons and buggies was begun. About fourteen 
men are steadily employed in all the departments. 
The first to establish business at the place was 
Joseph Bates. In 1846 he began business in the 
old Thackara blacksmith shop, which stood on the 
site of the Methodist Church, and continued there 
until the sale of the lot to the Methodist Society, in 
1856, when the shop was moved across the street 
on property now owned by Mr. Mitchell, where he 
continued until the building was destroyed by fire, 
January 17, 1850. In the spring of that year 
Mickle Clement erected the one-story brick shop 
now part of Tule's establishment, and Joseph Bates 
moved to the place and carried on a blacksmithshop 
until his retirement. George H. Tule, the pres- 
ent proprietor, entered the shop of Mr. Bates as an 
apprentice in 1861, and in 1880 purchased the busi- 
ness and increased it to the present state. 

Charles M. Haines began the carriage-making 
business in Haddonfield in the spring of 1884. 

The blacksmith shop now conducted by Samuel 
K. Matlack at the point at Ellis and Potter Streets 
was in 1846 owned by Wm. Tomlinson, formerly 
by John S. Peak. 

The business interests of Haddonfield at present 
are as follows : 

General Dealers. — Clement & Gifiin, B. F. 
Fowler. 



632 



HISTORY OF CAMUKN COUiNTV, NEW JERSP]Y. 



Grocers. — Truitt & Clement, Tliomas Young, W. 
H. Harrison, W. S. Doughty. 

Confectioners. — Mrs. J. J. Sehlecht, Geo. Still- 
well, Wm. Plum. 

Hotel. — George Stillwell. 

Lumber and Coal Dealers. — S. A. Willits & Co. 

Bakery and Confectionery. — Martin Schlecht. 

Flour and />frf.— Truitt & Kay. 

Physicians.—G. H. Shivers, B. H. Shivers, W. S. 
Long, L. L. Glover, F. Williams. 

Printing Office.^. — South Jersey News, H. D. 
Speakman. 

Florists. — C. W. Turnley, Brown. 

Newsdealer. — Mrs. E. D. Lettellier. 

Carriage- Builders. — Geo. H. Tule, C. W. Haines, 
James G. Webster. 

Hardware. — Charles S. Braddock, J. J. Petti- 
bone & Son, H. Bennett. 

Vndertal-ers. — R. Cooper Watson, Chas. Githens, 
Samuel Burroughs. 

Agricultural Implements and Coal. — Bell Brothers. 

Auction Ooods. — Wm. H. Clement. 

Dentist— X. H. Miner. 

Livery. — Benjamin P. Shreve. 

Dealers in Horses. — C. H. Smith, Geo. D. Stewart. 

Harness Shop. — Isaac Vandegraff. 

Paints and Colors. — W. W. Wright. 

Paper Hangings. — Samuel R. Stoy, Walter W. 
Wayne. 

Drug Stores.— 'Rohmd Willard, Charles S. Brad- 
doek, Jr. 

Meat Markets. — Samuel Albertson, Alfred Lud- 
low. 

Barbers. — Coward Bros., Westcott. 

Painter. — Lancelot Hill. 

Masons.— 'EiwooA Braddock, Frederick Thomas, 
R. W. Budd. 

Contractors and Builders. — W. S. Caperon, W. 
H. Hoopes, Henry Albright, Caldwell Baker, 
Thomas Hill, William Bowker. 

Surveyors and Conveyancers. — John Clement, J. 
Lewis Rowand. 

Jewelry Box Manufacturers. — Julius Smith. 

Milk Dealers. — Mrs. Mary Craig, Patrick Haug- 
hey. 

Millinery. — Misses Stout. 

Boots and Shoes. — W. H. Fowler. 

Boot and hhoe Makers. — R. Elmer Clement, John 
S. Garrett, Ralph H. Barton, Peter Hudon. 

Cigar Store. — Chas. Reinear. 

Post- Office. —T\iomiiS Hill. 

Express. Atkinson. 

Telephone Office. — Willard's drug store. 

Elwood Braddock is a descendant of a long- 
settled New Jersey family — a branch of that to 



which belonged the distinguished General Brad- 
dock. Edward Braddock was a major-general in 
the British army in 1709, and retired in 1715, 
having been altogether forty years in the service. 
He died at Bath, England, June 15, 1725. His 
son, Edward Braddock, was also a major-general 
in the British army, was in command of the Eng- 
lish forces in the French and Indian War at 
Braddock's Field (now the village of Braddocks, a 
suburb of Pittsburgh,) where he was so severely 
wounded that he died a few days later, July 12, 
1755, and was buried by the side of the road on 
the retreat to Philadelphia. About this time a 
branch of the family, of which Rehoboam and 
Jemima Braddock were the great-grandparents of 
our subject, came to America and settled in Bur- 
lington County, N. J. Their children were Job, 
Elizabeth, Bathsheba, Hannah, Darnell, Phebe, 
William, Jemima, Mary and Rachel. Many of 
their descendants now live in Burlington County. 
Darnell Braddock, born 1764, and his wife, Sarah, 
were Elwood Braddock's grandparents. They 
had ten children, — William Rodgers, Martha, Je- 
mima, Eliza, Benjamin, Reuben, Asa, Hester Ann, 
Sarah and Darnell, the eldest of whom, born in 
1799, with Sarah, his wife, were the parents of Car- 
oline, Charles S., Elwood, William Shreve, Abbie, 
Elizabeth and Lsaac A. Braddock. 

Briefly reverting to this line of ancestry, it may 
be mentioned that Rehoboam Braddock, the great- 
grandfather of Elwood, was noted for his wonder- 
ful strength. His son Darnell died quite young, 
but, as we have seen, left a large family. William 
R., the eldest son, was a powerful man physically, 
and story after story is related of his prowess in 
keeping the peace in the olden time. He was a 
justice for about thirty years in Medford, Burling- 
ton County, and ordered the last man (a negro), 
convicted under the old law, to be given thirty- 
nine lashes. He was a staunch Old-Line Whig, 
and was elected to the Legislature in 1848 for a 
term of three years. He was for half a century a 
prominent surveyor in Burlington County and also 
in the counties of Camden, Ocean and Atlantic. 
In 1850 he called attention to what might be done 
in growing cranberries in New Jersey, by planting 
the Sorden meadow, in the old Indian reservation at 
Shamong, which his neighbors called " Braddock's 
Folly," and which still bears fruit. Upon this 
land, prior to 1850 utterly unremunerative, the 
crop of cranberries was an exceedingly large one 
in 1885. 

Elwood Braddock, the second son of William R., 
was born December 23, 1829, at Medford, N. J., 
and at the age of sixteen years was apprenticed to 




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tt^F •©'^ 






WyuWM^^^^^"^^ 



THE BOROUGH OF HADDONFIEI.I). 



633 



the trade of a mason and builder with Isaac A. 
Shreve, at Burlington, and helped to build St. 
Mary's Hall and Burlington College, under Bishop 
Doane, of the Episcopal Church, and while still 
an apprentice assisted in building the very first 
houses in Beverly. After he became of age he 
started for New York City with some funds in his 
possession, but on arriving there found that he had 
been robbed and that he had only a shilling in his 
pocket, which had escaped the nimble fingers of 
the thief. He soon found work, prospered at his 
trade, had a hand in building up Brooklyn and 
Williamsburg and remained in the vicinity two 
years. He then, in 1852, decided to go to Atlan- 
tic City, which had just then started, and he there 
helped to build several fine hotels and other edi- 
fices, among them the Ashland House. In 1855 
he removed to Davenport, la., but after about a 
year spent in the West concluded to return to his 
native State. Soon afterwards he married Rachel 
W. (Ceilings) Shreve, widow of Benjamin P. 
Shreve, of Medford, and settled in Haddonfield, 
where they continue to reside. Both he and Mrs. 
Braddocb are members of the Baptist Church. 

Mr. Braddock is still engaged in building opera- 
tions, having built both of the school-houses in 
Haddonfield ; built by contract the stone and ma- 
son-work for the Baptist Church and erected many 
other buildings ; has been a director of the Had- 
donfield Building Association for thirteen years ; 
is still engaged in cranberry growing in Burlington 
and Atlantic Counties, where he owns large mead- 
ows. He is a good mathematician and thorough 
Latin scholar; has attained these and other ac- 
quirements unaided and under many disadvantages, 
and is known as an active, enterprising and wholly 
trustworthy man. 

Of Mr. Braddock's brothers and sisters it is [pro- 
per to add a few words. Charles S. settled in Had- 
donfield in 1853, establishing the drug business 
and continuing in the same for twenty-five years ; 
now a hardware merchant of Haddonfield ; mar- 
ried Ann (Zane) Collings, sister of Eachel W. ; 
they were of a very old New Jersey family. Car- 
oline married a Mr. Bridge and lives in the State 
of Delaware. William Shreve, who resides in 
Waterford and owns and operates the Bates saw- 
mill, married Rachel Borton. Abbie Braddock 
married Mr. George Rhoads and lives near West- 
town, her sister Elizabeth residing with her. 
Isaac A., a druggist of Haddonfield (successor to 
Charles S., his brother), the youngest of the fam- 
ily, married Anna Collings, of Camden, and is a 
man of great enterprise. 

Samuel S. Hillman is a descendant of John 



Hillnian, who came to America in ll)97, and set- 
tled in Gloucester (now Centre) township. Daniel 
Hillman, the grandfather of Samuel, was married 
to Martha, daughter of Isaac Ellis, of Ellisburg, 
by whom he had ten children, — Daniel, Jacob, 
Jonathan, John, Simeon, Abel, Isaac, Hannah 
(married to John Ware), Martha (married to Sam- 
uel Brown) and Mary (married to Jacob Wolla- 
hom). 

Daniel resided at Ellisburg, and was a wheel- 
wright by trade. He married Hester, daughter of 
Samuel and Hope Stokes, who resided near Had- 
donfield, by whom he had eight children, — Samuel 
S., Daniel E., Aquilla, Alfred, Albert, Daniel, 
Charles and Mary Ann. 

Samuel S. Hillman was born at Ellisburg, Aug- 
ust 18, 1816. He remained upon the farm with 
his father till he was fifteen years old, when he 
went to Philadelphia and entered the dry-goods 
house of Jacob Jones, where he remained till of 
age. He then came to Haddonfield, opened a store, 
conducted it successfully for fifteen years and then 
sold out to A. T. Paul & Brother. He has since 
been retired from active business. 

On March 12, 1840, he was married to Rebecca, 
daughter of John and Rebecca Ford, of Pauls- 
borough, Gloucester County, N. J. Their chil- 
dren are John F., who is married to Kate, daughter 
of Joseph R. and Emma Sorver, by whom he 
had three children,— J. Herbert, Robert (de- 
ceased) and Heslen. John F. is a member of the 
firm of Wanamaker & Brown, of Philadelphia, 
Benjamin R. is married to Lizzie C. Andrews, 
daughterof George and Julia Andrews, of Newark, 
N. J., by whom he has two children,— Agnes and 
Reamer. Benjamin R. is employed with John 
Wanamaker during the past fifteen years. Charles 
H. married Jennie, daughter of Col. Jesse E. and 
Mrs. Jane Peyton, of Haddonfield. Charles H. is 
a member of the firm of King, Hillman & Gill, 
manufacturers of cottons, etc., Philadelphia; and 
Clara R., who is at home. Samuel S. Hillman is a 
member of the Society of Friends. In politics he 
is a Republican. He has been elected surveyor of 
highways, and is a director in Haddonfield Build- 
ing and Loan Association, and takes great interest 
in the improvement and progress of the town in 
which he resides. 

Mrs. Hillman died March 12, 1886, upon the 
forty-sixth anniversary of her marriage. She was 
a woman of noble virtues, universally loved and 
respected. 

SociETIKS. — Haddonfield Lodge, No. 130, F. and 
A. M., was chartered January 18, 1872, and was con- 
stituted Februarv 10, 1872, in Wilkins' Hall, at Had- 



634 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



donfield, with fourteen charter members, inchiding 
the officers. The meetings were held in the hall 
until November 23, 1877, when the lodge was 
moved to the hall in the New Jersey Building. 
On the 24th of October, 1882, a change was again 
made and meetings were held until February 13, 
1883, in Granger's Hall, from where they moved 
to Clement's Hall. The new Masonic Hall was 
built in 1883, and on the 11th of March, 1884, the 
lodge held their first meeting in the new quarters. 
On the evening of the opening ceremonies the 
Worthy Master, Charles H. Mann, presented the 
lodge with the furniture, except the carpet and 
seats. The lodge is at present in a flourishing 
condition, with ninety-six members. 

The present officers are Frederick Sutton, W. 
M. ; Carrington W. Taylor, S. W. ; Benjamin F. 
Fowler, J. W. ; Edward S. Huston, treasurer; 
Henry D. Moore, P. M., secretary ; Eev. Gustavus 
M. Murray, P. M., chaplain ; Samuel Browne, 
S. D. ; Abram P. Vandegrift, J. D. ; Julius P. 
Graf, S. M. C. ; Rowland Willard, J. M. C. ; Wil- 
liam S. Hart and R. Wilkins Budd, Stewards; 
Louis H.Hall, Organist ; Richard E. Elwell, Tiler. 
Past Masters, N. B. Jennings, M.D. (deceased), 
Edward W. Reeve (deceased), John S. Stratford, 
John W. Svvinker (deceased), J. Morris Roberts, 
Henry D. Moore, William D. Cobb, Rev. G. M. 
Murray, James S. Da Costa, C. H. Shivers, M.D., 
Charles H. Mann, James A. Webb. 

During the early part of 1883 the matter of 
erecting a Masonic building was discussed and 
culminated in the formation of a Masonic Hall 
Association, and on May 13, 1884, the building 
being finished, was dedicated with impressive 
Masonic ceremonies by M. W. Henry Verbiage, 
Grand Master of the jurisdiction of New Jersey, 
assisted by nearly all the Grand Officers of the 
Grand Lodge. The ceremonies took place in the 
new hall at three o'clock, p. m., after which the 
Grand Officers, invited guests, including the Hon. 
Leon Abbett, Governor of New Jersey, and mem- 
bers of Haddonfield Lodge, in number about two 
hundred, repaired to the New Jersey Building and 
partook of a banquet. 

Morning Star Lodge, No. 70, I. 0. 0. F., was 
instituted February 3, 1848, with the following 
officers: John K. Roberts, N. G. ; Jacob P. Thorn- 
ton, V. G. ; Nathan Conrad, S. ; Joseph L. Shivers, 
A. S. ; Silas McVaugh, treasurer. Meetings have 
been held from the date of the organization to the 
present time in Odd-Fellows' Hall, on Main Street. 
The lodge hiis a membership of sixty-three. The 
present Noble Grand is Edwin R. Claggett. The 
following is a list of the Past Grands from the 



organization to the present time : John K. Roberts, 
Urias Shinn, Clayton Hollinshead, Charles F. 
Redman, Elijah E. West, William McKnight, 
John Stoy, Joseph H. Fowler, William Conard, 
Samuel D. Proud, Aaron Clark, John A. Swinker. 
The Evening Star Encampment, No. 39, /. 0. 
0. F., obtained its charter November 16, 1869. 
The place of meeting since the time of organiza- 
tion has been in Odd-Fellows' Hall. The present 
Chief Patriarch is Edwin R. Claggett. 

Haddon Lodge, No. 12, K. of P., was instituted 
April 20, 1868, with the following charter mem- 
bers : Charles E. Redman, William Plum, Charles 
Lovett, Samuel S. Tomlinson, W. S. Wilmot, Ren- 
nels Fowler, David M. Southard, Thomas Eldridge 
and Joseph C. Stackhouse. Meetings were held 
for one year in Odd-Fellows' Hall, about one year 
in a room over Fowler's store, at the end of which 
term the lodge was removed to the present rooms, 
fitted up in the upper story of Clement & Giffin's 
store. The society has sixty members and George 
B. Stewart is Chancellor Commander. 

Local Branch, No. 67, Order of Iron Hall, was 
organized May 6, 1882, with twenty one charter 
members. Meetings are held in the room of the 
Thomas H. Davis Post, G. A. R. 

The Order of Chosen Friends, Perseverance Coun- 
cil, No. 8, was chartered October 4, 1882, and held 
its meetings in the hall. It has a membership of 
fifty-four. 

Cordon Lodge, No. 2, of the Ancient Order of 
United Tro/-fo«e«, was chartered September 1,1881, 
and holds its meetings in the hall of the Grand 
Army of the Republic. 

Mohican Tribe, No. 64, /. 0. of li. M., was insti- 
tuted in Haddonfield under a charter which bears 
date, in their phraseology, the 2oth Sun of the 
Hot Moon, G. S. D. 392. Meetings are held in 
Wilkins' Hall. 

Eureka Lodge, No. 2, /. 0. M., was chartered 
November 21, 1882, and holds meetings in Wil- 
kins' Hall. 

American Castle, No. 12, K. of G. E., was insti- 
tuted May 17, 1886, with fifty members. Meetings 
will be held in the Wilkins' Hall. 

John A. J. Sheets is a native of Pennsylvania 
and the descendant of a family long settled in 
Lancaster County. His father, John Sheets, was 
born there and in his youth moved to Williams- 
port, Lycoming County, where he married, at a 
later period, Catharine Emmons, of the same 
county. About the year 1818, he removed, with his 
family, to Fairfield township (Lycoming County), 
and there his son, John A. J. Sheets, the subject 
of this biography, was born on the 6th of March, 



THE BOROUGH OF HADDONFIELD. 



635 



1828. The iiitluT during his lifetime was variously 
employed as blacksmith, farmer and landlord, in 
all of which vocations he achieved success, and 
his son receiving a common school education, being 
very apt and advancing rapidly, was able at the 
age of thirteen to assume charge of his books and 
attend to many details of business. 

At the age of eighteen he was made agent for 
Messrs. Baltzell & Co., a Baltimore firm, who opera- 
ted a saw-mill on the West Branch of the Susque- 
hanna, and devoted his attention to receiving and 
forwarding the lumber by boats to Baltimore. He 
was thus engaged for several years, and in 1850 
formed the acquaintance of John F. Norcross, then 
residing in Montoursville, who was interested in a 
saw-mill located on the West Branch. Two years 
later he entered into partnership with Mr. Norcross 
in the wholesale and retail lumber business and 
establislied a lumber-yard and wharf at Kaiglins 
Point, Camden, N. J., with a branch oflice at Green 
Street wharf, Philadelphia. The Camden yard 
was continued for two years, when, at the solicita- 
tion of several large manufacturers of lumber on 
the West Branch of the Susquehanna River, they 
were induced to concentrate their business at 
Green Street wharf, Philadelphia, making it ex- 
clusively wholesale. Here they continued for sev- 
eral years, receiving meanwhile large consignments 
of timber and manufactured lumber from Penn- 
sylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia and 
Florida. In 1865 they moved from Green Street 
to Fairmount Avenue wliarf, where they continued 
successfully until 1875, when Mr. Norcross retired 



from the lirm, as a result of declining health. At 
the period of dissolution the firm of Norcross it 
Sheets was the oldest firm in the wholesale lumber 
and commission business without change of firm- 
name, in the city of Philadelphia. Mr. Sheets has 
since that time continued the business alone. 
John A. J. Sheets was married, in 1854, to Rachel 
T., daughter of Samuel A. Cook, of Camden 
County, and niece of his former partner's wife. 
Their children are Catharine E. (wife of George 
A. Howes, who entered the employ of the house 
when quite a youth, and for the past few years has 
had charge of Mr. Sheets' business at Fairmount 
Avenue wharf), Caroline E., John (married to Em- 
ma, daughter of the late B. B. Thomas), graduated 
from the Medical Department of the University of 
Pennsylvania in the spring of 1880, spent a year 
in one of the largest hospitals in Germany, also 
visiting those in London and Paris, and is 
now a practicing physician and a specialist in 
diseases of the throat, nose and ear, at 1324 Spring 
Garden Street, Philadelphia ; Samuel A., Mary C, 
Robert A., Susan McVey and Harriet L. Mr. Sheets 
resided in Philadelphia and Camden until 18(52, 
when he removed to a farm on the White Horse 
road, four miles from Camden and remained twelve 
years. He then built and removed to his present 
home at the west end of Haddontield. A Repub- 
lican in politics, Mr. Sheets has served as borough 
commissioner of Haddonfield, but has never been 
an active politician. He is a director of the First 
National Bank of Camden and of the Haddonfield 
Mutual Loan and Building A.ssociation. 



THE TOWNSHIP OF HADDON. 



CHAPTER XII. 

Early History of Old Newton Townslup — Notes from Township 
Records — Thomas Sharp's Account of the Newton Settlement — 
Old Newton Friends Meeting — Sohools — Cauiden and Philadelphia 
Kace Course — Colli ngswood — Westmount. 

The old township of Newton, the centre of 
which is the present township of Haddon, was 
erected in the same year the counties of Burling- 
ton and Salem were formed, at which time (May, 
1682) Burlington and Salem were the only towns 
in West Jersey. There was surveyed to Francis 
Collins, October 23d following, a tract of land ly- 
ing partly in and south of what is now Haddon- 
field, which was described as being " situate in 
Newton Township." The settlers who resided on 
the creek now known as Newton, named the creek, 
the town they built, the Friends' Meetiug-house 
and ground and the township " Newton," which 
name continued as long as they were in existence, 
and of which only the creek remains. The bound- 
aries of this township were not closely defined 
until several years later, and, on the 1st of June, 
1695, the grand jury returned the boundaries of 
the townships of Gloucester County, under an act 
of Assembly of 1694, for dividing counties into 
townships. This return declares that " from ye 
lowermost branch of Coopers Creek to ye south- 
erly branch of Newton Creek, bordering Glouces- 
ter, shall be another constablewick or township." 
This was called Newton township, and Jeremiah 
Bates was appointed constable and William Bates 
and Thomas Sharp for regulating highways. Offi- 
cers were appointed, but no effort was made to 
keep township records until 1723, when Thomas 
Sharp was instructed to buy a book for that pur- 
pose. 

No change was made in the limits of Newton 
township from the time of its erection until No- 
636 



vember 28, 1831, one hundred and forty-nine years 
after, when, by an act of the Legislature, the city 
of Camden (having been erected as a city Febru- 
ary 23, 1828, within the township of Newton) was 
established as a separate township. The territory 
taken from Newton by this act lay between Coop- 
ers Creek and Kaighns Run. The township of 
Newton, for over one hundred and fifty years, had 
two voting places, one at Newton and one at Had- 
donfield, when, on February 23, 1865, by an act of 
the Legislature, the eastern part of Newton was 
organized into a separate township and named 
the township of Haddon. The western part of 
Newton township retained its name and corporate 
powers until five years later, when, by legislative 
enactment, February 14, 1871, the old township of 
Newton was annexed to the city of Camden, and 
as a civil organization ceased to exist and has 
since been known only to history. 

Camden soon after was again sub-divided into 
wards, and the remnants of old Newton became 
the Eighth Ward of that city. Six years later, 
April 5, 1878, the northern portion of the Eighth 
Ward was annexed to Haddon township and so 
remains. In 1870 the township, as it then existed, 
contained a population of eight thousand four hun- 
dred and thirty-seven and had within its limits 
thirty-five industrial establishments. 

The first settlers within the territory of Newton, 
soon after their arrival took an important part in 
the provincial government of West Jersey, and on 
the 2d of May, 1682, only three months after their 
settlement, William Cooper, Mark Newbie, Henry 
Stacy, Francis Collins, Samuel Coles, Thomas 
Howell and William Bates were chosen to re- 
present the Third or Irish Tenth (of which New- 
ton formed a part) in the Legislature of New 
Jersey, which body then met at Burlington. The 
persons chosen, with the exception of Samuel 



THE TOWNSHIP OF HaDDON. 



037 



Coles and Thomas Howell, were residents <>( New- 
ton township. Samuel (Joles resided at the mouth 
of Coopers Creek, in what is now Stockton town- 
ship, and Thomas Howell in what is now Dela- 
ware township. The Third or Irish Tenth in- 
cluded all the territory now embraced in Camden 
County, extending from Pensaukin Creek to Tim- 
ber Creek. The Fourth Tenth extended from 
Timber Creek to Oldman theek, and what is 
now Gloucester County, although more thickly 
settled, had no representation then in the Legis- 
lature, as most of its inhabitants were Swedes. 

Notes from Newton TowNstrip Kecords. 
— From l(i82 to the year 1728 no record of tiie 
proceedings of the people in their corporate capa- 
city was kept. Thouuis Sharp, in 1723, was ap- 
pointed township clerk and ordered to purchase a 
record-book for the use of the township. 

The records as contained in this book were 
begun on the 12th day of First Month (January) 
1723, and were closed March 14, 1821. The lirst 
town-meeting of which record was made was 
held at Newton March 12, 1723, when Joseph 
Cooper and John Gill were chosen overseers of the 
poor and Thomas Sharp, clerk. At the next meet- 
ing, March !•, 172-1, Joseph Cooper and Thomas 
Sharp were chosen freeholders ; John Eastlack and 
.Tohn Gill, overseers of the poor ; Joseph Cooper, 
Jr., assessor; William Cooper, collector; Jai'ob 
Medcalf, Samuel Shivers, Joseph Kaighn and 
Thomas Dennis, commissioners of highways. 

At thi.s meeting it was " agreed y' Jonatlian 
Bolton Give some Hay and Corn to Ann Morrises 
horse, in order to make him capable to carry her 
to y" place from whence she came, and y' she stay 
here but untill the seventeenth <lay of this instant, 
and after that the Overseers of the Poor ftbrce her 
away. If she refuse to go and y' wha't charge is 
expended in y' perfecting of it shall be allowed by 
this Meeting. What remains in the hands of John 
Gill off the poor tax, as y' case is stated, amounts 
lo the sum off fiive pound, ffive shillings and ffive 
pence." 

For many years a list of the officers appointed 
had to be laid before the Courtof (Quarter Sessions, 
then held at Gloucester for approval. An in- 
teresting feature of the old records is the many 
names of the original families of the township, the 
descendants of some of whom now reside in it. 
Many of the early settlers whose names ajipear on 
record have now no descendants living within 
tlie limits of Camden Counly. The small amount 
of la.\ ccdlected contrasts strongly with the amount 
ncnv collected from the inhabitants of the same 
territory. In 1733 the assessor was directed to cx- 



teml his asscssmcnl to the mills, taverns and 
ferries in the towiislii|i. Sarali Norris' shop was 
taxed twenty shillings, and (he mill of .(olm Kay, 
ten shillings. 

In 1737 the town-meeting was more specific, and 
named the mills, shoiis, taverns and ferries. On 
March Sth, in that year, Timothy Matlack was 
assessed ten shillings ; Sarah Norris, lis. 8rf. ,■ they 
each kept at that time a shop in Haddonfield. 
October 24th Isaac Kay's mill was assessed ten 
shillings, (it stood on the south branch of 
Coopers Creek, in what is now lladdon township, 
opposite the Joseph (f. Evans mill, near Haddon- 
field) ; John Breach, eight shillings, fulling-mill 
located on the middle branch of Newton Creek; 
Sarah Norris' shop, 6<. Si/., on site of Aaron C. 
Clement's residence, in Haddonfield; Thomas 
Perrywebb's blacksniith-shop, ten shillings, on the 
site of Alfred W. Clement's .store, on Main Street, 
in Haddonfield; Humphrey Day's ferry and tav- 
ern, twenty shillings. 

In 1749 there was assessed Isaac Kay's mill, 
Thomas Redman's drug-store, Mathias Aspden's 
store, all at Haddonfield; John Breach's fulling- 
mill, Jacob Albertson's grist-mill and Daniel and 
Benjamin Cooper, as o|)ernting ferries at the site 
of Camdeu, and in this year boats and Hals were 
taxed. 

In nM .losiah Harvey was assessed with a 
fulling-mill, probably .lolm Breach's, as his name 
does not appear for the same year; Thomas Red- 
man, Mathias Aspden and Thomas Chaini)ion were 
store-keepers ; Kay's and Albertson's mills were 
still in operation ; and Hugh Creighton was oper- 
ating a fulling-mill. 

In 1770 the Legislature pa.ssed an act to prevent 
swine froi\i running at large in the streets of Had- 
dimfield. This act docs not appear to have been 
very popular, as at the town-meeting of 1775, by 
a majority of two, a resolution was passed not to 
enforce the law in the future. 

The town-meetings were held generally in the 
old Newton Friends' Meeting-honse until the ercc- 
tion of the meeting-house at Haddonfield, in 
1721, at which place it was held until I7S7. At 
the meeting in March, 1787, a resolution was 
passed that the next annual town-meeting be held 
at the school-house (which was built on the 
Friends' Jleeting-house lot) in Haddonfield. 

Elections were held at the Newton Friends' 
Meeting-house and at other places in the town- 
ship. In the earlier years elections were con- 
ducted by the sheriff' of the county, who carried 
the box from place to place, where designated, and 
received the votes. An incident in this coniiec- 



638 



HISTORY OF CA:\IDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



tion is given, which shows the law and custom 
governing the election, — 

" Upon the meeting of the Legislature in 1716, 
Daniel <'oxe was returned as member of the State 
Assembly in place of Johp Kay, and was chosen 
Speaker. The proceedings of that body, however, 
show in what way this occurred, for William Har- 
rison, sherift' of Gloucester County, was arrested 
and brought to the bar of the House, by the Ser- 
geant-at-arms, and reprimanded for 'adjourning the 
election poll from the great field' near.Iohn Kay's 
house to William Cooper's, several miles distant, 
without the consent of the candidates, w-hich was 
contrary to the law. By this transaction, the de- 
feat of John Kay was brought about, which led to 
the censure of the chief executive of the county. 
"John Kay, at that time, resided at the corn- 
mill, and the 'great field ' was part of John Had- 
don's estate, bounded by the King's Road and part 
of the village of Haddonfield." 

The town liouse of Newton was built at Had- 
donfield in the summer of 1854, since which elec- 
tions have been held in that building. 

The Newton Colony's Settlement. — The 
causes of the settlement of West Jersey and the 
action of the proprietaries in reference to the di- 
vision of the territory, are given in the first part of 
this book. By this division, the j)roprietors, on 
the 14th of January, 1681,' set off a tract of land 
along the Delaware River, which extended from 
the river eastward, between the Pensaukiu Creek 
and the Timber Creek, " so far into the woods as 
to embrace sixty-four thousand acres.'" 

This tract was designated by the proprietors as 
a place of settlement for a company of immigrants 
from Dublin, Ireland, and was luimed the Third 
or Irish Tenth. 

It will be noticed in tlie early liistory of Glou- 
cester City (found elsewhere iu this book) that as 
early as 1677 attention wiis drawn to this section 
of country by the London commissioners, who 
were strongly inclined to settle at what is now 
Gloucester City. They were persuaded to locate 
at Burlington, but still determined to advocate 
the selection of this locality as a good place for 
settlement. Robert Zane, of Dublin, who proba- 
bly came over in the ship with John P'euwick, was 
in Salem as early as 1675, as he was one of the 
founders of the Friends' Meeting established at 

1 The ilate liere given is in the old style, and in accordance with 
the piDsent calendar the date is January 14, 1082, as the year ICSl 
did not end until March S.'ith. 

- The eaat line of this tract was not definitely settled until 170."., 
when Samuel Clement ran the head-lines of the old luwiishipB of 
Gloucester County, wliicli eventually became the boundary line of 
Atlantic, Camden and Gloucester Counties. 



that place in the year named. He does not ap- 
pear, in the first few years after his arrival, to have 
attempted to make a permanent location, but was 
evidently examining the country with a view to 
finding a site for himself and others who were still 
in Dublin. Soon after the arrival of the London 
and Yorkshire commissioners they described to 
him the locality and their favorable impressions of 
the region of country along the river. It is evi- 
dent that a company was formed for the purpose 
of emigration before he left his native land, as on 
the 12th of April, 1677, a deed for one whole share 
of jiropriety was made out by Edward Byllynge 
and his trustees to Robert Turner, linen draper, 
of Dublin ; Robert Zane, serge-maker, of Dublin ; 
Thomas Thackara, stuff weaver, of Dublin ; Wm. 
Bates, carpenter, of the county Wicklow, and Jo- 
seph Slight, tanner, of Dublin. In the course of 
a few years .loseph Slight disposed of his interest 
to Anthony Sharp, Mark Newbie and others. 

Thomas Sharp, a nephew of Anthony Sharp, 
came to this country to settle and to act as agent 
for his uncle in locating lands. He was asurveyor, 
and was the first clerk of the county of (tloucester. 
He wrote several accounts of the first settlers, one 
of which is as follows : 

" Let it be remembered, it having wrought njion 
ye minds of some friends that dwelt in Ireland, 
but such as formerly came thither from England ; 
and a pressure having laid upon them for some 
years, which they could not gett from the weight 
of until they gave upp to leave their friends and 
relations there, together with a comfortable sub- 
sistence, to transport themselves and family into 
this wilderness part of America, and thereby ex- 
l)ose themselves to difficulties, which, if they could 
have been easy where they were, iu all probability 
might never have been met with ; and in order 
thereunto sent from Dublin in Ireland to one 
Thomas Lurten, a friend in London, commander of 
a pink, who accordingly came, and made an agree- 
ment with him to transport them and their fam- 
elysinto New Jersey, viz.: Mark Newbie andfam- 
ely, Thomas Thackara and famely, William Bates 
and famely, George Goldsmith, an old man, and 
Thomas Sharp, a young man, but no famelys, and 
whilst the ship abode in the Dtiblin Harbor, pro- 
viding for the voyage, said Thomas Lurten was 
taken so ill that he could not perform ye same, so 
that his mate, John Dagger, undertook it. And 
upon the Nineteenth day of September, in the 
year of our Lord 1681, we settsaile from the place 
aforesaid, and through thegood providence of God 
towards us, we arrived at Elsinburg in the county 
of Salem upon the lllth day of November follow- 




Jli^^ 






S123',^«^- 



^^ei^ « m ^ 



Copy of Thomas Sharp's Map, made A. L>. 1700, and 
showicg the owners' namfee at that time, now iiuvhided 
in Camden City, Haddon and Delaware Townships. 



THE TOWNSHIP OP HADDON. 



C39 



ing, where we were well entertained at tin.' houses 
(if the Thompsons, who came from Irelan<l al)out 
four years before, who, by their industry, were ar- 
rived at a very good degree of living, and from 
thence we went to Salem, where were several 
houses yt were vacant of persons, who had left 
the town to settle in ye country, which served to 
accommodate them for ye winter, and having thus 
settled down their famelys, and the winter proving 
Mioderate, we at Wickacoa among us purchased a 
lioate of the Swansons and so we went to Burling- 
ton to the (■(juiniissioners, of wlioni we obtjiined a 
wanant ol' ye surveyor-general, wliicli then was 
1 laniel Leeds ; and after some considerable search 
to and fro in wliat then was called the Third or 
Irish Tenth, we at last ]iilched upon the plai-e 
now called Newton, which was before the settle- 
ment of Philadclidiia. and then applied to s'' sur- 
veyor who came and laid it out for us and the next 
spring, being the beginning of the year l(i82, we 
all removed from Salem together with Robert Zane, 
that had l)een settled there, who came along from 
Ireland with the Thompsons before hinted, and 
having expectation of our coming, only bought a 
lott in Salem Town, u]ion the which he seated 
liiiiisclf untell our i-uiiiiiii;;, whose |iropriefary 
right and ours lieing of the same nature, could 
not then take it in Fciiwick's Tenth, and so be- 
gan our settlement, and a!thou)j;li wi' were at 
times pretty hard bestead, having all our provis- 
ions as far as Salem to fetch by water, yett, 
thr(jugh the mercy and kindness of ( iod, we were 
ineservcd in lu-altb, ami from the extreme ditll- 
ciilties. 

"And immediately there was a meeting sett up 
and kept at the house of Mark Newbie and in a 
short time itgrew and increased unto which Wil- 
liam Cooper ami fiiraely that lived at Poynte re- 
sorted, and sometimes the meeting was kept at his 
liouse, who had been settled some time before. Zeal 
and fervency of spirit was what, in some degree, 
at that time abounded among Friends in com- 
memoration of our prosperous success and emi- 
nent preservittion, boatli in our coming over the 
great deep, as allso that wli.-r.-as «<■ were but 
few at that time and the Indians many, whereby 
itt putt a dread upon our spirits considering they 
were a savage [leople, but ye Lord who hath the 
hearts of all in his hands, turned them so as to be 
serviceable to ns and very loving and kindi-, which 
cannot be otherwise accounted for. And that the 
rising generation nuiy considerthal the seltlemcnl 
of this country was directed upon an impulse by 
the spirits of God's people not so much for their 
care and tranquillity, but rather for the poster- 



ity yt should be after and that the wilderness 
being planted with a i;ood seed might grow and 
increase to the satisfaction of the good husband- 
man. But instead thereof, if for wheat it should 
bring forth trees, the cud of the good husbandman 
will be frustrate and they themselves will sutler 
loss. This narrative I have thought good ami 
requisite to leave behind, as having had knowl- 
edge of things from the beginning." 

Another account Thomas Sharp wrote in Hook 
A, page 9S, of Gloucester County deeds in the 
office of the Secretary of State at 'I'renton. Af- 
ter reciting the facts nearly as given abovi', he 
continues, — 

" The Surveyor-General was inst ructed to survey 
unto every one of us so much land as by ye consti- 
tution at yt time was allotted for a settlement 
being live hundred .acres, or ytwe bad a right to for 
a taking it up nndi'r. which wc nc<-ordingly ob- 
tained. At which time also llobcrl i-mie, who 
came from ye city of Dublin and had been settled 
in Salem four years before, Joiiu'd in with ns who 
had aright to a tenth, Mark Newbie to a twentieth, 
Thomas Thackara to a twentieth, Thomas Sharp 
(out of his uncle Anthony Sharp's right) a twen- 
tieth and George Goldsmith (under ye notion of 
Thomas Starkey's right) a tenth, all which of ns 
excepting William Bates, who took his on ye 
southerlyside of Newton CIreek — we took our land 
in (me tract together for one thousand seven hun- 
dred and fifty acres, bounding in ye forks of 
Newton Creek and so over to Coopers Creek and 
liy a line of marked trees to a small braiudi of ye 
tbrk creek and so down ye same as by ye certiticate 
of it standing upon record in ye Secretary otIJce it 
doth appear. And after sonic time, tinding some 
inconvenieucy in having our land in (-onimon 
together, being at ye time settled at ye place now 
called Newton in ye nnmner of a town, for fear as 
aforesaid, at which being removed we came to an 
agreement to divide, (teorge G(ddsmith be chosen 
fbr the head of the creek, Thomas Sharp the forks 
or lower end of the land next toward the river, by 
which means the rest kept to their settlements 
without any disadvantage to themselves. And so 
ye land was divided according to every nnin's 
right. But it is to be understood, as 1 have so 
much hint(Hl before, that by ye constitution of ye 
country at yt time, no jhtsou, let his right be 
never so great, should survey and take up above 
five hundred acres in one tract to nnike one settle- 
ment of, and yt within six nnniths or- otherwise it 
was free for any other person that had rights to 
land to survey it to him.self, as if it had never been 
taken up for any other person. Whereupon many 



640 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NP]W JERSEY. 



were obliged, in order to secure good places to 
themselves, to give oue hundred acres to secure the 
rest, and many were deterred from taking up their 
land yt could not find means to secure it, least 
they should spend money to no profit. Now ye 
state of ye case touching George Goldsmith (hav- 
ing a full and certain knowledge thereof) is this 
wise: Thomas Starkey did desire and order 
George Goldsmith to take up some land for him in 
West Jersey, where it is reasonable to suppose he 
had a right, but brought nothing with him to make 
it appear, and ye commissioners at yt time gave 
way by ye credit of the report of ye rest concerned 
that he miglit take up five hundred acres, but it 
never was returned in Starkey 's name. George 
Goldsmith being uneasy underye circumstances, he 
writ several times to Thomas Starkey giving him 
to understand he had taken up five hundred acres 
of land for him, provided he would allow him one 
hundred acres of it for settling the same, as a 
general custom then was; the letters either mis- 
carried, or otherwise the demand being ungrateful 
to him he answered them in silence. Supposing 
as it may be supposed yt ye land being taken up 
for him could not be taken from him it could not be 
allowed . . . whereupon George made application 
to Robert Turner and layeth his case before him 
signifying if he would allow him one hundred 
acres of yt land whereon he had made his improve- 
ments he would sufler him to take up yt five hun- 
dred acres in his own right. Robert taking the 
matter in due consideration and searching the 
records at Burlington about it and finding it so to 
be recorded in George Goldsmith's name, who had 
no right at any time to take up any land in yt 
province, agrees to survey it for himself, and ac- 
cordingly did, and records it as such in the Secre- 
tary's Oflice, conveys one hundred acres of ye .same 
according to agreement to George Goldsmith and 
unto his heirs and assigns forever. The other four 
hundred acres he sold unto Isaac Hollingsham. 
The foregoing is a true relation of yt settlement of 
Newton, as also a true and impartial account of 
ye foregoing tract of land settled by George Gold- 
smith. Given under mv hand the 3'' month 3'" 
1718. 

"Thomas Sharp, 
" Allowed by John Kay, the 3" month 4'" 1718." 
In addition to the tract of seventeen hundred 
and fifty acres, these persons located a tract of one 
hundred acres of meadow land at the mouth of 
Kaighns Run, on both sides of it and fronting the 
Delaware River, now in the city of Camden. This 
was done for the purpose of procuring hay for their 
cattle, and was divided into smaller tracts in 1684. 



Robert Zane, in the allotment, took a tract on the 
Delaware south to the stream and Robert Turner 
took the part south of it also on the Delaware. The 
other tracts were up the Run and were long and 
narrow, with the Run passing through each, Thomas 
Sharp adjoining Zane and Turner, and in order 
above were the lots of William Bates, Thomas 
Thackara and Hannah Newbie, the widow of 
Mark. 

It has been mentioned that William Bates lo- 
cated on the south side of the middle branch of New- 
ton Ureek. In the division of the large tract lying 
south of the middle branch, Thomas Sharp's por- 
tion lay on the main stream and up the south 
branch. Next above was Mark Newbie, Thomas 
Thackara, Robert Zane and the Robert Turm-r 
(Starkey) tract. 

William Roydon, a grocer of London, located 
the first tract of land, four hundred and fifty acres, 
at the site of Camden, September 20, IfiSl, and a 
little later William Cooper located a survey of 
three hundred acres (which bears date June 12 
1682), at Pyne I'oint (now known as Coopers 
Point), where there was a large Indian settlement 
under the chieftain Ara.sapha. Cooper came from 
Goles Hill, England, in 1678, and settled at Bur- 
lington, from which place he removed to Pyne 
Point upon tlie location of the land alxive alluded 
to. 

Francis Collins, in October, 1682, located a tract 
of five hundred acres of land, a part of which is 
now the site of Haddonfield. 

Samuel Coles and Thomas Howell settled in the 
limits of the present townships of Delaware and 
Stockton. A few other settlers followed in the 
same year. The land on which Zane, Thackara, 
Newbie, Sharp, Bates and Goldsmith settled was 
surveyed to them March 10, 1681, and soon after 
that time it was divided. 

Eari.v Settlers and their Descendants. 
— Robert Zane, who was the pioneer in the move- 
ment, had in the division selected five hundred 
acres on the upper course of the creek, which ex- 
tended from Newton Creek to Coopeis Creek, and 
which now includes the property of Edward C. 
Knight and others. He was elected to the first 
Legislature of the province in 1682, re-elected in 
1685, and was constable of the township in 1684-8.'j. 

In Sharp's map of 1700 his house is marked as 
being along the middle branch of Newton Creek, a 
short di.stance above where the Camden and White 
Horse turnpike crosses that stream. He was mar- 
ried, in 1679, to Alice Alday, of Burlington, sup- 
posed to be an Indian maiden, and had several 
children, of whom nothing is known. His second 




^&=^ss^;^s^'^^ 



#x^/^^. 



THE TOWNSHIP OF HADDON. 



641 



wife' was Elizabeth Willis, of Heinpstoad, L. I. 
81ie died in 1700, leaving live ehildren. The liini- 
ily emigrated to the West, where the name became 
noted in the early settlements abont A\'heeling,Va., 
and Zanesville, O. 

Edward C. KxKiHT, long and jirominently 
identified with the internal improvements of New 
Jersey and Pennsylvania, was born within the 
[M-esent territory of Oamilen (Jonnty on the 8th 
day of December, 1813. Giles Knight, his pater- 
nal ancestor, was a native of Gloucestershire, 
England, came to America in 1083 with William 
Penn in the "Welcome," and settled in Byberry, 
where he died in 172(>. Jonathan and Rebecca 
CoUings Kuight, the parents of E. C. Knight, were 
members of the Society of Friends. His father died 
in 1823, before E. C. Knight was ten years old, and 
his mother followed in 1807, at theage of seventy- 
eight. 

Jonathan and Rebecca Knight had seven chil- 
dren ; four sons died young; those living are — E. 
C, Martha W. (wife of Jas. H. Stephenson) and 
Sarah C. (widow of Aaron A. Hurley). E. C. 
Knight was married to Anna M. Magill, July 20, 
1841, by whom he had five children, three of whom 
are dead, — Jonathan at the age of twenty-five, 
Anna, six years, and Ed. C, Jr., twenty months. 
Those left are Annie U. and Ed. 0. Knight, Jr.- 
who was married, June 31, 1880, to Miss Clara Wa- 
terman Dwight, daughter of Edmund P. and 
Clara W. Dwight of Philadelphia. 

In 1830, Edw. C. Knight entered mercantile life 
as a clerk in a store at Kaighns Point, now the 
southern part of the city of Camden, and contin- 
ued in that position two years. In 1832 he went 
to Philadelphia and was engaged as clerk in the 
grocery store of Atkinson & Cuthbert, at the 
South Street wharf on the Delaware River. In 
May, 1830, he established a grocery store on Sec- 
ond Street, giving his mother an interest in the 
business. A few years later he obtained a share 
in the schooner " Baltimore," and was engaged in 
the importation of coffee and other products of 
the West Indies to Philadelphia. In September, 
1840, he removed to the southeast corner of Chest- 
nut and Water Streets and there carried on the 
wholesale grocery, commission, impoi'tiug and re- 
fining business, first alone, and subsecjuently the 
firm of E. C. Knight & Co. was formed. In 1849 
this firm became interested in the California trade, 
and owned and sent out the first steamer that ever 
plied the waters above Sacramento City. This 
firm also originated the business of importing mo- 
lasses and sugar from Cuba to the United States 
and has since been extensively engaged in the re- 



fining of sugar. Two large molasses-houses and 
one extensive refinery at Hainbridge Street and 
one at Queen Street wharf, Philadelphia, have been 
operated by E. C. Knight & Co., and liave been for 
the past twenty-five years. The size and capacity 
of the refinery can be com|)reheiided when it is 
stated that it is usual to turn out from one thou- 
sand to filteen hundred barrels of sugar per day. 

Rut while for many years Mr. Knight has been 
looked upon as one of Philadelphia's most promi- 
nent and mo.st honored merchants, he has of late 
been mainly recognized as one of the leading rail- 
road managers of the Quaker City. Year.s ago he 
was a director in the Lackawanna and Bloomsburg, 
the West Jersey and other railroad companies. 
Finally he became a director in the Pennsylvania 
Railroad C'ompany. It was largely through his 
instrumentality, as chairman of a committee of the 
latter corporation, that the American Steamship 
Line, between Philadelphia and Europe, was 
established, and Mr. Knight was president of the 
steamship line in question. He finally withdrew 
from the board of directors of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad Company and thereafter his interests 
were centred elsewhere. He was a director in the 
t^entral Railroa<l Company of New Jer.sey and 
was from 1870 to ISSO its president. In 1874 
Mr. Knight was chosen president of the Bound 
Brook Railroad Company, a position which he 
now holds. He was a director in the Philadelphia 
and Reading and in the North Pennsylvania Rail- 
road Companies. 

Mr. Knight has at various times been connected 
with a number of institutions of high standing in 
this city. He has, however, withdrawn from all 
banking and trust companies except the (Guarantee 
Trust and Safe Deposit Company, of which he is 
at present the vice-president. 

While not an office-seeker, Mr. Knight is in 
every sense of the word a |)ublic man. In ISoti 
he was nominated by the American, Whig and 
Reform parties for Congress, in the idd First Dis- 
trict of Pennsylvania. In 1800 lie was an elector 
on the Republican Presidential ticket from the 
same district. He was a member of the State 
Constitutional Convention in 1873, his sound opin- 
ions and advice as a business man having material 
weight in the formulation of much of the best 
material in the present organic law of the Com- 
monwealth. In December, 18S3, liewasapi)ointed 
a member of the Park Commission by the Judges 
of the Court of Common Pleas. 

In semi-public att'airs Mr. Knight has likewise 
been a prominent factor. He is, and has for 
years been, one of the directors of the Union 



642 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



League and is now one of its vice-presidents. He 
was also tlie president and one of tlie most active 
promoters of tlie Bi-Centennial Association of 
]8S2. 

Mr. Kniglit is in every sense of the word one 
of Philadelphia's most public-spirited citizens, 
and a man whose name is a synonym for integrity 
and honor. 

On the evening of May 7, 188(5, a banquet was 
given to E. C. Knight, and the Evening Bulletin of 
that date has an article in reference to it, a part of 
which we quote, — 



•Fll 



Mr. 



K.S IN Bl'HLNKSS. — A TKSTIftUiN lA 1, B.\Nyl!ET 

E. C KNuacr this EvENiNi; at the Union League. — Fifty years 
ago to-day Kdward G. Knight, wlio, in the last half centuiy, has de- 
veloped into one of the most prominent of Philadelphia's citizens, en- 
tered the grocery buBiness on Second Street, opposite Almond. He 
was then but twenty. three yeara of age, but he soon evinced a rt-- 
markable tact and coinmercial energy, and in a short time became 
the head of the firm of E. (.'. Knight & Co., which conducted the 
wholesale grocery, comuiinsion, importing, shipping and sugar re- 
finery business on a large scale. Some weeks ago a number of citi- 
zens conceived the idea of celebrating the fiftieth anniversary of the 
birth of Mr. Knight's business career, and as a result of the move- 
ment then started, a banquet will be given this evening in his honor 
at the Union League. The Conmiittee of Arrangements was or- 
ganized a month ago, with Mr. John Wanamaker, chaii-man ; Mr. 
Wm. H. Rhawu, secretary ; and Mr. Geo. S. Fox, treasurer ; the 
chair named the following sub-committees : 

"Committeeon invitations — Messrs. Thus, flochran, Henry Lewis 
and Benj. BeifT. Committee on Distinguished Guests — Messrs. 
Clayton McMichael, E. H, Fitter and J. Wesley Supplee. Com- 
mittee on Banquet — Messrs. Joseph F. Tobias, Wm. H. Hurley and 
Geo. S. Fox. Committee on Speakers— Messrs. Alex. P. Colesberry, 
Chas. H. Cramp and Hamilton Disston. The price of subscriptions 
to the banquet was fixed at ten dollars per head and the number 
limited to two hundred, the capacity of the banqueting hall of the 
League. 

" Among the more prominent gentlmiL-n who iijne I'cen tendi-retl 
invitations and who are expected to be present are : President Gar 
rett and Vice-President King, of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 
Company; e.\-Senator Cattell, of New Jersey; Governor Pattison, 
Attorney-General Cassidy, Chief Justice Mercur, ex-Governor 
Bedle, Chancellor Runyonand Chief Justice Beasley, of New .Jersey 
Mayor Smith and Geo. B. Roberts. 

" The toasts and addresses will be as follows: 'Our Guest,' le 
sponded to by Mr. Knight ; ' The State of Pennsylvania,' Attorney- 
General Cassidy; 'State of New Jensey,' A. G. Cattell ; 'Judiciary 
of Pennsylvania,' Chief Justice Jlercur; 'City of Philadelphia,' 
Mayor Smith ; ' Grocers of Philadelphia,' John Hough ; ' Onr 1*1 aim. 
facturers,' Jas. Dobson ; 'The Press,' Colonel Clayton McMichatl ; 
'Commercial Associutien of Philadelphia,' John Price Wetherill. 

The banquet was a great .success and a well mer- 
ited compliment to an honorable business career 
of fifty years. 

Thomah Sharp, one of the party who came over 
in September, 1H81, was the nephew of Anthony 
Sharp, of Dublin, a wealthy merchant, who became 
possessed of several shares of the propriety and 
conveyed to 'J'homas a part, who, upon his arrival, 
acted as the agent of his unc^le in the sale and loca- 
tion of the remainder. He was then a young man 
and soon gained the confidence of his companions 



and became the leader in many directions. His 
records of the events of the time are unquestioned 
authority. He became constable of the Irish Tenth 
in 1(182, and acted with the same authority as sher- 
itl". He was active in the organization of the 
county of Gloucester and has left the account of 
that .action in the court records. He was made 
clerk of the new county and was also a surveyor. 
The maps, surveys, memoranda and other jiapers 
are of much value, both for historical purposes and 
for determining land titles. In 1685 he was chosen 
member of Assembly. In 1()89 he laid out the town 
of Gloucester and in the same year was apiiointeil 
one of a commission to run the boundary line 
between Gloucester and Burlington Counties. In 
1700 he was appointed one of the judges of the 
county of ({loucester, and was also one of the 
trustees of Newton Friends' Meeting, and no doubt 
assisted in the erection of the first house of wor- 
ship. He surveyed the lot and wrote the deed for 
the lladdonfield Meeting in 1721. His name ap- 
jiears upon the records of Burlington, Salem and 
Wooilbury ofteiier than that of any other man of 
the time in which he lived. 

In the division of the large tract of land he says, 
" I took the forks, or lower end of the land next 
towards the river." Upon this he built, cleared 
part of it for farming purposes and improved some 
meadow land. On the map executed by him.self, 
his house is marked as being on the bank of New- 
ton Creek. In 1708 he was made ranger of the 
county, and in 1723 began to keep the recordsin the 
town-book of Newton, which he continued till 
1728, when his son Samuel succeeded him. He 
died the next year, 1729, and was probably buried 
in the old Newton buryiiig-ground. He married 
Elizabeth Winn in 1701, by whom he had eight 
children. In 1723 he gave to his son Sanuiel part 
of the homestead property and part to his son 
.lohn, who, ill 1731, sold to his brother Samuel and 
moved to London, where he carried on the business 
of a weaver. Samuel sold the land to Tobias Hol- 
loway. The property was known as the Bur- 
roughs Farm and later was owned by the Cham- 
pions. A daughter, Elizabeth, married John Hol- 
lowell, of Darby, Pa., where her descendants are 
numerous. 

Mark Newbie's tract in the division is marked by 
Thomas Sharp as lying opposite to William Bates', 
and his house as being nearly opposite that of 
of Bates. He was an Englishman, a resident of 
London and a tallow chandler and a member of 
the Society of Friends. The persecutions against 
the Society had led him, with many others, to re- 
move to Dublin, with a view of emigrating to 



THE TOWNSHIP OF HADItON. 



643 



America. He joined Shai'ii, Bales, Thackara and 
others, and came witli Uiem. It was at liis lionsc 
the first religious meeting of Friends was set up 
and continued until the meeting-house was luiill, 
in 1684. He also was the founder of the lirsl hank 
in the State of New Jersey. 

A charter was granted to hira at the session of 
the Legislature in May, ItiSi', which provided " that 
Mark Newby's half-pence called Patrick's half- 
pence, shall from and after the eighteenth instant 
pass for half-pence current pay of the Province, 
provided he give sufficient security to the Speaker 
of the House, and provided no person or jiersons 
shall be obliged to take more than five shillings iij 
one payment." 

He died in 1688, and his bank was discontinued. 
The half-penny was struck in Ireland after the 
massacre of B,oraan Catholics in 1641, simply to 
Cf>mmemorate the event, and did not circulate as 
coin in the old country. It, however, was brought 
here in quantities, and being recognized by the 
Legislature in the charter to Mark Newby, it an- 
swered their purpose for several years. Mark 
Newby was a member of the Assembly in l\lay, 
1682, and was selected a nieraherof the ( ioveruor's 
Council. He was also one of the commissioners 
for the division of land in the )irovince and one of 
the committee of ways and means to rai.se moni'V 
for the use of the government. He left a widow, 
Hannah (who, in 1685, married .lames Atkinson), 
two .sons, Stephen and f^dward, and two daughters, 
Kachel and Elizabeth, all of whom came to this 
country with their father. 

Stephen Newby, in 1703, nuirried Klizabeth Wood, 
daughter of Henry, and settled on the hojiiestcad 
and died in 17(16, leaving two children, — Mark and 
Hannah; the former died in 17o.'i, and Hannah 
married Joseph Thackara. Edward Newby, in 
1706, married Hannah Chew, and settled on the 
north of the f()rk branch on three hundred ami 
fifty acres of land his father owned. He died in 
1715 and lelt .several children, of whom (xabricl 
married and lefta son .fohn, who, March 14, 1764^ 
conveyed all the unso Id land to Isaac Cooper, in 
whose name and family it still remains. 

Elizabeth, a daughter of Mark Newby, in 1714, 
mari'ied John Hugg, whose first wife was Priscilla 
( 'ollins. They resided near (iloucester, whereLit- 
ile Timber Creek falls into Great Timber Creek. 
It is through the families of Hugg and Thackara 
that the family is now represented in the county. 
Kachel Newby, a daughter of Mark, probably the 
eldest child, married Isaac Decou, in 1695, and 
settled in Burlington County, where part of the 
family still resides. 



Thomas Thackara, who settled above Mark 
Newby, went from near Leeds, England, to Dub- 
lin, to escape persecution, as did many of the 
Friends. He was a '"stulf weaver." atnl, in 1677, 
was one of the gran tecs of the deed made to Robert 
Turner, William Bates, Mark Newby and others, 
for real estate in New .Icrsey. and in 16S1 became 
to this country with tlic parly of miigrants who 
had decided to settle upon the Third or Irish 
Tenth. He was the first to separate his interest 
from the others, and took two huiulred and fifty 
acres as his share ; and in I(>!t5 he purchased two 
hundred acres of land of Isaac Holliugsham. part 
of the Robert Turner tra<1, which exlrndrd l[is es- 
tale ti-oni Newton Creek to Coopers Creek. The 
trad of two hundred and fifty acres lirsl taken up 
embraced the old Newton graveyard, near which 
the old meeting-house stoo<l. His house was situ- 
ated on the site of the present farm buildings on 
the .lohn (Campbell farm, where he continued until 
his death, about 1702. The land, exi'e])t sixty 
acres, descended to liis son Benjamin, who con- 
veyed fifty acres to his brother-in-law, .John F]ast- 
lack, and devi.sed the remainder to liis son .lo.seph, 
wdio resurveyed it in 1760. It passed to his son 
Stephen, and from him to his sons, Jo.seph, James 
and Thomas, and from them to strangers. 

Thomas Thackara became a member of the first 
Legislature in 1(582, and in the same year was aji- 
poiiited, with Mark Newby and William Cooper, 
one of the judges of the courl for the Irish Tenth, 
and there contiiuied until J685. He was a]ipoint- 
ed one of the land commissioners of the province 
and was, with William Cooper, selected by the So- 
ciety of Friends to sign the address of the Newton 
Meeting to the Yearly Meetingof London, protest- 
ing against the conduct of Ceorge Keith. His first 
wife died in a few years, and in 168!t he was married 
t(i Hepzibah Fastlack, a daughter of Francis 
Kastlack, at the house of .lames .Mkins.m. His 
children were P>eniamin (wdu), in 1707, married 
Mary, a daughter of William Cooper, who settled 
at Coopers Point), Thomas, H.annah, Sarah and 
Hepzibah. Benjamin died in 1727 and left three 
children, — Joseph, Hannah and Mary. Hannah 
Thackara, daughter of Thomas, married John 
Whitall, at her father's house, in ]6i)6, al which 
time her father presented her a deed for sixty 
acres of land, part of the homestead estate. It is 
now included in the Decosta property. 

William Bates, a carpenter, in 1670, lived in the 
county of Wicklow, Ireland, and was a regular at- 
tendant at meetings of Friends, at one of which he 
was, with others, seized, taken to jail and confined 
several weeks. The persecution of Friemls con- 



6-14 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



tinued, and many were discnssing the question of 
emigration. In the grant from Edward Byllinge 
and trustees and others to Robert Turner, linen 
draper, of Dublin ; Robert Zane, serge-maker, of 
Dublin ; Thomas Thackara, stufl-weaver, of Dub- 
lin. William Bates is also mentioned as carpenter 
and of the county of Wicklow. It will be remem- 
bered that Robert Zane i)receded the others to this 
country and selected a site on which they were to 
settle. William Bates, for some reason unknown, 
located two hundred and fifty acres on the south 
side of the middle branch of the stream, while the 
others were on the north side. Two years later he 
made another survey adjoining, and of the same 
number of acres, and also purchased a tract of 
Robert Turner adjoining, which is now known 
as the Ridgeway and Eldridge lands. His house 
was located on the Ridgeway farm, near the mouth 
of Bates Run. He, as a carpenter, doubtless 
planned and constructed the old log meeting- 
house at Newton, in 1684. In 1683 and 1684 
he was a member of the Legislature from the 
Irish Tenth. He died in 1700, and left children 
who had reached maturity, — .Jeremiah, Joseph 
(who, in 1701, married Mercy Clement), Abi- 
gail (married Joshua Frame, in 1687), Wil- 
liam and Sarah. The latter became the wife 
of Simeon Ellis. Jeremiah married Mary, 
a daughter of Samuel Spicer, settled on part 
of the original tract, and left it to his .son William. 
The greater part of the estate is now owned by 
Joseph C. Hollinshead, Edward and William Bet- 
tie. It was on the Bates tract the Camden atid 
Philadelphia race-course was built, in later years, 
an account of which is here given. 

George Goldsmith, who Thomas Sharp describes 
as " an old man," came over in the pink called 
" Ye Owners Adventure," with the other settlers, 
and was the last of the six who formed the early 
settlement of Newton. He was a poor man, 
and had no rights to property. It is evident, 
however, that he was authorized to locate five hun- 
dred acres for one Thomas Starkey, as he was al- 
lowed to do so, and his right was included 
in the tract of seventeen hundred and fifty 
acres. In the division of this tract his survey ex- 
tended from Newton Creek to Coopers Creek. 
Upon close investigation it was found Starkey fail- 
ed to complete the title, and Goldsmith induced 
Robert Turner to take out a title to the survey 
and to give him one hundred acres for his trouble, 
as was the custom. This was done, and Turner 
granted to Goldsmith one hundred acres, in two 
tracts — eighty acres on the north branch of Newton 
Creek, and twenty acres evidently at the mouth of 



the same, as is shown by Thomas Sharp's map. 
This last tract was of the land located by Sharp, 
but, in 1700, appears to be Turner's. The deed passed 
from Turner to Goldsmith 30th of Ninth Month, 
1687, and was sold by him the next day to Stephen 
Newby. He purchased eighty acres of land, adjoin- 
ing his upper lot, of Francis Collins. This increased 
his tract to one hundred acres, and it is marked on the 
creek "about as high as the tide flows." The place 
is still known as Goldsmith's Field. He built 
a grist-mill at the place where the present mill of 
J. J. Schnitzius is located. The land is known as 
the .lames Dobbs farm. The remainder of the 
Goldsmith-Starkey tract of five hundred acres 
Robert Turner sold, in 1693, to Isaac Hollingsham, 
whose son Isaac later sold it to Sarah Ellis, widow 
of Simeon. Her son Joseph settled upon it and in 
time it passed out of the name, but still remained 
in the family, and was bought by Jacob Stokes, 
who, in 1749, married Priscilla Ellis. 

Goldsmith appears to have owned other lands, 
as, in 1693, he sold rights to William Albertson, 
and, in 1694, land to Nicholas Smith, in 1695 one 
hundred acres to John Iverson, and in 1697 one 
hundred acres to Margaret Ivins. This land was 
all in Newton towship, and near the place of his 
first settlement. He evidently moved from this 
region, as his name disappears soon after. 

Robert Turner, although never a resident of 
New Jersey, was interested with the first settlers 
of Newton, and was one of the grantees of the 
deed made, in April, 1677, for real estate in New 
.Jersey. He was an Irish Quaker, and engaged 
in merchandising in the city of Dublin. After 
the grant of the territory of Pennsylvania to Wil- 
liam Penn, with whom he was intimately associa- 
ted, he closed his business in Ireland and removed 
to Philadelphia in 1683. Mention has been made 
of his dealings with George Goldsmith ; he also 
purchased other and large tracts of laud in the 
township, parts of w'hich are now in the city of 
Camden. The land of the Graysburys, on the 
south side of the main branch of Newton Creek, 
was located by him, and during the first five years 
of the settlement he was probably the largest land- 
owner. In 1685, although not resident of the 
colony, he was chosen a representative of the 
Third Tenth in the Legislature of West New Jer- 
sey. His lands in the township were gradually 
sold to others, who settled upon them. 

In the year 1692 James, Joseph and Benjamin 
Graysbury, brothers and ship carpenters, came 
from the Island of Bermuda to Philadelphia, and 
the next year purchased five hundred acres of 
land nientiouctl above of Robert Turner. James 



THE TOWNSHIP OF HADDON. 



645 



died in 1700, and left his share of the estate to his 
son James and two sisters, who, in 1722, sold their 
interest to James, who had settled upon it. J<iseph, 
one of the brothers, died without issue, and his 
interest passed to James, his nephew. In 1720 the 
children of Benjamin sold their interest in the 
tract to James. Before the death of the brothers, 
and in 1696, John Willis, a ship carpenter of 
Philadelphia, bought fifty acres of the tract. It 
was at the head of navigati(3n of the branch, and 
the locality was later known as Atmore's Dam. 
John Willis built at the place a small brick house, 
one and a half stories high, with a hipped roof, 
small windows and low, narrow doors. The main 
road leading from Philadelphia to Egg Harbor, 
crossed the stream at the place, and the house was 
used as a tavern by Joseph Kirlee, whose sou 
John, in 1718, sold the p»-operty to Thomas At- 
more, by whom it was owned until his death, in 
1773, when it passed to Caleb Atmore, who, in 178;:!, 
sold it to Benjamin Graysbury. The original 
Uraysbury tract includes the late Joseph Few 
Smith (now William Bettle) estate on the east and 
other lands westward. The old tiraysbury grave- 
yard is on this tract. The Atmore Dam is men- 
tioned in old records and papers, and was built to 
))rotect the meadows in the vicinity from overflow 
by the tides. 

Francis Collins, who came to this country about 
1678, was a bricklayer of London and a Friend. 
He was married in 1663, .and conducted his busi- 
ness in that city. For his adherence to the prin- 
ciples of the Friends he was imprisoned with 
many others. The Friends' Meeting-house in the 
parish of Stepney, in the city of I^ondon, was de- 
stroyed by a mob, and in 1675 Francis Collins 
rebuilt it. In 1677 he, with Richard Mew, of 
Ratlifi', and John Bull, of London, both merchants, 
purchased of Edward Byllynge, certain shares of 
propriety in New Jersey, He came to this country 
soon after with his wife and family, composed of a 
son Joseph and several daughters. He appears to 
have resided near Burlington, and in 1682 erected 
the Friends' Meeting-house in that place, and in 
the next year built the court-house and market- 
house, for which he received one thousand acres of 
land and two hundred pounds in money. The 
first land taken up by him was in Newton town- 
ship, and embraced five hundred acres. The sur- 
vey bears date October 23, 1682. Two days later 
four hundred and fifty acres adjoining was sur- 
veyed in his right. The first tract was located 
on the west side of the King's road, and the new- 
part of Haddonfield is built upon it. The next 
survey was adjoining to the southwest and extended 



to the south branch of Newton ('reek. To secure 
a landing on (.'oopers Creek, he located one hun- 
dred and seventeen acres, which later he sold to 
Richard Gray, whose son John, in 1746, conveyed 
it to Ebenezer Hopkins. It is now mostly owned 
by the heirs of .Tohii E. Hopkins and Joseph C. 
Stoy. He settled upon the tract, and first located 
and built a house on the hill south of the village 
of Haddonfield, and named the homestead " Mount- 
well." It afterward passed to his son Joseph, by the 
first wife, and later to Samuel Clement, who erected 
the house that was destroyed by fire in 1874. The 
site is now occupied by Reilly's Seminary. The 
house when first built was isolated and about five 
miles from the Newton settlement, and even in 
the year 1700 Thomas Sharp marked on his map 
but five houses between Mountwell and Newton. 

F'rancis Collins was active in the political affairs 
of the colony, and in 1683 was chosen a member 
of the Assembly to represent the Irish Tenth, and 
returned in 1684. Upon the election of Sam- 
uel .lennings as Governor of the State, in May, 
1683, Francis Collins was selected by him as one 
of his Council. He was in this session also ap- 
()ointed a commissioner to divide lands and to regu- 
late lines. 

Upon his return to the Assembly, in 1684, he was 
selected as one of the judges of the courts of West 
Jersey, which position he held for several years. 

( )n the 21st December, 1686, Francis Collins 
married, as his second wife, Mary Goslin, a 
daughter of Thomas Budd, and at that time the 
widow of Dr. John Goslin, of Burlington ; later he 
removed to Northampton, Burlington County, 
where he died about 1720. His first wife died 
soon after his settlement in this country, leaving 
him six children — Joseph, Sarah, Rebecca, Priscil- 
la, Margaret and Elizabeth. He owned large 
tracts of land and, from time to time, conveyed 
portions to his children. Sarah married Dr. Rob- 
ert Dimsdale and settled on Dimsdale Run, a 
branch of Rancocas Creek, in Burlington County, 
where her husband erected a large brick house. 
In 1688 he returned to England and died in 1718, 
after which his widow returned to Haddonfield 
and lived until her death, in 1739. In 1714 her 
father deeded her a tract of four hundred and 
sixty acres, extending from near Haddonfield 
southwesterly to the south branch of Newton 
Creek. April 1, 1725, Sarah Dimsdale sold the 
tract to Simeon Breach and Caleb Sprague, who, 
the next year, divided it. It is now the estate of 
the Hinchmans, Nicholsons, Willits and others. 

Of the other daughters of Francis Collins by 
the first wife, Rebecca married Thomas Briant, 



616 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Priscilla became the wife of John Hugg iiud set- 
tled on Timber Creek, near Gloucester, Margaret 
married Elias Hugg and Elizabelh married Josiah 
Southwick. Joseph, the only son by the first wife, 
became the owner of the homestead by convey- 
ance, and died in 1741, leaving a son Benjamin 
and daughters Sarah (married to Simon Ellis), 
Catherine (married Thomas Ellis) and Rebecca 
(married to Samuel Clement). Benjamin was a 
carpenter and resided in Haddonfield and died in 
1756. A part of the Mountwell tract was conveyed 
to him by his father, who, in 1735, conveyed the 
remainder of the estate, now in the village of 
Haddonfield, to Samuel and Rebecca Clement. 

John Haddon was a Friend and a resident of 
the parish of St. George, in the county of Surrey, 
England, a suburb of London, on the east side 
of the Thames. He was a blacksmith and made 
anchors. By his industry and economy he ac- 
cumulated a large estate and became interested 
in the little colony forming in New Jersey. He 
purchased, in 1695 or 1696, a right of propriety of 
Richard Mathews, and in 1698 bought of Thomas 
Willis, son of John, a tract of five hundred acras 
lying on the north side of Coopers Creek, embracing 
Coles Landing, two miles below Haddonfield, which 
was located 26th of Sixth Month, 1686, by John 
Willis, which was resurveyed for John Estaugh, 
attorney for John Haddon, 6th of Twelfth Month, 
1707. He also purchased a large tract now lying 
in the townships of Delaware and Waterford, which 
is marked on Sharp's map as containing eight hun- 
dred and thiry-eight acres and known as "King's 
land." Two hundred acres of this tract was sold, 
in 1717, to William Matlock, and subsequently 
passed to Richard M. Cooper, and is now owned 
by his son, Alexander Cooper. 

John Haddon had two daughters — Sarah and 
Elizabelh. The former married Benjamin Hop- 
kins and settled at home. Elizabeth Haddon, 
however, when nineteen years of age, and in 1701, 
left her home and friends and came to New Jer- 
sey with power of attorney from her father to be- 
come his agent in the location, purchase and sale 
of lands. Francis Collins, a friend of her father, 
who lived at Mountwell, extended to her the hos- 
pitalities of his home. To reach his residence she 
went to Philadelphia, crossed the river at Daniel 
Cooper's Ferry (now Camden) and passed the Wil- 
lis place, which was to be her future home. It is 
evident from Thomas Sharp's map that John Wil- 
lis had erected a house on the tract, as one is there 
marked. This house stood at Coles Landing, on 
the brow of a hill near Coopers Creek, to which 
she moved in 1701, and gave the place the name 



of Haddonfield. Before her departure for this 
country, and at her father's home, she formed the 
acquaintance of a young man, John Estaugh, who 
was then attracting considerable notice as a public 
speaker among the Friends, He was born atKelve- 
don, about fifty miles northeast from London, Sec- 
ond Month 23, 1676, and when young embraced the 
principles of the Friends and was admitted to the 
ministry when eighteen years of age. 

In September, 1700, he was permitted to come to 
America on a religious visit, and was accompan- 
ied by John Richard.son. They traveled together 
through Maryland, Virginia and Pennsylvania and 
met at Philadeli)hia Elizabeth Haddon at the 
home of her friends, before she removed to her 
place at Coles Landing, when the acquaintance 
formed at home was renewed. She made preparations 
to occupy her new home, and doubtless enlarged 
and improved the house in accordance with her 
means, while John Estaugh, feeling itto be his duty, 
requested of the Meeting permissiim to go back to 
Virsrinia, which was granted, and he spent some 
time in that province. 

It is probable that John Estaugh ministered to 
the Friends at Newton Meeting, and his previous 
acquaintance with Elizabeth Haddon, led him to 
accept the hospitality of her home, when the as- 
sociation of home and friends in England brought 
to them many subjects of conversation. It is evident, 
from subsequent events, that threads of a more 
subtle power were slowly and gradually winding 
round him, which impelled hiin to return to this 
region, a captive; and, although romance says he 
was slow in accepting his bonds, he was aided by 
the fair damsel, Elizabeth Haddon, as beautifully 
told by the poet, Longfellow, in the story of John 
Alden and Priscilla, the story told by Longfellow 
in '' Aftermath," and by Mrs. Lydia Maria Child. 
Whatever the manner of the courtship, the mar- 
riage was celebrated on the 1st of the Eighth 
Month, 1702, at her residence, in the presence of 
friends and other invited guests. Soon after this 
event John Estaugh became the attorney of John 
Haddon, and took charge of his landed interest in 
New Jersey, which at this time required much 
time. He also became agent for the Pennsylvania 
Land Company of London. In 1713 a brick house 
was built on the Richard Mathews survey, a short 
distance from the site of the village of Haddon- 
field, where Samuel Wood now resides, and the 
new place called " New Haddonfield." The house 
was larger and much more conveniently arranged, 
than the first, and better suited to the wealth of 
the occupants, whose house was open to all. The 
brick wall now standing is part of that which 



THE TOWNSHIP OP HADDON. 



647 



surrounded the garden, and the huge yew-tree in 
front of the present mansion is said to have been 
transplanted by Elizabeth Estangh. The house 
was destroyed by fire the morning of April 1',), 
1842. 

The father of Elizabeth Haddon Estaugh made 
a deed of gift to John and Elizabeth, in 1722, of 
all the Mathews' survey. John Haddon died the 
next year, 1723, and left his estate to his L'hildren, 
Benjamin and Sarah Hopkins, and John and 
Elizabeth Estaugh, his wife having died the year 



and Sarah Hopkins were John E. Haddon, Eben- 
ezer, Elizabeth E., Sarah, Mary and Ann. Ebenezer 
settled near Haddonfleld, on Coopers Creek. His 
brother, John E., succeeded him, and left the es- 
tate to his son, William E. Hopkins, who, in 17t)5, 
married Ann, daughter of Griftith Morgan.. A 
dam was built on the run that traversed the tract, 
and a grist-mill was built in 1789, which has long 
since been out of use. The property is now in 
possession of the widow of John E. Hopkins, who 
was the son of William E. Hopkins. 




I in: r^i u (,h hot.'^e. 



before. John Estaugh was a writer of considerable 
ability, as in 1744 his writings wore printed by 
Benjamin Franklin. He was al.so skilled in 
chemistry and medicine. While on a religious 
visit to Tortula, in the West Indies, in 1742, he 
died, and his remains were placed in a brick tomb, 
which has long since gone to decay. His wife 
survived him twenty years, and died March 30, 
1762, in the eightieth year of her age. She left no 
children, but adopted Ebenezer Hoi)kius, a son of 
her sister Sarah, who came to this country, was 
educated by, and resided with, Elizabeth Estaugh. 
He married and settled on a tract of land fronting 
on Coopers Creek, which his aunt conveyed to 
him in 1752, known as the " Ann Burr " farm. He 
died in 1757, and left a wife and seven children, 
all of whom married in this region, and Elizabeth 
Estaugh left the bulk of her estate to the children 
of her nephew, Ebenezer. 

About 1799 the tract on which Elizabeth Es- 
taugh first settled passed to Job Coles, in whose 
family it still in part remains, and is now owned 
bv Jacoli Stokes Coles. The children of Ebenezer 



John Gill was the cousin of Elizabeth Estaugh, 
and came to this country under her patronage, 
soon after her arrival, as in 1709 he was appointed 
administrator of an estate in Newton township. 
After the death of John E.staugh he became ad- 
viser and manager of her estate. In 1714 John 
Haddon conveyed to him a tract of land contain- 
ing two hundred and thirty acres in Waterford 
and Delaware townships, where he is said to have 
lived. He ne.xt resided in Waterford township, 
at the place where the King's road crossed Coopers 
Creek, and near the place which, after 1715, and to 
the present time, is known as Axford's Landing. In 
1728 John Estaugh deeded to him two tracts of land, 
one of which, containing eighty -seven acres, was in 
Haddonfleld. It was on the west side of the King's 
road, and extended from Coopers Creek to the 
Methodist Church. In 1732 three other lots were 
deeded in Haddonfleld, the largest of which joined 
the other land on the southwest, and is about equally 
divided by Grove Street. The next is now owned 
by the estates of Rennels Fowler and the devisees 
of John Clement. The third lot passed to his 



648 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



(laughter Hannah, who mai'ried Thomas Redman, 
on which the old Redman mansion formerly stood. 
Part of this estate remains ia the family, and is 
now owned by the devisees of John Gill, a descend- 
ant of the emigrant by that name, who is lately 
deceased. John Gill came into Newton township 
to reside about 1722, and lived on the site of the 
present Gill mansion, and it was on this land that 
elections were sometimes held. In 1740 he was 
selected as attorney for the heirs-at-law of Joseph 
Elkinton, and went to England to prosecute their 
claim. This occupied his time for several years, 
and he died in London about 1748. In 1746 
he bought of John Cox, also of Loudon, a tract of 
land on the south side of the south branch of 
Coopers Creek, about two miles from Haddon- 
field, and the next year deeded it to his son John, 
jmrt of which is still in the family and the name. 

The Hinchmans were very early settlers in the 
township, as May 18, 1699, John Hugg and Pris- 
cilla Collins, his wife, sold to John Hinehmau, of 
Long Island, one thousand acres of land in New- 
ton township, which extended from near the head 
of Newton Creek northeasterly toward Haddon- 
field. His house stood on the north side of the 
stream, near where the Hurley house now stands. 
He died in 1721, and John, his son, settled on part 
of the homestead, now mostly owned by the Wil- 
lits family. Joseph Hinchman, also a son, settled 
on part of the estate, and died in 1731. James, 
also a son, lived on part formerly owned by James 
S. Hurley. He died in 1750. In 1733 he was 
appointed one of the judges of the courts of Glou- 
cester County. His sous intermarried with the 
Thornes, the Harrisons, the Kaighns, the Smiths 
and the Bisphams, and their descendants are scat- 
tered and numerous. Joseph Hinchman, a brother 
of John, the first of the name to settle in this 
county, came from Flushing, L. I., in 1708, and 
purchased a part of his brother's estate. His house 
stood on the west side of the King's road. He 
died about 1737, and left several children, of whom 
Thomas, the son, married Sarah Clement, and in- 
herited the estate. He died in 1758, and his prop- 
erty passed to his son Joseph, who was born Feb- 
ruary 18, 1751, in the old log cabin. The new 
house was in process of erection when his father 
died, and is now, after the lapse of more than a 
hundred years, still used, and is the residence of 
William C. Hinchman. 

The Albertsons were represented in Newton 
township first by William Albertsou, who, May 2, 
1682, located a tract of land in Newton township, 
between the south and middle branch of Newton 
Creek, and to the junction of the said branches, be- 



low the land of William Bates. In 1685 he was a 
member of the Legislature. In 1692 he purchased a 
large tract in Gloucester township, where a branch 
of the family still reside. He resided there but a 
short time, and moved to Bybeny, Pa., and finally to 
Bucks County, where he died about 1709. In 1698 
he deeded the homestead farm in Newton to his 
son William, who lived upon it until his death, 
in 1720. He erected a brick house, which is still 
standing ; a deer park, which covered many acres, 
was laid out and surrounded by a ditch and bank, 
which may yet be seen. A race-course also was 
upon the place. The land passed through four 
generations of the name to a daughter, Sarah, who 
married David Henry, in whose descendants a part 
of the estates is still vested. 

Henry Stacy, who lived in Newton township 
only a few years, came to or near Burlington, soon 
after 1678, with his father and his wife. In 1683 
he located four hundred and ninety acres of land 
near the head of the middle branch of Newton 
Creek, east of the Grayburys' land, and the same 
year returned to England, where he died in 1689. 
He left the real estate to his children. It was 
divided in 1711, and the Newton tract was allotted 
to a daughter Sarah, the wife of Robert Mont- 
gomery. 

In 1715 he built a house upon it, and removed 
from Monmouth County, where he had previously 
resided. The house stood at a short distance east 
of the old Philadelphia and Egg Harbor road, which 
then crossed Newton Creek at Atmores Dam. 
This survey is now owned by Rhoda Hampton, 
the Websters, the Nicholsons and others. 

Joshua Evans, a public Friend, resided for 
many years on the farm now owned by Joseph O. 
Cuthbert. About 1818 this ftirm was leased to 
Amos 'Coxe, who resided there two years, in which 
time several deaf mutes, with a teacher, were 
sent from Philadelphia and boarded with him 
during the summer. For several years after, the 
place was a resort for them, and many amusing 
incidents of the unfortunate are related by the 
old people. In 1824 the Deaf and Dumb Institu- 
tion of Philadelphia was chartered, and a build- 
ing was erected on the corner of Eleventh and 
Market Streets, where the Bingham House now 
stands, and sufficient room was obtained for com- 
fort. 

There are many other families, who, by inter- 
marriage and by purchase, were residents a century 
ago in what is now Haddon township, but space 
will not permit us to record them all here. The 
sketches given above embrace all of the families 
who settled here before 1700, and from whom the 



AUTOGRAPHS OV EARLY SETTLERS OE NEW TOWNSHIP. 



A first settler. Died 1G94. He was one of 
the most prominent Newton settlers. 




The surveyor and chronicler of the first set- 
tlers. Died 1729. Had sons Thoni.is, 
Isaac and John. 



^crn^-? 



Only son of John the emigrant. 

Died 1794, leaving one son, 

John. 



>^^ 



Tyi 




Vje'z^o^^ 



A first settler. Died 1709. Had sous Wil- 
liam, Abraham, Benjamin and Josiah. 




A first settler. Died 170i>, and left suns, Benja- 
min and Thomas. 

Large landed proprietor in old ^Newton Townslup. 
He died in 1696. 

A first settler. Died 1706. Had sons .lohn, 

Samuel, Daniel, Archibald, Isaac, 

Joseph and James. 

A first settler. Died 1724. Had sons John and 
Joseph. 



Daugliter of John Haddon and wife of Johi 
Estaugh. 




a 



'7^ 




A minister among the Friends. He 

married l']lizabeth Haddon. 

Died 1742. 




'cnJT^/§^A 



John Eastl.\ck, son of Franc'i 

the emigrant. Died 1736. 

Had sons John and 

Samuel. 



)iicL/n 



A first settler in Newton. Died 

1721. Had sons John, Joseph, 

Jacob, James and 

William. 



O"' 



Son of Joseph the emigrant, who was brother 

of the above John. Died 1758, 

leaving one son, Joseph. 

A first settler. Son of Robert, one of 

the Yorkshire Commissioners. 

He returned to London, 

and died 10X9. 



650 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



land descended in large part by inheritance. 
There are very few land-marks left in existence to 
remind us of those early settlers. 

The Lost Village of Newton. — The first 
settlers came up Newton Creek and built cabins 
near together, forming a small village, to which 
they gave the name Newton. From this the 
creek and the township took their names. After 
a little time, finding the Indians in the region 
peaceable, they each built houses upon their 
own land, and in consequence the village was 
soon abandoned, but is mentioned as a town 
by Gabriel Thomas in 1098, and by the clerk of 
county much later. The latter recorded a license 
to keep a tavern " near Newtown." In 1684 the 
Friends' Meeting-house was built. The village after 
this time become practically unknown, and its very 
site is lost, though it is supposed to be on the 
north side of the middle branch of Newton Creek, 
a short distance from its mouth and near the old 
grave-yard. 

The Old Newton Friends' Meeting. — 
Among the first Friends to settle within the pre- 
cincts of old Newton were William Cooper and 
Richard Arnold. At once Friends' Meetings 
were held in the house of one or the other of 
them. At Burlington Monthly Meeting, held 
Seventh Month (September) 0, 1081, it was 
" ordered that Friends of Pyne Poynte (Cooper's 
Point) have a meeting on every Fourtli Day, to 
begin at the 2'' hour, at Richard Arnold's house." 
At a General Meeting held at Salem, Second 
Month (April) 11, 1682, it was ordered "That a 
six weeks" men's and women's meeting for the 
ordering of the affairs of the Church be kejit the 
24"' of the 3'' Month (May), at Wm. Coopers, at 
Pyne Point, and the next six weeks' meeting at 
Shackamaxon and So in Course." It was also or- 
dered at the same time that a Monthly Meeting tor 
worship be held alternately in the same way ; the 
first one to be at William Cooper's. Thus was 
established the Newton Meeting. In the spring 
of 1682 a few Irish Friends, who had spent the 
winter in Salem, moved up to and settled about 
Newton Creek. Thomas Sharp, one of their num- 
ber, in his account of their early settlement, 
says: "In 1684 the Friends in the vicinity of 
Newton, desirous of erecting a house of worship, 
selected a lot of land on the bank of the middle 
branch of Newton Creek, containing about two 
acres, it being on the bounds of land of Mark 
Newby and Thomas Thackara, which was laid out 
for a burial-ground, and at the west end a log 
meeting-house was erected." William Bates, who, 
it will be remembered as mentioned heretofore. 



was a carpenter, also planned and executed the 
work. 

The burying-ground was used many years, and 
many of the first families are at rest within its 
limits. It is inclosed by a brick wall, and is over- 
grown by low trees and vines. The first trustees 
of the meeting and property were Benjamin 
Thackara, William Cooper and William Albert- 
son, who continued until 1708, when they were 
.succeeded by Thomas Sharp, John Kaighn, Joseph 
Cooper and John Kay. In this old meeting- 
house the town-meetings and elections were held 
for several years. A part of the Thackara estate 
passed to James and Joseph Sloan prior to 1790, 
and much trouble arose between them and the 
Friends in relation to boundaries of the meeting- 
house property. In 1811 Joseph Sloan abandoned 
his claim, and in 1819 James Sloan released his 
interest to the trustees of the meeting. The erec- 
tion of other meeting-houses and the removal of 
Friends from the vicinity gradually withdrew in- 
terest in the society, and little attention was paid 
to the old house and grounds where the first meet- 
ing of Friends in Gloucester County was held, and 
according to Joseph Hiuchman's journal, on the 
22d of December, 1817, the meeting-house, around 
which clustered many interesting associations, was 
destroyed by fire, and no effort was made to i-e- 
build it. 

In 1791 James Sloan, a Friend, laid out one acre 
of ground north of the old burying-ground, and 
inclosed it with a low wall. A stone with the fol- 
lowing inscription is placed in the wall : 

*' Here is no distinction, 
Rich and Poor meet together, 
Ttie Lord is malcer of them all. 
liy James Sloan, 1791. " 

For many years roads were few and almost im- 
passable, except on horseback, and carriages and 
wheeled vehicles were not in use. The streams 
were used for travel, and all the early burials were 
made in Newton burying-ground. The funeral 
party moved from the house to the nearest stream, 
where they took barges and boats and floated to 
Newton Creek and up to the burying-ground. 
In the " Early Settlers of Newton," an account 
is given of a funeral in 1703, which is of inter- 
est in this connection. Esther Spicer, the wi- 
dow of Samuel Spicer, resided on the homestead 
property, in what is now Stockton township. She 
was killed by lightning on the 24th of Seventh 
Month, 1703. "The funeral occurred the night 
after her decease, the family and friends going in 
boats down Coopers Creek to the river, and by the 
river to Newton Creek, and thence to the Newton 



THE TOWNSHIP OF HADDON. 



651 



grave-yard, the place of interment. Each boat 
being provided with torches, the scene must 
have been picturesque indeed. To the colonist it 
was a sad spectacle when they saw one so much 
esteemed among them borne to her last resting- 
place. To the Indians it was a grand and impres- 
sive sight. Arasapha, the chief, and others of his 
people attended the solemn procession in their 
canoes, thus showing their respect for one the 
cause of whose death struck them with awe and 
reverence. The deep dark forests that stood close 
down to the shores of the streams almost rejected 
the light as it came from the burning torches of 
pine carried in the boats; and, as they passed 
under the thick foliage, a shadow was scarcely cast 
upon the water. The colonists in their plain and 
. unassuming apparel, the aborigines clad in gaudy 
and significant robes, and the negro slaves, as 
oarsmen, must have presented from the shore a 
rare and striking picture. Here, all undesigned, 
was the funeral of a Friend, in which ostentation 
and display are always avoided, made one of the 
grandest pageants that the fancy could imagine, a 
fertile subject for the artist and well deserving an 
effbrt to portray its beauty." 

Interments were made in this yard for many 
years, but when the Friends' Meeting was estab- 
lished at Haddonfield and a burial ground there 
laid out, many families changed to that ))lace. 

The following isalistof the marriages of Friends 
who were members or who married members of the 
old Newton Meeting — extending from lii84 to 
1719: 

IGSi.— James Atlduson, of I'liiluilelplii;!, In ll;uiii^li N.^uliie 
widow uf Blark, of Newtou. 

1085.— Johu Ladd to Sarah Wuoil. 

1686.— Walter Forrest to Ann Alhertson ; Tliomas Slial.le to Alire 
StalleB ; Samnel Toms to Kaclitl Wood. 

1687.— Josliua Frame, of Pennsylvania, to Aliife'ail Hates ; William 
Clark to Mary Heritage. 

1688.— John Hugg, son of John, to Priscilla Collins, daughter of 
Francis ; Joseph Cooper to Lydia Kiggs. 

1689.— Thomas Thackara to Hepsihah Eastlaek ; Thomas Willard 
to Judith AVood, daughter of Henry. 

1691.— John Butcher to Mary Heritage. 

1692. — Simeon Ellis to Sarah Bates, daughter of William. 

1693.— Daniel Cooper to .\bigail Wood, daughter of Henry. 

169.5.— Daniel Cooper to Sarah Spicer, daughter of Samuel ; Wil- 
liam Sharp to Jemima Eastlack, daughter of Francis ; Joseph Nich- 
olson, son of Samuel, to Hannah Wood, daughter of Henry ; Isaac 
Decou to Rachel Newbie, daughter of Mark. 

1699.— Thomas Thackara to Ann Parker, of Philadelphia. 

1701.— Joseph Bates to Mercy Clement, daughter of .Tames. 

1702.— John Eataugh to BUzabeth Haddon. 

1703.— Stephen Newbie to Elizabeth Wood, daughter of Henry. 

1704.- John Mickle, son of Archibald, to Hannah Cooper, daugh- 
ter of WllUam, Jr. 

1705. — JosiahSouthwick to Elizabeth ^'ollius, daughter of Fran- 
cis. 



1706.— Joseph Brown to Mary Spi 
ward Newbie to Hannah Cliew. 



daugliter of Sa 



el: Ed- 



1707.— Benjamin Wood to Maiy Kaj, dauKhter of John ; Benja- 
min Thackara to :\Iary Cooper, daughter of William, Jr. 

1707.— John Hallowell, of Darby, to Elizabeth Sharp, daughter of 
Thomas ; John Kay, son of John, to Sarah Langstone. 

nilS.— Samuel Miekle to Elizabetli Cooper, daughter of .loseph ; 
Ezekiel Siddous, son of John, to Sarah .Mickle. 

170SI. — Simeon Breach to Mary Dennis; John Harvey to Sarah 
Hasker : Robert BracUloik to Elizabeth Ilanoek, daughter of Tim- 
lilliy. 

171".— Thomas Hull lo Sarah Nelson ; William Harrison to Ann 
Hugg, daughter of John ; Thomas Middleton to Mercy Alien; Jo- 
seph Stokes, son of Thomas, to Judith Lippincott. daughter of Free- 
dom ; Thomas Sharp to Catherine Hollingsham. 

1711.- ThomasSnulh to Sarah Hancock, daughter of Timothy; 
Jonathan Haines, son of Johu, to Mary Matlack, daughter of Wil- 
liam; Daniel Mickle to Hanuah Dennis ; Samuel Dennis to Ruth 
I.iuilall ; Thomas Lippincott, son of Freeibun, to Mary Haines, 
daughter of .lohn. 

1712.— Abraham Brown I.. Hannah Adams, Jr. 

1714.- .loseph Dole to Hanuah Somers ; John Hugg to Elizabeth 
Newbie; John Cox to Lydia Cooper, daughter of Joseph. 

1716. — John .\damson to Ann Skew; Francis Richardson to Sarah ^ 
Cooper; Thomas Kobiuson to Sarah Lowe ; W'illiani Sharp to Mary 
Austin, daughter of J'raneis. 

1717. — -Alexander Morgan, son of (Jtithlh, to Hannah Cooper, 
daughter of Joseph. 

1718. — Benjamin Cooper, son of Joseph, to Rachel Mickle ; ThoH. 
Kakestraw to] Mary Wilkiusim, daughter of Thomas; Samuel 
Sharp to Martha Hall ; John fiill to Mary Heritage. 

1719.— John Sharp to .fane Fitchardall ; Thomas Eyere to Pris- 
cilla Hugg ; Joseph Gibson to Elizabeth Tindall. 

Schools. — The first school in the limits of Had- 
don township was, without doubt, held in the old 
N'ewton Meeting-house, built in 1084, and the 
ne.xt was in the Haddonfield Meeting-house, built 
in 1722. The first authentic record of a school- 
house is found in a road record bearing date 
March, 1783, wherein mention is made of a school- 
house as being situated on land of William Bates. 
The old William Bates tract was on the south 
side of Newton Creek, opposite lands of Mark 
Newby and Thomas Thackara and the Newton 
Meeting-house. 

The school-house on the "Meeting-house ]x)l," 
in Haddonfield, was built in 1787. In 171>1 a 
school-house was situated near Camden, on the 
Haddonfield road, near Marmaduke Cooper's house. 
A school-house was built near the Newton Meet- 
ing-house before 1807, as mention is made of it in 
that year. 

On Hill's map of 1809. surveys for which were 
made from 1801 to 1807, three school-houses are 
indicated. One stood on the Ferry road, near 
what is now CoUingswood, and was known as the 
Barton School ; another was on the Salem road, a 
short distance east of the spot where that road 
crosses the south branch of Newton Creek ; 
another was represented as being on the road from 
Camden to Chews Landing, a short distance be- 
low the middle branch of Newton Creek, on tlie 
old Thomas Sharp survey. In 1809 the Grove 
Scliool-house was built at Hiiddonfield. 



652 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



There are at present in Haddou township four 
school districts, — Champion, No. 10 ; Westmout, 
No. 11; Haddou, No. 12; and Mt. Ephraim, No. 
in. The last-mentioned is largely in Centre town- 
ship, and the school-house is within its limits. 

The population of Haddon township, exclusive 
of the borough of Haddonfield, for 1885 was one 
thousand three hundred and twenty-one. The ac- 
count of the railroads that intersect the township 
will be found in the article on " Public Internal 
Improvements of the General History," in this 
work. 

The Camden and Philadelphia Race- 
course. — In the year 1S35 William R. Johnson, 
Andrew Beime, John D. Kirby, Otway P. Hare 
and William N. Friend, sporting gentlemen, re- 
siding in the State of Virginia, purchased of Sam- 
uel C. Champion a farm in Newton township, , 
about three miles from Camden, preparatory to es- 
tablishing a race-track on the same. Measures 
were at once taken to this end, and during the 
ne.xt year the whole work was finished. A large 
liotel, a grand stand, stables and other necessary 
buildings were built. The track of one mile was 
carefully laid out, graded and graveled, and a 
high board fence put around the whole. It was 
known as the " Philadelphia and Camden Race- 
Course," and, being between Baltimore and Long 
Island, drew together the best horses in the 
country. The spring and fall meetings were great 
events among gentlemen of the turf, and stables 
met there from Tennessee, Virginia, Maryland, as 
well as from Pennsylvania, New Jersey and New 
York. 

Thousands of people crossed the ferries from 
Philadelphia, and many were attracted there from 
all the country round. Colonels William R. John- 
son and Bailey Peyton, Doctor McClellan, General 
Irvine, William Gibbons and the Van Marters, 
with many others of like reputation, were always 
present at the races, and their opinions of the 
merits of a horse were eagerly sought after by bet- 
ting men. A hint from one of these, especially 
Colonel Johnson, as to the condition or merit of a 
horse, generally showed itself on the field or in the 
betting-rooms, and those interested were seldom 
deceived. Fashion, Peytona, Lady Clifton, At- 
lanta, Boston, Mingo, Blue Dick, Decatur, Bon- 
netts o' Blue and some others were among the 
first class, with any number of fillies and colts to 
fill the second and third classes. 

The "four-mile" day always filled the grand- 
stand, and covered the field with carriages and 
vehicles of every kind. Ladies were never scarce, 
and entered into the sport and betting with 



as much zeal and spirit as their escorts. Occa- 
sionally some steady-going farmer of the neigh- 
borhood would lose his head, bet his money on 
the race, and leave the ground a wiser man, think- 
ing that among the uncertain things of this world 
horse-flesh might be included. 

The cups and ball man, or "the boy with the 
little joker " generally drew about him a wonder- 
ing (Trowd, and industriously plied his calling 
"between the heats," fleecing the verdant ones 
who stood around and thought it wa.s the easiest 
thing in the world to win. The player would oc- 
casionally lose a small amount to a confederate, 
only to entrap some unsuspecting one and defraud 
him of his money. 

Every appliance for gambling could be seen, 
attended by drunkenness and debauchery to the 
last degree. The argument that the improvement 
of the breed of horses was the object had no 
weight when morality and good government were 
considered. 

Very soon the better class of citizens took the 
necessary steps to abate it, and meetings were held 
to express public opinion on this subject. Peti- 
tions were largely signed and efforts made to pro- 
cure a general law against horse-racing in the 
State. This met with a determined opposition, 
but was at hist brought about, much to the relief 
of the people in this vicinity. 

Being found unprofitable to the owners, evidence 
of decay was already seen in the buildings and 
grounds, and it gradually lost its popularity as a 
place of resort. The rowdy clement at last pre- 
dominated, and lowered the standard of respecta- 
bility which at first surrounded the place. The 
original proprietors withdrew and rented the 
premises to others less careful of its reputation, 
which made it still more unpopular. 

The sporting community of 1845 was greatly ex- 
cited at the meeting of two celebrated horses — 
Peytona and Fashion — at the Long Island race- 
course, and where Fashion, " the queen of the 
turf," was beaten. Within the next month the 
same animals were again brought together on the 
Camden and Philadelphia track, when and where 
Fashion won back her laurels, so unexpectedly 
taken from her. 

The great contest of years ago between Eclipse 
and Sir Henry (the North against the South), at 
Long Island, created no more interest than this 
match, and the admirers of the " little mare " were 
glad of a chance for a second race. The event 
filled every available space with anxious specta- 
tors, and during the first heat the grand stand gave 
way, and many persons were injured. 



THK TOWNSHIP OF HADDOX. 



65:5 



But little nicing took place there after that time, 
and in January, 1847, William R. Johnson con- 
veyed the property to Samuel Bettle, who, during 
the nest year, removed every building devoted to 
the previous uses, and restored the land again to 
agricultural purposes. The hotel stood fronting 
the Camden and White Horse turnpike, and near 
the site of the present residence of the Hon. Ed- 
ward Bettle, and was a large and imposing edifice. 
The track lay to the east of the hotel, with two 
circular and two straight "quarters," and ex- 
tended to the residence of William Bettle, Esq. 
The estate is now divided between and occupied 
by the two last-named gentlemen. 

COLLINGSWOOD.— Collingswood is on the Rob- 
ert Turner tract, which some time later came to 
Jacob Stokes. The old Ferry road, or Camden and 
Haddonfield turnpike, passes through it. The 
houses standing on or near the site prior to its be- 
ginning were the old Bartcm house and the Barton 
school-house, and about one mile from it, on the 
CoUings or Gloucester road, formerly stood a Bap- 
tist Church, which was built in 1843 and dedicated 
November 30th, Rev. J. E. Welch preaching the 
dedicatory sermon, and the congregation was 
served first by Rev. John Sisty, of Haddonfield. 
Rev. Charles Sexton was pastor for several years 
and was succeeded by Rev. Walter Potter, who 
was the last regular pastor. Services were aban- 
doned several years ago and the building is now 
used as a dwelling-house. About three-quarters 
of a mile away stand the Newton Mills, now- 
owned by J. J. Schnitzius. The old Barton school- 
house was built before 1800 and was abandoned 
many years ago. The present school-house was 
built about five years ago. 

Stonetown, a hamlet on the turnpike near by, is 
a collection of twenty dwellings, built by Isaiah 
Stone, who about 1850 purchased a small tract of 
land of the Cooper estate and built a few dwell- 
ings. A meeting-house was built at this place 
under the auspices of the Methodists, about 1858, 
by the Rev. Mr. Felty. It was used several years 
and then abandoned for regular service and is now 
the property of Edward C. Knight. A Sunday- 
school has been kept for several years by Richard 
T. Collings. The old Barton house, about 1860, 
was changed into a tavern and kept by Theodore 
Zimmerman, who, in 1861, enlisted in the army. 
The tavern was then kejit for a time by a Mr. 
Woods and later by Malilon V. Van Voskirk for 
many years, and who is yet in possession of it. 
Collingswond was made a station in 1871 and a 
fine depot was built in the spring of 1885. A store 
building was erected in 18R2 by J. Stokes Collings 



and a store opened, which is still kept by him. In 
the fall of 1885 another was erected by Elmer E. 
McGill, in which he established business and soon 
after sold to H. R. Tatem and T. II. Ashtou. A 
drug store has been recently opened. A tract of 
forty acres of land was recently purchased by Rich- 
ard T. Collings, Elmer E. McOill and others of 
^Villiam T. Tatem, lying south of the railroad and 
fronting on the Collings or Gloucester road, which 
has been laid out into streets and lots. Fifteen or 
twenty lots are now sold and a number of cottages 
will be erected the present season (1886). A post- 
office was established a few jears ago, with J. 
Stokes Collings as postmaster. 

Westmont.— The village of Westmont lies be- 
tween Collingswood and Haddonfield, and was 
formerly called Rowandtown, from the family of 
Rowands, that over a hundred years ago owned the 
larm on which it is situated. John Rowand was 
a blacksmith and had a shop at the place, and 
Jacob Rowand later opened a store, which after a 
few years was closed, and later opened by Dayton 
Deval. It was made a flag station on the Camden 
and Atlantic Railroad and named Glenwood, and 
later the name was changed to Westmont. Thomas 
Anderson kept a wheelwright shop at the place 
many years. A school-house is situated in the 
town. A religious society was organized in 1883 
under the name of the Shiloh Baptist Church. 
Rev. T. W. Wilkinson was the first pastor. He was 
succeeded by the Rev. T. W. Bromley, the present 
pastor. Dr. J. N. Hobensack, son of Dr. J. B. 
Hobeusack, is laying out lots in the town, which 
is growing quite rapidly and bids fair to be a 
thriving village. 

A short distance from the town of Westmont 
James Flinn & Co., in 1872, established the Crys- 
tal Lake Paint and Color Works, for the manufac- 
ture of white lead, zinc, ready-mixed paints and 
all colored paints. The works are in operation, 
under the name of the Westmont Paint Works. 

About twenty years since, David U. Morgau 
ventured in a new enterprise of manufacture, and 
established himself in Haddon township about one 
mile from Cuthbert's Station on the line of the 
Camden and Atlantic Railroad in the prepa- 
ration of the finer qualities of paper for use 
by photogr.iphers, which has developed into a 
success. He imports from France the quality of 
paper needed, and by a chemical preparation of 
albumen — known to himself — produces a material 
popular among that class of artists. His reputa- 
tion for this kind of goods is extensive, and he 
competes with the German producers. Previous 
to this he had, while residing in Philadelphia, 



654 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



made a series of experiments which culminated in 
the business now pursued by him. 

He has reclaimed the marsh land bounding on 
Coopers Creek, by banking, and secured many 
acres of valuable meadow, a thing seldom done in 
these days. He is a son of David B. and Hannah 
(French) Morgan, and was born at Chews Landing. 

BIOGRAPHICAL. 

J. Ogden Cuthbert.— The family of Cuthbert 
trace their origin from the county of Northumbria, 
in the north of England. The name is variously 
known as Cubbert, Colbert and Quivert in the 
Erse language. The bishop of Lindisfern, in the 
time of King Alfred, was of the family, and by 
reason of revolution about the time of the death 
of thebishop, the family and kindred were obliged 
to seek refuge in Inverness, Scotland, where they 
were under the patronage of King Alfred. For 
their services they were granted the freedom of 
being burgesses and the rights of the lands of 
Drakies in vassalage, which they still possess. 
This influence induced the Baron of Dacies to give 
the vassalage of the lands of Mackery, which also 
they hold. It was long after and about 950 
that they obtained from the King, in recom- 
pense for their constant and distinguished ser- 
vices, the lands that comprise the barony of 
Castlehill, which they obtained as a royal holding, 
in fee with a fortified castle under the burden of 
a subject to military service. 

Prior to the eleventh century the family was 
known simply by the name of George, such sur- 
names only beiug used in the Highlands. In the 
time of the invasion of Edward I. the family 
chose for an armorial bearing a "Quiver in pale 
azure, armed Gules in a field Or," as being the 
most expressive symbol of their wisdom. 

After peace was declared, the family took for a 
crest a naked hand, holding an olive branch, and 
for a motto " Perit and Recte," and in the twelfth 
century the family were known as Quivert or Qui- 
bert, with, for the chief, the patronymic MacGeorge_ 

Upon the union ot the Highland clans under the 
name of Scots, the Pict language became the lan- 
guage of the court, state and Parliament. The 
family then obtained the name of Cuthbert or 
■Cudbert, from aith, which signifies skill, and 
bert, illustrious, which name the bishop of Lin- 
disfern received in the Erse language as Quivert. 

Part of the family went to England and France, 
and passed under the name of Colbert. One of 
the family came to Cork, from whom the family 
in this country descended. In the early part of 
the eighteenth century Thomas Cuthbert emi- 



grated from Ireland and settled in Philadelphia; 
other members of the family, who emigrated about 
the same time, settled in the South and Canada, 
where their descendants are numerous. Thomas 
had a large family of children, one of whom, 
Anthony, was born in Philadelphia in 1750. He 
was educated in that city and married there. He 
joined the army in the Revolution and was lieu- 
tenant in Captain Moulder's Company of Artillery 
and received a captain's commission April 15, 
1780, and was placed in command of the Smith 
Company of Artillery. While absent in the army 
his property in the city was destroyed by the 
British. He was one of the committee appointed 
to build the Market Street bridge. He received 
as his reward for ftiithful performance of this 
duty a silver pitcher and resolution of thanks. 
He was for many years a member of Select Coun- 
cil and chosen by the united action of both parties, 
so faithful was he to the interests in his charge. 

He was one of the committee chosen to erect 
Fairmount water-works. He was twice married, 
and his last wife was Mary Ogden, daughter of 
Joseph Ogden. He died in 1832. Their children 
were J. Ogden. Allen, Samuel, George, Elizabeth 
Mary and Lydia. J. Ogden, now of Haddon 
township, is the only surviving brother. Elizabeth, 
married Algernon S. Roberts ; Lydia became the 
wife of Joseph M. Thomas, both of whom resided 
in Philadelphia, and are deceased. 

J. Ogden Cuthbert was born in Philadelphia, 
September 23, 1800. At the age of seventeen he 
was apprenticed to Joseph and Samuel Keen to 
learn the trade of currier. After serving his time 
his father purchased for him a farm in West 
Philadelphia, which he still owns. In 1850 he 
bought the farm on the Old Ferry road, Haddon 
township, Camden County, on which he now 
lives. He was married to Elizabeth S. Coles, 
daughter of Kendall Coles, April 3, 1823. Their 
children were Mary C, Anthony (deceased), 
Joseph Ogden, Jr., Allen and Henry C. The 
children are settled in the county and are all well- 
known and respected. J. Ogden Cuthbert has 
always been of a retiring disposition, preferring the 
quiet of home to the more stirring events of 
political life. He has followed farming since the 
close of his apprenticeship, and is now, at the age 
of eighty-six, hale and vigorous. A golden wed- 
ding was celebrated in 1873, and a few months after 
Mrs. Cuthbert died. He is in religion an Episco- 
palian, and has held the position of warden of 
Grace Church, Haddonfield, for over thirty years. 
His son, Henry C, was a member of 32d Regt., Pa. 
Vols, Starr's Battery, Co. " L," during the late war. 




^ 




THE TOWNSHIP OF WATERFORD. 



CHAPTEK XIII. 

Topography— The" Mntlack Family— The Collins'- Organization- 
Glendale M. E. Church— Gibbsboro — Lucas Paint Works — Church 
of St. John in the Wilderness— Berlin — "Long a.Coiuing— Busi- 
ness Beginnings— Societies — Library — Churches — Berlin Cemetery 
— Village cf .\tco — Societies and Churches— Chesilhuret- Water- 
ford Village— Churches— "Shanes Castle," The Woos Brothers 
and the Beginning of Catholicism. 

Waterford is one of the original townsliip.s of 
the old county of Gloucester, dating its existence 
from 1695. Its bounds have been changed on a 
number of occasions, its present limits being as 
follows: On the north and east is Burlington 
County, the Atsion River being the boundary line 
in part; on the southeast, boundary of Atlantic 
County ; on the south the townships of Winslow 
and Gloucester, the boundary line being irregu- 
lat- to include Berlin and also Coopers Creek, 
which is the southwestern line ; on the west 
and north is the township of Delaware, which was 
included in its territory until 1844. Near the 
middle of the township is the divide, a pine- 
covered ridge about two hundred feet above tide- 
water, which is the source of the principal streams. 
Coopers Creek and its affluents flow into the Del- 
aware, while beyond the water-shed are the Great 
and Little Egg Harbor Rivers and the tributary 
streams connected therewith. Formerly they 
yielded water-power, which was used to operate 
saw-mills, nearly every stream being utilized. 
Much of the land adjoining these streams has 
been utilized to produce cranberry marshes. The 
surface is mainly level and was originally covered 
with a heavy growth of timber, the pine and 
cedar predominating. The process of removing 
these forests was slow and laborious, and settle- 
ment, consequently, was much retarded, especially 
in the central and southern parts. In these local- 
ities the soil is sandy or sandy loam, and better 



adapted for fruit culture than the cereals. The 
northwestern section is underlaid by a very rich 
deposit of green sand marl, whose use has made 
this one of the best agricultural sections in the 
State. Before the use of this valuable fertilizer 
many of the farms were poorly tilled and held to 
be of little value. The construction of a railroad 
through the township and the use of the fertiliz- 
ing agent nature has so freely provided have 
wrought wonderful changes in the appearance of 
the country, which has now well-tilled fields and 
very attractive farm improvements. The Camden 
and Atlantic Railroad traverses nearly the entire 
length of the township, and east of the central 
part the New Jersey Southern Railroad crosses the 
territory diagonally in its course to New York 
City. Easy communication is thus afforded with 
the great cities of the countiy, which has enhanced 
the value of real estate. 

The first settlements were made in what is now 
the township of Delaware, the preference being 
given to localities near tide-water, which afforded 
the only means of communication at that early 
period. Later, after roads were cut out, locations 
were made in the interior. 

In the lower part of the township, on Coopers 
Creek and near the Delaware township line, the 
Matlacks made early and important improvements. 
William Matlack, the head of the family in New 
Jersey, lived in Burlington County, but purchased 
large tracts of land in what is now Waterford 
township in the early part of the last century, upon 
which he settled his children. In 1701 he bought 
of Richard Heritage one thousand acres of land 
on both sides of the south branch of Coopers 
Creek, around and near Kirkwood, lying in 
what is now the townships of Gloucester and 
Waterford. In 1714 he gave his son George five 
hundred acres of the land in Waterford, upon 

655 



656 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



which George had settled some years previously. 
His house stood on the south side of the present 
Haddonfield and Berlin road, near Glendale. He 
built a saw-mill on Coopers Creek, which, in later 
years, was called "Hilliard's" mill, but which 
went to ruin many years ago. After the decease 
of George Matlack the land was divided and now 
constitutes several good farms. In 1717 William 
Matlack purchased two hundred acres of land of 
John Estaugh, attorney of John Haddon, lying in 
what is now Waterford and Delaware townships, 
near Glendale. Here his son Richard settled in 
1721 — the same year that he had married Rebecca 
Haijies, of Burlington County. Upon this tract of 
land is the Matlack burial-ground, containing the 
graves of the older branches of the family, where 
Benjamin, a son of Richard, was the first person 
interred. Richard Matlack himself died in 1778, 
and was the second person there interred. The 
following year his farm was sold to William Todd, 
and later Richard M. Cooper became the owner of 
the land, which is now the farm of Alexander 
Cooper, who is in the maternal line a descendant 
of Richard Matlack. In 1714 William Matlack 
gave his son Timothy the remaining part of the 
Heritage lands, in Waterford township, upon 
which he built a house and settled. This house 
stood near Glendale, on the present Ephraim 
Tomlinson farm. In 1720 Timothy Matlack mar- 
ried Mary Haines and probably settled on his 
farm about that time. He lived there but a few 
years, as in 1726 he moved to Haddonfield, where 
he erected a house and kept a store. He was the 
father of Timothy Matlack, of Philadelphia, who 
was secretary of the Continental Congress for some 
time. 

In 1732 the elder Timothy Matlack again lived 
in the township, but that year sold out his farm of 
three hundred and nineteen acres to his brother 
Richard, and took up his residence permanently 
at Haddonfield. John Matlack, another i?on of 
William and brother of the foregoing, purchased 
two hundred acres of land of Francis Collins, in 
1705, upon which he settled three years later, when 
he was married to Hannah Horner. The house 
he built on this farm stood more than one hundred 
and fifty years, when it was taken down to make 
room for the fine mansion owned by the heirs of 
John Wilkins, the present proprietors of part of 
the tract. John Matlack removed to Haddon- 
field before the Revolution, where he built the 
house now owned by Isaac A. Braddock. 

The Matlack lands in Waterford and Delaware 
at one time aggregated more than fifteen hundred 
acres, all of which has passed out of the name. 



John Collins (the son of John), who was the 
grandson of Francis Collins, settled in Waterford 
township, near Glendale, building a large brick 
house. This no longer remains. He became the 
owner of considerable real estate in that region be- 
fore his decease, in 1768. His wife survived him, 
and his child, Mary, became the wife of Samuel 
Hugg, of Gloucester. She dying without issue, the 
property, by the terms of her father's will, passed 
absolutely to John and Job Collins, sons of Francis 
Collins, Jr., who lived on the Waterford property 
some time. But the entire property has long since 
passed out of the name and family. 

The names of other settlers appear in connection 
with the villages where they resided. 

Civil Organization. — On the 1st of June, 
1695, the grand jury of Gloucester County made 
return to the court, in which it was declared that, 
" Whereas there was a law made by ye last assem- 
bly for dividing ye county into particular town- 
ships, therefore they (the jury) agree and order 
'that from Pensaukin or Cropwell River to 
the lowermost branch of Coopers Creek shall 
be one constabulary or township,' which received 
the name of Waterford, it is supposed, from a 
resemblance of the lower part of the territory to a 
fishing town on the Barrow, in Ireland. Edward 
Burrough was appointed constable for the year 
in ' ye upper township.' " 

Waterford, as erected at this time, extended 
from the Delaware River, southeastward, between 
the two creeks Pensaukin and Coopers, to an indefi- 
nite head-line of the county, which was not accu- 
rately determined until 1765, when Samuel 
Clement made a survey and established the same. 
The township was thus about thirty miles long, 
extending from the Delaware to the head-line just 
named, and following the windings of the Pensau- 
kin and Coopers Creeks, in some places scarcely 
two miles wide. It retained this form until 1844, 
when all that part below the Evesham road was 
set off to form Delaware township, which was sub- 
divided to form the township of Stockton. The 
area of Waterford is about seventy square miles. 

The records prior to 1850 have not been pre- 
served, making the compilation of a complete list 
of the principal officers, from the organization of 
the township to the present time, an impo.ssibility. 
Since the period named the following have been the 

TOWNSHir CLERKS. 

lS.in-61.— Wm. J. Rogers. 1864-05.— George Watson. 

1S52.— John W. Thackara. 1866.— Thomas T. Smith. 

1853-54.- Corneliua T. Peacock. l,S67-73.—Eayre Sharp. 

1855-56.— Isaac S. Peacock. 18"-t-76.— Wm. H. Norcrosfi. 

1857-60.— Gamaliel P. Marple. 1877.— Robert 'Wills. 

1861-63.— Wm. J. Rogers. 187S-86.— Eayro Sharp. 



THK TOWNSIIIF op WATKUFOHD. 



657 



ASSESSORS. 

185 1-51.— Joseph G. Shinli. lSf.7-08.— Josei.h ,S. Kead. 

1^62.— Isaac L. Lowe. 1860-72.— William Thorn. 

1863. -Marmaduke Beckley. 1873 —William Davis. 

18.54-56.— William Penn. 1874-76.— Robert F. Wood. 

1857.— Isaac S. Peacock. 1877-80.— Wm. Thorn. 

1858-CO.— Win. Penn. 1881-86.— Thomas S. Thorn 
1861-66.— Gamaliel B. Mai-pW. 

COLLKCT'iRS. 

lS.W-51.— Job. L. Tharknra. 1864-70— Samuel S. Picklei 

1852-56.— Joseph S. Read. 1871-76.— Thomas S. Thorn 

1856-61.— Brazillia W. Bennett. 1877-84 -J. Curtis Davis. 

1862-63.- Joshua P. Shai-p. 1886-86.— Wm. H. Norcross 



1850.— Joseph L. Tharkara. ISfiS.— Manlej I. Peacock. 

Washington Schlosser. ISd'J.- Josiah C. Engle. 

1855.— Joseph J. Rogers. 1874-79.- B. W. Bennett. 

1856.— Eichard StafToid. 1880.— Salmon Giddings. 

18.57.— Brazillia W. Bennett. 1884 —B. W. Bennett. 

1858.— Jesse Peterson. ]8S5.—Saliiion Giddings. 

1862-67.- Brazillia W. Bennett. 1886 —Samuel Layer. 

For many years the annual elections were held 
at the public-houses at Berlin, but in 1873 the 
township purchased the old school building at this 
place and converted the same into a town hall, 
where these meetings have since been held. Being 
large and centrally located, it is well adapted for 
its use. 

GLEN DALE. 

Glendale is a small hamlet two miles from Kirt- 
wood, consisting of a store, church and half a 
dozen dwellings. The business stand was erected 
in 1851, by Ephraira Tomlinson, who ojiened a store 
there, placing it in charge of Thomas Ro'gers, who 
had previously carried on his store at Laurel Mills. 
Tomlinson was also appointed postmaster, holding 
that position until the office was discontinued. 
David Middleton and Robert Wood were also store- 
keepers, the latter a long term of years. For a 
long time Glendale was an excellent trading-point, 
and a second store w'as opened by Josiah C. Engle, 
occupying the building on the corner opposite, 
which is now his residence. This store was dis- 
continued after a few years, but the old stand is still 
occupied by George Stafford, though the place has 
lost its former activity. 

The only public-house in this locality was the 
Cross Keys Tavern, on the public road to Gibbs- 
boro', which was kept many years by Asa Van- 
sciver, Elwood Wolohon Joseph Bates, Britton 
Ayers, John Elwell and others. As long as the 
road was much traveled, before the railroad was 
built, the patronage of the house was good, but its 
usefulness departed many years ago. The building 
has been removed, .and there is scarcely a reminder 
of the old hostelry. 

The soil at Glendale appears to be specially 
adapted for the cultivation of small fruits, and 



Glendale berries have become widely known. In 
1882 Josiah C. Engle had in cultivation one-third 
of an acre of strawberries, which yielded him six 
hundred and twenty-five dollars, an amount so 
large that it attracted general attention. Among 
the principal growers of this fruit at Glendale are 
Josiah 0. Engle, John Bobbins, E. W. Coffin, 
Montgomery Stafford and a few others. 

Glendale Methodlst Episcopal Church is 
a small frame building, on a .stone basement, 
which is used for school purposes. It stands on a 
lot of ground donated by Alexander Cooper, who 
also gratuitously furnished the stone in the build- 
ing. The house was erected about 1855, by the 
neighbors, for the purpose of securing a building 
convenient for both church and school use. Among 
those interested in promoting these objects were 
Richard Stafford, Catherine Engle, Nixon Davis, 
Jo.seph C. Stafford, Jesse Peterson, Israel Riggins, 
Theodore Bishop and Montgomery Stafford. Most 
of these adhered to the Methodist Church, and 
also constituted the first members of the class or- 
ganized before the house was built. The appoint- 
ment was for many years supplied in connection 
with Greenland and other churches. While con- 
nected with Berlin, twenty-six years ago, the Rev. 
Thomas Hanlon, at that time a young man, was 
the preacher in charge, and, under his ministry, 
the church had the greatest accession of members. 
Removals have diminished the number, so that 
in 1886 but thirty belonged. At the same time the 
trustees were Slontgoniery Stafford, John Bates, 
Jehu Engle, Jacob Acey and Charles Brown. 

Ashland is a station on the Camden and At- 
lantic Railroad, on the Delaware township line. 
A post-office of the same nanie has been re- 
cently established, and Amos Ebert appointed 
postmaster. Aside from these, no other interests 
have been created. 

GIBBSBORO'. 

Gibbsboro' is a village of two hundred and fifty- 
five inhabitants, two miles from Kirkwood and 
nearly the same distance from Glendale, and near 
the site of a saw-mill built by Enoch Core as early 
as 1731. It is important on account of the loca- 
tion of the paint and color works of John Lucas 
& Co., the proprietors of the village site. Its pop- 
ulation is composed almost wholly of the em- 
ployees of the works, many of them, through the 
liberality of John Lucas, owning their own homes. 
Additions have been recently completed, and with 
the prospect of having a branch rtiilway from the 
Camden and Atlantic Railroad, the future of the 
place has become correspondingly bright. Besides 
the works of John Lucas & Co. there is a fine 



65S 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Episcopal cliapel,a number of beautiful residences, 
with attractive grounds, and several stores. At 
the older stand, Thomas Henderson was first in 
trade. In June, 1881, J. S. Clark began merchan- 
dising at the second .stand, and since February 
5, 1883, has served as postmaster of the Gibbs- 
boro' office, established at that time. 

The Gibbsboeo' White Lead, Zinc and 
CoLOE Works. — These extensive works, employ- 
ing a large number of men and creating prosperity 
in all the region round about them, were estab- 
lished by Mr. John Lucas, who commenced the 
paint business in Philadelphia in 1849. He was 
led to choose this locality on the head of Coopers 
Creek by the consideration that the water in the 
ponds or lakes here was of just the proper and 
necessary quality for the manufacture of certain 
specialties in paint, which, by experiment, he had 
discovered, or, it may not improperly be said, in- 
vented. He found the water free from lime and 
iron -salts — an absolute requisite for the production 
of unchangeable colors — and purchased a large 
estate, upon which was an old grist and saw-mill. 
Here he began manufacturing in a small way, 
making use of the old water-power, which, how- 
ever, was soon superseded by steam. The works 
were enlarged from time to time as the demands 
for the products of the factory rapidly increased, 
and to the list of the colors manufactured were 
added all those which he had formerly im- 
ported. Mr. Lucas has also gradually extended 
his land possessions, with a view to securing con- 
trol of the water supply and its surroundings, and 
thus maintaining its purity. While this has been 
the motive of successive land purchases, another ef- 
fect has resulted, which redounds to the advantage 
of the emjiloyees, for the proprietor has been ena- 
bled to sell such of them as wish to locate in the 
neighborhood, building lots, or larger tracts of land 
on a most liberal system of advances and easy pay- 
ments. Any employee can, in a few years, provide 
himself with a home, with many comforts and 
pleasant surroundings. 

The products of the works, as the name implies, 
are white lead, zinc and all kinds of paints. A 
full line of varnitihes is also manufactured. Some 
idea of the magnitude of the works is conveyed 
by the statement that the grinding and crushing 
machinery have a capacity of sixty thousand 
pounds per day. The best machinery known to 
the trade is in use in the several departments, and 
whatever is new, or whatever ingenuity can sug- 
gest in the way of improved processes, is readily 
adopted. There is an extensive laboratory in con- 
nection with the works, in which experiments are 



constantly being made, and in which practical 
experience and theoretical knowledge are united 
to produce the best results attainable. This de- 
partment is under the supervision of Mr. Lucas' 
sons, Alliert and Harry S. Lucas. Three other 
sons, John T., William E. and James F., also fill 
positions of responsibility in these extensive works. 

Mr. John Lucas has given his business close atten- 
tion and made many practical improvements in the 
manufacture of lead and paint, as the result of his 
study. In October, 1870, he took out letters-patent 
for a combination apparatus for the manufacture 
of painters' and paper- stainers' colors, which effects 
a saving of fully fifty per cent, in labor alone ; in 
1872 he procured a patent for preparing pure lin- 
seed-oil liquid paints, and in 1878 he patented an 
improved process for corroding and manufacturing 
white lead. 

The house has offices and stores at 141-143 
North Fourth Street and 322-330 Race Street, 
Philadelphia, and at 84 Maiden Lane, New York, 
in which city the first office was opened at 122 
West Broadway, in 1869. 

John Lucas,' manufacturing chemist, was born 
at Stone, Staffordshire, England, November 25, 
1823. He is the eldest son of Thomas Lucas, of 
the same place, and a descendant of John Lucas, 
of Ashbourn, Derbyshire, the warm friend and 
companion of the celebrated Izaak Walton. He 
received a liberal education at Fieldplace Com- 
mercial Academy, near his native town, which 
having terminated, he entered the store and 
counting-room of his father, who was a grocer and 
tea dealer, where he remained for a short time. 
Finding, however, that mercantile pursuits were 
not to his taste, he commenced the study of agri- 
cultural chemistry. His progress in this and its 
kindred branches was so marked that to it he 
owes his present attainments as a manufacturer. 
As he desired to see something of the world 
before selecting his future home, he left England, 
in 1844, for a visit to the United States and the 
Canadas. He was so well pleased with tlie former 
that on his return to England he made the neces- 
sary arrangements for immigrating and becoming 
an American citizen. It was in 1849 that he 
finally quitted the "old country," and it was to 
Philadelphia that he directed his steps. On his ar- 
rival, with the usual energy and activity which 
have ever marked his life, he entered at once into 
business, and for a while pursued the calling of a 
foreign commission and shipping merchant. He 
represented several large European manufacturing 
houses, selling good F. O. B. in Europe, or 

1 From the Biographical Encyclopwdia of Pennsylvania. 



THE TOWNSHIP OF WATKRFOKl). 



65!) 



importing to order. His first store was at No. 1^3 
North Front Street, wliere he confined himself al- 
most exclusively to paints and colors, or materials 
used in the manufacture of the same; but finding 
it a difficult matter to ascertain — through the 
medium of the wholesale trade — the most desirable 
articles needed in the American market and by 
painters, he took a large store on Fourth Street, 
north of Arch, the locale then, as now, of the 
paint and color trade, and himself served behind 
the counter, thus coming into direct contact with 
the practical painter, for the purpose of discover- 
ing what were his actual requirements. By this 
means he learned that a good green paint[was needed 
to take the place of the Paris or arsenical green, 
so deficient in body and so injurious to those using 
the same. Now, his proficiency in chemistry was 
of immense service to him, and, after repeated 
experiments, he discovered a method of producing 
the required article, and has received letters- 
patent for valuable improvements in the ma- 
chinery requisite in manufacturing the same. 

In 1852, for the purpose of extending his busi- 
ness, he associated himself with Joseph Foster, a 
relation of his, who was an old and experienced 
color manufacturer. They removed their estab- 
lishment to No. 130 Arch Street, and he purchased 
a tract of land in Camden County, N. J., on which 
there was a large sheet of remarkably pure water, 
entirely devoid of iron or lime (the head-waters of 
Coopers Creek). Thereon he erected the " Gibbs- 
boro' White-lead, Zinc and Color Works." The 
purity of the water enabled him to produce 
the beautiful permanent "Swiss'' and "Imperial 
French Greens," now so favorably known and so 
extensively used throughout the United States 
and the Dominion. The perfection to which he 
has brought the white oxide of zinc, eflected by 
continued and careful chemical experiments, may 
be understood when it is stated that the best 
judges of the article have pronounced it to be 
not only superior to any manufactured in this 
country, but fully equal to the world-renowned 
Vieulle Montaigne Company's production. The 
pulp steel and Chinese blue and primrose chrome 
yellows have superseded the French and English, 
and are now used by all the leading paper-hanging 
manufacturers in the United States. In 1857 
Joseph Foster withdrew from the firm, when the 
senior partner was joined by his brother, William 
H. Lucas, who took charge of the salesroom and 
financial department, leaving the former at liberty 
to devote his sole attention to the manufacturing 
and chemical departments, a plan which has 
enabled the firm to attain that pre-eminence they 



now hold in the trade. Having become an Ameri- 
can citizen by naturalization, he h:is ever since 
idcnlifled himself with every national movement. 
At the outbreak of the Rebellion, in 1861, he 
threw all his heart and energy into the Union 
cause, and took active part in organizing, drilling 
and equipping volunteers for the army. The 
location of his large interests in New Jersey has 
naturally caused him to feel a deep interest in the 
prosperity of the Camden and Atlantic Railroad, 
of which he has been for some years a director, 
and of which he also served as president from 
1876-77, and through it in the welfare of the town 
at its terminus on the sea-coast. His works, near 
"White-Horse Station," contribute revenue in no 
small degree to the road from the amount of 
freight shipped and received at that i)oint. Per- 
sonally, he is genial and affable, combining the 
shrewd man of business with the polished gentle- 
man; while among the mercantile community his 
name for honesty and integrity has no superior. 

John Lucas was, upon September 6, 1854, united 
in marriage with Harriet Annie Bown (born May 
27, 1836), only daughter of Abraham and Ellen 
Bown, of Philadelphia, both born in England. 
They have been the parents of fifteen children, 
twelve of whom are living — eight sons and four 
daughters, viz. : John Thomas, William Edward, 
.lames Foster, Albert, Harry Spencer, Joseph 
Wilson, Robert Suddard, S. Barton, Harriet Annie 
(now Mrs. Charles A. Potter), Ellen Bown, Eliza- 
beth Sanders and Frances Ethel. Mrs. Lucas was 
instrumental in building the Episcopal Church at 
Gibbsboro'— "St. John's in the Wilderness" — and 
a rectory is nearing completion as a result of her 
well-directed energy. In Philadelphia she is 
identified with the Chinese and Italian Missions 
and the Indian Rights Society and is a manager 
in several institutions, the last being the Hayes 
Mechanics' Home, on Belmont Avenue. She is 
also president of the Women's Silk Culture Asso- 
ciation of the United States. 

Protkstant Episcopal Church of St. John 
IN THE Wilderness.' — ^After a residence of several 
years in the village of Gibbsboro', during which 
time the increa.se of population had l)een consider- 
able, it became a matter of duty, as well as a work 
of love, to Mr. John Lucas and others of the color 
works, to provide a church for the regular oppor- 
tunities of service to God. It seemed proper, after 
years of prosperity, to thus acknowledge his bless- 
ings, and in this spirit work was begun and the cor- 
ner-stone of the church edifice laid October 1, 
1882. Bishop John Scarborough officiated, and in 

1 By Mrp. .Fohn Liiras. 



660 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY, 



his address emphasized the duty manufacturera 
and other employers owe to their employees, and 
urged them to have a care for their spiritual as well 
as their bodily needs. On June 24, 1883, the church 
was consecrated and deeded to the diocese, as a 
free-will gift, in a state of full completion. It is a 
handsome frame structure in the Gothic style of 
architecture, with a slated roof, relieved by a neat 
belfry. The interior has a modern finish, the 
windows being stained glass and the furniture of 
unique design and rich constructiou. The out- 
side surroundings are also very pleasing, the 
grounds being well set with trees and shrubbery, 
causing the place to be one of the most attractive 
in the village. The entire cost of the property 
was more than eight thousand dollars, much the 
greater part of which was borne by John Lucas. 

In the spring of 1886 Luciau Woo.ster donated a 
lot of ground to the trustees of the church upon 
which they will erect a rectory the coming sum- 
mer, and it is also proposed to erect a St. John's 
guild-hou.se, the ensuing year, for literary meetings 
and entertainments, and to establish a reading- 
room in connection. It is believed that such a 
measure will contribute to a fund to extend the 
usefulness of the church and to awaken an interest 
in its work. A plat of ground will also be pre- 
pared as a God's acre, where may be placed the 
mortal remains of those who had their habitation 
here and who, in death, can repose in the shadow 
of the church where they worshipped. 

On St. John's day of each year a confirmation 
class of from six to ten have been presented to the 
bishop, and the doctrines and teachings of the 
Protestant Episcopal Church have been eagerly 
accepted, especially by the young of the village. 
The church has a flourishing Sabbath-school of 
seventy scholars and there are also connected with 
It a sewing guild, an entertainment guild, and a 
beneficial association at. the works for the benefit 
of the men of Gibbsboro' and vicinity, all proving 
valuable adjuncts. 

The first rector of the church was the Rev. 
James W. Ashton, formerly of the Grace Protes- 
tant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia, but now 
rector of St. Stephen's, Olean, N. Y. He began 
his ministry here in the school-house December 1, 
1882, and continued until March 3, 1883, when he 
left for his present parish. The Rev. Ezra Isaac 
became the next, rector conducting an earnest min- 
istry for a period of one year and nine months, 
until continued sickness caused him to resign and 
return to his home at Bordentown. The present 
rector, the Rev. John R. Moses, took charge of the 
church March 9, 1885, and here received his 



degree as a minister. His labors have been earn- 
est and, having the co-operation of his members, 
St. John's in the Wilderness will become a potent 
factor among the religious influences of the town- 
ship. 

BERLIN. 

Berlin is the oldest village in the township and 
ranks as one of the oldest settlements in the upper 
part of the county. Its present name is of recent 
adoption, the place being known for more than a 
hundred years as Long-a-Coming. There is a tra- 
dition that this term originated as follows : " In 
the latter part of the seventeenth century, while 
some sailors were toiling along the Indian trail 
from the coast, to Philadelphia, wearied by the 
•hot summer's sun, fatigued and thirsty, they 
momentarily expected to find a stream where 
they had been told they might obtain pure water. 
But hour after hour they were doomed to disap- 
pointment, nothing but sand and pine forests ap- 
pearing on either hand. At last, when wearied to 
faintness and about yielding to despair, a beautiful 
stream came to view, shaded by pendant boughs 
and decked around with woodland flowers. 
Hastily throwing aside their packs they bounded 
to the brook, exclaiming, ' Here you are at last, 
though long-a-coming.' They told their com- 
panions about this stream and the circumstances 
connected with finding it, when the name Long-a- 
Coming was applied to the locality, by which it 
became known near and far." 

The stream in question is the main branch of 
the Great Egg Harbor River, and, being near the 
source of the same and flowing through a cedar 
swamp, the waters were pure and fresh. It was 
but natural, then, that this place should be se- 
lected for settlement many 3'ears before the lands in 
the surrounding country were located, and that 
many miles intervened between this and other set- 
tlements for a long term of years. The lands here 
were located in 1714 by Peter Rich and Richard 
Moss, the place being at that time already called 
Longa-Coming. A few rude cabins were built on 
the highest ground, where Samuel Scull afterwards 
lived and had a tavern, as early as 1760. This 
tavern was later continued by John Scull, and was, 
no doubt, a place of great accommodation to the 
travelers of that day. In 1770 John Rogers bought 
a piece of land of Scull, near the grave-yard, where 
he built a house and lived until his death. The 
farm was long known by the family name. George 
Marple lived in the same locality, having bought 
some land of Soull, which he improved. Other 
early settlers were Joseph Murrell, George Budd, 
John Thome, Joel Bodine, Jacob Phifer, Andrew 



THE TOWNSHIP OF WATERFORD. 



661 



Newman and Richard Bettle. Some of these lived 
a short distance from Long-a-Coming proper, but 
were a part of that settlement. Their improve- 
ments were meagre and for many years the farms 
were small, the principal ocouiiation of the in- 
habitants being lumbering. The products were 
hauled to Chews Landing, whence they were 
taken by boats to Philadelphia. Joel Bodine be- 
came a tavern-keeper at a later day, having his 
place in part of the present lower stand. The 
house has been enlarged and ha.s had many keepers, 
.Jose|)h S, Read and Josepii Shivers being among 
those who continued longest. Where is now the 
residence of B. W. Bennett, Thos. Wright had a 
l)ublic-house some years, but more than fifty years 
ago built part of what is now called the upper 
tavern. I^ater landlords at that place were Jacob 
Leach and Samuel S. Cake, whose fame was not 
confined to their own neighborhood; but since the 
building of railroads the glory of both of these 
old taverns has departed. 

Samuel Shreve was the first merchant of any 
prominence. About 181 1> he engaged in trade at 
the present Smith stand, continuing until 1835, 
when he removed to Burlington t^ounty. In the 
course of twenty years he returned to Berlin, set- 
tling on the present Ezra Stokes farm, where he 
died in 18t;8. He not only carried on a .store, but 
had a tannery and manufactured most of his 
leather into harness and shoes, having shops near 
by, where these trades were carried on by him. 
He also had an interest in the Waterford Glass 
Works. About the same time Thos. Wright started 
his charcoal works, thus making the upper end of 
the village a busy place. ' The tannery was dis- 
continued before 183.'), but the store was carried 
on by Joseph Shreve. Others in trade at this 
place were John Burrough, John P. Harker and 
•loseph vS. Read. The latter removed the stock to 
the old Peter Ross'store, which was built in 1849, but 
which has been long used as a residence. At the 
Shreve stand Thos. T. Smith has been in trade and 
postmaster since ISOo, following Samuel S. Cake. 
The office has four mails daily. At the lower end 
of the village Wm. Dill opened a. store sixty years 
ago, and later merchants at that stand were Josiah 
Albertson, Marmaduke Beckley and the present 
Sam'l Sickler. Near the same time John Albertson 
began trading in the present Wm. Albertson store 
continuing until 1847. A little earlier John 
Thac-kara ojioned a small store, and in the .same 
neighborhood Joseph L. Thackara traded a short 
time, in recent years, where is now the store of 
William & Samuel Haines. 

These business-places being widely separated, 
80 



the village was bnilt in a straggling manner, a 
few houses being clustered around each store, all 
being on the old liliie .\nclior road, for a mile or 
more. Noneofthes(^ lots were regularly plotted, 
but when the Camden and Atlantic Railroad lo- 
cated a station here, in ISOi;, the Land Improve- 
ment Company coiinceled with that corporation 
laid out a number »i' ac re^ into lots and sold the 
same at public auction, 'i'his induced settlement, 
and a number of fine houses were bnilt in the new 
part, which has a luaUhy location, being one 
hundred and eighty-four feet above tide-water. 
In subse(|uent years the growth was slow, the en- 
tire pojuilation in I88(! not e.Nceeding five hundred. 

The first station agent was Joseph L. Thackara ; 
the present is H. C. Sharp. ,Vt Berlin the shij)- 
ment of fruit forms a large share of the bu.sines3 
done by the railroad. Among the principal 
growers and shippers are Ezra Stokes, John C. 
Clay, John P. Harker, John Bates, Job Albertson, 
Ward Robinson, (Jeorge Robinson, Augustus Olt 
and L. Heath. Shipments of fruit have more 
than douliled in recent years, and the acreage 
around Berlin is constantly increasing. From 
1S.'J4 to 18(i2 Ezra Stokes hail a nursery near the 
village, whose business had grown to fine propor- 
tions, when the war c.-iused him to discontinue it. 

WRKiHT's Chai!(()AI, Wouk.s is the only man- 
ufacturing interest in the village aside from the 
ordinary mechanic pursuits. This business was 
begun about seventy years ago by Thomas Wright, 
the grandfather of the present proprietor, in the 
upper end of the village, near the public- house 
which he was at that time keeping. His mill was 
small, the grinding being done by a single horse. 
About 1830, Thomas B. Wright, his son, e.stab- 
lished the present works on a, scale much greater 
than the old mill, which has been abandoned. 
After his death, in 1847, his son Charles took 
charge of the bu.siuess and has since successfully 
carried on the same. iVbout twenty y(>ars ago he 
began using steam-power, whereby he was enabled 
to greatly increase the capacity of the works. In 
1886 there were seventeen retorts, capable of 
refining si.x hundred bu.shels of charcoal daily. 
The denuinds of trade require the preparation of 
the coal in various forms, the principal ones being 
pulverized and graindated. These works have 
been useful in converting the surplus tind)er sup- 
ply of this section into a commodity whose ship- 
ment is easily made and has furnished steady em- 
ployment to a number of men. In late years near- 
ly all the crude coal has been brought to the 
works from outside the county by the railroad, 
which has here a convenient si<lc-track. 



662 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



The first pnictitioiiers of nietlii^ine in this \r,ifi 
of the townshii>, after the pioneers whose circuit 
extended over the entire county, lived at Tans- 
boro', some being in jiractice here a short time 
only. Among those best remembered, after 1840, 
were Dr.s. Stout, Parham, Barrows, Risley, Grigg, 
Eicord and Leo. The latter left the place to go to 
the Mexican War. 

The veteran practitioner at Berlin is Dr. Daniel 
M. 8tout, who has here been active in his profes- 
sion for nearly forty years, serving, also, about all 
the time as townshiji physician. He has as con- 
temporaries in the same school of medicine, Dr. 
William Westcott since I880, and Dr. William O. 
Raughley since 1884. As a homccopathist. Dr. 
Robert H. Peacock has been in i)ractice a few 
years, following Dr. Bamuel H. Johnson. The 
latter had practiced about a dozen years, when he 
died at this ])lace. Other homceopathist physi- 
cians at Berlin were Dr. Joseph Shreve and Dr. 
Samuel O. Shivers, each for a few years. 

LiPi'ARD CiR(l,K, No. 14, B. U. H. F., was in- 
stituted in March, 1884, and has had a flourishing 
existence. In 1S8(> there were more than sixty 
members. The first principal officers were John 
H. Dill, Thomas R. Bradbury, Job Albertson, 
Henry Westcott, ,lohn Hampton and Howard C. 
Sharp. 

Berlin BuiLniNc; and Loan Assgiiation, 
No. 3, was chartered March 8, 188(5, and is, as its 
name indicates, the third institution of the kind 
at this place. The first was organized in 1868 and 
closed up its business inside of the seventh year. 
The second series, placed on the market in 1874, 
matured in about the same period ol' time. Asso- 
ciation No. 2 was incorporated July 8, 1872. In 
No. 3 the par viilue of a share is fixed at t\vo hun- 
dred dollars and the number of shares restricted 
to six hundred. The following composed the 
board of directors : Thomas E. Bradbury, i)resi- 
dent; Samuel E. Layer, vice-president; John P. 
Marker, secretary ; Joshua Barton, treasurer; W. 
H. Bishop, H. Snyder, S. S. Stokes, H. McCnllcy 
and G. Crum. 

These associations have been beneficial to the 
village, materially assisting in building up the 
place as well as proving profitable investments. 

Berlin Liukary Association was organized 
February 1, 1882, to establish and maintain a 
library and reading-room in the village. It owes 
its existence to the efforts of Mrs. R. H. Strong 
and Miss Lizzie Chew, two of the public school 
teachers, who were most active in this work. The 
association selected as its first officers: President, 
Joshua Barton ; Vice-President, Mrs. R. H Strong ; 



Secretary, H. (t. Smith; Treasurer, Miss S. E. 
Collins; Librarian, Benjamin F. Read; Executive 
Committee, J. L. Thackara, S. S. Stokes, H. C. 
Sharp. Soon after the library, with sixty volumes, 
was opened to the i)ublic, and has since been well 
l)atronized. In June, 188(5, the members num- 
bered thirty-five, and there were two hundred and 
eighty books in the library, besides pamphlets and 
public documents. The funds for the support of 
the library are obtained by a yearly membership 
fee of one dollar, and the proceeds arising from 
lectures and entertainments given by the associa- 
tion. This body derives much of its active support 
from the public schools, which were graded in 
1875. The aggregate attendance of the schools is 
one hundred and forty-two. The school building 
is spacious and has a beautiful location. It is the 
best public improvement in the village. About a 
mile from this Riley's Select School was located a 
few years before it was permanently established at 
Haddon field. In a sketch of that village may be 
tbund a full account of the school. 

Berlin Presbyterian Church. — Soon after 
the church at Blackwood had been built, the mis- 
sionaries who preached there visited Long-a-Com- 
ing statedly, and held meetings at this place. The 
services were held first at private houses, hut about 
1766 in the log building which had been erected 
in the grave-yard, and which was conveyed that 
year to a number of persons, in trust, most of them 
being also trustees of the Blackwood and Wood- 
bury Churches. John Brainerd, the Indian mis- 
sionary, preached here, and later Benjamin Chest- 
nut became the regular minister, so far as he could 
sujiply the wants of the congregation. Bnt who 
composed this congregation, and just when it was 
organized, cannot now be determined. John Rog- 
ers was one of the members, and Northrop Mar- 
plc another ; but it is probable that they were 
always few in number. Though deeded to Pres- 
byterian trustees, the log meeting-house was free 
to all denominations, and was occupied by travel- 
ing ministers belonging to the Friends, Episcopa- 
lians and, later. Baptists and Methodists. The 
Presbyterian congregation does not appear to have 
sustained an existence after the war, and soon after 
became wholly extinct. Mr. Satibrd said, in J 821: 
" 1 visited Long-a-Coraing at the request of Dr. 
Janeway. It is fourteen miles from Philadelphia, 
iind contains twelve or thirteen houses. Here was 
formerly a church under the care of Mr. John 
Brainerd. It is now extinct. There are, however, 
four persons residing in the place who belong to 
the Second Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia. 
They greatly desire missionary labor. Their cry 



THE TOWNSHIP OF WATER FORD. 



C63 



is, 'LidiiiP over uiiil lipl|i us.'" I'.ut it \v:w Hot 
until July 10, ISCy, that uuoIIkt (the luvsent) 
Presbyteriiin congregation wius organized. Its con- 
stituent members were Ellen M. Hunt, Kllen M. 
A.lams, Sarah W. Brace, Mrs. S. Read, Richard 
Brace, Mary S. Brace and George A. Krace. 
Richard Brace was elected the first ruling el- 
der, and was ordained July 2S, l.Stw, and the 
Rev. John B. Ednnindson became the first |ias- 
tor. The first meetings were held in the old 
Methodist Church, but on the Sth of Septendier. 
IStiS, the corner-stone of -a eliureh edifice was laid, 
which was com|>lete<l the following year at a cost 
of four thousand dollars. In 1S7() the Rev. E. 1 >. 
Newberry assumed pastoral relation to the church, 
which continued one year. In 1X71 and 1872 the 
pulpit was supplied by students from Princeton. In 
July of the latter year Elder Brace and his fam- 
ily reino\-ed, since which time the eongrei;ation 
has had no ruling elder, ajid the interest in the 
atiairs of the church have steadily declined. In 
ISSt) the members numbered ten, and services were 
only occasionally held. The church building, a 
large frame, had become clihqiidated, but was 
about being rejiaired by tlu' few devoted members 
remaining, assisted by the citizens of the village. 
Centenary Methodist Eimscui'.m. Ohukch 
was organized at Berlin sodu after l>;:;i), having 
among its early members .lohn (_'. Thaekani and 
his wife, Elizabeth, and a few others. The first 
meetings were held in the upper room of the Thack- 
ara's store building and, alter a time, in theschool- 
house on the cemetery lot. Soon after a plain frame 
meeting-house was built on the Main street of the 
village, which was used until the present e<lifice was 
occupied. This was built in ISCC — the first cen- 
tenary of American ]Meth(idism--and im the 7tli 
of December, that year, the church became an in- 
corporated body, with the above name. The trus- 
tees at that time were John P. Darker, James M. 
Peacock, .lames Duble, Joseph L. Thackara, Dan- 
iel M. Stout, (iauialiel B. Marple and .lidin A 
Cobb. 

In February, 1>!(;7, the new ehureli was conse- 
crated and the old building was soon thereafter 
conveyed to the Baptist Society of Berlin, by 
whom it has since been used as a place of worship. 
The Centenary Church is a very large frame build- 
ing, erected at a cost of eight thousand <lollars. 
This amount was a heavy burden to the congrega- 
tion, from which it was not relieved until May, 
1885, when about $2000 was raised and the 
church declared free from debt. Since that time a 
parsonage, standing on a lot adjoining the church 
property, has been purchased for eighteen bun- 



dled dollars, anil improvements made on the 
church itself. A small building, near the church, 
the gift ol' one of the members, T. T. Smith, is used 
as a cha|>td, in which business meetings are also 
held. In 1S8(; the trustees of the property were 
Dr. I). M. Stout, T.T. Smith, J. P. P. Brown, J. P. 
Darker, Dr. R. H. Peacock and Swain Thackara. 

Since 1S7(> Berlin has sustained the relation of a 
station to the Conference with which it is connected, 
and the preachers in charge have been the Revs. 
VV. C. Stockton, James K. Murrell, William i\I.ar- 
gernm, W. E. Creenbank, .bdin .loralemon, .1. S. 
Parker, H. C. Rucknian and the present, T. S. 
Willson. 

The church has niiii'ly members and a Sunday- . 
sehocil having about the same mendiership, super- 
intended by Harry G. Smith. This school was 
organized in 18:^0 by Jose|)h L. Thackara, an<l has 
been kept up since that ])eriod. 

BEKi,i>f Baptist CiitiRCH. — This church was 
organized June 7, 1874, with the following niem- 
bi'rs: N. A. Haines and wife, Peter Brodie and 
wife, Levi Lippincott and wife, Chalkly Haines 
an<l wife, \\\ O. Talcott and wife, Mr. Treat and 
wife, Mr. Murray and wife, Joseph N. Gorton, 
Ruth A. Gorton, Thomas Y. England, A. H. 
Combs, George Haines and J. (i. Rowand. The 
Rev- A. ,1. Hires i>resided as moderator. An elec- 
tion fill- ofiicers resulted in the choice of Thomas 
Y. England, as clerk; Chalkley Haines, as deacon ; 
and W. O. Talcott, L. I^ippincott, J. G. Rowand 
and the two foregoing, as trustees. 

The old Methodist meeting-house was secured 
as a church and services were now regularly held, 
and on the 'I'.Kh of July, 1875, the Rev. Tlnmias W. 
Wilkinson was ordained the first pastor, the meet- 
ing fiirthis purpose being largely attended by vis- 
iting clergymen. He remained pastor of the church 
until ISSO, and has occasionally preached since 
that time. Soon after his accession there was an 
encouraging increase of niend)ersliip, the number 
in 1878 being in the neighborhood of a hundred. 
At this time I. N. Gorton, Peter I5rodie and Wil- 
liam Haines were deacons, an<l Hillmau F. Sharp, 
clerk. The removal of some members and other 
causes led to a decline of interest in church work, 
until at present (188G) the membershiji is very 
small. The pulpit is supplied irregularly and it 
is with difficulty that the church is kept up. 

Joseph N. Ross, of Berlin, Inis in his |)osscssion 
a copy of a Bible which was published in loOil, and 
is supposed to be the oldest book of the kind in 
New Jersey. It is a small octavo volume, printed 
" at London by the Deputies of Christopher Barker, 
Printer, to the tiueeus most excellent Majestie 



664 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



1599 

Cinn jyrivilegio.^* 

Bound up Avith the Bible proper are hymns with 
tunes, the ritual of the Cliurch ol' England, and 
the 

*' Bookeof PSalmes, collected into English Meter 
by Thomas Sternhold, John Hopkins and others, 
1638." 

The book was bought in 1700 by William 
Gough, and brought to America by that family. 
Excepting the cover, the book is still in a good 
state of preservation. 

The Berlin Cemetery. — A little more than 
half a mile from the main part of the village is a 
cemetery whose history antedates the Revolution. 
Believing that his new home would become the 
centre of a large settlement, notwithstanding that it 
was so much isolated at that time, Samuel Scull 
set aside three acres of land, which should be 
sacred to the dead; and to put this purpose iu 
proper form, he conveyed the same, September 18, 
1766, to Michael Fisher, David Roe, Peter Cheese- 
man, Northrop Marple and Henry Thome, as 
trustees of a Presbyterian C'hurch ^ which had 
just been organized, and whose meetings were held 
in a log building which stood on this lot of 
ground. In making the transfer, he speaks of a 
"grave-yard thereon, near a place called Long-a- 
Coming, being near the head of the Great Egg 
Harbor River," so that, most likely, burials had 
here been made for some years. The old building 
continued to be used for school and church pur- 
poses, and after its decay was replaced by a better 
building, in which public schools were held. 
Thus the cemetery, being a public place, was kept 
up with reasonable good care until it passed under 
the management of the Berlin Cemetery Associa- 
tion, which has assured its future preservation. 
This association was formally incorporated Janu- 
ary 26, 1884, with a board of oiTicers whicli has 
been continued to the present. 

The cemetery contains a larger number of graves 
than any other rural burial-ground in the county. 
The resting-places of those tirst interred are indi- 
cated by [ilain, low sandstones, without inscrip- 
tions. Two rows of graves thus appear whose 
occupants are to the present generation unknown. 
Many other graves have neat marble head-stones, 
from which the following facts have been gleaned : 

Jacob Caiu, died 1847, aged fifty-two years. - 
Sarah Cain, died 1848, aged seventy yeare. 
Jaiuea Cain, Srr, died 1854, aged eighty-seven yeara. 
Soth Cain, died 1850, aged forty-five years. 

1 See PreBbyterian Church. 

* The number of years are here expressed in round uuinbers only. 



James Bodiiie, Sr., died 1841, aged sixty-two years. 
Sarah Bodine, died 1843, aged fifty-three yeai-s.' 
Sarah Evans, died 3867, aged seventy-three years. 
Isaac Jones, died 1871, aged seventy-seven yeara. 
Heater Jones, died 1882, aged eighty-two years. 
John Jones, died 1H54, aged fifty-nine years. 
William Powell, died 1881, uged seventy-seven years. 
Richard Bettle, died 1840, aged thirty -six years. 
John McLain, died 1S78, aged seventy-seven years. 
Anna McLain, died 1872, aged sixty-four yeai-a. 
John Rogers, died 1849, aged sixty yeai-fi. 
Mary Rogers, died 1878, aged eighty-three years. 
John Johnston, died 1849, aged seventy-nine yeara. 
Sarah Johnston, died 1849, aged aixty-seven years. 
James McLain, Sr., died 184;i, aged seventy-seven years. 
Eve McLain, died 1809, aged fifty-two years. 
James McLain, Jr., died 18'J3, aged sixty-two yeara. 
John Rogers, Sr., di*^d 1797, aged fifty-two years. 
Eve Rogers, died 18*27, aged eighty-two yeara. 
John Pheifer, died 18T2, aged forty-fonr years. 
Mary McLain, died 1849, aged seventy-six years. 
Ehzabeth Brown, died 1879, aged seventy-five years. 
James Dill, died 18G5, aged seventy-three years. 
Anna Dill, died 1871, aged seventy-five years, 
William Dill, died 1831, aged thirty-four yeara. 
Samuel Alhertson, died 18li9, aged seventy-five yeara. 
Sarah Alhertson, died 182G. 

Josiah S. Alhertson, died 1854, aged thirty-nine yeara. 
Juhu Alhertson, died 1845, aged forty-three years. 
Sarah Alhertson, died 1875, aged seventy-two years. 
William Shough, died 1847, aged seventy-six years. 
Thomas Wright, died 1839, aged sixty-nine yeara. 
Rebecca Wright, died 1858, aged seventy-eight years. 
Thomas B. Wright, died 1847, aged forty-five yeara. 
Naomi Wright, died 1854, aged fifty yeara. 
Malilon Marjde, died 1843, aged eighty-five yeara. 
Mary Marple, died 1846, aged eighty-five yeara. 
Catherine Watson, died 1871, aged eighty-four yeara. 
Peter Watson, died 1850, aged si.xty-nine years. 
Idilia Wat«on, died 18(58, aged sixty-four yeara. 
Samuel Watson, dieil 1851, aged seventy-five years. 
Sarah Cain, diedjlH79, aged eighty yeara. 
iJavid Cobb, ilied 1834, aged thirty-five years. 
Jacob Leach, died 1853, aged tifty-eight yeara. 
Lavittia Lcacli, died 1875, aged seventy-five years. 
Friend R. J. Mapes, died 1871, aged seventy-six years. 
George Githeus, died 1849, aged sixty years. 
William Peacock, died l8fi9, aged eighty years. 
William Cook, died 1864, aged sixty-four years. 
Marraaduke Garwood, died 1872, aged sixty-two years. 
Sebastian Burkhart, died 1862, aged sixty-two yeara, 
Elizabeth Thackara, died ISiifi, aged seventy-six yeara. 
John C. Thackara, died 1S40, aged fifty-two years. 
Joseph McCully, died 1807, aged sixty-three yeara. 
William Layer, died 1877, aged seventy-seven yeara. 
Theodore Bishop, died 1883, aged sixty-four yeara. 
Joseph Rogers, died 1875, aged fifty-four yeara. 
William S. Dill, died 1879, aged sixty-two yeara. 
John I. Githens, died 1885, aged seventy-three years. 
Levi C. Lippincott, died 1885, aged sixty-niue yeara. 
Daniel D. Barkley, died 1885, aged seventy-seven yeara. 
Charles C. Wiltse, died 1870, aged eighty-three yeara. 
John Hugg, died 1880, aged seventy-five yeara. 
Elizabeth Hugg, died 1874, aged sixty-eight yeara. 
Samuel M. Tlioru, died 1803, aged sixty-five yeara. 
Tamar Thorn, died 1807, aged sixty-nine yeara. 
Henry Bate, died 1870, aged eighty-three yeara. 
Henry Hoffman, died 1850, aged sixty-four yeara. 
Mary Swain, died April 10, 1857, aged one hundred and three 
yeara, four months and twenty-four days. 

The cemetery association has converted the oKl 



THE TOWNSHIl' OF WATKUFOHD, 



Bd") 



school building, standing on tlie grounds, into a 
cliapel, and made other necessary improvements, 
including neat iron fences along the road-sides. 
In all particulars the arrangements bear com- 
parison with town cemeteries. In June, 18S(;, the 
officers of the association were Thomas A. Tliorne, 
president; .Tames C. Bishop, treasurer; diaries I. 
Wooster, secretary; John 15ate, James H. Howard, 
Henry M. Cully and IMarmaduke Beikley, direc- 
tors. 

The Jackson Olass Wouks were named in 
honor of the hero of New Orleans. They were es- 
tablished in the wilds of Waterford, by Thomas 
H. Richards, in 1827, but soon became the scene 
of a business activity, which continued for nearly 
half a century. After the death of Thomas H. 
Richards his sons, Samuel H. and Thomas, carried 
on the works until the exhausted timber supply 
made further operation unprofitable. They were 
destroyed by fire in May, 1877, one factory only of 
the three formerly at this phue being in use by 
Thomas Richards, the last operator. The build- 
ings being abandoned so(ni went to decay, and but 
few evidences of this once busy place now re- 
main. The post-office was discontinued about 187;1. 
and after the removal of the workmen all Ibrnu'r 
interests were abandoned. 

The Richards estate owned about three thou- 
sand acres of land in this section, extending froni 
the Burlington County line beyond the Camden 
and Atlantic Railroad. Where the railroad from 
Williamstown forms a junction with that road and 
the New Jersey Southern Railroad, on part of this 
estate, nineteen miles from Philadelphia, Oeorgc 
W. Hancock laid out the town of 



in 18(5(!. The original plat endiraccd sixty acres, 
which was surveyed into large lots and twenty 
streets. The principal one of these vv.as called 
Atco Avenue, which crosses the Camden Railroad 
at right angles. The avenues along the railroads 
were named Atlantic and Raritan, respectively. 
The town site being on high, dry Lauds, on the 
southern slope of the divide, near by, and having 
exceptionally good railroad facilities, its import- 
ance was soon recognized. A number of lots were 
at once sold, and for a time it was nourishing be- 
yond any of the villages in the county. Its subse- 
quent improvement was less rapid, and in 188(3 
the population did not exceed four hundred. 

The first building in the place was put up in 
1866 by James E. Alton, on the south side of the 



• Called after the Atco Swamp, 
many deer. 



Indian term for a pla 



railroad, and the second was by Ira Wakelcy, in 
the same neighborhood. The saniit year the Rich- 
ards estate put up the hotel building o|>posite the 
railroad depot, wdiich was opened as the "Atcui 
House." Its n.ame has since been changed, but it 
is still used for the entertainment of the public. In 
18(il! Wellington Baker opened the first store, oc- 
cupying a frame building on the site of the Wood- 
land Block. The latter is a thrcc-story brick 
and frame building, erected to its i>rescnt condi- 
tion, in 188;'), bv Charles H. Woodland. Since 
October, iif tlic same year, Woodland has been the 
]iostmaster of the Atco office. Baker being the 
first postmaster and Salmon (ii<ldings being the 
intermediate appointee. Under the hitter's ad- 
mini.stralion the office was kept at the store of A. 
J. Day, who has here been in tr.ade since 1877. 
Other stores were kept by W. O. Talcott, E. Parker 
and W. C. Sloan, the latter being at present in 
trade in the old comb factory building. 

In 1877 John T. Wilcox established the first 
manufacturing enterprise in the village — a horn- 
comb factory. Steam-power was employed, aiid a 
successful business was done tor several years In 
188.'? operations were suspendeil, the machinery 
sold and the engine removed to the plant of 

The Ati:o Glas.s Works. — These works 
have an eligible location, near the JuMition 
oi' the railroads, which have provided good 
track facilitiei. They were gotten in opera- 
tion in April, 1884, by the Atco Class Manufactur- 
ing Company, under the management of ,T. T. 
Wilcox. There is an eight-pot furnace, with the 
latest improvements, arranged for the manufacture 
of window-glass of superior quality. Employment 
is given to fifty men, who were working in 1880 
under the management of W. M. Flood. 

The Atco railway station had, as its fir.st agent, 
Wellington Baker; the ])resent agent is F. F. ly. 
Hint/.. The principal shipment is fruit, and 
among the chief shippers are Henry Treat, Salmon 
Giddings, W. S. Walker, George Reeves, Monroe 
Githens, W. O. Talcott, Sarah Varnum, .Mhert 
Hall, F. E. Fry, .lacob Gehring, .Joseph N'arnum 
and James Grieb. 

The Atco NATtJRAL Science Society. — On 
the 21st of January, 1868, a number of gentlemen 
at Atco founded the "Atco Library and Museum 
Association," selecting as their olHccrs George W. 
Hancock, president ; Nelson N'arnum, vice-presi- 
dent ; Wellington Baker, secretary; K. t!. Scott, 
treasurer; George H. Perkins, L. \\ . PlanI, A. B. 
Thatcher, A. Wakcly, I!. F.Marshall and 11. G. 
Tyrrell, directors. One of the principal ohjecls 
of the association was to awaken an interest in 



6.66 



HISTORY OP CAMDP]N COUNTY, NEW JP^RSEY. 



lidi'LiiuilUire and kindred matters. Alter working 
under tlie above name about ten years the present 
title was adopted January 13, 1S79, which became 
fixed by articles of incorporation April 5, 1879. 
The scope of the new society "was to foster the 
study, and diffuse a knowledge of natural science, to 
make and preserve collections, illustrations of 
its various branches, and to form a library." To 
secure funds in promotion of these purposes, the 
society held a fair at Atco, September 5-9, 1879, 
which, under the management of M. J. Skinner, 
was very successful, netting a sum which became 
the nucleus of a fund for the building of a "Science 
Hall." The society had received a lot in fee- 
simple, and in October, 1879, took action looking 
towards the erection of such a building on it at an 
early day. The hall was built the following year 
by a committee composed of Thomas Richards, 
H. A. Green and W. F. F. Murray. It is a very 
substantial stone building, valueil at eight hundred 
dollars, and afforded excellent accommodations for 
the society, which was at this time at the zenith 
of its existence. In 1880 its directors of sections 
were as follows : Library, AV. D. Siegfried ; Miner- 
alogy, Geology, Conchology and Kalonology, H. 
A. Green ; Zoology, N. Varnum : Botany, M. J. 
Skinner. Rare and valuable cabinets in the differ- 
ent departments of study were gathered, and un<ler 
the general direction of Professor Green, Science 
Hall became one of the most attractive places in 
the village. The death of some of the members 
and the removal of others, who were most active 
in the work of promoting the interests of the so- 
ciety, so seriously atl'ected its welfare that its meet- 
ings have been discontinued, and many of the 
cabinets have been removed. The organization of 
the society is nominally preserved and "Science 
Hall " is still owned by it. In 1880 the officers 
were A. J. Day, president; M. J. Skinner, vice- 
president ; Adam R. Sloan, secretary ; and W. F. F. 
Murray , treasurer. 

On the 1st of January, 1880, the society began the 
publicaticni of the Science Advocate, a small cjuar- 
terly, edited by Henry A. Green. The paper was 
well received, but declined with the other interests 
of the society and was discontinued at the end of 
the second year. 

Comanche Tribe of Red Men, No. 75, was 
instituted at Atco September 28, 1884, with thirty 
members. The order has been very successful at 
this place, reporting seventj'-eight members in May, 
]S8(), and the following principal officers: Monroe 
Githens, Morris Robin.son, George W. Young, 
Charles McHard, James Hand and J. W. Varnum. 
Its meetings are held in Comanche Hall, which 



was completed in September, 1885, by the Coman- 
che Hall Association, incorporated March 3, 1885) 
composed of a number of stockholders at this 
place, who organized by electing A. J. Day, presi- 
dent ; Monroe Githens, treasurer ; O. B. Tiffany, 
secretary; Joseph Varnum, Monroe Githens and 
George Bates, trustees. 

The hall is located on the principal street of the 
village, and is a two-story frame building, thirty 
by seventy feet. The upper story is fitted up for 
lodge purposes, and the lower forms a spacious 
public hall. It was erected at a cost of thirty-five 
hundred dollars. 

In the same buihling the Associated Glass 
Blowers hold their meetings, as well as the As- 
sembly of Knights of Labor, which was organized 
June 5, 1880, with thirty-five members. 

Golden Eaule Council, No. 22, Jr. O. U. A. 
M., was instituted February 28, 1885, and had, in 
1880, forty-five members. It is a growing organ- 
ization. 

Reliance Lodue, No. 20, A. O. U. W., insti- 
tuted June 0, 1882, reports thirty-eight members, 
and is in a prosperous condition. Its meetings 
are held in the hall of the public-school building. 

The First Presbyterian Church of Atco. 
— The meetitigs which resulted in the organization 
of this congregation were held November 17 and 
24, 1807, by the Rev. Samuel Loomis, of the Vine- 
land Church. At the date last named fourteen 
persons subscribe<l to the articles of membership, 
as follows: Henry A. Green, C. De Witt Carpenter, 
J. E. Alton, Mrs. M. R. Loomis, Mrs. A. Carpen- 
ter, Mrs. L. Alton, Mrs. F. Childs, Mrs. Thankful 
Gould, Mrs. P. L. Wakeley, Mrs. L. M. Green, 
Mrs. A. McHary, Miss Margaret McHary, Miss 
Clara Va. Gould and Miss Mary E. Gould. 

C. De Witt Carpenter and J. E. Alton were 
elected the first ruling elders and the Rev. Samuel 
Loomis became the first p.astor. The church be- 
ing properly organized, was received into the Fourth 
Presbytery of Philadelphia. Soon after the society 
became a body corporate, with the following trus- 
tees : Thomas Richards, Peter McHary, A. Wake- 
ley, W. O. Talcott and H. A. Green. 

In order to promote the building of a cliurch, 
the Richards estate donated an acre of ground, 
where the foundation of an edifice was laid early 
in 1808. The building was to be thirty-two by 
fifty feet, and it was designed to complete it that 
season, but owing to the inability of the pastor to 
continue serving the congregation, work was sus- 
pended. September 21, 1808, the Rev. E. B. New- 
berry took charge of the congregation, and under his 
direction the church was completed for dedication 



THE TOWNSHIP OF WATERFOKD. 



667 



the first Sunday in March, 1869. For a period the 
congregation flourished, but, not having a reguhir 
pastor, soon experienced a decline of interest. In 
1872 the Rev. George Warrington sui)plied the 
pulpit, and (rom 187;? to 187() the Rev. James (1. 
Shinn was the acting pastor. Since that time 
there have been numerous supplies, among them 
being the Revs. Frank E. Kavanaugh, R. A. Bry- 
ant, H. W. Brown, J. R. Gibson, R. Bant and 
Alexander Hill. 

In the summer of 1883, during the ministry of 
the Rev. J. R. Gibson, the church was repaired 
and now has a more inviting appearance. But 
the congregation is snudl, there being but fifteen 
members, and there are no ruling elders. A large 
and prosperous Sabbath-school is maintained in 
the church. 

The Atco Metikhust Eimscopal t'HrRcn.— 
The present society was organized in Decemlier, 
1885, with fifteen members, the following being 
trustees: (^aleb Githeus, George Brown, James 
Parks, John Ash and A. J. Day. The first meet- 
ings were held in Comanche Hall, but, in the 
course of a few weeks, the Universalist Chapel 
was purchased and converted into a church home. 
The membership has been increased to twenty-five 
and the future prospects of the church appear en- 
couraging. A flourishing Sunday-school has James 
Parks as its superintendent. 

Soon after the establishment of the glass-works 
at Jackson, Methodist preaching was established 
at that place, and the meetings were continued 
until after the workmen, who comjjrised the prin- 
cipal membership, renioveil. For a time no ser- 
vices were held by the Methodists in this locality, 
when ])reaching was again commenced at Atco, 
which resulted in the formation of the present so- 
ciety. The old Jackson si)ciety was connected 
usually with Tansboro' and Waterford in fornnng 
a charge. 

The Universalist Society was formed a few years 
after the founding of the village by the Rev. 
Moses Ballon, who was the first and only pastor. 
He was a man of nuirked ability, whose failing health 
obliged him to leave his home in Massachusetts 
to settle in this locality for the benefit of a milder 
climate. He died at Atct) May l!t, 187!), and 
thereafter Universalist meetings were so seldom 
held that they were altogether discontinued a few 
years ago, and in 1885 the chapel, which the .so- 
ciety had erected, was sold to the Methodists. 
The membership of the society was never large, 
but during the lifetime of Dr. Rallou large con- 
gregations assembled to listen to his ministra- 
tions. 



Late in the fall of 1,S85 St. John's Prolcstant 
Episcopal Mission was established al Atco, which 
has since Ihtii umln- ilie .an- of the Rev. De Witt 
C. Loop, of IhiiiiMMiMloii, S<iui-iri<inthly services 
are held in the I'resbyteriiin ( 'hurcb. 

The Richards estate s<'l aside a lot ol' ground 
at Atco in 1X68 for cemeteiy purposes, where some 
interments bavc been made, but the general |.lace 
of burial is in the cemetery at Berlin, which is old 
and well kept. 

< ncsii.in };sr. 

This village was plotted in 1SS(, but tlie work 
of improving it was not begun iiiiiil tlic summer 
of 1X85. It is located on the high lands between 
Atco and Waterford, and the site endn-aces one 
thousand two liinidred and s,-veiily acres of land, 
extending along the ( ';uudcn and Allantie Rail- 
road about a mile. A railwa\ station has been 
provided and iiDUsu.-il iMdiiennenls (iirnr.l to make 
this a populous place of suburban lionies. .Many 
of the avenues li:i\e Ih'cu cleared iij,. and Inur- 
filths of Ihe live Ihousaud I. ,1s have been sold. 
There are a store, hotel and several dozen clwell- 
ings, some belonging to the proprietors of the 
town — Simpson & Wade, of Philadelphia. The 
lirst house was the dwelling of N. K. Gatchell, 
built in the fall of 1885. Near the same lime the 
house of Charles Heacock w^as completed, and a 
little later the store building of J. H. Richter, 
where William Nifer was in trade in 188li. In 
the s[Ming of the latter year .1. K. Cope oi)ened the 
first hotel, and brick dwellings were erected by 
.Mrs. I'.lake ami Thomas llaimld. Clay for brick- 
making was discovered on Ihe village site, and 
several yards were opened in the summer of ISSil. 
The village has a healthy location, abnul two hun- 
dred feet above tide-water, on high, dry land, and 
gives pronuse of ra[iid anfl permanent growth. 

The CiiEsiunijisT lit ii,iiiN(i and Loan .Asso- 
ciation was incorporated in Novendicr, IS.St, to 
have places of business at Waterford and Chesil- 
hursl. Its object is to provide loans and to en- 
courage building. The ini'orporators were W. O. 
Bisbee, Joseph K Thomps,m, N. R. (fatchell, 
Charies SapiHuireaud William II. Wade. 

wATi-.KFonn. 

The village of Waterford is loeate.l in both 
Waterlbi-d and Winshjw biwnships. It is a station 
on the Camden ami .\Maiitie Railroad, a little 
more than twenty-two miles I'rom I'hiladi-lphia, 
and is on high and dry ground. In the surround- 
ing forests numy native pines arc still growing, 
wdiose odors contribute to the salubrity of the vil- 
lage. Its healthfulucss is one of the marked 



668 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



features of the |)Iace. The village has Methodist, 
Presbyterian, Episcopal and Catholic Churches, 
two stores, a post-office (called Waterford Works) 
and the usual interests of a country trading point. 
The village had its origin in the establishment of 
the Waterford Glass-Works at this point, in 1824, 
by Jonathan Haines. At that time the country 
was an unbroken forest, and the works were begun 
on a small scale, being enlarged from time to time 
as business expanded. In 1828 Jonathan Haines 
died, and the works were sold to Thomas Evans, 
Samuel Slireve and Jacob Roberts, the latter 
dying and Joseph Porter securing an interest in 
the business, the firm becoming Porter, Shreve & 
Co., John Evans having at this time also secured 
a sixth interest. Joseph Porter resided at this 
place, and devoted all his energies to make the 
business a success. He was an active, energetic 
manager, and, under his direction, the works 
prospered. Samuel Shreve sold out his interest to 
Joseph Porter in the course of years, who then 
associated his sons with him, the firm becoming 
Joseph Porter & Sons. Joseph Porter having 
died, and the firm being dissolved, about 1863 
William C. Porter took charge of the works and 
carried them on several years, when the property 
was sold to Maurice Raleigh, who connected it 
with his vast Atsion estate. At the time the 
transfer was made there were three glass-factories, 
two fitted up for the manufacture of window 
panes and the third for iiollow-ware. For a short 
time Raleigh carried on the former, and subse- 
quently John Gayner used the latter in making 
window-glass and lamp-chimneys, when each was 
allowed to remain out of blast, and the buildings 
went to decay. 

After the discontinuance of the glass-works, 
Raleigh busied himself to jjrovide new employ- 
ment for the workmen residing in the village, and 
established industries which seemed to cause a new 
era to dawn upon the place. He converted one of 
the glass-factories into a hosiery-mill, where a 
large number of young jieople found occupation 
for several years. He also united with James 
Colter in erecting a three-story frame shoe-factory, 
where a hundred o|)eratives were at work for about 
a year, when it was closed up as an unprofitable 
enterprise and the machinery removed. A part of 
this building was now used as a shop for the repair 
of textile machinery, and as such was carried on a 
short time. In May, 1882, a conflagration, result- 
ing from a fire in this building, destroyed all the 
works, which ended manufacturing operations in 
the village. The destruction of the buildings and 
the death of Maurice Raleigh had a very depress- 



ing eft'ect upon Waterford, which caused the re- 
moval of more than half the inhabitants and the 
suspension of several business interests. After 
several years of inactivity the prospects of the vil- 
lage were again brightened by the policy of the 
Raleigh Land and Improvement Company (which 
had become the owner of the immense Raleigh es- 
tate, consisting of thirty thousand acres of land in 
this and the adjoining counties), whose ettbrts 
brought it before the public as a desirable place 
for suburban residence, and the adjoining country 
as being specially adapted for fruit-growing. A 
number of locations have been made, and, in the 
course of a few years, Waterford will regain some 
of its former prominence. As a point for the ship- 
ment of fruit, it has become widely known. With- 
in a radius of a few miles the following are the 
principal fruit-growers: John W. Hoag, Alexan- 
der Heggan, William O. Bisbee, Edward Battelle, 
James McDougall, Josiah Albertson, Godfrey 
Walker, Edward Reed, John Nichols, K. Z. Col- 
lings, Christopher Crowley, Pitman Bates and 
William S. Braddock. Several of these are exten- 
sive cranberry-growers, the annual product of 
Ceilings' bog being as high as twenty thousand 
bushels, necessitating the use of a large storage- 
house at Waterford. 

The first store in the village, not kept by the 
owners of the glass-works, was on the site of the 
Stewart mansion, and was carried on by Josiah S. 
Rice. He sold out to Lewis W. Nepling, who 
built the store on the opposite side of. the railroad, 
where he is still in trade. John Fornham opened 
another store in the present Joseph Thompson 
stand, and a third place was occupied by Abner 
Gurncy, which is no longer continued. The only 
hotel of note was kept in the Porter mansion, near 
the Episcopal Church, soon after its erection, in 
1858, by a man named Pickett. Here is now kept 
the Waterford post-office, of which William 
(t. Wilson is the postmaster. The first postmaster 
was Joseph C. Porter. Four mails per day are 
supplied. Dr. Joseph A. Stout was one of the first 
I)racticing physicians, living near Tansboro', and 
was followed by Dr. Risley, of the same place. 
Dr. John W. Snowden lived in the neighborhood 
of the Spring Garden tavern (which was the pub- 
lic-house of this section and was kept many years 
by the Albertson family) and had a good practice. 
He removed to Hamnionton, and Dr. Joseph 
North was his successor, living for a time in the 
village. 

The population of Waterford the past few years 
has not been permanent, many of the Raleigh Imiid- 
ings being occupied for a few montlis only, but 



THE TOWNSHIP OF WATERFORD. 



669 



approximates two hundred and fifty inhabitants. 
There are about one hundred buiklings, seventy- 
five belonging to the Land and Improvement Com- 
pany, whose interests here are in charge of George 
W. Wurts. 

VVaterfoiui Methojhst Episcopai, Church. 
— Soon after tlie establishment of the glass-works 
at Waterforil the Methodists began holding meet- 
ings in the school-house, and were encouraged to 
form a society by Joseph Porter and others, on 
account of the influence the meetings had over the 
workmen. A cordial welcome was extended the 
itinerant preachers by the Porters, and in due sea- 
son the nucleus of a congregation was gathered. 
A divi.sion of the 8ons of Temperance was also organ- 
ized, and to accommodate both bodies, it was ])ro- 
poscd to erect a two-story building in which their 
meetings could be held, each in a separate room. 
Accordingly, Samuel Shreve, Joseph Porter, Joseph 
C. Porter and Thomas Porter set aside a lot of 
ground for the purpose of erecting thereon such a 
building, conveying the same, in trust, to John 
McCann, Richard A. Winner, Daniel W. Weatcott, 
Jlicajah Cline, Brazier Wescoat, Arthur Wescoat 
and Jacob Read, in May, 1848. 

Soon after, a tworstory frame building was put 
up, the upper story being fitted up for the use of 
the temperance society, the lower being the church 
proper. Both bodies had a flourishing member- 
ship as long as the glass-works were carried on, 
but after they were discontinued most of those be- 
longing removed, leaving so few interested in their 
future e.xistence tliat the division suspended its 
meetings, and in the church occasional services 
only were held. On 23d of March, 1864, Brazier 
Wescoat and Arthur Wescoat, the two remaining 
trustees, conveyed the property to the Methodist 
Episcopal Church and Division No. 49, Sons of 
Temperance, where the title still rests. Lewis W. 
Neipling is one of the few surviving members, and 
now has the property in charge. Owing to disuse, 
the house is not in good condition, but the grave- 
yard connected bears evidence of recent attention^ 
Though showing signs of decay, and being no 
longer the useful factor it was in by-gone days, the 
old church should not be abandoned, but should 
be reconsecrated to an era of new usefulness 
in connection with the rapid development of 
this part of the township. 

The Water?ord Presisyterian Church.— 
The congregation occupying this church was or- 
ganized April 'ir-i, 18()(1, with the following mem- 
bers : William Robinson, Calcina C. Robinson, 
Caroline R. Barnard, James McDougal, Eliza Mc- 
Dougal, Alexander Heggan, Mary H. Porter and 
81 



Edward Battellc. Preparations were at once made 
to build a house of worship, and, on the 14th of 
June, 1866, the corner-stone was laid. The edifice 
is a frame, thirty-two by fifty feet, and has a spire 
ninety feet high. Its cost, entire, was more than 
three thousand dollars, and was dedicated .lanu- 
ary S, 18()7. William Robinson was chosen the 
first ruling elder, and upon his resignation, James 
McDougal and Edward Ha.ttelle were elected to 
the same office, serving to the present time. 

The Rev John W. Ediiiundson became the first 
pastor in 1867, but continued that relation only 
one year. In lS(i.S the Rev. S. C. McElroy be- 
came the staled sujiply and ministered to the con- 
gregation more than a year. In 1871 the Rev. E. 
I). Newberry was the sujjply, and in 1873 the Rev. 
James (1. Shinn began to serve in the same rela- 
tion, being the last to ])reach statedly. Since 
his connection the pulpit has been filled by num- 
erous ministers, for short periods, but as there 
are only twenty-four members, it has been imprac- 
ticable to have a regular pastor. The Sabbath- 
school, organized about the same time as the con- 
gregation, is maintained with unabated interest. 
It numbers forty-five members. 

Christ Protestant Episcopal Church. — In 
1868 a congregation of this faith was organized 
at Waterford, George Moody becoming senior war- 
den, and Dr. John W. Snowden, Major R. G. 
Porter and Jabez Fisher, vestrymen. A lot of 
land for a church building was donated by Wil- 
liam C. Porter about the same time, and with the 
means secured by Mrs. Elizabeth D., the wife of 
Major R. G. Porter, the erection of a house of 
worship was made possible the same year. The 
services of the church were conducted about a 
year by a lay reader, but in March, 187(», the Rev. 
William Stewart removed to this place and became 
the first rector, the Waterford Church and the 
church at Hammonton Ibrming a parish. His 
zealous labors were beginning to be apparent, when 
he was stricken down by death, in April, 1871, and 
now lies interred in the cemetery of the church. The 
devoted Mrs. Porter had iireceded him to the spirit 
world, departing this life February 9, 1871. Two 
of the most active members being thus taken away 
and other patrons removing, in consequence of the 
suspension of business at this jilace, the church 
was weakened to such an extent that it has never 
recovered its former vitality. Having no rector 
or active organization, it has for some years had 
a merely n(miinal existence. In 1886 it was with- 
out a vestry and the twelve communicant members 
remaining had an occasional service by the Rev. 
William C. Starr. Since 1871, Mrs. C. S. Stewart 



670 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



has faithfully superintended a Sunday-school, 
which had forty members in 188ti. The church 
building, a fair-sized frame, is Icept in good repair, 
and has a well-kept burial-ground connected. 

The Waterforr Roman Catholic Church 
was built, in 18S0, by Maurice Raleigh, for the 
accommodation ol' his workmen professing the 
Catholic faith. It is a large frame building, but 
plain in every respect. The church never had a 
resident priest, and since the removal of many of 
the members, services are held at long intervals 
only, by priests coming from Egg Harbor. The 
communicants are few in number. 

Shane's Castle, THE First Catholic (iHtTRCH. 
— About a hundred years ago there stood on the 
north side of Clark's Branch of the Egg Harbor 
River a cabin of cedar logs, squared and framed 
together so as to make a substantial dwelling. It 
was covered with cedar bark, so laid as to ex- 
clude snow and rain, and the spaces between the 
logs were so carefully filled with moss and clay 
that the storms were effectually kept out. It was 
large enough to form living and sleeping apart- 
ments, besides having an attic. The floor was of 
clay only, and for windows there were mere open- 
ings in the logs without glass ; but it was made 
comfortable by huge fire-places in each room, the 
chimneys being built of sticks on the outside of 
the cabin. Its site was one mile south of the vil- 
lage of \Vaterford, and for many years it stood sol- 
itary and alone in the grand old forests. No other 
habitation was within many miles of it. This house, 
unpretentious as it was, the builders called "Shane's 
Castle," a name which it bore as long as (me log 
rested upon auotlicr. It was erected by three 
German brothers, — Sebastian, Ignatius and Xaver- 
ius Woos, who had fled from their native country 
to avoid military conscription, and who thus im- 
mured themselves in the wilds to make a home 
where they might enjoy their freedom unhindered. 
When they came is not known, but in 1700 they 
applied to the Council of Proprietors to grant them 
title to the land upon which their house stood. 

After being in this country some years the 
affianced of Sebastian followed him, having eluded 
the vigilance of her parents, who had opposed 
the suit, by taking passage on a ship. She was 
met at Philadelphia by her lover, who had managed 
to maintain correspondence with her. After weeks 
of patient waiting, on account of the uncertain ar- 
rival of the vessel, he was made happy by the sight 
of his loved one, and after paying her passage to 
prevent her from being sold, as was the custom at 
that time, they were married by a Catholic priest 
and began their journey to their new home. What 



an impression the strange sights through the for- 
ests they traveled must have made on the mind of 
the young wife ! Their journey was long and toil- 
some, the streams being unbridged and the roads 
tortuous. But, happy in her marriage, the sur- 
roundings soon became familiar, and even attract- 
ive. She was content with her lot, as cast in the 
wilds of America, though far from the friends of 
her old home and isolated from all society except 
that furnished by her husband and his brothers, 
and an occasional caller at the cabin. They cleared 
up a few acres around their home, where they 
planted vegetables, and worked in the cedar 
swamps preparing staves for the West India mar- 
kets. Fish and game were abundant and they did 
not lack the necessaries of life, though entirely 
unacquainted with its luxuries. 

Ignatius and Xaverius never married, but Sebas- 
tian had two daughters, who became young women 
and married Herman Myrose and Eli Neild. The 
latter occupied the old castle as long as it was hab- 
itable, while the former lived on another part of 
the property. The older members of these families 
died in the township, and were buried in a small 
graveyard on the opjiosite side of the stream from 
the castle. This contained .some rude stones, 
which have fallen into decay, and there is but 
little left to mark the places where these pioneers 
are buried, and, like the castle itself", they will soon 
pass into oblivion. 

But it is in connection with the holding of 
Catholic services at Shane's Castle that the great- 
est historic interest attaches. About the middle of 
the last century efforts were made to utilize the 
bog iron-ore so abundant on the eastern slope of 
New Jersey, and furnaces were erected at various 
points. The operatives at these iron-works were 
generally foreigners, and adherents of the Catholic 
Church. In visiting them, the priests would pass 
Shane's Castle, whose inmates were Catholics, 
and who extended a hearty welcome to the min- 
isters, urging them to hold services in their house. 
In this way worship was held many years in 
Shane's Castle according to the forms of the Cath- 
olic Church, and these meetings were probably 
the first of that denomination in West Jersey. On 
such occasions the few people residing in that re- 
gion were invited to attend the services and hear 
the gospel preached. 

Sparse as were these, their number was occa- 
sionally increased by a few natives, who, without 
understanding a word that was uttered, could see 
in the deportment of the worshippers the sincerity 
and reverence that moved them. They only knew 
that the worship of the " white man's God " was 




'>. t 





'^3^^?-ilc£-^^ 



THE TOWNSHIP (3F WATERFORD. 



671 



unlike the silent awe witii wliieli they regiinh'd 
the (ireat Spirit, whieli \v:is always aliont them 
in the mystery anil grantleiir of an unknown e.\- 
istene.e. 

" Being alcove all beings ! niiglity one ! 

WIioTh none can compreliend ami iHine explore; 

Wlio Hll'st exislenre with 'I'liyself ali 

Eniltracing nil— supportinj^ — ruling o'er — 
Being wliuni we call (iotl — ainl liiiow uu more?" 

HIO(iRAI'HIfAI>. 

.TOKI, P. KliiKf.RIDE. — Joseph Kirkbride eanie 
to Pennsylvania from England in KiSl. He was in 
his minority when he arrived, hut soon grew to 
man's estate and became a useful eitizen. He set- 
tled in Bucks County, was a meniher of the Legis- 
lature for several years, and discharged the import- 
ant duties of magistrate as well. He was a jireacher 
among Friends, and returned to England in 1G!)'.I 
on a religious visit. 

He married Sarah, a daughter of Mahlon Stacy, 
who came to America in the ship "Shield" in 
1U7S, Mahlon settled in Nottingham township, 
Burlington County, N. ,1., now part of the county 
of Mercer. Joseph Kirkbriile died in 1737 and 
left five children — Mahlon, John, Sarah (who mar- 
ried Israel Pemberton), Mary and Jane (who mar- 
ried Samuel Smith, author of the " History of New 
Jersey "). 

Israel Pemberton, who married Sarah, was 
a son of Phineas, who came to Pennsylvania 
from England in 1(582, and became largely inter- 
ested in the real estate of West New Jersey, and 
located several surveys in Atlantic Couuty. Mary 
Kirkbride, who.se grandfather and father were also 
owner.s of proprietary rights, located a survey of 
about twelve hundred acres in 174.3, and upon 
which the larger part of the town of Hammonton 
now stands. 

These were of the most iiiHuential families in 
Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and in ))rivate and 
public life were so recognized, and from this line 
came the subject of this sketch. He was born 
December 24, 1824, and is the son of John and 
Elizabeth Kirkbride. of Burlington County, N. J. 
He has combined the avocation of farmer and 
miller, and, by strict attention to business and 
fair dealing, has made both successful. In public 
life he has represented the people of his district in 
the Legislature, and held the office of revenue 
assessor for the United States government for sev- 
eral years, and clerk of Camden Countv for one term. 



The ages of Joseph Kirkbride and Sarah, hi.s 
wife, and their children are .loseph, born lOid ; 
Sarah, born 1702 (daughter of Mahlon Stacy 
and Mary Rogers); Phebc, borTi 1724, married 
Joseph Milnor; Hannah, born 172G, married 
Ijanghorne Biles; Mary, born 1728, married Sam- 
tiel Rogers; Joseph, born 1731 (colonel in Revolu- 
tion), married Mary Rogers; Elizabeth, born 
1734, married Daniel Bunting: Sarah, born ]73() 
(single). 

From the Bordcii-Hopliiii'Oii fuiiiilii gran-i/dril, 
liunlriitown, N. J. : 

"This stone, inscribed by thi> hand of friend- 
ship, shall commemorate the virtues of .loseph 
Kirkbride, a native of Pennsylvania, for he was a 
patriot who zealously served his country in her 
armies and councils during the Revolution of 177(1. 
He was a citizen who faithfully performed the 
duties of social life, and he was an honest man, 
who, in his thoughts, words and actions, illustrated 
the noblest work of (ioil. He dieil October 20, 
1803, aged seventy-two years.'' 

Phineas Kirkbride came to New Jersey a young 
man, and was married to a Rogers, and his chil- 
dren were Samuel (who died young), William, 
Mary, Phineas, John, Margery, Mahlon and Stacy 
(who were twins), Joseph, Jonathan, .lob and 
Martha. .Tohn was married to Elizabeth, daughter 
of Jacob and Mary Prickett, who was of the Sharp 
family. Their children were Stacy P., Jacob P., 
John R., Mary S., Elizabeth P., .loel P., Martha 
R. and Charl}!s. 

Joel P. Kirkbride was married to Aliagail W. 
Strieker, daughter of Phili)) and Sarah Strieker, 
who was the daughter of Amos and Lydia Wilkins, 
.lanuary 31, lS4il. Their family ;ire Annie B., 
married to .lacob ('., son of Kreeiloin and Letitia 
Li]>|)incolt ; ,loel S., married to Enjiiia, daughter 
of George M. and Sarah Rogers; Lidie .1., who is 
siugle; Joel S., deceased .lanuary, 1885. Joel P. 
Kirkbride is a Friend, as were his ancestors on 
both sides. In politics he was a Whig and after- 
ward a Republican. He has been a director in the 
National State Bank of Cam<len for nearly twenty 
years, and closely ideutified with the Marl and 
Turnpike Companies. He has always been active 
in all the industrial enterprises of the county. He 
gave the laud for the station at the railroad, and is 
to-day one of the most influential and useful citi- 
zens of the county. 



THE TOAVNSHIP OF GLOUCESTEK. 



CHAPTER XIV. 

Description— Early Settlers— The Tomlinsons, Albertaona, Bates, 
Cathcarts, Heilmans, Howells, Tlionies and othei-s— Civil Organ- 
izations-Villages of Kirkwood, Lindenwold, Clementon, Wat- 
sontown, Brownstown, Davistown, Spring Jlills, " the lost town 
of Upton" and Chews Lauding— The Chew Family— Blackwood— 
TheWardaand Blackwuods— did Hotels— Stage Lines— Chunhes 
— Societies —Education. 

Topography.— Gloiicester is in the southern 
tier of townships of Camden County, and is bound- 
ed on the north by Waterford, from which it is 
separated, in part, by tiie south branch of Coopers 
Creek, on the southea-st by Winslow, on the south 
and west by Gloucester (bounty, the Great Timber 
Creek forming the boundary line, and on the 
northwest by Centre township. Nearly all its ter- 
ritory lies in the valley of the Delaware and par- 
takes of the characteristics of that belt of land. 
Along the division line the soil is sandy and less 
fertile than in the central and northern parts, 
where it partakes more of the nature of a friable 
loam. Its natural richness has been greatly in- 
creased by the use of green sand-marl which un- 
derlies it in most localities, and which appears at 
the surface along the water-courses. The princi- 
pal streams which furnish a plentiful irrigation 
are the north branch of Timber Creek and its af- 
fluents, the largest one being Otter Branch. The 
main stream is subject to tidal influences, the head 
of the flow being above Chews Landing. The 
limit was marked in the early history of the town- 
ship by tide-water gates, erected at that point. 
On this stream, consequently, the mill-sites are 
found on the head-waters only. Here the country 
pre-sents a broken surface, several hills of striking 
attitude appearing. The highest of these is Sig- 
nal Hill, near Clementon, which was used by the 
United States government authorities in making 
a coast survey of New Jersey. It is covered with 
672 



a pine forest and the soil is not adapted to farm- 
ing. Hickory Hill, in the northwestern part, has 
a lower altitude and its surface is susceptible of 
cultivation. Along the streams were large forest- 
trees, from which circumstance the creeks took 
their names. The removal of this timber was a 
laborious process and an impediment to the rapid 
settlement of the country, but to those living 
near the streams it was a source of income, when 
other products were not in demand. 

Owing to the distance from market, the upper 
part of the township was not developed until 
within the past fifty years, and much of the coun- 
try is still in a primeval condition. Its soil is 
adapted to fruit-culture and a number of small 
farms have recently been there opened, which are 
devoted to that industry. The township was early 
traversed by roads from the Delaware River to the 
sea-coast, which have been improved as turnpikes, 
their courses being modified for this purpose. 
The turnpikes are the Camden and White Horse, 
in the northwestern part ; Camden and Black- 
wood, in the southwestern part, the latter connect- 
ing at Blackwood with the Williamstown turnpike, 
to extend this roadway up the creek, leading out 
of the township at Tiirnersville. 

Early Settlers and their Descendants. — 
The earliest prominent settler in the middle part 
of the township was Joseph Tomlinson, sheritt of 
Gloucester County, in 1095, and King's attorney 
the following year. He arrived in America [nior to 
](J86, and became an apprentice to Thomas Sharp, 
of Newton, to learn the business of wool comber 
and dyer. He was also something of a car- 
penter, as, in the year last named, he made an 
agreement with his master to build him a house 
for a specified sum, and to furnish all the material 
for the same, except the nails. His relations with 
his master do not appear to have been of the most 




fytJ7 Z^9^C^ 



TUK TOWNSHIP OP GLOUCESTER. 



673 



pleasant nature; nevertheless, his associations with 
him contributed to his education and, no doubt, 
aided him to secure the public positions which he 
afterwards filled, as Thomas Sharp was unques- 
tionably an able preceptor. 

In IGiK), Joseph Tomlinson located one hundred 
and seventeen acres of land on the east side of 
Gravelly Run, in Gloucester, adjoining a tract 
which he had previously purchased of Joseph 
Wood, and on whicli he first lived, after leaving 
the employ of Thomas Sharp. His wife, Eliza- 
beth, was a worthy consort, and nobly shared with 
him the privations incident to a home so remote 
from other settlers, as was theirs at that early 
period. Thus isolated, he turned his attention to 
reading and studying the laws of the community 
of which he deemed himself a part, and in which 
he was soon to fill conspicuous and responsible 
positions. 

He served as prosecutor of the pleas, or attorney 
for the King, in Gloucester County until 1710, 
when he was appointed one of the judges of the 
several courts of Gloucester County, a position for 
which he was well fitted by his previous experi- 
ence. He died in 1710, leaving his wife and a 
large family to survive him. 

One of the daughters, Elizabeth, married Bar- 
tholomew Wyatt, of Salem County, an active mem- 
ber of the Society of Friends, and, in 1732, his 
wife appeared as a Public Friend, whose preach- 
ing was acceptable. Ephraim, the eldest son of 
Joseph Tondinson, settled on a tract of land 
which his father deeded him, .adjoining the home- 
stead on the east, and extending towards the north 
branch of Timber Creek. In 1732 he enlarged his 
possessions by purchasing, of the executors of 
Abraham Porter six hundred and nineteen acres 
lying on both sides of the last-named stream, reach- 
ing almost to the south branch of Coopers Creek. 
He was also an esteemed preacher among the 
Friends. He was born in 1095, and died in 1780, 
leaving his second wife, Catharine Ridgway, a son, 
Ephraim, and daughters, — Elizabeth, married to 
Aaron Lippincott, and Marj', whf) married .lames 
Gardiner. 

Joseph Tondinson, a brother of Ephraim, first 
had the homestead proj>erty devised to him, but 
increased the original two hundred acres by pur- 
chase, so that he owned considerable real estate. 
He died in 1758, leaving two sons, named Joseph 
and Samuel. He also had three daughters. Higher 
up Gravelly Run, John Tomlinson, another brother 
of Ephraim, had three hundred acres of land willed 
to him by his father, upon which he settled and 
continued to live until his death, in 175.5. His 



son Isaac and daughters, Hannali and Eleanor, 
survived him, the latter marrying Josiah Albert- 
son. Of the other sons of Joseph Tomlinson, 
William died in Waterford in 1737, and Othniel 
in Chester County, Pennsylvania, in 175(). De- 
scendants of the Tomlinsons remain in the town- 
shij), being now, as well as a hundred ycais ago, 
among its leading citizens. 

By the will of his father, dated December 17, 
1709, recorded in Pennsylvania, Josiah Albertson 
came in possession of a tract of land in 
Gloucester township, bounded on the south side 
by t )tter Branch, and thereon he settled and cleared 
a farm. In 1727 he married Ann, a daughter of 
Francis Austin, of Evesham, Burlington County, 
N. J., who was one of the first settlers at that 
place. The first habitation of Josiah and Ann 
Albertson was built on the land given him by his 
father, a short distance south of the old Salem 
road, where he plied his calling as a shoemaker, 
and at the same time removed the timber from the 
soil. He increased his po.ssessions until his farm 
was double the number of acres left him by his 
father. In 1743 he built a large and substantial 
brick house, part of which was occupied in 187(5 
by his lineal descendant, Chalkley Albertson, who 
owned much of the original estate. 

Of the nine children of Josiah and Ann Albert- 
son, eight were daughters of attractive appearance 
and superior qualities. None of those that arrived 
at suitable age were left as "single sisters." They 
were Hannah, married to Jacob Clement; Cassan- 
dra, married to Jacob Ellis and Jacob Burrough ; 
Patience, married to Isaac Ballinger; Sarah, mar- 
ried to Samuel Webster ; ICeturah, married to 
Isaac Towusend ; and Ann, who married Ebenezer 
Hopkins and Jacob Jennings. Mary and Eliza- 
beth died unmarried. Josiah, the son, was mar- 
ried to Eleanor Tomlinson, for his first wife, and 
Judith Boggs, for his second. 

Ch.4I.kley Ai.bert.son, son of John and Ann 
Albertson, was born First Month 9, .4.D.181(i,on the 
paternal estate, where his ancestors had lived for 
more than a century. His father was in direct 
line of descent from the emigrant who came to 
New Amsterdam with the Hollanders and settled 
thereabouts before the English visited New Jersey. 
They adopted the religious views of (ieorge Fox 
and were leading members ol' the Society of 
Friends in Gloucester County. Chalkley Albert- 
son's mother was a daughter of John and Rachel 
Borrough Pine, of Gloucester County. The Al- 
bertson homestead, where Chalkley Albertson lived, 
was located by Wm. Albertson in 1(598, and came 
into possession of his sou Josiah by will in 1709. 



674 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



In 1742 Josiali built tlie liouse which representa- 
tives of this branch of the Albertson family have 
occupied to the present time. 

After the death of his father Chalkley Albert- 
son, by purchase, became the owner of a large part 
of his father's real estate, and soon showed him- 
self to be a progressive and successful farmer. He 
regarded the use of machinery as labor-saving and 
beneficial and was never behind his neighbors in 
its appliance. He thoroughly understood the ad- 
vantage of fertilizers and was liberal in their use 
upon his land. 

He married .■Vniiie, daughter of Charles and 
Tacy Jarrett Stokes, of Rancocas, Burlington 
County, N. J., Twelfth Month 111, 1850. 

In early manhood he expressed his sympathy 
with Democratic principles and allied himself with 
that party. He took much interest in township 
affairs and became conspicuous in the county in its 
separation from Old Gloucester and the location 
of the public buildings. In 18(i3, '(U, '67 and 73 
he was elected to the State Assembly when public 
opinion was set against his party and with popular 
candidates opposed to him. As a representative 
he was always open to conviction, but was decided 
in his opinions. The public good was his purpose 
and he commanded the respect of his political op- 
ponents for his sincerity, intelligence and integrity. 
He was interested in public improvements and was 
one of the incorporators of the White Horse Turn- 
pike Company. He introduced in the State As- 
sembly the bill, which became a law, incorporating 
the Camden and Philadelphia Bridge Comi)any. 

While a meiuber of the State Assembly he advo- 
cated the cause of the glass blowers and voted for 
the law aboli.shing the money-order system. He 
always favored the extension of the railroad system 
of the State, but opposed monopolies. He did 
much to forward the construction of the Phila- 
delphia and Atlantic City Railroad and saw the ad- 
vantage a competing road would be to Atlantic 
City and to the unimproved country between that 
place and Philadelphia. He was one of the State 
Commissioners to make arrangements for the Cen- 
tennial Exhibition. In 1873 he was appointed 
a member of the board of directors of the New 
Jersey Agricultural College, which position he 
held to the time of his death, and always took a 
hearty interest in the Scientific School and its ob- 
ject. He advocated the establishment of the Agri- 
cultural Experimental Station. As executor, trus- 
tee or commissioner, he had the confidence of those 
interested and discharged his duties acceptably. 

He was a neighbor in the true meaning of the 
word, and by his kind and genial manners won the 



esteem of all who knew him. His devotion to his 
fellow-men impelled him to take an active interest 
in temperance reform ; when a young man he was 
an energetic member of the Washington Total Ab- 
stinence Society, which was among the first of such 
organizations established, and throughout his life 
he was true to his temperance convictions. 

In his religious views he followed the footstei)s 
of his ancestors and was an active and useful mem- 
ber of the Society of Friends. He died Fourth 
Month 21, 1880. He left a widow and six children. 

The Rulons. — Tradition asserts that during 
the persecution of the Huguenots, one of that sect 
by the name of Rulon emigrated to this country. 
To further his escape, he was secretly inclosed in a 
hogshead and put on a vessel bound for the United 
States, and after getting well at sea was set at lib- 
erty. It is not positively known at what place he 
landed, but the name is found as early as 1704 in 
Monmouth County, N. J., where the refugee evi- 
dently settled and owned land and raised a family. 
He had the re]>utation of being a firm and fearless 
man, as well as energetic, and preferred exile to 
the relinquishment of his faith. 

The eldest son of the refugee was David, who 
was born about 1704. He married Exercise Allen, 
by whom he had thirteen children. He died the 
15th of March, 1778, aged seventy-four years. 
Henry Rulon, the oldest son and fourth child of 
David, was born June 5, 1732, and married Theo- 
dosia Bobbins, by whom he had ten children, of 
whom Moses was the fifth son, and was born Octo- 
ber 14, 1707. He married Susan Hartley, and had 
thirteen children, of whom Moses, the father of 
Elwood Rulon, now of (iloucester township, was 
the sixth child. He married Eleanor Albertson, 
by whom he had ten children, of whom Elwood 
was the seventh child. His mother is still living, 
at the advanced age of eighty-four. She retains 
all of her mental faculties, and is very active, and 
possesses those Albertson traits for wliich the 
women of that family were noted. The brothers 
and sisters of Elwood were as follows : Hannah 
Ann, Clayton, Keturah, Chalkley, John, Hartley, 
Abel, Ellen and Eliza. Of this family, with El- 
wood, but two survive, — Hannah Ann Haines, of 
Haddonfield, and Chalkley Albertson Rulon, of 
Swedesboro'. 

Elwood lives upon the homestead, and on the 
23d of February, 1805, married Mary R. Palmer, of 
Chester County, Pa. The Palmers are among the 
oldest settlers of Pennsylvania, and are related to 
the Sharplesses, Trimbles, Pennells and Gibbons. 
The genealogy of Lewis and Mary Palmer, issued 
in 1875, shows Mary R., daughter of Abraham M., 




\^ . r C 



"~A 



THE TOWNSHIP OF GLOItOESTER. 



675 



born 1808, son of Benjamin, Vioni 1770, son of 
John, born 1745, son of INIoses, born 1721, son of 
John, born 1U90, sonof .lohn, who received a patent, 
1688, in Concord, Chester County, Pa. (now Dela- 
ware County), where the Ainiily are numerous, and 
some of whom still reside on the patent. On the 
maternal side of Mary R., they were Peters, who 
built the old mill and brick dwelling on Cruni 
Creek about lti90, the materials of which were 
brought from England. Both families claim i\n 
old ancestry and were members of the Friends 
Society. 

The children of Elwood Kulon and wife were 
the following: Norris Peters, William Merrihew, 
Charles Jenks, Stephen Edwin and Frank Albert- 
son. Norris Peters ami T^raiik .\lbertson are de- 
ceased. 

Elwood Rulon has always resided on the home- 
stead. He and his wife are members of the Soci- 
ety of Friends. In politics he is a Republican ; 
was once a member of the Board of Freeholders 
of the county. He has been a practical and suc- 
cessful farmer, and in integrity has shown the 
sterling worth that alwiiys characterized his an- 
cestors. 

Neir the head-waters <if the south liranch of 
Coopers Creek, and on the south side of that 
stream, Mordecai Howell was the owner of a tract 
of land, which he sold to Joseph Thome in 1706. 
The same year the latter sold to .Joseph Bates, 
who sofin after settled U]>on the land. Being so 
remote from other settlements, it is quite probable 
that his first home was in a cave in the hillside 
and that his children were born there. This rude 
habitation was on the Indian trail leading to 
I.iong-a-Coming, and the property adjoined that 
of John Hillman, including the lands where are 
now the farms in the White Horse Tavern 
neighborhood. In 1786 Joseph Bates (2d) m.ade 
a resurvey of the lands. A part of the property 
in this locality passed to .fohn Cathcart, in 17'.M, 
who built a brick mansion thereon. 

Joseph Bates was married to Mary, a daughter 
of James and Jane Clement, natives of England, 
who had first settled (m Long Island. No direct 
descendants of this branch of the Bates family 
remain. 

John Cathcart, above mentioned, was possessed 
of a considerable fortune. He not only built the 
fine mansion, but tor a number of years uiaintaiTied 
a Deer Park. His home was frequently visited 
by his friends, whom he entertained with unstinted 
hospitality. The park was simply a large tract of 
native woods, inclosed with a high rail fence, so 
firmly made, that the timid animal once within its 



bounds was securely held. The jnoperty on wlii<'h 
was the brick house lierame known, in l.'iter years, 
as the Warner plac r. 

In the vicinity of Chews l,:iMilirii; I-' ranris Col- 
lins bad a Inict of lour liiimbvd aci«> of land, 
which be corivcye<l to Thomas Ihiaril. his soii-in- 
I.MW, in 170-1, bill it (loi's not a|qie;n' lliiil liriaiit 
made any inqirovemcnls al Ihat |i.riod. 

In the same locality .lohn lOasllack had one 
hundred and seventy-five acres of land, which he 
transferred to Thomas Smallwood in 171'.t. De- 
scendanls of the latter family may vet be found in 
the township. 

Above ('hews l.anding, on Ihi' l,ong-a-( 'omiiig 
road, liv<'il .lohn llidcr. He was an intimate 
friend of .Varon Chew, and served in the Revolu- 
tion with him. The lliders, of ( ibnu'estcr, de- 
scended from this family. Samuel W'etherell also 
located a large tract of lainl, on which a part of 
Chews Landing now stands. 

In 17iri John Hillman, s.)n of .lohn Hillman, of 
Centre township, who was nianieil to Abigail 
Bates, a <laughter of Joseph Kates, of (iloucester, 
purchased about five hundred acres of land from 
Thomas Atkinson. This tract lay near the White 
Horse Tavern," and e.Ktended from thesouth branch 
of Coopers ('reek to the north bratudi of Timber 
Creek. Tothistrarl he removed and erected the 
house which became known hiler as the Hinch- 
nuiu-Lippineott property. I" I7.'>1 he bought at 
sheriff's sale one hundred acres a<lioiiiing, known 
as the Mien-Southwick property, (in the original 
])urchase was a saw-mill, on Timber Creek, which 
was operated as tlu^ property of Southwick l.iy 
Thomas Webster and Thomas Atkinson. It is 
supposed that it stood on the site of Ephraim 
Tomlinson's grist-mill. 

John Hillman lived (jii his tract of land many 
years, converting the timber that stood thereon in- 
to lumber and cordwood, hauling the same to 
('hews I^anding. whence it was taken to Phila- 
delphia. His sons likewise devoted themselves to 
clearing up farms out of the primitive forest. 
These were Joab, Josiah, Daniel, James and .lohn. 
He died in 1764, his wife surviving him. 

The .lohn Hillman lands were'originally owned 
by Abraham Porter from 1714 to 1716, who had 
his house near the south side of t'ooj>ers Creek, 
on Josiah Jenkins' farm. He ai)pears to have been 
an unmarried nuin, and most likely not a Friend, 
as he served as a captain in the military depart- 
ment of the province in 1722. Afterwards he was 
promoted to the rank of major. It is quite jiroba- 
ble that in this capacity he, and the company he 
commanded, acted as the escort of the C.overnor 



676 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



when he visited the county to hold the assizes of 
the crown. These visits were eventful to those 
holding their commissions by appointment from 
the crown, and often occasions of considerable 
display in the eyes of the plain people of that pe- 
riod. From the fact that Captain Porter was pro- 
moted it is evident that he discharged his duties 
to the satisfaction of those in authority. He 
owned large tracts of land, in all about twelve 
hundred acres, and when he died, in 1729, his 
benefactions were extended to all the neighboring 
churches, showing that he had a proper regard for 
the advancement of religion and morality in his 
adopted country. Though long since dead, and 
leaving no posterity to perpetuate his memory, he 
should not be forgotten, and his generous trait.s 
may well be imitated. 

In 1706 William Thorne, who had but lately 
come from Long Island, purchased several tracts 
of land from Mordecai Howell, on the head-waters 
of the south branch of Coopers Creek and the 
north branch of Timber Creek. On a tributary of 
the latter stream he built a saw-mill, which has 
been removed, but the site may still be seen. 
From this circumstance the stream is called 
Thome's Mill Branch. It is believed that Thorne 
lived in this locality and reared his family here, 
but since none of that name have been here for 
many years, no authenticated statement to that 
effect can be made. 

Dr. John II. Stevenson, of Haddonfield, is of the 
opinion that William was the father of Joseph 
Thorne, who commanded a company in the Second 
Battalion of Gloucester County Volunteers in the 
army of the Revolution. The family Bible in the 
doctor's possession shows that Captain Thorne 
was born about 1783, and that he was married to 
Isabella Cheeseman, whose family lived on a tract 
of land adjacent to Thome's, on the north branch 
of Timber Creek. In 178'J, Richard Cheeseman 
had a landing at that place. After the Revolution, 
and as recently as 1800, Captain Thorne lived at 
Haddonfield, but spent his last days at the home 
of his son-in-law, Thomas Stevenson, at Steven- 
son's mill. There he died at the age of ninety 
years, and was bliried in the Newton Cemetery. 
His children were Mary, born 1757; John, bom 
1758; Keziah, born 17(!0 ; Joseph, bom 1762; 
Samuel, born 1764 ; and Rebecca, born 1768. As 
stated above, the members bearing the name of 
Thorne in this vicinity died many years ago, the 
only posterity remaining being descendants of the 
daughter. These were married — Keziah to John 
Kay ; Rebecca to Thomas Stevenson, grandfather 
of Dr. John R. Stevenson ; and Mary to James 



Clement. The latter family had one son and two 
daughters, Elizabeth and Ann. The former mar- 
ried Nathan Bunker, a native of New England, 
who was a merchant in Philadelphia. Their 
daughter became the wife of James W. Paul, one 
of whose sons married the daughter of A. J. Dre.\el, 
and a daughter became the wife of the Hon. Wm. 
B. ,\stor, of New York. The names of other early 
settlers appear in connection with the church 
histories of the township. 

Civil Or<;anization. — The original township 
ofGloucester was erected, June 1, 1695, by the 
grand jury of Gloucester County, with bounds as 
follows : " From y*" said Newton Creek branch to 
y' lowermost branch of ye Gloucester River shall 
be another constablewick or township." In the 
same report the title of this new township is given 
as Gloucester, and Elias Hugg named as the con- 
stable. Extending thus southeastward indefinitely, 
its limits, not named above, were undefined until 
1765, when Samuel Clement surveyed all the head- 
lines of the township in the county. For more 
than half a century the township extended from 
the Delaware River to the Atlantic Ocean, and for 
a like period from the river to the extreme end of 
what is now Winslow township. The latter town- 
ship was formed out of the territory of Gloucester, 
by legislative enactment, March 8, 1845. But the 
western boundary of the township had already 
been moved eastward; in November, 1831, by the 
erection of Union township, which subsequently, 
in 1855, became the present Centre township. Thus 
reduced, the area of Gloucester was thirty-five and 
sixty-six one-hundredths square miles ; but in 
1850 a few square miles were taken off, in the 
neighborhood of Berlin; and annexed to Water- 
ford townshii), leaving (Gloucester in its present 
condition. These frequent changes have caused 
the records to be mislaid, which prevents the com- 
pilation of a complete civil list. Since 1862 the 
following have been the jirincipal officers : 

VlerkK 

lsn:i. Iliirff Wnoilrow. 1871. Joshua B. Sickler. 

Isr,4. AiiiobC. Stevenson. 1S73-74. Samuel W. Lamb. 

18(1,']. Amos C. Stevenson. 1875-76. Joshua G. Edwards. 

18(in. C. W. Taylor. 1877-78. Joseph T. Wood. 

18(17. Ht-njaniin K. Sliarj). I87'.l. Samuel Shaffer. 

18118-611. Tlieo. v. W"alk<-r. 1880. Joseph T. Wood. 

187(1. Theo. K. Walker. 1881-86. Edward M. JIurpliy. 



186:!-l,4. Kobort lleni 
lSr,,V74. John North, 



1S7.')-7!1. Josliua B. Sickler. 
1880-86. Edward J. Coles. 



Collectors. — In this period the townshi|> collect- 
ors have been Samuel P. Chew, Van Bnren Giffin 
and Joseph T. Wood. 



AUTOGRAPHS OF SETTLERS IN THE TERRITORY OF OLD GLOUCESTER 

TOWNSHIP. 



'A^ 




first'settler. Sheriff of old Gloucester Couuty. Died 171S, 

leaving one son, Jacob. -^^^^ ^^^^1^^^ ^^^^ ^1^^ ^^^^^^ ^,. ,^,g^, t,.^,.^ of 

laud. Died 170(!. Had sons John, 
Elias, Joseph and Charles. 




G 



(J7m^ 



A first settler. Lawyer and King's attorney. Died 1719. 

Had sons Ephraim, Joseph, Ebenezer, Richard, 

John, Othniel and William. 




llfll 



'^/L 



Eldest son of John, the emigrant. 

Died 1730. Had sons Joseph, 

Gabriel, John, Elias 

and Jacob. 



Sou of Joseph, the emigrant. Died 1758, 
leaving sons Joseph and Samuel. 



Youngest son of John, Jr., the son of 
John, the emigrant. 



A first settler. Died 1710. Had sons 
Samuel, John and Josiah. 



One of the first Newton settlers. Died in 
1702, and left sons Benjamin and Thomas. 



Came from Long Island. Married Mary 

Thorne, and had sons Thomas, 

John T., Samuel, Isaac, 

Joseph and Jacob. 



Son of Jacob the first settler. He was a 
practical surveyor of Haddonfield. 



/ 



678 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Jiialices of the Peace. — The justices of the peace 
in the same length of time were, — 

\Vin. B. Bettle. 
Kobert Henderson. 
Jiwob I. Sayei-s. 
Robert Henderson. 
Jacob C. Lippincott. 
Charlee Alexander. 



.Joshua B. SickU-r. 
John North, Sr. 
Theodore F. Walker. 
Beujamin Williams. 
Jonathan W. Checseman. 
Edward M. Murphy. 



John n. Magee, 

The only accounts obtainable, from any of the 
records which have been preserved, pertain to the 
division of the township into road districts, in 
182!). .Tames D. Dotterer, Samuel M. Thorn and 
William Monroe were the township committee 
that year, and the following were the overseers: 
William Peacock, Josiah Ware, Josiah Albertson, 
Jesse King, Isaac Hugg, Jonathan Powell, Rich- 
ard Bettle, David Albertson and Jacob Ware. 

VILLAGES. 

In the northwestern part of the township, on the 
turnpike of the same name, is the old hamlet of 
White Horse, so called from the old tavern whose 
sign was adorned with the figure of a white horse. 
Previous to the building of the railroad it was a 
popular stopping-place for travelers from Phil- 
adelphia to Egg Harbor, but for many years has 
had a limited local patronage only. Among those 
best remembered as keepers liave been Ephraim 
Hillraan, Joseph Wolohon, Minor Rogers, John 
Sharp, William Carson and the present Erastus 
Davis. Half a dozen houses and shops were built 
in this locality, the latter being yet carried on. 
Soon after the building of the Camden and At- 
lantic Railroad a station was located near this 
place, which also bore the name of White Horse ; 
and for a time there was a post-office, with the 
same name. After its discontinuance, another 
office was established, with the name of Marl 
City, whose use was prostituted by unscrupulous 
Philadelphia parties, when the department discon- 
tinued it. About fifteen years ago a new post- 
office was established with the name of 

KiRKWOOD, in compliment to Joel P. Kirkbride, 
an influential farmer living in Waterford, near the 
station, which also received this name. Theodore 
B. Bibbs was appointed postmaster and was 
succeeded by the jjresent incumbent, Ephraim 
Tomlinson. The latter opened the first regular 
store in the place in 1870, building a new store in 
1886. Here are, also, the extensive ice-houses of 
the Wilson Coal and Ice Company and the fine 
flouring-mill of J. P. Kirkbride, the latter being 
in Waterford township. Coopers Creek was here 
first improved to operate a saw-mill, but in 1838 a 
small grist-mill was built, which passed into the 
hands of the present owner in 1850, and was by 



him improved to its present condition. The mill- 
pond is a large and attractive sheet of water, bor- 
dered on the Gloucester side by a beautiful grove. 
This became the property of the railroad company 
a few years ago, and was converted into 

Lakeside Park. — These popular pleasure-grounds 
embrace about seventy acres of land, well in- 
closed and provided with the means to secure 
rest and enjoyment. In the grove are many native 
pines, whose odors add to the sense of enjoyment. 
The lake has been well supplied with small boats, 
and in the park are many devices to amuse and 
recreate the wearied mind and body. The company 
has provided abundant transportation facilities, 
which has secured a liberal patronage for the park 
from Philadelphia. 

Kirkwood Marl and Fertilizing Company was or- 
ganized in January, 1879, with John Lucas, presi- 
dent ; Joel P. Kirkbride, secretary and treasurer ; 
George M. Rogers, superintendent; John F. 
Bodine, Peter L. Voorhees and Harvey Quicksall. 
directors. The company work the marl-beds near 
Kirkwood, first developed, to a considerable ex- 
tent, by Minor Rogers, and later worked by George 
M. Rogers, until the present management took 
charge of them. The marl here found is of superior 
quality, lying about three feet below the surface of 
the ground, and the bed has a depth of fifteen feet. 
Easy means of shipment are provided by track 
from the railroad, which runs through the beds. 
For the manufacture of fertilizers suitable build- 
ings and machinery have been provided. About 
twelve men are employed. 

The discovery and use of these fertilizing agents, 
added to the natural richness of the soil in 
this locality, has made splendid farm improve- 
ments possible. Among the finest may be named 
the farm-buildings of Alexander Cooper, E. W. 
Coffin, Ephraim Tomlinson, J. P. Kirkbride and 
Esaias E. Hunt. 

LiNDENWOLD is a projected suburban town on the 
Camden and Atlantic Railroad, one-half a mile 
south of Kirkwood. It was founded in the fall of 
1885, and consists of two tracts of land, No. 1 bor- 
dering on Lakeside Park, and lying on both sides 
of the railroad. It contains ninety acres of land, 
and was the property of John A. Ellsler. Tract No_ 
2 adjoins the above-described, and extends south- 
ward to the White Horse turnpike, having an area 
of one hundred and forty acres, which has been 
surveyed into lots and placed upon the market by 
the Penn Guarantee Trust Association, of which 
Winer Bedford is the secretary. The latter erected 
the first building in the new town, which had, in 
May, 1886, a number of residences in process of 




wiA 



ii^L-tyyy^i- 



'lA^i^v'tyiyiri^ yA^ 



THE TOWNSHIP OF GLOU(M'].STEll. 



679 



conslruction, iiidieatiug a propemus future fur the 
village. 

The first busiuess place was the otiice of the 
South Jersey Advertiser, published here since Feb- 
ruary, 18SG. The paper was established at Cam- 
den, January 1, 1880, by C. E. Linch, as a seveu- 
coluiun folio, devoted to general news. Its publi- 
cation in that city was continued until November 
15, 1885, when the paper became the property of 
Frank T. Coe, who removed it to Clemeuton, where 
it was published until its transfer by Coe to Lin- 
denwold. It is uow issued as a six-column quarto, 
independent in polities and devoted to local and 
county news. 

Clementox. — Clemeuton is a small village on 
the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railroad, five 
miles east of Chews Landing. The first improve- 
ments were on the north branch of Timber Creek, 
which here aSbrds a good water-power, and con- 
sisted of small saw-mills and grist-mills. They were 
gotten in operation about one hundred and fifty 
years ago by Andrew Newman, and one of the early 
owners was William Lawrence, who built part of 
the house which now forms the Gibbs mansion. 
Lawrence had in his service a German redemp- 
tionist, named Christopher Kneiser, who succeeded 
to the ownership of the property, removing after 
a few years to Philadelphia. After his death 
Samuel Clement and some business associates be- 
came the owners of the property, operating the 
mills and also built a glass-factory some time be- 
fore 1825, which they successfully carried on sev- 
eral years. It stood on a hill in what is now a 
pear-orchard, opposite the residence of Cyrus 
Watson, and had an eight-pot furnace. Both hol- 
low and flat-ware were manufactured, and as this 
was one of the first factories in this jiart of the 
country, it was visited by a large number of sight- 
seers, many sleighing-parties of young people go- 
ing there from long distances. These found en- 
tertainment in the large gambrel-roofed house on 
an adjoining lot, which was, at that time, kept as 
an inn. 

A number of dwellings for the use of the 
operatives had been built on the hill about the 
time the glass-works were located, some of which 
were removed many years ago. The ghiss-works 
were discontinued before 18:W, and, as the em- 
ployees moved to Gloucester County, the village 
(which had been called Clemeuton, in compliment 
to Samuel Clement) was left with nothing but its 
milling interests. After being owned by Thomas 
Eisdon, Jonathan Riley became the owner of this 
property, and in the course of years sold it to 
Isaac Tomlinson, from whose heirs T. B. Gibbs 



and L. W. Snyder bought the mills in 1872 and 
continued to operate them. 

Gu the same stream, some distance above, is the 
lumber-mill of Seth C. Bishop, and the Laurel 
Mills, owned by Ephraim Tomlinson, both doing 
good service 

Ephkaim To.mlinsox is a lineul descendant of 
Joseph Tomlinson, who came to New Jersey from 
London, England, in I(J8(), and iu his native laud wjis 
a member of Horseleydown Friends' Meeting. 
When Joseph Tomlinson arrived iu this country he 
was apprenticed to Thomas Sharp to learn the trade 
of dyeing. When he attained his majority he en- 
tered eagerly into the political affairs of his adopted 
country. He is said to have built tlie first Friends' 
Meeting-house at Newton. He was married in 
1600. and located one hundred and seventeen acres 
in Gloucester township, adjoining lands of Joseph 
Wood. 'In 1695 he was chosen sheriff of Glouces- 
ter County, and in 1(596 was appointed King's at- 
torney, which position he held for many years, and 
by his ability and integrity retained the confidence 
of his associates to his death, in 1719. His chil- 
dren were Ephraim, Joseph, Ebenezer, Richard, 
John, Othniel, William, Elizabeth, Mary and 
Ann. Elizabeth married Bartholomew Wyatt; 
Ephraim settled near the old homestead; Joseph 
occupied the home property ; John located three 
hundred acres near Gravelly Run ; William moved 
to Waterford township ; Othniel removed to Salem 
County, and in 1753 took up his residence iu Ches- 
ter County, Pennsylvania, near Concord Meiiting- 
house ; Ephraim, son of Ephraim, succeeded to 
the homestead. It next became the property of 
Benjamin, from whom it p.assed to James, brother 
of Ephraim Tomlinson, the subject of this sketch. 
The old Harding mill, owned by the present Eph- 
raim, is now called Laurel Mills, and adjoins the 
old homestead, situated on the north branch of 
Great Timber Creek. Ephraim Tomlinson, and 
Sarah, his wife, had three children, — Ephraim, 
Mary and Elizabeth. He was a minister in meet- 
ing, and walked from Timber Creek farm to New- 
ton Meeting, the country being mostly timber 
land, through which he ]>assed to meeting. 

Ephraim, who was born August 28, 1742, settled 
on Timber Creek, and was married to Ann Olden, 
November 11, 17G7. Their children were Sarah, 
married to David assett; Lydia, who died youug; 
Elizabeth, who married John Inskeep ; Catherine, 
who was the wife of Robert Stiles; James, who 
died in infancy ; Joseph, who married Mary Cooper j 
Benjamin, who married Frances Haines; Sarah 
and Ephraim, who died young. Benjamin Tom- 
linson, by his marriage with Frances Haines, 



680 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



had but one child, Ephraim Tomlinson, who has 
been long identified with the business interests of 
Gloucester township. He was but a few days old 
when his mother died, January 1807. 

He married Sarah T. Inskeep, daughter of John 
and Elizabeth Inskeep, of Evesham, and had the 
following children: Elizabeth I., Frances H., Ann, 
died young; William I., Edwin, Martha H., 
Ephraim and B. Albert. 

Ephraim Tomlinson cultivated three large farms, 
grazed from forty to one hundred head of cattle 
yearly, erected and conducted three stores, a saw- 
mill and flour-mill, the mills being remodeled by 
him later. One of the tracts he cleared of tim- 
ber and made of it a good farm. He erected 
comfortable and substantial mansions and out- 
buildings on all of them. He has been always 
anxious to improve his neighborhood, and to lend 
a helping-hand to his fellow-man, and is conscien- 
tious to be just and upright in all his dealings. 
In 1886, while in his eightieth year, he had 
cleared a large tract of land which was entirely 
covered with timber and brush ; it is fast develop- 
ing into another good farm. 

Ephraim Tomlinson, in 1873, retired from his 
mill property in Gloucester township, and has 
since resided in Waterford township. In ISGl he 
was elected a director in the State Bank of Cam- 
den, and was one of the directors when the charter, 
in 1865, was changed, and the institution became 
a national bank. He held the position as director 
in 1886, when he resigned, and his son-in-law, 
John Gill, was elected to fill the vacancy. 

Like his ancestor.s, he attends the Society of 
Friends, and, at the age of eighty years, wonder- 
fully preserves his mental and physical vigor. 

In the old tavern building, long since used as a 
private dwelling, Matthew Mountainy opened the 
first store in the place, being succeeded by Jere- 
miah Seeds. The latter afterwards established a 
store on the ridge east from this place, where he 
continues in trade. 

Additions to Clementon have been platted by 
George A. Baghurst and others, and a number of 
houses have recently been built for suburban 
homes by business men of Philadelphia. In the 
new additions are fine building sites which will be 
improved so as to make this a very attractive 
place. The first public building was the Town Hall, 
erected in the summer of 1886 by the Clementon 
Hall Association, which was incorporated with a 
capital stock of two thousand dollars, June 3, 
1886. The members of the association were Theo- 
dore B. Gibbs, George A. Baghurst, George H. 
Higgins, Charles Bendler, Thomas Grist, John R. 



Rowand, Joseph Lippincott, R. W. Jaggard, 
George Summerfield, Abel Battoms, Nicholas 
Bryan, George Cullum and James S. Gibbs. It is 
a two-story I'rame structure, with sittings for three 
hundred persons. In June, 1886, ClementoQ had 
twenty-five residences, two small stores and a post- 
office. 

Watsontown is the name applied to a scattered 
hamlet on the Berlin and White Horse turnpike, 
a mile from Clementon. The only business inter- 
est is a small store kept by Aaron C. Watson. Near 
this place, on a branch of Timber Creek, is a mill 
for refining and pulverizing charcoal, operated by 
water-power, owned by John Rowand ; and a mile 
distant is a similar mill, operated by steam-power, 
which is the property of Hillman Rowand. 

Brownstown, a hamlet on a branch of the North 
branch of Timber Creek, is a little more than a 
mile from Clementon. It took its name from Wil- 
liam Brown, who had a saw-mill and carried on a 
lumber business at that place on an extensive scale. 
After the discontinuance of the mill Brownstown 
became ordinary farm property. 

Davistown is a hamlet of colored peojile, hav- 
ing no business interests, and is located a little 
east of the centre of the township. It derived its 
name from Solomon Davis, a venerable negro, 
who lived at this point many years. Through his 
efforts, assisted by the whites in that locality, a 
Methodist meeting-house for the use of the colored 
people was there built about 1850, and has since 
been kept up. It is a very plain building and the 
congregation has no regular preacher. 

Spring Mills is the name of a manufacturing 
hamlet on Great Timber Creek, one and a half 
miles above Blackwood. The location is highly 
picturesque and the water-power at this point is 
not excelled in this county. It is utilized to the 
extent of one hundred horse-power, while the 
volume unemployed is fully as great. As early as 
1810 this was the site of the Bates & Wilkins saw- 
mills, which later became the property of Jacob 
Glover. The improvements were very meagre and 
as late as 1836 a dense growth of tanglewood 
covered all but a small clearing around the mill. 
At that time the Indian name, Tetamekon, was 
frequently applied to the locality. About this 
period the advantages of this site for manufactur- 
ing purposes were recognized, and, in 1836, Carr & 
Lunt, of Philadelphia, purchased the property and 
established what have since become widely known 
as the Spring Mills Agricultural Works. In a few 
years William H. Carr became the sole owner, 
carrying on the works, with Stephen Bateman as 
his manager. He was a practical machinist, from 



THE TOWNSHIP OF GLOUCESTER. 



681 



Naugatuck, Conn., and his labors here were char- 
acterized by the energy pecnliar to the natives of 
that State. His first operations were confined to 
the manufacture of forks and shovels, those articles 
being here made complete. The lumber u.scd was 
brought in scows to Good Intent, which at that 
time had tide-water communication, and was there 
worked into handles. The finished goods were 
carted to Philadelphia, where their superior 
quality secured them a ready sale, and notwith- 
standing the disadvantages of location, the busi- 
ness prospered so that twenty men were employed. 
The first building was at the lower power, but 
soon after another set of buildings were put up, on 
the opposite side of the stream, for foundry pur- 
poses, which were carried on under the superin- 
tendence of Thomas Loring, of Troy, N. Y. Here 
butt-hinges were also made. In 1852 this build- 
ing was destroyed by fire and a part of the building 
now on that site was erected it its stead. In 
October, 1860, Stephen Bateman became the 
owner of the property, and on the breaking out of 
the war engaged in the manufacture of agricultural 
implements and wagons. 

Soon after Loring established his foundry below 
these works, improving a small power for that 
])urpose, where he continued some years, when 
the place was abandoned. In October, 1863, 
E. S. & F. Bateman assumed the business of 
their father, and continued to produce the same 
line of goods. Six years later the manufacture 
of wagons was discontinued, and from that time 
cultivators were made a specialty. 

In 1866 the Patent Metallic Company, of Phila- 
delphia, bought a part of the power and put up 
buildings for the manufacture of metallic roofing 
continuing operations until 1876, when the fiictory 
was transferred to Philadelphia. These buildings, 
and others more recently erected, are all occu- 
pied by the present firm of Fj. S. & F. Bateman. 
E. L. Wilson became a partner in the firm in 1883, 
and since 1884 they have been the sole owners of 
the entire property. The plant embraces twenty- 
seven acres of land, several mansions and half a 
dozen tenements, in addition to the factory build- 
ings proper. 

These are arranged in three gr(>uj)s, each 
having its separate power, No. 1 being devoted 
to steel-forging and wood-working machinery. No. 
2 to polishing work and No. .'! to iron-forging and 
general work. There are also spacious storage 
rooms and oflices. With tlie aid of improved 
machinery the capacity of the works has been 
greatly augmented, without increasing the number 
of workmen. In May, 1886, the employees num- 



bered fifty, who manufactured eighteen thousand 
" Iron Age Cultivators " per year. 

On the turnpike, near the works, is the spacious 
mercantile house of J. C. Bradshaw, erected in 
188.5, which is, in its appointments, complete be- 
yond the ordinary stores in small villages. Here 
is kept the Spring Mills post-ofiice, of which J. C. 
Bradshaw has been the postmaster since its estab- 
lishment, in 1876. 

The Lost Town of Upton. — Upton was the 
name given to an embryo town, founded in the latter 
part of the seventeenth century by some of the first 
settlers of old (jrloucester County. It is supposed 
that most of them had located there temporarily only 
after their arrival in this country, in order to se- 
cure the protection against Indian attacks which 
such a settlement would afford, or until they could 
look about and select permanent homes. The 
Indians proving peaceable and the town-site pos- 
sessing no advantages to make it a commercial 
point, it was abandoned more than a hundred and 
fifty years ago, and for a longtime its very location 
was involved in doubt; hence LTpton is a lost 
town. 

It was situated on the north side of the south 
branch of Timber Creek, near the head of tide 
navigation, about one and a half miles below 
Blackwood, and derived its name from Upton, 
in Berkshire, England, where resided Thomas 
Staunton, the proprietor of the land. In 1687 he 
sold it to Richard Ever, and in 1688 the latter 
disposed of his interests to John Ladd. The 
same year James Whitall bought a part of this 
tract of land and built the first house at Up- 
ton. He made a number of improvements and 
very likely opened the first public-house. In 
leO.') John Hedger, Thomas Stephens and John 
Too purchased lots, and real estate was also bought 
in 1697 by William and Israel Ward, in 1698 by 
Thomas Bull and Edward Williams, in 1699 by 
Richard Chew, in 1700 by John Brown, aud by 
Arthur Powell in 1701. 

In 1697 occurred the first wedding of the town, 
of which any record has been preserved, and the 
document is so unique that it is here produced in 
its quaint form, — 

" The sixteenth uf Xoveiuh./r, Anno HWT. This may certify whi)m 
it may concern that I, George Ward, of ye Towno of Upton and 
County of Gloucester, and Hannah Waynwright, of Woodberry 
Creek, have been Published according to Law, and nothing appear- 
ing contrary in any wise to hinder them, they have proceeded at a 
public place appointed for that purpose as followcth : Y» said George 
sUiuding upand taking y« said Hannah by y« hand, saith as foUow- 
eth : I, George Ward, in y° presence of God and this Assembly, Take 
Hannah Wayiiivright to my Wife, promising to be a loving Husband 
untill Death sepperato ; and she, y e'd Hannah in like manner saith 
—I, Uauuah Waynwright, in y presence of God aud this A.'^uuibly, 



682 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



take George Ward to be my husband, promising to bo a loueing 
Ffaithfull Wife till Death Sepperate. 

hor 

"Hannah X Waynwright." 

mark 

hie 

" George X Ward. 

mark 

The persons present were, — ■ 

*' John Brown. John Ashbrook. 

Israel Ward. Thomas Bull. 

William Ward. .Tames Whitall. 

John Tatum. Samuel Taylor. 

Thomas Gibson. John Kuno. 

Isaac Wood. Elizabeth Tatum. 

Charles Crossthwait. Susannah Waynwright. 

" December y first Anno 1697, The within certificate was ordered 
to be recoi'ded by 

" Tiio. GARnNF.R, Justice. 
"Decembers, 1697, Entr. E.\am. and Recorded pr me, 

"John Readino, 7?«c. 
" Testes. John Reading.'' 

It IS likely that this George Ward was either a 
brother or son of one of the Wards named above, 
and subsequently he became a land-owner himself, 
at what is now Blackwood. 

Richard Chew bought the Whitall property, 
which was better improved than the rest, as his 
buildings appear to have withstood the ravages of 
time longer than the others erected at this place, 
which, being disused, soon went to decay. In 1723 
he conveyed the Whitall property to his son 
Thomas, who, in 1740, had a re-survey of the land 
made, by means of which the location of the ob- 
literated town was made possible. The most of the 
buildings ceased to serve their purposes soon after 
1700, the tavern building, which was also a farm- 
house, being one of the last left standing. But 
even this was abandoned after more direct lines of 
travel were established, becoming a deserted inn, 
in a deserted village, not unlike the one so faithful- 
ly portrayed by Goldsmith, — 

" Near yonder thorn, that lifts its head on high. 
Where once the sign- post caught the passing eye, 
Low lies that house where nut-brown draughts iusinred, 
Where gray-beard niirth and smiling toil retired ; 
Where village statesmen talked with looks profound. 
And news much older than their ale went round." 

The houses these villagers occupied when living 
have all passed away, but the resting-place of their 
dead remains. They established a grave-yard on 
the hill, near by, which has been kept up to the 
present time and is reasonably well preserved. It 
was formerly called Wallan's grave-yard, but is 
now better known as Powell's. The descendants 
of the Arthur Powell mentioned heretofore en- 
larged the ground and put the yard in good con- 
dition. Interments are yet occasionally made by 
families whose ancestors had once resided at Up- 
ton. 



Chews Landing is on the north branch of Tim- 
ber Creek, now the head of tide-water navigation 
on that stream. By direct turnpike from Camden it 
is distant nine miles. Though antedating the 
Revolution, and being at one time a place of con- 
siderable importance as a shipping point, the place 
has never grownbeyond the proportions of a strag- 
gling village. There are two churches, several 
stores and about thirty dwellings. The name of 
the place was derived from Jeremiah Chew, who 
was a descendant of the Thomas Chew living at 
Upton. He made some of the first improvenaents, 
including a wharf, or landing, for the flat-boats 
plying between this point and Philadelphia, and 
opened the first tavern. A part of this house is 
still standing on the hill, which is also one of the 
original buildings Before the Revolution, Aaron 
Chew, the only son of.Jeremiah, became the owner of 
the former building. It was kept as a tavern, in 
1780, by John Hedger, and John Lewis had charge 
of the landing. 

An Incident of the Revolution. — A few years be- 
fore this it was the scene of a stirring incident. 
Aaron Chew and a number of his neighbors had 
espoused the patriot cause, and, being in the 
neighborhood of their homes, made a visit to their 
friends. Their presence Avas reported to the British 
who dispatched a party of dragoons to capture 
them. They surrounded the tavern, where Aaron 
Chew and some of his companions were, firing a 
number of bullets into the building, some of which 
are yet imbedded in the cedar logs, of which its 
walls are constructed. The inmates took refuge 
in the cellar of the house, and, thinking they had 
a favorable opportunity to escape, Aaron Chew and 
Josiah Albertson attempted to run across a small 
field into the woods, but were seized as they were 
passing over the fence. The latter eluded his cap- 
tors, but Chew was taken to New York and was 
confined as a prisoner on Long Island. In 1780 
he was at New Lott, on parole, but being a high- 
spirited man and chafing under the restraint those 
in charge placed upon him, resented some of the 
indignities to which he was subjected. This caused 
him to be reported to the commandant, who wrote 
him the following letter: 



' Hir : 



'New York, August \b, 1780. 



" Complaint is brought against you from your Landlord, that you 
have abused him and his wife. I hope you will be careful to con- 
duct yourself in such a manner as becomes a prisoner, and that you 
will not give your Landlord any further cause of calling at this 
office to remonstrate against you, -which will prevent any further 
trouble. 

" I am, sir, your humble servant, 

" John Winslow, IX Com. Prisoners. 

" Lieut, .\aron Chew. Prisoner on parcle at New Lott, L-:ng 
Island. ■• 



THE TOWNSHIP OF GLOUCESTER. 



683 



Not long after, Chew was allowed to return 
home, in good health, and survived the war a num- 
ber of j'ears. But he was always outspoken iu his 
hostility towards the British and rejoiced that he 
could live to see his country independent and 
prosperous. He died in 1805 at the age of fifty- 
four years and is interred in St. John's burial- 
ground. 

His son Aaron was the father of Samuel P. 
Chew, who was born in this village August 19, 
1816. He was carefully educated, studied law, but 
adopted surveying as his profession. On account 
of his poor health his work was confined princi- 
pally to his own neighborliood, where it gave good 
satisfaction, as he was careful and methodical. 
His delicate constitution predisposed him to con- 
sumption, which ended his life October 13, 1875. 
As he had no sous, he was the hist male member 
of the Chew family in this part of the county. 

Hannah, a daughter of Lieutenant Aaron Chew, 
the Revolutionary soldier, was married to George 
Hand, of Wilmington, Del., but becoming a wid- 
ow, had for her second husband John Clement, of 
Haddonfield. 

The elder Chews were in business at Chews 
Landing, and had, as early neighbors and business 
contemporaries, Christopher Sickler and family. 
He lived at the upper bridge, where his son Chris- 
topher was born iu 1774. After attaining man- 
hood the latter built the house now at that place 
and also conducted a store there for some time. 
Of his sons, John R., born September 20, 1800, 
became a physician and later the editor of a Cam- 
den paper. Jazer and Joshua, his brothers, engaged 
in business at Chews Landing. The latter began 
merchandising near the centre of the village in 
1839, selling out to Jazer Sickler and began hotel- 
keeping near by. This public-house is still con- 
tinued, but the old Chew tavern was converted into 
a residence about forty years ago. 

In 1855, Joshua Sickler opened another store 
and was appointed postmaster, continuing in busi- 
ness until 1882, when his son, Edward P., succeed- 
ed him, being the present postmaster. 

Near the old Chew tavern the North family has 
been engaged in merchandising the past fifty years, 
John North, Sr., being the postmaster from 1872 
until his death in 1885. 

Chews Landing lost its importance as a shipping 
point after the country was cleared up and there 
was no longer any wood or lumber for market, but 
an occasional barge still lands here, loaded with coal 
or manure from Philadelphia. The fdling up of 
the stream has lessened the flow of the tide, which 
is now no more than four feet at the highest. Be- 



fore the building of the Camden and Atlantic 
Railroad all the eastern sei'tion of the township 
and much of Waterfbrd shipped their heavy pro- 
duce from the Landing. Several wharves were 
maintained, and in addition to this shipping inter- 
est, boat-building was carried on, principally by 
John North, Joseph Wolohon and Edmund 
Brewer. The latter built a boat of about three 
. hundi'ed tons capacity for Samuel Merrill, all the 
work being done here except the rigging, which 
was fitted up at Philadelphia. Usually the capac- 
ity was from fifty to sixty tons and there was but 
one small mast. No boats have lately been built, 
and when this interest was discontinued many in- 
habitants removed and Chews Landing thenceforth 
became an ordinary country trading point. 

The Village of Blackwood, the oldest and 
largest village in the township, is delightfully sit- 
uated on the main branch of Timber ("reek, eleven 
miles southeast from Camden and six miles north- 
east from Woodbury, being connected with both 
places by good turnpikes. It contains half a doz- 
en business places, Presbyterian, Baptist and 
Methodist Churches, a good graded school and a 
number of neat residences. The village proper 
has about three hundred inhabitants. Including 
the hamlets of Mechanicsville and Good Intent, 
which are iu the immediate locality, the popula- 
tion is considerably increased. 

Early Settlers. — At ihe latter place, which is 
partly in Gloucester County, the first improve- 
ments of a business nature were made. In 1701 
(icorge Ward, of the town of Upton, bought a 
tract of two hundred and fifty acres of land of 
Thomas Bull, of the same place, and soon after 
improved the water-power, which was on this 
land, by erecting small mills at what is now Good 
Intent, the buildings being just below the present 
bridge. On the 10th of July, 1705, George Ward 
conveyed to John Royton two acres of the above 
tract, " together with one-half of the grist-mill and 
the fulling-mill ; also one-half of the stream and 
bank-race belonging to said mills, and the houses, 
buildings, press, coppers and the other utensils 
proper and necessary to be used for carrying on 
the said works of grinding, fulling, dyeing and 
pressing." On the 18th of April, 1741, George 
Ward sold ninety-five acres of the aforesaid tract 
of land to John Blackwood, and on the 24th of 
the same month, in 1752, Blackwood bought one 
hundred acres more, which included what is now 
the site of the village, which was known many 
years as Blackwoodtown. It is probable that 
Blackwood settled here about the date of the first 
purchase, for in 1750 he was the chief supporter 



684 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



of and contributor to the building of the Presby- 
terian Church ou part of his lands. 

Meantime, Charles Read had become the owner 
of the old Ward mills, having purchased the same 
at sheriff's sale. In 1759 he conveyed them to 
John Blackwood, and some years afterward his son 
James became the owner of at least part of the 
property. Thomas Wharton subsequently owned 
the mills and other changes of ownership took 
place. In 1800 they were called Kay's Mills, and 
before 1820 the fulling-mill had been abandoned, 
the only improvements being a small saw and 
grist-mill. 

Industrial Establishments. — About this 
time Garrett Newkirk, of Philadelphia, became 
the owner of the property, and in 1829 erected the 
first Good Intent cloth-mill, which was gotten in 
operation the following year. Jonas Livermore 
was placed in charge of the weaving department 
and also started the first circular-saw mill a year 
or so later. The factory building was three stories 
high, forty by sixty feet, and the mill was operated 
upon satinets. Some time before 1840 it was de- 
stroyed by fire, but was at once rebuilt in much 
the same form as at first. About eight years later it 
was again burned down, when, after a brief per- 
iod, it was erected in the form that it now appears. 
The main building is sixty by one hundred and 
twenty feet, one story high, and is a stone struc- 
ture. The finishing-house is thirty by one hun- 
dred feet and two stories high. 

The plant also embraces a flouring mill and 
twenty-two tenements. The property is owned by 
a company in which Jonas Livermore has a one- 
fourth interest, his associates living outside of the 
county. 

Since the war of 1861-65 the works have been 
operated, under leases, by a number of parties, in 
the manufacture of woolen goods, oil-cloths and 
last upon horse-blankets. All but the grist-mill 
have been inoperative the past few years, and, in 
consequence, many of the former employees have 
removed, and the place has lost its busy aspect. 

Old Hotels : — At the centre of the village of 
Blackwood, opposite the grave-yard, is the oldest 
building in the place, which has, since its erection 
before the Revolution, been used as a public-house. 
In 1790, Samuel Blackwood .sold it to Samuel 
Cheeseman ; and nine years after, the latter con- 
veyed it to Robert Chew. At this time John 
Sharp, Richard Cheeseman, Samuel Strong and 
John Morgan appear to have been the owners of 
the contiguous property, embracing, in the main, 
the village as it then was. Richard Tice, David 
Eldridge, John Jones, John Wilkins and David 



Morgan were successive landlords before 1831, 
when Edward Middleton took charge of the place. 
His son-in-law, Uriah Norcross, then established a 
line of daily stages to Camden, since which period 
the village has had a slow and uneventful growth, 
but each year making a little advancement. 

Norcross Stage Lines. — The stage lines estab- 
lished by Norcross were not confined to the county. 
He had a line from Philadelphia to Cape May, and 
interests in lines to the south, the east and the 
west. Having his headcjuarters at Blackwood, it 
was, in consequence a busy place, as he had large 
stables of horses, numbering at times more than 
thirty. In the course of years an opposition line 
was established, from the " village to Camden," 
which the old driver regarded as an encroachment 
upon his rights, and determined to reseat at any 
cost. The fai'e was i-educed to a merely nominal 
sum, runners were employed to solicit patronage 
and the stages once started, reckless driving was 
indulged in. It was no unusual thing for Nor- 
cross to fasten a large brush, formed out of the 
branches of cedar trees, to the rear of one of his 
vehicles, and then dash ahead of his rival, giving 
him the full benefit of all the dust, and often en- 
abling the indomitable Jehu to come in first at 
the finish. Collisions were frequent, and, in con- 
sequence, many cases of litigation ensued, which 
caused some diversion in the courts of that day. 

A well-equipped line of stages to Camden is still 
maintained, and a daily line is also run to Wood- 
bury. Some of the Middletons returned to Phila- 
delphia, where Edward P. Middleton amassed great 
wealth. He died, April 1, 1869, and was buried 
at Blackwood, where a very elegant and costly 
monument was erected to his memory, and a mar- 
ble tomb placed over his grave. 

In 1845 George Cheeseman built a brick house, 
in the southern part of the village, which was kept 
some years by him and Charles Sharp as a temper- 
ance hotel. In 1852 it was converted into a board- 
ing school, which was successfully carried on by 
Professors Hinds, Stratton, Bugbee and Hamilton, 
each having the principalship several years. The 
attendance was usually good and embraced among 
the students several young men from Cuba. In 
1872 a public school was kept there a short time, 
when the house was remodeled, and is now the 
residence of Richard Stevenson. 

Stores. — Opposite the old tavern is an old store 
standing, where a number of persons have been 
engaged in trade, including Arthur Brown, Edward 
Turner, Richard and Joseph Williams and Joseph 
and Josiah Wood. David Lamb opened another 
store which was destroyed by fire. A third store 



THE TOWNSHIP OF GLOUCESTER. 



685 



was opened by Arthui- Brown, near the present 
Samuel Hagerman stand. Tlie latter is a larire, 
new store, well appointed and fully stocked. A 
fourth store was opened by Thomas Ashburner, 
in the building which had been erected as ahall by 
the Sons of Temperance, where Edgar J. Coles is at 
present in trade. 

A complete list of the physicians who practiced 
at Chews Landing and Blackwood may be found 
in the general medical chapter. At Blackwood, 
Doctor Henry E. Branin has been a physician of 
successful and extensive practice since 1858, hav- 
ing as his contemporary, at this time. Doctor 
Joseph E. Huoff. 

Mechanicsville is on the Camden turnpike, 
a mile from Blackwood, and contains fifteen houses. 
There were formerly several small stores, and a few 
mechanic shops are yet maintained, from which 
circumstance the hamlet took its name. Its situa- 
tion between Blackwood and Chews Landing is 
unfavorable to its becoming a business point. 

churches. 

The Presbyterian Church at Blackwood.' 
• — The early history of the Presbyterian congrega- 
tion of this village is somewhat obscure, but 
judging I'rom a minute in the records of the 
Presbytery of New Brunswick, at its session held 
in Philadelphia, November 7, 1750, it must have 
been in existence at that date, as a call was then 
extended to Benjamin Chestnut to become the 
pastor, in connection with the congregations at 
Penn's Neck and Woodbury. He had been received 
by the Presbytery the preceding year and was the 
first minister whose pastoral connection with these 
churches is recorded. But there are no means to 
determine who composed the Congregation at the 
head of Timber Creek, nor is it known where the 
first meetings were held. On the 22d of May, 
1751, Mr. Chestnut formally accepted the call which 
bad been extended to him, and, on the 3d of July, 
the same year, was ordained to the ministry. 

In the mean time the people of this place felt the 
necessity of having a house of worship and "pro- 
posed to use their joint endeavors to erect a house 
or Presbyterian Church for public worship in some 
convenient place," and accordingly obtained from 
John Blackwood, October 18, 1751, one month 
after Mr. Chestnut's ordination, one acre of land, 
upon which to build the house, this acre being a 
part of the present burial-ground. Mr. Blackwood 
being a Scotchman and a stanch Presbyterian, 
was foremost in this good work, lie gave the 
people the lot for a merely nominal consideration, 

' Compiled from sketcbes by Eev. F. K. Brace and Dr. Everitt. 



two shillings and sixpence, anil undertook the work 
of building the church. The trustees were Michael 
Fisher, Esq., Joseph lledger, Peter Cheesman, 
John McColloch, Lazarus Pine and Henry Thorne. 
The people subscribed toward the enterprise, but 
some were slow to pay their subscriptions (a fault 
not confined to tliose early days), as we learn from 
the records of Presbytery that " Mr. John Black- 
wood, of the congregation of Timber Creek, rejire- 
scnted to the Presbytery," May 12, 1756, nearly 
five years afterward, " that being employed by the 
said congregation to carry on the work of building 
their meeting-house, he has suffered mucli in his 
worldly interest by the refusal of many persons to 
pay their subscriptions for that purpose, and having 
no way to be relieved in that case, requested the 
assistance of the Presbytery. Presbytery therefore 
recommended to the congregation of Timber Creek 
to consider Mr. Blackwood's case, and by their 
subscriptions, or otherwise, to help make up his 
loss according to their ability, and especially as 
said meeting-house is for the public use of the 
society, and erected at their desire; and the Pres- 
bytery does appoint Mr. Lawrence to preach there 
on Thursday next and endeavor to inculcate the 
same.'' 

This action of the Presbytery, in appointing Mr. 
Lawrence to preach, was made necessary on ac- 
count of Mr. Chestnut's leaving the congregation, 
in 1753. Soon after he began his ministry here 
trouble arose between him and .some of the mem- 
bers, which caused the Presbytery to dismiss him, 
at his request. May 17, 1753. He continued to 
supply the congregation a few months after this, 
but, in November 1753, removed to New Prov- 
idence, where he remained a period of fourteen 
years. 

During this time the congregations were supplied 
with preaching a few Sabbaths each year by Mes- 
srs. Greenman, Lawrence, Hunter, Marten, Ram- 
sey, Beatty, Williams and John Brainerd. In Oc- 
tober, 1766, an unsuccessful effort was made to se- 
cure the latter as pastor, and the following year 
Benjamin Chestnut moved to Blackwood and be- 
gan supplying the pulpits of that church and those 
of Long-a-Coming and Woodbury. A few years 
later a difllculty arose with the congregation at 
Woodbury on account of the congregations not 
having separate church organizations, which be- 
came a matter of consideration for the Presbytery, 
November 7, 1769, on the petitiouof the following 
thirty-three members of the congregation at Tim- 
ber Creek : Lazarus Pine, Peter Cheesman, Samuel 
Perce, Kandal Morgan, Isaac Flaningam, David 
Morgan, Richard Cheesman, Richard Cheesman, 



686 



HISTORY OF CAMDP:N COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Jr., John Walling, Uriah Cheesman, Christopher 
Sickler, John Hedger, Jonathan Wilkins, Peter 
String, Richard Chessman, younger, Richard 
Smallwood, Israel Williams, John Williams, Rob- 
ert Maft'at, William Jolly, Randal Marshall, Thom- 
as Nightingale, Patrick Flaningara, Isaac Dilkes, 
George Morgan, Abraham Morgan, Benjamin 
Brown, John Rodgers, James Perce, William 
Perce, Jacob Burch, Samuel Wild and William 
Kidd. 

In answer to which, Presbytery could only say 
that as there were no commissioners from Wood- 
bury, and the minutes of the committee appointed 
to settle the matter were not present, they would 
defer it to their next meeting. The whole diff'er- 
-encewas afterwards amicably adjusted by the two 
congregations on the following basis : 

" 1st. That the congregations at the head of 
Timber Creek and Woodbury be considered as 
separate congregations under the pastoral care of 
one minister. 

•' 2d. That Timber Creek and Woodbury, though 
separate congregations, have but one session. 

" 3d. That each congregation choose their own 
officers and keep separate subscriptions, and have 
equal service of the ministerial labors of their 
minister. 

■'4th. That the parsonage entirely belong to 
the congregation at the head of Timber Creek, and 
what money Woodbury people have given or may 
give towards the parsonage land or building a 
house thereon, shall be repaid by the Timber 
Creek people again when Woodbury people shall 
purchase a parsonage or build a house." 

This was in November, 1770. 

The parsonage property was sold by David 
Morgan to Michael Fisher, Esq., David Roe, Laz- 
arus Pine, Peter Cheesman, Randal W. Morgan, 
Samuel Blackwood and Abraham Roe, October 18, 
17G5, for the sum of one hundred and sixty-five 
pounds proclamation money, " under this trust and 
confidence, that these men shall and will from 
time to time, and at all times hereafter, permit and 
sutler the Ministers aud Elders of the Presbyterian 
Church of Timber Creek, to receive and take the 
rents, issues and profits of the said estate, to and 
for the use, support and maintenance of such min- 
ister, who shall be duly approved of and appointed 
by the First Presbytery of Philadelphia ; aud also 
to sell and convey the same." 

Mr. Chestnut lived in the parsonage until his 
death, July 21, 1775, when he was interred in the 
grave-yard connected with the church. In 1851 
the congregation at Blackwood erected a plain 
tomb-stone over his grave, which has since mark- 



ed his resting-place. His later labors were more 
successful than the first, and it is said that the whole 
region was under Presbyterian influence. 

After Mr. Chestnut's death, dark days of adver- 
sity overtook the church. Most of the male mem- 
bers left their homes to engage in the patriotic 
struggle of the Revolution, aud no doubt many of 
them laid dowu their lives in defense of the glor- 
ious principles of liberty for which the people 
fought. 

Dr. Everitt writes : " In 1776 John Brainerd 
preached on the text : ' Blessed be the Lord, my 
strength, which teacheth my hands to war and my 
fingers to fight!' He appealed to the people to 
enlist and fight for their country. His congrega- 
tion was deeply impressed. Tears flowed freely. 
Stout hearts and strong wills that day resolved to 
join the American army. Randal Morgan and 
his two sons, Lazarus Pine and his sons, John 
Hedger, David Morgan, Richard Cheeseman and 
his son all served in the war, and others no doubt 
enlisted." 

The ministers who occasionally supplied the 
church from 1775 to 1786 were Messrs. Grier, Ea- 
kin, Hunter, Greenman, Duffield and Dr. Sproat, 
giving the jieople two or three services on Sab- 
baths between the semi-annual sessions of Pres- 
bytery ; and this was all that could be furnished 
to keep alive the congregation in this place. 

" By the end of the war there was a sad decline in 
the church. Lazarus Pine, of all the leading men, 
was alone left to look after its interests. No new 
members had been received and the church build- 
ing had become dilapidated. The old church was 
without windows and doors and served as a plaj'- 
bouse for boys by day and a stable for sheep at 
night. The tavern on the opposite corner fur- 
nished, at times, a drunken rabble that held fiend- 
ish orgies about the holy ground, and the burial- 
place of our fathers was rooted over by swine and 
pastured over by di-overs' herds. The communi- 
ty had sunken to a very low depth of degradation, 
and drunkenness, rioting, profanity and debasing 
sports abounded. As an instance of the state of 
the morals at that time, it is said that a sleighing 
party was holding a midnight dance at a tavern in 
the neighborhood, when one of their number fell 
down dead. His comrades stopped their revels 
only long enough to remove the corpse to the side 
of the room and cover it up with a blanket, and 
then went on with their carousals." 

Mr. Hunter, who also served as a chaplain in 
the Continental arrhy, preached at Blackwood 
more frequently than any other supply, continuing 
until 1797, when he removed from this part of the 



THE TOWNSHIP OF GLOUCKSTER 



687 



State. In the spring of 1799, Thomas Pieton 
was called by the foregoing congregations, and 
was ordained to the ministry June 13th of that 
year. On the 4th of June, 1801, a meeting of the 
session of elders was held at Blackwoodtown (the 
records for the first time calling the church by that 
name), and church work was .again practically 
begun. Charles Ogden w.as present as the ruling 
Elder, having been ordained to that office Novem- 
ber 20, 1799, He served in that capacity until his 
death, in 1824. On the 12th of September, that 
year, Henry Roe and William Tatum were or- 
dained elders, the former only serving any length 
of time. 

Mr. Pieton labored in this field until 1804, when, 
on account of inadequate support, he requested the 
Presbytery to release him from his charge. The 
congregation was cited to show cause why this 
should not be done, and on November 12th, at an 
adjourned meeting, the commissioners of the united 
congregations declared that they were not able to 
give Mr. Piclon the support he deserved, and so 
were obliged to acquiesce, though with regret, to 
the dissolution ; whereupon the relation was dis- 
solved. 

When Mr. Pieton came among this people the 
old church was in a dilapidated condition. The 
floor was nearly all gone, the door ofl' ils hinges 
and most of the windows out. The seats were 
slabs placed upon blocks of wood. At recess the 
children of the school collected in the rickety 
building to play. In 1801 a new church was built 
a little in the rear of the present one, which stood 
until 1848 — a very commodious little church, 
where much good service was done for thecauseof 
religion. 

For four years the church was dependent on 
supplies. Rev. Nathaniel Todd becoming the next 
pastor, in 1808, continuing until 1815. For several 
years there was no preaching, and in 1821 the only 
communicants appear to have been Samuel Pierce, 
John Goddard and Margaret Goddard, besides 
Elder Ogden. In this period the pulpit was sup- 
plied by William Rafferty, Ira Ingruham and 
Joseph H. Jones. The latter had a sucoesslul 
ministry, increasing the members to nine by the 
end of 1824. The following year Rev. Sylvester 
Scovel took charge of the church and remained a 
little more than three years. He was not installed 
pastor, but acted as stated supply. During his 
ministry twelve were added to the church. In 
1828, May 3d, Major Peter Cheesman was ordained 
elder over this church, thus giving it a separate or- 
ganization from Woodbury, and better preparing 
it for its great work. Two mcmliers died during 
83 



Mr. Scovel's ministry, one was dismissed to a sister 
church and one wassuspeudeil from the communion. 
It may be interesting to know the names of the 
members of the church received before and during 
Mr. Scovel's ministry. They were Samuel Pierce, 
John Goddard, Margaret Goddard, Martha Pierce, 
Elizabeth Dotterer, Rebecca Chew, Sarah Pierce, 
Eleanor Morgan, Rebecca Pierce, Peter Cheesman, 
Sarah Cheesman, Sarah Ann Cheesman, Margaret 
Pierce, Amy Jaggard, Beulah Elkintoh Wilkins, 
Sophia Charles, Elizabeth Morgan, Matilda Ash- 
ton Jaggard, Hannah Zane, Cynthia Ann Jaggard, 
Sarah Ann Marshall. 

Mr. Scovel left September 1, 1828, and for a lit- 
tle more than a year the pulpit was supplied, when 
Charles Williamson began a pastorate w'hicli con- 
tinued seven years, when it was terminated on ac- 
count of inadequate support. 

Mr. Randal W. Morgan was elected and ordained 
elder August 10, 1834, and served the church 
fourteen years, when he passed to his reward. 

June 18, 1837, Rev. S. D. Blythe received a call 
from the united churches at a salary of eight hun- 
dred dollars, — five hundred dollars from Woodbury 
and three hundred from Blackwoodtown. He com- 
menced his labors July 4th of that year. Besides 
preaching regularly on the Sabbath, he taught 
school during the week, until he failed in health, 
and was obliged to give up teaching. In 1842, 
July 6th, he requested his congregation to unite with 
him in seeking a dissolution ot the pastoral rela- 
tion, but they were unwilling to part with him, and 
he remained until his death, June 23, 1843. His 
labors were greatly blessed, and were the means of 
establishing firmly the church in this community. 
Thirty-four members were received by him, fifteen 
of whom are still with the church. The first year 
of his ministry Sanuiel Coles and Jonas Liver- 
more were elected and ordained elders, October, 
1837. Mr. Coles served the church nearly si.\- 
teen years, up to the time of his death. 

In September, 1839, the total membership of the 
church was fifty-three. As the membership in- 
creased in numbers, they began to think of the 
propriety of having a minister who should give all 
his time to this field. The interests of the con- 
gregation seemed to them to require it ; and 
although not strong in numbers, or in pecuni- 
ary ability, they finally determined to undertake 
the work of supporting a minister who should de- 
vole himself to this particular field. In the spring 
of 1843 they secured the services of Rev. John 
Burtt, who continued as their minister until the 
spring of 1859,^ — sixteen years, — when, on account 
of failing health, he requested the consent of session 



688 



HISTOllY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



to his resignation of his relation as stated supply. 
His resignation was accepted. During his ministry 
there were received into the membership of the 
church seventy per.-^ons, of whom twenty-eight are 
still members. The others, with the exception of 
one, have died or been dismissed to other churches. 
Mr. Burtt did good work for the cause here, by his 
clear, forcible and solid preaching. He gave 
strength and permanency to the work that had 
already been begun, and when he left it, it was in 
a fit condition for the rapid growth and prosperity 
that took place under his youthful and zealous 
successor, Eev. B. S. Everitt. In 1848 Mr. Burtt 
signified to the session his desire to leave, but after 
due consideration it was thought best that, pro- 
vided the church should proceed to the erection of 
a new edifice for public worship, he should continue 
his labors, and so he agreed to postpone the sub- 
ject. The work was soon commenced, and the 
church now in use was erected. 

The people built for his u-e the present com- 
modious parsonage. 

William Stevenson was elected and ordained 
elder June 18, 1848 ; Samuel Eckel and Charles 
Stevenson, March 27, 1852. Mr. Eckel died after 
a short service of two years. Randal E. Mor- 
gan was ordained March 26, 1854. 

Rev. B. S. Everitt became pastor of this church 
in June, 1859, and remained until May, 1864, five 
vears. His ministry was very successful indeed, 
one hundred and four members having been added 
to the church, of whom fifty four are still members. 
The church building became too small for the 
worshippers, and it was determined either to en- 
large or build a new house of worship. It was 
finally resolved to enlarge, and about fourteen feet 
were added to the building, making it its present 
size. This was done in 1861. 

In 1861 D. E. Marshall and C. E. Piersoii were 
elected ruling elders. 

After Mr. Everitt's departure. Rev. Charles Wood 
was called, August 16, 1864. During his minis- 
try twenty-two were received, of whom sixteen still 
remain. Mr. Wood labored very earnestly and zeal- 
ously. During his and Mr. Everitt's and Mr. 
Burtt's pastorates the Sunday-school was in a very 
flourishing condition. 

In February, 1867, Mr. Wood's pastorate was 
closed, and in March, the same year, the present 
pastor, the Rev. F. B. Brace, began a successful 
ministry, which has been continuous to this period. 
In 1876 Richard B. Stevenson and Samuel N. 
Chase were added to the session of ruling elders. 
In 1880 a lecture-room, twenty-four by forty-eight 
feet, was built in the roar of the i-hapcl, :ui(l, in 



1885, the church was renovated at an expense of 
one thousand dollars. In 1886 there were one hun- 
dred and sixty-five members, and the moneys raised 
for all purposes amounted to about one thousand 
six hundred dollars peryear. The church proper- 
ty was in good condition and was in charge of 
Trustees Jonas Livermore, Richard B. Stephen- 
son, Samuel N. Chase, Joseph M. Coles, Ellison 
Turner, Wni. P. Wilcox and Frank Bateman. 

In the grave-yard the interment of the following 
aged persons was noted : 

Lazarus Pine, died 17i)6, aged eighty years. 
Jonatlian Pine, died 1876, aged eighty-six years. 
James Pine, died 18C3. aged eighty-two years. 
Ann Pine, died 1872, aged eighty-six years. 
Jonathan "Williams, died 1848, aged seventy-two years. 
Gerhard Wood, died 1879, aged eighty-three years. 
Mary Leek, died 18GC, aged eighty years. 
Joseph Smallwood, di-d 1870, aged seventy-four years. 
Diademia Smallwood, aged 1872, aged seventy-three years. 
Isaac S. Collins, died 1840, aged sixty-six years. 
Rohert Jaggard, died 1844, aged forty-six years. 
Charles Wilkins died 1836, aged thirty-eight years. 

St. John's Protestant Eplscopal Church,' 
at Chews Landing, was founded in 1789. Prior to 
the organization of the parish, that year, the bap- 
tism of several children, by Episcopal clergymen, 
is recorded, indicating that meetings may have 
been held in this locality some time previous to 
the formation of the church. On the 6th of Sep- 
tember, 1789, Rev. Levi Heath commenced to 
hold services regularly, and gathered together the 
adherents of the Episcopal faith, who organized 
themselves as a parish of the, Protestant Episcopal 
Church on the 14lh day of November, 1789. There 
being no church building in which to worship, 
measures were taken at this meeting to secure 
funds to build a church, and a subscription list 
was circulated, which was headed by Aaron Chew 
and Joseph Hall Fleming. After these names 
many others followed, some of the surnames being 
still borne in the southern part of the county. 

After matters had somewhat progressed, and a 
deficiency of means to complete the church had 
been discovered, another list was prepared, which 
Aaron Chew took to Philadelphia, October 1, 1791, 
where he received material encouragement from 
many of the citizens, which enabled the parish to 
complete its church. 

The determination to build this church was 
made at a meeting held December 12, 1789, when 
it was resolved to build "on the one acre of land 
that was given by Isaac Jones, of the city of Phil- 
adelphia, executor to the estate of Samuel Weth- 
erill, late of the city of Burlington, deceased, 
bounded by the lands of Aaron Chew, the said 

1 Kroni data (-olU'iled hy the lii'V, Willilini Matthias. 



THE TOWNSHIP OF GLOUCESTER. 



Isaac Jones and the Landinj: rciad f'nun Long-a- 
Comiiig to Cliews Landing." Anotlior minute in 
the records follows, — 

"Gloucester townsliip, .\ugu3t li, 1700. The Protestant Episco- 
pal Church, foriuerly known by the name of tile Church of Eng- 
land, was raised this day, near tht? head of Timber Creek, in said 
township, and was named by some of the contributors present 
Saint John's Church, after our Lord's beloved disciple, Saint John." 

The church was a frame building, having the 
general appearance of a two-story dwelling-house, 
and stood in the burial-ground which was opened 
on the aforesaid acre of land. It was small and 
plain, but compared favorably with the other 
buildings in the neighborhood. 

On the same day the church was raised the first 
trustees were elected, whose names were John 
Hider, Richard Cheeseman, John Thorn, Joseph 
Hall Fleming, John Marshall, Sr., Ephraim 
Cheeseman and Jacob Phifler. But it was deter- 
mined, May 1, 1791, to discontinue this board of 
trustees, and elect in their stead two wardens and 
twelve vestrymen. Accordingly were chosen Jo- 
seph Hall Fleming and Ephraim Cheeseman as 
wardens ; John Hider, Joseph Hugg, Kichard 
Cheeseman, John Marshall, Jacob I'hifier, Adam 
Batt, John Sanders, John Thorn, Samuel Harri- 
son, Jr., Jacob Siokler, George Ott and Jacob 
Griffith as vestrymen. 

The number of the vestrymen, exclusive of the 
wardens, was reduced to seven the following year, 
and, in 1795, no election seems to have taken 
place at all, Aaron Chew " being appointed to 
keep the records." In the fall of 1799 two war- 
dens and seven vestrymen were again chosen, 
whose election appears to have been the last 
until March 31, 1826, when a vestry of five mem- 
bers was chosen. Now occurred elections at ir- 
regular intervals, and, on the 28th of June, 1847, 
Eev. Hiram R. Harrold, at that time the minister 
of the parish, writes, — " The minutes of several an- 
nual meetings not having been recorded at the 
time, they were mislaid and cannot be found ; this 
accounts for the interruption of the records." 

The latest of these elections, held April 27, 
1856, was, it seems, the last one the parish had. 
Those chosen on this occasion were Josiah B. 
Sicklerand Jacob S. Bendler as wardens; and Jo- 
seph J. Smallwood, Joshua Sickler, Edmond 
Brewer, Samuel I'. Chew and Joseph Powell as 
vestrymen. For a long period, dating back from 
the pre.sent time (1886), the parish has practically 
had no vestry. 

The first minister of the church was Rev. Levi 
Heath, who served from September 6, 1789, to 
June 29, 1 791. The ])arish appears to have been 



without a rector until April, 182'), when Uev. 
Robert Hall ministered here for one year. 

After an interval of six years Rev. Simon Wil- 
mer began his labors in this parish, working in a 
zealous manner for the promotion of the cause of 
Christ, continuing until September 22, 1834. 
From January, 1835, to February 22, 183(!, Rev. 
John Jones served the parish. 

On the 28th of February, 1836, Rev. Hiram R. 
Harrold became the rector, and continued that 
relation until 1850. After this no stated services 
were held for a period of ten years, the church be- 
ing seldom occupied, except for funerals, and the 
parish was almost wholly neglected. 

In 18G1 a Sabbath-school was organized in the 
church, which soon numbered a hundred mem- 
bers, and was attended by a deep interest in 
religious matters. Soon after. Rev. Joseph F, Gar- 
rison, rector of St. Paul's Church, Camden, began 
to hold services, every four weeks, after the close 
of theSat»bath-school, and continued these meetings 
ten years, when his poor health admonished him 
to relinquish this extra work. His labors are still 
remembered with gratitude, as they were the means 
of reviving the parish. 

After this ministry Rev. Gustavus M. Murray, 
rector of the church at Haddonfield, took up the 
work, also in connection with his other parish 
labor. His ministry commenced September 1, 
1872, and continued ten years. It was character- 
ized by an increased interest in church matters, 
which led to the erection of the present fine build- 
ing, in 1881. It was built on a lot situated be- 
tween the old church and the Blackwood turnpike, 
which was conveyed for this purpose by the heirs 
of Samuel P. Chew. The corner-stone was laid 
by Bishop John Scarborough, D.D., assisted by 
Rector Murray and others, on Sunday, Nov. 14, 1880. 
In a little less than a year the church was ready 
for consecration, that service being performed 
Wednesday, November 9, 1881, also by Bishop 
Scarborough, assisted by Rev. Joseph F. Garrison 
and other ministers. The church is built of hand- 
some stone, in the Gothic style of architecture, 
having dimensions of about thirty by sixty feet. 
The roof is of slate, and is relieved by a l)ell gable. 
The interior is finely finished, the windows being 
of stained glass. The entire cost was about five 
thousand dollars, which includes the value of the 
stone, donated by Edmond Brewer, whose liberality 
made the erection of such a fine building at this 
place possible. The stones were procured at Ridley 
Creek, Pa., and were delivered by Mr. Brewer on the 
ground, having been brought up the creek, to a 
point near the old landing, on his scows. 



690 



HISTORY OF Cx\MDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



After the ministry of Mr. IMurray closed, in 
1882, the church had no regular service for a period, 
but, in 1883, Rev. R. G. Moses became the minister, 
serving only a few months. Then his son, John 
Moses (now an ordained minister), held lay services 
several months longer. 

On the 1st of November, 1883, Rev. William 
Matthias became the rector and the first resident 
clergyman of the parish. He has since regularly 
held two services each Sabbath, and also held 
week-day meetings on special occasions. Soon 
after, he took charge of the parish he urged the 
buildingof a rectory, and began soliciting subscrip- 
tions to accomplish such a purpose. Richard N. 
Herring, of Chews Landing, deeded a lot, opposite 
the church, as a site on which to build the rectory, 
and work on it was begun in the spring of 1885. 
It was completed in October, the same year, and is 
truly a tine residence. Its cost, with the perpetual. 
insurance on it, was twenty-two hundred dollars. 
This amount having been fully met, an effort is 
now being made by the parish to secure means to 
purchase a pipe-organ for the church. 

In the cemetery connected with St. John's 
Church the following interments have been noted : 

Joshua Sickler, died 1S83, aged seventy-seven years. 
"John Hider, died 1847, aged .sixty-four years. 

Sarah Tomlinson, died 1849, aged seventy-three years. 

Samuel B. Hunter, died 1845, aged forty -nine years. 

Abbie Marshall, died 1838, aged sixty-foiu- years. 

fHiristopher Sickler, died 1843, aged sixty-nine years. 

Sarah R, Sickler, died 1857, aged eighty-two years. 
—Aaron Chew, died 1805, aged fifty-four years. 

Aaron Chew, Jr., died 1822, aged thirty-six years. 

Rebecca Chew, died 1849, aged fifty-four years. 

Robert Brewer, died 1878, aged sixty-five years. 

John Parlier, died 1796, aged thirty-live years. 

James Tillier Smith, died 1798. 

Adam Bendler, died 1857, aged seventy-one years. 

John C. Lippincott, died 1882, aged sixty years. 

George Miller, died 18i)3, aged sixty-fonr yeai-s. 

Sarah Miller, died 1879, aged seventy-eight years. 

Kuth Happer, died 1829, aged seventy yeaiB, 

Sarah Howey, died 1847, aged fifty -seven years. 

Jacob Sickler, died 1823, aged fifty -six years. 

Esther Sickler, died 1825, aged fifty-two years. 

Josiah R. Sickler, died 1876, aged seventy-eight years. 

Joseph Hall Fleming, died 1831, aged seventy years. 

Susannah Fleming, died 1828, aged eighty-three years. 

Isaac Hider, died 1S24, aged fifty years. 

Amy Hider, died 1839, aged sixty-one years. 

Hannah Ellis, died 1829, aged sixty-three years. 

A large number of graves are unmarked by 
headstones, while many others have simple stone 
slabs to indicate the spot where repose some of the 
first pioneers of this section. 

The Blackwood Methodist Episcopal 
Church.— As early as 18()0 the voice of the Meth- 
odist missionary was heard in this locality. Follow- 
ing the customs of those times, meetings were held 



in the open air or at the houses of those friendly 
to the new faith, and no ordinary obstacle pre- 
vented them from disseminating the truthsof their 
religion. In some places the people heard them 
gladly, but at others a vigorous opposition was 
encountered, which had the effect of intensifying 
their zeal. Among those who thus labored were 
the following: 



1801. Thomas Jones. 

Jesse Justice. 
18U2. David Barton. 

Daniel fligbee. 
1803. Joseph Totten. 

Joseph Osbom. 
18M. Peter Vannest. 

John Brown. 
1805. William McLenaha 

Benjamin Iliff. 



1806. William Colbert. 
Thomas Smith. 

1807. James Smith. 
Thomas Stratton. 

1808. William Mills. 
Thomas Budd. 

1S09. William Mills. 

Daniel Ireland, 
1810. Michael Coate. 

Thomas Dunn. 



Among the early Methodist members were 
persons belonging to the Brown, Kaighn,Hagerman, 
Woodrow, Turner, Pill ing, Pratt and North families, 
all of whom have left the church militant to join 
the church triumphant. A small plain meeting- 
house of wood was built at Blackwood, which was 
in us^e until the present spacious edifice was 
erected, in 1856, when the old building was re- 
moved to become a residence, which is at present 
the home of Mrs. Pratt. The new structure is a 
two-story frame building, having three rooms in 
the basement and a large, fine auditorium, costing, 
to complete, seven thousand dollars. At the time 
it was built the board of stewards was composed of 
William Kaighn, Thomas Pilling, Cornelius 
Hagerman, David Wood, John Pratt, James D. 
Turner and Joseph Van Dexter. The minister at 
that time was the Rev. Joseph Atwood, who super- 
intended the building. The charge had about one 
hundred members, and had just taken rank in the 
Conference as a station, sustaining that relation 
ever since. The pastors of the church, since ita erec- 
tion as a separate charge, have been the following : 

1856. Joseph Atwood. 1870-71. J. H. Stockton. 

1857-68. James White. 1872-73. Joseph Ashbrook. 

1869. Beryamin F. Woolston. 1874. John Fort.i 

1860-61. Samuel Parker. 1876-77. G. H. Tullis. 

1862-63. J. H. Stockton. 187S-80. J. B. Westcott. 

1864. A. Owen. 1881-82. M. C. Stokes. 

1865. a. B. Snyder. 1883-85. J. W. Morris. 
1866-67. Albert Matthews. 1886, D. W, C. Mclntirc. 
1868-69. John S. Phelps. 

During the pastorate of Rev. Phelps the church 
was cleared of the debt which had been weighing 
it down ever since it was built, and from that time 
the congregation has flourished. In 188G there 
are one hundred and eighty-sixmembers, of whom 
the following were trustees : James Gardner, 
Samuel Graybury, Richard Morgan, J. W. Rapp, 

•Died while on thidcharge. 



THE TOWNSHIP OF GLOUCESTEK. 



691 



J. T.Wood, Jamps Powell, Aaron Van Dexter, E.T. 
Br.ivvn and James Jones. A Sunday-school, of one 
liundred and fifty niembei-s, has Theodore Elder 
as its sujierintendent. 

The Chews Landing Methojhst Episcopal 
Church. — This church was founded in 1812, when 
a small meeting-house was built at this place for 
the accommodation of different denominations who 
might choose to occupy it. After the lapse of a 
few years the Methodists were the only ones to 
continue their meetings, and they only at long 
intervals, being finally altogether discontinued on 
account of the removal of members and the death 
of some who formed the original class. The build- 
ing became dilapidated and fell into such a state 
of decay that it became a common sheep-jien and 
the habitation of birds and bats. In this neglected 
condition it remained until about sixty years ago, 
when it was repaired and was again devoted to 
its original use and purpose. The membership, 
though small, increased, and a permanent con- 
gregation was organized, which erected a better 
house of worship a few years later, and which wa.s 
used until the present church took its place. It 
is a plain but not unattractive frame building, 
upon which work was commenced August 24, 1878, 
and which was consecrated November 28th, the 
same year. The church cost, to complete, about 
fifteen hundred dollars, and is now in good repair. 
The lot upon which it stands is favorably located, 
and also comprises a burial-ground. 

The church has been connected with a number 
of charges, belonging at present to Hedding Cir- 
cuit, which was formed in March, 1878, and is one 
of three appointments on that charge. The pas- 
tors have been, — 



1878-79. J. R. Thompson. 
1880-81. John P. Connolej'. 
1882. H. J. Zelley. 



1883. D. D. FiBler. 

1885. T. D. Sleeper. 

1886. J. B. Dare. 



The church at Chews Landing has a membership 
of sixty-five, and has, in 1886, the following trus- 
tees : William Toommy, James Stetser, Moses 
BattOQ, William D. Redrow, Franklin Price, Geo. 
W. Barrett and James McCulley. 

A Sunday-school of one hundred and ten mem- 
bers has Mrs. Emily Warthman as its superin- 
tendent. 

Methodist Protestant Church. — On the 
Berlin turnpike, one and a half miles from Kirk- 
wood, is a house of worship belonging to the above 
denomination. It is an unpretentious, small frame 
building, erected in 1859, on a lot donated for this 
purpose by Hillman Rowand. The society occu- 
pying it has a small membership, confined prin- 
cipally to the Watson and Rowand families. The 



Rev. Timothy Heiss was the first preacher, ,niid 
the Rev. William Bunch is the present. \ well- 
attended Sunday-school is maintained in the 
church, which is connected with the church in 
Winslow in forming a pastoral charge. 

Blackwood Baptist Church.'— The Bajjtist 
Church at Blackwood was constituted February 
23, 1848. No written records have been kept of 
the influences at work prior to the organization of 
the church and leading to it, of the securing of a 
place for meetings or for permanent location. 

From men still living were gleaned the following 
facts : During the year 1847 Rev. Henry Westcott, 
a Baptist minister, visited Blackwood, inquiring 
for members of Baptist Churches, and seeking for 
an opportunity to preach to them. With the 
assistance of Joseph V. Edwards, a member of the 
Haddonfield Baptist Church, he obtained permis- 
sion to preach in the Methodist Church, and sev- 
eral services were held there during the year. 
These meetings tended to stimulate the Baptists 
scattered about the community, and led them to 
rally around Mr. Westcott as a leader. Later 
he obtained permission to preach in what was 
then known as the Good Intent Church.'' These 
meetings were held more or less regularly until 
the close of the year 1847. By this time a suffi- 
cient number of Baptists had been gathered 
together to justify them in uniting to form a 
church. To further this conviction of duty, articles 
of failh and a church covenant were adopted, and 
it was deemed advisable to call a council of neigh- 
boring Baptist Churches to consider the propriety 
of organizing a regular Baptist Church at Black- 
wood. 

In I'esponse to the above call, the council met, 
and, growing out of that meeting, we have the 
following minute : 

" Bl.vckwoodtown, Fobruary 23, 1848. 
*' The friends of Zion mot in the meeting-houBo at Good Intent 
for the purftose of constituting a regular Baptist Church, the follow- 
ing-named persons, who have obtained letters of dismission from 
their respective churches : 



' Joseph Y. Edwards. 
Thomas T. Firth. 
Aaronson Ellis. 
Joseph Charles. 
John W. Peterson. 
John Carwin. 
William Taylor. 
Edward Jones. 
Henry Strenimo. 
Thomas H\itchinson. 
Yeoman Paul. 



Amy Edwards. 
Emaline Firth. 
Hannah Ellis. 
Abigail Charles. 
Sarah A. Morgan. 
Mary Carvin. 
Catharine A. Taylo 
Julia P. Parham. 
Eliza Strenimo. 
Catharine Pine. 
Elizabeth Paul. 



1 By Rev. James Fielding. 

2 The Good Intent meeting-house had been erected about 183G on 
the hill, near the factory, in Gloucester County, by Garrett New- 
kirk, for the 



692 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Jonas Cattell. 
Elizabeth Allen. 
Siiralj Paulin. 



Mary Cattcll. 
Emily H. Wilkin 



The following-named brethren, bearing creden- 
tials from their respective churches, composed the 
council of recognition : From Haddonfield, Rev. 
Wm. H. Brisbane, Deacons Thomas Ellis, Thomas 
Marshal, D. H. Gault, Isaac Armstrong and A. 
McKinzie; from Marlton, Rev. J. M, Challiss, 
Deacons Charles Kain, Benjamin Kaiu and Wil- 
liam Edwards ; Woodstown, Rev. John Perry- 
Hall ; Mullica Hill, Rev. Charles Kain; Newton, 
Rev. Charles Sexton. 

The council recommended the above-named 
brethren and sisters to proceed in the usual way to 
organize themselves into a church, whereupon it 
was moved by Thomas T. Firth, and seconded by 
William Taylor, " that we constitute ourselves a 
regular Baptist Church, to be known and recog- 
nized in law as the regular Baptist Church of 
Black woodtown." 

Ten days' notice having been given, the church 
met, March 4th, for the transaction of business, 
when the following officers were elected : Deacons, 
Joseph V. Edwards, William Taylor; Trustees, 
Hiram Morgan, Joseph V. Edwards, Jonas Cat- 
tell, Henry Stremme, Thomas Hutchinson. 

The congregation thus formed did not possess 
a church-home, and, from lack of means, was un- 
able to build one. The difficulty was met, how- 
ever, by friends in the community, who gave 
them the chapel in which they were worshipping, 
and a building lot in Blackwoodtown, to which it 
could be moved. From a deed bearing date of 
March 10, 1848, were obtained the names of those 
who gave the building lot and house, viz., Jonas 
Livermore and wife, Lewis Livermore and wife, 
John Coojier and wife, John Stokes and wife. 
Early in the year 1848 the building was moved to 
its present site. 

At the meeting held on the 4th of March Rev. 
Henry Westcott was called to the pastorate of the 
church, which position he filled until March 26, 
1857. During his labor of nine years the church 
increased by letter and exjjerience twenty, and by 
baptism one hundred and one. During this pe. 
riod, in 1854, the building was enlarged twelve 
feet and other necessary repairs made. In the 
same year the church entertained the West New 
Jersey Baptist Association in its annual meeting. 

While the increase in numbers during this period 
was encouraging, the decrease was none the le.ss 
discouraging, for by letters of dismission and by 
exclusion the number was reduced to eighty-three. 
There have been other seasons of rapid growth 



and as rapid decline, of light and shadow, of hope 
and fear, tlie membership never long remaining 
above its present number, seventy-nine. Although 
the church has never been numerically or finan- 
cally strong, yet its influence for good has been 
felt throughout a large region of country, leading 
to a more faithful observance of the New Testa- 
ment ordinances, aud to a recognition of the 
authority of the Scriptures as once delivered to the 
saints. 

The following ministers have served as pastors 
of the church : 

llonry Westcott, from March 12, 1848, to March 20, 1857. 
Hornor Sears, from July 5, 1857, to September 30, 1859. 
Charles Cox, January 6, 1800, to September 2Y, 1860. 
H. J. Thompson, from May, 1801, to August 30, 1S62. 
Asher Cook, from January 1, 1864, to October 1, 1860. 
Samuel Godshall, from January 12, 18G8, to July 25, 1869. 
E. M. Barker, from January 1, 1871, to April 25, 1872. 
John D Flansburgh, from March, 1873, to September 26, 1879. 
The present paator, Jamee Fielding, began his labors with the 
church January 25, 1880. 

The membership has been as follows : Constitu- 
ent, 28 ; by baptism, 199 ; by letter and experience, 
73 ; total, 300 ; present membership, 79. 

The officers at present are : 

Pastor, James Fielding ; Deacons, Joseph V. Edwards {who served 
from the beginning), Isaac Brown, Isaac Cramer, Eeuben L. 
Edwards ; Trustees, Ilalph Hider, Edward Scott, Isaac Brown, 
Isaac Cramer, Reuben L. Edwards, Selah 0. Prickitt Joshua Scott; 
Clerk, Charles R. Bee ; Treasurer, Joshua Scott. 

SOCIETIES. 

Independent Lodge, No. 64, I. O. O. F., is the 
oldest of the secret orders now maintained at 
Blackwood. It was instituted August 5, 1847, and 
had as its first princijjal officers Samuel G. Rich- 
ards, N. G. ; Justice Hedger, V. G. ; Martin S. 
Synnott, Sec. ; James R. Driver, Treas. 

The first meetings were held in the Temperance 
Hall, but in 1852 Odd-Fellows' Hall was erected, 
at a cost of nearly three thousand dollars. It is a 
three-story frame building, the lower stories form- 
ing living rooms. The hall is neatly furnished, 
and is also used for lodge purposes by the other 
orders of the village. This lodge had, in 1886. 
eighty members, and the following officers: Frank 
P. Williams, N. G. ; George W. Barrett, V. G. ; 
William B. Bettle, Rec. Sec; Joseph E. Hurff, 
Fin. Sec. ; Thomas J. Wentz, Treas. ; Edward P. 
Brown, Thomas G. Zane, John H. Magee, Edgar 
J. Coles, Thomas J. Wentz, Trustees. 

Minerva Lodge, No. 25, K. of P. — This body 
was instituted July 19, 1869, with the following- 
named charter members : Charles H. Le Fevre, 
Thomas Andrews, John Hou.seman, Thomas 
Knight, Samuel W. Lamb, Henry Beckley, Wil- 
liam Mills, Charles Barrett and Samuel Jaygard. 



THE TOWNSHIP OF GLOUCESTKK. 



693 



The lodge has sixty members, and its officers are 
J. S. North, C. C. : F. P. Williams, V. C. ; Charles 
Alexander, K. of R. and S. ; Benjamin Hudderow, 
M. of F. 

Blackwood Grange, No. 9, P. of H., held ita 
first meeting under a dispensation of the Grand 
Grange, March 25, 1875. It was soon after fully 
chartered, and has continued its meetings with 
varying interest ever since, being at pre.sent in a 
flourishing condition. There are fifty members 
and the following principal officers: John M- 
Steser, Master ; Theodore Hider, Sec. ; Samuel 
Batten, Treas. ; John H. Magee, E. J. Coles, I. 
W. Rapp, Trustees. 

MoxiN Castle, No. 6, K. of M. C, was the most 
recently organized of the lodges at Blackwood, 
being instituted September 26, 1883. Its member- 
ship from the beginning was large, fifty-five per- 
sons sustaining the relation of charter members. 
The roll has been swelled until nearly oue hundred 
belong at present. The principal officers were : 
Trustees, E. T. Brown, J. E. Hurft", Samuel C. 
Bettie ; S. K. P. C, Henry Curamings ; S. K. O., 
Joseph S. Stewart; S. K. V. C, Samuel C. Bettie; 
Recording Secretary, Samuel Pine ; Financial Sec- 
retary, William Williams ; Treasurer, Benjamin 
Williams. 

Some time about 1845 a vigorous division of the 
Sons of Temperance had an existence in the vil- 
lage, holding its meetings in the second story of 
the Temperance Hotel. In 1852 the order built a 



hall of its own and occupird it about two years, 
when a waning interest caused the organization to 
disband. This hall is now part of the E. J. Cole's 
store-stand. Since that time other temperance or- 
ganizations have been established, and a well-sup- 
ported lodge of Good Templars is at present main- 
tained. These organiziitions have been promotive 
of much good in creating a healthy sentiment in 
favor of the principles of temperance. 

EDUCATION. 

One of the most liberal patrons of popular edu- 
cation was Joseph Sloan. In the last ceutury he 
bequeathed one hundred pounds to the township of 
Gloucester, " to be put in the care of such trustees 
as may from time to time, by plurality of voices, be 
chosen at the annual town-meeting, to have the care 
of the same ; the interest of which the said trustees 
shall yearly lay out on books treating on religious 
morality, arithmetic or the mathematics, to be be- 
stowed at their discretion on youths likely to im- 
prove thereby ; and if any overplus be, to lay the 
same out in schooling poor children without dis- 
tinction. And at the expiration of five hundred 
years, said township may, by plurality of voices, 
appropriate said one hundred pounds any way for 
the use of the poor." 

This fund had in some way become impaired, 
but was lately restored to its original amount by 
the township authorities, and the yearly income of 
the four hundred dollars invested is devoted to the 
purchase of school-books for needy children. 



THE TOWNSHIP OF WINSLOW. 



CHAPTER XV. 

Character of the Township — Set off from Gloucester — List of Offi- 
cers — Villages of Sicklerville, Williamstown Junction, Wilton, 
Tanaboro', Cedar Brook, Braddock, Blue Anchor, Aneora, Elm, 
Winelow Junction and Winslow — Glaas Works — Societies — 
Friends' Meetings and Churches. 

This township is situated in the extreme south- 
eastern part of the county. It was formed in 1845, 
and obtained its name from Winslow village, at 
that time its most important settlement. On its 
north is Waterford township; on the east and 
southeast, Atlantic County ; south and southwest, 
Monroe township, in Gloucester County, from 
which it is separated by Four-Mile Run and Great 
Egg Harbor River ; and on the west and north is 
the present township of Gloucester. The general 
surface is level, the soil being chiefly sandy or 
sandy loam. Along the water-courses the surface 
is depressed, partaking of the nature of swamps> 
having as its timber growth cedar-trees. In other 
parts are large pine forests or growths of deciduous 
trees, which afford a valuable timber supply. 
About one-fourth of the area only has been cleared 
for cultivation, though much of the larger tim- 
ber has been removed. The soil on the low lands 
is fairly fertile, and appears to be well adapted for 
fruit-culture, which has become the principal oc- 
cupation of the inhabitants. In the northwestern 
part, near Williamstown Junction, are valuable 
deposits of clay for potters' use, and in many parts 
may be found sand superior for glass-making. 
The drainage is afforded by the Egg Harbor Riv- 
ers and their affluent streams, whose flow through 
the township is generally sluggish. The township 
offered few attractions to the pioneer settler, and 
the improvements made by those who ventured into 
these remote regions were in no wise noteworthy. 
A colony of Friends settled in the western part 
before the Revolution, prominent among them be- 
694 



ing William Norcross. His son Job was born in 
the township and raised a large family, from which 
have descended the Norcrosses of this part of the 
county. Joshua Duble and John Kellum lived in 
the same neighborhood, the former leaving de- 
scendants who are prominent in the affairs of the 
township. Benjamin Thackara lived in the New 
Freedom neighborhood, and Joshua Peacock nearer 
Tansboro'. He was the father of William and 
Joseph Peacock, both of whom reared large fam- 
ilies. George Sloan lived near New Hopewell, 
and the Cains and McLains in the neighborhood 
of Long-a-Coming. Among other early settlers 
were Brittain Bishop, Benjamin Watson, Robert 
Matto.x, Oliver Beebe, Charles Camel, Joel Bodine, 
John Rogers, Samuel Scull, Philip White, Eli 
Nield, Jonathan Fowler, Moses Githens, Enos 
Sharp and Isaiah Whitcraft. After the building 
of the Camden and Atlantic Railroad, in 1850, the 
country was developed more rapidly, and, with the 
building of new lines, other settlements were 
opened in localities which had before been too re- 
mote from places of business to make the cultiva- 
tion of the soil profitable. Some lands were loca- 
ted early, but being held in large tracts, were not 
improved until recent years. 

The first tract of cedar swamp lands located in 
the township became the property of Daniel Hill- 
man and Joseph Lowe in 1726. It lay on the 
Great Egg Harbor River, south of the Blue 
Anchor tract, where, tradition says, the Indian 
trail crossed the swamp. For a long time it was 
the only trail in that part of the township, and 
was consequently frequently used. On the east 
side stood an Indian wigwam, where travelers were 
entertained before the settlements of the whites, 
and where such as passed from one part of the 
State to the other might lodge in the home of the 
dusky landlord. The pathway, though narrow, 



THE TOWNSHIl' OF WINSLOW. 



695 



crossed a small island iu its course and was almost 
in a straight line. For many years the remains of , 
an old foot-bridge could be seen at the island. 
After the timber began to be used, i)art of this old 
trail became a wagon-road, and, iu general, the 
early roads had the same course or followed the 
Indian trails. In the course of time the above 
Indian trail was abandoned and a new one made 
about two miles down the river, where formerly 
stood John luskeep's old saw-mill. In 1762 this 
crossing is spoken of as a public ford and was 
much used by both the whites and the Indians iis 
long as they remained in this country. The Indians 
had large villages at Shamong, in Burlington 
County, and Tuckahoe, in Cape May County, and 
this was a central point, where they would camp 
overnight as they passed from village to village. 
They always camped in the open air, without 
regard to season, and resumed their travels before 
the rising of the sun. 

Civil Organization. — Winslow was erected 
by an act of the Legislature, March 8, 1845, out of 
Gloucester township, with the following bounds: 
Beginning at the middle of Egg Harbor Eiver 
where the Camden and Atlantic County line crosses 
the river; along the line of Atlantic County to the 
corner of Waterford township, along the Water- 
ford line, passing through Long-a-Coming to the 
public road leading therefrom to the Cross Keys 
tavern in Washington township ; thence along the 
Washington line to the head of Four-Mile Branch 
to Washington township corner ; thence down 
Four-Mile Branch to the main branch of Great 
Egg Harbor River ; thence down the same to 
the place of beginning. By these bounds 
a part of the village of Long-a-Coming (now Ber- 
lin) was in Winslow, the other parts being in the 
adjoining townships, but by legislative enactment, 
March 23, 1859, the bounds were modified so as to 
place all of that village in the township of Water- 
ford. The act provided that " all that jiart of the 
township of Winslow and Gloucester lying north- 
erly and northwesterly of a line commencing on 
the present Waterford township line so as to inter- 
sect the most eastwardly line of Samuel Shreve's 
land ; thence along said line between Samuel 
Shreve's and James McLain's hom^^stead until it 
intersects Tinkers Branch; thence to where it inter- 
sects the New Freedom and Clementon roads; 
thence along the southwesterly side of and includ- 
ing said road ; thence in a direct course by the way 
of and including Joseph S. Read's brick-yard to 
the line between Waterford and Gloucester town- 
ships and including parts of Winslow and Glou- 
cester townships, be and the same is hereby set ofl' 
8-t 



from the said townships of Winslow and Gloucester 
and attached to and made a part of said township 
of Waterford." 

The act forming Winslow township [u-ovided 
that the first election should be held at the inn 
of Josiah Albertson (Blue Anchor), and the ne.xt 
township meeting of Gloucester was to be held at 
the Red Lion Inn of William Middleton, at 
Clementon. The committee to divide the township 
funds and to pro-rate the taxes for the ensuing 
year held its meeting at the house of Jacob Leach, 
at Berlin. 

The records of the township indicate the elec- 
tion of the following othcers in the years prefixed 
to their names : 



1S4.-I. Will. K. Johnson. 
184C. Elij.ili BurJsiiU. 
1847-48. Joshua DuIjIb. 
1849-51. TUonias Melouy. 
1852-53. George M. Maperf. 
1854. M. K. Simmermau. 
18"i5-SG. Richard J. Mapos. 

1885-80. M. R. 



1843-4S. Chaa. II. I-'r.^nc 
l,S4;l-,^.;j. KJvvin Wu.iU'. 
18.51. Will. k. Johnson. 
1852. Thomas Melony. 
1853-.54. John Carroll. 



1857. M. S. Peacock. 
lS58-(iO. John R. Duhlc. 
18G1-70. l\Iotltgoniery Reading. 
1871-72. John Little. 
lS7.i-82. Edward Baker. 
1883. Levi C. Pliilor. 
1881. Rohert F. McDougall. 



185.>. Thomas Molony. 
lS5r.-5s. John Wright. 
1859-64. Vfm. T. Siclder. 
18(;5-.8I. John R Duhle. 
1882. Edward Burdsall. 



1883-8G. Mieliael G. Burdsall. 
CoUi^ciors. 
1845^8. James Dill. 1SC5-73. Montgomery Reading. 

1849-50. Peter C. Ross. 1874. Jolin B. Wublo. 

18.51. Montgomery Reading. 1875-79. Montgomery Reading. 

1852-55. .Samuel Norcross. 1S8I)-S2. Conliling Mayliow. 

1S5C.-64. Jacob Sailer. 1883-80. Jacob SicUler. 

The justices of the peace since the organization 
of the township have been, — 



Will. Peacock. ('has. H. French. 

Wm. T. Sicklcr. Joel Murphy. 

Jo.seph N. Garten. Samuel Burdsall. 
Wm. Shreve. W. G. Wilson. 

John Cain. Joshua Duhle. 

Wm. R. Myers. Isaac S. Peacork. 

Henry M. Jewett. Thomas Austin. 
Christian Heventhal. G 



Elijah Ilunlsall. 
Wm. Bishop. 
Paul H. Sickler. 
John Marshall. 
Sidney Woods. 
Abner Gurney. 
Is tac S. Peacock, 
u'ge Blatlierwick. 



SiCKLERVlLLE is a station and hamlet on the 
Williamstown Branch of the Philadelphia and 
Atlantic City Railroad. It derived its name tiom 
John Sickler, who settled in this locality at an early 
period, rearing three sons, who also improved 
farms at this point. Other early settlers were John 
Jacob and George Ware, from which circumstance 
the place was sometimes called Waretown. The 
present name became permanent when the post- 
otfice was established twelve years ago. Paul H. 
Sickler was appointed postmaster, keeping the 
office since, at his store, which was opened in 1865, 
the first in the place. .\t the railroad station 



690 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Jacob Sickler has been in trade since 1880, and 
near the hamlet James K. P. Lessly has merchan- 
dised the past eight years. Sicklerville contains a 
Methodist Episcopal Church, and, in addition to 
the above interests, has about ten residences. 

AViLLiAMSTOWN Junction is at the intersection 
of the Branch road with the main line of the Phila- 
delphia and Atlantic City Railroad, and is note- 
worthy solely on that account. A neat station build- 
inghas been erected. Near this place are the small 
hamlets of New Freedom and Conradsville. The 
former has no interest aside from its church and 
the old grave-yard, but at the latter terra-cotta 
works were formerly carried on quite extensively 
by James M. Conrad. The clay of this locality is 
superior for ware of this nature, and some fine 
work was produced, including earthen lawn figures. 
The works have been out of fire nine years. 

Wilton is the third station on the Branch road 
in the township, and is almost midway between 
Atco and Williamstown Junction. The railroad 
company has provided neat station buildings, and 
offers shipping facilities, which should commend 
this point to the fruit-growers and manufacturers. 
The principal features of the place are- the glass- 
works, which were established about 1848 by an 
association composed of Samuel Norcross, Joseph 
Heritage, William Peacock, Benjamin Y. Thack- 
ara, Lester Gager, Matthias Simmerman andothers_ 
Norcross & Heritage had the general manage- 
ment of the business, which was susi^ended after a 
few years, but was again resumed by Samuel and 
"Uriah Norcross. About 1856 the works were 
leased by J. L. Mason, of New York, and operated 
in the manufacture of his patent fruit-jars. Then 
came a season of inactivity, but, about 1802, Joel 
Bodine and Charles Adams took charge of the 
works and carried on business some ten years. 
They were last operated by Frank Bodine, but have 
been out of blast since July, 1885. Hollow-ware 
only was manufactured, and when in full operation 
about one hundred persons were employed. Most 
of these lived in the immediate neighborhood, 
which caused this place to assume the appearance 
of a village. In ISSti there were three dozen houses, 
two-thirds belonging to the glass-works property. 
Many are at present unoccupied. One-half a mile 
from this place, on the Berlin and Blue Anchor 
road, is the old hamlet of 

Tansboeo'. — The relation of the two hamlets is 
so close that they are practically one, and before 
Wilton became a station on the railroad the 
glass-works were regarded as being a part of Tans- 
boro'. The latter is an old point, a settlement 
having been ibrnied here soon after 1800, and one 



of the first industries was a tannery, from which 
circumstance the name was derived. Among those 
first in this locality were Elijah Burdsall, James 
McLain, John Hughes, Gilbert Kellum, John 
Cain, Cyrus and Cornelius Tice. The latter started 
the tannery, nearly opposite the tavern, and for a 
numberof yearsit wascarriedon by Josiah Venable. 
John Cain and Montgomery Reading were later 
tanners. There were but half a dozen vats and it 
wiis discontinued about thirty years ago. Cornelius 
Tice was one of the first keepers of the public- 
house, which has been enlarged by subsequent 
landlords. Among these were James Campbell, 
William Norcross, William Marshall and the pres- 
ent John Sharp. In former times it was much 
patronized. James Cain had one of the first stores, 
occupy ing the building where William T. Sickler has 
been in trade the past twenty-one years. Here is 
kept the Wilton post-office, in charge of Christian 
Heventhal since October, 1885, when it was re- 
moved to Tansboro'. The original Tau.sboro' post- 
office, of which Isaac S. Peacock was the first post- 
master, was discontinued about the beginning of 
the Civil War, and when it was re-established 
took the name of Wilton, Frank Bodine being the 
postmaster. Another business stand was estab- 
lished at Tansboro' by John Carroll, which was 
enlarged by his successors. Here Joseph N. Gar- 
ton has been in trade a number of years. The 
upper story of this building forms a hall in which 
the glass-blowers held their society meetings. 
Here, also, is the home of " Wilton Lodge, No. 6, 
Independent Order of American Mechanics," 
which was instituted February 27, 1864, with 
twenty-five members. The lodge has been very 
prosperous, having at present one hundred and 
forty members. November 19, 1884, the lodge was 
incorporated with the following trustees : Albert 
E. Rowand, Charles M. Brown, Warren E. Garton 
and Christian Heventhal. The same room is oc- 
cupied by the Ladies' Masonic Link, a beneficial 
society, having forty members. A Baptist Church 
at this i^lace has been abandoned, but a Methodist 
Church is still maintained. There are also a few 
mechanic-shops and about twenty residences. 

Cedar Brook, on the main line of the Phila- 
adelphia and Atlantic City Railroad, is the name of 
a new hamlet containing a store kept by John R. 
Duble, several shops, a Methodist Protestant 
Church and half a dozen dwellings. It is an im- 
portant water-station on the railroad, the supply 
being obtained from the stream which was long 
known as Pump Branch of Little Egg Harbor 
River. 

Braddock is the name of the next station south- 



THE TOWNSHIP OF WINSLOW. 



697 



ward, and is in the locality of Rates' mill, which 
was for many years one of the old laiidniarks in 
this section. After the original owner, Thomas 
Cole, the mill was successively held in pai'lnership 
by Aaron Chew, Josiali Albcrtsnn, Benjamin Bates, 
John Albertson, Benoni Bates and others, but now 
belongs to William S. BradJock, who has con- 
verted a large portion of the pond into a cran- 
berry marsh. On the high lands, near the station, 
many small fruit farms are being opened. 

Blue Anchor, the station beyond Braddock, 
takes its name from the old Blue Anchor tavern, 
half a mile from the railroad. The land upon 
which this old landmark stands was located in 
1737 by Abraham Bickley, a distiller of Philadel- 
lihia. The old house stood upon the Indian trail, 
leading from the sea coast to the Delaware, which 
was nuich traveled a hundred years ago, after the 
old trail farther south was abandoned. As early as 
1740 John Hider was the landlord, dispensing good 
cheer in a cabin built of cedar logs. Eight years 
later John Briant occupied the house. In 17G2 
Robert Mattox became the owner of this property 
and alargetractoflandadjoiuing, living here many 
years. His daughter Elizabeth married Josiah 
Albertson, who took possession about 1812, and 
built the present house, which was kept by him 
until after the railroad was finished, when 
travel was diverted and the [dace lost its import- 
ance. He also built a store-house, where his son- 
in-law, John C. Shreve, engaged in merchandiz- 
ing and made other improvements wdiich caused 
this to become a centi'al point. Here people from 
every part of the county could be seen, almost any 
day, intent either upon hunting or on business con- 
nected with the immense lumber regions of that 
section. " It was a celebrated resort for trav- 
elers, who delighted to stop at this old liostlery, 
where bountiful meals and clean beds were atlbrded, 
and where a quiet night might be spent without 
fear of the clamor arising IVom much drinking." 
It was, also, a central point ibr stages run- 
ning between Philadelphia and Atlantic County. 
After Albertson's retirement, Uziel Bareford was 
the landlord, and was followed by John R. Dublc. 
Since 1878 John Inskeep Brick has caraied on the 
interests at this place, having both the store and 
the tavern. Being centrally located, the town- 
meetings, and elections of Winslow township are 
here held. 

Blue Anchor was selected a number of years 
ago by Dr. John Haskell and others as the seat of 
a Spiritualistic community, and with the purpose 
of building up a village after the pattern of Vine- 
land. About tvveutv-five families located lands. 



in small tracts, upon which a iinmlier of houses 
were built, but the death of Dr. John Haskell and 
tlu' disagreement among the members as to the 
true policy of the community, had a depressing 
effect upon its prospects. JIany removed, and 
those remaining failed ti> carry out the original 
])urpose. Lately a number of improvenumts have 
been made, and, as the land is rich and favorably 
located, a thriving settlement mav soon be estab- 
lished. 

Winslow Junction and liosedale are on the same 
line of railway, southeast from Blue Anchor, but 
have no interests of importance. A few miles from 
the former place, on the Camden and Atlantic 
Eailroad, is the station of 

AxcORA. — The settlement is new, and hardly 
assumes the appearance of a village. Fruit-cul- 
ture is the principal occupation. 

In the southwestern partof the townsliip, on the 
Great Egg Harbor River, is an old landmark, 
widely known as Inskceii's Mill. It was erected 
prior to 17(52, when John Inskeej) nuide a survey 
at this point, wherein which the location of the 
mill is noted. Inskeep lived at Marlton, Bur- 
lington County, but owned a largo tract of land on 
Great Egg Harbor River, and on acccmnt of the 
fine timber growing in that locality, made the cut- 
ting of the same at his saw-mill profitable. On the 
adjoining hill he had a deer park, fenced with rails, 
and so high that the animals inclosed seldom es- 
caped. The park contained about fifty acres, and it 
was not intended to confine the animals for a hunt, 
but simplj- to have in readiness a fat buck should 
the owner want one when the teams were returning 
home with lumber. They were generally secured 
by stealth at night, a torch-light being used to 
lure them. As Inskeep's mill was the only place 
wliere the river could be forded, hence a trail 
from the Atlantic to Burlington County passed that 
way and was much used by both whites and Indians. 
The mill has been abandoned and the property 
owneil by the Hay estate. Northwest from this 
place E. A. Russell erected a steam grist-mill 
in 1SS2, which was destroyed by fire the same 
year. It was immediately rebuilt by him and has 
since been in operation. 

In the northern part of tlie township is the idd 
S|)riug Garden tavern-stand, so long kept by David 
Albertson family, and after his death by his wife, 
Rebecca. In the days of travel by wagon the place 
had considerable prominence, but has long since 
been abandoned as a hotel. 

On the Atlantic County line, about two miles 
from Winslow Junction, is the hamlet of 

El.1I. — It is a station on the jNew Jersey South- 



698 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



em Railroad, and contains a post-office, a store, 
school-house, Methodist Church and the homes of 
about forty families. Most of these fiud occupa- 
tion in fruit culture. The hamlet is new, but has 
bad an active growth since its existence. 

WiNSLOW Junction is eligibly located, at the 
crossing of the New Jersey Southeru Railroad and 
the Cauiden and Atlantic and the Philadelphia and 
Atlantic City Railways, whose tracks, at this jioint, 
run parallel to each other. No improvements be- 
yond the erection of the station building have 
been made, as the real estate has not been avail- 
able for settlement until within the past year. 
The Hay estate has recently surveyed some of the 
adjoining lands into lots, which makes it possi- 
ble to utilize the advantages which this location 
offers for residence and manufacturing purposes. 

WiNSLOW.— This is the largest village in the 
township, having a population of about five hun- 
dred. It has a station on the Camden and Atlantic 
Railroal and on the New Jersey Southern Rail- 
road, a mile from the junction of the two. The 
location is pleasant, but as the place was founded 
for a manufacturing village, and is wholly devoted 
to the glass-works there carried on, it has never 
become important as a trading point. The entire 
village, and hundreds of acres surrounding it, con- 
sisting of a highly cultivated farm ; and forests in 
their primeval condition, are the property of the 
children of Andrew K. Hay deceased, successor to 
William Coffin, Sr., who originated these enter- 
prises. He was the proprietor of the Hammonton 
Glass-Works, but, in 1831, began the improvements 
from which have sprung the extensive Winslow 
Glass-Works. At that time the site was a dense 
forest, and his son William Coffin, Jr., afterward 
proprietor of the works and the first man to fell a 
tree to make a clearing on which to build the 
works and the village connected with it. He 
named the place Winslow, in compliment to his 
youngest son, Edward Winslow Coffin, and when 
the township was formed, fourteen years later, this 
name was also adopted. The elder Coffin associ- 
ated his eldest son, William, with him, and busi- 
ness was transacted as William Colli n, Jr., & Co. 
In 1833 the senior William Coffin retired, and a 
brother-in-law of William Coffin, Jr., Thomas J. 
Perce became a member of the firm, which now 
was Coffin & Perce. This relation continued until 
the death of the latter, in 1835, when William 
Coffin, Jr., became the sole owner of the Winslow 
works. He operated them himself until 1838, 
when he sold a half interest to another brother-in- 
law, Andrew K. Hay, the firm becoming Coffin, 
& Hay. Mr. Hay was a practical glass-maker. 



and also interested in the Hammonton works, 
where he was the partner of another brother- 
in-law, Bodine Coffin. At Winslow the works 
were carried on by the two partners some time, 
when a third partner was admitted to the firm 
in the person of Tristram Bowdle. The old co- 
partnership of Coffin, Hay & Bowdle continued 
until 1847, when William Coffin, Jr., sold his 
interest to Edward Winslow Coffin and John B. 
Hay, and the firm became Hay, Bowdle & Co. In 
1850 Tristram Bowdle retired from the business, 
and, a year later, E. W. Coffin sold his interest to 
Andrew K. Hay, who, with his nephew, John B. 
Hay, now became the sole owners of the property. 
They at once began extending their business, mak- 
ing extensive improvements in the works and build- 
ing up the village. In 1852 an artesian well was 
driven to the depth of three hundred and fifteen 
feet to obtain a supply of water for the steam grist- 
mill, which established the geological fact that 
the green sand marl formation which crops out at 
Kirkwood is here found one hundred and fifty feet 
below the surface. Andrew K. Hay continued at 
the head of the business until his death, February 
17, 1881, at the age of seventy-two years. He was 
a native of Massachusetts, of Scotch parentage, 
and was distinguished for his enterprise and correct 
business habits. John B. Hay and the heirs of 
Andrew K. Hay carried on the works until 1884, 
when John B. Hay withdrew, since which time 
they have been operated under a lease by Tillyer 
Bros., Philadelphia. The manufacturing interests 
consist of a large steam grist and saw-mill, two 
large window-glass factories, a hollow-ware fac- 
tory, a large store and about one hundred tene- 
ments. Several hundred men and boys are em- 
ployed, many of the operatives having been con- 
nected with the works for a long term of years. 
The works have good shit)ping facilities, and the 
quality of glass here produced is superior. A post- 
office is maintained in the store of the company, 
and the village has a public hall, a Roman Catho- 
lic Chapel and a Methodist Episcopal Church. 

William Coffin, Jr., was born in Philadelphia, 
Pa., February 29, 1801. His ancestry is notable 
in both the paternal and maternal lines. His 
father, William Coffin, was a direct descendant 
from Tristram Coffin, who settled in Massachusetts 
as early as 1642, and the family has been conspic- 
uous in the New England States to the present 
time. The oldest traceable ancestor came from 
Normandy with William the Conqueror into Eng- 
land, and was the recipient of a landed estate from 
his commander for valuable services rendered. 

His mother, Ann Bodine (a daughter of Joel 



THE TOWNSHIP OF WINSLOW. 



699 



Bodine), was a desceiidaiit. of one of the French 
Huguenot families— banished for their religious 
views, and who came to America and infused the 
best blood of their native land into the veins of 
many prominent citizens. 

William Coffin, the grandfather, came into New 
Jersey in 1768, settling in Burlington County, and 
died about the beginning of the Revolutionary 
War. When William, Jr. (and the fifth of the 
name in direct succession), was about one year 
old his i)arents removed from Philadelphia into 
Gloucester County, New Jersey, and settled at 
New Freedom, about three miles south of Lnng- 
a-Coming (Berlin). This was a settlement of 
Friends, where a meeting-house then stood, and 
where a burial-place is still maintained. Remain- 
ing here but a short time, they removed to the 
" Sailor Boy" tavern, which was at that time, and 
remained for many years after, one of the principal 
stopping-places for travelers in going from the 
"Shore" to Philadelphia. 

This hostelry stood by the main stage road, 
nearly midway between the Delaware River and 
the ocean, in the midst of the pine forests, and 
where the several highways going "up shore" and 
" down shore " left the main road to Absecom ; 
hence travelers were frequent and business plenty. 
In 1803 John R. Coates became the owner of 
several tracts of land in the middle part of what 
was then Gloucester County, and erected a saw- 
mill on one of the branches of Mullicas River that 
passed through it. William Coffin attended to the 
building of the dam and mill and a few dwellings, 
one of which he occupied. He named the place 
Hammonton in remembrance of his son, John 
Hammond. In 1814 he purchased the land, and in 
1819 conveyed one-half to Jonathan Haines, and 
they at once began the erection of a glass factory. 

Here began the business education of William 
Coffin, Jr. By means of the country schoolmaster, 
and through the aid of his father, he had acquired 
some knowledge of figures and writing, which were 
rapidly improved by his varied employments about 
the fiictory. As clerk in the store, the buyer of 
goods in Philadelphia and general accountant 
among the workmen, he improved his business 
methods and became the more useful to his father. 
In 1823 he was made partner and so continued 
for five years, when he, with three other persons, 
under the name of Coffin, Pearsall & Co., estab- 
lished a glass-works at Millville, in Cumberland 
County, N. J. There he remained for two years, 
when he returned to Hammonton and again became 
a partner there. 

In 1829 "William Coffin, Sr., purchased several 



adjoining tracts of tindier land lying about si.x 
miles northwest from Hammonton, in Camden 
County, and, with William, Jr., and his son-in-hnv, 
T. Jelferson Perce, erected a glass factory within 
the land of the same. This was called Winslow, 
for his youngest son, who boars the honored name 
of one of the Ibremost men of New England in 
colonial times. In 1834 the title to the land was 
conveyed to the two last-named persons, who con- 
tinued the business until 1837, when T. J. Perce 
died, and William Coffin, Jr , became sole owner. 
The next year Andrew K. Hay, another son-in- 
law, became part owner of Winslow, and in 1847 
William Coffin, Jr., retired from the business by 
conveying his remaining interest to Tristram 
Bowdell, Edward W. Coffin and John B. Hay. 
For twenty-eight years, it will be seen, he was ac- 
tively engaged in the manufacture of glass, in the 
beginning but little understood, and dependent on 
foreign operatives. With characteristic energy he 
kept pace with every improvement, and was a firm 
adherent to the favorite policy of Henry Clay in 
the protection of home manufactures. He cer- 
tainly exemplified it in the development of that 
particular industry, the Ijenefits of wdiich, in that 
section of country, can be traced to his foresight 
and liberality. 

Although William Coffin, Jr., retired with an 
ample fortune, yet he soon entered into a new 
enterprise. He associated himself with Professor 
J. C. Booth, of Philadelphia, in the experiment of 
refining nickel and cobalt, it being the fir.st attempt 
in that direction made in this country. It proved 
successful, and in 1852 the business was removed 
to Camden, N. J., on Coopers Creek, and much 
enlarged. These works are now owned by Joseph 
Wharton, Esq., who continued the business. In 
1850, with a few others, he founded the gas works 
in Brooklyn, N. Y., and soon after established the 
gas works in the city of Buffalo, N. Y. 

About this time he removed to Haddonfield and 
erected a handsome private residence, where he 
resided for several years, dispensing a liberal hos- 
pitality to the many friends who surrounded him. 

In the inception and completion of th(^ Camden 
and Atlantic Railroad he took an active part and 
lived to see it in successful operation. Pstssing as 
it did through lands formerly owned by himself 
and a section of the country with which he was 
familiar, he could ajjpreciatc its advantages and 
understand its benefits. 

Disposing of his residence in Haddonfield, he 
removed to Philadelphia, where he died February 
29, 1872, leaving a widow, Ruth Ann (a daughter 
of John Dean, and whom he married in 1829), and 



700 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



one daughter. His life was an active one, and 
proves what industry, euterpri.se and business in- 
tegrity will do. 

WiJJSLOW Lodge, No. 40, I. O. O. F., was in- 
stituted May 18, 184(), with the following as the 
first officers: E. W. Coffin, Noble Grand; Uziel 
Bareford, Vice-Grand ; Wm. S. Fort, Sec. ; John 
H. Coffin, Treas. The first meetings were held in 
one of the factory buildings, but in 18-18 a regular 
lodge-room was secured in the public building 
erected by the Winslow Hall Association. This 
body was composed of members of the lodge, citi- 
zens and A. K. Hay, the latter holding three-fifths 
of the stock. As originally built, the hall was a 
two-story frame edifice, costing two thousand dol- 
lars, but it was enlarged and improved in 1880, at 
a cost of six hundred dollars more. The lower 
story forms a roomy hall, which is supplied with a 
good stage. The lodge-room is neatly furnished, 
and has been continuously occupied since 18-18. 
In 1886 the number of members belonging was 
eighty-five, and the lodge had a working capital 
of three thousand dollars. Its principal officers 
are, — Noble Grand, William Baird ; Vice-Grand, 
Thomas Moore ; Treasurer, William F. Swisslcr; 
Secretary, C. B. Westcott. 

Winslow Encampment, No. 10, I. O. O. F., 
was instituted March 25, 1847, with the following 
officers : A. K. Hay, C. P.; E. W. Coffin, H. P. ; 
Jas. A. Hay, S. W.; Sylvester Chase, J. W.; Jas. 
Eisley, Scribe. By the organization of other en- 
campments the membership of No. 16 has been 
much diminished, reducing the number belonging 
in 1886 to thirteen. At the same time the officers 
were,— C. P., H. M. Jewett ; H. P., Wm. F. Sem- 
ple ; Treasurer, Wm. Brayman ; Scribe, C. P. 
Westcott. 

The hall has also been occupied by a division of 
Sons of Temperance and a lodge of Good Tem- 
plars, both of which have discontinued their meet- 
ings. An assembly of the Knights of Labor, or- 
ganized a few years ago, now meets statedly, and 
is reported in a flourishing condition. 

New Hopewell (Friends') Meeting-House. 
— About the middle of the last century a number 
of Friends settled in what is now the upper part of 
Winslow township, where they soon after estab- 
lished a meeting. For this purpose several acres 
of land were secured from William Norcross, on 
the old Egg Harbor road, about two miles from 
Wilton Station, and below the main line of the 
Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railroad. Upon 
this was built a small, plain, one-story frame meet- 
ing-house, and a graveyard was opened on the same 
ground, which was occupied about fifty years. The 



principal founders and members of the meeting 
were William Norcross and his sons, Uriah and 
Job, Thomas Penn, George Sloan, Jonathan Jones, 
John Brown, Abraham Watson, Abraham Brown, 
John Shinn, James Thornton, William Peacock, 
David Tice, William Boulton, Isaiah Clutch, 
John Duble and Joseph Peacock. Of these, John 
Shinn was a speaker of power and acceptance, 
who took up his residence in this isolated locality 
to escape the praise of those who admired his 
preaching in the older meetings. In his own 
words this purpose was expressed: "I came to 
these wilds to avoid the praise of man, lest I be- 
come vain and forget the fear of the Lord." The 
natural sterility of the soil and the location of the 
meeting-house on a road which was seldom trav- 
eled, after more direct thoroughfares were opened, 
was unfavorable to the prosperity of the meeting, 
which was now only irregularly held, under the 
direction of the Evesham Monthly Meeting. This 
relation is shown from a minute of the latter meet- 
ing. Second Month 8, 1794 : 

" Friends appointed in the 11 Mo. last, to have 
the oversight of the meeting held at a place called 
New Hopewell, reported their attention thereto, 
and that Friends there were careful in the attend- 
ance thereof. And the Friends who constitute 
that meeting request liberty to hold meetings as 
heretofore lor three months, which the meeting 
taking into consideration uuitea in the continu- 
ance thereof, for two months, and Enoch Evaus, 
Isaac Boulton, Joshua Stokes and Ephraim Stratton 
are appointed to have the oversight thereof and 
to report to this meeting in 4"' Mo. next." This 
arrangement was continued some years, when the 
death of some of the older Friends, and the re- 
moval of others had so much diminished the 
membership that the meeting was finally " laid 
down" in 1819, and the later business records re- 
moved to Evesham, Burlington County, where 
they now remain, in charge of the clerk of that 
meeting. From them may be obtained informa- 
tion in regard to families, now wholly extinct, 
which would assist in unraveling many genealog- 
ical difficulties connected with the first settlers of 
this part of the county. 

After 1820 the old meeting-house was removed 
by Job Norcross, and rebuilt as a two-story dwell- 
ing, on the Blue Anchor road, not quite a mile 
from its old site, where it is now occupied as the 
home of William Norcross. The grave-yard was 
preserved by the Friends, and burials of their de- 
scendants have since been made there. It is the 
only reminder of the once familiar landmark, 
which was the centre of a populous settlemeut of 



THK TOWNSHIP OF WINSLOW. 



rdl 



professing Christians, who luive long since iiassccl 
away. Although the names of many are no longer 
remembered, the imjiress of their consistent lives 
may yet be seen in the best traditions of the neigh- 
borhood Their influence for truth and justice 
continues to this day. 

In 1883 the Friends relinquished their intere,st 
in the grave-yard in favor of the people of Wins- 
low, who selected a board of trustees to control the 
same. The members were Samuel T. Peacock, 
.Job Eldridge, Matthias Simmerman, George 
Norcross and George Peacock. Under their di- 
rection the cemetery was substantially inclosed, 
and though in a spot isolated from any other kind 
of improvement, it shows the care which is be- 
stowed on it. In the ground are the following 
marked graves : 

.Tub Norcross, died iu 1854, aged seventy-five years. 

Rev. Beuj. Y. Thackara, died 1SC4, aged seventy-four yeai-s. 

Ann Tliackara, died 1857, aged sevcnty-tbree years. 

Elizabeth Thacliara, died 1847, aged forty-four years. 

Tlionias Ponn, died 1831, aged eiglity years. 

Kuth Teun, died 1837, aged eiglity-oue years. 

George Penn, died 1863, aged seventy-tlireo years. 

Sarali Penn, died 1795, aged three years. 

Joseph Peacock, died 1855, aged seventy-one years. 

Tamar Peacock, died 1869, aged eighty-one years. 

.Tames Ware, died 1865, aged 8i.\ty-five years. 

Ruth Ware, <lied 1855, aged lifty.seven years. 

Joshua Eldridge, died 1851, aged eighty-seven years. 

.\niy Eldridge, died 1846, aged seventy-two years. 

Janies Githeus, died 1SC4, aged fifty-two years. 

Baptist Church at Tan.sboro'. — Some of the 
early settlers of this locality entertained the Baptist 
faith and had occasional meetings in the New Free- 
dom Church, the minister coming from Evesham, 
in Burlington County. An increase of interest 
cau.sed an organization to be formed and measures 
were taken to erect a church. January 10, 1841, 
James Cain donated an acre of land at Tansboro', 
on which such a building might be erected, con- 
veying the same to Elijah Briant, Charles Kain, 
Joseph Porter, James Cain and John Cain, " Trus- 
tees appointed by and witli the consent of the 
Baptist Church, at Evesham, in trust for the Bap- 
tist denomination of Tansboro' and its vicinity, of 
the same faith and order as th^ Baptist Church at 
Evesham, for the purpose of erecting a Baptist 
Church in said place." The meeting-house — a 
frame structure — was soon after built, and, on the 
3d of May, 1845, the church became a corporate 
body, with John Johnson, Joseph Heritage and 
Charles H. French as trustees. In the course of 
years, after meetings had been regularly held for 
some time, the membership was so much dimin- 
ished that services were discontinued. Since 1865 
no meetings were held and the house was allowed 
to go to ruin. On the 15th of September, 1874, 



William 1!. French and l^halkley Haines, the sur- 
viving trustees, conveyed the property to the West 
New Jersey Baptist Association, in which body the 
title now rests, but no effort has been made to im- 
prove it. The walls of the old church remain — 
grim reminders of the devastating influence of 
time, and those who once worshipped there are 
scarcely remembered by the present generation. 

The Nkw Freedo.m Church.— Some time after 
1810 the citizens of this locality united in biiildinga 
house for public meetings, iu which variousdenom- 
inatious held services, those of the Methodists pre- 
dominating. ,\fter the organization of societies at 
Sicklerville and Tansboro' by the Methodist Epis- 
copal branch, the Methodist Protestants estab- 
lished regular services at this place. Their first 
meetings were held in the old church, but in 18G7 
a new church was built in the same locality, wliich 
has since been occupied. The lot on which the 
house stands was donated by Daniel Thackara, 
and the building committee was composed of Isaac 
S. Peacock, Joseph Buzby, Samuel Bittle, Rev. J. 
K. Freed and Ezra Lake. It is a plain frame 
structure, thirty by forty-eight feet, and cost 
twenty-three hundred dollars. On the 14th of 
May, 1868, the church became an incorporated 
body, with the following trustees : Jacob K. Freed, 
Samuel B. Bittle, Isaiah E. Gibson, Joseph Wat- 
son and James H. Howard. The membership of 
the church is small, not exceeding twenty in May, 
1886. The congregation had occasional services 
in connection with the church at (^'edar Brook. 
The latter building was ]nit up in 1885, chiefly by 
John R. Duble, Samuel Peacock, Ed. McCullough 
and Wesley Bates, for the use of religious so- 
cieties in that locality. The Methodists worshipping 
here are few in numbers, almost all the members 
being females. The many changes of residence of 
the members of the foregoing churches have in.ade it 
impossible or difficult to maintain the organiza- 
tion, and, in consequence, the records kept by 
them are very fragmentary and their history not 
connected. It is a matter worthy of note, though, 
that after the decease or removal of the elder 
Friends most of the younger element connected 
itself with other Protestant Churches instead of 
adhering to the faith of their fathers, and as they 
exercised the greatest freedom of choice, this may 
account for the number of denominational efforts 
in this part of the county, more societies being or- 
ganized than it was possible to maintain in a 
country just passing through its transition stages. 
In the grave-yard connected with the New 
Freedom Church are interred, among others, the 
following : 



702 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



William Curtis, ilied 1803, aged sixty-three years. 
Hannah Curtis, died 1SG2, aged fifty-nine years. 
Cornelius Curtis, died 1880, aged forty-eight years. 
Gilbert Kellum, died 1844. aged sixty-four years. 

William Kellura, died 1820, aged . 

Martha Crowley, died 1881, aged ninety -oue years. 
Josiah Tice, died 1847, aged thirty-four years. 
- Emanuel Bodine, died ISSO, aged tifty-three yeare. 
Edward G. Brown, died 1862, aged forty-six yeare. 
Samuel G. Bettle, died 1874, aged thirty six years. 

The yard shows signs of neglect and is not so 
much used as iu former periods. 

TAN.SBORO' Methodist Episcopal Ciidrch. — 
After holding their meetings in the old New 
Freedom Cliurch a number of years, the Method- 
ist congregatiun erected a new church at Tans- 
boro' in 1857. The house is a plain frame, having 
a seating capacity for a few hundred worshippers, 
and was built on a lot donated by John Carroll. 
Those active in it were Samuel Butler, Henry 
Brown, Matthias Simmerman, James Dill and 
Michael Earliug, serving as a committee for the 
congregation. The church has sustained various 
circuit relations, being associated with Sicklerville 
and at present with Atco, having no regular min- 
ister. When connected with the former, among the 
preachers were the Revs. Johnson, Moore, Stock- 
ton, Morgan, Shimp, Tunneycliff, Reeves, Engard 
and Murrell. The membership has been fluctuat- 
ing, owing to the changes at the glass-works, but, 
in May, 1886, the number belonging was sixty, 
and the trustees were W. T. Sickler, Henry 
Besser, Jacob Besser, Michael Burdsall, Abraham 
Burdsall and George Robinson. The latter is also 
superintendent of a flourishing Sunday-school. 

The Sickleeville Methodist Episcopal 
Chuech. — The first Methodist meetings in this lo- 
cality were held at private houses and in the school- 
house, most of the preaching being done by John 
Sickler, a local preacher ; and the members were his 
sons, Christopher, John and William, with their 
families, and Joseph Jones. About 1837 William 
Sickler set aside an acre of land for church purposes, 
and soon after the neighbors united in building a 
small frame house thereon. Here schools were 
kept during the week and religious meeting.? on 
the Sabbath, the attendants coming many miles. 
Some time after, Sickler donated an additional 
acre of land on which to establish a cemetery, 
deeding the whole, in trust, to John Sickler, John 
Barton, Christopher Sickler and Thomas Lashley. 
The old building was used until 1859. when the 
present church was erected in its stead. It is a neat 
frame structure, thirty-five by forty -five feet, which 
has been made attractive by recent improvements. 
In 1886 the property was in charge of trustees 
William Andrew, William Shreve, S. W. Sickler, 



and Paul H. Sickler. The latter has been a local 
preacher the past twenty years. The membership 
of the church is small, the entire number not 
exceeding twenty-five, and the pastoral service is 
in connection with churches in Gloucester County, 
but for many years it was joined to Tansboro' in 
forming a charge. A Sunday-school of sixty mem- 
bers has Sears W. Sickler as its superintendent. It 
was organized soon after the class was formed by 
Paul H. and John J. Sickler. 

The Methodist Episcopal Church at 
WiNSLOW.— In 1840 Wni. Coffin and A. K. Hay 
deeded a lot of land in the village of Winslow to 
the Methodist Episcopal Society, who erected a 
small frame meeting-house thereon the same year, 
but before this time an organization had been 
effected, the first religious services being held in 
the school-hou.se, on an adjoining lot. The original 
church building has been repaired and was en- 
larged by the addition of a pulpit recess. In 
1886 its trustees are C. P. Westcott, H. M. 
Jewett, William D. Haines, William Brayman 
and George H. Long. Being, for a number of 
years, the only church in the village, the member- 
ship was correspondingly large, and for the past 
twenty years Winslow has sustained the relation 
of being a separate charge, the appointment at Elm 
being added the present year. Under this arrange- 
ment the Rev. Thomas Wilson was the first pastor, 
the Rev. Samuel S. Belleville being the present. 
The church has a membership of sixty-five, in- 
cluding probationary members, and maintains a 
Sunday-school which has eighty members. The 
proprietors of Winslow not only encouraged the 
building of the church, but they also set aside a 
fine building, which is nominally the parsonage, 
and contribute freely to the su|)port of the religious 
work. This liberal policy has had a wholesome 
effect upon the morals of the community. 

The Methodist Episcopal Church at Elm 
is a new edifice, having been erected in 1884, 
mainly by the efforts of the Rev. Alexander Gil- 
more, of the United States army, a resident of 
this place, assisted by J. Christie, H. L. Ferris, 
Charles E. Albright and others. It is a small but 
neat frame building, and well accommodates the 
congregation which occupies it. There are about 
thirty members, having the same ministerial ser- 
vice as the church at Winslow. 

In the latter village a small Catholic chapel was 
fitted up, in 1884, by Mrs. A. D. Squires, for the 
accommodation of those entertaining that faith, 
numbering about twenty communicants. Monthly 
services are held by a visiting priest, the Rev. 
Father Von Riel, of Egg Harbor City. The 



THE TOWNSHIP OF WINSLOW. 



703 



chapel has neat surroiiiKlings. In connectidn 
with the Methodist Churcli atWinslow is a public 
cemetery, in which are interred nicist of the 
deceased who ibrnicrly lived in this part of the 
township. 

The CtREENWOon Cemetery Association, of 
Blue Anchor, was incorporated January 12, ISSf), 
with Trustees Henry Poland, William Maxwell. 
William Hagan, Joseph Wilson, Timothy Thomp- 
son and John I. Brick, to control a small cemetery 
which was opened near the Blue Anchor tavern. 
The association is non-sectarian. 

BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Andrew K. Hay was of (German extraction, his 
ancestors in the maternal line being among the 
Hollanders who settled on the shores of the Dela- 
ware River before the English emigrants arrived. 
He was born in Massachusetts, and after receiving 
what education could be obtained at that time, was 
employed in the manufacture of window-glass, 
then but a limited industry in the United Stales. 
In 1829, and when quite a young man, he came to 
New Jersey and was engaged at the Waterford 
Works, then owned by Porter, Shreve & Co. He 
soon removed to Hammontou, then owned by Wil- 
liam Coffin, and, in 1832, married Ann, a daughter 
of the proprietor. William Coffin withdrew, and 
the works were managed by his son, Bodine Coffin, 
and his son-in-law, A. K. Hay. 

Three years after the death of T. Jefferson Perce 
(1S3S), wlio, with William Coffin, Jr., were operat- 
ing the windo^v-glass works until 1835, Andrew K. 
Hay purchased an interest, and, with William Cof- 
fin, Jr., continued the business until 1847, with the 
addition of Tristram Bowdle as another partner. 
In the last-named year Edward W. Coffin became 
the owner of William Coffin, Jr.'s share, and con- 
85 



tinned until 18.')1. In Ihalyear Andrew K. Hay, 
with his nephew, .Fohn B. Hay, acquired the entire 
interest, and the firm of Hay & Co. was in existence 
until the death of A. K. Hay, in 1881. 

The firm kept pace with every improvement in 
the manufacture of glass, and enlarged the busi- 
ness by the addition of steam mills for grain and 
timber. The idea that the land in the pine bar- 
rens could not be made available for farming pur- 
poses was exploded at Winslow, where some five 
hundred acres were under cultivation, supplying 
all the hay, grain, corn, potatoes and other needs 
of the peo|)le about the factory in that direct ion. 

Bottle furnaces were introduced, which increased 
in number with the demand for that kind of ware, 
and employing many other men and boys about the 
establishment. In 1849 he was elected a member of 
Congress, serving one term, but refused a second 
election, as his extensive business at home required 
liis personal attention. He was offered other po- 
litical promotions, but always declined for the 
reasfms before stated. 

The first suggestions as to the building of the 
Camden and Atlantic Railroad met his approval, 
and the project had no more faithful supporter 
from the beginning to the completion. The ad- 
vantage it would be to his own landed estate was 
worth some risk, which he met as the work pro- 
gressed. 

Andrew K. Hay was truly a self-made man. 
Being familiar with every detail of his business, 
he was never dependent on others in matters of 
judgment or experience. His success in life may 
be traced to these material points, and illustrate 
the benefits thus to be derived. He was popular 
among those he employed, and had the confidence 
of all who knew him. He died February 7, 1881. 



THE TOWNSHIP OF CENTRE. 



CHAPTER XVI. 

Surface and Soil— Early Settlern anil Dehcendants— The Huggs, 
Brownings, Hillraane, Hinchmans, Thornes, Glovers and later 
Comers— Civil History— Village of Snow Hill— Societies— Churcliei! 
—Magnolia— Guinea Town— Mount Epliraini. 

Topography.— This township is bounded as 
follows : On the north, by Haddon township, from 
which it is separated by the south branch of New- 
ton Creek ; on the northeast by Delaware town- 
ship, separated in part by a branch of Coopers 
Creek ; on the east and south by Gloucester town- 
ship ; on the south and west by Deptford town- 
ship, in Gloucester County, being separated there- 
from by Great Timber Creek ; and on the west by 
Gloucester City. 

The general surface of the township is level, 
though elevated in some localities to have the ap- 
pearance of hills, chief among which are Mount 
Ephraim and Irish Hill. The latter was used be- 
fore the era of telegraphs for signal purposes, be- 
ing one of a number of places in a chain of com- 
munication from Wilmington to New York. On 
Irish Hill a tall oak-tree was used as the base of a 
station, which was supplied with colored lights at 
night and shutters in daytime to communicate the 
news of the owners of the line. It is said to have 
been used chiefly by sporting men, who took this 
means to apprise their friends of the result of a 
lottery or a horse-race, often reaping large sums 
by reason of having the earliest news. At this 
place is a valuable deposit of clay, which has been 
only partially developed. 

The soil of Centre township, generally, is a 
sandy loam, and, with careful cultivation, is very 
productive. The drainage is afforded by the 
boundary streams and Beaver Branch and Little 
Timber Creeks, both flowing into Great Timber 
Creek, which is a tidal stream. Valuable meadows 
704 



have been made along these streams (where the 
first settlements were made) by means of dykes 
and dams, and here are found some of the most de- 
sirable farms in Camden County. In some local- 
ities are areas of porous sand, making the soil non- 
productive for some crops, but the same section 
has been made to yield rich returns in the hands 
of the fruit-grower and market-gardener. Much at- 
tention has been directed, within late years, to those 
interests, and the value of the lands has been pro- 
portionately increased. The township has good 
roads, being traversed by the Blackwoodtown and 
White Horse turnpikes from north to south, and 
old highways from east to west. 

Early Settlement, Early Settlers and 
THEIR Descend.ants. — None of the early settlers 
within the area now embraced in the township of 
Centre had more landed possessions or enjoyed 
greater prominence than the Huggs. At one time 
all the land lying between the Little Timber 
Creek and the main creek of that name, for a dis- 
tance of three miles, was owned by members of the 
Hugg family. The name Hugg is of Irish origin. 
John Hugg, one of the early settlers, came from 
the parish of Castle Ellis, in Ireland. He was a 
Friend, and, though not a partner in the enter- 
prises which brought many Friends to this 
country at that period, was yet a person of consid- 
erable mean.s. His first settlement was on five hun- 
dred acres of land (lying at the junction of the two 
streams) which he purchased of Robert Z ine in 
1683, and a part of which he then devised to his 
grandson, William Hugg, who did not come 
into possession of it until some fifty years later. 
His first residence stood where the Little Timber 
Creek flows into Great Timber Creek. From it a 
view of the Delaware River was afforded, as well 
as much of the stream before his house. He es- 
tablished a landing, which had the character of a 



THE TOWNSHIP OF CENTRE. 



705 



public place for many years, and where consider- 
able shipping is yet done. The place where the 
house of Jolin Hugg stood is regarded by some 
antiquaries as the site of old Fort Nassau, which 
was built by the Dutch in 1623, when they first at- 
tempted a settlement on the Delaware. It is .said 
that some pieces of Dutch brick and pottery were 
here fouud after the lapse of mf)re than two hun- 
dred and forty years, which indicated this spot as 
the possible site of that historical fortification. 
Whatever doubts may attach to such a belief, it is 
well known that John Hugg lived there until hi.s 
death, in 1706. He had four sons, namely, John 
and Elias, who both married daughters of Francis 
Collins, Joseph and Charles being younger. They 
were also of adult age when John Hugg took up 
his home here in Centre township, as they soon 
after settled around him and became prominent 
citizens. 

John Hugg, Jr., was very active in public 
affairs. " For six years, from 1695, he was one of 
the judges of the courts of Gloucester County, and, 
foi- ten years, was a member of the Governor's 
Council, which is evidence of his worth as a just 
and upright man." 

From 1726 to 1730 he was sheriff of the county. 
which was probably his last service in a public 
capacity. Between 16% and 1710 he located sev- 
eral tracts of land between the Great and Little 
Timber Creeks, extending nearly to the head of 
the latter and across to the former, including 
what was lately known as the Crispin Farm. It is 
believed that he resided in that locality, where he 
had the advantages of navigation, and a great 
breadth of meadow lands could be secured by 
building a bank along the stream to prevent their 
overflow by the tide. This place was called 
"Plain Hope," but, in 1811, when Samuel L. 
Howell was the owner, the name was " Marlboro' 
Farm," which title it retained for years. 

William Crispin, an Englishman, became the 
owner of this place in 1846, and added to its im- 
provements. He was also the owner of the ad- 
joining farm, known as the " Parker Place," each 
having about two hundred acres. The meadows 
on these lands cause them to be among the most 
valuable farms in the township. 

John Hugg was noted for the number of slaves he 
owned, many of the colored people in this town- 
ship having descended from those who were for- 
merly in his service. From all accounts he must 
have been a kind master, as his slaves considered 
it a great honor to be servants in the Hugg family. 
In 1709 he sold one of his negro boys (Sambo), to 
John Hinchmau, as is elsewhere noted. 



The death of John Hugg occurre<l in 1730 and 
is thus described by Sinitli, in his " History of 
New Jersey," — 

" In this year died John Hugg, Esq., of Glou- 
cester City. He was about ten years one of the 
Council. Riding from home one morning, he was 
supposed to be taken ill about a mile from his 
house, when, getting off" his horse, he spread his 
cloak on the ground to lie down on, and having 
put his gloves under the saddle and hung his whip 
through one of the rings, he turned his horse 
loose, which, going home, put the people upon 
searching, who found hiin in this circumstance 
speechless; they carried him to his house and he 
died that evening." 

He died respected by all who knew him, leaving 
to survive him a second wife and the following- 
named children : Mary (married to Thomas Lip- 
pincott), Sarah, Priscilla, Hannah, Joseph, Gabriel, 
John, Elias and Jacob. John died when yet 
young and Elias without children. 

Elias Hugg, the brother of John and son of the 
emigrant, lived in the house occupied before him 
by his father and probably kept a store to supply 
the wants of the people of those days, whiskey 
and tobacco being staple commodities. As many 
of his customers were watermen, " his premises, 
no doubt, furnished the scene of many carousals 
among them when detained by wind and tide.'" 

The large landed estates of the Huggs in this 
township, after passing to the second and third 
generations, eventually ceased to be owned by any 
of the lineal descendants of the family and for 
many years no male members by the name have 
remained in the vicinity. 

In the course of years part of the original Hugg 
tract became the property of Isaac Browning, the 
youngest son of George Browning, who emigrated 
to this country from Holland before 1752, and who 
settled in what is now Stockton township. There 
Isaac was born, December 1, 1775, and at the time 
of his death lived at the mouth of Timber Creek. 
He had three sons and two daughters, namely : 
Joshua P., George Benjamin, Cooper P., Mary and 
Catherine. The first-named son lived on the 
homestead of his father several years, when he 
moved to Haddonfield. He was married to Amelia, 
a daughter of John Clement, and was an influen- 
tial man in the interest of public improvements. 
In Centre township the Brownings were progres- 
sive citizens and the landing on the creek is still 
known by their name. 

In 1697 John Hillman purchased one hundred 
and seventy acres of land of Francis Collins, 
adjoining the estate of John Gill, where he set- 



706 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY. NEW JERSEY. 



tied. His land lay on both sides of the Haddonfield 
road to Snow Hill, and his house stood near the 
present Chapman residence. As theoldEf^g Har- 
bor road passed by his house, he kept a tavern, but 
his place did not become noted as a resort, in the 
sense that attached to some of the taverns of that 
period, since the travel was comparatively light. 
A short distance below this house two roads di- 
verged, one going to Salem by way of Clements 
Bridge, and the other towards the shore. 

The soil here is light and the place was no 
doubt selected on account of the ease with which 
a clearing might be made, as the growth of timber 
in these sandy places was never very heavy. 

In 1720 John Hillman devised this tract of land 
to his son John, who, however, settled in Glouces- 
ter township, near the White Horse Tavern. His 
son Joseph lived on the homestead some time, but 
in 1760, sold to Daniel Scull, of Egg Harbor. 
Thus, for more than a hundred years, this proper- 
ty has been out of the name of Hillman, and, 
being now the site of the hamlet of Snow Hill, 
has been disposed of to many owners. 

Daniel Hillman, a brother of John, who settled 
in Gloucester, located on a tract of one hundred 
acres of land which had been surveyed for William 
Sharp in 1701. He gradually extended his estate 
towards the south, while it joined the lands of the 
Clarlfs on the west, and those of the Albertsons on 
the east. His house stood on what became the 
Howell estate and was a plain log building. In 
1754 Daniel Hillman died and gave this tract to his 
four sons, James, John, Daniel and Joseph, who 
improved the same, erecting dwellings thereon. 
In 1734 Joseph sold his interest to Jacob Jennings, 
who had the same resurveyed the following year. 
In this purchase the greater part of the hundred 
acres, located in 1701, was included, and as the 
older members of the family had died or moved, 
the lands thus became the property of stran- 
gers. Many descendants of the Hillmans still 
reside in the township, but on lands not of the 
original estate. 

It may have been noted that before the discov- 
ery of fertilizers, the farmers in this section soon 
exhausted the natural richness of their lands, 
which thereafter afforded them but scanty subsist- 
ence, making it impossible to put up good im- 
provements out of their earnings of the soil. The 
use of marl and other fertilizers has changed all 
these conditions. 

John Hinchman, the oldest son of John Hinch- 
man, of Newton township, located on part of the 
paternal estates, now mostly owned by the Willitses 
and Coopers, extending from the old Salem road to 



the head of Little Timber Creek, and adjoining 
the Jennings property. This land was part of the 
tract which had been conveyed to John Hinchman 
in 1699, by John Hugg and his wife, Priscilia, who 
had inherited some of the same from her father, 
Francis Collins. 

The dwelling-house of John Hinchman was a 
small, hipped-roof brick building, which, in its day, 
had some pretension to style and comfort. Its 
shape has been entirely changed and it now forms 
a part of the modern residence of the late Charles 
L. Willits. 

John Hinchman had a sort of a military career, 
having been appointed an ensign in one of the de- 
partments of the county in 1705. He was sheriff 
of the county after 1722, and in his day was quite 
prominent. As his second wife he married a grand- 
daughter of John Kay. His son, John, settled in 
Gloucester. 

John Thorne, was a brother-in-law of John 
Hinchman, having married his sister Ann. He 
came from Flushing, N. Y., following the Hinch- 
raans in their migration from that State. In 
1702 he purchased a tract of laud of John Read- 
ing, lying between the south branch of Newton 
and Little Timber Creeks, his tract including 
the farms known as the " Stokes Brick Farm " and 
the John D. Glover Farm. By his will, made 
in 1768, he gave his property to his son-in-law, 
John Glover, in fee. The latter married his 
daughter, Mary. In his day he was a man of 
marked influence. A few years before his death, 
in 1769, he removed to Haddonfield, where his 
widow continued to reside. His son Thomas died 
in 1759, leaving a daughter who was married to 
William Harrison. The latter owned and lived on 
a farm south of Mount Ephraim, known in later 
years as the property of Jesse W. Starr. He was 
a man of considerable prominence, serving as sher- 
ifl' in 1716. In this capacity he was instrumental 
in causing the defeat of John Kay, by ordering 
the election to be held at a point int)re fiivorable 
to Kay's opponent. Dr. Daniel Coxe. 

He was buried in a small family grave-yard, near 
the old brick house, which was demolished some 
years ago. 

John Glover, who lived du the John Thorne 
place, also came from Long Island and was a 
brother of William and Richard Glover. The for- 
mer settled in Newton township, the creek divid- 
ing his lands from John's. He was a bachelor 
and died in 1798, but much of the estate which he 
owned is still in the Glover name. John Glover, 
the husband of Mary Thorne, reared a numerous 
family, some having descendants who still remain 



THE TOWNSHIP OF CENTRE. 



ro7 



in the township. Near the residence of John T. 
Glover, on Newton Creek, his grandiather, John 
T., had a fulling-mill which descended thence to 
James Glover. It was abandoned many years ago. 

On Little Timber Creek, in the neighborhood of 
Mount Ephraim, was another power, in the early 
history of this section, where William Eldridge 
put up grist and fulling-mills. In 1805 he sold 
this property to Hezekiah Shivers, who disposed of 
it to John T. Glover, whence it passed to John O. 
Glover. The mills were near his residence. 
They have been unused for a long time. 

A hundred years after the general settlement of 
the territory now embraced in this township the 
principal owners were persons bearing the follow- 
ing names : Gill, Wilson, Brown, Chapman, Brown- 
ing, Atkinson, Glover, Budd, Zane, Willits, Cris- 
pin, Starr, Bell, Eastlack, Budd, Mather, Thackara, 
Clark, Kinsey, Haines, Lippincott, Kay, Davis, 
Strang, Rudlow, Rowand, Mickle, Webb, Brick, 
Harrison and Brazington. Many of these have de- 
scendants remaining in the township. 

Civil Oeganizatiox. — By legislative enact- 
ment, November 15, 1831, all that part of the 
township of Gloucester contained within the fol- 
lowing described bounds became a new township : 
" Beginning at the mouth of Beaver branch where 
it empties into Great Timljer Creek ; thence up 
the said creek to Clements Bridge; thence along 
the middle of the Evesham Road to the bridge 
over Coopers Creek ; thence down said creek to 
the corner of the township of Newton ; thence by 
the said township of Newton and Gloucester 
Town to the beginning, together with all that 
territory known by the corporate name of the 
Inhabitants of Gloueestertown in the county of 
Gloucester, hereafter known as the township of 
Union." 

The people in the territory described, sustained 
that township relation twenty-four years, when 
another division took place whereby the town- 
ship of Centre was created March 6, 1 855, as follows : 

" Beginning in the middle of GreatTimber Creek 
at the mouth of the southerly branch of Little 
Timber Creek; thence along the middle of Little 
Timber Creek to a point where the old King's 
Highway crossed the same ; thence northerly along 
the highway to the southwest corner of Cedar 
Grove Cemetery and corner of James H. Brick's 
land; thence along said line and by the lands of 
Aaron H. Hurley, crossing the Mt. Ephraim 
Road to the corner of the lands of John Brick, 
deceased ; thence along the lands of Brick and 
John C. Champion and John R. Brick to New- 
ton Creek, on the line of Newton Township; 



thence eastwardly by Newton Creek, on the line 
of Union and Newton, until it strikes the line of 
the townships of Union and Delaware; thence up 
the same to Burrough's Bridge ; thence on the 
middle of the highway and on boundary line be- 
tween the townships of Union and Gloucester to 
Clements Bri(lge,on the Great Timber Creek ; thence 
down the middle of the said creek to the place of 
beginning." 

The name of Centre was suggested by the 
intermediate position which the new township 
would occupy, with reference to Gloucester and 
the township of Newton, north and south of it. 

Under the act authorizing the erection of the 
township, the first annual town-meeting was held 
at the public-house at Mount Ephraim, March 14, 
1855. Chalkley Glover was chosen moderator and 
Jehu Budd clerk. 

'•It was voted that the township borrow $100 
to pay the current expenses; that a tax of $2.U0 
be levied for school purposes, for every child re- 
turned between the ages of five and eighteen 
years; that the township be divided inio two dis- 
tricts for the overseers of the highways." 

Since 18(53 the township meetings have been 
held at the public hall at Mount Ephraim, and 
the following have been the principal officers 
selected each year: Zebedee W. Nichols m, Chas. 
L. VVillitts and David A. Shreve, school superin- 
tendents until the county superinlendency was es- 
tablished. 

Towiishijt Clerks. 
1855. Jehu Budd. 1N07-68. Isaac G. Eastlack. 

1S56. Isaac Kay. IUG'J. George F. Howell. 

1857-00. Jeliu Budd. 1870-75. George T. Haines. 

18B1-(B. Beuj. A. Starr. 187 i-7S. Jolin D. Glover, Jr. 

1864-C5. David A. Shreve. 187'1-81, John Hutchinson. 

1806. Jehu Budd. 1882-84. Wni. 11. Turley. 

1885-80. Jared B. Chapman. 
AsseHort. 
1855-58. Joseph Budd. 1809. George Broadwater. 

18.59. John N. rlh, Jr. 1870. Joseph 0, Davis. 

18r,0. Henjaniiu Shivers. 1871-75. Jolin Ilutcliinson. 

1861-62. Jshu Budd. 1876-80. George T. Haines. 

1863. Isaac Brasington. 1881-82. Hiram E. Budd. 

1864-65. Jehu Budd. lt8:!-84. Natlcauiel Harton. 

1866-68. Joseph Uudd Wehb. 1885-86. W. II. Turley. 

C'llhctors. 
1855. Champion Goldy. 1866-68. George F. Howell. 

1856-57. J. seph M. Atkinson. 1870. Joseph B. Webb. 
1850-60. Simon W, Mitten. 1871-73. Henry Charman. 

1861 02. John P. Curtis. 1874-81. Nathaniel Barton. 

1863. Joseph M. Atkinson. 1882-84. David A. Shreve. 

1864-65. Champion Goldy. 1885. Samuel Bacon. 

1886. Henry Charman. 
Jmhces of the Peace. 

1855. John W. Chester. 1850. John 1'. Curtis. 
Joseph Fish. John W. Hay. 

1856. Joseph Budd. T. Oliver Goldsmith. 
Joseph C. Zane. Henry Cbarmau. 
Frederick Lister. Hiram K. Budd. 



708 



HISTORY OF CAMDKN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



The Village of Snow Hill is two miles 
from Haddonfield, on the elevated lands along the 
road to that town. Its population is composed 
almost exclusively of colored people. It contains 
several small stores, two good society buildings, 
three churches and within a radius of a mile are 
six hundred colored inhabitants. Although a 
number of colored people had settled in this 
locality at a much earlier i)eriod, the village was 
not regularly laid out until about 1840. At that 
period Ralph Smith, an Abolitionist, living in 
Haddonlield, who had advanced ideas of the future 
condition of the negro, purchased a tract of land 
and had William Watson survey the same into 
lots for him. In accordance with his purpose, to 
give the negro a village of his own, the place was 
appropriately called Free Haven. The lots being 
offered cheap, and as much effort was made in Phila- 
delphia and other cities to induce settlement, a 
large number were soon sold, only a few of which 
were improved. Among those who first settled 
here were Stephen Thomas, James Arthur, Isaac 
Arthur, Samuel Sharp, Perry Gibson, Thomas 
Brown and Thomas Banks. The last-named was 
a man of superior attainments, which caused him 
to be looked upon with deference, but at the same 
time made him an object of suspicion among his 
fellows, who accused him of self-aggrandizement. 
In the main, the settlers were haruu)nious and the 
community law-abiding and orderly. Many of the 
settlers came from the vicinity of Snow Hill. Md., 
from which circumstance came the name. Free 
Haven, as applied by Ralph Smith, never ob- 
tained any hold upon the people, and the original 
name still remains good. The village plot w.as 
enlarged by Jacob C. White, a colored dentist, of 
Philadelphia, who was warmly interested in the 
develo{)ment of the place. 

Within the last few years small stores have been 
kept at Snow Hill by Joseph E. Gray, John 
Williams and P. S. Smiley. A few shops are also 
maintained, but most of the inhabitants find occu- 
pation in agricultural pursuits. 

Societies. — In few places of its size are more 
secret societies successfully maintained than by 
the colored people of Snow Hill. A sketch of the 
various lodges of the village that existed in Janu- 
ary, 1886, is here given. The Daughters of Ebene- 
zer, organized 1842, a local beneficial society for 
women, having twenty-two members; Mt. Zion 
Beneficial Society, also local, instituted in 1850 
and having thirty members ; St. Matthew Union 
Lodge, No. lOj Independent Order of Good Samari- 
tans, instituted October 7, 1852, and incorporated 
March 18, 1872, had one hundred and twenty-five 



members. In 1870 a spacious two-story hall was 
erected by this order, the upper room being used 
for lodge purposes, the lower room for general 
meetings. In this building also meet the Daugh- 
ters of Samaria, whose membership is composed of 
women only. Hiram Lodge, No. 5, A. F. A. M., 
was instituted in September, 1874, and has thirty 
members. The meetings of this Masonic lodge are 
held in the Samaria Hall. Star of Liberty Lodge, 
No. 1062, G. O. of O. F., was instituted March 9, 
1863, with nine members, which number has been 
increased to eighty-six. In 1882 a very fine hall 
was built by the lodge, in the upper story of which 
meetings are regularly held. In this hall, also, 
meets the Household of Ruth, a Ladies' Odd-Fellow 
Auxiliary Society, which was organized in 1878, 
and which had thirty-six members in June, 1886. 
The Union Republican Association of Snow Hill, 
incorporated February 19, 1886, is one of the 
youngest benevolent organizations at this place. 

Schools. — Separate schools for the education of 
colored children were established about 1848, 
Samuel Sharp being the teacher. The present 
school-house was built in 1872, and is a large two- 
story frame structure. There are one hundred 
and twenty-seven children of school age, many of 
whom have a keen interest in educational matters. 
Among the later teachers have been Edward Mil- 
ler, John Jackson and John Goodwin. 

The Mr. Piscjah African Methodist Church 
was originated soon after 1800, and became a per- 
manent organization in 1813. Until that time 
Methodists of both the white and colored race of 
the vicinity held religious services together in a 
small frame building which stood upon the present 
church lot; but, following the advice of a colored 
minister, Richard Allen, who subsequently became 
a bishop, the colored element declared themselves 
independent of the Methodist Episcopate, where- 
upon some of the colored members and the whites 
withdrew to form the Methodist Church at Green- 
land. Bishop Allen then became the pastor of 
the independent church, and for many years 
served it, in connection with the Bethel Church 
(colored), in Philadelphia. From this fact the 
members of Mt. Pisgah Church are sometimes 
called the "Allenites." The present bishop is R. 
H. Kane, and the preacher in charge is T. A. V. 
Henry, who also supplies the mission at Haddon- 
field. The members number sixty-three. 

In 1867 the old meeting-house was replaced by 
the present large frame building which was neatly 
repaired in 1884. Its seating capacity is increased 
by the use of galleries on two sides and (^ne end. 
The property appears neally kept and is in 



THE TOWNRFIIP OF ( ENTRE. 



709 



charge of Trustees Isaac Jackson, ('harles Artliiir, 
Richard Tilman, Alfred Arthur, Joshua Arthur, 
Peter S. Smiley and Warner Gihbs. Ebenezer 
Mann and Peter Mott were former local preachers, 
and the latter organized the first Sunday-school 
about 1854. The present superintendent is John 
H. Jackson, and the membership of the Sunday- 
school is about seventy. In connection with the 
church is a grave-yard, where are buried some of 
the first colored settlers of this part of the town- 
ship. 

The Mt. Zion African Methodist Eprsco- 
PAL Church. — Not long after Allen's congrega- 
tion declared itself an independent church, the 
colored members adhering to the Methodist Ei)is- 
copacy organized themselves into a church body 
and, in 1828, secured their own house of worship. 
In this meetings were regularly held until it was 
burned down in 18.35. A new church was then 
built, which became too small to accommodate the 
growing membership, and, in 1868, it was taken 
down and the present church built in its place. It 
is a frame of neat proportions and has a large seat- 
ing capacity. A part of the old church building 
was converted into a jjarsonage, this appointment 
forming a charge in connection with Jordantown. 
The membership of the cliurch is large, number- 
ing nearly one hundred and seventy five, and the 
Sunday-school has one hundred and sixty scholars, 
having as its superintendent Henry D. Wilson. 
Upon the church lot is a grave-yard, and the i)rop- 
erty has, in 1886, the following trustees: Robert 
Cooper, Franklin Fossett, William Henry, An- 
thony Baynard, Albert A. Calles, Cupid Moore 
and Joseph E. Tray. 

Snow Hill Roman Catholic Church.— The 
building in which the members of the Catholic 
Church of this vicinity worshipped was built in 
1859, on a lot of ground donated for this purpose 
by James Diamond. It was here located on ac- 
count of its central position, in a large scope of 
country, which was taken up as a mission, many 
of the members living beyond Kirkwood, Black- 
wood, Chews Landing and Haddonfield, and all 
being whites. The communicants number nearly 
a hundred, and semi-monthly services are held by 
clergymen from Camden and Gloucester. At the 
latter place interments are made. The church is a 
small frame building of very humble appearance. 

Magnolia is southeast from Snow Hill and ex- 
tending beyond the Evesham road, on and in the 
neighborhood of the White Horse turnpike. It is 
the old hamlet of Greenland, properly called 
Magnolia, since the Philadelphia and Atlantic 
City Railroad located a station with that name 



near the |)lace where a |iost-oflice is now estab- 
lished. The term Greenland was applied on ac- 
count of the prevalence of a greenish soil in this 
locality very closely resembling marl. For many 
years the upper part of the settlement was called 
Frederickville, after Frederick Hines, one of the 
first settlors there, and by occupation a weaver, 
.loseph Webb, another early settler, followed the 
same trade, iviiile John Albertson and Samuel 
Barrett were fiirmers. 

For the greater part of half a century John P. 
Curtis, a local Methodist preacher, has lived in 
this place. Barrett varied his occujiation of a 
farmer by keeping a small store at the corner of 
the turnpike and the public road, where James 
Lee was afterwards engaged in trade. W^ithin the 
past few years James Barrett, Jr., has opened a 
store in a new building, not far from the old stand, 
and in the same neighborhood a good smithy has 
been established. 

At the crossing of the Haddonfield road, oppo- 
site the toll-house on the pike, Frederick Besser 
had a store and wiis succeeded by Joel G. Clark. 
The latter sold out to A. H. Wolohon, who built 
the present store about 1851, and converted the old 
stand into a residence. Nearer Snow Hill, Joseph 
Fish o]iened another store about 1855, where, for 
a number of years, Henry Charman has been in 
trade. The village has several hundred inhabit- 
ants, most of whom are whites. 

The Greenland Methodist Eplscopal 
Church. — Methodism was preached in this locality 
as early as the beginning of this century by the 
preachers named in the account of the Blackwood 
Cliurch, iuid later by others, whose names have 
not been preserved. The appointments were 
numerous and separated many miles, two preachers 
serving the circuit in 182(). It is said that David 
Daly, one of the preachers, was of the opinion that 
the members were heavily burdened to raise the 
pay of the preachers, about six hundred dollars 
per year, and that the pioneer, Jacob Gruber, 
thought that one man should be able to serve the 
circuit, which embraced the most of old Glouces- 
ter and Burlington Counties. It is an interesting 
historical fact that the same territory now supports 
about forty preachers, and that nearly one hundred 
thousand dollars is raised annually for the promo- 
tion of the church work, where a little more than 
sixty years ago a hundredth part was raised with 
difficulty. It is evidence not only of the increase 
of population, but also of the hold that Methodism 
has upon the people. 

The first meetings were held at Snow Hill in a 
building which was the joint property of the 



710 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



whites and the blacks, but which was relinquished 
in favor of the colored people about 1813. Soon 
after Samuel Barrett set aside an acre of laud, on 
the Evesham road, for church and cemetery pur- 
poses, where a small frame meeting-house was 
built in 1815, which was thenceforth the spiritual 
home of the white Methodists in this section of the 
country. Among the early members, and those 
who participated in building this house, were 
Samuel Barrett, Christopher Sickler, Joseph Webb, 
William Heppin and Frederick Hines. The 
church was used until 1867, when the present 
building was erected in its place by a building 
committee composed of J, P. Curtis, John W. 
Chester and Samuel Barrett. It is a frame house, 
thirty-five by forty-five feet, of very modest appear- 
ance. The membership of the church is small, 
numbering but forty in 1886. The church has no 
regular pastor, but was last connected with Glen- 
dale to form a circuit. A tlourishing Sunday-school 
has John Harley as its superintendent. 

In the fall of 1885 a Ladies' Aid Society of the 
neighborhood built a hall near the church, in 
which social gatherings may be held for the pur- 
pose of securing funds to encourage church work. 
The efforts of the ladies in this direction have 
already been attended wiih gratifying success. 

Guinea Town is another hamlet wholly inhab- 
ited by colored people. It is located on the Black- 
wood turnpike, on the sand-hills near Beaver 
Branch, and was formerly more populous than at 
present. The village site was a part of the Hugg 
estate, and the first houses built belonged to the 
former slaves of that family, who were settlers here 
under tlie provisions of an act, which required 
owners of negroes to provide homes for them and 
to prevent them from becoming a public charge. 
Some of the inhabitants of Guinea Town were 
Cubit Waterford, Archibald Farmer, Daniel Wil- 
liamson, Daniel Stevens, Edward Jackson, Thomas 
Quann and the Still family, who had been slaves 
of persons living near. The last-named claimed 
royal descent, their ancestor being a prince in the 
direct line, when he was captured in Guinea and 
brought to America as a slave. The Stills were 
superior, both in stature and mental endowments, 
and after their removal some of them became 
prominent in the learned professions. 

The soil at Guinea Town being unproductive, 
many of the inhabitants removed, after living 
there a few years, and the hamlet decreased in size 
until but a few houses remained of what was quite 
a large settlement about 1805. 

Incidents of the Revolution.— Along Great 
Timber Creek, landings were established at con- 



venient points, where considerable business was 
transacted before railways afforded more expedi- 
tious transportation. The landing at Clements 
Bridge has a Revolutionary interest attaching to 
it. On the 24th of October, 1777, the Hessian 
troops, twelve hundred strong, crossed here on 
their retreat from the battle-field of Red Bank. 
They had marched through the township, by 
the King's Highway, two days previously, cross- 
ing Little Timber Creek; but the Americans 
destroyed the bridge at that point, which 
prevented them from going back to Haddonfleld 
by that thoroughfare. Worn out and disheart- 
ened, it is said that they threw two brass field- 
pieces into the creek near where now is Clements 
Bridge, where they have since remained. The 
King's Highway had a course to the north, near 
the lower part of the township, crossing Little 
Timber Creek half a mile below its present 
bridge. In that locality was a tavern, called the 
"Two Tuus," which was kept during the Revolu- 
tion by an old lady known as " Aunty High-cap," 
from the head-gear she wore. Here the British 
officers were wont to assemble and regale them- 
selves with the rum the old lady dispensed, having 
little fear of attack or disturbance by the Ameri- 
cans. This over-confidence led to the death of 
one of their number, who was shot by a patriot 
more than a third of a mile from the house, and 
whose presence was never discovered by the Brit- 
ish. 

The tavern was abandoned after the course of 
the road was changed, and the tavern nearer what 
is now Brownings Landing was also discontinued. 
At this landing and at Crispins Landing large 
quantities of moulders' sand were formerly ship- 
ped, and manure and coal received in return. 
Small scows yet occasionally land at these places, 
but they are not important in a business point of 
view. 

Mount Ephraim has a beautiful location, mid- 
way between Gloucester and Haddonfield, five 
miles from Camden, on the Blackwood turnpike. 
It is also the terminus of a branch of the Reading 
Railroad, which was completed to this place as a 
narrow-gauge road June 10, 1876, and changed to 
a standard gauge, in 1885, by the present company. 
Six trains per day afford communication with 
Camden, at Kaighn's Point, five miles distant, 
while half that distance only separates it from 
Gloucester. Its situation and healthful surround- 
ings are favorable to its becoming a thriving subur- 
ban town. 

Though an old business point, its growth has 
been slow and was uneventful until the completion 



THE TOWNSHIP OF CENTRE. 



711 



of the railroad. That year the tirst regular plat 
of lots was made by James Davis, the original 
village not being laid out, except a few lots by 
Hezekiah Shivers, about 1820. In 1876 Joseph 
Warrington also laid out an addition, and Mary 
K. Howell one the following year. John D. Glover 
made an addition in 1886, as also did the Slount 
Ephraim Land and Improvement Company, which 
was incorporated March 8, 1886. These additions 
aggregate more than two thousand lots. In the 
fall of 1876 the Iowa State Exposition Building 
was removed to this place from Philadelphia, and 
was converted into a residence for Joseph H. 
Bower, and since that time a number of fine resi- 
dences have been erected. In June, 1886, the vil- 
lage had a public hall, store, tavern and twenty- 
five dwellings. 

The town hall was built in 1862 for both school 
and public purposes, and is a neat, two story frame 
building. In it the Baptists have maintained a 
Sabbath-school for several years, but in the sum- 
mer of 1886 that denomination built the first house 
of worship in the village. The chapel was erected 
for mission purposes, under the direction of the 
Baptist Church of Haddonfield. 

A public-house has been kept in this locality from 
a period so remote that the memory of the oldest 
citizen does not reach it. The first keeper is not re- 
membered, but it is believed to have been Ephraim 
Albertson, from whom the village obtained its 
name and who owned the land. He was a farmer, 
and it is quite probable that he added to his other 
duties those of a tavern-keeper. William Batt 
was the proprietor of the old hostelry in 1825, and 
James Jennett came after him, achieving con- 
siderable reputation as a landlord and horse-trainer. 
He often had a large number of thoroughbreds 
in his stables, some coming from States as far dis- 
tant as Kentucky. Among other horses he prepared 
for the race-course were those of General Irwin, of 
Pennsylvania, and Dr. McClellan, of Philadel- 
phia, father of the late General McClellan, of New 
Jersey. Jennett had a track near his tavern and 
also used the course near Camden, where famous 
trials of speed took place. The old tavern has 
had many owners, among them being Charles 
Buckingham, who is still the proprietor, though 
not the keeper of the place. 

Opposite the tavern was the first store, a small 
farm building, which was removed in 1877, after 
Charles C. Clark had put up the present stand on 
an adjoining lot. Clark has since been in trade, 
and is also postmaster of the Mt. Ephraim office, 
which is the only one in the township. In the old 
building a number of persons traded, among those 



best remembered being Jonathan Johnson, James 
M. Glover, Joseph Tomlinson, Samuel Eastlack, 
Peleg Brown, William Garrett, John I. Brick and 
Charles Brown. 

On the corner beyond the turnpike Wni. Ilugg 
formerly had an undertaker's shop which was 
ch.anged to a store by Daniel Lamb, where Simon 
W. Mitton and James Cordery afterwards traded. 
William K. Cook was the last there engaged in 
merchandising, and converted it into a residence 
which is now occupied by him. On this corner 
several mechanics' shops are carried on, but the 
proximity of Mt. Ephraim to older and larger 
towns has limited its interests and occupations to 
what has been above noted. 

The Hedden Methodist Episcopal Church. 
— This house of worship is in the old Budd neigh- 
borhood, on the Blackwood turnpike, a little less 
than a mile from Mount Ephraim. It is a large, 
plain frame building, standing on a spacious lot, 
connected with which is a cemetery of about an 
acre of ground. As it now stands it was erected 
in 1868, at a cost of $2500, but prior to that time a 
smaller house, built about 1840, had been occupied. 
The church has been connected with other appoint- 
ments in this and Gloucester County to form a 
circuit, belonging at present to Chews Landing 
Circuit. Its membership in 1886 was sixty, and 
the board of trustees was composed of Hiram J. 
Budd, J. C. Curtis, John Webb, John Williams, 
John Peters and James McManus. A Sunday- 
school of eighty-five members has George W. 
Barnes as its superintendent. 

In the cemetery the following interments have 
been noted, most of these persons named having 
been connected with the church : 

Jehu Biuld, died 1882, aged fifty-two years. 
Jacob Wagner, died 1881, aged eiglity-flve yeara. 
Amy Wagner, died 1850, aged fifty-seven years. 
William W. Webb, died 1879, aged seventy years. 
Elizabetlj Curtis, died 1853, aged sixty-four years. 
Joseph Webb, died 18.i4, aged eighty years. 
Rebecca Webb, died 1S55, aged seventy-one years. 
Hugh H. Garrettson, died 18')3, aged fifty-eight years. 
Elizabeth Johnson, died 18-19, aged sixty-six years. 
Martha Cook, died 1885, aged sixty -seven years. 
Patience Gladden, died 1885, seventy-four years. 
Joseph 1). Fox, died 1870, aged seventy-one years. 
Sarah Curtis, died 1879, aged seventy-seven years. 
Eli Brasington, died 18-13, aged forty-two years. 
John Peters, died 18.02, aged sixty-four years. 
Mary Peters, died 1880, aged seventy-eiglit years. 
Mary Ogg, died ISUO, aged seventy-six years. 
Elizabeth Sayors, died 1809, aged forty five years. 
Elizabeth Budd, died 1879, aged seventy one years. 
Sarah Hendry, died 1842, aged eighty-three yeanl. 
David Galaway, died 184'2, aged thirty-two yeare. 
Philip Peters, died 1851, aged fifty-eight years. 
Mary A. Peters, died 18711, aged eighty-five years. 
Micajah Beakley, died 1875, aged sixty-three years. 



712 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Joseph Budd, died 1662, aged sixty-three years. 
John Stewart, died 1807, aged seventy-eight years. 
Martha Stewart, died 1804, aged seventy-five years. 
Fredericlt Lister, died 1871, aged forty-nine years. 
Jane K. Zane, died 1874, aged sixty-six years. 

BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Joseph M. Haine,s. — The family from which 
Joseph M. Haines is descended came from Eng- 
land shortly after the arrival of the " Commission- 
ers in Burlington, in 1678." They settled in Eves- 
ham township, Burlington County, and among 
the names are William, Thomas, Daniel, Nathan, 
Samuel, Sarah, Deborah and Amos. 

In the reign of one of the English Kings, one of 
their ancestors offered the King a bowl of punch as 
he rode along the highway, and he was knighted 
on the spot for his hospitality. This characteristic 
has been transmitted with their good name to the 
present generation. As early as 1711 Jonathan 
Haines married Mary Matlack. He died in 1729, 
leaving in his will the old homestead farm. In 1738 
Nehemiah and John Hainesconveyed land to John 
Peacock, and the old " Haines Saw-Mills," on Ran- 
cocas Creek, was their property. In the earlier 
periods of our country's history they were stirring 
and energetic men. Jacob Haines was born in 
Burlington County ; he was married twice, and his 
children were as follows : Samuel, Abel (fother of 
Joseph M.), Jacob, Beulah, Stokes and Hannah. 

Abel Haines married Nancy Moore, daughter of 
Joseph and Nancy Moore, whose maiden-name was 
Heulings, by whom he had the following-named 
children : Jacob, Mary Ann, Rachel M., Eliza, 
Samuel, Ann Eliza, Abel and Joseph M. and 
William, all deceased but Samuel and Joseph M. 



Abel, after his marriage, settled upon the farm sit- 
uated on Beaver Branch and now owned by Joseph 
M., and he was considered the " pioneer farmer of 
the neighb rhood." He was the first to bring fertili- 
zers of any kind up Great Timber Creek in vessels, 
and of his skill and knowledge in husbandry 
John Gill used to say, "I borrowed from his 
book." 

Joseph M. Haines has always been a farmer and 
lived on the old homestead until quite recently, 
when he retired to Mount Ephraim, near which 
place he was born on August 15, 1826. 

On the 22d day of April, 1869, he was married to 
Martha D. Calm, daughter of Davis W. and Han- 
nah (Lacy) Calm, daughter of Thomas and Phoebe 
Lacy. Their childran are Joseph E , Ann Eliza, 
Emily M., Abel, Martha R. and Henry C. Ann 
Eliza is deceased. 

Joseph M. Haines is a Friend, as were his 
ancestors. In politics, a Republican. He has been 
township collector, member of township com- 
mittees, commissioner of appeal, member of Board 
of Chosen Freeholders, and for eight years on 
the standing committees continuously. While 
freeholder he has always been noted for strict justice 
and integrity, and at the age of sixty enjoys good 
health. The Haineses are well-known in Burlington 
and Camden Counties, and are connected by mar- 
riage with the oldest families. 

Joseph M. holds the deed given in 1689 by 
John Hugg to his son John, the Huggs at that 
time owning vast properties, while now none is 
held in their name, while in the name of Haines 
it descends from father to son through the different 
generations. 





/t^^iii^^/C ^/(^.(yC^OA^i^ 



THE TOWNSHIP OF DELAWARE.' 



CHAPTER XVII. 

Civil History— Affaire of the Township dming the Civil War— List 
of Officials— Mills— Early Settlei-*— The Howells, Coopers, Chaml 
pions, Collins. Burroughs, Ellis, Heritages, Kays, JIatlacks, 
Shivers, Stokeses, Bavises, Frenches and others- Old Houses- 
Ellishurg— Batesville. 

Civil History.— The township of Delaware 
was originally a part of Waterford township. An 
etTort was made in 1838 to erect a township from 
the west end of that township. At a meeting 
of citizens December 12th in that year notice was 
given that application would be made to the Leg- 
islature at the then present session for a township 
to be made from the territory so described. It 
does not appear that the application was made 
until five years later, when, on the 28th of Febru- 
ary, 1844, an act was passed by the Legislature, 
and was approved, by which all that portion of 
Waterford township lying north of the road run- 
ning from Cleraenton to the Burlington County 
line, near the grist-mill known as Hopkins' mill 
(now owned by Charles E. Matlack), and extend- 
ing to the Delaware River, embracing all the ter- 
ritory between Coopers Creek and the Pensaukin 
(which constitutes the dividing line between the 
counties of Burlington and Camden, then Glouces- 
ter), was set off and designated as the township 
of Delaware. The first town-meeting of the in- 
habitants of the township of Delaware was held 
in the town-house, at Ellisburg, on the 13th day 
of March, 1844. John Coles was elected moderator 
and Mahlon M. Coles (his son) clerk. The report 
of the committee of the township of Waterford 
was read and approved, after which a series of 
resolutions were passed, embracing the following 
points of business : 

" Resolved, That the sum of seven liumhed dollars be raised for 
township purposes. That the fees of the township comujittee be 
1 By Hon. Edward BurrouKli 



Beventyfive cents per day. That the overseer of the highways be 
paid two dollars and twenty-five cents for plowing and machinery ; 
one dollar and seventy-five cents per day for two horses, wagon and 
driver ; one dollar and twenty five cents per day for one horse, 
cart and driver ; and laborers seventy-five cents per day; and all 
work on the roads must he done between the first day of April and 
the first day of October. That all moneys derived from surplus 
revenue be appropriated for the purpose of education in the town- 
ship. That all moneys received from dog-tax be appropriated to 
pay for sheep killed by dogs. That the constable be laid twenty-five 
cents for his services and the township physicians ten dollars each. 
That the inhabitants of the township shall vote by ballot, unless 
otherwise ordered by said inhabitants. That the town-meetings be 
held at the town-house in Ellishurg, and the election on the first 
day at the Union School-bouse, and on the second day at the town- 
house." 

The following officers were then duly elected for 
the ensuing year, viz. : 

Judge of Election, Josiah Ellis ; Assessor, Evan C. Smith ; Chosen 
Freeholders, .lacob Troth, Joseph Kay, Jr. ; Surveyorsof Highways, 
Joseph H. Ellis, Aaron Moore ; Township Committee, Joseph K. 
Lippincott, Samuel T. Coles, Joseph A. Burrough, Isaac Adams, 
Alexander Cooper ; Commissioners of Appeals, Joseph H. Coles, 
Charles Beck, Adam B. Evaul ; Overseers of Highways, Job Coles, 
William E. Matlack, Richard Shivers, Joshua Stone, Eeuben 
Roberts ; Constable, John Lawrence ; Overseers of the Poor, George 
Haines, Jacob H. Fowler, Joshua Stone ; School Committee, Benja- 
min W. Cooper, Joseph A. BurrouRh, Joseph 0. Stafford ; Pound- 
Keepers, Joseph Ellis, Jonathan Fettere ; Township Physicians, 
Charles D. Hendry, M.D., Richard M. Cooper, 51. D. 

The practice of holding elections in two places 
and on different days seems to have been aban- 
doned by a resolution passed at the next town- 
meeting, in March, 1845, which has never been re- 
scinded, and which directs that all elections be held 
in the town-house at Ellisburg. It is evident that 
at this meeting the township committee was in- 
structed to meet with the township committee of 
Waterford and effect a division of the debts and 
assets of the townships, as the following Article 
of Agreement between the committees of the town- 
ships of Delaware and Waterford is recorded in the 
records of the township: 

" AGEEEMENT BETWEEN THE COMMITTEES OF THE TOWNSHIPS OF DEL.i- 

W.\RE ANn WATERFORD. 

"In pursuance of an Act of the Legislature, Entitled An Actio 

713 



714 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



establish a New Townsliip, in the County of Gloucester, to be called 
the township of Delaware. We, the undersigned, being the town- 
ship committees of the said townships of Delaware and Waterford, 
having met the eighteenth day of March, 1844, at the house of 
Joseph Elhs, and having proceeded to ascertain the proportion of 
tax assessed in each part of the township of Waterford, that now 
constitutes the townships of Delaware and Waterford do find that 
one-fourth part of the tax, assessed as aforesaid, was assessed in that 
part that now is the township of W^aterford, and three fourths in 
that part that now is the township of Delaware, and we do find and 
ascertain that there is on hand, in cash, the sum of two hundred and 
eighty-six and twenty-eight one-hundredths dollars, and there is a 
pound tjuilt for impounding cattle of the value of twenty dollars, and 
there is two township grave-yards, both in the township of Delaware, 
and with their fences valued at thirty-six dollars, and a plough of 
the value often dollars ; also a Town-House, built by the inhabit- 
ants of EUisburg and vicinity, towards which the township of Water- 
ford contributed two hundred dollars, amounting together to the sum 
of five hundred and fifty-two dollars and twenty-eight cents, three- 
fourths of which, being four hundred and fourteen dollars and thirty 
one cents, belongs to the township of Delaware, and one hundred and 
thirty-eight dollars and seven cents, being one-fourth part, belongs to 
the townshiji of Waterford. And we do find a Bond accompanied by a 
Mortgage against John Rogers for the sum of one hundred and sixty 
dollars, with interest ; there is also unpaid on the Tax warranto of the 
past and preceding years the sum of ten hundred and forty-nine 
dollars and twenty-four cents, which, when collected, or such part"* 
thereof as can be collected, is to be divided as before mentioned, viz. * 
three-fourths to the township of Delaware, and one-fourth to the 
township of Waterford. There are also tax warrants in the hands 
of Caleb Nixon, former Constable, on which a part may probably he 
collected. Such sums as may be collected hereafter to be divided in 
the same proportion as before stated. The cash ou hand was this 
day divided in the above proportions, and the moneys that may be 
hereafter collected are to be divided as above, after the township of 
"Waterford deducts the sum of sixty -six dollars and fifty cents — its 
share of the property — all of which now being in the township of 
Delaware. 

ComviiUee of the towuship of Dela- ComviUtee of the township of 



' Alexander Cooper. 
Joseph A. Burrough. 
Joseph K. Lippincott. 
Samuel T. Coles. 



' March 18, 1844." 



Waterford. 
.Joseph Porter. 
Richard Stafford. 
Job Kirkbride. 
Seth Cain. 
John S. Peacock. 
iiLuN M. Coles, Town Clerk. 



As will be noticed by reference to the settlement 
between this township and the mother township 
of Waterford, mention is made of the township's 
interest in the school-house at EUisburg. Over 
the door of the school-house is a semicircular mar- 
ble slab bearing the inscription: "EUisburg 
School and Waterford Town-House-"' This, it 
seems, the people wished changed so as to bear the 
name of the new towusliip, and at the town-meet- 
ing in 1848, which passed the resolutions relating 
to Petty's Island, the following resolution was 
also adopted : 

" Resolved, That whereas the name of Waterford 
is placed on the marble slab in front of the Town 
House, that the same be erased and Delaware in- 
serted in place thereof, and that a suitable person 
be appointed to employ a marble mason to do the 
same, provided the cost does not exceed the sum 



of fifteen dollars, to be paid out of the funds of the 
township of Delaware." 

Joseph Ellis was appointed to have the work 
done. But whether the sum appropriated was too 
small or whether a suitable man could not be 
found to do the work does not appear, but from 
some cause there was nothing further done in the 
matter, and the same stone, bearing the original 
inscription, is still in its place, and is respected as 
a souvenir of past relations with Waterford town- 
ship. 

Prior to the divi-iion of Delaware township there 
appears to have been a great reluctance on the part 
of the officers elected to accept their offices, as 
special town-meetings were held in ISi?, 1853 and 
1854 to elect officers to fill vacancies occasioned by 
refusals to serve and neglect to qualify. 

Affairs of the War Period. — When the 
War of the Rebellion broke out the people of Del- 
aware township were not slow to respond to their 
country's call, and goodly numbers of her sons vol- 
unteered their services in response to the several 
calls for troops, and it can be said to her credit 
that her quotas were always promptly filled and 
none of her citizens were compelled to enter 
the service as drafted ones, although a number of 
them can show notifications of being drafted. The 
first action taken by the township was at a special 
town-meeting called expressly for that purpose on 
August 27, 18(52, at which Joseph A. Burrough 
was elected chairman and Joseph H. Fowler clerk. 
The following resolutions were adopted: " Where- 
as, The inhabitants of Delaware Township having 
met at a special town-meeting to manifest their 
patriotism to their country and to fecilitate volun- 
teering. Resolved, That the Town Committee of 
Delaware township be and are hereby authorized 
to borrow Three Thousand Dollars to be appropri- 
ated as a Bounty in sums of seventy-five dollars to 
each person that has or may volunteer in the nine 
months' service, and is accredited to Delaware 
township. Resolved, That the township committee 
pay the Bounty as soon as the volunteers are mus- 
tered into the United States Service." 

At the next annual town-meeting an assessment 
of fifteen hundred doUais was ordered to be levied 
towards paying ofi' this debt. 

On the 13th of August, 1863, another special 
town-meeting was held, at which it was " Resolved, 
To raise Twenty-Seven hundred dollars by taxa- 
tion to pay a bounty of One hundred and fifty 
dollars each to eighteen men, who shall be enlisted 
to fill the quota of the township, as soon as they 
are mustered into the United States Service." 

Another special town-meeting was held ou No- 



THE TOWNSHIP OF DELAWARE. 



715 



vember 28, 1863, and the township committee was 
ordered to borrow four thousand dollars and to pay 
volunteers to fill the township quota under the 
present call for troops, and Joseph C. Staftbrd was 
appointed to go to Trenton to secure the necessary 
legislation to make the township raise the money. 

Another special town-meeting was held April 
30, 18fi4. It was " Resolved, That the township 
committee are authorized to borrow such sum or 
sums ot money as shall be necessary to pay the 
Bounty required to fill the quota, said loan or 
sums to be paid when there shall be sufficient 
funds in the Collector's hands to pay the same." 
At the same town-meeting a tax of five dollars per 
head was levied upon every male tax-payer in the 
township. 

On July 13, 18()4, another special town-meeting 
was held, at which it was " Resolved, That the 
township Committee have the Authority to get 
volunteers and to borrow money to pay the 
same." 

Another special town-meeting was held Octol)er 
4, 18()4, at which the action of the meeting in 
July was confirmed, and the sum of ten thou.sand 
dollars was ordered to be raised and a special tax 
of ten dollars per head was levied upon all male 
citizens above the age of twenty years, and that 
the tax be collected within thirty days. 

Another special town-meeting was held January 
2, 18G5, at which Asa R. Lippincott was appointed 
chairman and Elwood H. Fowler secretary, and 
the following preamble and resolutions were 
adopted : " Whereas, The inhabitants of the town- 
ship of Delaware having met in special town- 
meeting, in order to fill the quota of the township 
and relieve the inhabitants from a draft, and the 
quota not having been assigned; Therefore Re- 
solved, That such persons as this meeting shall 
designate are here by authorized to loan such sums 
of money as shall be necessary to pay volunteers 
to fill quota, and that the loans so ordered shall 
not be redeemable until alter the first of Novem- 
ber, 1865, when such loansof money shall be paid; 
that the amount necessary to pay said loans 
be assessed and collected at the same time and in 
the same manner as the county and township taxes 
are raised." 

At the annual town-meeting held March 8,1865, 
the action of the special town-meetings was ap- 
proved, and the sum of twenty-five thousand dol- 
lars was ordered to be raised to aid in paying off 
the debt. In 1866 the sum of twenty thousand 
dollars was appropriated to pay off the debt, and in 
1867 five thousand dollars was ordered to be raised 
for a like purpose, which so reduced the debt that 



only small amounts were raised in addition to the 
usual appropriations. These practically extin- 
guished the entire debt in throe years after the close 
of the war. During this exciting period, and the 
hurry incident to enlisting and paying volunteers, 
the handling of such unusual amounts of money 
and the limited time often experienced in getting 
the money and paying it away, a discrepancy of 
about sixteen hundred dollars was found to exist 
in the accounts, and, after a year spent in trying 
to solve the mystery, the inhabitants, in annual 
town-meeting, resolved to assume the <lebt as it 
was, and exonerated the township committee from 
all blame. Throughout the whole proceedings in- 
cident to aiding the government in subduing the 
Rebellion, the people of this township evinced a 
determined and patriotic zeal to stand by the 
Union ; liberal bounties were always paid volun- 
teers, and money freely voted, and at all times in 
unlimited amounts. Taxes were promptly levied 
and collected, which enabled the township not only 
to fill its quotas of volunteers for every call, and, 
in some instances, in advance of the calls, but also 
to extinguish its war debt within the same decade 
in which it was contracted. Since the extinguish- 
ing of the war debt the affairs of the township 
have been judiciously and economically adminis- 
tered, and no bonded debt contracted until the 
building of a new town-house, in 1885, when the 
sum of two thousand dollars was ordered bor- 
rowed to complete the structure. 

At the forty-second annual town-meeting, held 
March 10, 1885, the following preamble and reso- 
lutions were adopted : 

*' Whertit!', Tlie prwent accomaioiliitionsof the township of Dela- 
ware, now enjoyed in the town aud scUoul-house, greatly interfere 
with tlie public school ; aud Wlmens, The trustees of Ellishnrg 
School District have offered to pay to the township of Delaware a 
sum of money equivalent to the value of the township interest in the 
present building ; and \Vhi;rea8, William Graff, a land-ow-ner, ad- 
joining the school property, has offered to donate a sufticient amount 
of land to build a hall for township purposes; therefore be it Re- 
solved, That the proposition of William Graff (o donate a lot of land 
sufficient to build a town hall, not less than sixty feet in front, aud 
the same depth as the present school-lot, be accepted. 

"Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed, who are hereby 
directed to proceed and secure a good and sufficient title to the land 
thus donated, and that as soon as the same shall be secured and the 
money raised, that they shall proceed to build a hall for the town- 
ship on said lot, in such manner and of such material as in their 
judgment shall be to the best interest of the township, and that the 
sum of one thousand dollars be i-aised especially for that purpose." 

The committee appointed to do the work were 
William Graff", Isaac W. Coles and Edward S_ 
Huston, with Alfred Hillman, Samuel L. Bur- 
rough and John A. Meredith, of the township 
committee, who completed the present building in 
time for the general fall election to be held therein. 



716 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



OFFICERS. 

Judges of Election. 

Josiah Ellis . From 1844 to 1848 

Charles Knight From 1848 to IS.'il 

Evan C. Smith From 18.51 to 1852 

Thomas P. Clement From 18.'j2 to 1863 

Charles Knight From 186.3 to 18.54 

Thomas P. Clements From 1854 to 18.59 

Evan C. Smith From 1859 to 1863 

JohnC. Shreeve From 1863 to 1864 

Benjamin M Champion From 1864 to 1865 

John G. Peak From 1865 to 1866 

David D. Burrough From 1866 10 1868 

Th<miasR. Blackwood From 1868 to 1870 

Isaac W. Coles From 1870 to 1886 

Town Clerics. 

Mahlon M. Coles From 1844 to 1847 

.John Riidderow From 1847 tol849 

Josiah H.Ellis From 1849 to 1853 

Evan C. Smith From 1863 to 1854 

George \V, Armstrong From 18.54 to 18.55 

Asa P. Horner From 18.56 to 1S56 

Elwood H. Fowler From 1856 to 1857 

Samuel B. Githens From 1857 to 1860 

Joseph H. Fowler From 1860 to 1804 

BlanchardB. H. Archer From 1804 to 1865 

William C. Wood From 1865 to 1867 

Edward Burrough From 1867 to 1879 

Enoch C. Roberts From 1879 to 1881 

Joseph K. Hillman From 1881 to 1882 

Clayton Stafford From 1882 to 1886 

Assessors. 

Evan 0. Smith From 1844 to 1849 

John Rudderow From 1849 to ;8.54 

EvanC. Smith From 1854 to 18.55 

Theodore W. Rogers From 1855 to 1860 

Samuel B. Githens From I860 to 1864 

Evan C. Smith From 1864 to 1867 

Isaac P. Lippincott From 1867 to 1868 

Joseph H. Fowler From 1868 to 1878 

"William D. Coles From 1878 to 1836 

Collectors. 

George T. Risdon From 1844 to 1851 

Asa P.Horner From 18.51 to 1855 

Joel Horner From 1855 to 1859 

Elwood U. Fowler From 1859 to 1870 

John T. Coles From 1870 to 1S77 

Edward S. Huston From 1877 to 1886 

Township Committee. 

Alexander Cooper From 1844 to 1849 

Joseph A. Burrough From 1844 to 1845 

Joseph K. Lippincott From 1844 to 1849 

Samuel T. Coles From 1844 to 1849 

Is.^ac Adams From 1844 to 1846 

Charles Knight From 1846 to 1849 

Adam B. Evaul From 1816 to 1849 

John H. Lippincott From 1849 to 1852 

Thomas P. Clement From 1849 to 1854 

William Horner From 1849 to 1850 

William E. Matlack From 1849 to 1854 

Joseph H. Coles From 1849 to 1851 

Joseph A. Burrough From 1850 to 1864 

Isaac M. Kay From 1851 to 1863 

Joseph C. Stafford From 1852 to 1864 

Joseph F. Kay From 18.53 to 1856 

Samuel E. Clement From 1854 to 1855 

William Horner From 1864 to 1865 

Isaac Browning From 1854 to 1858 

John H. Lippincott From 1854 to 1856 

Asa P. Horner From 1865 to 1866 

Asa R. Lippincott From 1855 to 1862 



Thomas Evans, Jr From 1855 to 1858 

Evan C. Smith From 1855 to 1866 

Benjamin Horner From 1866 to 1859 

Joseph C. Stafford From 1856 to 1867 

William Carter From 1858 to 1859 

Job B. Kay From 1858 to 1861 

Joseph A. Burrough From 1869 to 1863 

Isaac W. Nicholson From 1859 to 1869 

Mordecai W. Haines From 1861 to 1862 

Joseph H. Fowler From 1862 to 1864 

Samuel S. Haines From 1862 to 1869 

Enoch Roberts From 1863 to 1867 

William D. Coles From 1864 t^ 1876 

Joseph H. Coles From 1867 to 1869 

Joseph F. Kay From 1867 to'872 

Samuel L. Burrough From 1869 to 1874 

Asa R. Lippincott From 1869 to 1875 

John H.Wilkins Frim 1869 to 1872 

Alfred Hillman From 1872 to 1886 

Leonard Snowden From 1872 to 1874 

Joseph Hinchman, Jr From 1874 to 1879 

Abel Hillman From 1874 to 1877 

Joseph G. Evans From 1875 to 1877 

Samuel L. Burrough From 1876 to 1881 

William D. Cles From 1877 to 1878 

Charles E. Matlack From 1877 to 1879 

John T. Cnles From 1878 to 1879 

Abel Hillman From 1879 to 1882 

William Graff From 1881 to 1883 

John A. Meredith From 1882 to 1886 

Samuel L. Burrough From 1883 to 1886 

General Characteristics. — The irregulari- 
ties of the boundaries of this townsliip bring it 
near the boroughs of Merchantville and Haddon- 
field, in this county, and the villages of Marlton, 
Fellowship and Jloore.stown, in Burlington County. 
While it contains only two small villages and but 
one church — that of St. Mary's, at Colestown, be- 
ing the oldest Episcopal Church in West Jersey — 
and a Baptist Chapel, recently erected in Ellis- 
burg, which constitute the religious institutions of 
the township, and there are but three school build- 
ings in the township ; yet, notwithstanding this 
seeming scarcity of churches and schools, there is 
no community in the county that enjoys better fa- 
cilities in these respects, owing to those in adjoining 
townships and whose school districts and parishes 
embrace large tracts in this township. The gen- 
eral character of the township is that of a prosperous 
agricultural cominunity, composed of an intelli- 
gent, honest, economical and industrious class of 
citizens. The soil is that of a sandy loam, al- 
though nearly every variety of the soils of West 
Jersey are to be found within its limits. To a 
greater or less extent, nearly every branch of ag- 
riculture is pursued ; grain and grass, stock, truck, 
fruit and dairy-farming are largely carried on and 
its products and value of its lands compare favora- 
bly with any in the State, being well watered and 
drained by numerous live streams, tributaries of 
the two creeks forming its boundaries. The in- 
habitants of this township have always regarded 



THE TOWNSHIP OF DELAWARE. 



ri7 



a good system of highways essential to the welfare 
of the people, and since the formation of the 
township, espend annually the greater portion of 
the township taxes upon the highways 

Mills. — The manufactures are chiefly composed 
of grist-mills and carriage-making shops. Of the 
former there are at present three in operation, 
with two or three vacant sites awaiting develop- 
ment. The mill now known as Leconey's Mill 
situated in the northwestern past of the township, 
on the Church road, about half a mile west of 
Colestown Cemetery, was built by Reuben Rob- 
erts in the year 1838, who several years after sold 
it to Richard Leconey, the present prosperous and 
respected owner. It has long been noted for the 
superior quality of the flour manufactured in it. 
Charles Matlack's mill, in the eastern part, was 
formerly known as Hopkins' Mill, and is still in 
good repair and doing considerable business. It 
was built by John Sparks near the close of the 
last century. A few years ago one of the largest 
and best grist-mills, situated in the southern part of 
the township, and known as Peterson's Mill, was 
burned down, and although the foundations of a 
new buihiing have been erected, the site still re- 
mains vacant. Stevenson's Mill, near Ellisburg, 
was at an early day in a flourishing condition, but 
has been abandoned for the past decade and is fast 
going to decay. The most flourishing of all the 
establishments of the kind in the township is the 
mill of J. G. Evans & Co., on Coopers Creek, near 
the borough of Haddonfield, familiarly known as 
Evans' Mill. This mill was erected by Isaac Kay, 
in 1779, who, by will, left it to his son Joseph. It 
later passed to Mathias Kay, and in 1819 the prop- 
erty was purchased by Thomas Evans, by whom 
it was rebuilt and enlarged in 1839, and greatly 
improved by the introduction of modern machin- 
ery. Thomas Eviins dying in 1849, left the mill 
by will to his son, Josiah B. Evans. He, with 
progressive ideas, had it thoroughly altered and 
changed and was assisted by Solomon Matlack, a 
first-class millwright, whom Mr. Evans took in with 
him as one-third partner. 

Josiah Evans died in 1869, leaving the propeity 
to his children, who now own it, and the business 
is carried on by the son, Joseph G. Evans, who is 
ably assisted by Reuben Stiles. In all these years 
the flour was made by the old-fashioned mill- 
stones, but in 1883 it was changed into a roller- 
mill and supplied with the Stevens rolls and many 
other improvements. Recently they added the 
Four-Reel Bolting Chest, manufactured by J. M. 
Latimer & Co. The mill has a capacity of .seventy 
barrels per each twenty-four hours. 



For an account of the Kay Mill prior to 1779, 
see the history of the borough of Haddonfield. 

In 1870 the population of the township was six- 
teen hundred and twenty-five, and in the cen- 
sus of 1880 it is put down at fourteen hundred 
and eighty-one, showing a decrease in ten years 
of one hundred and forty-four. 

Early Settlers. — The country comprising the 
township of Delaware was settled about the latter 
part of the seventeenth century, and many of the 
people who made this their home were followers 
of William Penn, and the Society of Friends 
claimed, perhaps, the greater portion of the in- 
habitants. Among those who appear to have 
made an early settlement, and whose names appear 
on the township records, are the Bateses, Burroughs, 
Coleses,Coopers,Collins, Davises, Ellises, Gills, Her- 
itages, Haineses, Kays, Matlacks, Champions and 
Shivers, and their descendants, still bearing these 
names, are numbered among the present inhab- 
itants. Samuel Coles came from Coles Hill, 
Hertfordshire, England, and located a tract of 
five hundred acres of land on the north side of 
Coopers Creek, fronting on the river. This survey, 
according to " Early Settlers of Newton," bears date 
Third Month 13, 1682. Being a neighbor of William 
Cooper at Coles Hill was, no doubt, the cause of 
his locating near him in America, as William 
Cooper at that time lived on the opposite side of 
the creek, in the midst of an Indian village. 
These Indian neighbors informed Coles that there 
was better land farther back from the river; he 
determined to verify these statements, and find- 
ing them correct, he, in 1685, purchased of Jere- 
miah Richards a tract of over one thousand acres, 
which, although unbroken forest, he called New 
Orchard. This tract is now known as Colestown, 
and embraces many valuable farms, and much of 
the land still remains in the direct and collateral 
branches of the family. Samuel Coles was a 
member of the Legislature in 1683 and 1685, and 
was one of the commissioners appointed to locate 
the boundary line between Burlington and Glou- 
cester Counties. He returned to England a few- 
years later, and died at Barbadoes, on his return 
voyage to America. He had but two children, 
Samuel and Sarah; the former inherited the whole 
of the real estate, and occupied the same until his 
death, in 1728. The old house, built by the first 
Samuel, was standing a few years since; it was 
built of logs, one story high, and had but two 
windows; it has been used for various purposes, 
and is located in the farm-yard of Joseph H. Coles, 
at Colestown, a lineal descendant from the first 
Samuel Coles, and in whom the title of the prop- 



V18 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



erty still remains. The Coles are a numerous 
family, and although many have emigrated, there 
still remains many of the name within the town- 
ship. It is upon a portion of the Coles tract that 
St. Mary's Church, the first Episcopal Church in 
West Jersey, was erected about the year 1703, and 
it still remains in a good state of preservation. 
The history of this ancient edifice is deserving of 
a more extended notice, and will be found in 
another chapter. 

One of the earliest settlers in what is now Dela- 
ware township was Thomas Howell, who, although 
not of the Dublin colony, yet, in 1675, purchased 
part of a share of the jjropriety in West Jersey of 
Benjamin Bartlett, whose wife, Gracia, was a 
daughter of Edward Byllinge. Howell resided in 
Staffordshire, England. He came to this country 
and located a tract of six hundred and fifty acres 
of land, in 1682, on the north side of Coopers 
Creek, in Waterford (now Delaware) township, 
which "included what is generally known as the 
Jacob Troth farm on the east, and extended down 
that stream nearly one mile, and back into the 
woods about the same distance." Upon this tract, 
which he called "Christianity," he built a house, 
in which he lived the short time he was in the 
settlement. The next year, 1683, he, with Samuel 
Coles, represented the territory which a few years 
later became Waterford township, and, with Mark 
Newbie and others from Newton township, repre- 
sented the Third (or Irish) Tenth in the Legisla- 
ture of the State. The house in which he lived is 
supposed to have been near the creek, on the Bar- 
ton farm. He located other lands in Gloucester 
County, which soon after passed to others, as he 
died in 1687. Before his death he conveyed one 
hundred acres of the land on Coopers Creek to 
Richard Wright (whose son John married Eliza- 
beth Champion). He settled upon it and left it to 
his son John, who, in 1691 and 1693, purchased 
other lands of the Howell survey and adjoining 
land, later owned by John Champion, his father- 
in-law. His family consisted of his wife, three 
sons — Samuel, Daniel (married Hannah Lakin, 
in 1686) and Mordecai — and three daughters. — 
Priscilla (married Robert Stiles), Marion (married 
Henry Johnson) and Catharine. His children 
were born in England, and his wife, Catharine, did 
not come to this country during his life-time, but, 
in 1693, was a resident of Philadelphia. Samuel, 
the eldest son, remained in England. Daniel came 
into possession of the honjestead, and in 1687, the 
year of his father's death, he sold to Mordecai 
two hundred and fifty acres of land, with the build- 
ings, on Coopers Creek. In 1688 he conveyed one 



hundred acres of the homestead to Moses Lakin, 
probably a brother of his wife, and, in 1690, sixty 
acres of the same tract to Josiah Appleton . adjoining 
other lands of John and Richard Appleton, at a 
place then called "A ppletown," a little village entire- 
ly lost. In 1691 Daniel moved from Coopers Creek 
to a place near Philadelphia, which he called 
Hartsfield, and after a short residence removed to 
Stacy's Mills, at the falls of the Delaware, around 
which the city of Trenton was afterwards built. 
He became, with Mahlon Stacy, one of the first 
and most active residents of that now thriving 
city. 

Mordecai Howell, son of Thomas, was one of the 
witnesses in the controversy between the Penns 
and Lord Baltimore. He says he came to America 
in 1682, and ascended the Delaware River in com- 
pany with the ship that brought William Penn, in 
November, 1682. After his father's death, in 1687, 
he returned to England and resided there three 
years. The ancestral home at Tamworth, in Staf- 
fordshire, in the division of the estate, was left to 
Daniel, who subsequently passed it to his brother, 
Mordecai, who retained it. He returned to this 
country in 1690, and lived on the homestead prop- 
erty on Coopers Creek. In 1697 he sold it to Henry 
Franklin, a bricklayer, of New York, who did not 
move to the place, but. May 13, 1700, sold it to 
John Champion, of Long Island, who settled upon 
it. The farm contained three hundred and thirty 
acres and was named " Livewell," probably changed 
from "Christianity" by Mordecai Howell, who 
resided there several years. In 1687 Thomas 
Howell, the father, erected a dam on Coopers 
Creek, probably with a view of building a mill. 
He was indicted by the grand jury for obstructing 
the stream, and abandoned the work. His son 
Mordecai, a few years later, built a saw-mill at the 
mouth of a small branch that emptied into Coop- 
ers Creek. This mill in time came to John Cham- 
pion, and was in use many years. He became 
largely interested in real estate in Gloucester Coun- 
ty, and, in 1702, bought of Henry Treadway the 
Lovejoy survey, an account of which will be found 
in the history of Haddonfield borough. Lovejoy 
was a blacksmith, and a tract of land now in Del- 
aware township, on the north side of Coopers Creek, 
where the Salem road crossed that creek, which he 
obtained for his services from the Richard Mathews 
estate, was named by him " Uxbridge," probably 
from a town of that name in Middlesex, England. 
Mordecai Howell located a tract of fifty acres of 
land adjoining and below the present Evans mill. 
It does not appear that he was ever married, and 
that about 1706 he removed to Chester County, Pa. 



THE TOWNSHIP OF DKLAWAllE 



719 



The widow of Thomas Howell, in lO'Jo, thcu a 
resident of Philadelphia, conveyed to Henry 
Johnson (who about that time married her daugh- 
ter Marian) eighty eight acres of land, on which 
he settled, and where for a generation his family 
also resided. 

Gabriel Thomas, writing in 1698, says of llobert 
Stiles, who married Priscilla Howell : " The trade 
of Gloucester County consists chiefly in pitch, tar 
and rosin, the latter of which is made by Robert 
Stiles, an excellent artist in that sort of work, for 
he delivers it as clear as any gum arabick." 

He settled on the north side of the south branch 
of Pensaukin Creek on land now owned by 
Samuel Roberts, where he died in 1728, leaving two 
sons, Robert and Ephraim, from whom the family 
of that name descend. Thomas Howell by will 
bequeathed to Priscilla one hundred acres of the 
homestead property, which herself and husband, 
in 1690, conveyed to Mordecai. 

William Cooper was the first settler of the name 
at Coopers Point (now Camden), of whom a full ac- 
count will be found in the early settlement of that 
city. In the latter part of his life he conveyed all 
his land at Pyne or Coopers Point to his sons and 
retired to a tract of laud containing four hundred 
and twenty-nine acres, which he located in 1685, 
it being in the township of Waterford) now Dela- 
ware), where he built a house and about 1708 moved 
to the place. 

A part of the house is still standing, being a 
portion of the homestead of Benjamin B. Cooper, 
and afterwards the property of Ralph V. M. 
Cooper (deceased). To this house he removed, but 
not long to remain, as he died in 1710. The funeral 
party went on boats down Coopers Creek to the 
river, thence to Newton Creek and up the latter to 
the old grave-yard. William Cooper left a large 
family and his descendants still hold some of the 
original estate in the city of Camden, which has 
followed the blood of the first owners from genera- 
tion to generation for nearly two hundred years. 
Alexander Cooper and his son, Richard M., lineal 
descendants, are the only ones of the name now 
residing in the township, although not upon these 
lands. 

William Cooper, in 1()S7, located five hundred 
and seventy-two acres of land, now in Delaware 
township. This came to his son Joseph and later 
to his grandson Joseph. He had a daughter Mary, 
who married Jacob Howell. She died young, but 
left two daughters, Hannah and Mary ; the former 
married John Wharton, and the latter, in 1762, 
married Benjamin Swett. They lived upon these 
lands, which in old records are designated as the 



Wliarton and Swett tracts. The Wharton farm 
includes the farm now owned by Mrs. Abby C. 
Shinn, widow of Charles H. Shinn. On this farm 
stands an old house, built prior to 1728, at which 
time it was occupied by George Ervin, a tenant of 
Joseph Cooper. 

Other farms on the original survey arc owned 
by Charles H. and Robert T. Hurff, Edward W. 
Coffin, Montgoniery Stafford and others. Benja- 
min Swett, to whose wife part of this survey de- 
scended, built a saw-mill on a stream running 
through it, and his son, Joseph C. Swett, snl)sc- 
quently built a grist-mill on the same site. Tiiis 
was carried away by a freshec, and another erected, 
which was burned a few years since. 

Daniel Cooper, the youngest son of Daniel (the 
son of William), settled on a tract of land, in 1728, 
on the south side of the north bri'nch of Coopers 
Creek. This was a survey of five hundred acres 
made by William Cooper in 1687, and is now di- 
vided into several valuable farms. The dwelling 
of Daniel Cooper was on the plantation formerly 
owned and occupied by William Horten, deceased. 
In the old titles Daniel is called a " drover," 
which calling he perhaps connected with his farm- 
ing operations and derived some profit therefrom. 

In connection with the Cooper family, it might 
not be out of place to call attention to the har- 
mony which seems to have always prevailed be- 
tween the early settlers of Gloucester County and 
their Indian neighbors. There arc no traditionary 
tales of night attacks, wars, massacres and pillage, 
as are found in the histories of almost all the other 
colonies; this is attributable, no doubt, in a great 
measure, to the settlers being largely composed of 
the Society of Friends, whose peaceful propensi- 
ties soon won the confidence of these children of 
the forest, and their treaties, like that of Penn, 
were never broken. It is a singular coincidence 
that, as the Coopers settled among the Indians of 
the county, so the last of the aborigines died upon 
the land of the Coopers, on the farm lately owned 
by Benjamin D. Cooper, in Delaware township. 
This Indian was well-known to many of the i)res- 
ent generation, and was found dead in an old hay 
barrack, one morning in December, where he had 
no doubt sought to spend the night after one of his 
drunken revelries. He was buried in a corner of 
an apple orchard, on the farm which ever after- 
ward and still is known as the Indian Orchard. 
This grave is in a good state of preservation.' It 
is located near a corner to the lands now owned by 

> Tho wriiLT of this nUetcli, in cnmpiiny with a colored hoy by the 
iianiB of .loscph M. Johnson, romouuded tlio grave on Thanksgiving 
llav, 1SS4. 



720 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Samuel CoU's, Geo. W. Moore and the heirs of 
Sarah A. C. Lee (formerly Cooper). 

The family of Chaiupious were at Hempstead, 
L. I., in 1673, where John and Thomas and their 
families resided. On the 13th of May, 1700, 
Henry Franklin conveyed to John Champion, of 
Hempstead, L. I., a tract of three hundred acres 
of land on the north side of Coopers Creek, in 
Waterford township (now Delaware), to which 
place he removed. Part of this estate is what is 
now known as the Barton farm, and upon which 
stood the residence of John Champion ; this was 
near where one of the roads crossed Coopers Creek 
in going from Burlington to Philadelphia. The 
difhculty of getting travelers across the creek led 
to the establishment of a ferry, a license for which 
was granted by the grand jury of Gloucester 
County, and the charges fixed. 

The coming of John Champion to West Jersey 
was, 00 doubt, caused by his daughter Elizabeth 
marrying John Wright, a sou of Richard Wright, 
who had purchased land there of Thomas Howell. 
In 1691 and 1693 the son John increased his 
possessions by purchasing adjoining tracts from 
Thomas Howell's heirs. In 1718 John Champion 
divided his landed estate between his sons Rob- 
ert and Nathaniel, by a line running from the 
creek into the woods, and made each a deed dated 
April 24th. His other children were Thomas and 
Phcebe. He died in 1727. Robert Champion 
had one son, Peter, wh'^, in 1740, married Hannah 
Thackara ; she deceased and he married Ann Ellis, 
a daughter of William, a sou of Simeon Ellis, in 
1746, by whom he had one son, Joseph. Peter 
Champion died in 1748, and his widow, Ann, 
married John Stokes, and after his demise she 
married Samuel Miirrell, 1761. By each marriage 
she had children. Joseph Champion, the issue of 
the second marriage of Peter, married Rachel 
Collins, a daughter of Samuel Collins and Rosanua 
(Stokes), in 1771. By this marriage he had three 
sons — Samuel C, William C. and Joseph — and a 
daughter, Mary. Rachel Champion died January 
7, 1783, when her youngest child, Joseph C, was 
but two weeks old. Joseph married Rachel Brown, 
of Springfield, Burlington County, in the spring 
of 1784. By this marriage he had three sons and 
one daughter. Ann Ellis, the wife of Peter Cham- 
pion, inherited a tract of land on both sides of the 
Moorestown and Haddonfield road, now owned 
by the heirs of William Morris Cooper and 
Samuel M. Heuling.s, a lineal descendant of 
Simeon Ellis, through the Murrellson his mother's 
side. Joseph C. Champion, the son of Joseph 
Champion, married Sarah Burrougli, daughter of 



John Burrongh, in 1809. His children were Ann 
W., who married Joseph Ellis; Chalkley Collins, 
who married Christiana Geading, of Philadelphia, 
and died in 1866 ; William Cooper, married 
Rebecca F., (laughter of Benjamin Howey (he died 
in 1879) ; Elizabeth R., married George G. Hatch 
in 1836 (he died in 1842, leaving her with three 
children ; the oldest one, Charles, was a soldier in 
the Union army during the entire War of the 
Rebellion) ; John B., married Keturah Heulings in 
1850 (he died in 1884, without issue): Mary M., 
married William Yard, of Philadelphia, in 18.52 
(he died in 1862, no issue) ; Benjamin M., married 
Mary Ann, the daughter of General William Irick, 
of Burlington County ; Joseph, died single in 
1829; Emily, died young; Samuel C. Champion, 
a twin brother of Richard B. Champion, never 
married ; Richard B. married Mary G. Kay, in 
1855. He has three children — Marietta K., Sarah 
J. and Isaac K. — who reside in Camden. The 
name is now extinct in the township. Joseph 
C. Champion died January 28, 1847 ; his widow, 
Sarah Champion, died July 12, 1860. Samuel C. 
was a blacksmith, and plied his calling at Coles- 
town, on the property lately the residence of 
George T. Risdon, but now owned by Watson 
Ivins, adjoining the farm of Thomas Roberts- 
Francis Collins, of whom a full account will be 
found in Haddon township, where he resided, soon 
after his settlement, in 1682, located five hundred 
acres of land fronting on the north side of Coopers 
Creek, in what is now Delaware township, a part 
of which he afterwards conveyed to his son 
Francis, who, in 1718, sold it to Jacob Horner. It 
is now the estate of William C. Wood. Francis 
Collins, the father, in 1720, conveyed two hundred 
acres of the tract to Samuel Shivers, a part of 
which is yet in the family name. 

Francis Collins also located land north of 
Coopers Creek, as the first purchase of John Kay 
was land from Francis Collins, which he afterward 
sold to Simeon Ellis, and embraced the farm of 
Samuel C. Cooper, now occupied by Jesse L. 
Anderson, in Delaware township, and in 1689 
Thomas Shackle bought land of Francis Collins a 
little north of Ellisburg, which became the 
property of John Burrough in J735, and is now 
owned by Amos E. Kaighn. In 1691 Simeon Ellis 
purchased two hundred acres of land from Francis 
Collins, which lay upon both sides of the King's 
Highway, and was a part of a tract of eight 
hundred acres conveyed in 1687 to Samuel Jen- 
nings and Robert Dimsdale (the latter his son-in- 
law), as trustees for his daughter Margaret, and a 
part of which became the property of Margaret 



THE TOWNSHIP OP DELAWARE. 



721 



Hugg (a claiighter of FranciaCdlliiis), whosold the 
same to Simeon Ellis in 1(395. It inclucled the town 
of Ellisburg and several surrounding farms. In 1705 
William Matlack purchased two hundred acres of 
land of Francis Collins, in Waterford township, 
near the White Hor.'Se Tavern, lying on both sides 
of the south branch of Coopers Creek. In 1691 
Thomas Atkinson purchased a large tract of land 
of Francis Collins, in Waterford (now Delaware) 
township, on Coopers Creek, of which he sold Ed- 
ward Burrough one hundred and seven acres in 
1693. 

The Burroughs' were ammg the fir-st numbers 
of the Society of Friends, and came from War- 
wickshire, England, where they suffered in com- 
mon with others of their religious belief, prominent 
among whom was Edward Burrough, of Underbar- 
row, the defender and e.tpounder of the doctrines 
of the Society of Friends, and who preached these 
doctrines to the people, he and a companion 
(Francis Howgill) being the first Friends to visit 
London. In 1654 he was mobbed in the city of 
Bristol for preaching to the people, and cast into 
prison in Ireland for a like offence, and finally 
banished from the island. After Charles the Sec- 
ond came to the throne he obtained a personal in- 
terview with the King, and procured an order from 
him to prevent the persecution of Friends in New 
England, which order the Friends in London for- 
warded by a ship that they had chartered siieciaily 
for that purpose at the expense of three hundred 
pounds. Edward Burrough again visited Bristol 
in 1662 and held several meetings there, and when 
bidding adieu to the Friends he said : " I am going 
up to London again to lay down my life fur the 
Gospel, and suffer amongst Friends in that place." 
He accordingly visited London, aud while preach- 
ing to the people at a meeting at the Bull and 
Mouth, he was arrested and cast into Newgate 
Prison, where many Friends were then confined. 
This was about the last of the Third Month ; his 
case was several times before the courts, and he was 
finally fined and ordered to lay in prison until the 
fine was paid. The payment of a fine for such a 
cause being contrary to his religious belief, he 
preferred to suffer, rather than yield his principles. 
The pestilential air of the prison soon preyed 

'The name Burrough, in books on heralilry, is recorded as Burg, 
and De Bourg was the family name of William the Conqueror's father, 
and it is from a brother of William the Conqueror that a branch of 
the family claim direct descent. Whether these claims are strictly true 
will probably never be ascertained, but it is evident that the family 
was a numerous one in England at a very early day. The present 
record of the family extends back to the beginning of the seven- 
teenth century, when they came prominently before the people as 
the followers of George Fox and expounders of the doctrines of the 
Society of Friends. 



Ujion his health, and, allliongh yonng and of robust 
physique, he sickened and died in Newcastle Prison 
Twelfth Month 14, 1662, in the twenty-ninth year 
of his age. There is no record of liis licing mar- 
ried or of his ever coming to America. 

John Burrough was born in the year 1626, and 
was imprisoned in Buckinghamshire in 1660, and 
Joseph Burrough suffered the same injustice in 
Essex during the same year. The son and daugh- 
ter of William Burrough were maltreated in War- 
wickshire while on their way to Banbury Meeting. 
These facts are mentioned to show that the family 
was numerous in England and mostly Friends. 
They soon after came to America and settled on 
Long Isl.md, where John Burrough is first men- 
tioned as being assessed there in September, 1675. 
Between that date and 1689 John, Jeremiah, Jo- 
seph and Edward Burrough were all located on 
Long Island. In 16SS .lohn Burrough came to 
Gloucester County, N. J., and located near Timber 
Creek. In 1693 Edward Burrough located a tract 
in Delaware township (then Waterford) which em- 
braced the farm now owned by Joseph K. Hjllman. 
He remained only a few years, when it is thought 
he removed to Salem. This tract of land was held 
by those of the family name for many years, and 
until Elizabeth Burrough, a daughter of John, 
married Samuel Matlack, whose descendants still 
hold portions of the land. Samuel Burrough, a 
son of John, was born in 1(550, aud was the third 
person of that name that came into Old Glouces- 
ter County. He is first noticed at the little town 
of Pensaukin. On November 16, 169.8, he pur- 
chased three hundred acres of land from Joseph 
Heritage, in Waterford township. He first mar- 
ried Hannah Taylor, a daughter of John Taylor, 
and afterwards married Hannah Roberts, daugh- 
ter of John and Sarah Roberts, on the 27th day of 
the Tenth Month, 1699. They had nine children. 
Samuel, the oldest, was born Ninth Month 28, 1701, 
and in 1723 married Ann Gray, a daughter of Rich- 
ard and Joanna Gray. In 1703 his father pur- 
chased the farm of Richard Bromly, containing two 
hundred acres of land, and it was upon this farm 
and in the dwelling erected by Richard Bromly, 
that Samuel Burrough and Ann Gray removed 
soon after their marriage. This farm is now owned 
by Charles Collins and the house above-mentioned 
was torn down in 1845. Samuel and Ann had 
nine children. Joseph, the fifth child, erected tlie 
house, in 1761, now owned by Edward Burrough, 
on a part of the Richard Bromly tract adjoining 
the homestead. Joseph married, first, Mary Pine; 
second, Kesiah Parr (widow of Samuel Parr) and 
whose maiden-name was Aaronson ; third, Lyilia 



722 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Strech, another widow, whose maiden-name was 
Tomlinson. He had one son, William, by the first 
wife and two sons, Joseph and Reuben, by the 
second wife. Joseph married Martha Davis, a 
daughter of David and Martha Davis, in 1792, 
and succeeded his father in the occupancy of the 
house he built in 17til. They had seven children. 
Joseph Aaronson Burrough, the fourth child, was 
born Ninth Month 9, 1802. In 1824 he married 
Anna Lippincott, daughter of Samuel and Anna 
Lippincott, of Evesham, by whom he had seven 
children. Samuel L. Burrough, being the oldest,' 
still owns, and his only son, Joseph A. Burrough, 
now occupies a portion of the old homestead tract. 
The house in which he dvvells, by a singular coin- 
cidence, was built by his grandfather, after whom 
he was named, in 1861, just one hundred years af- 
ter that built by the first Joseph, from whom it has 
regularly descended. The present dwelling of 
Samuel L. Burrough, erected in 1885, stands on a 
part of the old Spicer tract, acquired from the 
Rudderows by his father. Joseph A. Burrough, 
after the death of his first wife, married Mary H., 
another daughter of Samuel and Anna Lippin- 
cott, being a sister of his first wife, for which of- 
fence they were both disowned from membership 
with the Society of Friends. By this wife were 
born to him six children, only two of whom lived 
to attain their majority, — Edward, who married 
Emily Collins, a lineal descendant of Francis 
Collins, und Mary L., who married Henry Troth, 
neither of whom have any descendants. Edward 
Burrough still owns and occupies the farm and 
dwelling erected by his ancestors in 1761, being 
the fifth generation to whom it has descended. 
This farm was surrounded by heavy timber, with 
the exception of one field, which bordered on the 
King's Highway, leading from Camden to Mount 
Holly, and during the Revolutionary period was 
resorted to by the American army as a pasturage 
for their cattle during the occupancy of Philadel- 
phia by the British. This farm was selected for 
that purpose on account of its being so surrounded 
by timber as to afford a hiding-place from the pa- 
trols that were sent out by Lord Howe to destroy 
the American supplies, and has ever since borne the 
name of Woodland Farm. The British were evi- 
dently informed that cattle were in this vicinity, 
and a detachment was sent (mt to capture them, 
who fortunately took the road to Medford and thus 
missed their prize, for they were immediately 
driven to Cumberland County, and were, no 
doubt, a part of the stores over which the action at 
Greenwich Point was fought. During the period 
of the battle at Red Bank the kitchen of this old 



homestead was made the rendezvous of the Amer- 
ican scouts, and, notwithstanding the religious 
principles of the occupants, these scouts seemed to 
find no fault or objection to the reception that 
always awaited them, and many interesting anec- 
dotes have been handed down to succeeding gen- 
erations. These members of the Burrough family 
and David A. Burrough, another lineal descend- 
ant, being a son of David Davis Burrough, a 
younger brother of Joseph Aaronson Burrough, 
and who resides on the farm acquired by Joseph 
Burrough from his wife, Martha Davis, are all of 
the name now residing in Delaware township. 
The family is by no means extinct, members of it 
being located in nearly every county in West Jer- 
sey, and are found in Pennsylvania, Maryland and 
other States. 

Much of the land owned by the Burroughs in 
Delaware township was covered by dense forests 
of large oak timber and large quantities of ship 
and building lumber were cut and sawed on the es- 
tate at a saw-mill built by Joseph Burrough, on the 
farm now owned by Edward Burrough. The loca- 
tion of this mill was near the Pensaukin Creek, at 
the junction of two small streams that flow through 
the farm, which at that time were a never-failing 
source of power. This mill was burnt down during 
the early part of the present century, and was re- 
built by his son Joseph, who had inherited that 
part of the estate, and cut much fine lumber. In 
1816 a cyclone passed through a portion of his tim- 
ber, on the land now owned by the heirs of Joseph 
C. Stoy (deceased). The track of the cyclone was 
not over one hundred yards in width. The timber 
uprooted by the storm consisted of large'white oaks, 
which were sold to the ship-yards in Philadelphia. 
Among the trees uprooted was a white oak just 
the shape of a ship's keel and seventy-four feet 
long ; it was hewed in the woods and drawn to 
Coopers Creek by seventeen horses, under the 
management of Jacob Troth, where it was floated 
down the creek to Philadelphia and used as the 
keel of the United States sloop-of-war " Seventy- 
Four," from which circumstance the vessel was 
named. The value of the wood and lumber at that 
day was greater than at present, a proof of which 
is evident from the fact that the cord-wood cut 
from the tops of these blown-down white oaks was 
sold at the landing on Coopers Creek for twelve 
hundred dollars. In 18;!6 a severe rain-storm oc- 
curred, which so flooded the streams that nearly 
every mill-dam in the township was destroyed, 
among them the dam of the pond above referred 
to,which has never been rebuilt, although much of 
the dam is still standing, and in a good state of 



THE TOWNSHIP OF DELAWARE. 



723 



preservation. A short time previous to ttic lircak- 
ing of the dam the mill wa.s destroyed by fire. The 
calamities occurriiin; so near together, and the in- 
roads made in these primeval forests, no doubt 
caused the site to be abandoned for mill purposes. 

The Ellises came from Yorkshire, England, in 
1G80 or 1683, and settled in Springfield, in Burling- 
ton County. Simeon Ellis purchased land in 
Waterford township, on the north side of the north 
branch of Coopers Creek, of Francis Collins, in 
1G91, but the place of his nativity is unknown. 
He built his log cabin on a portion near the stream, 
on the farm now owned by Samuel Lippincott, 
and occupied by Samuel H. Griscom, and named 
the place Springwell. In 1(595 Simeon Ellis bought 
four hundred acres' of land of Margaret Hugg, 
adjoining his first purchase. This Margaret was 
a daughter of Francis Collins. These first pur- 
chases of Simeon Ellis included the laud now 
occupied by the village of Ellisburg, in Delaware 
township. He purchased other tracts of land in 
the vicinity, some of which include the farms of 
John Ballenger and others on the south side of 
the stream, and other portions are now owned by 
William Graff, Logan Paul and Joseph K. Lippin- 
cott, Jr. He was a member of the Society of 
Friends, and was one of those who made up the 
assemblages at John Kay's or Thomas Shackle's 
houses. He died in 1715, dividing his property 
among his children, seven in number. Simeon, 
the fourth son, acquired that portion now embrac- 
ing the village of Ellisburg. He died in 1773, 
leaving six children, — Isaac, who married Mary 
Shivers, a daughter of Samuel Shivers ; Benjamin, 
who married Sarah Ba'tes; William, who married 
Amy Matlack ; John, who married Priscilla Peter- 
son (widow); Sarah, who married William Duyre; 
and Simeon, who married a Bates, sister to Benja- 
min's wife. Isaac settled that portion of the home- 
stead including the village of Ellisburg and died 
there, leaving several children, — Isaac, Rebecca 
and Simeon. Isaac married Sarah Hillman in 
1785, and always lived near Ellisburg, on his 
father's homestead. About the year 1795 the Eves- 
ham road, now Marlton turnpike, was laid, cross- 
ing the Haddonfield and Moorestown road nearly 
at right angles, and it was at this crossing that 
Isaac Ellis erected a hotel, a part of which is still 
standing. He had three sous by his first wife, — 
Simeon, Isaac and Josiah, — and also two daughters, 
Martha and Hannah. His second wife was Ann 
Zane, by whom he had one son, Joseph Ellis, the 
present owner of the hotel, and the oldest resident 
in the place, being eighty years of age, to whom 
mo-st of this iiropcrty descended. He died in 1S28. 



Joseph Ellis married Ann W. ('hami)ion, thecldest 
child of Joseph C. Champion, who still remains the 
companion ofhis declining years. Notwithstanding 
his advanced age, he is still active and participates 
in nearly all the public meetitigs held in the town- 
ship, and possesses a mind well-stored with the 
traditions of the neighborhood and his ancestors. 
Joseph and Ann W. Ellis have four daughters 
remaining, out of a family of eight children. — 
Martha Ann, who married James Wills; Sarah, 
who married Samuel M. Hulings; Elizabeth, who 
married George C. Kay ; and Hannah, who re- 
mains single — all of whom reside in the township. 

The pioneers of this family .shared, with their 
neighbors, the privations of the Revolutionary 
period, and many interesting anecdotes are told 
concerning their adventures. At one time the 
Indians encamped at Oxfords Landing, at the 
junction of the north and south branches of Coop- 
ers Creek, came to the house of Isaac Ellis to 
borrow fire; the farmer was engaged threshing 
buckwheat in the barn at the time, and directed 
them to the big fire-place in his kitchen for the 
coals desired ; having secured a large brand, they 
started for home, but evidently desiring to return 
thanks for the favor, proceeded into the barn with 
the lighted torch, where Friend Ellis was thresh- 
ing ; his surprise and anxiety can well be imagined, 
and it took considerable jabbering to convince his 
dusky neighbors of the danger they were subject- 
ing him to; but happily no damage resulted. He 
continued to live on friendly terms with these 
people as long as they remained in the neighbor- 
hood. 

During the movements of the British througli 
New Jersey, about the time of the battle of Red 
Bank, they were informed by a Tory named Wines 
that there was a considerable number of cattle on 
the Ellis and Kay farms, which they were not long 
in securing. They drove them towards Moores- 
town, and when passing the residence now occu- 
pied by David A. Burrough, a weaver who was 
there at the time came out from behind the house 
and shook his frock, which frightened the cattle 
and they stampeded down a lane known as Fore 
Lane and then into the deer-park woods, from 
which the British failed to extricate them, and 
consequently the cattle, in a day or two, returned 
home. At the close of the war the Tory Wines 
fled to Nova Scotia, but returned, after an absence 
of many years, to be indignantly received by all 
who knew him. It is from these families that the 
town of Ellisburg was founded, and the present 
Joseph Ellis is a descendant, and at one time 
owned a large Iract of land in and adjoining the 



724 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSKY. 



town. Mr. Ellis is now one of the oldest and 
most respected of the inhabitants, and will ever 
be remembered with kindness by all who knew him. 

After the death of Peter Champion, Ann Ellis 
(his widow) married John Stokes, by whom she had 
two sons, who settled in Virginia. By Samuel 
Murrell she had two children, — Samuel, who mar- 
ried a Chambers, and had daughters ; Ann E. 
Murrell, who married Batheuel M. Heulings, who 
inherited the farm whereon her son, Samuel M. 
Heulings, now resides, from lier half-brother, being 
a part of the tract Simeon Ellis gave to his son 
William, and has since remained in the blood, 
although passing out of the name. Ann E. Heu- 
lings (late Murrell) was left a widow in 1845, with 
ten children, five of whom at this writing are de- 
ceased. Her two sons, Batheuel and Abram, were 
soldiers during the entire War of the Rebellion. 
They were both in the Union army, and Batheuel 
was severely wounded at the battle of Gettysburg 
by a musket-ball which passed clear through him, 
from the eflects of which he finally died several 
years after the close of the war. 

The Gills were relations of Elizabeth Estaugh, 
and no doubt came to America under her patron- 
age, and at onetime owned and resided on a valu- 
able tract of land in this township (see Haddon- 
field borough). The fir.-t grant of land made by 
John Haddon to John Gill was in 1714, for two 
hundred and sixty acres, situated on both sides of 
the Haddonfield and Berlin road, and near the 
head of the stream known as Swett's Mill stream, 
— the land now owned by Joseph C. Stafford and 
others. At the time of this conveyance John Gill 
resided on this tract. Prior to 1739 this tract came 
into the possession of Bartholomew Horner and 
remained in that name until thecloseof the century, 
but has long since passed entirely out of the name 
and blood. It is from these early owners that 
Horner's Hill School no doubt received its name. 
John Gill afterward resided nearer Haddonfield, 
on the premises now owned by Griffith. On this 
property near the junction of the two branches of 
Coopers Creek, was a landing known as Axfords 
Landing, a place where considerable business was 
transacted, it being the highest landing on the 
stream, but its exact location at this time is un- 
known. John Gill married Mary Heritage in 1718, 
and died in 1749, leaving two children, — John and 
Hannah,— who, after their marriage, resided outside 
the limits of this township, and from whom the 
Gills now residents of Haddon and Centre town- 
ships are lineal descendants. Much of the lands 
formerly owned by the Gills still remain in the 
family name. 



The Haineses settled in the eastern portion of 
the township, contemporary with the families pre- 
viously mentioned, on the farm now owned by Mrs. 
Dr. E. B. Woolston, near Cropwell, and John H. 
Lippincott, both lineal descendants. They soon 
became connected with the Lippincotts, who set- 
tled adjoining plantations in Burlington County, 
and founded the Friends' Meeting-house at Crop- 
well, of which religious society both families were 
members. The Haineses soon began to migrate 
and seek other employment, and at present the 
name is almost extinct in the township, although 
many of the females married and settled in the ad- 
joining counties, and to whose descendants the 
properties above mentioned have descended. 

Richard Heritage was one of the propri- 
etors of the town of Gloucester when it was 
laid out, in 1686. He owned lots in the original 
town, and was one of the signers of the memoran- 
dum made by the proprietors as to the division of 
lots. He was the first who bore the name in West 
Jersey, and came from Warwickshire, England. 
He purchased rights of Edward Byllinge and his 
trustees in 1684, and made a location of land on 
the north side of Pensaukin Creek, in Burlington 
County, and called the place " Hatten New 
Garden." He purchased other rights and 
located other lands in this township. He died 
in 1702, without a will, and most of his land 
passed to his heir-at-law, his eldest son, John. 
In 1705 he sold to William Matlack one thousand 
acres of land in Waterford township. John mar- 
ried Sarah Slocum in 1706. To his son Joseph he 
conveyed considerable land. Much of this land 
he sold. It lay on both sides of the creek and 
now embraces several valuable farms. Samuel 
Burrough purchased a part of this tract in 1698. 
Joseph Heritage died in 1756, leaving six chil- 
dren, — Richard, who married Sarah Whitall and 
Sarah Tindall ; Joseph, who married Ruth Haines ; 
Benjamin, who married Keziah Matlack ; John, 
who married Sarah Hugg ; Mary, who married 
John Gill and John Thome ; and Hannah, who 
married Mr. Rogers. 

It was from Joseph Heritage and his children 
that many of the early settlers purchased land, 
and, although the family appears to have been a 
large one, yet the name is now unknown among 
the residents of the township, although some re- 
main within the present limits of Waterford town- 
ship and still hold a small portion of the land. 

The Kays came from Yorkshire, England, about 
1683. Many of them were Friends, and, conse- 
quently, suffered persecution at the hands of those 
in authority, in the shape of fines and imprison- 



THE TOWNSHIP OF DELAWARE. 



incuts. At tlie Conn of (Jiiartcr Sessions licld at 
Waketieli!, in Yorkshire, in KJfil, John Kay, 
Baronet, n-as the presiding judge, and committed 
sixty l^uakers to prison. Ten years after, John 
Kay was fined for attending Friends' Meeting, at 
York, in the same shire. It is possible that the 
latter was the same person as the former, and that 
while the committing magistrate he became con- 
vinced of the truth of the doctrines jireachcd by 
George Fox, laid aside his title and sutiered with 
the Friends in jierson and estate. Whether this 
was the same John Kay (hat ])ur(hflscd land in 
this neighborhood in 1684 is not definitely known, 
but such is supposed to be the case. This first 
purchase is now a part of the farm of Samuel C. 
Cooper, now occupied by Jesse L. Anderson, about 
a mile east of Ellisburg. The tract embraced the 
farm of Isaac M. Kay, on the opposite side of the 
creek, and which has regularly descended to tlie 
jiresent owner, who is a lineal descendant of John 
Kay.' There is a tradition that John Kay first 
lived in a cave on the hiil-side near the creek, but 
the location of the place is unknown, although the 
story is not improbable. In IRSr) a religious meet- 
ing was established at the house of John Kay, by 
consent of Burlington Friends, in connection with 
one of a similar character held at the house of 
Timothy Hancock, at Pensaukin, on alternate 
First Days. These meetings were continued until 
1707. During this period several marriages took 
place, the last one recorded being that of Benja- 
min Thackara and Mary Cooper, in 1707. These 
meetings were attended by Friends from Evesham 
(Mount Laurel) and Marlton, and serve to show 
how strongly these people were attached to their 
principles, and what difficulties they were willing 
to overcome in order to observe the requirements 
of the society. In this connection it may be proper 
to mention that another meeting was held at the 
house of Thomas Shackle, f^rom 1695 to 1721, 
when John Estaugh gave the ground for a meet- 
ing-house at Haddonfield. The house of Thomas 
Shackle stood upon the farm now owned by Amos 
E. Kaighn, a lineal descendant of John Kaighn, 
vho located near Kaighns Point in 1696. In 1735 
the farm became the property of John Burrough, 
who most probably built the brick part of the 
house, still standing, in the year 1736. John Kay 
located several tracts of land near his first pur- 
chase, fronting generally on the north branch of 
Coopers Creek. In 1710 he purchased the man- 
sion-house and corn-mill, on the north side of 
Coopers Creek, now belonging to the estate of Jo- 
siah I!. Evans (deceased). This corn-mill was 

1 .Si-i- lliid.li.lilk'lil IViioiigli. 



built by Thomas Kindall, in 1697, and stood some 
distance below the dam. The remains of the race 
may yet be seen, but the site of the mill is oblit- 
erated. He died in 1742, a wealthy man, leaving 
a large landed estate, most of which has pa.ssed 
out of the name, until the only jiart of the orig- 
inal tract that has remained continuously in pos- 
session of the family is the farm of Joseph F. 
Kay, which has descended through the blood for 
nearly two hundred years, no deed ever having 
been made for the same. 

The Matlacks came from a small village in Xot- 
tinghamshire, England. William Matlack came 
in the first boat that came up the Delaware, and 
was the first person to put his foot upon the shore 
where Burlington now stands ; this was about the 
year 1677. In 1682 he married Mary Hancock, 
and removed to a tract of land between the north 
and south branches of Pensaukin Creek, in Chester 
township, In 1701 William Matlack purchased of 
Richard Heritage a tract of one thousand acres 
of land, now part in Waterford and part in Dela- 
ware townships, Camden County. In 1705 John 
Matlack purchased two hundred acres of land of 
Francis Collins, in Waterford township, and in 
1708 he married Hannah Horner, and settled upon 
his purchase. A part of this estate is now owned 
"by the heirs of John Wilkins, and the old hou.se 
stood a short distance from the handsome resi- 
dence of the present owners. In 1714 William 
Matlack gave his son George five hundred acres 
of land, a part of that purchased from the Heri- 
tages. In 1717 he purchased two hundred acres 
of land, upon which his son Richard settled in 
1721. This tract lies in Delaware township and 
upon it is located the old Matlack burying-ground. 
Richard died in 1748 and was the second person 
buried there. In 1779 the estate pas-ed out of 
the name to William Todd, and was subsequently 
bought by Richard M. Cooper, father of Alexan- 
der Cooper, the present owner, who, as before 
stated, is a lineal descendant of William Cooper, 
the first settler of Camden. The Matlacks are a 
numerous family and are mostly Friends. Some of 
the name still reside within the township and 
others in Chester township, in Burlington County. 
William Ellis (a son of Simeon) married Amy 
Matlack, one of the descendants in a direct line, 
and who, thereby, became owners of part of the 
estate. Levi (a son of William and Amy) became 
the owner, and his grandson, Charles E. Ellis, 
is the possessor of and resides on the estate. Wil- 
liam and Amy settled on the land, and the liouse 
they occupied is still standing. 

Joliu Shivers appears as the first settler of the 



726 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 



uame in these parts, and purchased a tract of land 
in Delaware township, of Mordecai Howell, iu 
1692, upon which he erected a dwelling. He died 
in 1716, and his widow, Sarah Shivers, was ap- 
pointed administratrix. In 1720 she purchased an 
adjoining tract of laud, which exteuded the estate 
east of the mill-poud. The dwelling on the farm 
now belonging to the estate of Richard Shivers, 
deceased, is thouglit to be the spot where John 
Shivers erected his first house, and doubtless some 
of the material in the present edifice was taken 
from the old. John Shivers dying intestate, there 
is some doubt as to the exact number of his chil- 
dren, although they are supposed to be as follows : 
Samuel, who married Mary Deacon ; John, 
who married Mary Clement; Mary, who married 
Thomas Bates; Hannah, who married John Mat- 
lack ; and Josiah, who married Ann Bates. In 
1720 Samuel purchased two hundred acres of land 
from Francis Collins, and the following year he 
conveyed his interest in his fathers estate to his 
brother John, who remained on the old farm and 
whose descendants still occupy portions of the 
original tract represented in the farms now occu- 
pied by Richard Levis Shivers and William A. 
Shivers, the descendants mentioned. 

At one period the house in which John Shivers, 
the second, lived was kept as an inn, and was no 
doubt a favorite resort. John Shivers acquired 
several other tracts of land in this and the adjoin- 
ing townshii)S. He had three sons, — Isaac, Samuel 
and John. The latter resided in Salem County, 
and Charles P. Shivers, his son, lives at Swedes- 
boro'. Samuel had three sons, — John G. Shivers, 
who resided in Haddonfield, and whose sons, 
Charles Hendry Shivers, an allopathic physician, 
and Samuel Shivers, a bricklayer, still reside in the 
borough; Joseph C. Shivers resided at Marlton, 
Burlington County, and his descendants still reside 
in that vicinity, excepting Bowman H. Shivers, 
who is a homoeopathic physician and resides in 
Haddonfield ; Bowman was the third son. 

Isaac Shivers, the son of John Shivers, the sec- 
ond, was born September 16, 1773, and acquired 
the homestead estate, which, in turn, descended to 
his children and grandchildren, Richard Levis 
Shivers and William A. Shivers, who reside 
thereon. In 1837 Isaac Shivers removed to Had- 
donfield, but returned again to his farm in 1842, 
but in 1847 he again removed to Haddonfield, 
where he died October 19, 1872, having attained 
the advanced age of ninety-nine years and one 
month. He was buried in Colestown Cemetery. 
His children were as follows: Sarah, born May 1, 
1805, and remained single; Joseph Levis, born 



January 7, 1807, married Henrietta Hendry, a 
daughter of Dr. Bowman Hendry, of Haddon- 
field, and had four children, — Bowman H., Isaac, 
Elizabeth and William M. ; Anna, born October 
4, 1808, and remained single; Richard, born No- 
vember 21, 1810, married Mary Troth, a daughter 
of Jacob Troth, and had five children, — Susan, 
Richard L.. Isaac, Anna E. and Sallie N.; Charles, 
born July 7, 1814, married Martha Harker, and 
had three children, — William A., Charles and 
Ella; Jehu, born March 17, 1821, married Mary 
Ann Hilhnan, and had four children, — Alfred 
H., Edward H., Frank W. and Jehu H.; Benja- 
min, born January 27, 1823, married Harriet D. 
Hartley, and had five children, — Mary, Eliza, 
Thomas H., D. Lewis and Maria ; David, born 
August 13, 1826, married Julia Cloud, and had 
six children, — Cora, Nellie, Walter, Larenia C, 
Clifford and Clara. Many of these descendants 
of Isaac Shivers now reside in Camden City and 
others in Virginia. Those remaining in the town- 
ship are Richard Levis Shivers, on the old home- 
stead, and William A. Shivers, on another portion 
of the original tract. 

The Stokeses came from London about the year 
1698 and settled in Burlington County. In 1709 
Thomas Stokes (whose father settled in Burlington 
County) purchased three hundred acres of land of 
John Kay, now in Delaware township, the larger 
part of which tract is now owned by Mark Balliu- 
ger and the heirs of Jacob Anderson, Nathan M. 
Lippincott and Daniel Hillman (decea.sed). This 
land extends on both sides of the north branch of 
Coopers Creek, and is some of the best and most 
productive land in the township. He settled on 
this tract, and his house was located near the 
present residence of Mark Ballinger. In 1696 
Samuel Harrison located about eight hundred 
acres of land on the south side of the north branch 
of Coopers Creek. This consisted of four several 
and adjoining surveys, now included in the farms 
of Eliza A. Hillman, Joseph K. Lippincott, the 
heirs of Jacob Anderson, Aquilla and Alfred 
Hillman (formerly Stokes), John Craig and-others. 
He resided on this tract for several years, but the 
place where his house stood is not known. Samuel 
Harrison was a mariner, a brother of William and 
Sarah Bull, who settled at Gloucester soon after it 
was made a town. This land descended to his son 
William, who sold it in tracts to various persons. 
It was in the midst of an Indian neighborhood, 
which extended from the north branch southerly 
nearly to the south branch. Thomas Sharp, a sur- 
veyor, in 1686, in describing a tract of land, spoke 
of a water-course known as the Peterson's mill- 



THE T0WN8HII' OK DKLAWAKK. 



stream iis"the sameas the Indian King livetli on," 
Judging from the settlements of the first emigrants, 
the residence of the king spoken of is liclieved to 
have been on the I'urm now owned l)y tlie heirs of 
Josepli H. Ellis. 

That this iraet was occupied by a numerous tribe 
of aborigines is beyond a doubt, as their imple- 
ments of stone have been found on nearly all 
these farms. Nathan M. Lipijineott, during his 
life, took a pride in preserving those found upon 
his farm. A large sycamore-tree, standing in his 
door-yard, was adorned with these rude implements 
of the children of the forest, among which could 
be found tomahawks of dilfereut sizes, pestles with 
which they ground their corn, arrow-heads and 
other articles, all fashioned out of stone, of a kind 
which is not found in this section, and corres- 
ponding with similar implements found in other 
sections of West Jersey. There is evidence that 
this Indian settlement was an extensive one. 
Within the memory of some of the present inhabit- 
ants a few of these eked out a miserable exist- 
ence on the part of the land formerly owned by 
Thomas Stokes, near the residence of Aquilla 
Hillman and brother (who are lineal descendants 
of the Stokeses), on the lands of Mrs. Dr. E. B. 
Woolston, in Delaware tow'nship. Near the Crop- 
well Meeting-house there lived, during the first 
quarter of the present century, an Indian woman 
by the name of Nancy, and a man by the name of 
Josh Te Kaylere, orTekaler, who were well known 
throughout the neighborhood. 

Probably the last of thistribe was an Indian liy the 
name of Joel, who followed basket- making, and, al- 
though he preferred to live in his cabin iu the woods, 
dressed and conducted himself in imitation of his 
white neighbors ; yet in many ways he followed 
the customs of his ancestors. This man was well 
known to the present residents of Marlton, Bur- 
lington County, and is distinctly remembered by 
the writer. He died about thirty years ago near 
Taunton. 

Thomas Shroud, in his " History of Fenwick Col- 
ony, Salem County," says "that John Davis emi- 
grated from Wales and settled on Long Island. 
He married Dorothea Hogbin, an English woman 
of large wealth. He belonged to the sect called 
Singing Quakers, worshipped daily on a stump and 
was very pious and consistent. He lived to the 
extreme old age of one hundred years. A number 
of years before his death, about 1705, he moved 
with his family to Pilesgrove, Salem County, N. J., 
near where Woodstown is now located. His eldest 
son, Isaac, came to New Jersey first. John also 
came soon after with his family. The latter and 
88 



all his family subsecpiently became members of 
Friends' Meeting." 

Josejih A. Burrough. in a genealogical record of 
the Burrough family, made in 1850, and who was 
a lineal descendant on his mother's side, says 
the Daviscs came from Montgomeryshire, Eng- 
land, where Richard Davis, a felt-maker, lived, 
who died First Month 22, 170o, aged seventy-three 
years. Tacy Davis, his wife, a native of Welch- 
pool, from London, died Third Month 1 , 1705. They 
were both ministers in the Society of Friends. 
Richard was a recommended minister for forty-five 
years. Their son, John Davis, and his wife, Jo- 
anna, came to America and settled at Woodstown, 
Salem County, N. J. They had a son David, who 
married Dorothea Causins, who was born in Eng- 
land Eleventh Month 19, 1()93, and had two sons, — 
Jacob, who remained at Woodstown, and whose 
descendants are now to be found in that vicinity, 
and David, who married Martha Cole. They had 
seven children, — Mary, Joseph, .laoob, Samuel C, 
David, Martha and Benjamin. Martha married 
Joseph Burrough in 1792; Mary married William 
Rogers ; Joseph married Mary Haines, daughter of 
Nathan Haines ; David married Mary Haines, 
daughter of John Haines; Jacob married Eliza- 
beth Coulson ; Samuel C. ; Benjamin remained 
single. 

Samuel C Davis acquired through his mother 
about eight hundred acres iu the eastern part of the 
townshi]!, which was a part of the original Samuel 
Coles estate, and owned and resided in the house 
now owned by Joseph O. Cuthbert. He seems to 
have maintained a lordly estate, a large part of 
which he inclosed with a high picket fence and 
established a deer-park, which is remembered by 
jiersons now living, and which included most of the 
land now owned by Joseph O. and Allen Cuthbert. 
This park fence was so constructed as to admit the 
deer from the outside, but to prevent their egress, 
and at certain seasons tame does with bells on 
were liberated and sent into the forest, and upon 
their return many a stately buck accompanied 
them within the inclosure only to find himself a 
prisoner. The Davises also acquired other ]n-op- 
erty, as the farm now occupied by David A. Bur- 
rough was acquired by his grandfather, Joseph 
Burrough, as his wife's legacy from her father, and 
it was upon this farm that the last elk in West 
Jersey was slaughtered, the horns of which are 
now in the possession of Edward Burrough, an- 
other of the descendants. The Davises were a 
numerous family, some going into Burlington and 
other counties, until the name is now unrepre- 
sented in the township. 



728 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Charles French, a sou of Charles French, owned 
and occupied a large tract of land in the easterly 
part of this township, whereon stood a grist- 
mill. A large portion of this tract is now occupied 
by Albertson Lippincott, but the mill has been 
taken down. It is bounded by the county line, 
the south branch of Pensaukin Creek, from 
which stream the pond was raised. Charles 
French was a progressive man, and his specialty 
was "straight roads," and he was the terror of all 
the old fogies in this region, who were willing to 
let well enough alone. Many amusing anecdotes 
are told of him in this connection. One of his 
neighbors was so aggrieved by having new roads 
cut through his lands and timber that he sold out 
to get clear, as be said, of " French's straight 
roads." He purchased another tract of land near 
Blackwoodtown, and, as he thought, entirely beyond 
the reach of his old enemy. Things went smoothly 
for several years, but one day the old man found 
Charles French, Anthony Warrick, John Hyder, 
John Clement (as surveyor) and others standing in 
his door-yard prospecting for a line whereon to 
place a straight road going toward Blackwoodtown. 
After some talk he concluded to accept the situa- 
tion, and admitted the impossibility of getting 
away from the progress of things in general and 
Charles French in particular. On another occa- 
sion, when the opponents of a road were hotly 
pressing the advocates, and were likely to defeat 
the improvement, he, to keep with the surveyors, 
left his horse and carriage in the woods. The 
proposed road was several miles long, and in the 
excitement Charles French forgot his horse and 
carriage and rode home with one of his neighbors. 
After supper the woolly head of Bob, his old ser- 
vant, was seen in the door-way. He said, " Boss, 
whar's de hoss and wagon?" After some reflec- 
tion the old gentleman told old Bob where he left 
them hitched in the woods, to which place the 
colored man resorted and found everything safe, 
but the horse restive and cold. He was an exten- 
sive dealer in ship stuff and heavy lumber, sup- 
plying Philadelphia builders with their keels and 
largest pieces. His teams were of the best, and his 
drivers and axemen would relate many incidents 
of his energy and resources when fast in the 
swamps, with wagons broken, horses mired and 
men discouraged. In his later years he removed 
to Moorestown, where he died at a ripe old age, 
respected by all who knew him. 

William Bates, who was one of the colony that 
settled Newton in 1G82, before his death, which 
occurred in 1700, purchased land in Delaware 
township, which was left to his son William, who 



married an Indian girl and settled upon the land 
now owned l)y Joseph C. Browning. His descend- 
ants were numerous, and some of them still reside 
in the township, in the village of Batesville. 

The foregoing sketch of the early settlersof Del- 
aware township may not include all of the original 
families, but enough has been shown to locate the 
first settlers on most of the lands embraced within 
the present limits. 

Old Houses. — The most conclusive evidence of 
the early settlement of the township by well-to-do 
people is the character and the substantiality of 
the early residences, many of which are still in a 
good state of preservation. Among them are those 
of Amos E. Kaighn, built in 1736; Hannah Lip- 
pincott's, 1742, built by Thomas and Letitia Thorn ; 
J.Ogden Cuthbert's, 1742, built by Samuel and Mar- 
tha Coles; Edward Burrough's, 1761, built by Jos. 
Burrough. 

This township being peculiarly an agricultural 
one, many of the farms are known by names which 
in many instances have been handed down I'rom 
generation to generation Among those familiar- 
ly known are the following : 

Broakfield Farm, owned and occupied by Isaac W. Nicholson. 

Cherry Hill Farm, owned and occupied by heirs of Abram 
Browning. 

Cooperfield Farm, owned and occupied by ,\nios E. Kaighn. 

Cedar Grove Farm, owned and occupied by Samuel L. Burrough. 

Murrell Farm, owned and occupied by Samuel M. Heulings. 

Woodland Farm, owned and occupied by Edward Burrough. 

IMe.isant Valley Farm, owned and occupied by Joseph Hinch- 
man. 

Woodbine Farm, owned and occupied by William C. Wood. 

Locust Grove Farm, owned and occupied by Elwood Evana. 

Deer Park Farm, owned and occupied by Joseph 0. Cuthbert. 

Green Lawn Farm, owned and occupied by Elwood Rockhill. 

Tborndale Farm, owned by Hannah D. Lippincott and occupied 
by her son, 'William T. Lippincott. 

New Orchard Farm, owned and occupied by Joseph H. Coles. 

Hickory Hill Farm, owned and occupied by George W. Moore, 
Alexander Cooper and Edward W. CofBn. 

Locust Hill Farm, owned and occupied by Aquilla Hillman and 
brother. 

Ellisburg. — The originators of the hamlet of 
Ellisburg may be traced to the days when a 
mania for straight roads pervaded the land, when 
the old crooked and indirect highways were being 
abandoned and the people were seeking a better 
and quicker means of traveling. The new road 
from Evesham to Camden crossed the land of Isaac 
Ellis, and soon after the road h-om Moorestown to 
Haddonfield was laid and found to intersect the 
before-named highway on the land of the said 
owner. This at once became a public place, and a 
tavern, blacksmith-shop and some dwellings were 
soon erected there and the surrounding property 
advanced in value. It is in the midst of a good 
agricultural neighborhood, and the descendants of 



THE TOWNSHIP OF DilLAWARE. 



729 



many of the old families occupy the ancestral acres 
still. The old Burlington and Salem road passed 
a short distance to the east of the town and crossed 
the north branch of Coopers Creek about half a 
mile above the present bridge. This old bridge 
had its tradition, for Dr. Tommy, the only physi- 
cian of that day in the neighborhood, in returning 
home one night after visiting a patient at the tav- 
ern at Haddonfield, missed his footing as he was 
crossing the bridge, and was drowned. His body 
was found the next morning, but the place was 
" haunted" ever after that time, and Dr. Tommy's 
ghost was often seen by those passing, especially 
if they had indulged in the "hot toddy "as fur- 
nished by the landlord of the hostelry before named. 
Some of the oldest and most influential people of 
the county lived in this neighborhood. Benjamin 
Burrough owned and lived where William Gratf 
now resides; Edward Collins owned the Logan 
Paul plantation and lived there ; Charles Ellis 
owned the land late Job B. Kay's, and lived near 
the creek ; Samuel Ellis and Isaac Ellis occupied 
land near by; and Samuel Kay, Mathias Kay and 
John Kay lived higherupthe creek; andBenjamin 
B. Cooper, always an active and progressive man, 
occupied the old Cooper homestead, west of the 
Ellis land. John Coles, Samuel Coles and others 
had farms father north, but were considered neigh- 
borhood folks, and were always at funerals, har- 
vest and hog-killings. 

The village is located at the intersection of the 
Moorestown and Haddonfield road and the Cam- 
den and Marlton turn))ike, near the centre of the 
township, on a part of the land embraced in the 
first purchase of Simeon Ellis from Margaret Hugg, 
a daughter of Francis Collins. Simeon died in 
1773, and left this tract to his son Isaac, who first 
settled here and built part of the present tavern- 
house. Before the days of railroading this hos- 
telry did a thriving business, being a place of 
resort for drovei's and stock-dealers, which at 
times made it a sort of bazar for the farmers of the 
surrounding country, and thousands of cattle, 
sheep and horses have been sold from the stable 
and yards attached to the hotel. In 1831 the 
township of Waterford and the school district 
united in erecting a building for school purposes, 
in which the town-meetings and elections were 
also held until 1885. In the spring of that year 
AVilliam Graff, a near-by resident farmer, who has 
acquired most of the Ellis farm, which was formerly 
attached to the hotel, donated a lot of land ad- 
joining the school property to the township of 
Delaware, upon which to erect a Town Hall. This 
otier was accepted, and the present building 



erected during the year, and finished in time to 
hold the annual fall election in it. Mr. Graff also 
donated another lot adjoining the Town-House 
lot to the Baptist Sunday-school of Haddonfield, 
provided they established a Sunday-school and 
built a chapel thereon, which olfer wjis also ac- 
cepted, and the [iresent neat edifice erected. The 
old school-house still stands on the land donated 
by the present Joseph Ellis in 1831, and although 
raised to the dignity of a two-story building and a 
graded school, and equipped with modern school 
furniture, the old foundations still remain, and 
the marble slabs over the doorway and in the end 
of the building bear evidence of its former use. 
The hotel building is still kept as an inn and 
tavern, yet much of its former glory has departed. 
The post-office is located in the store of Thomas 
Kexon, which is the only mercantile establishment 
in the phice. The carriage and blacksmith-works of 
William Heaney are new buildings and arc doing 
a thriving trade. Joseph Ellis is the only person 
of the name still residing in the village. He is 
the son of Isaac Ellis, and a great-grandson of 
Simeon, who died in 1773. He is now nearly 
four-score years of age, yet possesses a memory 
still fresh and vigorous and replete with many 
interesting episodes of his early manhood. He kept 
the hotel for a number of years, and afterwards 
directed the operations of his farm. He married 
Nancy, a daughter of Joseph Champion, who is 
still the companion of his advanced years. His 
remaining children are all daughters, — Martha, 
who married James Wills ; Sarah, who married 
Samuel M. Heuliugs ; Elizabeth, who married 
George C. Kay ; and Hannah, who remains sin- 
gle. His son, Joseph C. Ellis, died in 1885, leav- 
ing one child to bear the name. 

A school-house was located upon the farm now- 
owned by Samuel M. Heuling.s, as early as Ai)ril 
18, 1775, known as Murrell's School, but has 
long since been lost sight of by the present in- 
habitants. It was no doubt the forerunner of 
the EUisburg School, which was built by sub- 
scription. The land upon which this building 
stood is not mentioned in the annals, although 
the date of the subscription is Fourth Month IG, 
1806. The following were the subscribers: Samuel 
Ellis, Charles Collins, Isaac Cooper, Elizabeth 
Kay, Samuel Kay, Benjamin Burrough, Malilon 
Matlack, Joseph Griflith, Sanniel C. Davis, Kuben 
Burrough, John Cole, Isaac Luallen, Isaac Ellis, 
Abel Nicholson, Edward Collins, Mathias Kay, 
Samuel Murrell, (Jeorge Marambach, Charles Ellis, 
Joseph Champion, Benjamin Cooper, James Zane 
and Samuel Thene. 



730 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



The post-office was established November 5, 
1852, since which time the succession of postmas- 
ters, with the dates of their appointment, has been 
as follows : 

Elwood H. Fowler, appointed November 5, 1862. 
Simeon B. Ellis, appoiutwl May 4, 1864. 

{Diacontiinied February 25, 1865 ; re-established April 14, 1856.) 
Elwood H. Fowler, appointed April 11, 1856. 
Joseph Ellis, appointed August 19, 1867. 

(Discontinued February 10, 1808 ; re-eslablished August 25, 1871.) 
Joseph C. Ellis, appointed August 26, 18"1. 
William Graff, appointed October 29, 1S72. 

Thomas ilexon, the present incumbent, appointed September 2]t 
1874. 

Batesville. — The village of Batesville, situated 
on the western central border of the township, is 
the natural overflow of the borough of Haddon- 
field and is named after William Bates, who owned 
considerable property in that vicinity, laid out the 
laud in lots and built the house at the junction of 
the Millord and Berlin roads, now kept aa a hotel 
by his grandson, Eobert Bates. The population 
of this village in 1870 numbered eighty-six, and 
since that time no distinct census of ila inhabitants 
has been taken, although there is an evident in- 
crease in its population. Stores, blacksmith and 
wheelwright-shops have all been located in the 
place, but as the abilities of the proprietors in- 
creased they soon removed to Haddonfield or 
other localities. The growth of this place is 
caused by home-seeking citizens who enjoy the 
ownership of a quiet rural home where they can 
rear their families and enjoy the rewards of their 
toil in a peaceful and moral community. 

COLESTOWN.— In the eastern part of the town- 
ship, and about a mile east of St. Mary's Church, is 
Old Golestown proper. But little remains to show 
what constituted the business of the place. The 
location is on the farms of Thomas Roberts, Jo- 
seph C. Haines and the property of Watson Ivins. 
The attraction of the locality was a mineral spring 
with an unfailing supply of water. The owner of 
this stream had the water analyzed and the record 
of the analysis was cut in letters on a marble slab 
and set up beside the spring for all to read. The 
owner is supposed to have been Alleuson Giffins, 
who built a hotel or sanitarium, which was known 
as the Fountain Hotel, and was the resort of num- 
bers of invalids and became quite famous in its 
day. This spring is located on the farm of Joseph 
C. Haines, but has become so filled up as to be 
difficult to find. 

The Fountain Hotel property finally passed in- 
to the possession of Joseph Roberts, and was ac- 
quired by his son Isaac, who u.sed it as a residence 
for several years, and his daughter Susanna, the wife 
of the present William D. Coles, was born in the old 



hotel. About thirty-eight years ago Isaac Roberts 
moved the frame part of the building to the farm 
now owned by Joseph C. Haines, and with the 
brick and stone constructed the front of the pres- 
ent farm-house, while the original frame consti- 
tutes the remainder of this building and is now a 
substantial, modern edifice. 

The marble slab that stood by the spring was 
removed by Joseph C. Haines, the present owner, 
and does service as a door-step at his residence, 
near Lumberton, Burlington County. 

Alleuson Giffins or bis ancestors at one time 
kept a tan-yard near the hotel, but it has long since 
disappeared, although portions of its remains are 
at times discovered by the plowman. In late 
years Joseph Roberts owned a saw-mill near the 
hotel and its location is still discernible. Although 
the former prosperity of the place has long since 
departed, the location is beautiful in its quiet se- 
clusion, and if the mineral spring ever again comes 
into prominence its old-time popularity can easily 
be revived. 

St. Mary's Church.— In the eastern central 
part of the township, on a portion of the Samuel 
Coles estate, near the intersection of the Church 
and Moorestown and Haddonfield public roads, 
stands St. Mary's Protestant Episcopal Church, 
known as the Colestown Church. The history of 
this ancient edifice dates back into the beginning 
of the eighteenth century, and by some writers it 
is claimed that it grew out of the controversy of 
George Keith, which separated many Friends from 
the religious doctrines as laid down by George 
Fox. George Keith, in his journal, says that " on 
September 15, 1703, I preached at the house of 
William Heulings in West Jersey." As this house 
was but a short distance from where the church 
was built, it is accepted as the beginning of St. 
Mary's Church at Colestown. John Rudderow, 
who came from England about 1680, and settled 
in Burlington County, near the Fensaukin Creek, 
died in 1729, and lelt ten pounds by his will 
towards the building of " a church in that place 
(to be convenient hereaway) "in that neighborhood. 

A few years later another incident is related by 
Abigail Rudderow, widow of William Rudderow, 
a grandson of the first John (above mentioned). 
She was the daughter of Thomas and Rebecca 
Spicer, and always resided in the neighborhood. 
She says, " At nine years of age I was baptized at 
the church (which at that time was being built, 
the roof being on and weather-boarding up as high 
as the window-sills), by Dr. Jenny. The ground 
had been previously consecrated by Dr. Jenny, 
from Philadelphia." This lady was of remarkable 



THE TOWNSHIP OF DELAWARE. 



731 



iDtelligence and memory, and was couversaut with 
the doings of that region of country. She was 
born in 1742, lived to be eighty-three years of age 
and left a large number of descendants; her bap- 
tism occurred in 1751, and the circumstances 
attending it fixed themselves so indelibly upon 
her memory that it is safe to assert, upon her 
authority, that the edifice was erected during that 
and the following year. The building erected in 
1751 or 1752 was repaired in 1825, without any 
change as to the interior arrangement, and again 
in 186t) the building was repaired by the liberality 
of a few of the descendants of the original families 
and the residents of the surrounding country, and 
its original features carefully preserved. The 
high pulpit, the small, narrow chancel, the 
galleries, with their high-backed wooden benches, 
and the boxed-in seats of the choir all remain in 
their original simplicity, a monument of the 
economy of past generations. 

The Eev. Robert Jenny, A.M., came to New 
York as chaplain in the royal army stationed in 
that city. In 1722 he was chosen rector of the 
church at Rye, New York, and subsequently came 
to Philadelphia, and was made rector of Christ 
Church, a position he held until he died, in 1762, 
aged seventy-five years. 

There is no continuous record of the ministers 
who, at various times, supplied the church, and 
such as are here mentioned seemed to act in the 
capacity of missionaries, the church standing in a 
thinly-settled neighborhood (at that time) and 
being several miles from any town. William 
Sturgeon, the assistant of Dr. Jenny, visited the 
people once each month while the house was in 
progress of erection. Nathaniel Evans, a young 
man of good education and good talent, had 
charge of St. Mary's and the church at Gloucester. 
He resided with his parents at Haddonfleld, and 
jireached for six years. He died October 29, 1707, 
aged twenty-five years. An interval of five years 
now occurred, when Robert Blackwell was selected, 
November 19, 1772. He also resided in Haddon- 
field, and during the Revolutionary War was 
chaplain in the army, which again left the church 
without regular service. Heniy Miller, of Phila- 
delphia, was his successor ;. be was soon followed 
by Rev. John Wade, who died in 1799. His 
remains were interred in front of the main entrance 
to the church, the stone that marks his grave at 
this day being buried beneath the soil. Samuel 
Sprague, who lived in Mount Holly, occasionally 
preached here. Andrew Fowler next followed. 
After him came Levi Heath, of Burlington, and 
Samuel Pussey, who caused much trouble in the 



church and jiroved to be an impostor; and then in 
succession came Daniel Hogbee, in 1807, and 
Richard Hall, who preached there in 1811. 

The grounds belonging to the church embrace 
about three acres. At the time of the selection of 
the site there w'as no public road from what is 
now Merchantville to Evesham (formerly called 
Green Tree), and when the present road was laid it 
cut off a corner of the church property, from which 
fact the road was ever after called the Church road 
and is so recorded. The church stands on the south 
side of the road and nearly all the lands belonging 
to it have been occupied as a grave-yard since the 
erection of the church. The yard is almost full, 
and but few interments are now made within ils 
limits, which fact, in some degree, led to the or- 
ganization of the Colestown Cemetery, whose 
grounds surround it on three sides and under whose 
management and care the property remains. The 
oldest legible stone now standing in the yard is 
that of Philip Wallace, aged eighty-two, who was 
buried there in 1746. The tomb of his wife, Mary 
Wallace, aged eighty years, is dated the same year. 
This aged couple were among the earliest settlers 
and were Friends until the Keithian con'.roversy. 
In 1760, Humphrey Day and Jane, his wife, were 
buried here, aged respectively seventy-five and 
sixty-five years. Elias Toy was interred here in 
1762, aged forty-seven. 

Many of the rude, rough monuments erected 
here to nuirk the resting place of friends and 
families have yielded to time and exposure, show- 
ing at this date only parts of letters and figures 
from which nothing can be deciphered; although 
those a few generations later are fairly well pre- 
served and include on them some striking epitaphs, 
of which the following are notable specimens. 

■'Jacob BnowNiNt;. 
Died Oct. 22(1, 1794 Aged 41 Years 
Farewell my tlear and loving wife 
My cliildreu and my friends 
Here I take up my new abode 
Wlierelife it hntli no end." 

" Catharine Buownjno 
Widow of fieorge Browning for 17 Years 1 Month and 1 week, wlio 
departed this life, March 2Cth, A.D. 17113, aged 02 Veare 
Stoji dear frieud.n as you pass by 
As you are now so once was I 
As I am now so must you be 
Prepare for death to follow me." 
" Sacred to the Memory of 
GionoF. Beownino who departed tliis life April 11, 18:!5. 
As a husband— affectionate and Kind 
As a father— Indulgent and Careful 
As a ueigllbor— Obliging and Peaceable 
As a Cilizeu— Useful, honest and upright." 
" Hannah, wife of Benjamin Van Leer Died June 13, 1706. 
Transitory world farewell 
Josus Calls with him to dwell." 



732 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Other ancient graves are numerous, among them 
Samuel Browning, died November 25, 1806; Sarah 
Ogden Browning (his daughter), died 1794 ; John, 
son of Isaac Jones, died November 13, 1774, aged 
eighteen years ; J. Githeus, 1772 ; Robert Fr. Price, 
died September 18, 1776; .Mary Fr. Price, died 
July 14, 1787 ; George Hannold, died January 25, 
1782 ; another rude stone near these two last bears 
the simple inscription, cut in an unskilled hand, 
" W. B.— 1777 D. B.— 1776." 

On the opposite side of the road, and on the 
small portion of the church property cut off when 
the Church road was laid out, stands an aged white 
oak, the only monumental witness of the transac- 
tions of the past ages, and under whose shade the 
worshippers in this edifice have lingered to exchange 
a kindly greeting ere they separated to their dis- 
tant homes. Along the King's Highway the con- 
tending forces in the Revolutionary struggle passed 
to and fro, and many stirring incidents took 
place in its vicinity, and in this ancient edifice the 
British officers under the standard of St. George 
listened to their chaplains, while resting on their 
march to meet their foe. And, in turn, also did the 
American commanders receive the benediction of 
their chaplains or the minister in charge as they 
paused in their pursuit of the enemy of their lib- 
erties and independence. It is a current tradition 
that the great Washington also attended service in 
this building several times during the war, and 
laying aside his sword, knelt at the little chancel 
and partook of the Holy Communion, after the 
rector had proclaimed " peace on earth and good 
will to men." 

It is not known who constituted the choir dur- 
ing the periods of regular service in the church ; 
the last person remembered to have filled that 
position was John Fairlamb, an old resident of the 
neighborhood. 

The size of this ancient edifice is thirty-four by 
thirty feet. The height to the eves is fourteen 
feet. The roof is of shingles. The main entrance 
is at the side and has double doors. Single doors 
are at each end of the building, and one window 
on first floor, with two in each end on the second 
story or galleries. A narrow window on each side 
of the chancel and two windows front and two 
back furnish abundant light. Probably the most 
noteworthy object of the interior is the stove. It 
was made in England ; the exact date cannot be 
made out, but the figures seventeen and something 
resembling a six is clearly visible ; it is of cast- 
iron, in three cylinders of unequal size set one 
upon another, with a door in the centre one, and 
three short legs under the lower one. To the 



casual observer it appears like a coal-stove, but the 
contrary is the case — it is a wood-stove. The fuel is 
set perpendicularly in it, the draft is perfect and 
its heating powers, notwithstanding its advanced 
age, are sufficient for the building in the coldest 
weather. The features of the interior are in good 
preservation, and in style and durability are 
characteristic of the age when the church was con- 
structed. 

The communion service is now in possession of 
Trinity Church, Moorestown, and consists of two 
pieces, a paten and a chalice, both of solid silver, 
and the paten, or plate, in particular is very 
heavy ; the chalice has engraved on its foot " St. 
Mary's Church, Colestown," and the same inscrip- 
tion is inscribed on the bottom of the paten ; but 
instead of having been engraved it appears to have 
been scratched very carefully by some prudent 
church officer. When Trinity Parish, the child of 
St. Mary's, was established at Moorestown, these 
consecrated vessels came by right of inheritance 
into possession of the new church, and apart from 
their sacred character, they are treasured for their 
associations with the past. The Bible was pre- 
sented to this church by Mrs. Dr. Jenny, the wife 
of its first rector (so far as known), in 1752, and 
was published in London in 1682. The book, 
although somewhat abused of late years, is now in 
the possession of Jacob Stokes Cole, of Haddon 
township, by whom it is carefully preserved and 
cherished for its asssociations. The church ser- 
vice, above alluded to, is reported to have been 
presented by Queen Anne to her loyal subjects at 
Colestown, in America, but the difference between 
the death of the Queen, in 1714, and our earliest 
data concerning the building of the church, in 
1752 — a period of thirty-eight years — renders it im- 
possible to assert this report with any degree ot 
correctness, although it is highly probable that the 
service came from England, and was perhaps the 
gift of some official, either of church or state. 

The residents of this section of West Jersey who 
made up the congregation of St. Mary's Church 
were not free from the personal prejudices and 
preferences that in nearly every denomination have 
cropped out to creats dissensions and divisions. 

Prior to the year 1796 there had been much 
contention among the church members concerning 
the direction and management of the grave-yard, 
and so far did some of the congregation carry their 
views that they refused to allow any of their fam- 
ilies to be interred within the church-yard, and . 
several family grave-yards were located on farms 
in different sections. John Rudderow interred his 
family in a private yard which was located between 



TIIP] TOWNSHIP OF DELAWARE. 



?:« 



the late residence of Benjamin Riulderow and 
Charles H. Dill, near Merchantville, but after his 
death the bodies wei'e removed to Colcstowii. 
Another of these grave-yards was located in Bur- 
lington County, near the north branch of Peusau- 
kin Creek, nearly on aline between the farms now 
owned by Dr. N. Newlin Stokes and Samuel Slim, 
and belonged to another branch of the Rudderow 
family. Joseph Coles became so dissatisfied that 
he interred the dead of his family just over the 
church-yard fence, in his field, nearly in front of 
the church, where they still i-emain and where his 
own remains rest. Before his death he set apart a 
piece of ground especially for his family's use, and 
it is now inclosed by the Colestown Cemetery, and 
designated as the Coles Family Burying-Ground, 
and does not belong to either the church property 
or the cemetery grounds, but, like the church-yard, 
it is now under the care and supervision of the lat- 
ter company. The dissensions which led to the 
establishment of these private grave-yards was, no 
doubt, largely owing to the troubles about their 
pastor, the Rev. Samuel Passey, as the follow- 
ing extracts from the church minutes will enable 
the reader to adduce. One thing, however, is cer- 
tain : if there had been no agitation, the names of 
the congregation which comprise the subscribers 
would never have been retained to inform after 
generations who worshipped here a century ago. 

*'A Regvlation. 

" 31ade and Concluded upon by theWardens and Vestry of St. Mai-y's 

Chnrch, Colestown, in tile Township of Waterford. and County of 

Gloucester, On the first Day of September, 1700, for the Use of the 

Church and Burying-Ground. 

" Whereas, a Regulation in the Grave- Yard is most Ardently to be 
Wished, and has long been Desired, for the Burden has Lain Heavy 
On some this Long time, Who have always been Willing to Cast iu 
their Mite for the Support of The above-said place, to Keep it in 
Order, And Again there are others that will not help to Support S"! 
place, for. Say they, We shall be as Well off as they who Do Support 
it, nor shall we' pay more for a Grave than they Do ; therefore Con- 
cerning So bad a plan, the Wardens and Vestry of said Church have 
taken it into Consideration, and have put Forth tliis plan to their 
fellow Brethren, far and Near : 

" To all Whome it muy Concern, Be it known that any one Mean- 
ing to Hold a Rite to the Church and Grave-Yard, known by the 
name of Colestown Church, in The township of Waterford, and 
County of Gloucester, Shall pay a Certain Sum of Money, Yearly, 
Which Shall be on the First Monday in September in Each year, for 
the Support of S* Church and Yard, and in Case they Do not pay 
the first Nor Second years' Subscriptions to the Wardens or Vestry 
(who shall meet on the aforesaid Day for that purpose), Their names 
shall be Erras* out of the Book, and become \ Non-subscriber, Not- 
withstanding what they Have done, And it is Likewise agree-i on 
By the Wardens and Vestry of S-i Church that all those Who will 
not Become Subscribers, Yearly, for the Support of the Church And 
Burying-Ground (which becomes Every good Christian to Help Sup- 
port a place for the Dead). Be it Known unto them That they Shall 
pay for Breaking the Ground for Every Time they Cause it to bo 
Broke, Which Sum Shall be from One Dollar to four Dollars, Accord- 
ing to their abilities. Which Is to be Judged By Joseph Coles, War- 
den of S^ Church, Or any other that may be appointed for that pur- 



pose Uel'eaftcr Shall think fit, Which Money Shall bo put Into the 
Treasurer's Hands for the Use of Repairs, &c,, being Free from the 
Sexton's fees— The Sextoii'a fees to bo Paid Besides, for his Labor. 
And thirdly, the Wardens and Vestery have a SerioiLS Consideration 
for the poor, Who Can Scarcely Provide for the Cares of thi.s Life, 
&c., thereupon when they Come to lay their Heads in the Lap of 
Earth, Such Shall have Free Liberty to Inter their Dead in the 
.\bove-S'r Church-yard free from all other Expenco hut the Sexton's 
fees ; Therefore, we, who have hereunto Set our names, Do proiiiiso 
To pay, or Cause to be paid, the Sum Assingii-i, Against our names, 
P.y tlie first Monday in September, 1797, And Continue it Yearly, as 
Witness our Ila lids, this fifth Day of September, 17'.IG. 
"Entered According to Order By 

"Emmanokl Beoary. 



Sun 
William Rudderow, Sr 


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William Hunter 






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Emmanuel Beagary 

Abram Harris 


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Johu Osier 

.Samuel Slim 

Joseph Plum ;.. 

Joseph Githons 

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Peter .Slim 

Clement Kimsey 

John Plum, Sr 

Joseph Newtou 

Gideon Bates 


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Francis French 

Bi-azilla Allen 




John Stiles 




Michael Stow 

Joseph Ueppard 

Andrew Maines 


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Deborah Kimsey (Deed.) 
Elizabeth Wilson (Deed.) 


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Thomas Davis 




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Benjamin Fish 




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Mary Whetstone 


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734 



HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Joseph Arnistrung 

Micliael Korn 

John Uudtlerow 

Henry (Jrowel 

William Clemeuts 

. John Pike 

William Le Ceney 

Lissee Thomas 

John Stone, Sr , 

Wm. Holmes, Jr. (Nailer), 

David Clemeuts , 

Abram Stone 

Sarah Starn , 

AbnerStarn , 

Mary Clementa 

Andrew Starn 

Henry Deeta , 

Richard Leceney 

W. Middk'ton (deceaijed)., 

Thomas Stone 

John Stono 

Elizabeth Anders -n 

Humphrey Day 

William Hohnes (poor)... 

Joseph Dawriou 

Jamt^s Vaughan 

Isaac Vnnablti 

William Veuable 

Joseph Pike 

David Gomere 
John Leceney 



h. d. 1 1797 1 1798 1 1799 
lluj^ paidlpaid paid 



Tho 



iKog 



John Williamson , 

Ann Lonten 

Elizabeth Holmes 

Simeon Cliffen 

Samuel Ot>ler, Jr , 

Sarah Osier 

Owen Osier 

Samuel Baxter , 

David Wallace , 

Samuel Osier 

Joshua Odler 

Mary Thorn , 

Samuel Taylor 

Henry Porch 

Abraham Browning 

Patience Morgan (dec.)... 

John Bell 

Jacob Stremback 

James Hunter 

George Miutle 

Joseph Githens 

Charles Daniel 

John Berry 

Rachel Hannold 

.lost'ph Whitelock 

Samuel Hunt 

Nicholas Stiles 

Thomas Peacock 

James Burden 

Jane Bunleu 

EliusFish 

Robert Beck (or Peck).... 

Abraham Johnson 

Joseph Johnson 

John Harden 

Isaac Harden 

Hezekiah Toy 

Philip Terrapin 

Dorcas Haines 

David Claypole 

John Fish 

Ann Budd 

William Heulings 

Jacob Wishenn 

William Peacock 

Thomas Quick 

John Quick 

Jacob Toy 

Lew Stiles 

Anther Quick 

Thomas Hunter 

George Browning! , .. 
James Stiles- ,£l 



5 73^ 


















U()i^ 



3 9 paid 

'^ 9 paidlpaid 



3 y |paid;paid|paid 

lloV^ paid paid] 

nu'.; paitl'pairrdec. 
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no!4 



uo]4 



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paid paid 
paidjpaid 
paid paid 
paid paid 

paidi 

paid paid 

paidi 

paidjiiaid 



It will be observed that no payments were 
made by the subscribers alter the year 1799; the 



1 Absent iii-st two years. 

2 James Stiles paid four doUa 
February 6, 1826. 



■ight to tlie grave-yard 



payments became irregular and partially stopped, 
owing to the ditficulties with their pastor, 
Rev. Samuel Passey, who it is believed was an im- 
poster. These difficulties came well-nigh dividing 
the churcli, and the previous difficulties about 
maintaining the yard caused considerable specula- 
tion and talk in the neighborhood, by referring to 
the minutes in the church-book. The difficulty 
took definite shape in 1803, when Samuel Rud- 
derow and Joseph Coles were elected wardens, and 
Wm. Rudderow, Wm. Chambers, Edward Harris 
(declined), Benj. Hollinshead, Jos. Plum, Isaac 
Fish, Jacob Toy, John Osier, John Clements, 
Clement Kimsey were elected vestrymen ; Joseph 
Coles, treasui-er ; Emmanuel Beagary, clerk. 

The Rev. Samuel Passey, rector, was present at 
this meeting. On tlie 17th of January, 1803, a 
business meeting of the wardens and vestry of the 
church was held and the following members were 
present : Samuel Rudderow, Jos. Coles, wardens ; 
Abraham Harris, Isaac Fish, Wm. Chambers, 
Benjamin Hollinshead, Jacob Toy, John Osier 
and Clement Kimsey. At this meeting a motion 
was made and carried relative to the standing of 
Rev. Samuel Passey as rector ; the motion reads as 
follows : " On motion whether it would not be 
proper to apply to the standing committee for the 
ordination of Mr. Passey, according to the consti- 
tution of our church, which does not allow any 
person to preach in the pulpit without being an 
ordained minister, etc. Resolved, Therefore that a 
letter of recommendation be drawn up, signed by 
the wardens and vestry and sent to the standing 
committee for the above said purpose." This was 
probably the first action taken in reference to 
Passey's rectorship. 

At this meeting another motion was entered rel- 
ative to the placing of a tombstone at the Rev. 
John Wade's grave, in memory of their late pastor. 
But it was thought best to defer it for the present ; 
perhaps the heirs might arrive from England. Jos. 
Coles was directed to set out as many Lombardy 
poplars for shade as, according to his judgment, he 
might think proper. By a vote of five yeas and 
four nays it was ordered that the vestry carry the 
collection box by turns, but this was finally 
abandoned by the vestry promising to raise the 
money necessary by other means. Thi^ was done 
by six of the vestry taking a list of the subscribers 
and making collections, and various sums from 
time to time were raised and paid into the treasury, 
but no list of those making the payments has been 
kept. On the 16th of January, 1804, another 
meeting of the wardens and vestry was held, and 
Abraham Harris and Emmanuel Beagary and John 



THE TOWNSHIP OF DELAWAEE. 



735 



Savage, of Philadelphia, were appoiuted a Cdiii- 
mittee to wait on the coniniittee of ministers for 
the purpose of forwarding the petition for the or- 
dination of Mr. Passey. Emmanuel Beagary \\as 
also instructed to have some benches made with 
backs, for the better accommodation of the people. 
On the 2d of June, 1805, a meeting of the vestry 
was held, and Abraham Harris and Emmanuel 
Beagary, the committee to forward Mr. Passey's 
ordination, reported that they had done so, but 
iailed in the attempt. They then moved for Mr. 
Passey as a lay-reader, which was referred to the 
standing commitlee, who reported as follows: 

" Ucsoked, Tliat wlienever the Vestry of the Said Clmrch riiatl 
produce to the Chairman of the Coniinittee a Certificate of the fit- 
ness and moral character of Mr. Samuel Passey, signed hy the 
Bishop of Pennsylvania, and two of the Clergy of the City of Phila- 
delphia, the Said Chairman shall be authorized to give a Liceiise to 
the said Mr. Passey to oiliciate as a Lay-reader in the Said Church of 
Colestown and shall prescribe the mode of his conduct agreeable to 
the directions of the loth Canon of the General Convention of the 
Church, heldiin the year 1804. On the 15th of June, the Committee 
waited upon the Bishop of Pennsylvania for the purpose of obtain" 
iiig the above mentioned Certificate, who informed them that he 
had no right to recommend any person for the above purpose, but 
would use his endeavors to supply us with a minister as soon as 
opportunity otfered." 

On the 23d of June the committee reported the 
statement of the bishoptothe vestry of the church, 
when Mr. Passey moved for the vestry and congre- 
gation to declare St. Mary's Church an indepen- 
dent church. After deliberating until July 7th, 
of the same year, the vestry passed the following 
resolution : 

"liesohed. That it is the opinion of the vestry that the congrega" 
tion iu general do not possess a thorough knowledge of or understand 
the proper nature of an independent church, and 

*^ Whereas, They taking tip the motion themselves by vote, it is 
unanimously agreed that it should not be an independent church." 

The motion was, therefore, lost. Mr. Passey was 
duly informed of the action of the church, and 
requested permission to stay his year out. There 
being but two turns more, his request was granted, 
and he preached his farewell sermon on the 18th 
of August, 1805. This action of the church pre- 
served its connection with the Church of England, 
and enabled it to become the mother church of 
the Episcopalian Diocese of West Jersey. 

Emmanuel Beagary was church clerk in 1796. 
After him came John Baxter, Thomas P. Clements, 
Richard M. Hugg, George M. Risden. In 1851 
Mahlon M. Coles was elected clerk, and has con- 
tinued to hold the position up to the present time. 
Joseph Cole was sexton prior to 1805, at which 
time John Cole was elected vestryman and sexton ; 
in 1811 John Mitchel was elected sexton ; in 1817 
Aaron King was made sexton, and in 1824 David 
B. Coles; 1881 John Mitchel was again sexton; 
89 



after him came John Coles, Mahlon M. Coles and 
Jiinies Roberts, wlio continued to hold the [wsition 
until the church-yard was given in cliarge of the 
Colestown Cemetery Company, whose grounds sur- 
round it on three sides, and under whose charge 
it still remains. The records have been neatly 
and regularly kept since 1797, and the church or- 
ganization faithfully maintained. On February 
1, 1886, the following officers were elected: J. 
Stokes Coles, Benjamin F. Hollinshead, wardens; 
Joseph C. Hollinshead, Joshua B. Hollinshead, 
Mahlon M. Coles, Charles C. Coles, J. Foster Coles, 
William D. Coles, Istiac W. Coles, Samuel T. Coles, 
delegates to the convention. 

At present the church is under the charge of the 
Rev. Richard G. Moses, rector of Grace Church, 
Merchantville. Mr. Moses was born in England, 
October 21, 1833, and graduated at the University 
of London. He came to America in 1873. He 
was a minister in the Baptist Church from 1858 to 
1881, and held several charges, his first in America 
being the North Baptist Church of Camden. In 
1883 he became rector of Grace Church, at Mer- 
chantville, and soon after St. Mary's Church, at 
Colestown, was placed under his care. Services 
arc held at Colestown on the second Sunday in 
each month. The rectorship of Mr. Moses seems 
to be entirely satisfactory and the attendance at 
service is slowly increasing. 

Colestown Cemetery.— The dilapidated con- 
dition of many of tlie burying-grounds in the vicin- 
ity and the natural desire of those interested in the 
old grave-yard attached to St. Mary's Church, cre- 
ated a feeling in the community to provide a suit- 
able resting-place for their loved ones that would 
be perpetually kept and taken care of for that pur- 
pose, and led to the establishment of the Colestown 
Cemetery. The Cemetery Company was organ- 
ized in 1858 and has located a tract of twelve 
acres of land lying adjacent to and surrounding St. 
Mary's Church, at Colestown, the oldest Episcopal 
Church in West Jersey, now in a good state of 
preservation. The site is high and slightly rolling ; 
the soil being entirely free from stones or rocks, 
and with a sub-soil of a beautiful red gravel, 
makes tlie drainage a perfect one, no water being 
accessible, even in the lowest parts, nearer than 
twenty feet of the surface. The location is such 
thiit it cannot fail to be appreciated, being but six 
miles east of the city limits of Camden, and equi- 
distant from Ihe thriving boroughs of Iltiddonfield 
and Moorestown. Lying at the intersection ot 
the pulilic roads leading from Merchantville to 
Medford and from Moorestown to Haddonfield, it 
is of easy access, which, together with its natural 



736 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



advantages, all tend to make it one of the most 
desirable places of interment in West Jersey. 
This cemetery was created by a special act of the 
Legislature, entitled "An Act to Incorporate the 
Colestown Cemetery Company." Section 1 names 
the following incorporators : Joseph H. Coles, 
Abraham Browning, David B. Coles, Josiah E. 
Coles, Genge Browning, Edward Browning, John 
S. Wilson, Isaac Browning, Benjamin Osier, J. 
Ogden Cuthbert, Isaac Roberts, Joseph E. Roberts, 
Nathan S. Roberts, Lawrence Browning, Joseph 
C. HoUinshead, Joseph Ellis, Richard B. Cham- 
pion, J. Stokes Coles, John Buzby, Samuel Jones, 
Charles Wilson, Franklin Stiles, John T. Coles, 
Charles B. Coles, Joseph C. Haines, Malilon M. 
Coles, Benjamin F. HoUinshead, Isaac B. Law- 
rence, Eli Browning, Charles E. French, Richard 
Fetters, Benjamin H. Browning, Jo.seph A. Bur- 
rough, Hannah H. Browning, Charles W. Starn, 
William H. Browning, Joseph Few Smith and Wil- 
liam Stiles, and provides that " their associates 
shall be and they are hereby created a body politic 
and corporate, by the name of 'The Colestown Cem- 
etery Company,' and by that name shall have per- 
petual succession for the purpose of continuing, 
establishing and improving a cemetery or place for 
the burial of the dead, at or near St. Mary's 
Church, Colestown, in the township of Delaware, 
in the county of Camden, in this State; and for 
that purpose the said company may purchase and 
hold lands not exceeding twenty acres, and en- 
close, survey, lay out, and divide the same into 
lots, roads, paths and avenues, and erect and con- 
struct a chapel, vault, sexton's house, and other 
improvements thereon, and otherwise ornament 
the same, and sell and dispose of lots therein for 
the burial of the dead. . . ." By the same 
act the following-named persons constituted the 
first board of directors : Joseph H. Coles, Abra- 
ham Browning, Joseph Ellis, Josiah E. Coles, 
Samuel Jones, Edward Browning, David B. Coles, 
Charles Wilson, Joseph C. HoUinshead, Isaac 
Roberts, John Buzby and Joseph A. Burrough, 
who were "to serve until the first Monday in May 
next, and until others shall be elected in their 
stead ; and the said Joseph H. Coles shall be the 
president, and the said Joseph Ellis shall be the 
treasurer, and the said Edward Browning shall be 
the secretary of said company, until the said first 
Monday in May next, and until others shall be 
elected or appointed in their stead." 

But four of. the first board of directors are now 
living, most of the others being silent occupants of 
the grounds they selected and dedicated as the last 
resting-place of theirs and succeeding generations. 



Under this act a company was organized, and 
subscription-books opened for subscriptions to the 
capital stock of the company, which was soon 
tajcen and work commenced. The land was pur- 
chased of Joseph H. Coles, who was elected presi- 
dent of the company, which office he held until 
his death. Edward Browning was the secretary 
and Joseph Ellis treasurer. Contracts were 
awarded for building the chapel and sexton's resi- 
dence, and also the receiving-vault. Charles 
Wilson, of Camden, constructed the buildings. 
The chapel and sexton's residence cost $4263.45, 
and the receiving- vault $122.12. The shade 
and ornamental trees were purchased in Pennsyl- 
vania, and were all hauled there at one load, by 
Isaac Roberts and Joseph C. HoUinshead. The lots 
met a ready sale and the income derived there- 
from has been sufficient to pay off the original 
costs and charges and keep the grounds in order ; 
and as no profits can be paid the stockholders 
after repaying the original outlay (which is nearly 
all paid off), the income which must necessarily 
arise from the sale of lots is compelled by law to be 
exclusively to maintain and improve the grounds, 
will be sufiicient to provide for its care and im- 
provement for a long period of years. The follow- 
ing are the names of the original stockholders and 
the amount subscribed and paid in by each : A. 
Browning, $850 ; Jos. H. Coles, $1300 ; Genge 
Browning, $900 ; Edward Browning, $900 ; David 
B. Coles, $800 ; Josiah E. Coles, $150 ; John Wil- 
son, $100; Isaac Browning, $100; Benjamin Os- 
ier, $50 ; J. Ogden Cuthbert, $150 ; Isaac Roberts, 
$100 ; Joseph E. Roberts, $100 ; Nathan S. Rob- 
erts; $100 ; Lawrence Browning, $100 ; Joseph C. 
HoUinshead, $175; Joseph Ellis, $300; Richard 
B. Champion, $70; J. Stokes Coles, $50; John 
Buzby, $100; Samuel Jones, $50 ; Charles Wilson, 
$175 ; John T. Coles, $100 ; Charles B. Coles, $50 ; 
Joseph C. Haines, $150 ; Mahlon M. Coles, $50 ; 
Benjamin F. HoUinshead, $50 ; Charles E. French, 
$100; Benjamin H. Browning, $100; Joseph A. 
Burrough, $2.50; Hannah H. Browning, $100; 
Charles W. Starn, $100 ; William H. Browning, 
$100; Joseph Few Smith, $100,— total, $7870. 

P^oUowing are the officers of the association for 
188G : President, Joseph C. HoUinshead ; Secretary 
and Treasurer, J. Stokes Coles. Directors, — 
Joseph C. HoUinshead, John Buzby, Joseph H. 
Coles, Alfred W. Clement, Edward Burrough, 
Isaac Browning, William D. Coles, John Camp- 
bell, Benjamin F. HoUinshead, Mahlon M. Coles, 
Joseph C. Haines, Isaac W. Coles, Maurice Brown- 
ing, D. Budd Coles, Charles B. Coles, J. Stokes 
Coles. Managers, — Joseph H. Coles, Edward 




(L^'^-^^-^^^*--^--^' — a''<L-' (^^^-'i/'-z^i--T-»-A^ 



THE TOWNSHIP OF DELAWARE. 



737 



Burrough, Charles B. Coles, John Campbell, Al- 
fred W. Clement, Isaac W. Coles, William D. 
Coles. Sexlon, Elihu Shepperd Low. 

niOCKAPHlCAL. 

Ei.Lwoon Evans, the well-known ami prof'-rca- 
sive farmer of this township, is of Welsli descent, 
and of a family first represented in America by 
William and Elizabeth Evans, who arrived this 
side of the Atlantic about 1600, and were the first 
settlers of Burlington County, N. J. The region 
being at that time an unbroken wilderness, inhab- 
ited only by Indians, they were obliged to live for 
a time in a cave, and eventually built for them- 
selves a house near Mount Laurel, in Evesham 
township, where they settled. Elizabeth was a min- 
ister in the Society of Friends. Their children 
were Thomas, John and Jane. Thomas, born De- 
cember 12, 16iW, married Esther Haines on Octo- 
ber 1, 1715, and they bad six children, — William, 
Elizabeth, Isaac, Esther, Jacob and Nathan. 
Nathan, born in February, 1727, married Syl- 
vania Gaskill, and had children, — Isaac, Susanna, 
Joseph, Jacob and Nathan. Jacob married 
Deborah Troth, by whom he had four children, 
of whom one, Esther, grew to maturity. As his 
second wife he married Rachel Borton, by whom 
he had nine children, viz. : Abraham, Amos, 
Sylvania, Uriah, Rachel B., Jacob, Carlton, Joseph 
B. and Susanna. Uriah, born October 10, 1801, 
married, Febmary 17, 1831, Rachel Saundeis, 
daughter of Solomon and Lydia (Burrough) Saund- 
ers, of a very old family of Burlington County, 
and was the father of six children, of whom our 
subject was the youngest. They were Lydia B., 
Joseph B., Deborah S., .Tacob, Elizabeth L., and 
Elhvood Evans, born September 2, 1840. 

Ellwood Evans was educated in the schools of 
the neighborhood and at the Westtown (Chester 
County, Pa.) Academy, which he attended for four 
years. The next four years were spent on the farm ; 
he being very fond of machinery, was about to 
secure a place in Baldwin's Locomotive Works, 
when his only brother dying suddenly and his 
father being in poor health, and unwilling to leave 
his farms, necessitated his remaining at home. He 
was chosen one of the committeemen of his township 
when only about twenty-five years of age. When 
twenty-nine years of age he removed to Marlton, 
where he was soon afterwards elected collector, 
which office he held until his return to Delaware, 
in 1876. About that time, his father and wife's 
fother dying within a period of a few months, 
large responsibilities were thrown upon Mr. Evans 
and he was obliged to decline political and 



ollicial honors, though frequently urjjcd to accept 
oflices of honor and profit. From this time to the 
present his mill, farm and several kindred interests 
have received his entire energies and he has de- 
veloped the fine tract of land on which his home 
is located, near Cropwell — so called because of the 
great productiveness of the region — into one of 
the most valuable farms in this rich region. The 
farm consists of about three hundred acres, of 
which two hundred and fifty are under cultivat'on. 
He has erected all of the buildings upon this 
property except one barn — four houses, three 
barns and a steam saw and feed-mill. One of the 
barns has a storage capacity of three hundred 
tons of hay and grain. In the mill Mr. Evans 
does a large amount of custom work and he also 
carries on a lumber business of considerable pro- 
portions. 

He is a farmer of the advanced and progressive 
type. His purchase of imported Jersey and Guern- 
sey cattle and the introduction of steam as a motor 
for machinery in his farm buildings, was regarded 
by his neighbors as a venture not warranted in his 
calliug, and which would end in loss. This wij.s 
not the case, however, for soon others indulged in 
Jersey and Guernsey herds and also concluded that 
the application of steam saved much labor and 
time about their plantations. What was several 
years since regarded as of doubtful economy in his 
case, may now be found of practical utility among 
agriculturists throughout the county. He is a 
member of the American .Jersey and of the Amer- 
ican Guernsey Cattle Clubs, and of other organiza- 
tions of like aims. 

He was one of the projectors of the Philadelphia, 
Marlton and Medford Railroad, and did much to 
bring about its completion, advancing considerable 
sums of money at a period when few persons had 
faith in the success of the enterprise, and when the 
other directors and the president refused financial 
aid, thus relieving the company from serious em- 
barrassment and insuring the speedy completion 
of the road. This project at first was considered of 
doubtful success, bnt it has opened one of the best 
sections of West Jersey to markets and travel, and 
been of much benefit to the farmers and dairy- 
men. Mr. Evans adheres to the religious belief 
of his ancestors. 

On March 27, 1873, Mr. Evans married Sarah 
L. Evens, only child of Thomas Evens, a descend- 
ant of one of the earliest representatives of the 
Evans family in America, though the name was, 
through some person in the line, changed from the 
commonly accepted spelling. She is a descendant 
(if the eighth generation from William and 



738 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Elizabeth Evans, through the Thomas Evans 
branch. He married Esther Haines. Their son 
William, who married Sarah Roberts, had a son 
Jacob, who married Mary Cherrington. Their 
son Thomas married Mary Eves, and among their 
children was Joseph, who married Rebecca Rob- 
erts. Thomas, their son, married Sarah Lippin- 
cott, and she was their only child. 

Benjamin B. Cooper, in 1803 the first post- 
master at Camden and who later resided near El- 
lisburg, in Delaware township, and died in 1835, 
was an enterprising and representative man. He 
was a son of William and Ann (Folwell) Cooper, 
and was born March 22, 1779. He owned and occu- 
pied the farm first settled by Wm. Cooper, who emi- 
grated from England, from whom he traced his 
lineage in a direct line. As a farmer he was al- 
ways in advance with any improvement that ap- 
peared. He gave much attention to fruit and had 
the largest orchards of choice varieties in the 
county. He was always an authority on cattle 
and horses and dealt largely in both. In the poli- 
tics of the county and State he took much inter- 
est, representing the county several times in the 
Legislature and was a leading man in the Board of 
Freeholders for several years. General Jackson, as 
President of the United States, was the one person 
who met his notions of a statesman. 



He had scarcely attained man's estate before a 
leading characteristic of his life developed itself — 
speculation in land. The first piece of property 
he [jurchased was in 1803, and his dealings were 
continuous until his death, the records of Glou- 
cester County alone showing the entry of one 
hundred and fifty-eight deeds of purchase and one 
hundred and thirty-seven deeds of sale, many of 
which conveyances contained several tracts of land. 
His transactions extended to Cumberland, Salem 
and Cape May Counties, in West Jersey, and Sussex, 
Warren and Monmouth Counties, in East Jersey. 
He was agent for the Holland Land Company, 
whose possessions were in Pennsylvania, and had 
large individual interests in that State, at onetime 
owning nearly the whole of Clearfield County. He 
was also attorney for the Pemberton and Kirk- 
bride possessions in New Jersey. la 1814 he pur- 
chased of Thomas Cadwalader, agent of the West 
New Jersey Society, all the shares of propriety 
owned by that corporation. At the time of his 
death his landed estate was large and valuable. 
. He disposed of it by will. His wife was Sarah 
Van Meter, of Monmouth County, N. J. Three 
children survived him.^Ralph V. M., Sarah Ann 
and W. Morris. His remains and those of his 
wife lie buried in the "Sloan" part of the old 
Newton grave-yard. 



THE TOWNSHIP OF STOCKTON. 



CHATTER XVIII. 

Its Separation from Delaware — Jurisdiction over River Tslaniis — 
Early Settlement— The Coles, Spicers, Wooiia, Willarils, Nichol- 
sons, Morgans, Rudderows, Fishs, Horners, Brownings, Stivrns, 
Osiers and others— Bethel Methodist Episcopal Church— Old Tav- 
erns—Schools— Fisheries— Pavonia—Wrigh tsville — Cramer Hill 
Dudley — MorchantviUe — Stockton— Delair— Manufacturing In- 
terests. 

This township lies on the Delaware and extends 
eastward between Coopers Creek and Pensaukin 
Creek. It was taken from Delaware township 
by act of Legislature approved February 23, 1859 • 
the dividing line was declared as beginning at a 
point in Coopers Creek at a corner to the forms of 
JoshuaBarton & Bro. and Hewlings Haines and fol- 
lowing the line of Barton's farm to a corner in the 
Whiskey road, near the village of Homesteadville; 
thence diverging in a straight line to a corner in 
the Moorestown turnpike in the centre of the 
crossing of the Sorrel Horse and Haddonfield 
roads ; thence along the turnpike to the county 
line. In the spring of 1859 the committees of the 
two townships met at the hotel of Benjamin Mar- 
tin and organized by electing Joseph A. Burroughs 
chairman and Benjamin W. Cooper secretary, and 
agreed upon the following article of settlement : 



** Articles of agreement made and entered into between the town 
committees of the townships of Stockton and Delaware, in pursu- 
ance of an act of the Legislature, entitled an act to establish a 
new township in the county of Camden, to be called the township 
of Stockton. We, the undersigned town committees of the said 
townships of Stockton and Delaware, this fourteenth day of March, 
eighteen hundred and fifty-nine, at the house of Benjamin Martin, 
in the said township of Stockton, having proceeded to ascertain the 
proportions of taxes assessed in each part of the township of Del- 
aware, that now constitutes the townships of Stockton and Dela- 
ware, find that two-fifths of the tiixes assessed as aforesaid was 
assessed in that part which constitutes the township of Stockton 
and that three-fifths were assessed in that part which now c(m- 
stitutes the township of Delaware, and we ftiid and ascvrlaiii lliat 



there is an indebtedness for which the two townships aforc^iid are 
liable amounting to the sum of seven hundred and fifty-nine dol- 
lars and fifty-six cents, of which the township of Stockton shall 
pay the sum of two hundred and ninety-nine dollars and ninety- 
one cents and the township of Delaware the sum of four hundred 
and forty-nine dollars and seventy-three cents; and we find that 
there are two grave-yards, and that the one located in the town- 
ship of .Stockton shall belong to the township of Stockton, and 
the one located in the township of Delaware shall belong to the 
township of Delaware. We also find the following township prop- 
erty to be divided jis the taxes, viz. : The town-house valued at 
S2on.on. The po\md, 810.00. Road-scraperss, $20.00. Dirt machines, 
$11.00. Books, $11.00. Total, $252.00. The two-fifths of the above 
proi)erty belonging to the township of Stockton is $100.80. and the 
three-fifths belonging to the township of Delaware is $151.20. 

•' There are tax warrants in the hands of E. H. Fowler, con- 
stable, on which a part may probably be collected, and such sums 
as may be collected are to be divided in the same proportion as 
the other property. The indebtedness of the township of Stockton 
to the township of Delaware is $209.91. The share of the above 
said township of Stockton in the above-mentioned property, $1{M).80 
being deducted, leaves $199.11, to which is added the value of 
one road-scraper, $5.00, making the balance of the indebtedness 
$201.11. 

" Committee of StoMoii township. Committee of Delumire tuii'iixhi}! . 
" William Folwell. Asa R. Lippincott. 

Benjamin W. Cooper. Joseiih C. Stafford. 

Josiah Staru. Job B. Kay. 

Benjamin Horner. Joseph A. Burrough. 

Thomas P. Clement. Isaac W. Nicholson. 



'A tr 



"I'.V, 



'•SamielB. Githens, Clerk. 

Pettys' Island.'— In 1848 the question of 

1 This island was in the possession of William Penu fur some 
years prior to 1700. On the 25th of October, 1701, he conveyed it 
to Thomas Fairman, of Shackamaxon, reserving the right of way 
for four coach horses. Upon his death it passed to his wife, 
Elizabeth, and later, to a son, Benjamin, who. May 24, 17:12, S(dd 
it to John Pettys, from whom it took its name. On the 11th of 
May, 1745, it was sold to John Dobbins. In 1816 the island was 
owned by Humphrey Day, Charles H. Fish, Beiyamiu Loxley, 
Isaac Iloxey, William Cooper, Jacob Evaul, Joseph Cooper, Abra- 
ham Browning, Jonathan Biles and othere. In 1824 the land of 
Charles H. Fish passed to Isaac Fish, and that of Humphrey Day 
to Jeremiah Fish, and later to Messrs. Sanderson & Sons. 

Between the years 18C0 and 1870 the west shore of the island 
was used as a dock for repairing and for a ship-yard. Doughty 
& Keppela, shipwrights and caulkera, built at the place tug- 
boals and srhouMcrs and had Ihirty-si.'i thousand dollars invested 



740 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



jurisdiction over the islands on the Delaware 
River was agitated, and the following preamble 
and resolutions were adopted at the annual town- 
ship meeting : 

" Wherfias, by an act of Legislature of this State, passed Novem- 
ber '2fi, 1783, entitled on act to annex the several islands situated 
in the river Delaware belonging to this State, to the respective 
counties and townships to which they lie nearest ; it is provided 
said islands shall hereafter be deemed and considered as part and 
parcels of such counties and townships to which islands or insu- 
lated dry lands do or doth lie nearest, except Petty's, which shall 
be annexed to the township of Newton, in the county of Glouces- 
ter ; and whereas, the said township of Newton as at present con- 
stituted, has no part on the river Delaware within two miles of 
Pettys' Island, but said island lies opposite the township of Dela- 
ware. Therefore be it resolved, by the inhabitants of the township 
of Delaware, in the county of Camden, in town-meeting assem- 
bled, that application be made to the next Legislature of this 
State for a law to annex Pettys' Island to this township, where 
it legitimately and of right belongs. 

'^Resolved, That the township conmiittee be and they are hereby 
instructed to lay the foregoine preamble and resolutions before the 
next Legislature and use all honorable means to procure the pas- 
sage of a law such as mentioned above. 

*' Jtesolved, That the foregoing resolution and preamble be signed 
by the moderator and attested by the clerk. 
"Attest, JoHK RunnEROW, Clerk. 

"Charles Knight, Moderaior. 

Nothing further appears to have been done in 
the matter until the next year, when Jo8e])h Kay, 
Benjamin W. Cooper and Charles Knight were 
appointed a committee to go to Trenton and 
secure the necessary legislation ; in this they must 
have been very successful, as the jurisdiction of 
the township was extended over the island, and 
in 1859, when the township of Stockton was 
created, the island was conceded to it and still 
remains a part of that township. 

Early Settlement. — The first settlement by 
the whites within the limits of Stockton township 
was made at the mouth of Pensaukin Creek, where 
Eriwomac, an Indian, was then chief over a small 
body of Indians. Charles I., of England, in 1634, 
granted to Sir Edmund Ployden the territory lying 
between New England and Maryland. A vessel 
commanded by Captain Young, a nephew of Rob- 
ert Evelin (afterwards famous as the author of the 
account of " New Albion," published in 1642 and 
1648), and thirteen traders, about the same time, 
went to Virginia, and in the same year, 1634, came 
up the Delaware and settled at the mouth of Pen- 
saukin Creek and built there a fort, which they 
named Fort Eriwomac, after the Indian Chief. 
They remained at the place four years. In 1G36 
Sir Edmund Ployden sent out to the "Province 

Joseph Rilot, also a shipwright, had here in 1870 a maiine railway. 
Jacob H. Ambruster, about 18fi5, erected a building and manu- 
factured chains. .\t present the island is owned by James Man- 
derson. Dr. Samuel Pancoast and others. The upper part of the 
island is fitted up as a summer resort and is known a.s Wilh.w 
Crove. The island contains over one hunilred acre.<i. 



of New Albion " Beauchamp Plantagenet, who 
sailed up the Delaware River sixty miles and did 
not reach Fort Eriwomac, where Captain Young 
and Robert Evelin had set up a fort and govern- 
ment and were patiently waiting for Sir Edmund 
to come over from England to take formal posses- 
sion of the province. 

In 1637, tired of waiting, Evelin and his men 
abandoned the settlement and went down the river 
and near what is now Salem, they found Plantage- 
net, who had settled there and had sent a glowing 
account of the province to Earl Ployden. The 
Earl came over in 1641, but the settlement of Fort 
Eriwomac was notagain made by the English under 
the Earl. Soon after 1637 Bogot, a pioneer of 
Minuet's colony of Swedes, settled, with a few 
Swedish founders, upon the site of the fort, where 
a few of them remained until the title passed to 
the proprietors, in 1664. Bogot held out induce- 
ments to settlers by insisting ,that a gold minejwas 
in the vicinity, which was laid down in early maps 
as being near Rancocas Creek. This project failed 
and the settlement was again abandoned. 

The first location in the limits of this township 
made under the proprietors was one of five hundred 
acres of land embracing the site of Fort Eriwomac, 
at the mouth of Pensaukin Creek. This was 
granted to Samuel Jennings (afterwards the first 
Governor of New Jersey). Some of the Swedish 
founders living ferther up the stream, in what is 
now Burlington County, remained under the pro- 
prietors, purchased lands and some of their de- 
scendants, in after-years, drifted into what is now 
Stockton township. The Toys, Fishs, Stones, Wal- 
laces and others are descendants of the early Swe- 
dish families. William Cooper, who, in 1682, 
settled at Pyne Point (Coopers), was from Coles 
Hill, England. At the same place lived Samuel 
Coles, a haberdasher and hatter and an old friend 
and neighbor of William Cooper. 

In 1677 he purchased part of a share of propriety 
in West Jersey of the trustees of Edward Byllynge, 
and in March, 1682, with his wife, Elizabeth, and 
two children, he emigrated to America, and doubt- 
less came at once to the home of his old friend 
and neighbor, William Cooper. He located five 
hundred acres of land on the north side of Coop- 
ers Creek, opposite the tract of his friend and 
extending up the Delaware River. The land was 
surveyed to him on the 13th day of the Third 
Month (May), 1682, and in that year he cleared a 
small tract and erected a house, where he settled, 
but lived in it a short time, for in the latter part of 
the same year he sold one hundred acres and the 
house to Henry Wood, who at once came there to 



THE TOWxNSHIP (JF STOCKTON. 



r41 



reside. He probably built upon the remaining 
portion, as he remained there a few years. In KJSo 
he was chosen to represent the Third Tenth in the 
Legislature of New Jersey, and in 1685 was ap- 
pointed one of the commissioners to fix the line 
between Burlington and Gloucester Counties. 

In the year 1087 he conveyed the remainder of 
the tract to Samuel Spicer, and having purchased, 
in 1685, four hundred acres of land of Jeremiah 
Richards, on Pensaukin Creek, ncarthe propertyof 
William Matlack and Timothy Hancock, now in 
Delaware township, which he named "New Or- 
chard" (now Colestown) and to which place he 
moved and purchased other tracts adjoining. A 
few years later business required his attention in 
England and he visited his native country. On his 
return the vessel stoi)ped at the Island of Barbadoes, 
where was a settlement of Friends. At this place 
he was taken sick and died. 

A learned writersays : "The extended distance of 
the voyage and consequent delay therefrom not 
being known to the wife, she made frequent visits 
to Philadelphia to meet her husband and welcome 
him to his family again. Tradition says that she 
would stand for Lours by the water's edge looking 
anxiously down the river for the sail that would 
bring the father of her children. These visits and 
watchings at last attracted the attention of a young 
mariner who frequented the port, and who was not 
long in discovering the cause of her anxiety. 
Sympathizing with her, he extended his inquiries 
on her behalf and at last discovered that her hus- 
band had died on his return. Her grief for this 
sad bereavement entered his feelings, and finding 
that she was about to return home alone in her 
boat, he offered to accompany her and manage the 
same. This offer she accepted and he sailed the 
craft up the river to Pensaukin Creek and thence 
nearly to her residence, thus bearing the sad news 
to her children and neighbors. This man was 
Griffith Morgan, who, after a proper interval of 
time, sailed his own skiff up the creek to offer his 
consolations to the widow and to interest himself 
about her children and estate. This solicitude 
soon assumed another shape and culminated in the 
marriage of Griffith Morgan and Elizabeth Cole. 
Samuel Coles left two chikh-en, — Samuel and Sarah 
— from whom the family of the name in this region 
have descended." 

Among the many of the name of Wood who 
emigrated to New Jersey about the time of the 
settlement under the proprietor was Henry Wood, 
who came to this place from Newport, R. I., and on 
the 4th of September, 1682, purchased of Samuel 
Coles a tract of one hundred acres of land on the 



north side of Coopers Creek, adjoining the land 
subsequently sold to Samuel Spicer. The deed 
describes the place as "situate at Arwawmasse, in 
West Jersey ; also the dwelling-house or tenement 
which he, the said Samuel, inhabiteth, with the 
folds, yards, etc., excepting one cow-house." The 
farm fronted on Coopers Creek and the Delaware 
River, and was named by him " Hopewell." He 
was a member of the Assembly in 1683-84, and 
in the latter year was appointed commissioner for 
laying out land, and in 1685 for opening highways. 
In 1683 he purchased three hundred and fifty 
acres of land on the north side of and fronting 
('oopers Creek, and in 1686 sold it to Mathew 
Burden, who was a resident of Portsmouth, R. I., 
and a connection of Henry Wood. In 1711 
Richard Burden, a son of Mathew, conveyed the 
land to John Coxe, and later part of it was in- 
cluded in the farm of Abraham Browning. Henry 
Wood died in April, 1681, leaving as children 
Henry, James, Richard, Judith (who married 
Thomas Willard in 1689), Abigail (who married 
Daniel Cooper, ason of William, in 1693), Hannah 
(who married Joseph Nicholson in 1695), Eliza- 
beth (who married Stephen Newbie, son of Mark, 
in 1703) and Benjamin (who married Marj' Kay, 
daughter of John, in 1707). The homestead, in 
1699, came to Joseph Nicholson, who lived adjoin- 
ing from James Wood, a grandson of Henry. At 
the time of Henry Wood's death he was in posses- 
sion of considerable land near the homestead 
tract, which was divided among his children. 
His sou Henry died in 1754, single, and left his 
portion to his brothers and sisters. Benjamin 
purchased the home farm on which Joseph Nichol- 
son had lived, and upon his death, in 1738, left it 
to his son Henry, who devised it to his son Henry, 
who sold part of it, February 1, 1788, to Samuel 
Haines, who died in 1789, and John Haines and 
Dr. John H. Stokes, his executors, sold one hun- 
dred and eighty-four acres of it to Daniel Cooper. 
Henry, at his death in 1814, left three hundred and 
sixty-eight acres to his two sons, Henry and 
Zachariah. He died June 18, 1814, aged fifty-six 
years. His wife, Hannah, survived him and died 
August 23, 1856, aged eighty-seven years. Zach- 
ariah died May 5, 1847, aged fifty-four years- 
Other children of Benjamin Wood, who died in 
1738, were Mary (who married Joseph Coles and 
Richard Matlack), Hannah, Abigail, Benjamin, 
John, Judith and Jane. 

The land purchased by Henry Wood in 1683, 
containing one hundred acres on the Delaware 
River, before 1790 came to Samuel Coo|)er, who 
also owned Coopers Point Ferry and other land 



AUTOGRAPHS OF SETTLERS IN STOCKTON (OLD WATERFORD) TOWNSHIP. 



g^^^^^C^ 



A first settler. Died at Barbadoes, 

1692-93, and left one son, 

Samuel. 



A first settler. Died 1691. Had sons 

Henry, James, Eichard and 

Benjamin. 



^^^ Qm9^' 



(^?^n(2/ 



A first settler. Died 1710. Had sons 

William, Joseph and Daniel. Married Judith, daughter of Henry Wood. Died 1734. Had sons 

James, Henry and Thomas. 







''^/l 



^^ 



^ 



A first settler. Died 1692. Had 

sons Abraham, Jacob, Thomas 

and Samuel. 




H 



■5J' 



at 



Daughter of John and Mary Tilton, 

of Grave.send, and wife of Samuel 

Spicer. She was killed by 

lightning in 1703. 



A first settler of Salem. Died 168.5. Had sons 

Samuel, Abel and Joseph, who settled in 

Stockton. 



Ojlaocurt^c^ffli 



>^5 



(ua 



Only son of Griftith the emigrant. Died 1751. 
Had sons Joseph, Benjamin and Isaac. 




.-^^Oy? 



^ 



Third son of Samuel and Esther 
the emigrants. Died 1759. 
Had sons Jacob, Thomas 
and Samuel. 



A first settler of Ellisburg. Died 1715. 

Had sons Thomas, Joseph, William, 

Simeon and Jonathan. 



^ flfn^ 




(T^mt 




A first settler. Died 1742. Had sons "^' / 

John, Isaac, Josiah, Benjamin A first settler and wealthy operator in lands sold to Kaighn, 

and Joseph. Mickle and others. 




/fj^oU.,^ ^■^ .:,yt^ 



THE TOWNSHIP OF STOCKTON. 



743 



ndjoiniiig. The house now owned by William B. 
Cooper, marked S. P. C. 1790, was built by Samuel 
and Prudence Cooper. It came to their son Ben- 
jamin, who, January 22, 1834, had the tract sur- 
veyed by Samuel Nicholson iu two parts, called 
the northern and southern divisions. The northern 
part extended along the shore of the Delaware, 
from Coopers Creek to the Samuel Horner farm, 
including the fisheries on the river-front, and also 
the fisheries up to the Cove road. Benj. Cooper 
died 2{ith of 4th mo., 1842, aged sixty-seven years, 
and his wife, Elizabeth, died 21st of 3d mo. pre- 
ceding, aged sixty-six years. He, by will, devised 
the northern part, containing one hundred and 
seventy-five acres, including the flat marshes and 
fisheries, to Benjamin W. Cooper, his son, reserv- 
ing the half-interest of all privileges and profits of 
the fisheries for William B. Cooper. 

The southern tract, containing one hundred and 
sixty-seven acres, fronting on Coopers Creek, was 
devised to William B. Cooper, with rights in the 
fisheries and meadows. The rejjairs on the banks 
of the latter were chargeable to both divisions. 
The northern division became the property of the 
Pavonia Land Association, an account of which 
will be found under the head of Pavonia. 

Benjamin W. Cooper was the son of Benja- 
min Cooper, a lineal descendant of William and 
Margaret Cooper, who in 1G78 emigrated from 
England with the first settlers who located in Bur- 
lington. A few years later he took up lands and 
settled at the mouth of Coopers Creek, which 
stream was named after him. The father of the 
subject of this biography was a progressive farmer 
of Waterford township (now Stockton), and aftera 
life of activity and usefulness both in religious and 
civil society he died, in 1842. By his marriage 
wdth Elizabeth Wills, he had children, viz. : Ee- 
becca. Prudence, Benjamin W., Elizabeth W. and 
William B. Cooper. 

Benjamin W. Cooper was born at the homestead, 
now owned by his brother, William B. Cooper, in 
Stockton township, on the 13th day of the First 
Month, 1805, and spent the whole of his life as an 
enterprising farmer in the township where he w;is 
born. After obtaining a preparatory education in 
the schools in the vicinity, he entered the West- 
town Boarding-School, and there spent several 
years in diligent study, and thus laid the founda- 
tion of a liberal education, being afterward one of 
the best informed men in the community in which 
he resided. He was a constant reader of books of 
general literature, but devoted much of his read- 
ing to agricultural subjects, and was hinuself a 
liberal contributor to agricultural journals of his 



day. Having a retentive memory, he absorbed 
a vast .'imouiit of information, which lie freely 
dispensed to his friends without reward. He 
studied agriculture as a science and practiced it 
as an art. He introduced all new modes of cul- 
tivating the soil, and was first in his neighborhood 
to use the best improved implements — needed by 
all progressive farmers. 

In management of State, county and municipal 
allairs he held various places of trust and respon- 
sibility, and was possessed with a sound discrimi- 
nating judgment. 

He was one of the originators of the plan for 
the erection of Camden County by the division of 
Gloucester County, exerted all of his influence in 
that direction, and was greatly instrumental in 
having it eventually accomplished. After the ac- 
tion was taken, forming the new county of Cam- 
den, and the controversy arose about the location 
of the county buildings, Mr. Cooper favored the 
erection of them at Camden, and left no opportu- 
nity pass until the final decision, making Camden 
the county-se.at, was rendered. He was an ardent 
and consistent Republican, and took great interest 
in the administration of State and national oflices. 
Recognizing his efficiency as a man of good judg- 
ment, he was appointed one of the lay judges ot 
Camden County, and served in that position from 
1850 to 1855. No subject of great political mo- 
ment absorbed his attention more than the freedom 
of the colored slaves in the Southern States. 
Many a refugee negro found in him a friend on 
his way northward, beyond the jurisdiction of 
slavery, and his home in Stockton township for 
many years was a "station" on the line of the 
"Underground Railroad," where many a poor es- 
caped slave was befriended both with food and 
money. 

Benjamin W. Cooper, like his ancestors, was a 
member of the Society of Friends, connected with 
the Haddonfield Monthly Meeting. He wa-s mar- 
ried, on the 18th day of the Second Month, 1830, to 
Lydia, daughter of Samuel Lippincott, whose an- 
cestors were among the first settlers in New Jer- 
sey. He died on the 23d day of Uth Month, 1803. 

William B. Cooper, the youngest son of Benja- 
min and Elizabeth (Wills) Cooper and a brother 
of Benjamin W. Cooper, was born in Delaware 
township (now Stockton), on the Uth day of the 
Sixth Month, 1814. The historic old mansion 
where he was born and which he now owns, in- 
cluding the farm adjoining, where he has spent 
most of his life, was erected by Samuel and Pru- 
dence (Brown) Coo)>er, his grandparents, in the 
year 1790. 



744 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



William H. Cooper obtained his education at the 
Newton Friends'School, Rancocas Boarding-School 
and at the well-known Westtown Boarding-School, 
in Chester County, Pa. He then attended to the 
duties of the farm with his father, and upon the 
death of the latter, in 1842, he succeeded to the 
ownership of a part of the paternal homestead. 
He continued his chosen occupation until a few 
years ago, when he retired from his farm and 
moved to the city of Camden, where he now re- 
sides. As a farmer he has met with great success, 
and, following the example of his brother Benja- 
min W., regularly introduced new modes of agri- 
culture and improved machinery necessary for the 
progressive farmer. He has always taken a deep 
interest in owning the finest breeds of horses and 
cattle, and takes the greatest delight in having 
them well cared for. As a farmer he has been 
looked upon as a model, as a neighbor universally 
respected, and as a kind-hearted, noble gentleman 
his name is a synonym of goodness. In his plain, 
unassuming and unpretentious way he has con- 
tinued to live a life of great usefulness. As a 
friend of the poor and the needy, his charities are 
well known, yet never made public by himself 
Like his father and brother, in the days of slavery 
he was a devoted friend of the refugee slaves, and 
would do anything to comfort and protect them. 

In religion he has been a consistent member of 
the Society of Friends and served many years as 
clerk of Newton Meeting, of which he and his 
estimable wife are members. On the 9th day of 
the Third Month, 1879, William B. Cooper was 
married to Phebe Emlen, a lineal descendant of 
George Emlen, who emigrated from England to 
Philadelphia about the time that William Penn 
arrived. 

James Emlen, the grandfather of Phebe Cooper, 
was well educated, and it was designed that he 
should travel in Europe for his further accom- 
plishment, but he removed to Chester County 
and followed the occupation of a miller. He was 
married to Phebe Pierce, and both he and his 
wife died of yellow fever. Anne, their eldest 
daughter, married Judge Walter Franklin of Lan- 
caster, Pa. James Emlen, the youngest child and 
father of Phebe Cooper, was married in 181G to 
Sarah F. Foulke, a teacher in the Westtown Board- 
ing-School. In 1835 he became a teacher in the 
same institution, and resided with his family on 
the property for thirteen years. His wife became 
a minister and paid religious visits to various 
places in the Eastern, Western and Southern 
States. Her last religious visit was made to Eng- 
land. She was universally esteemed by all who 



knew her. She died in 1849. James Emlen was 
a highly loved elder in Friends' Meetings. He 
died in 1866. Dr. Samuel Emlen, brother of James, 
was one of the most eminent |)hyaicians of Phila- 
delphia, and was known throughout the United 
States. 

Benjamin Cooper, son of Benjamin W. and 
Lydia (Lippincott) Cooper, and nephew of Wil- 
liam B.Cooper, was born at the Cooper homestead, 
in Stockton township, on the 21st of Sixth Month, 
1834. He was educated in the schools of his 
native township and the well-known Westtown 
Friends' School, in Chester County, Pa. He then 
returned to his home, and engaged in work on the 
farm. Upon the death of his father, in 1863, Ben- 
jamin Cooper inherited the houie.stead which he 
owns at the present time. He continued actively 
engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1872, when 
he removed to Marlton, N. J. He still owns the 
farm and superintends its cultivation. Following 
the precedents established by his enterprising fa- 
ther, he is progressive and brings into use all the 
new and improved machinery necessary for suc- 
cessful farming. Within the past few years he 
has been extensively engaged in breeding thor- 
oughbred Jersey cattle. 

Mr. Cooper was one of the originators of the 
plan to construct and one of the incorporators of 
the Philadelphia, Marlton and Medford Railroad, 
and devoted much time and energy to the con- 
struction of the same. He was originally and 
still is one of its largest stockholders, and since 
the organization of the company has been a direc- 
tor. In politics Mr. Cooper is a Republican, and 
in religion, like his ancestors for many generations 
before him, is a member of the Society of Friends. 
Benjamin Cooper was married, in 1859, to Lydia 
Evans, the only surviving child, daughter of Da- 
vid and Sarah E. Evans, a prominent farmer of 
Burlington County, and a descendant of William 
Evans, one of the first Welsh emigrants to New 
Jersey, who settled at Mount Laurel, Burlington 
County. They have three children, viz. : David 
E., William B. and Samuel R., all of whom are 
engaged with their father in his farming interests. 

Thomas Willard, who, in 1689, married Judith, 
a daughter of Henry Wood, settled on a tract near 
the Wood homestead, where he died in 1734, and 
left three sons — James, Henry and Thomas — and 
daughters. A granddaughter, Abigail, in 1743, 
married Samuel Spicer, son of Thomas, and died 
April 24, 1762, aged twenty-six years. A grand- 
son, Benjamin, owned part of his grandfather's 
estate, and left it to his son James, who, February 
28, 1781, sold part of it to Thomas Stone, who 




1 



/?. 



,^^'' /^cn^^^n^yt/ 



THE TOWNSHIP OF STOCKTON. 



745 



sold twenty-tvvd acres in 17SH. Old citizens 
remember Parr Willani, in the vicinity, as 
being much interested in fruit and its culture. 
An old pear-tree now stands on the place of 
Abraham Browning, which bears the "Willard 
Pear," and is from stock originated by him. 

Joseph Nicholson, the first of the name to settle 
in what is now Camden County, was the fourth 
child of Samuel Nicholson, and was born in Eng- 
land, Second Month 30, IfidS). His father was in- 
terested in the purchase made from Lord .John 
Berkeley, in l(!7o, and came to this country with 
his wife, Ann, and five children, from Wiston, in 
Nottinghamshire, England, in the ship "Griffith," 
with John Fenwick, and arrived in the river Dela- 
ware on the 28d of Ninth Month, 1675, and soon 
after settled in Salem, where he selected a tract of 
sixteen acres with a marsh fronting on the creek and 
erected a house. He purchased large tracts of 
land later and became one of the wealthiest men 
in the colony. In ItiSO the Society of Friends, of 
which he was an active and prominent member, 
purchased his house and lot and refitted it as a 
meeting-house, which the next year was enlarged. 
This house was the first meeting-house in West 
New- .Jersey. A few years after the sale Samuel 
Nicholson removed to a iilantation on Alloways 
Creek, where he died in 1()8.5. Ann, his wife, re- 
moved here and died in 1(194. The sons, except 
Joseph, settled on the homestead and in the 
vicinity. Joseph, in lO'.M, purchased a tract of 
land on the north side of Coopers Creek, and the 
next year (1695) he married Flannah, a daughter 
of Henry Wood, who settled at the mouth of 
Coopers Creek in 1(>>!2. On this place Joseph 
Nicholson built a house and settled. In 1699 he 
purchased a tract of land adjoining James Wood, 
a grand.son of Henry. He died in 1702 and left a 
siui, Samuel, who inherited the estate of his father 
and resided on the tract purchased of James Wood. 
This was re-surveyed in 1733. He was married 
three times, — first in 1722, to Sarah, a daughter of 
Samuel Burrotighs ; second to Kebecca Saint ; and 
third to Jane Albertson, widow of William and 
daughter of John Engle. The la.st was successively 
Ihc widow of John Turner, William Albertson, 
Samuel Nicholson and Thomas Middleton. 
Samuel Nicholson died in 1760, and left children,— 
Joseph, Abel, Abigail, Hannah and Sarah. Joseph, 
in 1749, ptirchased the lot in Haddonfield, north 
cif (he Methodist Church, now owned and occupied 
liy Mrs. Joseph B. Tatem, and probably built the 
house. Abel married Rebecca, a daughter of 
Aaron .\aroiison, and died in 1761, before his 
child was born. Tliis child was named Abel, and 
90 



married Rebecca, Kllis, a daughter of Isaac. It is 
from this branch the family in this region descend. 
Aiiigail, in 1743, became the wife of Daniel Hill- 
man, and in 17li7 of John (Sill. Hannah married 
.lohn ilillman, and Sarah, the youngest child, died 
single in 1756, The Nicholson homestead was 
owneii tor many years by Abraham Browning, and 
is now occupied by several factories. 

Samuel Spicer was a native of New England, 
and one of the few American born citizens that can 
be claimed among the early settlers of old Glou- 
cester ("ounly. He was a son of Thomas and 
Michael Spicer, and was born prior to 1640. His 
father was one of the colony of Friends who emi- 
grated from England to avoid persecution (or their 
religious belief, only It) meet as trying an ordeal in 
their new homes. Samuel Spicer, the .son, on the 
21st of Third Month (IMay), 1665, married Jlsther 
Tilton, at Oyster Bay, L. I., and settled at Grave- 
send. In 16K4 he visited this region of country 
and purchased of Samuel Coles four hundred acres 
of land on Coopers Creek and the Delaware River, 
adjoining Henry Wood, who purchased one hun- 
dred acres of Samuel Coles in 1682, above and on 
the Delaware. In the m<'x( year he, with his wife, 
Esther, and eight children, nio\cd to the new pur- 
chase and built a house near where the bridge 
crosses (!oo[>ers ('reek at Federal Street. On the 
24th of May, 1687, he purchased three hundred 
and fifty acres of land, and subsequently other 
lands adjoining. These lands extended from 
Coopers Creek to Pensaukin, embracing (he lands 
on which Merchantville now stands. 

This ferry was maintained until 1762, when a 
bridge was built at the place and the locality was 
known as Spicer's Bridge many years. In the year 
1687 Samuel Spicer was appointed one of the 
judges of Gloucester County and continued in the 
office several years. He was active in the Society 
of Friends, of which he was a prominent member, 
and died soon after 1792. His widow, Esther, sur- 
vived him until 24th day of Seventh Month, 1703, 
when she, with a servant and Richard Thackara, 
a lad of about eleven years of age, were struck by 
lightning and killed. An acccuuit of her burial at 
night is given in connection with the old Newton 
burying-ground in the history of the township of 
Haddon. They had eight children, all of whom 
were born at (xravesend, — Abraham, Jacob, Mary, 
Martha, Sarah (who, in 1695, became the second 
wife of Daniel Cooper), Abigail, Thomas and 
Samuel. Samuel Spicer left in his will to his son 
Jacob one hundred and fifty acres attached to the 
homestead, and on th<^ Delaware River and 
Coopers Creek, and t<i his other sons, Samuel and 



746 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Thomas, one huiidied and sevenly-five acres each. 
Samuel died young, and his land passed to Jacob. 
Thomas inherited from his father the one hundred 
and fifty acres, and also purchased four hundred 
and ten acres in and around Merchantville of his 
brother .Jacob. He died in November, 1759, and 
left the landed estate to his son, Thomas Spicer, 
who, in 1741, married Rebecca, a daughter of 
Humphrey and .lane Day, who lived on Coopers 
Creek, in the lower part of what is now Delaware 
township. He died in the May following, 1760, 
and by will entailed the property to his wife, Re- 
becca; his daughter, Abigail, who was the wife of 
Wm. Rudderow ; and their son, John Rudderow, 
then a child of fifteen months old. Thos. Spicer, 
Jr., pa.ssed much of his time in travel and visited 
on business the West Indies and other places. Re- 
becca Spicer survived her husband until 1777, liv- 
ing most of the time on her own plantation. 
Abigail (Spicer) Rudderow was the only child 
living of three born to them. 

Samuel Spicer, son of Thomas, Sr., who married 
Abigail Willard in 1743, settled on the land he 
recei\?ed from his father. His wife, Abigail, died 
April 24, 1762, aged twenty-si.x years, and left one 
son, Jacob, who died September 4, 1769, aged 
twenty-four years ; a daughter Abigail, who mar- 
ried John Keble, a merchant of Philadelphia. She 
died August 27, 1807, aged sixty years; Rebecca, 
who married William Folwell, also a merchant of 
Philadelphia ; and Sarah, who married Joseph 
Covvperthwait. Judge John K. Cowperthwait was 
a son of the latter, and Spicer Cowperthwait, now 
a merchant in Camden, is a grandson. 

Wrightsville is on that part of the Spicer pro|)- 
erty that came to Rebecca and William Folwell 
and to Sarah and Joseph Cowperthwait. 

Jacob Spicer, son of Samuel, Sr., owned a large 
tract of land lying north of his fatlier's, and ex- 
tending to Pensaukin Creek. He sold to his 
brother Thomas four hundred and ten acres, lying 
next his father's land, and that part lying on Pen- 
saukin Creek to Samuel Burroughs, who later 
built a mill upon it. A part of the Burroughs land 
is still in possession of the family. Jacob Spicer, 
in 1691, removed to Cape May County, and was a 
member of the Legislature from 170.3 to 1723, and 
surrogate from the last-named year to 1741, and 
died in the latter year. He left a son Jacob, who 
was a member of the Legislature in 1744, and was 
appointed with Aaron Learning to revise the laws 
of the State, and " Leaming and Spicer," as the 
collection is termed, bears witness to the faithful 
performance of their duties. The Spicer estate 
will later be mentioned in the account of the Rud- 



derow family, to whom it in large part descended. 
Mention has been made of the marriage of Eliza- 
beth Cole, the widow of Samuel, to Oriffith Mor- 
gan. He was a native of Wales, and a mariner, 
and in 1677 purchased of David Lloyd and Isaac 
Norris, executor of Thomas Lloyd, of Philadelphia, 
a tract of fivehundred acres of land, embracing the 
site of Fort Eriwomac, which had been located by 
Samuel Jennings, the first Governor of New Jersey. 
It was bounded on the west by Delaware River, 
and on the north by Pensaukin Creek, and ex- 
tended about a mile up the creek and about a 
quarter of a mile along the river-front. He did 
not settle upon the place for many years, but con- 
tinued his business as a mariner, and was some 
time in England. An account of his romantic 
meeting with Elizabeth Coles will be found in the 
sketch of Samuel Coles. The license for his mar- 
riage was granted by the chancellor of Pennsyl- 
vania on the 1 0th of December, 1693, and the mar- 
riage ceremony .soon after was performed in Phila- 
delphia. He then erected a stone house, two stories 
and a half high, with dormer windows, near the 
mouth of Pensaukin (Veek, commanding a fine 
view of the Delaware River, where he settled and 
died a few years after, leaving a widow and 
one son, Alexander. His widow, Elizabeth, died 
in 1719. Alexander Morgan inherited the proper- 
ty of his father, and, in 1717, married Hannali 
Cooper, a daughter of Joseph Cooper, and settled 
upon the Morgan homestead, where he died in 
1751, leaving his wife and ten children, — Joseph, 
Benjamin, Isaac, Mary, Elizabeth, Lydia, Sarah, 
Hannah, Rachel and Alexander. By this marriage 
the family ultimately became conne«ted with the 
Mickles, Hojikinses, Ladds, Coxes, Cootes and 
Clements of West Jersey, and the Rawles, Riggs 
and other families of Pennsylvania. 

.foseph Morgan, eldest son of Alexander, married 
Agnes Jones, and settled on the homestead. They 
had one child, Griffith, who, in 1766, married 
Rebecca, a daughter of Samuel Clement; three 
daughters were the result of this marriage, as fol- 
lows : Agnes, wlio married Enos Eldridge ; Re- 
becca, who became the wife of James B. Cooper 
and resided at Haddonfield ; Ann, who in 1795 
married William E. Hopkins and lived on the 
Hopkins farm, on Coopei-s Creek, near Haddon- 
field. The first wife of Joseph Morgan died young. 
He married a second time and had several children, 
— Joseph, who married Mary Evans and Mary 
Butchel ; Hannah, who married Mr. Saterthwait ; 
Elizabeth, who became the wife of Joseph Reeve; 
and Sarah, who married James Hinchman. Upon 
the death of this wife he, in 1758, married Mary, 



THE TOWNSHIP OK STOCKTON. 



tlie (liiiighter of .loseph Stokes, hy whom he hud 
four children,— Isaac, Alexander, Mary and Ben- 
jamin ; the last married Mary Champion. His third 
wife died and Joseph Morgan married Elizabeth 
Atkin,son, by whom were no eliiUlren. 

The old homestead, near the mouth of the creek, 
remained in the family and came to .Joseph H. Mor- 
gan. William liurroiighs, as administrator, con- 
veyed the one hundred ac'res of that i>art of tlie 
estate, and the mansion-house, to .lohn Morris, 
March 1, l.S;i4, who resided thereon until Septem- 
ber 2t>, ISo.",, when he sob! it to William B. Mann 
& Oo., of Philadelphia. In that year a fishini'- 
club of eight persons was formed, of whom Mr. 
Mann was one, and bought five acres adjoining the 
liouse, and erected the present Fish House. On 
the 2.Sth of .lanuary, l,S(;s, .Jacob B.ackenbaeh 
bought tlie farm and AJorgan homestead of one 
hundred acres, and is still in possession. 

lienjamin Morgan, the seeonil son of Alexander, 
in 17(11, mairied .Jane Roljerts and settled on Pen- 
.saukin Creek, part of the homestead, where heat 
once built a one-story frame liouse, and, in 177.'>, 
built the present stone dwelling-house, of which 
the old partis the east wing of the house now owned 
and occupied by Dr. .1. Dunbar Hylton. Their 
children were Hannah ; Benjamin, who died in 
youth; and Benjamin R., wdio never married. At 
the death of Benjamin his estate passed to Alex- 
ander Morgan, of Philadelidiia. In 1.SH8, .John S. 
Hylton, a native of Kngland, came to this <-ountry 
and purcliaseil of the administrator of the Morgan 
estate two hundred and twenty acres, known as the 
Mount Pleasant farm, and one hundred and seventy 
acres adjoining, and above, on Pensaukin Creek, 
theComns Hill farm. (!)n this large tract he settled, 
and, in ISGd, finding the soil in its loams and clays 
wits well adapteil for use, he began the shipment of 
loam and clay to rolling-mills, foundries and pot- 
teries. It was of easy access to Pensaukin Creet, 
wdiere the material was lo.aded on vessels and con- 
veyed to its destination. The trade has been con- 
tinued to the present time without interruption. 
In 1872 the business passed to his son. Dr. .1. 
Dunbar Hylton. immense quantities have been 
shipped from the farm, and the supply seems un- 
limited. Ill 18S0, when the iron trade was prosper- 
ing, forty-two thousand tons were excavated and 
shipped, and in 188.') twenty-five thousand tons 
were taken out. In addition to the shipment of 
loam and clay, Dr. Hylton is cultivating fruit ex- 
tensively, having a peach orchard containing filleeii 
thousand trees, fifteen acres containing four thou- 
sand Niagara grape-vines, one thousand Keefer 
pear-trees and ten acres of the Wilson blackberry. 



.J. DiiNBAR lIvi.TON, M.D., is a member of the 
ancient and honorable family of that name that 
for so many generations bore a prominent part in 
the military and civic history of Kngland. The 
family seat is at Hylton, near Sunderland, on the 
river Ware, where Henry Hylton, who had re- 
ceived a large grant from William the ('on(|Ueror, 
because of his own and his father's valor, and who 
wjis afterwards slain in Normandy, built the an- 
cient Hyltou castle in 1072. The family traces it-s 
genealogy back three hundred years before the 
conquest, and is mentioned by the venerable Bede 
in his work pid)lisheil in the sixth century. Since 
the time of the Conquest it is remarked of the llyl- 
tons that one was slain at Fevcrsham, in Kent, 
one in Norman<ly, one at Mentz, in France, three 
in the Holy Wars, under Ilichard I., three at the 
battle of Bourdeaux, under the Black Prince, one 
at Agincourt, two at Berwick-upon-Tweed, against 
the Scots, two at the battle of St. Albans, live at 
Market Bosworth and four at Floddeii Field. 

From such illustrious and valiant ancestors is 
descended the subject of this sketch. His great- 
grandfather, William Hylton, descended from one 
of the junior branches of the family. About 17ti4 
he left England and came to America, locating 
near Bath, Va., where he ac(|uired some ten thou- 
sand acres of land, as well as owning land on Long 
Island, where the city of I?rooklyn now stands. 
After the breaking out of the Revolutionary War 
he espoused the royal cause and returned to Eng- 
land, his property in America being confiscated by 
the colonies. He finally established himself in the 
Island of Jamaica, where he became a large 
planter. 

His son, John Hylton, was a captain in 
the British army, and resided near Kingston 
Jamaica, near which point 'lie was stationed. He 
was the father of John S. Hylton, a native of 
county Durham, England, on the river Ware, near 
Hylton ca.stle. He married Mary Susanna Fry, 
and was an extensive planter in Jamaica, where 
he owned some five thousand acres of land and 
sixteen hundred negroes. He removed to the 
United States about 18.'^;), and purchased large 
tracts of land at {tonius Hill, on Pensaukin Creek, 
Camden County, N. J. There he passed the re- 
mainder of his life, engaged in bucolic and agricul- 
tural pursuits, and in the cultivation of a fine liter- 
ary taste. He was a frequent contributor to various 
leading magazines and periodicals in botli England 
and America- His children arc Dr. J. Dunbar 
Hylton; William R. Hylton, residing near Camden ; 
Dr. Reginalil T. Hylton, Nanticoke Pa.; Lionel, 
residing in Philadelphia; Dr. Stanley C. Hylton. 



748 



HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



of Philadelphia; and Edith A., wife of Nicholaa 
Bilger, of the same city. 

Dr. J. Dunbar Hylton was born on tlie Island of 
Jamaica March 25, 1837, and, on his mother's side, 
is descended from the Frys, of IMaddon's Court, 
England, and the Dunbar family, of Scotland, to 
which the great Scottish poet, William Dunbar, 
belonged. His early educati(m was conducted 
under a private tutor. He was brought to this 
country when he was two years of age. Subse- 
quently he assisted his father in his farming pur- 
suits, and then, having been seized with the gold 
fever, he engaged in gold-digging at Pike's Peak. 
He next entered the employ of the Phtenix Iron 
Company for the purpose of learning the iron 
business, and after a time entered upon the study 
of medicine, under Dr. Henry H. Smith, professor 
of surgery in the University of Pennsylvania, from 
which institution he was graduated with the degree 
of Doctor of Medicine in 186(3. He engaged in the 
practice of his profession, for ten years, in Phila- 
delphia, and at River Side and Palmyra, N. J., 
and Hually purcliased a farm, belonging to his 
father, in Camden County, and turned his attention 
to agriculture, fruit-growing and mining clays. At 
the present time he owns about two hundred and 
seven acres of land in Stockton township and 
Burlington County, containing clay and kaolin 
deposits, varying in depth from eight to thirty-two 
feet, which he readily disposes of to the rolling- 
mills, fire-brick works and foundries of this 
country and Cuba, and is also engaged in every 
branch of agriculture, trucking, farming, fruit- 
growing, and in the development and propagating 
of new varieties of liuits and berries. The ancient 
and picturesque house which he occupies was 
completed in 1775 by Benjamin Morgan. This 
house stands on a high bluft', overlooking the waters 
of the Pensaukin Creek and the Delaware River, 
and commands a fine view of Philadelphia and the 
surrounding country for miles, and has been occu- 
pied b)' the Hylton family tor over forty years. 
It is one of the attractions of the neighborhood, 
and the doctor, with his genial hospitality, occu- 
pying this antique abode, .and surrounded by his 
well-tilled fields and his small army of laborers, 
reminds one strikingly of the planters of the South 
in the days befoie the war. Inheriting strong 
literary taste and ability, like Horace, he finds time, 
apart from his bucolic pursuits, to dally with the 
muses, and each winter sees from his pen some 
new gem added to the list of the successful and 
popular works of the day. His talent runs chiefly 
in the direction of the ideal and imaginative, and 
manifests itself in verse. Amone the volumes that 



he has published are, — " Lays of Ancient Times" 
(1857), " Voices from the Rocky Mountains " 
(18(32), " Pr.Tsidicide " (1865), '"The Bride of 
Gettysburg" (1878), "Betrayed" (1880), "The 
Heir of Lyolynn " (188.'3), "Above the Grave" 
(1884), " Artiloise, or the Weeping Castle" (1885), 
and others are soon to follow. 

Dr. Hylton's versification is strong and rythmi- 
cal, and the flow of thought regular and entertain- 
ing. His works find a ready sale, and have won 
for him a place among the successful liU-rateurs of 
the country. He married, May 31, IStlS, Miss Emma 
Denckla Silvis, daughter of Benjamin and Emily 
T. (Renfrew) Silvis, of Philadelphia, and has had a 
family of seven boys, of whom only J. Dunbar 
Hylton, Jr., survives. 

Benjamin Morgan, a great-grandson of Ale.x- 
ander, a descendant of Grittith Morgan, before 
1800, became the posses.sor of a large tract of land 
on Coopers Creek, below the old Champion tract, 
and above what is now the Browning farm. He 
married Mary Champion, and settled upon the 
place. His son Joseph married Margaret, a daugh- 
ter of John Browning. Of his daughters, Mary 
became the wife of Isaac Mickle ; Rachel, of Rich- 
ard M. Hugg ; another became the wife of Jacob 
Roberts. 

The families of Rudderow in this region of 
counti'y sprang from John Rudderow, a native of 
England, who emigrated about 1680 and settled at 
Chester, in Burlington County, N. J., between the 
north and .south branches of the Pensaukin Creek. 
He died in 1729 and left the land to his son, John 
Rudderow, who died in 1769 and devised it by will 
to his .son William, who, in 1758, married Abigail, 
the daughtenof Thomas Spicer, Jr., son of Thomas, 
grandson of Samuel. At this time William Rud- 
derow was living on his paternal estate with his 
father, where he continued tor eight years after his 
marriage, and where eight of their children were 
born. In 1782 they moved from the forks of Pen- 
saukin to the property of Rebecca Spicer, her 
mother then living on her estate, which em- 
braced a tract of over four hundred acres, in the 
centre of which Merchantville stands, and in which 
Abigail, the wife of William, had an interest. 
This property was in possession of Thomas Spicer, 
Sr., before 1717, as in that year it was surveyed by 
Thomas Sharp ; a piece of land later known as 
Coopers Woods was included in the tract. Upon 
this tract Thomas Spicer, Sr., erected a house soon 
after 1717, which evidently was occupied as a tene- 
ment, and in a re-survey made in 1785 it is 
mentioned as the residence of Alexander McCloud. 
It stood on the site of the present residence of ex- 



TMK TOWNSHIP OF STOCKTON. 



U9 



Senator Alexander G. ("attell. .lolui Kudilerow, 
son of William and Abigail, married in 17.S2, and 
in 1792 moved in the old liouse to which, in 1804, 
he built a large addition, two stories high, twenty 
by sixty feet, of sawed white oak timber laid like 
a log house and dove-tailed at the corners. This 
house stood until 1852, when it was torn down 
and replaced by the present residence. The old 
part, in 1806, was moved and made into a l)arn. 

About 17S3 Thomas Spicer,_Sr., erected a one- 
story and a half house, with dormer windows, also 
of white oak timber, on that portion of the estate 
now owned by Joseph Hollinshead. A part of the 
old house is still standing, and is in the township 
of Delaware, while the part later erected, adjoining, 
is in Stockton, the township line passing through 
the house. This house was, prior to 1782, known 
as Cherry Tree Tavern, and from that time to 1808 
as the home of William Rudderow. It was then 
occupied for a number of years by William, son of 
John Rudderow. 

Rebecca Rudderow survived her husband many 
years, and died at the age of eighty-three years. 
Their children were John, William and Thomas. 
John settled upon the farm, and in 1792 moved 
into the house above mentioned. He married, in 
1782, Jerusha Inskip, by whom he had children, — 
William, Benjamin. Samuel, Thomas, Sarah, Abi- 
gail, Hope and Jerusha. The daughters lived in 
Camden. AVilliam and Benjamin lived on the old 
homestead property. Samuel settled on the origi- 
nal Rudderow estate, on the north side of Pensau- 
kin Creek, opposite his uncle's, who had settled 
previously on the south side. 

Jerusha, the wife of John Rnddcrow, died, and 
he married as a second wife, Anna Lacony, by 
whom he had children, — John, Kzra, Amos, Joel, 
Anna, Susan, Emily and Jane. John died about 
18G4. Ezra was a captain on the river steamer 
" Farmer," and was killed by an accident. Amos 
bought part of the home estate and resided there, 
and sold the farm in parcels from 185(1 to 1858. 
From 1861 to 1878 he was treasurer of the West 
Jersey Ferry Company ; he now resides iu Mer- 
chantville. Joel studied tor the ministry and en- 
tered the Episcopal Church, aud is now rector of 
a parish, "The Oaks," in Jlontgomery County. 

William Rudderow, son of William, settled on 
a tract of land on the south side of Pensaukin 
Creek, and on the main road, where he died, and 
left two sons,— Richard and Josiah— who also lived 
and died upon the tract. After the death of the 
latter the farm was sold. 

Thomas, a brother of John aud William, also 
settled on Pensaukin Creek, adjoining his brother 



William, where he died and left two sons, — Jacob 
and Benjamin. Miss .lerusha Rudderow, a daughter 
of John Rudderow by the tirst wife, died in 1884, 
and in 1885 a hundred acres of land were sold, and 
which had not been transferred by deed since its 
sale to Samuel Spicer — a ])eriod of two hundred 
years. Dr. John R- Stevenson, Dr. Charles H. 
Shivers and Mrs. (iustavus M. Murray, all of llad- 
doutield, are diildren of Mrs. Anne Shivers, 
daughter of .lohn Rudderow. 

Humphrey Day came to the settlement along 
the river and creek when a young man, and in 
1737 he was keeping a ferry and a tavern, ])robably 
where John Champion had a ferry in 1702, as in 
that year he was assessed upon the business twenty 
shillings. He was a neighbor of the Woods, Spicers 
and Nicholsons. He and his wife, Jane, who died 
in 1760, were buried in the St. Mary's church-yard 
at Colestown. He lived on the north side of 
Coopers Creek, on land lately owned by the 
Shivers family. Their daughter Rebecca married 
Thomas Spicer, .Ir., who owned four hundred and 
ten acres, the site of MiMihantvillc- and surround- 
ing it. 

The Fish family in the township are descemled 
from the Swedish settlers. Justa Fish is the first 
of whom anything is known. He was a constable 
in Chester township, Burlington County, in 1698. 
Isaac Fish, probably a son, in 1762, was in posses- 
sion of a large tract of land and the fishery above 
Pea Shore and on the river-front. He had children, 
— Charles, who married Rachel Browning ; Benja- 
min; Jeremiah ; Ann, who married Samuel Rud- 
derow ; Keturah, who became the wife of Jacob 
Stone; Eunice, who married William Horner; 
Susannah, Daniel Stoy ; Rachel, Josiah Rudderow ; 
and Elizabeth, Adam Baker Evaul. Charles Fish 
lived at the place many years, but in time it came 
into the possession of Benjamin, who, about 1843, 
sold it to Samuel Browning, whose son Eli now is 
iu possession, while the property is still owned b_\ 
Sarah Browning's heirs, of whom he is one. The 
children mentioned above are by two wives. 
Jeremiah Fish, one of the sons of Isaac, came into 
possession of the farm on the river-front— part of 
the original one hundred acres. Sanuiel Coles sold 
to Henry Wood, and which later came to Joseph 
Nicholson. Jeremiah Fish, in ls:{0, s(dd to, 
William Horner, his brother-in-law, who lived and 
died there. It passed to Lemuel Horner, a son of 
William, who now owns the proi)erty. The old 
Wood-Spicer burying-ground is on this farm, and 
Pavouia and the Camden Water-Works are ad- 
joining. 

The Horners are descended from the Swedish 



750 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NKW JERSEY. 



settlers, and prior to 173!! Bartholomew Horner 
purchased a large tract of land of John Gill, now 
in Delaware township, near the head of the old 
Swett Pond. It passed to his son Jacob, and was 
retained in the family until after 1800. The family 
were connected by marriage with the Stokes, 
Thackaras, Matlacks and Kays. Early in the pres- 
ent century Merritt, David and Josei^h Horner were 
living in the township, well advanced in years. 
Merritt resided a short distance north of Merchant- 
ville, on the farm still owned by his descendants. 
His children were Jieulah (married Thomas P. 
Clements, Ann (married John Stow), Miriam 
(married Benjamin Fish), Mary Ann (married John 
Horn), William, Marion and Joel. William mar- 
ried Eunice Fish, and in 1830 bought the farm 
now known as the Lemuel Horner farm, where he 
lived and died. His son Lemuel also resided there. 
It has recently been sold to Alfred Cramer, and 
will be laid out into lots. The old house upon the 
property was built in 1705 by some of the Woods 
or Spicers, and is yet in good condition. Marion 
Horner, son of Merritt, settled on the homestead 
of his father and died there. The property is 
owned by his family. 

Joseph Horner, brother of Merritt and David, 
settled on the old Burlington road, southwest of 
the Sorrel Horse tavern. He had three sons, — 
Joel, Asa and Thomas C. The latter .settled in 
Camden ; A.sa P. remained on the homestead and 
died there ; Joel lived on the farm adjoining. 
They were both judges of the courts of Camden 
C!ounty and freeholders of the township for several 
years. 

David Horner settled on a farm east of his 
brother Merritt, and now owned by John S. Collins, 
where he died. His children were Mary (married 
James Adams), Elizabeth (married William Hinoh- 
man), Isaac, Benjamin, John and Merritt. Ben- 
jamin settled on the homestead ; the others in 
Camden. 

The family of Brownings, which has for many 
years been prominent in the county in agriculture, 
law, ferries and other occupations, all sprang from 
one John G. Browning, who came from Holland to 
this country before 1752. The name is of English 
origin, and the emigrant was doubtless a descend- 
ant of one of the family connected by its branches 
with the great mercantile interests for which Hol- 
land was noted. He was married in this region 
of West Jersey, at some place not known, Decem- 
ber 12, 1752, to Catherine Baker, and settled on 
the Delaware, within the limits of Camden County. 
They had eleven children, of whom Philip Jacob, 
George Adam and Margaret, all born before 1757, 



died comparatively young. John was born No- 
vember 0, 17G0, and in early life became interested 
in marine service and ship-building, and failing in 
accomplishing his object in that direction, he pur- 
chased a tract of land on AUoways Creek, where 
he lived a few years, and about 1795 purchased a 
tract of land west of Merchantville and moved 
upon it. He married a daughter of one of the 
Lawrence family of East Jersey, by whom he had 
fourteen children, ^of whom were Daniel (who 
married Hannah Cole), Benjamin, William, James, 
Samuel, Rachel (who married Charles H. Fisk), 
Margaret (who married Joseph Morgan), Rebecca 
(who married Ezra Kudilerow)and Elizabeth (who 

married Heulings). One of the sons married 

Grace Fisk, a daughter of Isaac. John Browning 
married, as a second wife, Ann Hinchman, by 
whom he had four children, — William (who mar- 
ried Burrough), Benjamin (who married Re- 
becca Troth, a daughter of Jacob), Isaac (who 
married Sarah Starn) and Jane (who became the 
wife of Charles Starn) ; the latter is a large fruit- 
grower in the vicinity. 

John Browning, May 30, 1801, bought one hun- 
dred acres of land, part of the Spicer land, in the 
northern part of the township, near the Moorestown 
road of Joel Gibbs. The property was sold by the 
Spicers in 17G5, and came to Thomas Holmes, 
who by will left it. May 27, 1783, to his .son 
William, who, in 1800, sold it to Joel Gibbs. In 
October, 1805, John Browning purchased twenty- 
one acres of laud, on the west side of the main 
branch of Pensaukin Creek, of Joshua Ostler. 
Isaac Browning lives upon the home tract west ot 
Merchantville. Others of the family settled in 
township. 

George Browning, next ycmnger than John, 
was born in 1763, and moved to Burlington County^, 
where he settled. Abraham, a younger son, was 
born February 25, 3700, and about 1708 married 
Beulah ({enge, a native of Gloucester County. 
He purchased one hundred acres of laud on the 
bank of Coopers Creek, above the Spicer lands and 
below the Champion tract. It formerly was in 
possession of the Shivers family, but was not 
the original Shivers tract, as that wsia in Delaware 
township. Abraham Browning settled at the place 
mentioned, and later |iurcluised two hundred acres, 
adjoining ami below on the creek, of Mr. Bonnell. 
The Marlton pike passes through the property, 
which is yet in the family. About 1800 Abraham 
Browning established the ferry at the foot of Mar- 
ket Street, Camden, which was known as the Brown- 
ing Ferry until it was chartered in 1849 as the West 
Jersey Ferry. It was retained in the family until 



THE TOWNSHIP OF STOCKTON. 



751 



a few years since. Abraham Browning ilied Sep- 
tember 11, 1S,%, aiul his wife in 1S63. They are 
both buried in the Colestown chun-h-yard. Their 
children were George, Eleanor, .lohn, Catharine, 
Kebecca, Abraham, (Jenge, Maurice, Charles, Ed- 
ward, Benjamin B. (who died in infancy), (ieorgc 
B. and Benjamin F., of whom Eleanor, Rebecca, 
Abraham and Manrice only are living. Abraham 
and Maurice were largely interested in Camden, 
where some account of them will be found in con- 
nection with the professions and enterprises in 
which they were engaged. Maurice Browning is 
now the manager of the Browning estate in this 
townshiji. 

Isaac Browning, the youngest scni of .hihn 
George, was born December I, 177.'i, ami settled in 
Gloucester township, at the month ol' 'I'imber 
Creek, where he lived arid died. 

The ancestors of the family of Starii, in this 
country, was Conrad Starn, who had two sons, — 
Abner and Andrew. The latter resided in Phila- 
delphia. Abner settled near Haddonfield, and had 
five sons, — Joseph, Benjamin, Charles, Samuel and 
John, — of whom Benjamin remained on the home- 
stead, and Joseph and Samuel moved to what is 
now Stockton township where they rented farms. 
Late in life Joseph Starn purchased one of the 
Rudderow farms, now part of the borough of Mer- 
chantville, but died before moving thereon. His 
sons were Elwood, Josiah, Charles W. and 
Joseph A. Charles W. Starn, in 18t>4, purchased 
a farm of John Lawrence, part ol' the old ( )stler 
tract. He had for several years previously carried 
on market gardening, but at once began to set out 
the farm to fruit-trees, and at jiresent has two 
thousand five hundred apple-trees, one thousand 
pear-trees, six thousand cherry-trees, six thousand 
peach-trees and twenty-five acres of blackberries, 
and has settled conclusively that this part of New 
Jersey is well adapted to the culture of fruits. 

On the property now owned by Joseph Evaul, 
Nathan and Hannah Evans erected a stone house 
in 1707. It later came into possession of William 
Browning, who, about 1815, sold it, with the prop- 
erty of Jacob Evaul's heirs, to .lacob Evaul, Sr., 
by whom it came to his sons, Joseph and Jacob. 
The Evauls are descended from the early Swedish 
settlers, who remained along the river after the 
title passed to the Proprietors. Adam Baker 
Evaul married Elizaljeth Fish and settled in the 
vicinity. 

John Walker came from " Old Market," Eng- 
land, — the first of the name in this region — in 
1677, and soon after bought land in what is now 
Stockton township. He had two children,— John 



and Catharine. I'he latter married Gecjrge Hors- 
fielder, to whom Jcjhn, her fatlier, in 1710, con- 
veyed one hunilri'<l and five acres on Pensaukin 
Creek. llorsfieUler sold it in 17lL' to .lohn Walker, 
Jr., brother of his wife, who, in 1718, sold it to 
Philip Wallace, who had nuirried his daughter 
Sarah. Their children married into the families 
of (tibbs, Atkinson, Lacony, Morgan, Toy, Lippin- 
cott and olhers. Sarah nuirried Jo.seph Morgan, 
who lived oi] the old Morgan estate; Patience 
married James Toy ; Thomas married Hope f;ip- 
pincott. Olhers intermarried with fiimilies of 
Atkinson and Lacony. Eli/.beth Fish married 
Samuel Wallace, son of Thomas ; Ann Wallace, 
daughter of Thomas, nuirried li(Mijauii]i Rudderow. 

.lose|ih and Saiinul Osier, in llie time of the 
Kcvolulion, owned laud north of the lan<l Samuel 
Burroughs boughl ol' .lacob Siiicer and east of 
.lordautowu and on Ihc south branch of Pensaukin 
<'reek. .losei)h died before 17S7, as in that year 
his land, consisting of four hundred acres, was 
divided between his children — Davis, Jo.seph, Eliza- 
beth (Mrs. Rudderow), Samuel, .leremiah, Sarah, 
.loshua, Owen, John and William. 

Major John Osier, a surveyor and a leading 
man in .St. Mary's Church, at Cole.stown, in IS1."> 
sheriff of (iloucester ('oiinty, owned a farm we-it 
of the Osier lands, now owned by Joseph Horn. 
The fruit farm of (!harles W. Starn is a par( of the 
old (Jsler tract. 

Benjamin Osier, s(H1 of .lohn, purchased a tract 
of land of jMrs. Jhiry Morgan, part of the Morgan 
lands, and died there. His sons, Edward J. and 
Davis S., now reside upon it. 

The family of Stones was atone time numerous 
in the township, on the old Spicer land, near the 
river, near the Lenuiel Horner farm. They were 
of Swedish origin and probalily came from the ad- 
joining Swedish selllcnicnts, as they were not orig- 
inal settlers. John Stone, the first of whom any- 
thing is learned, married, firsl, Mary Walker, 
daughter of David Walker, son of John Walker, 
.Ir. Their children were Rebecca, who married 
Archibald ('ampbell ; ICIi/.abeth, who married 
.loseph Hudson; Phebe, who became the wile of 
John Stow; Abigail, of Isaac Middleton ; Jerusha 
of Edward Toole; Margaret, of UFathew Sfiller; 
and sons, Joshua and William. Thonuis Stone 
also was an owner of land in the vicinity. 

BETitEL Methodist Curiicii.' — In the year 
1813, Georsre Horn, formerly of Hanover Furnace, 
N. J., built the dwelling-house on the Moorestown 
turnpike, known as the Homestead, where William 
Horn now lives, near the present Diulley station. 

1 liy tl..- Kov. S. TowiiotkI. 



752 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



Soon alter this, perhaps the same year, the Method- 
ists from Camden, by invitation of Mr. Horn, 
commenced holding meetings there. He was not 
then a member of church, but became such soon 
after. In the year 1815 a class was formed there 
and he wa.s appointed leader. There had been a 
class formed in the neighborhood some years be- 
fore, either in a private house or in the old school- 
house near by, led by one John Peak, of Stone 
Meeting-House ; but this had gone down before 
the class was formed at Father Horn's. 

Among the first local preachers and exhorters 
who preached at his house were Riley Barrett, 
Andrew Jenkins, David Duffel and others from 
Camden; and later, .John P. Curtis, from near 
Haddonfield. Among the itinerant preachers 
who preached there were Sylvester Hill, Rob- 
ert Sutton — he came to fill Mr. Hill's place 
and died while on the circuit. Also, Joseph 
Rusling, Joseph Lybrand, Daniel Fidler, David 
Best, David Dailey, Jacob ({ruber and Wes- 
ley Wallace; these last were on the circuit to- 
gether. Father Bnehni, of precious memory, was 
on the circuit in 1827 and 1828. Also, Ezekiel 
Cooper often came out from Philadelphia and 
preached and sometimes stayed three or four days. 
At one time he brought Bishop ( ieorge out with 
him, who stayed all night there. 

The first class was formed by Rev. Mr. Van 
Schoik,'who then had charge of the circuit, which 
was called Burlington Circuit. In somewhat later 
years the appointment was connected with Cam- 
den Circuit, and the preachers were Rev. D. W. 
Bartine, W. W. Foulks, William Williams, Joseph 
Ashbrook and others. Meetings were held here 
all along the years, even u)) to 1844, though not 
so frequently as at first. 

About the year 1830 meetings were commenced 
in the Stone School-hou,se, often called Union 
School-house, on the Burlington turnpike, five 
miles from Camden, and only a few feet from where 
the Brick School house now stands. A class was 
formed here and the local i)reachers from Camden 
and elsewhere preached first on Sabbath days and 
the itinerant preachers week evenings till, about 
1838, they commenced preaching there on Sabbath 
morning and at INIoorcstown in the afternoon. 
The circuit was at one time, say from 1888 to 1842, 
called Haddonfield Circuit, then Moorestown Cir- 
cuit, and afterward Bethel was connected only 
with Palmyra and finally stood as an appointment 
alone. We have no means of knowing the bound- 
aries of the old Burlington and Camden Circuits, 
though we have reason to believe they were very 
large ; but the Haddonfield Circuit included the 



following appointments : Coopertown (near where 
Beverly now stands), Bridgeboro', Asbury (now 
Cinnamlnsou), Union School-house (now Bethel), 
Moorestown, Haddonfield, Greenland, Blackwood- 
town, Long-a-Coming (now Berlin), Waterford, 
Jackson, New Freedom and (ribbsboro'. There 
were only two preachers on those thirteen appoint- 
ments, giving preaching by the itinerant preachers 
once in two weeks at each place, and the alternate 
Sabbaths were supplied by the local preachers. 
As to salary, the preachers in charge received 
from three to four hundred dollars per year, and 
the junior preacher, who was generally a single 
man, received one hundred dollars and boarded 
among the kind and hospitable friends on the cir- 
cuit. The preachers on the Haddonfield Circuit, 
commencing with 1838, were as follows : 1838, 
•lames Long and J. B. McKeever ; 1839, J. .Long 
and W. A. Brooks ; 1840, Nathaniel Chew and S. 
Townsend; 1841, N. Chew and a supply; 1842, 
Edward Stout and C. A. Kingsbury ; 1843, E 
Stout and a supply ; 1844-45 (then called Moores- 
town Circuit), J. J. Sleeper ; 184(1-47, Thomas G. 
Steward. Some of the presiding elders were as 
lullows : From 1833 to 1837, R. W. Petherbridge ; 
from 1838 to 1841, Thomas Neall; from 1842 to 
1844, Charles T. Ford. When Bethel appoint- 
ment was attached to the large circuits the otticial 
men and others came from the extreme points to 
the quarterly meetings, in some cases a distance of 
twenty-five to thirty miles, and these quarterly 
meetings were seasons of happy reunion ; the 
love-feasts were spiritual feasts indeed, and the 
presiding elders preached with much earnestness. 

The first Bethel Church was built in 1844, under 
the pastorate of Rev. J. J. Sleeper. It was a frame 
church, thirty-two feet wide by forty-six feet long, 
and one story high, of respectable appearance and 
good material, situated on the Burlington turn- 
pike, four miles from Camden. It is still remain- 
ing on the same site as chapel to the new church 
built in 1884. 

There was an excellent revival of religion In the 
school-house about the winter of 1843, under the 
labors of Rev. E. Stout. There was a great revi- 
val in the winter of 1846, under the labors of Rev. 
T. G. Stewart, in their new church. Quite a large 
number were converted, several of whom are prom- 
inent members of the church to this da}'. There 
was also a good revival under the labors of Rev. 
C. K. Fleming, and another under the pastorate of 
Rev. R. S. Harris in the time of the Civil War, 
and also a good one in 1833 in the pastorate of 
Rev. W. E. Greenbank, besides many others of 
more or less power and extent. 



THE TOWNSHIP OF STOCKTON. 



753 



The church has now about one hundred and ten 
members and one hunch-od scliolars in the Sabbath- 
school. It is, taken as a whole, a church of more 
than ordinary spirituality and earnestness in 
Christian work. 

Following is a list of the pastors not heretofore 
given, from 1848 to 1886, inclusive: 

For 1848-49. J. Loudenslager (connected with Moorestown Circuit). 

For 1850. Not ascert:iined (connected with Moorestown Circuit). 

For 1S51-S2. Edward Page (connected with Moorestown Circuit). 

For 185:!. L. Ilerr and B. F. Woolaton (connected witli Moorestown 
Circuit). 

For 1854. C. K. Fleming and D. L. Adams Iconnected witli .Moores- 
town Circuit). 

For 1855. C. K. Fleming (connected with Jloorestown Circuit). 

For 1856-.57. L. J. Rhouds (connected with Moorestown Circuit). 

For 1868-69. G. C. Haddock (connected with Moorestown Circuit) 

For 18(J0. J. H. James (connected with Moorestown Circuit). 

For 1861. C. R. Hartranft (connected with Moorestown Circuit). 

For 1802. J. G. Cr.ate (Bethel and Moorestown), 

For 186:i. J. I. Corson (Palmyra and Bethel). 

For 1804-65. R. S. Harris (first year Palmyra and Bethel, second 
year Bethel only). 

For 1866-67. L. Larew (Bethel only). 

For 1868-69. T. D. Sleeper (Bethel only). 

For 1870-71. W. Reeves (Bethel only). 

For 1872-73-74. Enoch Green (Betliel only). 

For 1875. J. B. Turpin. 

For 1876-77-78. M. C. Stokes. 

For 1879-80. C. F. Garrison. 

Forl881. A. K. Street. 

For 1882-83-84, \V. E. Greenbank. 

Forl88i-86. S. Towusend. 

Schools. — Stockton township contained three 
school- houses as early as 1800. One of stone, 
built in 1795, and known as the " Union School- 
House," was situated on the old Burlington road 
about one and a half miles east from the Sorrel 
Horse tavern. A log house also stood on the 
same road, near the head of Woods Creek, or 
Baldwins Run, and its site is now in the town of 
Dudley. Another stood on the land of Ben- 
jamin Morgan, on the line of the Camden and 
MarJton pike. It was known over fifty years ago 
as the Greenville School-house, and the name still 
clings to it. Near this house is a small Episco- 
pal chapel. 

In May, 1838, Richard Staflbrd, Joseph Porter 
and Benjamin W. Cooper were school commission- 
ers of Waterford township, embracing what is now 
Waterford, Delaware and Stockton townships, and 
in accordance with a school law recently passed, 
divided the township into ten districts, giving the 
boundaries of each. The taxable inhabitants of 
each district were requested to meet at the school- 
houses and choose directors. The following are the 
school-houses designated as meeting-places and the 
districts to which they belonged : 

District No. 1, Union School- House. 

District No. 2, Abel Curtis School-House (afterwards Uosendale 
District). 

i)l 



District No. -.',, Morgan's School-House. 
District No. 4, Ellisburg School. House. 
District No. 5, Horner's School-House. 
District No. 6, Stokes' School-Hous». 
District No. 7, at meeting-house at Borton's Mill. 
District No. 8, school-house at Long-a-Coming. 
District No. 9, school-house at Jackson's Works. 
District No. 10, school-house at Waterford Works. 

Districts Nos. 1, 2 and 3, were within the limits of 
what is now Stockton township. The township at 
present is divided into four districts, three of which 
are nearly the same as those of 1838. Following 
are the names of districts, value of school prop- 
erty and number of pupils in attendance : 

District. Name. Value of prop. No. of children. 

^ I'nion $.»)()() loo 

4 Rosendale 3700 257 

6 Greenville 2000 58 

43 Wrightsville 2500 161 

Early Taverns.— The first tavern within the 
limits of Stockton township was kept by Humph- 
rey Day, in 1733. He owned the property which 
in later years was owned by the Shivers, on Coop- 
ers Creek. There is a doulit of the e.xact locality 
of the ferry. It may have been the John Cham- 
pion ferry, on the Barton farm, on the line of 
Delaware township, or he may have kept for a short 
time the Spicer ferry. 

There is a dim tradition of the " Cherry Tree 
Tavern," but few facts can be obtained as to who 
kept it. It was located on what is now known iis 
the Colestown or Church road, and on the Thomas 
Spicer property, built by Thomas Spicer about 
1733, and is said to have been used as a tavern 
until 1782, when William Rudderow, son-in-law of 
Thomas Spicer, moved to the place and resided 
until his death, in 1808. The property now belongs 
to Joseph Hollinshead and the line of Stockton and 
Delaware townships parses through his house. That 
part of the house which is in Delaware township is 
the old " Cherry Tree Tavern." 

Among the old papers of Thomas Spicer was 
found, a few years ago, an account for a trifling 
sum, which was receipted, and on the back of it 
was an order, in Spicer's hand-writing, to the land- 
lord, evidently to give the bearer a mug of beer. 

About 1800, and perhaps earlier, a house was 
erected on the Moorestown road and on the Ostler 
property, which was used as a tavern and had for 

its sign a half-moon. It was kept by Cattell 

and Warrick, and about 1825 came into pos- 
session of Charles Buzby, who changed its name to 
the "Spread Eagle" and kept it several years. He 
sold to William Hinchman, who, about 184(5, sold 
the property to John Vernier, who kept it until his 
death, about 1876. The Sorrel Horse Tavern was 
opened early in the century and in 1807 was kept 



754 



HISTORY OF CAMDP]N COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



by William Vansciver, and later by his son Jon- 
athan and grandson Augustus and John Lawrence, 
who was succeeded by his son Jacob, and at pres- 
ent by the widow of the hitter. 

Old BiiEWERlES. — On the old Burlington road, 
now the Camden and Westfield turnpike, where it 
crosses Pensaukin Creek, about 1851, Budd & 
Comly erected a frame building, about forty by 
eighty feet, for the purpose of a brewery. They 
conducted a large business, and in connection had 
at one time five thousand hogs, which were fed 
from the grain after it was malted. The business 
was abandoned about 1863. In 18G6 the building 
was fitted by Reed & Sheldon as a grist-mill, and 
later operated by Sheldon & Brother, who sold to 
Middleton & Brother, and it finally came to the 
possession of Dory Middleton, who now owns it. 

Fisheries. — The fisheries along the river- 
front in the township extended from Cooper Creek 
to the Second Cove road. The first was operated 
by the Woods and before 1790 was owned by Sam. 
Cooper, who also came into possession of the 
fishery as far up the river as the Pea Shore Com- 
pany's land, which was left to his son Benjamin, 
and by him, in 1842, to his son, Benjamin W., who, 
in 1852, sold the part in front of the tract of the 
Pavonia Land Association with the land, and 
within the next year or two the fishery from Pa- 
vonia to the Cove to David R. Maddock, whose 
heirs still own it. Later an exchange of land was 
made with William B. Cooper, by which he came 
into possession of the lower fishery, which he later 
sold to Moro Philips, whose heirs are still in pos- 
se.ssion. 

The Fish Point Fishery was in possession of 
Isaac Fish in 1762, and later came to his son, 
Charles Fish, and George L. Browning, and about 
1843 to Samuel Browning and is now owned by his 
heirs. 

Small fisheries along the river were owned by 
the Evauls and Morgans. 

The fishing-grounds along the Delaware River 
in Camden County are divided into two districts, 
of which the northern extends from Pensaukin 
Creek to Federal Street. John McCormick is fish 
warden. The catch for 1886, with the number of 
men employed and nets used, are here given, — 

Pavonia: David Bennet employs 80 men with a 
net of 300 fathoms ; catch, 8500 shad. From Pen- 
saukin to Coopers Point, 60 gill nets of 10,800 
fathoms are used ; 20,000 shad were caught. From 
Coopers Point to Federal Street, Camden, 8 gill 
nets were used and the catch was 2000 shad. 

Clubs. — Tammany Pea Shore Fishing Com- 
pany, composed of Philadelphians, about 1809, 



formed a company under the above name and pur- 
chased a few acres of land on the shores of the 
Delaware, at the place now known as " Pea Shore,'' 
on which thej' erected a brick club-house, which 
became a summer resort for the members and their 
friends. In 1834 the old house was remodeled and 
again in 1886. The original members are mostly 
numbered among the departed and the few that 
remain are well advanced in years. 

The Mozart Club, of Philadelphia, composed of 
twelve members, about 1869, purchased a plot of 
six acres, containing a dwelling-house lying on the 
river and near Beideman Station, which they fitted 
up as a club-house and grounds. A landing and 
a fine dancing floor were provided. 

The Beideman Club-House, a short distance be- 
low the Mozart Club-House, is leased by the Beide- 
man Club of Philadelphia. The club is composed 
of eight members, and was organized October 10, 
1878. The grounds were leased in 1879 of the 
Beidemans and the club took its name from the 
station near which it is situated. The house is the 
old Ross mansion. 

The Sparks Club-House, adjoining the above, is 
leased by the Sparks Club, of Philadelphia, com- 
posed of twelve members, who leased the grounds 
in 1884 and fitted up the house. 

Mabbett & Wiles' Hot-Houses. — An interest- 
ing and extensive industry is carried on by 
Messrs. Mabbett & Wiles at their vegetable or 
" truck " farm, where are located what are said to 
be the largest hot-houses in the United States. 
They have twenty-eight houses in all, each twenty- 
one feet in width and varying in length from forty- 
eight to three hundred feet. In fourteen of these 
houses Hamburg grapes are grown and the others 
are devoted to a general line of hot-house vegeta- 
bles for which a market is found in New York and 
Philadelphia and other cities of the Eastern and 
Middle States. The number of men employed is 
from ten to twenty-five, according to the season. 
The enterprise was established by Truman Mabbett 
Jr., in 1875, and Theodore Wiles became a part- 
ner in 1877. The firm has a place of business at 
130 Dock Street, Philadelphia. 



This is the title of a land association which 
was incorporated February 11, 1852, with eighty- 
five stockholders, principally wealthy citizens 
of Philadelphia. The company bought eighty 
acres of lawn ground, near the Delaware 
River, from Benjamin W. Cooper, and divided the 
same into nine hundred and sixty building lots. 
They also built a large wharf, at a cost of three 



THE TOWNSHIP OF STOCKTON. 



755 



thousand dollars, as the landing' to lie used for 
a lerry connecting with Philadelphia by boat. 
The stockholders gradually lost interest in the 
venture and the place was neglected for many 
years. No buildings were erected by the associ- 
ation. The first house built was by Camden City, 
in 1854, for the engineer of the City Water- 
Works. Recently the place has received a new 
impetus, through the efforts of Alfred Cramer, 
Esq., founder of Cramer Hill, who, since 1880, 
bought the interests of the principal stockholders, 
and has, in turn, sold the lots to persons who are 
building upon them and improving them. The 
town takes its name from the land association. 
Over one hundred lots have been sold, and the 
town is handsomely laid out with wide streets and 
is well provided with shade-trees. The main 
street is seventy feet wide and other streets sixty 
feet in width. The town contains the Camden 
Water-Works, reservoir and pumping station, a 
large mansion-house and grounds formerly occu- 
pied by Benjamin W. Cooper ; also one hotel and 
a few shops. There are about fifty neat and substan- 
tial dwellings, which are occupied by the owners, 
princijially mechanics who are employed in Cam- 
den and Philadelphia. Quite a number of dwell- 
ings are now in course of construction, and the 
rapid sale of lots gives great promise of improve- 
ment, both in number of buildings and population. 

There are three old brick mansions on the Dela- 
ware River front, opposite Petty 's Island, two of 
which belonged to the Cooper estate and were 
built many years ago by the father and grandfather 
of William B. Cooper, now a resident of Camden. 
Both of these buildings are situated in the 
town of Pavonia. The one nearest to Camden is a 
large, three-story brick mansion, with dormer win- 
dows, and built in the olden style. Upon the 
wall nearest the river, formed in black bricks, are 
the initials of the builder and date of erection, as 
follows : 

C 

S P 

17 9 

The house was built in 1790 by Samuel Cooper, 
the grandfather of William B. Cooper. At the 
present time (1886) it is occupied by Benjamin 
Engard. A short distance east of this mansion, 
and below the location of the celebrated Cooper 
shad fishery, is another old brick mansion. This 
mansion, built of old-fashioned bricks, is three 
stories high, or, as called in olden style, two stories 
and attic with dormer windows, and is nearly as 
large as the mansion occupied by Benjamin En- 



gard. When it was erected is unknown, but the 
old residents along the shore afiirni that it was 
built about 1771 or 1772. It is still occupied and 
is in excellent condition, and the extensive lawn 
surrounding it and extending to the river-banks 
is most carefully and neatly arranged, surrounded 
by large shade-trees, which conceal the building 
from view. A few rods distant, on the high bank, 
on the farm of Lemuel Horner (and now within 
the boundary of Cramer Hill), is probably the 
oldest mansion erected on the river-iVont, in Stock- 
ton township. This is a three-story building, 
forty by twenty feet, built of old English brick, 
with hip-roof and dormer windows. A frame ex- 
tension, two stories high and twenty feet square, 
was built on the west end in 1820, making the en- 
tire front sixty feet. The brick portion of the man- 
sion was built at different periods. Upon the west- 
ern wall, in large figures in black brick, is the date 
when built, — 1765. During the Revolution this 
house was the headquarters of the Tories, and while 
the British occupied Philadelphia many meetings 
and secret conventions between the British and 
Tories were held in it. 

The entire mansion is still in excellent preserva- 
tion. The present proprietor, Lemuel Horner, was 
born here in 18.32 and has since resided in the man- 
,sion, conducting the large farm belonging to the 
estate. Previous to 1832 it was occupied, for 
many years, by the Wood family. Jeremiah Fish 
and the Stone family also occupied it, but for how 
long a time is unknown. 

Two rods distant from the mansion, and on the 
estate, is a very old burial-place of halt an acre in 
extent, surrounded by a board fence, though 
somewhat neglected. It is known as the " Woods 
Burying-Ground." The remains of very many of 
the early settlers are entombed there. Very many 
of the early graves are unmarked, or have only 
large field-stones at the head and foot, and on 
many of the marble slabs still standing the surface 
of the stone is chipped and falling in scales, so 
that the record cannot be traced. A few, however, 
are still in a good state of preservation, and one 
in black marble, one hundred and twenty- four 
years old, as perfect, apparently, as when jdaced 
in position. 

The oldest legible inscription is "In worthy 
memory of Abigail, wife of Samuel Spicer, who 
departed this life ye 24th April, 1762, aged 26 
years and 7 months." Adjoining is a slab erected 
by John Keble, evidently many years later, " To 
Jacob, son of Samuel and Abigail Spicer, who 
died September 4, 1769, aged 24 years." A large 
tablet, lying flat, raised by brick-work about a 



756 



HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



foot from the ground, was erected " In memory of 
Abigail, wife of John Keble, who departed Aug- 
ust 27, lcS07, aged 60 years and 9 months." Others 
are as follows: Eleanor, wife of John Wessels, died 
1798, aged 28 years ; John Wessels, died 1827, aged 

55 years ; Henry Wood, died June 18, 1814, aged 

56 years and 9 months; Hannah, widow of Henry 
Wood, died August 23, 1856, aged 87 years, 9 
months ; Zaehariah Wood, died May 5, 1847, in 
his 54th year ; Eldridge, son of Henry and Han- 
nah Wood, October 1, 1814, in his eleventh year; 
AVilliam E., son of Henry and Hannah Woodi 
November 2, 1817, in his 21st year. The 
other graves are, many of them, designated by small 
low head-stones, without inscription or initial. 

Pavonia Station is on the line of the Amboy 
Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, at the junc- 
tion of the Mount Holly Railroad. The Burling- 
ton County Railroad trains also stop at the station. 
Tlie citizens of Pavonia, Cramer Hill and Wright- 
ville have easy access to this station. 

Wrightsville. — Thesite of this town is on the 
four hundred acre tract of land bought by Samuel 
Spicer of Samuel Coles, iu 1687, and passed to 
his son Thomas, and from him to his daughters, 
Rebecca and Sarah, who married, respectively, 
William Folwell and Joseph Cowperthwait, who 
settled at the place before the beginning of the 
present century. The residence of William Fol- 
well is now owned and occupied by Captain 
Emor D.French. The residence of Joseph Cowper- 
thwait stands on the east bank of Coopers Creek, 
a short distance north of the Federal Street bridge. 
It is still occupied as a dwelling, but is quite 
dilapidated. It was probably the residence of 
Thomas Spicer, the grandfather of Rebecca and 
Sarah. At this place a ferry across Coopers Creek 
was established by Samuel Spicer, about 1736, 
and in 1748 an effort was made to build a bridge, 
which was not successful until 1764. The main 
route of travel then passed over this ferry and 
bridge from Burlington to Philadelphia. The 
locality was known as Spicers Ferry, and later as 
Spicers Bridge. 

Between 1855 and 1873 a number of dwellings 
were built on Federal Street, near Coopers Creek, 
and occupied by John C. Gray, John Wright, 
William Starn, Joseph Folwell and Daniel Bishop, 
and until 1874 the village was called Spicerville. 
In 1874 John Wright, a prominent citizen of the 
village, laid out a large number of building lots, 
built many dwelling-houses and a town hall, with 
many other improvements, and the town has since 
been called Wrightsville. Since October, 1885, 
forty new brick dwellings have been built. 



It contains two large chemical works, the Over- 
brook Mills, one varnish manufactory, one bleach- 
ery and dye works, two general stores, two grocery 
stores, two saddler shops, two carriage and smith 
shops, one drug store, one bakery, one china store, 
one flour, grain and feed store, one large hotel and 
a post-oflice and ninety to one hundred private 
dwellings. There is also a large, substantial three- 
story brick hall, forty by sixty feet in dimensions, 
built by John Wright, for the convenience of the 
citizens as a hall for meetings of various kinds, 
also lodge-rooms and two public schools. The 
Camden transfer offices and the Stockton Rifle 
Range with the park and pavilion, are also located 
in Wrightsville. The largest portion of the town 
is built on both sides of Federal Street. The in- 
habitants number about six hundred. 

The large brick hotel in Wrightsville was built 
in 1877 for George Fifer, but was leased to John 
L. Smith, who conducted it until 1885, when it 
was sold to the present proprietor, John Berge. 
The post-office is located in the general store of 
Charles W. Scott, at Twenty-first and Federal 
Streets, who is also the present postmaster. He 
established this store in 1876 ; E. W. Bray opened 
his store nearer the creek in 1881 ; Jonas B. 
Clark started a grocery store some years ago ; 
Sharpless & Bro., have been established twelve 
years and are dealers in flour, grain, feed, seeds, 
etc. The Wrightsville District, formed from a part 
of the Rosendale District, has two schools. There 
are two teachers and one hundred and twenty 
scholars. 

Lodges. — Cyrene Castle, No. 8, Knights of the 
Golden Eagle, was instituted on November 26, 1885, 
with forty-four members. At the present time 
(1886) there are one hundred members, among 
whom are many of the leading men of Stockton 
township. 

The officers at institution were : P. C, George 
Williams; N. C, Andrew J.Morris; V. C, F. A. 
Buren ; H. P., Frederick Jones; V. H., David 
Ristine; M. of R., R. W. Dawson; C. of E., 
Howard E. Miller ; K. of E., George H. Gilbert ; 
Sir H., Alexander H. Dick. Present officers: P. 
C, Emmor D. French ; N. C, John D. Jeffries ; 
V. C, Simmons Watkins ; H. P., Thomas F. Tay- 
lor ; V. H., Jonathan McCardle; M. of R., Charles 
W. Scott; C. of E., William G. Crumley; K. of 
E., Allen Hubbs; S. H., David Austermuhl. 
Meets every Thursday night, at Wright's Hall, 
Wrightsville. 

Ionic Lodge, No. 2, Shield of Honor, was insti- 
tuted in April, 1886, with about forty members, and 
is increasing, having now over fifty members. 



THE TOWNSHIP OF STOCKTON. 



757 



The first physicinn in Wrightsville was Dr. Philip 
Beale, who located in ISTll and removed to 
Camden in 1884. Dr. H. H. Sherk is the only resi- 
dent physician. 

The Camden Transfer Line has its office at 
the corner of Eighteenth and Federal Streets. 
Samuel H. French is the proprietor, and it was es- 
tablished in September, 1876. There are two lines 
running from Market Street Ferry, Camden, to 
corner of Twenty-fourth and Federal Streets, and 
known as the Market Street line. Fifty-five horses 
and from twenty-five to thirty men are constantly 
employed in the running of a continual line of 
these coiaches, making the trip every I'orty 
minutes. The line has continued withimt inter- 
ruption since first started. The transfer lines carry 
from eighty to one hundred thousand excursionists 
yearly to Stockton Park and various places in the 
township. Captain Emmor D. Frenc his the general 
superintendent. 

CRAMER HILL. 

For many years previous to 1874 that portion 
of Cramer Hill first laid out into lots on the 
south was unoccupied. A small colony of colored 
people had located to the northeast, and nearer 
the river, and called their settlement East 
Camden. The only resident on South Cramer 
Hill was an old colored woman, known to the 
residents of Sjiicersville as Aunt Rosy. She had a 
small hut on the hill, and was in reality a squatter, 
having taken possession of the land which be- 
longed to Thomas F. McKeen. In 1874 Alfred 
Cramer and Joseph F. McMasters bought sixteen 
acres of McKean and laid out a town-plat with two 
hundred and forty building lots, and that year 
erected the first house and store at what is now 
the corner of Cooper Street and Westfield Avenue. 
Alfred Cramer occupied the dwelling, and early in 
1875 the first Baptist Sunday-school in Stockton 
township was organized in this building. The 
teachers were Mr. and Mrs. Price, Miss Lydia 
Wright, Miss Sallie Wright and Mrs. Alfred 
Cramer. In 1883 the First Baptist Church of 
Cramer Hill was organized. William F. Miller 
built the second dwelling house in 1875. 

In 1876 Joseph Cramer, brother of Alfred 
Cramer, bought the store and dwelling and opened 
a general store. The Sunday-school teachers, with 
the assistance of the Trinity Baptist Chnrch of 
Camden, built a frame Mission Cha])el and fitted 
it for school purposes. A large double frame house 
was built by the Kev. Sumner Hale, and two 
double houses were soon after erected for Isaac 
Stone, David B. Ristine, Charles E. Allen and Al- 
fred Cramer. Other earlv settlers were William 



Morse, John D. .leliVies, Henry Stoeckle and Alex- 
ander Dick. 

In 1884 Josei)h M. McMasters was appointed an 
Indian agent and removed to Nevada, and Alfred 
Cramer bought of Joshua R. .lones a tract of land 
and divided it into one hundred and twenty-five 
building lots, and of the Pitman heirs land for 
fifty lots, and in 1885 he bought land of Samuel 
H.French and laid off one hundred and thirty-five 
lots, and in the same year extended his lines over 
the line of the Camden and Amboy Railroad by 
the purchase of one hundred and sixteen acres of 
farm land from Lemuel Horner, which he divided 
into sixteen hundred building lots. The deed for 
this tract contains a clause preventing the sale of 
intoxicating drinks. In 1886 he bought of William 
B. Cooper land for one liuiidred and twenty lots 
and other mif-cellaneous lots, making altogether 
three thousand building lots. Of these, twelve 
hundred are sold to individuals who liave built 
and are building and improving the land. 

The town-plat is well laid out; the aveniu's and 
streets are graded and sixty feet wide, with shade- 
trees on each side; the dwellings are set back some 
distance from the street, and all buildings erected 
must be of the required standard ; hence all the 
residences are well designed and many fine build- 
ings are now to be seen in the town. Cramer 
Hill .at this time (1886) contains one drug store, 
five general stores, one shoe store, one printing 
house and a number ot small shops, and over two 
thousand inhabitants. Joseph Cramer conducted 
the first store in connection with the post office. 
Henry Stoeckle started the second store in 1883. 
There arc four schools, with alxjut three hundred 
scholars. 

The First Baptist Church of Cramer 
Hill is located on the corner of Cooper and 
Master Streets. This church is the outgrowth of a 
mission school, which was organized in the first 
store built in Cramer Hill, in 1875. For several 
years Clarence Woolston, a student of Bridgeton 
Seminary, and afterward a graduate of Crozer 
Theological Seminary, conducted services in the 
chapel, which was built in 1876. Wilson English, 
of Camden, and other students of Crozer occasion- 
ally assisted. In 1881 the Rev. Alfred Caldwell 
became the first regular pastor of the chapel. In 
September, 1883, the mifsion was organized by a 
conference of the delegates of the West Jersey 
Baptist Association, and among the constituent 
members were John I). Jeffreys and wife, Andrew 
Morris and wife, Thonuis Hollows and wife, Joseph 
Cramer and wife, William Frazicr and wife, Mr. 
and Mrs. Grilfen and Miss Lydia Stone. The Rev. 



758 



HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



A. J. Hay was called as pastor to the church, and 
at this time (1886) still ofiiciates. There are ninety 
regular members of the church, and two hundred 
and seventy scholars in the Sunday-school, under 
the care of Andrew Jenkins as superintendent. 
Miss Mary Hill is the organist of the Sunday- 
school. This congregation is now organizing a 
mission in North Cramer Hill, at the corner of 
Grant and Horner Avenues, where three building- 
lots have been donated for that purpose by Alfred 
Cramer, Esq. Lemuel Horner and Joseph Cramer, 
each contributing one hundred dollars, and a large 
number of the citizens have contributed smaller 
sums for the same purpose. The congregation is now 
preparing for the erection of the mission chapel. 

St. Wilfred Protestant Episcopal Chapel. 
— A number of the citizens of Cramer Hill, who 
were desirous of establishing a church of this de- 
nomination in the town, met at the house of Ar- 
thur Matthews, in 1884, and determined to con- 
tribute weekly sums as subscriptions toward the 
erection of a suitable place of worship. Among 
the contributors were Frederick Jones and wife, 
Arthur Mathews and wife, George Gilbert and 
wife, Edward Hankin and others. In 1885 suffi- 
cient funds were raised, and by September of that 
year Jeffreys & Jenkins, contractors, had completed 
a neat, one-story frame chapel, twenty by thirty- 
three feet and twenty-four feet high, with cupola 
and bell. It was dedicated September 27, 1885, by 
Bishop Scarborough. Ministers were supplied 
until October, 1885, when the Rev. H. B. Bryan 
became the rector. A Sunday-school was also early 
in progress. At the present time (1886) there are 
forty-three members of the church, and fifty-one 
teachers and scholars in the Sunday-school, with 
Frederick Jones as superintendent. 

The Hosanna Methodist Episcopal Church 
(colored), at Cramer Hill, originated from a series 
of religious meetings held in the house of Miss 
Hetty VVaples, on Saunders Street, in 18G2. Nine 
persons became members of this meeting under 
the ministration of Elder Peter Gardiner. In 1863 
these meetings were held at the houses of John Col- 
lins and Peter Walters. Caleb Walters, the father 
of Peter, was an earnest worker, and was known as 
the founder of the "Little Hosanna Church," as 
it was called, a small, one-story frame building, 
sixteen by twenty feet in size, built on Saunders 
Street. In this church the congregation worship- 
ped until 1871, when Elder William Grimes re- 
built the church and enlarged it to twenty by forty 
feet in dimensions. The pastors who have been 
assigned to this congregation are the Revs. Peter 
Gardiner, Henry Davis, Joseph Stewart, George 



E. Boyer, Francis Hamilton, Theodore Gould, 
James Watson, Jeremiah Turpin, William Grimes, 
John Cornish, I. J. Hill, Isaac I. Murray, Jeremiah 
Pierce, Robert Dunn, George A. Othello, Benja- 
min Timothy, Isaac J. Hill, Littleton Sturgis, 
George A. Mills, John Whitecar and Francis F. 
Smith, the present pastor. There are twenty-seven 
members. The Sunday-school has been in progress 
since the formation of the church. William L. 
White was superintendent for several years. At 
this time (1886) there are thirty-nine teachers and 
scholars in the Sunday-school, with Wilson W^at- 
son as superintendent and George Price assistant 

Union Mlssion, at Cramer Hill, also called the 
Aurora Church, was built through the influence of 
Mrs. Francis Maxtield in 1885. Meetings had been 
held in her house four years previously, and 
through her efforts and by small contributions of 
the colored citizens, a small, one-story frame mis- 
sion chapel, twelve by eighteen feet in dimensions, 
was built. The Rev. James Chamberlain was the 
first minister; he was succeeded by the Rev. James 
Bowser. In 1884 the Rev. William Camomile was 
sent as pastor, and in 1886, the present minister, the 
Rev. James K. Johnson, officiates. There are but 
few members of this church. The Sunday-school 
is under the care of Mrs. Cassie Stewart as super- 
intendent. 

Alfred Cramer is a descendant of David Cra- 
mer, a native of England who emigrated from Eng- 
land to this country with his wife about the middle 
of the eighteenth century, settled on Long Island 
and there followed his trade of a moulder. He 
had eight children, — Jeremiah, David, Isaac, 
Joseph, John, Mary, Abigail and Elizabeth. 

When Joseph, the fourth son, who was born in 
1780, was eight years old, his father removed to 
Cumberland County, N. J., when he continued his 
occupation. Joseph became noted for his skill in 
mathematics, was self-educated, taught the English 
branches in the schools of Philadelphia, and other 
places, and later in life published an astronomical 
map. Joseph married Deborah, daughter of David 
Van Hook, of Port Elizabeth, N. J., who owned the 
mill at Schooner Landing, where he and his 
wife died, each at the advanced age of nearly one 
hundred years. Their children were David, John, 
Joseph, Isaac, Selinda, Rachel and Mary. 

Isaac Cramer, the fourth son, and father of 
Alfred Cramer, was born near Blackwood, N. J., 
April 22, 1820. When sixteen years old he was 
apprenticed to the wheelwright trade in Philadel- 
phia with William Haskins, on Maiden Street, 
between P'ront and Frankford. After completing 
his apprenticeship he returned to New Jersey, 





rr^i 



X VY'DcAA^JMr 



THK TOWNSHIP OK STOCKTON. 



759 



locating at Kinzeytown (alterwards Creesville), 
where he worked for Joseph Monroe. In 1841, 
he married Mary, daughter of Ephraiin and 
Anna Bee, of Bee Corner, now called Salina. 
They had four children, — Hiram, a member of Ihe 
Twelfth New Jersey Veteran Volunteer Infantry, 
who was killed at the battle of Chancellors- 
ville, Va. ; Joseph, married Elizabeth, daughter of 
John and Mary A. Merrill, of Woodbury, N. J., 
and is in business at Cramer's Hill ; Mary died at 
the age of thirteen; and Alfred, who married Pris- 
cilla A., daughter of John and Elizabeth Wright, 
of Camden, by whom he had five children, — 
Alfred, Ida M., Eydia P. (ileceased), Estella I. and 
Lois V. 

Alfred Cramer was the second child, and was 
born near Blackwood, December 12, 1844. He 
remained with his father upon the farm until he 
was of age. Farm-work did not suit his taste, and 
he became a canvasser for books. This proved a 
valuable experience to him and helped to fit him 
'for a business career. His father opened for him a 
store in Creesville, which he conducted for five 
years. After that he came to Camden, where he 
engaged in the coal business with his father-in- 
law, John Wright, for four years. About this 
time he turned his attention to real estate, and 
began to purchase land with a view to laying out a 
town, and Cramer's Hill is the result. 

Mr. Cramer carried through his plans against 
the advice of friends, and his success is due to 
patient industry and faith in his undertaking. 
He has sold five hundred lots to families, many of 
which were paid for in monthly installments, and 
many are now owned by skilled mechanics and 
tradesmen doing business in Philadelphia. Mr. 
Cramer is still adding largely to his original pur- 
chase. 

DUDLEY 

is a small village southeast from Cramer 
Hill, and on the line of the Burlington County 
Railroad. It takes its name from the Hon. 
Thomas H. Dudley. There are from twelve to 
fifteen fine residences in the village, includ- 
ing the large mansion and buildings of the 
Hon. Thomas H. Dudley, and known as "The 
Grange," also one church, one store and one physi- 
cian's office. The general store was started by the 
present owner, J. S. Corkhill, in 1885. Dr. Jerome 
L. Artz, who located in Dudley in 1885, was born 
in Ganges, Richland County, Ohio, in 1859; was 
educated in the schools of his native place; com- 
menced the study of medicine with Dr. G. W. 
Kester in 1875, and entered the Homieopathic 
Hospital College at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1877 ; in 



1878 removed to Philadelphia and entered the 
Hahnemann Medical College, and graduated there- 
from in the class of 1881. He was assistant at 
this college and the Children's Hospital until 1885, 
when he removed to Dudley. 

The cemetery belonging to the Churcli of the 
Immaculate Conception of Camden is located in 
the western portion of Dudley, between the Moores- 
town pike and Westfield Avenue. The area is 
about si.\ acres, neatly inclosed and hand.somely 
laid out in square lots, and wide avenues leading 
to the main drive. 

Merchantvili.e.— The town is situated on the 
Amboy Division of the Camden and Mount Holly 
Railroad, about four miles east of Camden ; the 
turnpike leading from Camden to Moorestown 
passes through the town. It contains a population 
of about six hundred, and is largely the residence 
of people iu business in Camden and Philadelphia. 
It has a post-office, town hall, depot, telegraph 
and express offices, school-house, four churches 
(Methodist, Presbyterian, Episcopal and African 
Methodist) and a large boarding-house situated iu 
Oak Grove. 

The village prior to 1850 contained only the 
buildings of the farm and tenant-houses of the 
Rudderow family. Soon after that time Alexander 
G. Cattell purchased theplot of ground containing 
the old house built by John Rudderow in 1804, which 
he tore down and erected on its site his residence. 
In 1856 Amos Rudderow, whoowned the farm, sold 
to Jacob Bunting, ten acres of land on tlie south 
side of the pike, for the i)urpose of laying it out 
into lots. He erected a house, now the property of 
Mr. Whickall, a spice merchant of Philadelphia. 
Soon after the Hon. A. G. and E. G. Cattell, John 
Loutz and David E. Stetson purchase*! twenty 
acres of land on the uorth side of the pike, where 
each erected a mansion. Iu 1858 the same persons 
bought seventy-five acres, the balance of the Amos 
Rudderow farm. About the same time A. G. and 
E. G. Cattell purchased the old Coopers woods, on 
the north side of the railroad, cleared it of stumps 
and laid it out into lots and began selling. In 
1853 the Stockton Hotel was erected on the turn- 
pike, which was kept by Benjamin Martin until 
1885. About 18C0 a school-house was erected and 
used until the erection of the present commodious 
house. The old house is now used as a drug-store. 
The first store iu town was kept by Charles W. 
Starn, and is now owned by Benj. II. Browning, 
and is the residence of Dr. D. W. Bartine, who 
was the first resident physician and is still in prac- 
tice there. 

A town hall, forty by sixty feet, two stories in 



760 



niSTOHY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



height, was erected in 1870 at a cost of eight thou- 
sand dollars. 

Methodist Episcopal Chuech. — In 1863 an 
effort was made to build a church at the place, 
which failed. In the fall of 1885 David S. Stetson, 
Chas. W. and Jos. A. Starn, members of Bethel 
Church, residing at Merchantville, called a meet- 
ing of the citizens, which met at the old school- 
house and organized by electing as trustees 1). S- 
Stetson, Mathias Homer, E. G. Cattell, Thomas 
Sinex, Isaac Hinchman, Charles W, and Jose|ih 

A. Starn. A subscription was at once opened and 
two thousand dollars was subscribed, which was 
increased to six thousand dollars. A building 
committee was appointed. Lots for a church and 
parsonage were donated by James C. Finn, and a 
church building begun, which was completed in 
the spring of 1866, and dedicated in March by 
Bishop Matthew Simpson. The pastor at the time 
was the Rev. R. S. Harris. He was succeeded by 
the Revs. David H. Shoch, Wm. W. Moffatt, Ed- 
ward Hewitt, Wm. Boyd, R. J. Andrews, George 

B. White, J. E. Price, Nelson McNicholl, William 
McCowen, W. S. Bernard and J. B. Rogers, who is 
the present pastor. 

The Sunday-school was begun by David S. Stet- 
son, in his own house, and later held in the school - 
house, and upon the completion of the church the 
meeting-place was changed to that building. 

The First Presbyterian Church was erected 
at a cost of about eight thousand dollars in 1874. 
The congregation was under the pastoral care of 
the Rev. Nathaniel L. Upham from its organiza- 
tion to September, 1884, when the Rev. M. C. 
Wood, the present pastor, assumed the charge. 
The church has a member-hip of sixty-seven. 

Grace Episcopal Church. — A small band of 
this denomination was gathered in the Town 
Hall in 1873, and organized into a church. Services 
were supplied by appointment by the bishop from 
Philadelphia. The congregation was weak for 
several years, but in 1880 a better spirit prevailed, 
Grace Parish was erected and the present chapel 
built. In February, 1883, the Rev. R. G. Moses 
was selected as rector of the parish, and is now in 
charge. There are about one hundred and twenty 
in the parish and fifty-six communicants. 

The Post-Office was established in 1866, with 
Chas. W. Starn as postmaster. The following 
persons have officiated as postmasters : John W. 
Kaighn, Richard Shreiner, Mrs. R.Shrciner, Wm. . 
Kirby, E. L. Shiun and the present incumbent, 
Gottlieb Mich. 

iNCORPOEATloN.^The village was incorporated 
March 3, 1874, with Mathias Homer as burgess, 



and Jas. Millinger, Elijah G. Cattell, D. T. Gage, 
Jos. Baylis, E. S. Hall, T. C. Knight and C. E. 
Spangler as the first Council, Mr. Homer con- 
tinued as burgess until 1886, when he was suc- 
ceeded by John H. AVilkinson. The justices of 
the peace since the incorporation of the borough 
have been Richard Shreiner, Wm. Sheldrake, 
John Potts, E. J. Spangler, E. L. Shinn and Jos. 
Baylis. 

The Stockton Sanitarium, for the treatment 
and care of persons suffering from nervous affec- 
tions, and for mild cases of mental disease, is 
located at Merchantville, New Jersey, and was 
opened for patients October 29, 1884. The build- 
ings stand one hundred feet above the elevation 
of the Delaware River, in grounds containing 
eleven acres, divided into shade, lawn and garden. 
They are handsomely, as well as comfortably fur- 
nished. All unnecessary restraint is removed, the 
appearance of an asylum avoided, and a degree of 
freedom is allowed which would be impossible 
where large numbers are congregated. It is wholly 
a private establishment and has no board of direc- 
tors or trustees. There are separate buildings for 
the sexes, which gives the patients very consider- 
able more freedom than could be extended if all 
were in one building. Dr. S. Preston Jones was 
the founder of the institution, and is still its pro- 
prietor. 

Stockton Rifle Range, when first established 
by Samuel H. French, in 1866, contained forty- 
three and one- half acres of ground in Wrightsville. 
The range proper is provided with the best im- 
proved batteries and firing grounds in the United 
States. As originally built, it contained ranges up 
to one thousand yards distance ; but as this was 
seldom used, it was deemed advisable to reduce it 
to six hundred yards. The New Jersey and Penn- 
sylvania Rifle Clubs and teams, the Pennsylvania 
National Guards and other national military com- 
panies meet at this place, and the range is provided 
with magazines and closets for the exclusive use 
of the different State organizations. 

Stockton Park. — Soon after the rifle range 
was started an additional forty-six and one-half 
acres of ground was laid out in connection with 
the grounds of the range, as a park and pleasure 
resort, making the park ninety acres in extent. 
The original buildings were altered and a large 
pavilion, fifty by one hundred feet in dimensions, 
erected, a hall for roller-skating, etc. In 1885 
Emmor D. French, the superintendent, had con- 
structed an artificial lake, covering twenty-one 
acres of ground. This lake is only three feet in 
depth, and is provided with pleasure boats, one 



THE TOWNSHIP OF STOCKTON. 



761 



being a large boat (lesigned to carry fifty children 
at one time. The park is the favorite resort of the 
many cricket clubs, lawn-tennis parties and excur- 
sionists of Camden and vicinity. 

Pensaukin is a small settlement on the Jor- 
dantown road, adjoining the borough limits. It 
■was farm lands of the Cattells and William Pigeon, 
and about eight years ago lots were oti'ered for sale, 
which were bought slowly by artisans, who have 
built small but comfortable and convenient resi- 
dences. It is being substantially built up by actual 
residents, and is a station on the railroad. 

HoMESTEADViLLE.— In July, 1852, two hundred 
lots were laid out south of Merchantville (which at 
that time was just begun) and on the Whiskey 
road. It was a tract of laud about six hundred 
by fifteen hundred feet, having three streets run- 
ning lengthwise and three crosswise. The lots 
were not sold readily, but eventually some of them 
were purchased by colored people. The growth 
of the place did not reach the expectations of its 
founders. 

SoRDENTOWN. — Not far from where Pensaukin 
is situated, and on the road from the old ''Spread 
Eagle Tavern " to the Union School-house, 
Thomas Clement, in 1850, laid out thirty-seven 
lots, which were sold mostly to colored people, 
and which are still held by them. 

JOEDANTOWN. — On the road from Merchant- 
ville to Fork Landing, and on the old Rudderow 
lands, several lots were laid out about 1840, and 
in 1846, when that road was opened, it passed 
through the place, where, there were four or five 
houses and a Methodist Episcopal Church, occu- 
pied by colored people. From that time the place 
grew slowly, and is now quite a settlement, with a 
school-house and neat Methodist Church. In 
former times yearly " Bush Meetings," as they were 
called, were held in some of the groves, which were 
cleared of underbrush for the purpose. These occa- 
sions called the old and young from far and near. 
The Rev. Benjamin Stokeley and the Rev. Isaac 
llinson were among the early and prominent 
ministers who had charge of the meetings and 
congregation. 

Delair. — The new village of Delair is situated 
about four miles from Camden, on the Delaware 
River and Pennsylvania Railroad, in this town- 
ship. 

Jacob L. Gross, a Lancaster lawyer, moved here 
with his family in 1868, and soon thereafter pur- 
chased ten acres from the Browning estate and 
ten acres from Isaac Adams, upon which he built 
three cottages, and his son, Dr. Onan B. Gross, 



The new town made no furtlier progress, how- 
ever, for the next few years, when IJartram L. 
Ronsall, then publisher of The Camden Post, and 
John Zimmerman, of Pensaukin, in December, 
1885, purchased one hundred and eleven acres, 
being the farm of Israel B. Adams, son of Isaac 
Adams, of whom the ten acres had been purchased 
by Jacob L. (jross seventeen years before. 

Messrs. Zimmerman and Bonsall immediately 
laid the land off into building hits, and during 
the summer of 1886 sold a large number of them, 
aggregating in value nearly twenty thousand 
dollars. Several new houses were constructed 
and the village bids fair to become a popular 
suburban place of residence. The situation is 
delightful, and the ground very high, overlooking 
the river. The name Delair was given by the 
late Colonel Isaac S. Buckelew, the two syllables 
signifying Delaware air. During the fall of 1886 
workmen cleared away brush, cut down trees, 
graded avenues and terraced a high bluff along 
the railroad. Three hundred Carolina poplar- 
trees were planted, one every twenty-five feet, 
over the entire tract, thus marking the avenues 
and insuring a grateful shade in the future. 

MANUFACTURING. 

The manufactories of this township, with two 
or three possible exceptions — as the brick and terra- 
cotta works at Pea Shore — may be regarded as a 
portion of the industrial overflow of Camden, 
being mostly near the city and all having offices 
there. This is also true of those located farthest 
away, as, for instance, Augustus Reeves' establish- 
ment. 

The Pea Shore Brick and Terra-Cotta 
Works are located at Fish House Station, on the 
Amboy Div. of the Pennsylvania R. R. The works, 
with tho clay-pits near by, occupy forty-five acres 
fronting on the Delaware River, and prior to 1866 
were used for the burning of red bricks only. Soon 
thereafter the present proprietor, Augustus Reeve, 
obtained entire control of the works, and in 1877 
erected the fire-brick and terra-cotta department, 
there being on the grounds a large deposit of fire- 
brick and pipe-clay, and,so far as known, the only 
deposit south of Woodbridge, Middlesex County, 
N. J. There are two distinct departments at these 
works — the red brick manufactoi-y and that for the 
making of fire-brick and terra-cotta ware. The 
first, with the kilns, sheds and machinery, cover 
one and a half acres of ground and contains a 
Chambers patent brick-machine, capable of pro- 
ducing thirty thousand to thirty-five thousand 
bricks daily, and is driven by an engine of sixty 



762 



HISTORl' UF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 



horse-power. There are three large kilns capa- 
ble of burning two hundred thousand bricks each. 
The terra-cotta works are one hundred and thirty- 
four by sixty feet, with an L extension forty by 
forty-five feet, and the machinery of this de- 
pai'tnient requires an engine of thirty horse-power. 
It is fitted up with tempering-mill, stampers and 
presses for the manufacture of fire-brick, pipe, tile 
and terra-cotta ware of various kinds ; the products 
are sold to the home market and shipped to many 
States, and large quantities of the fire-brick clay 
are sent to various fire-brick works in Philadelphia. 
Sixty hands are employed. Branch siding of the 
Amboy Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, 
which runs tlirough tlieir grounds, together with 
four hundred feet of wharfage on the river-front, 
aflbrds them ample facilities for shipping by rail or 
water in all directions. The ofHce and warehouse 
is at No. 31 Market Street, Camden, where a large 
supply of manufactured stock is stored. 

The Fairview Brick- Works are located at 
Pea Shore, on the river-front, three miles above 
Camden, and cover an area of ten acres. They 
were originated in 1869, by Stone, Hatch & Co. In 
1871 Hugh Hatch and Joseph Hatch, brothers, 
bought the entire grounds and buildings, and they 
have since conducted the business under the firm- 
name of Hatch & Brother. There are four large 
buildings upon the grounds, in which are the differ- 
ent departments for the manufacture of hard, 
strecher, paving and salmon brick. The mill proper 
is fitted up with a Chambers & Brothers brick- 
machine, which has a capacity for making thirty- 
five thousand to fifty thousand bricks a day. The 
average speed and production is seventy bricks a 
minute. The clay is dumped by the car-load into 
the reservoir of the machine, which mixes and 
tempers it before it enters the dies. From the dies 
the bricks pass on an endless belt to the drying- 
rooms in the main building,which is built of brick, 
sixty by three hundred feet in size and twenty- 
seven feet high, with an annex one hundred and ten 
by one hundred and fifteen feet, and of the same 
height. There are four arched kilns inclosed in the 
structure, having a capacity of three hundred and 
fifty thousand bricks each. The drying-rooms are on 
the second floor, above the kilns, and are capable 
of drying five hundred thousand bricks at one time. 
Between April 10, 1885, and April 10, 1886, there 
were made at the works seven million bricks 
with one machine. In 1882 patents were grant- 
ed the proprietors for the improved kilns of 
their own design and invention. On November 
23, 1883, the works were destroyed by fire, but were 
rebuilt in 1884, and greatly increased in size. The 



machinery requires a sixty horse-power engine, 
supplied by four large boilers. The works be- 
ing inclosed, the business is conducted through- 
out the entire year. Sixty hands are constantly 
employed. The firm has a large trade and excel- 
lent facilities for shipping by vessels from their 
own wharf on the river-front, and on the Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad. The main office of these works 
is at No. 17 Kaighn Avenue. 

The Overbrook Mills, corner of Seventeenth 
and Stevens Streets, Camden, covering an area of 
three acres, were commenced in 1879 by Richard 
Williamson & Co., for the manufacture of worsted 
coatings, linings and dress goods. Four large 
brick buildings are used by this company for dif- 
ferent branches of the goods made. In the mill 
proper, new and improved machinery is used for 
combing, drawing and spinning the raw material, 
and the weaving-sheds are specially constructed 
with top and north light. There is also a large 
wash and dry-house, a warehouse for storage of 
wool and a brick engine-house. On August 20, 
1885, the mills were totally destroyed by fire at a 
loss of sixty-two thousand dollars, partly covered 
by insurance, but within six months they were 
rebuilt and in complete running order. New and 
automatic machinery was introduced for the 
manipulation of the finest grades of mohair and 
alpaca yarns, which are used for making braids, 
" seal-skins " and all kinds of fancy goods which 
require lustrous yarns. The machinery of the dif- 
ferent departments is operated by two sixty horse- 
power engines, with three large tubular boilers. 
Two hundred and twenty hands are employed. 
The products of the mills are sold throughout the 
entire United States, and the company are im- 
porters as well as merchants and manufacturers. 
The store and main oflice is at No. 20 Strawberry 
Street, Philadelphia. 

J. L. Cragin & Co., soap manufacturers, began 
business at the corner of Seventeenth and Federal 
Streets in 1879. The firm had for many years 
conducted the same business in Philadelphia. 
They make exclusively "Dobbins' Electric Soap" 
and "Bradford's Fig Soap" for woolen and worsted 
manufacturers. The grounds occupied are two 
hundred by three hundred feet. The main build- 
ing is L-shaped, three stories in height, with 
basement. It extends one hundred and twenty 
feet on Federal Street, and one hundred and 
seventy feet on Seventeenth Street. There are 
also stables and sheds connected with the estab- 
lishment. The motor is an engine of thirty horse- 
power, with two flue boilers rated at thirty horse- 
power each. The company has a paid-in capital 




a.'C^o^- ^ ■ G 



THE TOWNSHIP OF STOCKTON. 



r63 



of five hundred thousand dollars. One hundred 
hands are employed. The trade is large and ex- 
tends throughout the United States, Canada, Ger- 
many aud Cuba, with branch offices in Philadel- 
phia, Boston, New York, Chicago, Cleveland and 
Cincinnati. 

The United States Chemical Company, 
manufacturers of chemicals and fertilizers, was in- 
corporated in 1875, with William J. Jordan, presi- 
dent; George T. Lewis, vice-president; and E. R. 
Jenks, secretary and treasurer. The company owns 
an area of thirteen acres, on which are located 
twelve buildings, which are supplied with the 
necessary machinery and appliances for the manu- 
facture of their special products. Three large 
engines, equivalent to two thousand seven hundred 
horse-power, are required to run the large machin- 
ery for crushing and preparing the phosphates 
and fertilizers. From seventy to eighty men are 
constantly employed. An extensive business is 
done, and ample facilities are afforded for shipping 
by vessels on Coopers Creek, or over the Camden 
aud Amboy Railroad, which is extended along the 
grounds of the works. 

The Atlantic Dye and Finishing Works 
were erected in 1882, and the same year began 
operation at the corner of Sixteenth and Stevens 
Streets. Captain Somers founded this industry, but 
conducted it only for a short time. In 1883 Comly 
J. Mather leased the works, and has since done a 
prosperous business. The dye-house and tinishing- 
raill occupy an area of one hundred and thirty 
by eighty feet, with front on Stevens Street, and 
are furnished with the necesnary apparatus for 
dyeing and finishing cotton and woolen goods ; 
eight small engiues are used for running the 
special machines, and the general machinery is 
driven by an engine of twenty-five horse-power. 
The nine engines combined have sixty horse- 
power. Thirty workmen are coristantly employed. 
The works prepare a large amount of finished 
material for New Jersey, Pennsylvania and adja- 
cent States. • 

The Philadelphia Dye- Works and Bleach- 
ERY, on JeSerson Street, above Broadway, covering 
an entire square, were established in 1883 by 
Robert H. Comey, who had started a similar in- 
dustry in Philadelphia in 1882. There are seven 
bleaching-houses, one dry-house, one dye-house, 
and one stable located upon the grounds. A 
successful trade has been established, which 
extends through the Middle and the Western 
States. 

A Varnish Manufactory, for the production 
of the tine grades of carriage and car varnishes, 



drying japans, etc., was erected by C. Schrack & 
Co., on the Moorestown pike, near Coopers Creek, 
during the year 1869. 

biographical. 

Ex-United States Senator Alexander G. Cattell, 
who has his home in this township, is a son of 
Thomas W. Cattell, and was born at Salem, N. J. 
February 12, 1816, where he obtained his educa- 
tion. On arriving at manhood he engaged in 
mercantile pursuits, which he followed in his 
native town until 1S4G. He was elected to the 
New Jersey Legislature in 1840, when but twenty- 
four years of age, and was clerk of the House in 
1842-43. In 1844 he was a member of the conven- 
tion to revise the State Constitution, aud the 
youngest member of that body. 

In 1846 he went to Philadelphia and has been 
engaged in mercantile pursuits and banking in 
that city ever since, although he removed his resi- 
dence to MerchantviUe, N. J., in 18G3. He waa 
a member of both branches of councils, one of the 
early presidents of the Corn Exchang e Association , 
and in 1857 organized the Corn Exchange Bank, 
of which he was for thirteen years president. He 
was elected United States Seuator firom New Jer- 
sey, in 1866, to succeed Hon. J. P. Stockton, and 
on account of ill health declined a second term. 
He served in the Senate on the Finance Com- 
mittee aud was chairman of the Library Commit- 
tee. He was appointed by President Grant as a 
Commissioner of the District of Columbia, but de- 
clined the ofliie. Later his services were brought 
into requisition on the first board of Civil Service 
Commissioners, of which George William Curtis 
was chairman, and at the end of two years resign- 
ed to accept the position of Financial agent of the 
United States in London, to conduct the refunding 
of the six per cent bonds at a lower rate of inter- 
est. He spent one year in London in this work 
and succeeded in refunding $100,000,000 at five per 
cent. General Grant regarded him as one of his 
wisest advisers and best friends. At this time Mr. 
Cattell is a hale and active man of afliiirs, engaged 
in a number of business enterprises confined chiefly 
to New Jersey. He has just been chosen president 
of the New Jersey TrustandSafeDepositCompany, 
of Camden, the first institution of the kind formed 
in his native State. One of Mr. Cattell's marked 
peculiarities is his power of attracting and holding 
the friendship and confidence of men in all stations 
of life in which he has been placed— a quality 
which is due in part to the unswerving honesty 
and fidelity of his nature and conduct in all the 
relations of life, and in part to that rare possession 
called personal magnetism. 



INDEX. 



Achllft, J. N.,282. 

Ackley, Henry, 279. 

Adoption of the first State ConBtitutiou, 44. 

Agriculture in Cainden Connty, 385. 

Alberlson, Chnlkley, 673. 

Albort»on Family, the, &48. 

AlbertBon, S. C, 016. 

AlmBhoiiee, 184. 

Ancora, 696. 

Andrews, J. R., 301. 

AndrewB, P. W., 302, 

Anthony, II. B., 534. 

Argns, the AIco, 330. 

Armetrong, E. A., 2.33. 

Armstrong, James A., 282. 

Assessors, 438. 

Associate Judges of Supreme Court, 201. 

Associations: Building and Loan of Cam- 
dan, 549; Old Military of Camden, 
553 ; of Gloucester City, 601. 

Aspdian, Mathias, 610. 

Atco, 665. 

Atkinson, Thomas B,, 432. 

Atlantic Dye and Finishing Works, 763. 

Attorneys, dates of admission to bar, 205 ; 
biographies of, 216. 

Authors and scientists, 330. 

Autographs of early settlers, 424. 

Ayers, James W., 433. 

B. 

Baird, David, 518. 

Banes, S. T., 297. 

Banks and Banking, 454 ; First bank, the, 
4.54 ; Stale and National, laws govern- 
ing, 454 ; National State. 4&5; Farmers' 
and Mechanics', 461 ; First National, 
462; Camden Safe Dep. Co., 465; Cam- 
den National, 466. 

Bar Association, Camden Co., 236, 

Barrows, George, 270. 

Bartino, D. Bedding, 290. 

Bates, William, 643, 728. 

Batesville, 730. 

Beale, P. W., 295. 

Beatty, Inrine C, 626. 

Boldon, S. W., 235. 

Bench and Bar, 196. 

Benjamin, Bowling, 292, 

Bell, Ezra C, 393. 
764 



Bennett, ToIneyG., 516. 

liergen, Christopher A., 228. 

Bergen, Martin V., 227. 

Bergen, Samuel D., 232. 

Berkeley, Lord, 21-23. 

Berlin, 660. 

Birdsell, Sylrester, 278. 

Bishop, W. S., 2.S0. 

Black, Alfred L., Jr., 2.34. 

Blackwood, 682. 

Blackwood, B. W., 267. 

Blackwood, John, 240. 

Blackwood, Thomas R., 303, 

Blackwood, W. P., 236. 

Blackwell, Robert, 331. 

Blake, D. W., 292. 

Bloomfleld, Samuel, 241. 

Blue Auchor, 696. 

Bonsall, Henry L., 326-338. 

Bonwill, H. G., 297. 

Borton, Joshna E.. 236. 

Botany, 2. 

Botanists, .138. 

Brace, F. R., 308, 318. 

Bladdock, 696. 

Braddock, Elwood, 632. 

Bradsbaw, Claudius W,, 434, 

Braker, Benj., M. 579. 

Branin, Henry E., 285. 

Brown, David B., 192. 

Brown, David S., 590. 

Browning, Abraham, 217. 

Brownlug, A M,, 158. 

Browning, Maurice, 528. 

Browning, R. M., 229. 

Brownings, the, 750. 

Browustown, 680. 

Bryant, J. K., 302. 

Bndd, Paul C, 432. 

Buchanan, John, 241. 

Buckwalter, Geoffrey, 338. 

Builders, .'i47. 

Building inspector*, 439. 

Building and Loan Associations, 548, 540. 

Burrough, Edward, 194. 

Burrough, John, 721. 



Cade, Captain John, 79. 
Camden City ; 

Early history of, 403 ; early and 



present census, 404; early settle- 
ment and transfers of land, 404, 
415; Cooper, Kaighn and Mickle fam- 
lies, 408-18; village of CJimden, 419 ; 
Coopers Hill, 419 ; Kaighn estate, 420 ; 
Fettersville, 421; Stockton, 423; 
Kaighnsville, 423 ; autographs of early 
settlers, 424 ; hicorpor^tipn, 425 ; the 
charter, 425 ; supplements to, 426 ; new 
charter, 426; boundaries of, 427; 
wards, 428 ; early oficors, 428 ; first 
city hall, 428 ; new city hall, 429 ; 
mayors, 430; City Councils, 434; tax 
receivers, 436 ; recorders and presi- 
dents of City Council, 436 ; assessors, 
438 ; solicitors, 438 ; other officers, 
439 ; water works, 439 ; fire compa- 
nies and firemen, 440 ; hook-and-lad- 
der, 441 ; fire-engine companies, 441, 
442, 444; Camden in 1815, 444 ; early 
business interests, 444 ; Camden in 
1824, 446 ; assessments, 447 ; interest- 
ing facts and incidents, 448 ; banks 
and banking, 454 ; churches, 467 ; 
schools. 497 ; Newton Juvnnilo Debat- 
ing Society, 505 ; Worthington Library 
Co., 505 ; private schools, 506 ; Orphan- 
age, the West Jersey, 506 ; manufac- 
turing interests, 507; lumber, 510; 
oil-cloth manufacturers, 519 ; woolen 
and worsted mills, 523 ; post-offlce, 
.5.38 ; market-bouses ; 638 ; insurance 
companies, 544 ; gas-light company, 
645 ; street railway, 545 ; telephone, 
546 ; building and building associa- 
tions, 547 ; cemeteries, 553 ; tornado, 
554 ; cyclone, 555 ; hotels, 556 ; socie- 
ties, fi58. 
Camden 'County ; 

Court.houses, 183; almshouse, 184; 
civil list, 186 ; boundaries of, 1 ; sur- 
face of, 1 ; county buildings, 181 ; 
streams of, 1 ; erection of, 179 ; bench 
and bar, 196 ; courts of, 202 ; medical 
history, 237 ; Camden City. 403 ; Had- 
donfleld, 608 ; Gloucester City, 682 ; 
lladdon township, 636 ; Waterford 
township, G65 ; Winslow township, 
694 ; Gloucester township, 672 ; Dela- 
ware township, 713 ; Stockton town- 
ship, 739 ; Centre township, 704. 



INDEX. 



r65 



Camden insurance compnnjpg, 544. 

Camden and Philadelphia Rare Course, 652. 

Camden County Medical Society, 244. 

Camden City Medical Society, 259. 

Camden City Dispensarj', 261. 

Camden Homoeopatliic Hospital and Dispensary 
307. 

Camden Democrat, .12:1. 

Camden County Courier, 327. 

Camden County Journal, 328. 

Camden and Amboy Riiilroad, 349. 

Camden and Atlantic Railroad, 353. 

Camden and AVoodbury Railroad, .357. 

Camden and Burlington County Railroad, 357 

Camden and Haddonfield Railroad, 3.58. 

Camden, Gloucester and Mount Kphraim Rail 
road, 358. 

Camden County Pomona Grange, 393. 

Campbell, George, 556. 

Campbell, John, Jr., 557. 

Carles, Samuel, 301. 

Carman, William, 511. 

Carpenter, Thomas P., 206. 

Carpenter, James H., 230. 

Carriage manufacturers : Caffrey's works, 
532 ; Ceilings' worlis, 532 ; Uunt's 
works, 533 ; Davis' wagon works, .533 ; 
West's . works, 533 ; Butler's works, 
533. 

Carrow, Howanl, 235. 

Carteret, George, Sr., 21, 22. 

Carteret, Philip, 23. 

Casperson, Robert, 299. 

Casselman, W. S., 233. 

Cathcart, John, 675. 

Cattell, A. G., 763. 

Cedar Brook, 696. 

Cemeteries of Camden, 553 ; of Gloucester 
City, 601 ; of Waterford township, 664; 
of Winslow township, 703. 

Cenieteries of Delaware township, 735. 

Census of Camden County,191. 

Centre ToM'nship : Topography, 704 ; early 
settlers, 704 ; civil organization and 
officers of, 707 ; village of Snow Hill, 
708 ; societies, 708 ; schools, 708 ; 
churches, 708-710 ; Ladies' Aid So- 
ciety, 710 ; Guinea Town, 710 ; inci- 
dents of the Revolution, 710 ; Mount 
Ephraim, 710; church, 711; Cem- 
etery, 711"; biographical, 712. 

Champion, T., 610. 

Chapman, Thomas, 216. 

Champion, John, 720. 

Chew, Ezekiel C, 272. 

Chews Landing, 682. 

Chew, Lieut. -Col. Henry P., 144. 

Chew, Sinnickson, 322. 

Cheeilhurst, 667. 

Chief justices of Colonial Supreme Court of 
New Jersey, 200. 

Chief justices of New Jersey during and 
after Revolution, 201. 

Cholera, first appearance in Camden, 256. 

Churches of Gloucester City, 696-07 : of 
Haddonfield, 619, 630 ; of Haddon 
township, 650 ; of Waterford township, 
659, 662, 666 669, ; of Gloucester town- 
ship, 6S5 ; of Wiijslow township, 700 ; 
of Centre township, 709, 711. 
Friends' Newton Meeting, 467. 
Methodist of Camden ; Third Street, 



467; Union, 469; Broadway, 470; 
Tabernacle, .171 ; Fillmore Street, 472 ; 
Centenary, 472 ; Eighth Street, 472 ; 
Kaighn Avenue, 473 ; Bethany, 474 ; 
Scott, 474 ; Macedonia, 474 ; Zion Wes- 
ley, 475 ; Union American, 475 ; Beth- 
el, 475 ; Memorial, 476. 
Baptist of Camden : First, 476 ; Second, 
478 ; Third, 478 ; North, 479 ; Broad- 
way, 481 ; Tabernacle, 481 ; Trinity, 
482 ; Seventh, 482 ; Linden, 483. 
Episcopalian of Camden : St. Paul's, 4H3 ; 
St. John's, 485 ; Church of our Sa- 
viour, 486. 
Presbyterian, of Camden : the fiist, 487 ; 
the second, 488, 490 ; Presbyterian 
mission, 492. 
Evangelical Lutheran, of Camden : Trin- 
ity German, 402 ; Epiphany, 402. 
United Brethren, of Camden : Emanuel, 

493; Bethel, 493. 
Evangelical Association, North A. M., of 

Camden: Zion, 494. 
Roman Catholic, of Camden : Church 
Immaculate Conception, 495 ; St. Pe- 
ter's and St. Paul's German, 497. 
Churches of Delaware township, 730 ; 

Stockton township, 751, 767, 760. 
City Hall, 428-429. 

City Council of Camden, 434. 

Clarke, Charles F., 281. 

Clement, Evan. 240. 

Clement, John, 212, 332, 610. 

Clement, John, Sr., 213. 

Clement, Samuel, 610. 

Clementon, 679. 

Coates, Reynell, 274, 333. 

Coffin, Maj. Edward W., 168. 

CofHn, William, Jr., 69s. 

Coffin. William, Sr., 699. 

Coles, Charles B. . 516. 

Coles, Captain Frank H.,88. 

Coley, Benjamin D., 121. 

Coley, Samuel, 640. 

Colestown, 730- 

Collings, Edward Z., 394, 

Collins, Benjamin, 610. 

Collins, Francis, 640, 645, 720. 

Collingswood, 653. 

Colonial history, 17. 

Comley, Ezra, 207. 

Congress, First provincial, of N. J., 42. 

Congress, Second Provincial, of N. J., 3. 

Congress, Third, of delegates, 44. 

Congress, attempt to steal records of, 61. 

Courow, George N., 229. 

Cooper, John, 466. 

Cooper, C. J., 303. 

Cooper, James B., 60. 

Cooper genealogical table, 406. 

Cooper, William D., 218. 

Coopers Hill, 419. 

Cooper, S. C, 227. 

Cooper, H. M., 229. 

Cooper, Richard Matlack, 457. 

Cooper Hospital, 264. 

Cooper, William, 4(H. 

Cooper, Dr. Richard M., 271. 

Cooper family, 404, 414, 719. 

Cooper, Joseph W., 459. 

Cooper, Benjamin B., 738. 

Cooper, B. W.,743. 



Cooper, William B., 743. 
Cooper, Benjamin, 744. 
Cope, Edward D.,333. 
Cornwallia, Lord, 46, 55. 
Courthouses, 183. 
Courts of Camden County, 202. 
Councilmen, list of, 434. 
Cowperthwaite, John K., 215, 431. 
Cox, .Charles, 433. 
Cragin & Co., 701. 
Cramer, Alfred. 758. 
Cramer Hill, 756. 
Crandall, John J., 2.34. 
Creighton, H.. 610. 
Croft, Howland, 524. 
Croxal, Morris, 216. 
Cullen, Thomas F., 277. 
Cnrley, Thomas P.. 235. 
Cuthbert, J. Ogden, 54. 
Cyclone, the, 555. 



Davis, Thos. H., 136. 
Davis, W. A., 292. 
Davis, Henry H., 203. 
Davis, N., 298. 
Davis, Samuel C, 727. 
Davis, Thos. W., 460. 
Davistown, 680. 
Day, Humphrey, 749. 
Dayton, James B., 2'20. 
Dayton, Wm. C.,231. 

Delaware Township : Civil histoi-y of, 713 ; 
first oflicers of, 713 ; affairs in, during 
War of Rebellion, 714, 715 ; officers of, 
1844 to 1886, 716; characteristics 
of, 710 ; mechanical industries 
in, 717; early settlement, 717, 728; 
Indians, 719, 727 ; incidents of the 
Revolution, 723 ; straightening the 
roads, 728 ; old houses, 728 ; names of 
prominent farms, 728 ; Ellisbnrg, 728 ; 
Batesville, 730 ; St. Mary's Church, 
730-735 ; Colestown Cemetry, 736 ; 
biogi'aphical sketches, 737, 738. 
Dean, Richard C, '284. 
Delair, 701. 
Dentistry, 307. 
Depuy, Watson, 464. 
De Vriea, David P., 18. 
Dialogue's Ship-Tards, ''83. 
Dialogue, John H., 384. 
Diseases and their remetlies, 252. 
Dobson, A. T., Jr., 295. 
Donop, Col., 49, 60, 51. 
Donges, John W., 203. 
Drake, Herbert A., 230. 
Dudley, 759. 
Dudley, Thos. H., 220. 
Dudley, Edw., 231. 
Du Boie, W. G., 304. 



Early Settlements, Dutch, Swcdesaud Eng- 
lish, 18. 
Early business interesla of Camden, 44-1. 
Education, 308. 
Elkinton, John A., 244. 
Ellis, Charles, 511. 
Ellis family, 723. 
Ellisburg, 728. 
Elm, 697. 



766 



INDEX. 



Estaugh Family, 646. 
EvanE, Ellwood, 736. 
Evans, Joshua, 648. 
Evans, Nathaniel, 330. 
Evelyn, Master, S.'SO. 
Evening Telegram, 327. 

r. 

Fairview Bnck-Works, 762. 

Ferries on the Delaware, 362 ; Coopere 
Point Ferry, 366; Federal Street Ferry, 
367 ; Camden and Philadelphia Steam- 
boat Ferry Co., 368; Cooper Street 
Ferry, 372 ; Kaighns Point Ferry, 372 ; 
the West Jersey Ferry, 374 ; Market 
Street Ferry, 374 ; Gloucester Ferries, 
376 ; creek ferries and bridges, 378 ; 
navigation of Coopers Creek, 380. 

Fettersville, 421. 

Tetters, Richard, 422. 

Fewsmith, \Vm., 325. 

Fisler, Lurenzo F., 270, 332, 430. 

Fire companies and firemen, 440. 

First steamboat, 360. 

Fisheries, 605. 

Fitch, John, 360. 

Fitzsimmons, P. J., 497. 

Fitzgerald, Wilson, 579. 

Fish family, 749. 

Flanders, Alfred, 230. 

Fort Mercer, 50. 

Fort MilBin, 48. 

Fort, Geo. F., 229, 338. 

Fort, John H., 230. 

Fowler, W. P., 236. 

Fortiner, Geo. R., ,305. 

Fowler, Philip H., 593. 

Francine, L. R., 155. 

Frazee, Andrew B., 371. 

Fredericks, Henry, 513. 

French, Thos. E., 232. 

French, Chua., 728. 

Friends, the : Their emigration to Amer- 
ica, 26 ; in West Jersey, 24 ; Barclay's 
Apology, 29 ; ot Haddonfield, 619. 



Gardiner, T. W., .305. 

Garrison, Charles G., 233. 

Garrison, Joseph F., 336. 

Gas-Ligbt Co., 545. 

Catling Gun, Co. B., 179. 

Gatzmer, W. H., 370. 

Gaul, Samuel M., 4.33. 

Gibbsboro', 657. 

Gibheboro' White Lead and Color Works, 

668. 
Gilbert, Geo. W., 227. 
Gill, Jobn, 458, 646. 
Gills, the, 724. 
Gilmore, Alexander, 316. 
Gilmour, L. D. H., 236. 
Glass works of Jackson, 665. 
Glendale, 657. 
Gloucester County : Erection of county, 

584 ; early history of, 30 ; early records, 

32 ; punishment of criminals, 33 ; 

county seat of, 33 ; early buildings, 33. 
Gloucester City, 582 ; topography, 582 ; 

early history. Fort Nassau, 582 ; erec- 



tion of Gloucester County, 584 ; county- 
seat, 584 ; county courts and public 
buildings, 587 ; city government, 588 , 
city hall, 588 ; mayors and olficers, 
589 ; Fire Department, 589 ; watersnp- 
ply, manufactures of, 592 ; Land Com- 
pany, 592 ; gingham-mills, 593 ; print 
works of, 594 ; Ancona Printing Com- 
pany, 594; Gloucester Iron Works, 
504 ; terra-cotta works, 595 ; machine 
works, 595 ; lumber-yard, 595 ; Gas 
Company, 596 ; religious history, 596 ; 
churches, 596 ; schools, 600 ; societies, 
GOl ; building associations, 601 ; as a 
pleasure resort, 604; hunting club, 
605 ; fisheries of, 603. 

Gloucester township, 672 ; topography, 
672 ; early settlers, 672 ; organization 
and officers, 676 ; autographs of early 
settlers, 677 ; villages of, 678 ; Kirk- 
wood, 678 ; Lindenwold, 678 ; Clemen- 
ton, 679; manufacturing interests of, 
678 ; Watsontown, 680 ; Brownstown, 
680 ; Davistown, 680 ; Spring Mills, 
680 ; lost town of Dpton, 681 ; an inci- 
dent of the Revolution, 682 ; early 
settlers of, 683 ; industrial, 684 ; hotels, 
stage lines apd stores, 684 ; Mercbanics- 
ville, 685 ; churches, 685 ; societies, 
692 ; education, 693. 

Glover, John, 706. 

Glover, L. L.,298. 

Godfrey, Edmund L. B., 290. 

Goldsmith, Geo., 644. 

Gough, E. E., 244. 

Governors of New Jersey, 24. 

Graham, F. R,, 279. 

Grand Army of Republic, 170 ; Lee Post, 
No. 5, 170 ; Hatch Post, No. 37, 172 ; 
Loyal Ladies' League, 175 ; Robinson 
Post, No. 51, 175 ; John William Post, 
No. 71, 176 ; Van Leer Post, No. 36, 
176 ; Davis Poet, No. 53, 177 ; Sons of 
Veterans, 177. 

Gray, Alexander, 231. 

Graveyards, old, 395. 

Graysbury Bros., 644. 

Graw, J. B., 328. 

Grey, Philip James, 320. 

Grey, Samuel H., 226, 320. 

Griffith, Anna E., 304. 

Grigg, Jacob; 277. 

Griscom,William, 611. 

Gross, 0. B.,290. 

Gross, Jacob L., 761. 

Gunter, Guilford, 299. 

Guinea Town, 710. 

H. 

Haddon Family, 646. 

Haddon, John, 646. 

Haddonfield Borough : Early history, 608 ; 
early settlers, 610 ; incidents of Revo- 
lution, 611 ; autographs of early settlers, 
612 ; old taverns, 618 ; post-offices, 619 ; 
incorporation, 619 ; Library Company, 
619 ; churches, 619-630 ; schools, 630 ; 
business interests, 631 ; societies, 633. 

Haddon township, 636 ; Old Newton town- 
ship, 636 ; its records, 637 ; colony set- 
tlement, 638 ; early settlers, 640 ; auto- 
graphs of early settlers, 649 ; Newton 



Friends' Meeting, 650 ; schools, 1651 ; 
the Camden and Philadelphia Race- 
Course, 652 ; Collingswood, 653 ; West- 
mont, 653 ; biographical, 654. 

Haines, Joseph M., 712. 

Hainses, the, 724. 

Hamilton, Morris R., 219. 

Hammell, B. A., 431. 

Haney, Jno. R., 288. 

Hannah. Gilbert, 225. 

Hansen, Wni. C, 159. 

Harris, Jno., 234. 

Harned, Jno. F., 235. 

Harned, Tboe. B.,231. 

Harris, Samtiel, 243. 

Hartley, Beiy., 611. 

Hatch, Wm. B., 93, 174. 

Hatton, Louis, 296. 

Hay, Andrew K., 703. 

Hayes, James E., 230. 

Heath, Andrew, 3.=i2. 

Heath, R. F. S., 193. 

Hendry, Bowman, 241. 

Hendry, Bowman, Jr., 275. 

Hendry, Chas. D., 267. 

Hendry, Thos., 239. 

Heni-j-, Geo. W., 299. 

Heritage family, 724. 

Heulings, Israel W., 459. 

Hewitt, Jno. K. R., 232. 

Highways, surveyors of, 439. 

Hildreth, Pennington P., 236. 

Hillman Family, 706, 675. 

Hilluian, Sanmel S., 633. 

Hinch'jian Family, 706. 

Hinchmans, the, 648. 

Hineline, Chas. D., 431. 

Hooll, Conrad 6., 294. 

Hoffman, W. S., 233. 

Hogate, F. F., 2,34. 

Holmes, Dr. Wm., 279. 

Home for Friendless Children, 578. 

Homesteadville, 761. 

Homoeopathy, 300. 

Hook.and-Ladder Companies(8ee Fire Com- 
panies). 

Homer, Asa P., 215. 

Homers, the, 749. 

Horsfall, Chas. K., 140. 

Hotels, 556. 

Hough, Daniel, 222. 

Hover, Francis, 244. 

Howard, E. M., 304. 

Howe, General, 48, 49, 65. 

Howell, Joshua B., 154. 

Howell, Mordecai, 718. 

Howell, Richard W., 217, 431 

Howell, Thomas, 640, 718. 

Hufty, Sam., 126. 

Hugg, Alfred, 222. 

Hugg Family, 705. 

Hugg, I. N., 297. 

Hunt, H. F., 302. 

Hunt, Willis H., 304. 

Hurff, ,Tos. E.,296. 

Hutchinson, K. C, 236. 

Hylton, J. Dunbar, 338, 747. 



Indian trails and early roads, 340. 
Indians, the, 2 ; population, 5 ; tradition 
as to origin, 6 ; Leunt Lenape, or 



INDEX. 



Deiawares, 7 ; religious belief, 8 ; char- 
acteristics, 8, 9, 10 ; later history of 
Delaware^, 14 ; last in New Jersey, 14 ; 
compulsory migration, 14; NVainpiiin, 
15; autographs, 16. 

InterDal iiuproTeinentB,rilO. 

Ireland, AVilson H., 289. 

Irwin, Samuel B., 292. 

lezard, Wm. H., 292. 



Jackson Glass-Works, 665. 
Joffers, WitliamN., 216. 
Jenkins, Richard S., 224. 
Jenkins, Wilson H., -230. 
Jennings, N. B., 279. 
Jessup, John I., 278. 
Joline, Charles Van D. 23 
Joliue, John F., 231. 
Jones, Frank S., 437. 
Jones, Geo. H., 297. 
Joaea, Jno. H., 433. 



Jon 



, S. P., 234. 



Jones, W. S.,298. 
Jordan, Richard, 3:11. 
Jordantown, Tiil. 



Kaighn, Cbag. 431. 
Kaighn. Eliaa, 430. 
Kaighn Estate, 420. 
Kaighn Family, 410. 
Kaighnsville, 423. 
Kay, John, 6i)8. 
Kays, the, 724. 
Kiflerly, Frederick, 634. 
Kinsey, Charles W., 222. 
Kirkhride, Joel P., (!71. 
Kirkwood, G78. 
Knight, Edward C, 641. 



Lafayette, General, 55. 
Laning, Samuel, 430. 
Law, the new, 314. 

Lawrence, Captain James, 78, 

Lawyers, 196, 216. 

Lay* judges, 204. 

Learning, E. B., 234. 

Leckner, J. D., 304. 

Lee, Thomas M, K., Jr., 1"'.. 

Lindenwold, 678. 

Lippincott, Jamea S.. 335. 

Lippincott, Joshua, 460. 

Livermore, Jonas, 464. 

Long, W. S., 299. 

Lucas, John, 658. 

Lumber interest, 510 ; Stockham & Co., 
512 ; Scudder's steam planiug-mill, 
513 ; Barrett & Cp., 513 ; Mun-'er & 
Bro., 514 ; The Builders' Mill, 514 ; 
Cole's planing-mill, 5i.5 ; Central 
lumber-yard, 516 ; Liberty Street 
planing-mill, 517 ; Stanton &■ Bran- 
ning, 517 ; C. W. Patterson & Co., 
517 ; timber, spar and piling basin, 
518; Colsou & Mulford yard. 518; 
Shivers & Moffett, 518 ; Moriison's 
yard, 519. 



M. 

Manufacturing and industries, 507 ; Cam- 
den Iron-Works, 507 ; Furbush & Son, 
508 ; tool and tube-works, 5m ; 
Coopers Point Iron-Works, 508 ; Pearl 
Street Iron Foundry, 508 ; Camden 
Machine-Works, 508 ; Machine Tool 
Company, 509 ; Standard Machine- 
Works, 509 ; Camden Architectural 
Iron- Works, 509 ; American Nickel- 
Works, 509 ; Esterbrook Steel Pen Com- 
pany, 509 ; lumber intereete, 510 ; oil- 
cloth manufacturers, 519 ; woolen and 
worsted -mi lis, 623 ; miscellaneous, 527; 
Wood Manufacturing Company, 527; 
Aroma Dye- Works, 527 ; Camden Dye- 
wood, Extract and Chemical- Works, 
528; New Jersey Chemical- Works, 
528 ; Camden City Dye-Works, 528 ; 
American Bleach and Dy6-Works,528 ; 
printing ink manufacturing, 529 ; 
Camden Brass-Works, 629 ; West Jer- 
sey Paper Manufacturing Company, 

529 ; Pfeil and Golz Company, 529 ; 
Standard Soap and Chemical Company, 
530 ; Crystal Glass Manufacturing 
Company, 530 ; Porcelain Tooth Man- 
ufacturing Company, 530 ; hat-factory, 

530 ; book bindery, 530 ; Baymore'e 
Mast and Spar-Yards, 530 ; Penn Street 
Spar-Yard, 531 ; boat-shops, 631 ; Penn 
Mantel-Works, 631 ; marble-works, 
531 ; granite and sandstone -works, 
532 ; carriage manufacturers, 532 (see 
Carriages) ; Kifferly's Morocco- Works, 
533 ; shoe manufacturers, 634 (see 
Shoes) ; Anderson Preserving Com- 
pany, 536 ; Campbell Preserving Con*- 
pauy, 636 ; Camden Wall-Paper Con> 
pany, 637 ; Franklin Rag Carpet Com- 
pany, 537 ; American Dredging Com- 
pany, 537 ; Gas-Light Company, 645; 
Priest & Son, riggers and house movers, 
579 ; Middleton Pump Manufactory, 
579. 

Marcy, Alexander, 286. 
Markets, 540. 
Marshals of Camden, 439. 
Martindale, Isaac C, 337. 
Matlack, Robert K., 217. 
Matlack, Timothy, 609. 
Matlacks, the, 725. 
Mayors of Camden, 4.30. 
McAlliston, N. Alex., 300. 
McComb, Capt. James, 136. 
McCuUough, Joseph W., 281. 
McKelway, A. J., 279. 
Mead, William T., 548. 
MechanicsviUe, 685. 
Mecray, A. M., 287. 
Medical profession, the, 237. 
Medical Society of Camden County, 244. 
Menibers of Camden County Medical Socie- 
ty, 260. 
Merchantville, 759. 
Methodist Herald, 329. 
Michellou, Frank F., 436. 
Mickle, Captain Isaac W., 222. 
Mitkle Family, 418. 
Mickle, Isaac, 221, 332. 
Microscopical Society, 339. 
Middleton. F. P.. 680. 



Middleton, M. K., 302. 

Middleton, Timothy, 4.32. 

Middleton. T. J., 232. 

Miller, J. S., 233. 

Miller, Lindley H., 224. 

Miller, Richard T., 229. 

Morgan family, "46. 

Morgan, John, 433. 

Murgan, Joseph W., 232. 

Morgan, Randal E., 185. 

Morgan, Rundal W.,281. 

Mount Ephraim, 7H'. 

Mud Island, 52. 

Mulford, Isaac S., 266, 332. 

MuUord, I. B., 282. 

Mulford, Thomarf W., 219. 

Muifurd, W. C, 274. 

Municipal history of Camden, 425. 

Navigators, the firet in New Jersey, 17. 

Navigation and shipbuilding, 360. 

Navigation of the Delaware, 360. 

New Jersey : Established, 21 ; boundary 
between East and West Xew Jeruey, 
23 ; as the seat of war, 45. 

New Jersey Coast Pilot, 320. 

New Jersey Temperance Gazette, 328. 

New Jersey Southern Railroad, 358. 

Newbie, Mark, 642. 

Newby, Stephen, 643. 

Newspapers: Bridgetoa Argus, 319; 
Washington Whig, 319 ; Gloucester 
Farmer, 320; Village Record, 320; 
American Star and Rural Record, 320 ; 
Camden Mail, 320; West Jenteyman, 
320 ; Columbian Herald, 320 ; The 
Union, 320; Camden Daily, 320; Re- 
publican, 321 ; American Eagle, 321 ; 
Phoenix, 321; Camden Journal, 321 ; 
New Republic, 321 ; Daily Post, 322 ; 
The Argus, 322 ; Jersey Blue, 322 ; 
Philadelphia Day, 322 ; West Jersey 
Press, 322 ; The Constitution, 323 ; 
National Standard, 323; Camden Demo- 
crat, 323 ; The Tribune, 325 ; The 
Post, 325 ; Woodbury Liberal Prtss, 
325 ; Camden County Courier, 327 ; 
Evening Telegram, 327 ; New Jersey 
Temperance Gazette, 328 ; Camden 
County Journal, 328 ; New Jersey Coast 
Pilot, 329; Methodist Herald, 329; 
TheChosilhurst Tribune, 330 ; Weekly 
Tribune, 329 ; South Jersey News, 
329 ; Atco Argus, 330. 

Newton Creek Meadow Co., The Little, 
421. 

Kewton Juvenile Debating Society, 505. 

Newton Village, 650. 

Nicholson, Joseph, 744. 

Norcrose, 694. 

O. 

Oil-cloth manufacturers, 519 ; Powers Jt 
Sons, 519^ R. H. & B. C. Reeve, 519; 
FarrA Bailey, 522; Dunn, J. & Co., 
522 ; Kaighns Point Oil Cloth Co., 523 ; 
L. B. Randall, 523. 

Olden, Gov. Charles S., 91. 

Old grave-yards, 395. 

Orphanage, the West Jersey, 506. 

Osier Family, 751. 

Overbrook Mills, 762. 



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